title: Effects of cruciferous allyl nitrile on phase 2 antioxidant and detoxification enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High intake of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with lower risk of various cancers, and the cancer preventive effect of the vegetables has been associated with their high levels of glucosinolates. The hydrolysis of glucosinolates results in the generation of bioactive compounds, including allyl nitrile which we previously found to be an active inducer of some phase 2 enzymes. In this study, we further explored the inductive ability of this nitrile in light of increasing evidence that antioxidants delay or prevent the development of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of 6 mice were administered subtoxic doses of allyl nitrile (5, 50, 100 or 200 micromol/kg) or vehicle-distilled water daily for 5 days by gastric intubation. On the sixth day, the animals were sacrificed for examination of enzyme activities in their tissues. Enzymes tested were thioredoxin reductase (TR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allyl nitrile increased the activity of TR in the liver, kidneys and rectum at doses of 100-200 micromol/kg/day, and GPx in the kidneys and small intestine at 50 to 200 micromol/kg/day, while in the colon, alone, it decreased the activities of GR and catalase at doses of 200 and 100-200 micromol/kg/day, respectively not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest an involvement of allyl nitrile in antioxidant defense in the body, except for the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. taniih@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanii
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Fusae
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saijoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005961:Glucosinolates; D009570:Nitriles; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase