Validation of a 2-day water maze protocol in mice.
We present a 2-day water maze protocol that addresses some of potential confounds present in the water maze when using the aged subjects typical of studies of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. This protocol is based on an initial series of training trials with a visible platform, followed by a memory test with a hidden platform 24h later. We validated this procedure using aged (15-18m) mice expressing three Alzheimer's disease-related transgenes, PS1(M146 V), APP(Swe), and tau(P301L). We also tested these triple transgenic mice (3xTG) and age and sex-matched wild-type (WT) in a behavioral battery consisting of tests of motor coordination (balance beam), spatial memory (object displacement task) visual acuity (novel object recognition task) and locomotor activity (open field). 3xTG mice had significantly longer escape latencies in the memory trial of the 2-day water maze test than WT and than their own baseline performance in the last visible platform trial. In addition, this protocol had improved sensitivity compared to a typical probe trial, since no significant differences between genotypes were evident in a probe trial conducted 24h after the final training trial. The 2-day procedure also resulted in good reliability between cohorts, and controlled for non-cognitive factors that can confound water maze assessments of memory, such as the significantly lower locomotor activity evident in the 3xTG mice. A further benefit of this method is that large numbers of animals can be tested in a short time.
Gulinello
Maria
M
Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. mgulin@aecom.yu.edu
Gertner
Michael
M
Mendoza
Guadalupe
G
Schoenfeld
Brian P
BP
Oddo
Salvatore
S
LaFerla
Frank
F
Choi
Catherine H
CH
McBride
Sean M J
SM
Faber
Donald S
DS
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology