title: Effects of amitriptyline on gastric sensorimotor function and postprandial symptoms in healthy individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants have been used to treat chronic somatic and gastrointestinal pain disorders, including refractory functional dyspepsia. However, there are only limited data on the effects of these drugs on upper gastrointestinal function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two doses of amitriptyline (AMT) and placebo on gastric accommodation, emptying, satiation, and postprandial symptoms in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 41 healthy volunteers were randomized to AMT 25 mg, AMT 50 mg, or placebo for 2 wk. During the final 3 days of therapy, the following end points were assessed: fasting and postprandial gastric volumes, 2- and 4-h gastric emptying, time and volume to maximum satiation using a nutrient drink test, and postprandial symptoms 30 min later using 10-cm visual analog scales. AMT and metabolite levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMT slowed gastric emptying at 2 h (median 75% for placebo, 57% for AMT 25 mg, 67% for AMT 50 mg; P= 0.037) and 4 h (median 98% for placebo, 96% for AMT 25 mg, 92% for AMT 50 mg; P= 0.003). AMT did not affect gastric volumes or satiation volume, but it did reduce nausea scores at 30 min in a dose-dependent manner (median 2.1 for placebo, 0.9 for AMT 25 mg, and 0.0 for AMT 50 mg; P= 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy volunteers, AMT slows gastric emptying of solids, but it does not significantly affect gastric volumes or satiation. AMT reduces nausea after challenge with a high calorie liquid load.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32211, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Bouras
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Duane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Crook
authors.forename: Elliott
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline