title: Measuring care of the elderly: psychometric testing and modification of the Time in Care instrument for measurement of care needs in nursing homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging entails not only a decrease in the ability to be active, but also a trend toward increased dependence to sustain basic life functions. An important aspect for appropriately elucidating the individual's care needs is the ability to measure them both simply and reliably. Since 2006 a new version of the Time in Care needs (TIC-n) instrument (19-item version) has been explored and used in one additional municipality with the same structure as the one described in an earlier study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TIC-n assessment was conducted on a total of 1282 care recipients. Factor analysis (principal component) was applied to explore the construct validity of the TIC-n. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to test reliability and for each of the items remaining in the instrument after factor analysis, an inter-rater comparison was carried out on all recipients in both municipalities. Independently of each other, a weighted Kappa (Kw) was calculated. Results. The mean of each weighted Kappa (Kw) for the dimensions in the two municipalities was 0.75 and 0.76, respectively. Factor analysis showed that all 19 items had a factor loading of >or=0.40. Three factors (General Care, Medical Care and Cognitive Care) were created.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TIC-n instrument has now been tested for validity and reliability in two municipalities with satisfactory results. However, TIC-n can not yet be used as a golden standard, but it can be recommended for use of measurement of individual care needs in municipal elderly care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Section of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Kajsa.Thorsell@hassleholm.se
authors.forename: Kajsa B E
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Thorsell
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Bengt V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Sivberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015588:Observer Variation; D005791:Patient Care / Q000379:methods; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D011336:Probability; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D017749:Total Quality Management