title: Assays on the influence of biomaterials on allogeneic rejection in tissue engineering.
abstract: In tissue engineering, innate responses to biomaterial scaffolds will affect rejection of allogeneic cells. Biomaterials directly influence innate and adaptive immune cell adhesion, reactive oxygen intermediate production, cytokine secretion, nuclear factor-kappa B nuclear translocation, gene expression, and cell surface markers, all of which are likely to affect allogeneic rejection responses. A major goal in tissue engineering is to induce transplant tolerance, potentially by manipulating the biomaterial component. This review describes methods of measuring responses of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells stimulated in vitro and in vivo and addresses key factors in assay development. Such tests include mixed leukocyte reactions, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays, trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assays, and measurement of dendritic cell subsets and anti-donor antibodies; we propose extending these studies to tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. kjones@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines