title: [Study on differentiation of embryonic stem cells into osteoblast in vitro inducing by 1,25(OH)2VD3].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2VD3 on differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoblasts were isolated and cultured from calvarium of 2-day-old Kunming white mice, embryoid bodies (EBs) were prepared with modified zur Nieden method. EBs were divided into 4 groups according to different mediums: group A, as the control group, in which EBs medium contained no leukemia inhibitory factor; group B, in which EBs medium contained supplements of Vitamin C (VC, 50 microg/mL) and beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP, 50 mmol/L); group C, in which EBs medium was the same as that of group B and 5 x 10(4) osteoblasts of 3rd passage were seeded into each well; group D, in which the medium contained supplements of VC (50 microg/mL), beta-GP (50 mmol/L) and 1,25(OH)2VD3 (4 x 10(-9) mol/L), and 5 x 10(4) osteoblasts of 3rd passage were seeded into each well. The ALP activity was determined by ALP reagent kit every 5 days. The RQ-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expressions of osteocalcin (OCN). Alizarin red S staining was performed to count the bone nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of ALP witnessed no obvious change in each group within 5 days after adherence of EBs, but increased gradually after 5 days. The expression of ALP in group D reached the peak at 20 days. Red nodules with clear outline and different sizes were evident by microscope. Alizarin red S staining testified the number of bone nodules in groups A, B, C and D was 20 +/- 8, 18 +/- 5, 31 +/- 1 and 50 +/- 1, respectively, indicating significant differences between groups C, D and groups A, B (P < 0.05), no significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05), and a significant difference between group C and group D (P < 0.05). The result of RQ-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of OCN in groups A, B, C and D was 10.18 +/- 1.17, 20.29 +/- 1.03, 18.84 +/- 4.07 and 32.15 +/- 5.23, respectively, indicating significant differences between groups C, D and groups A, B (P < 0.05), no significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05), and a significant difference between group C and group D (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined action of 1,25(OH)2VD3 (4 x 10(-9) mol/L), VC, and beta-GP can effectively promote the differentiation of the ESCs-derived osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Vocational and Technical College of Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang Liaoning, 110122, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xueyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fengtao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhongying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D002117:Calcitriol