title: Size matters: community size, HIV stigma, & gender differences.
abstract: Conclusions regarding HIV stigma in rural areas are hampered by lack of agreement about rural classification. This investigation examined perceptions of HIV stigma among males and females with HIV/AIDS in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas. Two-hundred people with HIV/AIDS completed a measure of perceived HIV stigma. Their county or town of residence was used to classify community size. Results indicated that community size was related to one aspect of perceived stigma, disclosure concerns, differently for men and women. Rural women reported more disclosure concerns than did metropolitan and micropolitan women. They also reported more disclosure concerns than rural men. Men in micropolitan communities reported more disclosure concerns than men in rural areas and tended to report more disclosure concerns than men in metropolitan areas. Understanding the relationship of community size to HIV stigmatization requires acknowledging that many communities are neither urban nor rural, and it requires considering gender differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue-John Dewey Hall, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA. Adam.Gonzalez@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Carol T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Sondra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Janice Yanushka
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bunn
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cassidy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology; D015497:HIV-1; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009511:New England; D011287:Prejudice; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014505:Urban Population