title: Effects of PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid and chitosan on Walker carcinosarcoma.
abstract: Porphyrins and new chitosan hydrogels based composites with porphyrins are used as active cytotoxic antitumor agents in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 5-ALA associated with chitosan (CS) using Walker carcinosarcoma in rats as experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were irradiated with red light ( lambda = 685 nm, D = 50 J/cm(2), 15 min) 3 h after i.p. administration of 5-ALA (250 mg/kg b.w.) or a mixture of 5-ALA (250 mg/kg b.w.) and CS (1.5 mg/kg b.w.). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 24 h and 14 days after the treatment. The effects of PDT were investigated by morphological studies, monitoring the 5-ALA induced protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) level in tumor tissue and serum, MMP 2 and 9 (gelatinases) activity in tumor and malondialdehyde level (MDA), marker of the lipoperoxidation process, in tumor and serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zymography revealed an increased activity of MMP 2 in tumors from animals treated with 5-ALA PDT. PDT with 5-ALA induced a higher lipid peroxidation in tumor tissue compared with 5-ALA-CS. CS associated to 5 ALA PDT enhanced the accumulation of PS in tumors inducing earlier necrotic changes. In the same time CS reduced MMP 2 activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MMPs activation and oxygen reactive species are involved in PDT effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. adrianafilip33@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clichici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muresan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daicoviciu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatomir
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Login
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dreve
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gherman
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9