title: Ginsenosides attenuate kainic acid-induced synaptosomal oxidative stress via stimulation of adenosine A(2A) receptors in rat hippocampus.
abstract: Treatment with ginsenosides attenuated KA-induced seizures and oxidative stress in the synaptosome, and reduced synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminals dose-dependently. The adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl) xanthine reversed the ginsenoside-mediated pharmacological actions. Neither the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine nor the adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonist alloxazine affected the ginsenoside-mediated pharmacological actions. Our results suggest that ginsenosides block KA-induced synaptosomal oxidative stress, associated with hippocampal degeneration, through activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: A-Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Yeoul
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Sun Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tran Phi Hoang
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Hyoung-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Won-Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Hyoung-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C081320:8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine; D002110:Caffeine; D007608:Kainic Acid