title: Skin conductance versus the modified COMFORT sedation score as a measure of discomfort in artificially ventilated children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to use skin conductance as a measure of increased stress in artificially ventilated children. The aim was to examine how changes in skin conductance, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate are associated with changes in the modified COMFORT sedation score during suction from the trachea. Nociceptive stimulation induces an outgoing sympathetic nervous burst to the skin and the palmar and plantar sweat glands are filled, which creates a skin conductance fluctuation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children who were 1 day to 11 years of age were studied. All patients were artificially ventilated and circulatory stable. The data were obtained before, during, and 10 minutes after endotracheal suction. The number of skin conductance fluctuations, the amplitude of skin conductance fluctuations, the mean skin conductance level, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and the modified COMFORT sedation score were recorded and tested from before to during and from during to after suction in the trachea. RESULTS. The number of skin conductance fluctuations, mean skin conductance level, arterial blood pressure, and the modified COMFORT sedation score increased during suction in the trachea, in contrast to heart rate and amplitude of skin conductance fluctuations. The number of skin conductance fluctuations from before to during and from during to after endotracheal suctioning correlated with changes in the modified COMFORT sedation score. This was in contrast to the other variables that did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of skin conductance fluctuations during endotracheal suctioning showed better correlation with the increase in the modified COMFORT sedation score than heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Thus, the number of skin conductance fluctuations seems to be an objective supplement to the modified COMFORT sedation score for monitoring increased stress in artificially ventilated and circulatory stable children.
authors.affiliation: Skills Training Center, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. acg@online.no
authors.forename: Ann Christin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gjerstad
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Thore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henrichsen
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Storm
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000592:standards*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*