title: Interrater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) for patients with wrist flexor muscle spasticity.
abstract: The measurement of spasticity is part of the neurological examination of patients with disorders of the central nervous system. Recently, the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) was developed for the characterization of muscle spasticity. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of the MMAS in the assessment of wrist flexor muscle spasticity in adult patients after upper motoneuron lesions resulted in hemiplegia. Thirty hemiplegic patients (17 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 55.6+/-7.8 years participated in this study. The wrist flexor spasticity was assessed according to MMAS by two female physiotherapists. The raters gave 23 patients the same spasticity score (weighted percentage agreement=97.4%). The most agreement occurred for scores 3 (46.7%) and 0 (16.7%), respectively. The agreement between raters was very good (weighted kappa=0.92, SE=0.03, p<0.0001). In conclusion, the MMAS has very good interrater reliability for the assessment of wrist flexor muscle spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. naghdi@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Soofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naghdi
authors.forename: Noureddin Nakhostin
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Somayye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azarnia
authors.forename: Anoushiravan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemnejad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014953:Wrist / Q000503:physiopathology*