title: Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into immunostimulatory dendritic cells under feeder-free culture conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to develop a scalable and broadly applicable active immunotherapy approach against cancer, circumventing the limitations typically encountered with autologous vaccination strategies. We hypothesized that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can serve as a virtually unlimited source for generating dendritic cells (DC) with potent antigen-presenting function. Here, we investigated the developmental processes and requirements for generating large numbers of mature, antigen-presenting DC from pluripotent hESC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A feeder cell-free culture system was developed to differentiate hESC into mature DC sequentially through hematopoietic and myeloid precursor stages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using this method, we were able to yield large numbers of mature immunostimulatory DC from hESC to enable clinical investigation. Upon activation, the hESC-derived DC secreted interleukin-12p70, migrated in response to MIP-3beta, and exhibited allostimulatory capacity. Most importantly, antigen-loaded, hESC-derived DC were capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in an HLA class I-matched semiallogeneic assay system. Moreover, HLA class II-mismatched hESC-derived DC induced a potent Th1-type cytokine response without expanding FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest the development of a novel active immunotherapy platform to stimulate potent T-cell immunity in patients with intractable diseases, such as cancer or viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. zhen@urology.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Kyung-Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vieweg
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12