title: Pre-concentration procedure for determination of copper and zinc in food samples by sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: In this paper is proposed a simultaneous pre-concentration procedure using cloud point extraction for the determination of copper and zinc in food samples employing sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FS-FAAS). The reagent used is 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and the micellar phase is obtained using the non-ionic surfactant octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) and centrifugation. The optimization step was performed using Box-Behnken design for three factors: solution pH, reagent concentration and buffer concentration. A multiple response function was established in order to get an experimental condition for simultaneous extraction of copper and zinc. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method allows the determination of copper with a limit of detection (3sigma(b)/S, LOD) of 0.1 microg L(-1), precision expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 2.1 and 1.3% (N=10), for copper concentrations of 10 and 50 microg L(-1), respectively. Zinc is determined with a LOD of 0.15 microg L(-1) and precision as R.S.D. of 2.7 and 1.7% for concentrations of 10 and 50 microg L(-1), respectively. The enhancement factors obtained were 36 and 32 for copper and zinc, respectively. The accuracy was assessed by analysis of certified reference materials, namely, SRM 1567a - Wheat Flour and SRM 8433 - Corn Bran from National Institute of Standards & Technology and BCR 189-wholemeal flour from Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements. The method was applied to the determination of copper and zinc in oats, powdered chocolate, corn flour and wheat flour samples. The copper content in the samples analyzed varied from 1.14 to 3.28 microg g(-1) and zinc from 8.7 to 22.9 microg g(-1).
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-290, Brazil. slcf@ufba.br
authors.forename: Hadla S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Ana C N
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Lindomar A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Portugal
authors.forename: Antonio C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.forename: Sérgio L C
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc