title: Exploratory spatial data analysis of regional seroprevalence of antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in cattle from Illinois and Indiana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate seroprevalence of antibodies against the serogroup of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) and describe spatial distribution of antibodies against EHDV among cattle herds in Illinois and western Indiana.
  
  
  METHODS
  9,414 serum samples collected from cattle in 60 herds over 3 transmission seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were tested for antibodies against EHDV by use of an ELISA. Seroprevalence for 4 zones covering the length of Illinois and parts of Indiana were estimated. A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model with a random effect for herd was used to estimate seropositive risk for zone (1 through 4), age (yearling, adult), herd type (beef, dairy), transmission season (2000 to 2002), and zone by year interaction. Isopleth maps of seroprevalence at the herd level were produced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibodies against EHDV were detected in 1,110 (11.8%) samples. Estimated seroprevalence in 2000, 2001, and 2002 was 15.3%, 13.4%, and 5.2%, respectively. Seroprevalence was highest in the southernmost zone and lowest in the northernmost zone, but risk of seropositivity for EHDV among and within zones varied by year. Clusters of high seroprevalence in the south, low seroprevalence in the north, and outliers of high and low seroprevalence were detected. Risk mapping revealed areas of higher seroprevalence extending northward along the western and eastern ends of the study region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seroprevalence of antibodies against EHDV in cattle was higher in the south than north; however, local complexities existed that were not observed in a serosurvey of antibodies against bluetongue virus from the same cattle population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Tim C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: En-Min
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D003670:Deer / Q000821:virology; D018164:Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic / Q000276:immunology*; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012621:Seasons; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral