title: Radical scavenging and reducing ability of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolysates.
abstract: Enzymatically hydrolyzed fish protein hydrolysates could be used as a source of antioxidative nutraceuticals. In our current work, we have investigated alkali-solubilized tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolysates for their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for their reducing power. Tilapia protein isolate was prepared by an alkaline solubilization technique and used as a substrate for enzyme hydrolysis. Cryotin, protease A 'Amano' 2, protease N 'Amano', Neutrase and Flavourzyme, were used separately to determine their effectiveness in hydrolyzing tilapia protein isolate. ROS scavenging ability was quantified using an isoluminol enhanced chemiluminescent assay in the presence of a) hydrogen peroxide or b) mononuclear cells isolated from human blood. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the hydrolysates using 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), were also investigated. Results showed that, in general, the TEAC, FRAP values and ROS scavenging ability of the hydrolysates increased with an increase in the degree of hydrolysis. Among the different hydrolysates, those prepared using Cryotin were most effective and Amano A2 hydrolysates were least effective in scavenging ABTS*(+) and ROS generated by hydrogen peroxide. However, FRAP assay showed that hydrolysates prepared using Flavourzyme were most effective, and Amano N and Neutrase hydrolysates were least effective in reducing ferric ions. No significant difference was observed among the hydrolysates produced with different enzymes in their ability to scavenge ROS generated by phorbol myristate acetate stimulated mononuclear cells. These results shed light on the in vitro ROS scavenging ability of alkali solubilized tilapia protein hydrolysates, as well as potential nutraceutical use of these hydrolysates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Food Biomolecular Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: Hordur G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D017210:Tilapia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D029941:Fish Proteins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases