title: CpG island methylator phenotype associates with low-degree chromosomal abnormalities in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aberrant promoter methylation and genomic instability occur frequently during colorectal cancer development. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) has been shown to associate with microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation and is often found in the right-side colon. Nevertheless, the relative importance of CIMP and chromosomal instability (CIN) for tumorigenesis has yet to be thoroughly investigated in sporadic colorectal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined CIMP in 161 primary colorectal cancers and 66 matched normal mucosae using a quantitative bisulfite/PCR/ligase detection reaction (LDR)/Universal Array assay. The validity of CIMP was confirmed in a subset of 60 primary tumors using MethyLight assay and five independent markers. In parallel, CIN was analyzed in the same study cohort using Affymetrix 50K Human Mapping arrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The identified CIMP-positive cancers correlate with microsatellite instability (P = 0.075) and the BRAF mutation V600E (P = 0.00005). The array-based high-resolution analysis of chromosomal aberrations indicated that the degree of aneuploidy is spread over a wide spectrum among analyzed colorectal cancers. Whether CIN was defined by copy number variations in selected microsatellite loci (criterion 1) or considered as a continuous variable (criterion 2), CIMP-positive samples showed a strong correlation with low-degree chromosomal aberrations (P = 0.075 and P = 0.012, respectively). Similar correlations were observed when CIMP was determined by MethyLight assay (P = 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIMP-positive tumors generally possess lower chromosomal aberrations, which may only be revealed using a genome-wide approach. The significant difference in the degree of chromosomal aberrations between CIMP-positive and the remainder of samples suggests that epigenetic (CIMP) and genetic (CIN) abnormalities may arise from independent molecular mechanisms of tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pincas
authors.forename: Manny D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bacolod
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schemmann
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Idrees
authors.forename: Sajid A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Zhaoshi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Notterman
authors.forename: Jurg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paty
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barany
mesh_terms: D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf