title: S-nitrosylated S100A8: novel anti-inflammatory properties.
abstract: S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endothelial cells, are secreted during inflammatory processes. Our earlier studies showed S100A8 to be an avid scavenger of oxidants, and, together with its dependence on IL-10 for expression in macrophages, we postulated that this protein has a protective role. S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates NO transport, cell signaling, and homeostasis. Relatively few proteins are targets of S-nitrosylation. To date, no inflammation-associated proteins with NO-shuttling capacity have been identified. We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to show that S100A8 and S100A9 were readily S-nitrosylated by NO donors. S-nitrosylated S100A8 (S100A8-SNO) was the preferred nitrosylated product. No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala. S100A8-SNO in human neutrophils treated with NO donors was confirmed by the biotin switch assay. The stable adduct transnitrosylated hemoglobin, indicating a role in NO transport. S100A8-SNO suppressed mast cell activation by compound 48/80; intravital microscopy was used to demonstrate suppression of leukocyte adhesion and extravasation triggered by compound 48/80 in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Although S100A8 is induced in macrophages by LPS or IFN-gamma, the combination, which activates inducible NO synthase, did not induce S100A8. Thus, the antimicrobial functions of NO generated under these circumstances would not be compromised by S100A8. Our results suggest that S100A8-SNO may regulate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation, and suppression of mast cell-mediated inflammation represents an additional anti-inflammatory property for S100A8.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Su Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raftery
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Wei Xing
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hseih
authors.forename: Ralph N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Des
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geczy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000276:immunology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006454:Hemoglobins; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016877:Oxidants; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D003545:Cysteine