title: A randomized trial to determine the impact on compliance of a psychophysical peripheral cue based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-compliance in clinical studies is a significant issue, but causes remain unclear. Utilizing the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, this study assessed the psychophysical peripheral cue 'Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) call frequency' on compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  71 participants were randomized to once daily (OD), twice daily (BID) or three times daily (TID) call schedules over two weeks. Participants completed 30-item cognitive function tests at each call. Compliance was defined as proportion of expected calls within a narrow window (+/- 30 min around scheduled time), and within a relaxed window (-30 min to +4 h). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and pairwise comparisons adjusted by the Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a relationship between call frequency and compliance. Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparisons showed significantly higher compliance (p=0.03) for the BID (51.0%) than TID (30.3%) for the narrow window; for the extended window, compliance was higher (p=0.04) with OD (59.5%), than TID (38.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IVRS psychophysical peripheral cue call frequency supported the ELM as a route to persuasion. The results also support OD strategy for optimal compliance. Models suggest specific indicators to enhance compliance with medication dosing and electronic patient diaries to improve health outcomes and data integrity respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. Rachael.horton@btconnect.com
authors.forename: Rachael Jane
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minniti
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mireylees
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McEntegart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010379:Peer Group; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011601:Psychophysics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires