title: Retinol and alpha-tocopherol in morbid obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to study serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol in a cohort of obese patients and their possible association with several obesity-related conditions, given that the former may be implicated in a diminished capacity of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with morbid obesity participated in the study. Many clinical and biochemical variables were measured including serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Fatty liver was detected by ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.334, P = 0.002 and r = -0.299, P = 0.007, respectively). Serum retinol inversely correlated with AST (r = -0.236, P = 0.036) and ALT (r = -0.241, P = 0.032). Multivariate regression analyses confirmed these results after correcting for the effects of other variables. Eighty-five percent of patients had fatty liver. When restricting the analysis to them, multivariate regression identified male sex (beta = 0.451, P = 0.003), age (beta = -0.275, P = 0.039), and serum retinol concentrations (beta = -0.414, P = 0.005) as predictive variables on serum AST (R (2) = 0.230, F = 3.408, P = 0.009) and male sex (beta = 0.448, P = 0.003), age (beta = -0.236, P = 0.046), insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment (beta = 0.243, P = 0.050), and serum retinol concentrations (beta = -0.305, P = 0.022) as predictive variables on serum ALT (R (2) = 0.296, F = 5.817, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations are inversely associated with body mass index in morbid obesity, and serum retinol is also inversely associated with serum concentrations of transaminases in those patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Obesity Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain. jbotella.hrc@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: José I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Botella-Carretero
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Balsa
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peromingo
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Enriquez
authors.forename: Héctor F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Escobar-Morreale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol