title: Go no-go performance under psychosocial stress: beneficial effects of implementation intentions.
abstract: Acute stress has been found to have negative and implementation intentions (IIs) to have positive effects on cognitive performance. This study was the first to examine the effects of IIs on executive action control under acute psychosocial stress. Forty-two male subjects aged 21-39 years were randomly assigned to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) versus a rest condition. In addition, the instruction to the executive task (a go no-go task) was manipulated (IIs versus standard instruction). After the stress test, a dual-task procedure including a go no-go task was conducted. The TSST resulted in increases in cortisol response, heart rate and state anxiety compared to the rest condition. Acute stress significantly impaired go no-go performance, but only in the group without IIs. We conclude that under acute stress conditions executive functioning is reduced, but the use of IIs can be an effective strategy to overcome this negative effect.
authors.affiliation: Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14/Box 14, Zürich, Switzerland. urte.scholz@psychologie.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Urte
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Marca
authors.forename: Urs M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Nater
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aberle
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ehlert
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kliegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety; D003071:Cognition; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011897:Random Allocation; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone