title: [The neuroprotective effect of PACAP, VIP, and derivatives in brain ischemia].
abstract: Nowadays, stroke is the most frequent cause of adult disability and death of the elderly. In most cases, the etiology of stroke involves cerebral ischemia. Ischemia-induced changes in the brain tissue lead not only to its degeneration, but also to significant activation of cellular mechanisms which protect the affected cells from damage. One such mechanism is the expression of endogenous neuroprotective substances, for example pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intenstinal peptide (VIP), whose properties were investigated recently. PACAP and VIP are neuropeptides widely distributed in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs of various vertebrates. They display pleiotropic biological activity. An extremely strong neuroprotective potential of these peptides has been observed and confirmed in numerous animal models. The protective mechanism of PACAP and VIP involves many intracellular pathways, which can be generally classified into four categories of action: antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and modulation of gene expression. Numerous data provided by many research centers suggest that endo- and exogenous PACAP and VIP, as well as their synthetic derivatives, reveal considerable neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential, suggesting a possibility of their use as new therapeutic strategies in stroke treatment.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Farmakologii Katedry Farmakologii i Farmakologii Klinicznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwiak-Bebenista
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.forename: Jerzy Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C495401:ADCYAP1 protein, human; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide