title: Health investigations of depleted-uranium clean-up workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The soil contaminated by depleted uranium (238U) ammunition during the NATO bombing of Serbia and Montenegro was cleaned-up for four months in 2002. A team of 11 clean-up workers (expert members) were medically examined three times: before decontamination as a preliminary medical check-up, immediately after decontamination, and four years after cleaning up contaminated ground.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This short report presents investigations and health risk assessments of clean-up workers in radioactive decontamination operations and an assessment of the environmental health perspectives for citizens living in surrounding areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method of initial health disorders was used, analyzing the most sensitive biological materials, such as blood cells or chromosome damage, DNA strand breaks, radio-toxicological examination of urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of blood cells did not change, but variations of the relative number (percentage) of cells in the leukocyte formula were observed. The total number of DNA alterations was higher immediately after decontamination than before decontamination. Four years after decontamination the number of DNA alterations had decreased. However, the number of damaged cells (lymphocytes containing chromosome lesions) was higher in both medical examinations, immediately after and four years after decontamination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease or tumours due to 238U did not develop in the group of depleted uranium clean-up workers during the investigation period of four years. Further monitoring of haematological and chromosomal effects and the health condition of workers is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Medical Faculty of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. m.masha@beotel.net
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milacic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D054548:Montenegro; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014501:Uranium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D014857:Warfare; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium