title: [Chronic constipation: current view of the problem].
abstract: The authors propose the definition of chronic constipations (CC) and present data on their incidence and classification along with a concise review of physiology and motor-evacuation function of the colon and defecation act. Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of different forms of functional and organic CC are discussed. Instrumental and laboratory methods for the examination of patients with CC are described including special techniques for the diagnosis of abnormalities in the anorectal region. Special attention is given to modern approaches to individual therapy including correction of life style and dietary habits as well as the choice of adequate drug therapy. The proposed classification of purgative drugs takes into account indications for their use, contraindications, and adverse effects. Selected methods of physiotherapeutic and surgical treatment of CC are described.
authors.forename: Ia S
authors.initials: IaS
authors.lastname: Tsimmerman
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kunstman
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Mikhaleva
authors.forename: I Ia
authors.initials: IIa
authors.lastname: Tsimmerman
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans