title: [Biocompatibility of micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biocompatibility of silica gel embedded permanent magnets of the micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the national standards of biological evaluation of medical equipment (GB/T 16886), Shanghai Biomaterial Research and Test Center was confined to evaluate the biocompatibility of silica gel embedded permanent magnets both in vitro and in vivo, including cytotoxicity test, sensitization test, primary skin irritant test and acute general toxicity test. The cytotoxicity test was performed according to the agar diffusion method. The L929 cell discoloration index and cell lysis index were counted at 24 hours after the action of the specimen. The sensitization test was performed according to the maximal dose method. The skin response was evaluated in 30 male albino guinea-pigs at 24 and 48 hours after the routine induction and provocation of leaching liquors of the specimen. The primary skin irritant test was evaluated in 2 male healthy New Zealand rabbits according to the local tissue response at 24, 48 and 72 hours after intradermal injection of leaching liquors of the specimen. The acute general toxicity test was evaluated in 10 male Kunming mice musculus albus according to animal condition at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection of leaching liquors of the specimen through the caudal vein. Both the general reaction of canines and the pathology of the local bladder walls were observed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after a permanent magnet was fixed on the anterior wall of urinary bladder in three canines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No sensitization, no stimulation and no acute general toxicity were observed except slight cytotoxicity to silica gel embedded permanent magnets. After implantation of a permanent magnet, the canines showed excellent tolerance, which manifested as no abnormality in spirit, appetite, urine and stool, healed wounds and no infection. Adhesions occurred between the epiploon and the bladder wall around the permanent magnet in two canines at 2 and 4 weeks, and between the lower abdominal wall and the bladder wall around the permanent magnet in the other canine at 8 weeks. The local bladder wall below permanent magnet was thickened, the fibrous capsule around the permanent magnet was thin, but the bladder mucosa was normal. Inflammatory reaction such as congestion, edema and inflammatory cells lessened from the serosa layer to the mucosa layer microscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silica gel embedded permanent magnets used in the micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladder has excellent biocompatibility and meet the criteria for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianhuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Wanhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianyou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004285:Dogs; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011817:Rabbits; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials