title: Dysregulation of local stem/progenitor cells as a common cellular mechanism for heterotopic ossification.
abstract: Heterotopic ossification (HO), the abnormal formation of true marrow-containing bone within extraskeletal soft tissues, is a serious bony disorder that may be either acquired or hereditary. We utilized an animal model of the genetic disorder fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva to examine the cellular mechanisms underlying HO. We found that HO in these animals was triggered by soft tissue injuries and that the effects were mediated by macrophages. Spreading of HO beyond the initial injury site was mediated by an abnormal adaptive immune system. These observations suggest that dysregulation of local stem/progenitor cells could be a common cellular mechanism for typical HO irrespective of the signal initiating the bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA. l-kan@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Yijie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tammy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Diana M Palila
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Rajeshwar B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Awatramani
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dymecki
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019070:Cell Lineage; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase