title: Cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle causing sudden death: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: A 15 years old girl of African origin was admitted with a history of headaches and a generalised tonic seizure. Her clinical examination including fundoscopy was normal. She claimed she had been assaulted. Within a few hours of her admission she was found dead in her bed during the ward round. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful. At post-mortem, the major organs showed no pathological changes and neck dissection showed no abnormality. Neuropathological examination after formalin fixation revealed a cystic lesion in the fourth ventricle, ependymitis and acute hydrocephalus. Histology showed parts of the parasite Taenia solium and the diagnosis was neurocysticercosis. This case highlights the need for forensic and general pathologists as well as forensic medical examiners and paediatricians to be aware of neurocysticercosis as a possible cause of sudden death in the presence of normal clinical findings and negative autopsy, especially in patients from Asian, African or South American countries. As cysticercosis is the commonest cause of seizures in the developing world, neurocysticercosis needs to be considered as a cause of sudden and unexpected death in any patient with a history of headaches and/or seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hortobágyi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhakim
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Biedrzycki
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Djurovic
authors.forename: Jeewan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.forename: Safa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Sarraj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001344:Autopsy; D003645:Death, Sudden; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000473:pathology*