title: Retinal and optic disc findings in adolescence: a population-based OCT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of macular and peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and optic disc parameters in early-adolescence Australian children and to compare these with previously reported findings in younger children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Sydney Childhood Eye Study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of children's eye health. During 2004 and 2005, 2367 (75.3%) of 3144 eligible year 7 students from a random cluster sample of 21 secondary schools in Sydney, Australia, were examined. The comprehensive eye examination included measurement of macular and NFL thickness and optic disc parameters by optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macular, NFL thickness, and optic disc parameters were normally distributed in early-adolescence children. Mean (+/-SD) thicknesses of the central 1 mm, and inner and outer macular rings were 197.4 +/- 18.7, 271.9 +/- 15.0, and 239.5 +/- 13.5 microm, respectively. The foveal minimum thickness was 161.6 +/- 19.9 microm. The mean (+/-SD) of average NFL thickness was 103.6 +/- 10.6 microm. Mean (+/-SD) vertical and horizontal disc diameters were 1.88 +/- 0.25 and 1.61 +/- 0.20 mm; corresponding cup-to-disc ratios were 0.39 +/- 0.14 and 0.44 +/- 0.16. There were minimal sex differences in these parameters after adjustment for multiple ocular and demographic variables. Compared with parameters in the childhood group, the macula was generally slightly thicker and the optic disc slightly larger in the early-adolescence group, although differences between these two age groups were small. The foveal minimum and NFL thickness were similar between the two age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the normative distribution of macular, NFL, and optic disc parameters in early-adolescence children and also demonstrates minimal differences between the sexes. These parameters were also largely unchanged between early childhood and early adolescence, although the comparisons were made in two cross-sectional samples, rather than from longitudinal measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Son C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Xiu Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burlutsky
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers; D016011:Normal Distribution; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity