Anti-inflammatory activity of an orange peel polymethoxylated flavone, 3',4',3,5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone, in the rat carrageenan/paw edema and mouse lipopolysaccharide-challenge assays.
The anti-inflammatory properties of 3',4',3,5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a citrus polymethoxylated flavone, were studied in the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenge/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) response in mice and in the carrageenan/paw edema assay in rats. In each of these trials, HMF administered by intraperitoneal (ip) injection exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, whereas HMF administered orally (po) produced no effects. The inhibition observed in the LPS-challenge/TNFalpha assay correlated with the HMF levels in the blood sera of mice dosed (ip) with either 33 or 100 mg/kg body weight. Low levels of HMF (0.035 +/- 0.024 ppm) were detected in the blood sera of mice dosed orally [100 mg of HMF (suspended in vegetable oil)/kg], whereas ip injection led to higher levels (0.517 +/- 0.051 ppm). This may account for the different levels of anti-inflammatory effects observed in mice following ip vs oral HMF administration. HMF metabolites, including a number of mono- and di-demethylated HMF metabolites and their glucuronic acid conjugates, were also detected, but results of these studies suggest that the glucuronidated metabolites of HMF are inactive in these inflammation models.
Manthey
John A
JA
U.S. Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 Avenue S, Northwest, Winter Haven, Florida 33881, USA. John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov
Bendele
Philip
P
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000276:immunology; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C059294:3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone; D002351:Carrageenan