title: Atypical evening cortisol profile induces visual recognition memory deficit in healthy human subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diurnal rhythm-mediated endogenous cortisol levels in humans are characterised by a peak in secretion after awakening that declines throughout the day to an evening trough. However, a significant proportion of the population exhibits an atypical cycle of diurnal cortisol due to shift work, jet-lag, aging, and mental illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study has demonstrated a correlation between elevation of cortisol in the evening and deterioration of visual object recognition memory. However, high evening cortisol levels have no effect on spatial memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that atypical evening salivary cortisol levels have an important role in the early deterioration of recognition memory. The loss of recognition memory, which is vital for everyday life, is a major symptom of the amnesic syndrome and early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this study will promote a potential physiologic marker of early deterioration of recognition memory and a possible diagnostic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Sheffield, UK. H.Gilpin@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
authors.forename: Kwangwook
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007118:Immunoassay; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone