title: A channel connecting the mother cell and forespore during bacterial endospore formation.
abstract: At an early stage during Bacillus subtilis endospore development the bacterium divides asymmetrically to produce two daughter cells. The smaller cell (forespore) differentiates into the endospore, while the larger cell (mother cell) becomes a terminally differentiated cell that nurtures the developing forespore. During development the mother cell engulfs the forespore to produce a protoplast, surrounded by two bilayer membranes, which separate it from the cytoplasm of the mother cell. The activation of sigma(G), which drives late gene expression in the forespore, follows forespore engulfment and requires expression of the spoIIIA locus in the mother cell. One of the spoIIIA-encoded proteins SpoIIIAH is targeted specifically to the membrane surrounding the forespore, through an interaction of its C-terminal extracellular domain with the C-terminal extracellular domain of the forespore membrane protein SpoIIQ. We identified a homologous relationship between the C-terminal domain of SpoIIIAH and the YscJ/FliF protein family, members of which form multimeric rings involved in type III secretion systems and flagella. If SpoIIIAH forms a similar ring structure, it may also form a channel between the mother cell and forespore membranes. To test this hypothesis we developed a compartmentalized biotinylation assay, which we used to show that the C-terminal extracellular domain of SpoIIIAH is accessible to enzymatic modification from the forespore cytoplasm. These and other results lead us to suggest that SpoIIIAH forms part of a channel between the forespore and mother cell that is required for the activation of sigma(G).
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meisner
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Adriano O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019921:Biotinylation; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C075661:Flif protein, Bacteria; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C030069:spore-specific proteins, Bacillus; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C058125:birA protein, E coli