title: Racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of dementia among Medicare beneficiaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies have documented disparities in health care utilization between non-Hispanic White and minority elders. We investigated differences in anti-dementia medication use between non-Hispanic White and minority community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations, we estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for anti-dementia medication use by race/ethnicity for 1,120 beneficiaries with dementia from years 2001 through 2003 of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for demographics, socioeconomics, health care access and utilization, comorbidities, and service year, we found that anti-dementia medication use was approximately 30% higher among non-Hispanic Whites compared to other racial/ethnic groups (PR=0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.59, 0.91). As for individual racial/ethnic groups, prevalence disparities remained significant for non-Hispanic Blacks (PR=0.75, 95% CI=0.57, 0.99) and non-Hispanic others (PR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26, 0.96) but were attenuated for Hispanics (PR=0.84, 95% CI=0.59, 1.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide evidence that racial/ethnic disparities in utilization of drugs used to treat dementia exist and are not accounted for by differences in demographic, economic, health status, or health utilization factors. Findings provide a foundation for further research that should use larger numbers of minority patients and consider dementia type and severity, access to specialty dementia care, and cultural factors.
authors.affiliation: Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 220 Arch Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. izuckerm@rx.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Ilene H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: Priscilla T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simoni-Wastila
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stuart
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008559:Memantine; D008913:Minority Groups; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D008559:Memantine