title: Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from cats in Melbourne.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) present in the domestic cat population in Melbourne.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 42 cats that had serum antibodies against FIV. DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify variable regions of the envelope (env) and group specific antigen (gag) genes of FIV. PCR products were directly sequenced or sequenced after cloning when direct sequencing yielded ambiguous results. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and comparisons made with representative sequences of different subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variable region of the env gene was successfully amplified by PCR from 41 of the 42 cats. All 41 were found to cluster with subtype A env sequences. The variable region of the gag gene was successfully amplified by PCR from all 42 cats. Forty-one were found to cluster with subtype A gag genes and one was found to cluster with subtype B sequences, suggesting that it may be derived from a recombinant env A/gag B virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subtype A is the predominant FIV type in Melbourne, although a subtype A/B recombinant was identified in the population of FIV positive cats. These results of env gene analysis were similar to those in a previous Australian study, suggesting that subtype A predominates in Australia. The results of the gag gene analysis show the importance of analysing multiple areas of the FIV genome when assigning FIV subtypes. Comparison with other major urban centres may provide useful information about the phylogenic diversity of FIV in Australia.
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, Werribee, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Holloway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001315:Australia; D001483:Base Sequence; D002415:Cats; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D015750:Genes, gag / Q000235:genetics; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral