title: The proton complex of a diaza-macropentacycle: structure, slow formation, and chirality induction by ion pairing with the optically active 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl phosphate anion.
abstract: The protonation of a sterically crowded [N2S6] macropentacycle (1) with 1 equiv of CF3SO3H in CDCl3 is slow and gives the singly (oo(+) [1 x H](+)) and doubly (o(+)o(+) [1 x 2H](2+)) protonated forms as kinetic products, the i(+)o form of [1 x H](+) being the thermodynamic product. i(+)o [1 x H](+) is C3 helically chiral in the solid state and in solution. The barrier to racemization (DeltaG(double dagger)) of the [1 x H](+) propeller is >71 kJ mol(-1). The ammonium proton is encapsulated in the tetrahedral coordination sphere provided by the endo (i) nitrogen bridgehead atom and the three proximal thioether sulfurs, which makes [1 x H](+) a proton complex. Use of the optically active acid (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate (BNPH) in chloroform allowed us to induce a significant diastereomeric excess (24% de), which produced a detectable ICD. The de was decreased in acetone-d6 (10%), suggesting that the sense of chirality of [1 x H](+) is controlled by ion-pair interactions. Detailed NMR studies allowed us to locate the chiral anion on the endo side of [1 x H](+), in the cavity lined by endo t-Bu groups, and to establish that the rate of anion exchange in [1 x H][(S,R)-(+/-)-BNP] was higher than the rate of propeller inversion of [1 x H](+).
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS no. 5260), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonnot
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chambron
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernauer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graff