Spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods as lithium ion battery cathodes.
Spinel LiMn2O4 is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly abundant material for Li-ion battery cathodes. Here, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline beta-MnO2 nanorods and their chemical conversion into free-standing single-crystalline LiMn2O4 nanorods using a simple solid-state reaction. The LiMn2O4 nanorods have an average diameter of 130 nm and length of 1.2 microm. Galvanostatic battery testing showed that LiMn2O4 nanorods have a high charge storage capacity at high power rates compared with commercially available powders. More than 85% of the initial charge storage capacity was maintained for over 100 cycles. The structural transformation studies showed that the Li ions intercalated into the cubic phase of the LiMn2O4 with a small change of lattice parameter, followed by the coexistence of two nearly identical cubic phases in the potential range of 3.5 to 4.3 V.
Kim
Do Kyung
DK
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
Muralidharan
P
P
Lee
Hyun-Wook
HW
Ruffo
Riccardo
R
Yang
Yuan
Y
Chan
Candace K
CK
Peng
Hailin
H
Huggins
Robert A
RA
Cui
Yi
Y
D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D007477:Ions; D010087:Oxides; C488552:lithium manganese oxide; D008345:Manganese; D008094:Lithium