title: Is ascending urethrogram mandatory for all urethral strictures?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of ascending urethrogram in decision making for patients with suspected urethral strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical Records were reviewed of male patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms who were subjected to ascending urethrogram and selected cases for cystourethroscopy from January 2001 to December 2002. Cystourethroscopy was performed on those patients who complied with treatment for urethral stricture or who had persistent low flow of urine despite ascending urethrogram reporting no urethral stricture. Data was analyzed on SPSS 10.0. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for ascending urethrogram as a measure to evaluate urethral stricture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ascending urethrogram was done on 92 patients. Of whom 55 were reported to have urethral stricture. The mean age of patients was 42.8 +/- 13.2 years. Of the 92 patients who had ascending urethrogram, 62 were subjected to cystourethroscopy proceed optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) in cases of stricture. It was that out of 45 reported urethral strictures on ascending urethrogram, 5 did not have stricture on cystourethroscopy (P = 0.001). Likewise in the same group of 62 patients, 17 patients were reported to have no stricture on ascending urethrogram, whereas subsequent cystourethroscopy revealed stricture in 4 patients. The calculated sensitivity of ascending urethrogram was 91% and specificity 72%. The calculated positive and negative predictive values were 89% and 76% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that Ascending Urethrogram does not completely rule out urethral stricture (Negative Predictive Value 76%). It was also observed that urethral stricture may be non-existent even though suggested in Ascending Urethrogram (Positive Predictive Value 89%). With a sensitivity of 91% and a low specificity of 72% of the ascending urethrogram for diagnosing urethral stricture, it would be advisable to subject the patient to cystourethroscopy proceed Optical Internal Urethrotomy in cases of urethral stricture. This will save cost, avoid infection reduce risk of radiation and contrast related hypersensitivity reaction.
authors.affiliation: The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi.
authors.forename: Syed Mamun
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: Khalid Salman
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: El
authors.forename: Abdul Majid
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics