title: Development of a photosystem II-based optical microfluidic sensor for herbicide detection.
abstract: Herbicides are highly toxic for both human and animal health. The increased application of herbicides in agriculture during the last decades has resulted in the contamination of both soil and water. Herbicides, under illumination, can inhibit photosystem II electron transfer. Photosynthetic membranes isolated from higher plants and photosynthetic micro-organisms, immobilized and stabilized, can serve as a biorecognition element for a biosensor. The inhibition of photosystem II causes a reduced photoinduced production of hydrogen peroxide, which can be measured by a chemiluminescence reaction with luminol and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. In the present work, a compact and portable sensing device that combines the production and detection of hydrogen peroxide in a single flow assay is proposed for herbicide detection.
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Varsamis
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Touloupakis
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morlacchi
authors.forename: Demetrios F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Ghanotakis
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Giardi
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008280:Magnetics; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000378:metabolism; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide