title: Ancient origin of the gene encoding involucrin, a precursor of the cross-linked envelope of epidermis and related epithelia.
abstract: The cross-linked (cornified) envelope is a characteristic product of terminal differentiation in the keratinocyte of the epidermis and related epithelia. This envelope contains many proteins of which involucrin was the first to be discovered and shown to become cross-linked by a cellular transglutaminase. Involucrin has evolved greatly in placental mammals, but retains the glutamine repeats that make it a good substrate for the transglutaminase. Until recently, it has been impossible to detect involucrin outside the placental mammals, but analysis of the GenBank and Ensembl databases that have become available since 2006 reveals the existence of involucrin in marsupials and birds. We describe here the properties of these involucrins and the ancient history of their evolution.
authors.affiliation: Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhoutteghem
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Djian
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D048309:Monodelphis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; C032253:involucrin