title: Reproducibility and repeatability of measures of milk coagulation properties and predictive ability of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
abstract: The objectives of the study were to estimate the reproducibility and repeatability of milk coagulation properties (MCP) measured by a computerized renneting meter (CRM) and to evaluate the predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) as an innovative technology for the assessment of rennet coagulation time (RCT, min) and curd firmness (a(30), mm). Four samples without addition of preservative (NP) and 4 samples with Bronopol addition (PS) were collected from each of 83 Holstein-Friesian cows. Six hours after collection, 2 replicated measures of MCP were obtained with CRM using 1 NP and 1 PS sample from each cow. Mid-infrared spectra of the remaining NP and PS samples from each animal were recorded after 6 h, 4 d, and 8 d after sampling. Two groups of calibration equations were developed using MIRS spectra and CRM measures of MCP as reference data obtained from analysis of NP and PS, respectively. Reproducibility and repeatability of CRM measures were obtained from REML estimation of variance components on the basis of a linear model including the fixed effects of herd and days in milk class and the random effects of cows, sample treatment (addition or no addition of preservative), and the interaction between cow and sample treatment. Coefficient of reproducibility is an indicator of the agreement between 2 measurements of MCP for the same milk sample preserved with or without addition of Bronopol. Coefficient of repeatability is an indicator of the agreement between repeated measures of MCP. Pearson correlations between MCP measures for NP and PS were 0.97 and 0.83 for RCT and a(30), respectively. Reproducibility of CRM measures under different preserving conditions of milk was 93.5% for RCT and 64.6% for a(30). Repeatabilities of RCT and a(30) measures were 95.7 and 77.3%, respectively. Based on the estimated cross-validation standard errors and coefficients of determination and ratios of standard errors of cross-validation to standard deviation of reference data, the predictive ability of MIRS calibration equations was moderate for RCT and unsatisfactory for a(30.) Predictive ability of equations based on spectra and MCP measures of PS was greater than that of equations based on data of NP. The study did not provide conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of MIRS as a predictive tool for MCP and it requires an enlargement of the variability of milk sampling circumstances. Because the relevance of MIRS predictions in relation to breeding programs for MCP based on indicator traits relies on the genetic variation of MIRS predictions and on phenotypic and genetic correlations between MIRS predictions and MCP measures, additional specific investigations on these topics are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy. riccardo.dalzotto@unipd.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dal Zotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cecchinato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penasa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassandro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carnier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bittante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012085:Chymosin / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: C025350:rennet; D012085:Chymosin