title: Prevalence of oral disease among adults with primary HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the type and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among adults with primary HIV infection (PHI) compared with HIV-negative adults at high risk for HIV disease, and in relation to HIV viral load.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted standardized oral examinations to identify specific oral mucosal lesions among adults with PHI, both pre-seroconversion and post- seroconversion-recently infected, compared with HIV-negative adults. We compared the group with oral lesions to those without oral lesions with respect to HIV-RNA load and CD4 + T-cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 115 adults (predominantly men), pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most common oral lesion among those with PHI, and was found in 4% of the 23 participants in pre-seroconversion and in 9% of 69 participants with post-seroconversion recent infection, compared with none found among 23 HIV negatives. Among those with PHI, the median viral load was higher and the median CD4 + T-cell count lower among the 15 participants with an oral lesion of any type than among the 77 participants without oral lesions (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding suggests that individuals with PHI who have oral lesions may be more likely to transmit HIV because of their higher viral load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Owotade
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shiboski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ramstead
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malvin
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Greenspan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000453:epidemiology; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000145:classification; D014860:Warts / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral