title: Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism.
abstract: There are two major pathways that mammalian cells use to supply themselves with cholesterol, one involving the synthesis of sterols from acetyl-CoA and the other the metabolism of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein particles via receptor-mediated endocytosis. There also are several pathways that mammalian cells use to break down cholesterol, and these disposal pathways are equal in physiological importance to the supply pathways. A major catabolic route involves conversion of cholesterol into conjugated bile salts, a transformation mediated by 16 or more liver enzymes. This review highlights findings in cholesterol catabolism from the last five decades with special emphasis on advances in bile acid synthesis, transport, and regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA. david.russel@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C037643:bile acid binding proteins; D002784:Cholesterol