title: Towards a quantitative understanding of protein hydration and volumetric properties.
abstract: Herein, we probe by pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC) the coefficient of thermal expansion, the volumetric and the hydration properties of variants of a hyperstable variant of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), Delta+PHS. The temperature-dependent volumetric properties of the folded and unfolded states of the wild-type protein are calculated with previously published data. The present PPC results are used to interpret the volume diagram and expansivity at a molecular level. We conclude that the expansivity of the unfolded state is, to a first approximation, temperature independent, while that of the folded state decreases with increasing temperature. Our data suggest that at low temperature the defining contribution to DeltaV comes mainly from excluded volume differences and DeltaV for unfolding is negative. In contrast, at high temperatures, differential solvation due to the increased exposed surface area of the unfolded state and, in particular, its larger thermal volume linked to the increased conformational dynamics of the unfolded state ensemble takes over and DeltaV for unfolding eventually becomes positive.
authors.affiliation: Dortmund University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Lally
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rouget
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia-Moreno
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
mesh_terms: D002151:Calorimetry; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D014867:Water; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease