title: Effects of oral consumption of the green tea polyphenol EGCG in a murine model for human Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Protection of glandular cells from autoimmune-induced damage would be of significant clinical benefit to Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and autoantigen-inhibitory properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if EGCG protects against certain autoimmune-induced pathological changes in the salivary glands of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model for SS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were provided with either water or water containing 0.2% EGCG. At the age of 8, 16 and 22 weeks, submandibular salivary gland tissue and serum samples were collected for pathological and serological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the salivary glands of the water-fed group at the age of 16 weeks, while the EGCG group showed reduced lymphocyte infiltration. By 22 weeks of age, water-fed animals demonstrated elevated levels of apoptotic activity within the lymphocytic infiltrates, and high levels of serum total anti-nuclear antibody, compared to EGCG-fed animals. Remarkably, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 levels in the salivary glands of water-fed NOD mice were significantly elevated in comparison to BALB/c control mice; in contrast, PCNA and Ki-67 levels in EGCG-fed NOD animals were similar to BALB/c mice. These results indicate that EGCG protects the NOD mouse submandibular glands from autoimmune-induced inflammation, and reduces serum autoantibody levels. Abnormal proliferation, rather than apoptosis, appears to be a characteristic of the NOD mouse gland that is normalized by EGCG. The evidence suggests that EGCG could be useful in delaying or managing SS-like autoimmune disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, US Army Fort Gordon, Fort Gordon, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodani
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Kalu U E
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Ogbureke
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Camba
authors.forename: Mengjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.forename: Tin-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bisch
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharawy
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate