title: CoCl(2) inhibits neural differentiation of retinoic acid-treated embryoid bodies.
abstract: The effects of CoCl(2) on retinoic acid (RA)-treated embryoid bodies (EBs) were investigated. Four-day EBs were treated with 5x10(-6) M of RA for 4 d, then subjected to attached culturing for 7 d in the presence of CoCl(2) at 0, 20, and 100 microM. Differentiation into MAP2- and GFAP-immunopositive cells was inhibited by CoCl(2) in a dose-dependent manner. Next, RA-treated EBs were dissociated into single cells and cultured for 7 d at an initial cell density of 1x10(3)/cm(2). The number of cells increased in a CoCl(2)-dose dependent fashion. In cultures with 100 microM of CoCl(2), more than 90% of the cells were immunopositive for nestin and nestin-immunopositive cells formed clusters, while there were few cells immunopositive for MAP2 or GFAP. These results suggest that CoCl(2) inhibits neural differentiation of RA-treated EB cells and promotes the proliferation of nestin-immunopositive cells, i.e., embryonic stem (ES)-derived neural stem-like cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yukiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouji
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiofuku
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Toshisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D003035:Cobalt; D014212:Tretinoin; C018021:cobaltous chloride