title: ZNF198 stabilizes the LSD1-CoREST-HDAC1 complex on chromatin through its MYM-type zinc fingers.
abstract: Histone modifications in chromatin regulate gene expression. A transcriptional co-repressor complex containing LSD1-CoREST-HDAC1 (termed LCH hereafter for simplicity) represses transcription by coordinately removing histone modifications associated with transcriptional activation. RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) recruits LCH to the promoters of neuron-specific genes, thereby silencing their transcription in non-neuronal tissues. ZNF198 is a member of a family of MYM-type zinc finger proteins that associate with LCH. Here, we show that ZNF198-like proteins are required for the repression of E-cadherin (a gene known to be repressed by LSD1), but not REST-responsive genes. ZNF198 binds preferentially to the intact LCH ternary complex, but not its individual subunits. ZNF198- and REST-binding to the LCH complex are mutually exclusive. ZNF198 associates with chromatin independently of LCH. Furthermore, modification of HDAC1 by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in vitro weakens its interaction with CoREST whereas sumoylation of HDAC1 stimulates its binding to ZNF198. Finally, we mapped the LCH- and HDAC1-SUMO-binding domains of ZNF198 to tandem repeats of MYM-type zinc fingers. Therefore, our results suggest that ZNF198, through its multiple protein-protein interaction interfaces, helps to maintain the intact LCH complex on specific, non-REST-responsive promoters and may also prevent SUMO-dependent dissociation of HDAC1.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Christian B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gocke
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000737:chemistry; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D002843:Chromatin; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C121019:RCOR1 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111777:ZMYM2 protein, human; D056466:Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; C110550:HDAC1 protein, human; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D006655:Histone Deacetylases