title: Distinct CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles in atopic myelitis and other causes of myelitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reported the emergence of a distinct myelitis in patients with atopic diathesis (atopic myelitis [AM]) by a nationwide survey throughout Japan. Similar cases have recently been reported in Caucasians. Pathologic studies of biopsied spinal cord specimens revealed chronic active inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the cytokine/chemokine alterations in CSF from patients with AM in comparison to other causes of myelitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured 27 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors simultaneously in CSF from 22 patients with AM, 20 with opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS), 11 with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), 9 with Sjögren syndrome-related myelitis (SM), and 20 with other noninflammatory neurologic diseases (OND), using a fluorescent bead-based immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with AM, CCL11 and interleukin (IL)-9 were significantly increased as compared with patients with OND and other myelitis while in patients with OSMS interferon-gamma and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor levels were significantly higher than in patients with OND and other causes of myelitis. Significant increase of IL-17 in comparison to patients with OND was found only in patients with OSMS, irrespective of presence or absence of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody. In patients with HAM, CXCL10 and CCL5 were higher than in patients with OND and other myelitis. In patients with SM, CCL3 and CCL4 were higher than in patients with OND. In patients with AM, CCL11, IL-9, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) showed positive correlations with the final Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale scores while IL-1ra and IL-12(p70) had positive correlations with disease duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal upregulation of CCL11 and Th2 cytokines is characteristic of atopic myelitis, which is distinct from interleukin-17/interferon-gamma-related autoimmune condition of opticospinal multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minohara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: J-I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018925:Chemokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009187:Myelitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines