title: Massive bilateral pleural effusion associated with use of pioglitazone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that decreases insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it has been associated with fluid retention, peripheral edema, and congestive heart failure, which has become of particular concern. There are no reports in the literature of severe pleural effusions in a patient with normal cardiac function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old Asian woman weighing 77 kg developed massive bilateral pleural effusion after receiving pioglitazone (30 mg QD) in combination with glimepiride 2 mg BID and metformin 500 mg TID. Despite treatment with furosemide (20 mg intravenously at 12-hour intervals for 4 days) and a decrease in weight from 77 to 72 kg, the effusion persisted. However, it began to decrease after pioglitazone was discontinued, and it had resolved completely when the patient was evaluated on follow-up 1 month later in the outpatient department.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article reports a case of massive bilateral pleural effusion found in a patient with normal cardiac function who was receiving pioglitazone. After the drug was discontinued, the effusion resolved completely, indicating a probable adverse drug reaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Chou
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Han-Hsiang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D005665:Furosemide; D000077205:Pioglitazone