title: [Correlation of the prognosis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with psychological and other factors: a Cox regression analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the role of psychological factors in the etiology and symptomatology of chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), analyze the influence of the psychological obstacles and other relative factors on the prognosis of CP/CPPS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and provide a scientific basis for psychotherapy of the problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 291 CP/CPPS patients and 100 normal controls were investigated in age, education, occupation, character, disease course, NIH chronic prostatitis syndrome index (NIH-CPSI) and leukocyte count in EPS and by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) to establish the psychological factors related with CP/CPPS. Then, all the CP/CPPS patients were treated with the same method and followed up for 6 weeks. Based on the therapeutic results, the influence of psychological and other relative factors on the prognosis of CP/CPPS was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All together 258 valid questionnaires were collected from the patients and 87 from the normal controls. Of the 258 CP/CPPS patients, the mean scores on SAS and SDS were 42.8 +/- 11.43 and 48.15 +/- 11.49 respectively, both significantly higher than those of the controls (32.12 +/- 9.68 and 35.12 +/- 10.81) (P < 0.01). The rates of anxiety, depression and anxiety and/or depression in the CP/CPPS group were 25.97, 21.71 and 34.50 % respectively, all significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). The rate of introversion was significantly higher while that of extroversion significantly lower in the former than in the latter (P < 0.01). The total effectiveness rate of treatment was 70.54 % in the CP/CPPS patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox regression revealed that anxiety, depression and disease course were the definite factors that negatively affected the prognosis of CP/CPPS, while the other factors, such as age, CPSI, character and leukocyte count in EPS had no influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such psychological obstacles as anxiety and depression play an important role in the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of CP/CPPS. In the treatment of CP/ CPPS, importance should be attached to the patients'psychological status and proper psychological intervention is sometimes necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
authors.forename: He-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-Long
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Zi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult