title: Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with preterm rupture of the membranes: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE I trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ORACLE I trial compared the use of erythromycin and/or amoxicillin-clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) with that of placebo for women with preterm rupture of the membranes without overt signs of clinical infection, by use of a factorial randomised design. The aim of the present study--the ORACLE Children Study I--was to determine the long-term effects on children of these interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed children at age 7 years born to the 4148 women who had completed the ORACLE I trial and who were eligible for follow-up with a structured parental questionnaire to assess the child's health status. Functional impairment was defined as the presence of any level of functional impairment (severe, moderate, or mild) derived from the mark III Multi-Attribute Health Status classification system. Educational outcomes were assessed with national curriculum test results for children resident in England.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome was determined for 3298 (75%) eligible children. There was no difference in the proportion of children with any functional impairment after prescription of erythromycin, with or without co-amoxiclav, compared with those born to mothers who received no erythromycin (594 [38.3%] of 1551 children vs 655 [40.4%] of 1620; odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.05) or after prescription of co-amoxiclav, with or without erythromycin, compared with those born to mothers who received no co-amoxiclav (645 [40.6%] of 1587 vs 604 [38.1%] of 1584; 1.11, 0.96-1.28). Neither antibiotic had a significant effect on the overall level of behavioural difficulties experienced, on specific medical conditions, or on the proportions of children achieving each level in reading, writing, or mathematics at key stage one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prescription of antibiotics for women with preterm rupture of the membranes seems to have little effect on the health of children at 7 years of age.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  UK Medical Research Council.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Sciences Section, Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. oracle@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kenyon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brocklehurst
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D046688:Child Mortality; D002669:Child Welfare; D004522:Educational Status; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D034161:Pelvic Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004917:Erythromycin; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination