title: Chromosomal instability is a risk factor for poor prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue from Korean patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we sought to evaluate the prognostic importance of chromosomal instability (CIN) in adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung. The relationship between CIN detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and survival in AC patients was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three surgical specimens of lung AC were analyzed. To identify tumors with CIN, p16 and multi-target DNA FISH assays for c-myc, chromosome 6, EGFR, and chromosome 5 (LAVysion, Vysis) were performed on nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Survival rates were compared in terms of sex, age, histology, T factor, N factor, CIN, and smoking status. A sample was classified as CIN-positive if at least three of the five chromosomes were positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 63 specimens, 32 (39.7%) were CIN-positive. The 5-year overall disease-free survival rate was 58.7% as a whole, 46.9% for CIN-positive patients and 71.0% for the CIN-negative patients [hazard ratio (HR), 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-5.26; p = 0.04]. The 5-year overall survival rate was 81.0%, 68.7% for CIN-positive patients and 93.5% for the CIN-negative patients (HR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.23-25.70; p = 0.026). In multivariate analysis after adjusting for pathologic nodal staging, tumor staging, sex, age, and smoking history, compared with the CIN-negative patients, the CIN-positive status remained significantly associated with decreased overall survival (HR, 8.48; 95% CI, 1.66-43.42; p = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIN can be effectively detected in primary AC of lung using FISH analysis. CIN is associated with poor prognosis for AC, and may thus be utilized as an independent prognostic factor for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Yeon-Mok
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Tae-Sun
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Woo Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Soon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Do
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007723:Korea; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C489427:MYC protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors