title: Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements.
abstract: In forensic investigation difficulties are being experienced in the stature and gender estimation of bodies dismembered in mass destruction. So as to eliminate these difficulties, new methods are being developed. The aim of this study is to develop formulae for estimation of the stature and gender through foot measurements when necessary. For this purpose, the length, width, malleol height, navicular height measurements of the right and left foot as well as stature have been taken from the 249 subjects who are attending Medical Faculty of Dokuz Eylul University and School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Turkey. In males, stature and foot measurements were higher than in females, and the difference between the average measures was significant. The highest correlation was observed in the right and left foot length for female, male and study (mix-gender group) groups when stature and foot measurement relations were evaluated. The lowest correlation was observed in foot width for the right foot in all groups but, differed in left foot measurements for each group. Formulae were obtained by using multiple regression analysis for stature estimation and logistic regression analysis for gender estimation. As a consequence, whilst stature estimation formulae, depending on the gender, allow 9-10 cm errors, those that are independent on the gender help make estimation with less than 4 cm errors. Gender estimation formula can help determine the gender with 95.6% accuracy via right foot measurements, and 96.4% accuracy via left foot measurements. In population similar to our subjects, stature and gender estimation can be made by using foot measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. gulsah.zeybek@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ergur
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demiroglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D014421:Turkey