title: Structural findings in the basal ganglia in genetically determined and idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
abstract: A bilateral compensatory increase of basal ganglia (BG) gray matter value (GMV) was recently demonstrated in asymptomatic Parkin mutation carriers, who likely have an increased risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized BG morphological changes in symptomatic Parkin mutation carriers (sPARKIN-MC) and idiopathic PD patients (iPD) after the occurrence of PD symptoms, reflecting the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms. Nine sPARKIN-MC, 14 iPD, and 24 controls were studied clinically and with voxel-based morphometry. Analysis of variance revealed mainly BG decrease of GMV in sPARKIN-MC and to a lesser extent in iPD. However, a slight increase in GMV was also found in the right globus pallidus externus in sPARKIN-MC and in the right putamen in iPD. This may reflect a structural correlate of functional compensation that can only partially be maintained when nigrostriatal neurodegeneration becomes manifest. Simple regression analyses with the UPDRS-III and disease duration score revealed a distinct more bilateral linear decrease of BG GMV in sPARKIN-MC than in iPD that may correspond to previous findings showing a symmetric reduction in putaminal (18)F-DOPA-uptake and bilateral manifestation of symptoms in sPARKIN-MC. In symptomatic PD, BG are subject to a progressive atrophy, which gradually increases with disease severity and duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reetz
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaser
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pramstaller
authors.forename: Hartwig R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Siebner
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Binkofski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011699:Putamen / Q000473:pathology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein