title: Reduction of the immune response to factor VIII mediated through tolerogenic factor VIII presentation by immature dendritic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of neutralizing antibodies to factor FVIII (FVIII) represents the most serious complication in the treatment of hemophilia A.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have explored the potential of using immature dendritic cells (iDCs) to present FVIII in a tolerogenic manner to T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The iDCs were isolated from hemophilic murine bone marrow and pulsed with canine cFVIII (cFVIII-iDCs) in the presence or absence of the NFkappaB pathway blocking compound Andrographolide (Andro-cFVIII-iDCs). Three weekly intravenous infusions of one million cFVIII pulsed-iDCs were administered to a group of five hemophilic Balb/c mice. Anti-FVIII antibody levels were monitored by functional Bethesda assay after four weekly intravenous challenges with 2 IU of cFVIII.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have shown that cFVIII in the presence or absence of Andro is efficiently taken up by iDCs and that this process does not result in the maturation of DCs or the activation of co-cultured T cells. Following repeated infusion of the cFVIII-iDCs and Andro-cFVIII-iDCs into hemophilic mice, which were subsequently challenged with cFVIII, long-term reductions of FVIII inhibitors of 25% and 40%, respectively, were documented. Studies of cytokine release and T-cell phenotypes indicate that the mechanisms responsible for reducing immunologic responsiveness to cFVIII appear to involve an expansion of Foxp3 T regulatory cells in the case of cFVIII-iDC infusion and the elaboration of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta following andrographolide-treated cFVIII-iDCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that tolerogenic presentation of cFVIII to the immune system can significantly reduce immunogenicity of the protein.
authors.affiliation: Richardson Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qadura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chegeni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labelle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozelo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lillicrap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D004285:Dogs; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000276:immunology*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000276:immunology*; D055633:Immune System Phenomena; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016753:Interleukin-10; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005169:Factor VIII