title: Dirty-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: preliminary observations of myelin phospholipid and axonal loss.
abstract: "Dirty-appearing white matter" (DAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as a region(s) with ill-defined borders of intermediate signal intensity between that of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and that of plaque on T(2)-weighted and proton density imaging. To delineate the histopathology of DAWM, four formalin-fixed cerebral hemisphere slices of three MS patients with DAWM were scanned with T(2)- weighted and proton density sequences. The myelin water fraction (MWF) was obtained by expressing the short T(2) component as a fraction of the total T(2) distribution. Hemispheric sections were then stained with Luxol fast blue (LFB) for myelin phospholipids, for myelin basic protein (MBP) and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) for myelin; Bielschowsky silver impregnation for axons; and for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocytes. Compared to NAWM, DAWM showed reduction in MWF, corresponding to a reduction of LFB staining. DAWM also showed reduced Bielschowsky staining. Quantitatively, the change in MWF in DAWM most consistently correlated with the change in LFB staining. The findings of this preliminary study suggest that DAWM is characterized by loss of myelin phospholipids, detected by the short T(2) component, and axonal reduction.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), Vancouver General Hospital, 855 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9. wayne.moore@vch.ca
authors.forename: G R W
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laule
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: D K B
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Traboulsee
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Paty
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; D000368:Aged; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007211:Indoles; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; C018588:Luxol Fast Blue MBS; D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; C039809:2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase