title: Diabetes, abdominal adiposity, and atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia in women compared with men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand why atherogenic risk differs more between diabetic and nondiabetic women than between diabetic and nondiabetic men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measures of cardiovascular risk, body composition, and serum hormones from the baseline examinations of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study on 524 nondiabetic women, 258 diabetic women, 421 nondiabetic men, and 220 diabetic men were compared to detect greater adverse differences in women than in men. Systolic blood pressure; apolipoprotein B (apoB); total cholesterol; apoB-to-apoA-I ratio; non-HDL cholesterol; LDL particle count, small LDL, and intermediate-density lipoprotein by nuclear magnetic resonance; and C-reactive protein exhibited significant diabetes-sex interaction (P < 0.05). ApoB exhibited the most significant interaction (P = 0.0005). Age- and ethnicity-adjusted apoB means were lower in nondiabetic women than nondiabetic men (102.4 vs. 106.8 mg/dl, P < 0.05) but higher in diabetes (115.7 vs. 110.2 mg/dl, P < 0.01). Plotted against BMI, waist circumference was 6% higher and hip circumference 10% lower in diabetic than nondiabetic women (both P < 0.05), whereas the circumference measures did not differ conspicuously between diabetic and nondiabetic men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In diabetic women, an elevated level of atherogenic particles, as manifested by apoB and LDL particle count, which may result from abdominal adiposity, represents a major treatable cardiovascular risk factor.
authors.affiliation: KenAnCo Biostatistics, San Antonio, TX, USA. ken@kenanco.com
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Allan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sniderman
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose