title: Association of TNF-alpha with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchial asthma.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that is important in the innate host defence and thus in the defence of infectious agents. However, in excess it provokes the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to test association of TNF with severe RSV bronchiolitis as example of an infectious disease and asthma as representative for a chronic inflammatory condition. The following study populations were genotyped for 4 polymorphisms within TNF-beta (rs909253) and TNF-alpha (rs1799964, rs1799724, rs1800629): 322 asthmatic children, 151 children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and 270 controls. Furthermore, serum TNF-alpha levels were measured by a FlowCytomix Assay. Asthma showed association with two TNF-alpha polymorphisms as well as with TNF haplotypes (p = 0.0050). In contrast, RSV bronchiolitis was associated with TNF haplotypes (p < 0.00001) but not with any single polymorphism. In addition, TNF-alpha serum levels correlated with rs1799724 (p = 0.034). A genetically mediated up-regulation of TNF-alpha expression might provoke a pronounced inflammation of the airways and thus a more severe course of RSV infection as well as the onset of asthma. It remains to be elucidated whether severe RSV bronchiolitis starts TNF-alpha upregulation and is one first step in the direction to asthma later in life, or whether both diseases are independent from each other and supported by TNF-alpha upregulation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Puthothu
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bierbaum
authors.forename: Matthias V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weckmann
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinzmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D013147:Spirometry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha