title: Association between hepatitis B virus and pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are considered to be hepatotropic and are a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the role of HBV and HCV infection in other malignancies. This study aimed to determine whether HBV and HCV infections increase the risk for pancreatic cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  At The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, we recruited 476 patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and 879 age-, sex-, and race-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were tested for the presence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs). The positive samples were retested by two confirmatory tests. An unconditional multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-HCV was positive in seven cases (1.5%) and nine controls (1%). Anti-HBc was positive in 36 cases (7.6%) and 28 controls (3.2%). The estimated AORs and 95% CIs were as follows: anti-HCV-positive, 0.9 (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8), anti-HBc-positive, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.2), anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-positive, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2), and anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-negative, 4 (95% CI, 1.4 to 11.1). Risk modification by past exposure to HBV was observed among diabetics (AOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.7 to 28.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Past exposure to HBV may be associated with pancreatic cancer development. Should such findings be confirmed by other studies, it may offer important insights into the etiology of pancreatic cancer and may suggest the need to consider prevention of HBV reactivation among patients with HBV-related pancreatic cancer during chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Manal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Adel S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Deeb
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology