title: Multiplication of Salmonella enteritidis on the yolk membrane and penetration to the yolk contents at 30 degrees C in an in vitro egg contamination model.
abstract: Refrigeration to limit bacterial multiplication is a critical aspect of efforts to control the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to consumers of contaminated eggs. Although the nutrient-rich yolk interior is an uncommon location for SE contamination in freshly laid, naturally contaminated eggs, migration across the vitelline membrane could lead to rapid bacterial multiplication even when the initial site of deposition is outside the yolk. Multiplication on the yolk membrane (before, or in addition to, multiplication within the yolk contents) could be another source of increased risk to consumers. The present study used an in vitro egg contamination model to compare the abilities of four strains of SE to either multiply in association with the yolk membrane or migrate through that membrane to reach the yolk contents during 36 h of incubation at 30 degrees C. After inoculation onto the exterior surface of intact, whole yolks, all four SE strains penetrated the vitelline membrane to reach the yolk contents (at an overall frequency of 11.5%) after 12 h of incubation. The mean log concentration of SE was significantly higher in whole yolks (including yolk membranes) than in yolk contents at both 12 h (0.818 versus 0.167 CFU/ ml) and 36 h (2.767 versus 1.402 CFU/ml) of incubation. These results demonstrate that SE multiplication on the vitelline membrane may both precede and exceed multiplication resulting from penetration into the yolk contents during the first 36 h of unrefrigerated storage, reinforcing the importance of rapid refrigeration for protecting consumers from egg-transmitted illness.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. Richard.Gast@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: Rupa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guraya
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guard-Bouldin
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D012034:Refrigeration; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014817:Vitelline Membrane / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology