title: Regulation of expression of two LY-6 family genes by intron retention and transcription induced chimerism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regulation of the expression of particular genes can rely on mechanisms that are different from classical transcriptional and translational control. The LY6G5B and LY6G6D genes encode LY-6 domain proteins, whose expression seems to be regulated in an original fashion, consisting of an intron retention event which generates, through an early premature stop codon, a non-coding transcript, preventing expression in most cell lines and tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MHC LY-6 non-coding transcripts have shown to be stable and very abundant in the cell, and not subject to Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD). This retention event appears not to be solely dependent on intron features, because in the case of LY6G5B, when the intron is inserted in the artificial context of a luciferase expression plasmid, it is fully spliced but strongly stabilises the resulting luciferase transcript. In addition, by quantitative PCR we found that the retained and spliced forms are differentially expressed in tissues indicating an active regulation of the non-coding transcript. EST database analysis revealed that these genes have an alternative expression pathway with the formation of Transcription Induced Chimeras (TIC). This data was confirmed by RT-PCR, revealing the presence of different transcripts that would encode the chimeric proteins CSNKbeta-LY6G5B and G6F-LY6G6D, in which the LY-6 domain would join to a kinase domain and an Ig-like domain, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the LY6G5B and LY6G6D intron-retained transcripts are not subjected to NMD and are more abundant than the properly spliced forms. In addition, these genes form chimeric transcripts with their neighbouring same orientation 5' genes. Of interest is the fact that the 5' genes (CSNKbeta or G6F) undergo differential splicing only in the context of the chimera (CSNKbeta-LY6G5B or G6F-LY6G6C) and not on their own.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. vincalv@cnio.es
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvanese
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallya
authors.forename: R Duncan
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aguado
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D050506:Mutant Chimeric Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020871:RNA Stability
chemical_list: D000950:Antigens, Ly; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D050506:Mutant Chimeric Proteins