title: Anti-inflammatory cembranoids from the soft corals Sinularia querciformis and Sinularia granosa.
abstract: Four new cembranoids, querciformolides A-D (1-4), along with two known cembranoids, 7 and 8, have been isolated from the soft coral Sinularia querciformis. Furthermore, chemical investigation of Sinularia granosa has afforded three new cembranoids, querciformolide B (2) and granosolides A (5) and B (6). The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, and that of 2 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by a modified Mosher's method. Among these metabolites, 2-6 are rarely found cembranoids possessing a tetrahydrofuran moiety with a 4,7-ether linkage; in addition, 1 is the first epsilon-lactone cembrane found that possesses a tetrahydropyran moiety with a 4,8-ether linkage. None of these compounds were found to be cytotoxic toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines. However, compounds 3, 7, and 8 significantly inhibited the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chiung-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jui-Hsin
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yao-Haur
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Jyh-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004224:Diterpenes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C037071:cembrane; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II