title: Enhanced integrated stress response promotes myelinating oligodendrocyte survival in response to interferon-gamma.
abstract: The T-cell-derived, pleiotropic cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma is believed to play a key regulatory role in immune-mediated demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our previous work has demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response modulates the response of oligodendrocytes to this cytokine. The ER stress response activates the pancreatic ER kinase, which coordinates an adaptive program known as the integrated stress response by phosphorylating translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha). In this study, we found that growth arrest and DNA damage 34 (GADD34), a stress-inducible regulatory subunit of a phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates eIF2alpha, was selectively up-regulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes in mice that ectopically expressed IFN-gamma in the central nervous system. We also found that a GADD34 mutant strain of mice displayed increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2alpha (p-eIF2alpha) in myelinating oligodendrocytes when exposure to IFN-gamma, as well as diminished oligodendrocyte loss and hypomyelination. Furthermore, treatment with salubrinal, a small chemical compound that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 1(PP1)-GADD34 phosphatase activity, increased the levels of p-eIF2alpha and ameliorated hypomyelination and oligodendrocyte loss in cultured hippocampal slices exposed to IFN-gamma. Thus, our data provide evidence that an enhanced integrated stress response could promote oligodendrocyte survival in immune-mediated demyelination diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Phillip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kunkler
authors.forename: Heather P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ron
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kraig
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Popko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D051381:Rats; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000473:pathology*; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002934:Cinnamates; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; C496827:salubrinal; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C513256:Ppp1r15a protein, mouse; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D013890:Thiourea