title: The impact of urinary stress incontinence in young and middle-age women practising recreational sports activity: an epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of urinary stress incontinence (USI) in menstruating women practising recreational sports activity, to detect specific sports with a stronger association with urinary incontinence (UI) and to evaluate risk factors possibly related to this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-competitive sports organisations in the province of Varese, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  679 women of fertile age, practising recreational sports activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous questionnaire on UI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire included questions about patients' general characteristics, occurrence of UI in relation to sport or daily general activities, time of onset of this condition, frequency of leakage episodes, correlation of incontinence with types of movements or sports, subjective impression of being limited on such occasions and/or necessity to modify the type of sport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UI was reported by 101 women (14.9%). Of these, 32 (31.7%) complained of UI only during sports activity, 48 (47.5%) only during daily life and 21 (20.8%) in both circumstances. Body mass index and parity were significantly associated with the risk of UI. Looking at the different sports activities, a higher rate of incontinence was found in women participating in basketball (16.6%), athletics (15%), and tennis or squash (11%). 10.4% of women abandoned their favourite sport, because of USI, and a further 20% limited the way they practised their favourite sport to reduce leakage episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female UI affects a significant proportion of young women practising non-competitive sports activity; it can cause abandonment of the sport or limitation of its practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Insubria, Via Ciro Menotti 76, Varese, Italy. stefanosalvatore@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laterza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uccella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torella
authors.forename: P-F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Bolis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011998:Recreation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult