title: Ultrasonography for non-displaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in non-displaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine children aged 2-9 years with non-displaced or mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography. The fracture line through the joint surface was visualized by ultrasonography in 6 case, in which closed reduction and percutaneous pinning was performed on 3 patients and other 3 patients did not receive the treatment because of patients'or their parents'refusal. In the remaining 3 children, ultrasonography did not reveal the cartilaginous trochle involvement at the joint surface and conservative treatment was adopted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average follow-up period was 8 months. The sonographic findings were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in one child who received conservative treatment and another child who received percutaneous pinning. The elbow function and fracture healing were good in cases received closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Among the three cases who refused to receive closed reduction and internal fixation, re-displacement occurred in 1 case and delayed union in 1 case. All three cases receiving conservative treatment had good results both in elbow function and fracture healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution ultrasonography enable to reveal non-displaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures as well as to ascertain whether the cartilaginous trochlea humeri was involved. For these cases, arthrography or magnetic resonance imaging is unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital and Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College,Wenzhou 325027, China. zhangjingdong920 @yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jing-dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography