title: The impact of peripheral vascular disease on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although peripheral vascular disease is known to negatively affect overall survival, its effects on survival after surgical myocardial revascularization have not been well described. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of peripheral vascular disease on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed records of 1,164 consecutive patients (370 with peripheral vascular disease and 794 without it) who underwent primary isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 1997 and 2007. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze variables associated with early outcomes. We assessed long-term survival by using Kaplan-Meier curves generated by log-rank tests, adjusting for confounding factors with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with peripheral vascular disease were generally sicker and had more comorbidities than patients without peripheral vascular disease. The presence of peripheral vascular disease does not predict increased rates of 30-day mortality or major adverse cardiac events. However, after controlling for potential confounding factors, patients with peripheral vascular disease had a significantly worse 9-year survival rate than patients without peripheral vascular disease (72.9% +/- 4.1% versus 82.8% +/- 2.4%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 2.4; p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although peripheral vascular disease does not affect early outcomes in coronary artery bypass operations, it is an independent predictor of poor long-term survival among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Identifying the mechanism that underlies this difference is important for improving survival in patients with peripheral vascular disease who undergo surgical myocardial revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. dchumd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Faisal G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bakaeen
authors.forename: Xing Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tam K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: LeMaire
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coselli
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome