title: Predictors of severity and survival in acute pancreatitis: validation of the efficacy of early warning scores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early Warning Scores (EWS) is a widely used scoring system monitoring patient progress, which we have previously shown to predict outcome from acute pancreatitis. This study examined EWS from a larger group of patients to confirm if this predictive value held true.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EWS scores were compared with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, modified organ dysfunction scores, Imrie scores, computed tomography grading scores, and Ranson criteria for 181 admissions with acute pancreatitis. The accuracy of EWS in predicting outcome was determined by receiver operator characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 181 patients were identified with acute pancreatitis. On day 1 of admission, APACHE II scores were the most accurate predictor of mortality with an area under curve (AUC) values of 0.876, closely followed by EWS (AUC, 0.827). By day 2 and 3 after admission, the EWS was the most accurate predictor of mortality (AUC, 0.910 and 0.934, respectively). The APACHE II was the second most accurate scoring system at 48 and 72 hours (AUC, 0.892 and 0.911, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EWSs on days 2 and 3 after admission are sensitive and specific in predicting mortality from acute pancreatitis. It is as accurate as the APACHE II scores and easier to implement in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom. gg43@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcea
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gouda
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hebbes
authors.forename: Seok Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: David Paul
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult