title: Caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk reduces infarct size after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in rats but not in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been suggested to contribute to outcome following myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R). Caspase inhibitors were developed as potential therapeutics for MI/R. However, various reports using the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) in the latter setting present conflicting results. Therefore, it is still unclear whether inhibition of apoptosis by caspase inhibitors promotes cardioprotection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated whether zVAD.fmk or novel caspase inhibitor quinoline-Val-Asp(Ome)-CH2-O-phenoxy (Q-VD-OPh) reduce myocardial infarct size in mice. Secondly, we tested zVAD.fmk's potential infarct-sparing effects in rats and whether these are accompanied by improved left ventricular function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mice neither zVAD.fmk nor Q-VD-OPh reduced infarct size. In rats, however, zVAD.fmk reduced infarct size following ischaemia (25min) and reperfusion (7 days) by approximately 53%. This was, however, accompanied by an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence that abrogation of apoptosis via caspase inhibition might not be sufficient to effectively limit infarct size following MI/R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mersmann
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zacharowski
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zacharowski
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone