title: Rescue of arterial function by angiotensin-(1-7): towards improvement of endothelial function by drug-eluting stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the hypothesis that stent placement decreases dilator function of various arteries outside the stented segment and that angiotensin- (1-7) improves this function, and to assess the contribution of dilator signal compounds. A further objective was to test the hypothesis that on-stent delivery of Ang-(1-7) reduces neointima formation and improves endothelial function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal aortic stenting or sham operation was performed in the rat four weeks after stenting and treatment with intravenous saline or Ang-(1-7) infusion (24 mug/kg/h); vasomotor function in isolated thoracic aorta and brachial and iliac artery was measured in organ baths. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7)-eluting stents were designed and placed in rat abdominal aorta. Neointima formation and aortic function were tested after four weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxation of the thoracic aorta to metacholine was decreased after stenting compared with shams due to a decrease in nitric oxide-mediated response (67% reduction in maximal NO-dependent response). Ang-(1-7) restored the response mainly through increased prostaglandin- and possibly also endothelial-derived hyperpolarising factor-mediated relaxation. Relaxation in the brachial artery decreased after stenting (maximal response dropped by 50%), whilst contractions to phenylephrine increased. Ang-(1-7) normalised vasomotor function. Iliac artery function remained unaltered after stenting but Ang-(1-7) increased maximal relaxations by 65%. Delivery of Ang-(1-7) by means of a drug-eluting stent improved endothelial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stenting differentially affects dilator and contractile function in various arterial beds. Ang-(1-7) both improves dilator function and normalises contractile function. Delivery of protective peptides such as Ang-(1-7) from the stent is a new therapy option that merits further development and exploration. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:293-8.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Langeveld
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: B J G L
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: de Smet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tijsma
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Gilst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roks