title: Role of male factor in early recurrent embryo loss: do antioxidants have any effect?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether increasing antioxidant intake in men with high levels of DNA damage or lipid peroxidation improves gestational results in couples with history of recurrent embryo loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study (case series).
  
  
  METHODS
  Early recurrent embryo loss program at the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen men whose spouses had a history of two or more embryo losses before 12 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male partners with increased DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) or high thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were instructed to consume a diet rich in antioxidants or commercial multivitamins containing beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc for at least 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy outcome was recorded in the spouses of men with increased %DFI or TBARS who received antioxidant supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 17 men, 9 (53%) presented with an increased %DFI or TBARS. They were started on an antioxidant supplementation regimen. Of these nine men, six of their spouses became pregnant. All couples whose male partners accepted antioxidant supplementation achieved a successful pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates the benefits of an increased intake of antioxidant-rich food or antioxidant supplements by men who show high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation or lipid peroxidation, which could result in an improvement in gestational outcomes in couples with history of recurrent embryo losses.
authors.affiliation: Reproduction Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. aura_gi1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Aura María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gil-Villa
authors.forename: Wálter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cardona-Maya
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cadavid
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012737:Sex Factors; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants