title: Combined neuroimaging, neurocognitive and psychiatric factors to predict alcohol consumption following treatment for alcohol dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resumption of hazardous drinking after treatment is common in alcohol use disorders (AUD). This study examined the ability of multimodality magnetic resonance, neurocognitive, psychiatric and demographic, to predict alcohol consumption after treatment for AUD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy treatment-seeking participants completed 1.5T magnetic resonance studies, yielding regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) surrogate markers of neuronal integrity (N-acetylaspartate: NAA) and cell membrane turnover/synthesis (choline: Cho), assessment of major psychiatric disorders and comprehensive neurocognitive assessment after approximately 1 month of abstinence. Participants were followed up 6-12 months after treatment and classified as Abstainers (no alcohol consumption; n=26) and Resumers (any alcohol consumption; n=44). Abstainers and Resumers were contrasted on various outcome measures, and those that significantly differed between groups were entered as factors in a logistical regression model to predict drinking status at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following variables were independent predictors of resumption of drinking: temporal GM NAA, frontal WM NAA, frontal GM Cho, processing speed and comorbid unipolar mood disorder. With each standard deviation unit decrease in temporal GM NAA, frontal WM NAA, frontal GM Cho and processing speed, the odds of resumption of drinking were increased 3.1, 3.3, 6.4 and 14.2 times, respectively. Diagnosis of a unipolar mood disorder was associated with 14.5-fold increased odds of resumed drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that Resumers, relative to Abstainers, demonstrated greater abnormalities in anterior frontal-subcortical circuits involved in mood and behavioral regulation, and development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders, The magnetic resonance-derived variables used in this study may provide additional information regarding the prediction and neurobiological correlates of resumption of hazardous drinking.
authors.affiliation: Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease (114M), San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Department of Radiology, University of California, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco CA 94121, USA. timothy.durazzo@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Durazzo
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gazdzinski
authors.forename: Ping-Hong
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Dieter J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000592:standards; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000592:standards; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology*