Characterization of a T7-like lytic bacteriophage (phiSG-JL2) of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum.
PhiSG-JL2 is a newly discovered lytic bacteriophage infecting Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum but is nonlytic to a rough vaccine strain of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG-9R), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and S. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum. The phiSG-JL2 genome is 38,815 bp in length (GC content, 50.9%; 230-bp-long direct terminal repeats), and 55 putative genes may be transcribed from the same strand. Functions were assigned to 30 genes based on high amino acid similarity to known proteins. Most of the expected proteins except tail fiber (31.9%) and the overall organization of the genomes were similar to those of yersiniophage phiYeO3-12. phiSG-JL2 could be classified as a new T7-like virus and represents the first serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum phage genome to be sequenced. On the basis of intraspecific ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide changes (Pi[a]/Pi[s]), gene 2 encoding the host RNA polymerase inhibitor displayed Darwinian positive selection. Pretreatment of chickens with phiSG-JL2 before intratracheal challenge with wild-type serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum protected most birds from fowl typhoid. Therefore, phiSG-JL2 may be useful for the differentiation of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum from other Salmonella serotypes, prophylactic application in fowl typhoid control, and understanding of the vertical evolution of T7-like viruses.
Kwon
Hyuk-Joon
HJ
Zoonotic Disease Institute, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillimdong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. kwonhj01@snu.ac.kr
Cho
Sun-Hee
SH
Kim
Tae-Eun
TE
Won
Yong-Jin
YJ
Jeong
Jihye
J
Park
Se Chang
SC
Kim
Jae-Hong
JH
Yoo
Han-Sang
HS
Park
Yong-Ho
YH
Kim
Sun-Joong
SJ
D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D002645:Chickens; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D023061:Gene Order; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017902:Podoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016019:Survival Analysis; D026801:Synteny; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins