title: Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian and Italian obese adolescents: a comparison study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence between different populations in obese adolescents is scanty to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the MS prevalence and related risk factors in Brazilian and Italian obese adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 509 adolescents (110 Brazilian, 399 Italian), aged 15-19 years. Anthropometric characteristics, triglycerides (TG), total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood pressure were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score were not significantly different between the two subgroups. BMI z-score, TG, FPG, HOMA-IR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly higher in boys than in girls both in Brazilian and Italian adolescents, while HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in boys than in girls. No significant differences were observed in BMI, LDL and total-cholesterol and DBP in two genders and groups. Insulin, FPG, HOMA-IR and TG were significantly higher, while LDL-cholesterol and SBP were significantly lower in Brazilian than in Italian subjects, both in males and females. HDL and total-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were not significantly different between the two subgroups and genders. MS prevalence was higher in Brazilian than in Italian obese boys (34.8 vs. 23.6%, p < 0.001) and girls (15.6 vs. 12.5%, p < 0.01). The most frequently altered parameter was HOMA-IR both in subjects with MS (100% in Brazilian and 81.8% in Italian) and without MS (42.9% and 11.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome represents a worldwide emerging health problem in different ethnical populations, the alterations of the risk factors related to MS (different in their prevalence between different subgroups) being strictly linked to the degree of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caranti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazzer
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dâmaso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agosti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zennaro
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartorio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult