title: An instrument designed for faculty supervision evaluation by anesthesia residents and its psychometric properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed 1) to develop a valid and reliable instrument for faculty supervision evaluation by anesthesia residents and 2) to disclose the sources of error in residents' ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study involving residents and faculty identified constructs of supervisory ability, which were entered as items in a measurement instrument used by 19 residents to evaluate 39 instructors during a 6-mo period. The instrument was psychometrically tested under classical item and generalizability theories. A decision study, using the parameters of the generalizability (G) study, estimated the number of resident ratings needed to produce dependable measures of a single faculty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine dimensions emerged from the qualitative study: planning perianesthesia care, providing feedback ("the instructor provides me timely, informal, non-threatening comments on my performance and shows me ways to improve"); being available ("the instructor is promptly available to help me solve problems with patients and procedures"); giving opportunities/fostering resident autonomy; stimulating patient-based learning; demonstrating professionalism; being present during the critical events; demonstrating interpersonal skills; being concerned about safety. Residents provided 970 evaluations. The instrument exhibited internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.93), content and face validities, and a single-factor structure. Generalizability and dependability coefficients were 0.93. Between-instructors differences accounted for 56% of score variance. Resident-instructor interactions accounted for 44% of score variance, indicating that scores were influenced by each resident's unique perceptions of instructors (halo effect). According to the results of the decision study, dependability of measures within the 75% to 95% range could be expected with 3 to 33 residents rating each faculty member, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nine-item instrument produced valid and reliable measures of faculty supervision. However, a significant amount of halo effect biased such measures. G-studies may help identify the type and magnitude of rater biases affecting resident-generated faculty supervision evaluations, and can be useful for interpreting their results, especially if personnel decisions (e.g., tenure, promotion) rely on such measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Rua Luiz Delfino 111/902-88015360 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. grof@th.com.br
authors.forename: Getúlio R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Filho
authors.forename: Adilson José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dal Mago
authors.forename: Jorge Hamilton Soares
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Ranulfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching