title: Carotid artery stenting: findings based on 8 years' experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid artery stenting (CAS) may be an alternative to surgical endarterectomy not only in high-risk patients. Few data are available regarding the long-term clinical efficacy of CAS with the use of cerebral protection devices and the incidence of restenosis. Our experience demonstrates that if certain requirements are fulfilled, CAS can be considered a safe and effective treatment with high short-and long-term success rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the past 8 years, we treated 1,003 patients (1,096 arteries) affected by internal carotid artery stenosis, 93 with bilateral stenosis. Of these, 567 (51.74%) were symptomatic and 529 (48.26%) asymptomatic lesions. The preprocedural evaluation was performed with Doppler ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) angiography/computed tomography (CT) angiography and a neurological evaluation. Antiplatelet therapy was administered before and after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in 1,092 cases (99.6%), and a cerebral protection device was successfully used in 1,019 procedures (92.9%). The 30-day transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke/death rate was 2.16%: death (0.18%) major stroke (0.45%) and minor stroke/TIA (1.53%). During a follow-up up to 8 years, restenoses occurred in 39 cases (3.57%), of which 28 were post-CAS (2.57%) and 11 post-CAS performed for restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (1%). Only five symptomatic restenoses>80% were treated with a repeated endovascular procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A retrospective analysis of our experience suggests that CAS is a safe and effective procedure with better results than endarterectomy. In up to 8 years of follow-up, CAS seems to be effective in preventing stroke, with a low restenosis rate.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Imaging Molecolare, Radiologia Interventistica e Radioterapia, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Versaci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pampana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabiano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Primio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaspari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler