title: An orthotopic nude mouse model for preclinical research of gastric cardia cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clinically relevant animal model for cancer of the esophagogastric junction does not exist. This study aimed to establish an orthotopic mouse model for human gastric cancer of the distal stomach and the gastric cardia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. These donor tumors were harvested after 4 weeks and minced into small tumor fragments. One donor tumor fragment was orthotopically implanted into the submucosa of either gastric cardia or distal stomach in other mice. The animals were killed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after tumor implantation. Volume of the primary tumor and local and systemic tumor spread were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implantation technique resulted in a tumor take rate of 100%. An artificial dissemination of tumor cells into the abdominal cavity due to the procedure was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report for the first time the development of a clinically relevant mouse model for human gastric cancer of the gastric cardia and the distal stomach. Primary tumor growth and local and systemic spread progressed continuously during the observation period and mimic the human situation of this disease. This model may be suitable to evaluate novel treatment strategies for this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Charité School of Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hotz
authors.forename: Heinz J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.forename: Hubert G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hotz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D002299:Cardia / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*