title: 4-Diazopyrazole derivatives as potential new antibiofilm agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recognition that chronic infections and infections associated with medical devices are biofilm related has been the impulse for investigating the antibiofilm properties of some diazopyrazoles biologically active as antimicrobials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilms was determined at concentrations ranging from 25 to 1.5 microg/ml using crystal violet and methylthiazotetrazolium (MTT) staining. In the case of Candida albicans, we first assessed the anti-germ tube formation effect of 4-NO2 (compound 1c) and then we evaluated its antibiofilm activity at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6.2 microg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the compounds were active against reference staphylococcal biofilm strains at the maximum tested concentration of 25 microg/ml; despite its remarkable activity as germ tube inhibitor, compound 1c showed weak activity against C. albicans biofilms at 100 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4-Diazopyrazoles represent an interesting source of antimicrobial compounds in the development of new antibiofilm agents.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia. dschill@unipa.it
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schillaci
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: Demetrio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raffa
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daidone
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascioferro
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cusimano
authors.forename: Maria Valeria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Raimondi
mesh_terms: D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D011720:Pyrazoles