title: Flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het) SHetA2 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Flexible heteroarotinoids (Flex-Hets) compounds regulate growth, differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. The hypothesis of this study was that the lead Flex-Het, SHetA2, inhibits angiogenesis by blocking cytokine release from cancer cells. SHetA2 altered secretion of thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) proteins from normal and cancerous ovarian and renal cultures. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression was inhibited in cancer, but not normal cultures. Endothelial tube formation was stimulated by conditioned media from cancer but not normal cultures, and SHetA2 reduced secretion of this angiogenic activity. SHetA2 directly inhibited endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation through G1 cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis. Recombinant TP reversed SHetA2 anti-angiogenic activity. SHetA2 inhibition of in vivo angiogenesis was observed in Caki-1 renal cancer xenografts. In conclusion, SHetA2 inhibits angiogenesis through alteration of angiogenic factor secretion by cancer cells and through direct effects on endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Tashanna-Myers@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Tashanna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Shylet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chengedza
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Daynelle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dedmond
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Doris M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Benbrook
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013871:Thiones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C476105:(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl thiochroman-6-yl)amino) methane-1-thione; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D002839:Chromans; D013871:Thiones; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase