title: Dynamic interaction involved in the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the static and dynamic morphological characteristics of the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure by ultrasound cystourethrography.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2005 to December 2006, 98 consecutive women who had undergone the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedures alone or with concomitant pelvic surgery were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative morphological assessments of lower urinary tract and tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure tape were performed by introital ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting and straining bladder neck angles as well as the resting tape angle gradually increased postoperatively while the resting bladder neck distance and total urethral length decreased. The vector of the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure tape was significantly correlated with the resting tape distance (r = 0.55, p <0.01). The tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure tape migrated distally with time but remained in the same position relative to the urethra (60th percentile). Concomitant pelvic surgery did not affect the position and motion of the bladder neck or tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure tape except for mesh reinforcement anterior colporrhaphy in which the tape was displaced proximally. Postoperatively 5 types of urethral descent in relation to the tape during stress were seen. One type of vertical and 1 type of rotational urethral descent during straining were observed in women in whom surgery failed, while 2 other types of vertical and 1 of rotational descent were not associated with failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dynamic interaction between the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure tape and urethra depends on the proximity of the tape and the type of urethral descent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jenn-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shwu-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011336:Probability; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011859:Radiography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016482:Urinalysis; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*