title: Withdrawal reflexes in adductor muscles elicited by electrical and magnetic stimulation of the obturator nerve.
abstract: The withdrawal reflex in the short head of the biceps femoris muscle after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve at the ankle has been investigated in numerous studies. These studies have described two distinct responses: early (R-II) and late (R-III). However, withdrawal reflex activity of the adductor muscles in the legs has not been studied systematically. Adductor muscle reflex activity is important because it can produce serious clinical problems, such as adductor spasticity and spasms, during bladder surgery. The present study examined withdrawal reflex features of adductor muscles obtained by electrical and magnetic stimulation of the obturator nerve (ON) in 34 normal healthy subjects. Early adductor muscle withdrawal reflex responses were elicited by ipsilateral ON electrical stimulation with a mean latency of 45.7+/-2.0 ms (responses in 94% of subjects). Reflex responses were also obtained using magnetic stimulation at a similar incidence rate. Contralateral ON electrical stimulation resulted in a similar reflex, but with a lower incidence. ON and femoral nerve electrical and magnetic coil stimulation produced similar low-incidence responses in the vastus medialis. These findings indicate that short latency adductor withdrawal reflexes are easily obtained on both sides following electrical or magnetic stimulation of the ON, and they can be elicited by both nociceptive and nonnociceptive stimuli. These reflexes prepare the body for a proper response to incoming signals and likely serve to protect the pelvic floor and pelvic organs.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bademkiran
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalin
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karapinar
authors.affiliation: Akdeniz University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D009776:Obturator Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology