title: Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare current hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening practices with the published 2002 American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Patterns (PPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multiple-choice survey was distributed to 105 ophthalmologists to assess current screening practices and knowledge of patient risk factors. Results were compared with the PPP guidelines. A cost analysis of the PPP and survey paradigms was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven (64%) of 105 surveys were completed. The majority (90%) of physicians screen for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy with either central automated threshold perimetry or Amsler grid as recommended by the PPP. Most survey respondents could not correctly identify the evidence-based risk factors. The majority screen more frequently than recommended: 87% screen high-risk patients and 94% screen low-risk patients more frequently than recommended in the PPP. The increased screening frequency of low-risk patients translates into an excess of $44 million in the first 5 years of therapy. If all patients were screened using exact PPP paradigm, savings could exceed $150 million every 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ophthalmologists currently screen for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy correctly; however, their lack of familiarity with evidence-based guidelines may result in excessive follow-up. Increasing awareness and implementation of the PPP could potentially reduce hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening costs significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Semmer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine