title: Comparative evaluation of two ivermectin injectable formulations against psoroptic mange in feedlot cattle.
abstract: A study was carried out to compare the efficacy of two injectable formulations of ivermectin, Ivomec,(1) Merial (IVM reference) and Ivogell,(2) Intervet (IVM generic) in the treatment of psoroptic mange (Psoroptes ovis) in Charollais feedlot cattle. A total of 22 animals were ranked in order of the severity of mange and allocated to 11 replicates of 2 animals each. Within each replicate, one animal was randomly allocated to IVM reference product treatment (Group 1) and one to IVM generic (Group 2). Animals were treated on Day 0 and on Day 8 at the recommended dosage of 200 microg ivermectin/kg bodyweight. The pharmacokinetics profiles (pK) of both IVM formulations were evaluated in plasma samples taken from 6 cattle randomly chosen per group on Day 0, before treatment, and then at 6, 12, 24 hours and daily from Day 2 to Day 7 after the treatment on Day 0. Additionally, the severity of mange lesions was assessed and mites were counted in skin scrapings on Days 0, 8, 15 and 25. Animals were weighed on Day 0 and 25 and body weight and average daily gains (ADG) were evaluated. No statistical differences were found between the cattle of the two groups in any pK parameters, although the mean IVM plasma concentrations in cattle treated with the IVM reference product were consistently higher than those found in cattle treated with the generic compound. By Day 25, all animals in Group 1 had recovered clinically and parasitologically from psoroptic mange while cattle from Group 2 still had mange lesions and, in two animals, living mites were found in the skin scrapings; these differences were significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight of the two groups was significantly different on Day 25 (P<0.01) when animals in Group 1 weighed 20 kg more than those in Group 2. In conclusion, despite similarities in their pharmacokinetic profiles and formulations, the clinical efficacy of the two injectable formulations of IVM differed significantly in their therapeutic efficacy against psoroptic mange in feedlot cattle up to 25 days after treatment: this difference in response was reflected in an incomplete clinical and parasitological response in Group 2 and a slower growth rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, University of Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy. claudio.genchi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genchi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvinerie
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonfanti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genchi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandoni
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sgoifo Rossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D040042:Psoroptidae; D011897:Random Allocation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007559:Ivermectin