title: Speciation analysis of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in blood plasma by hydrophilic interaction chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry.
abstract: The first analytical method for simultaneous speciation analysis of five of the most important gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in blood plasma samples was developed. Gd-DTPA (Magnevist), Gd-BT-DO3A (Gadovist), Gd-DOTA (Dotarem), Gd-DTPA-BMA (Omniscan), and Gd-BOPTA (Multihance) were separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and detected with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Spiking experiments of blank plasma with Magnevist and Gadovist were performed to determine the analytical figures of merit and the recovery rates. The limits of detection ranged from 1 x 10 (-7) to 1 x 10 (-6) mol/L depending on the ionization properties of the individual compounds, and limits of quantification ranged from 5 x 10 (-7) to 5 x 10 (-6) mol/L. The linear concentration range comprised 2 orders of magnitude. With application of this method, blood plasma samples of 10 healthy volunteers, with Magnevist or Gadovist medication, were analyzed for Gd-DTPA and Gd-BT-DO3A, respectively. The obtained results were successfully validated with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
authors.affiliation: University of Munster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Munster, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Künnemeyer
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terborg
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Telgmann
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tokmak
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Günsel
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiesmüller
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reichelt
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium