title: Triple risk: do difficult temperament and family conflict increase the likelihood of behavioral maladjustment in children born low birth weight and preterm?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the impact of family conflict on internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 8 for children born low birth weight (LBW) and preterm (PT), with specific attention to the moderating role of early temperament.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 728 families enrolled in the longitudinal study of the Infant Health and Development Program. The study relied on maternal reports of child temperament at age 1, family conflict at age 6(1/2) years and 8 years, and child behavior at age 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children exposed to high levels of family conflict had more internalizing problems. Child temperament assessed in infancy moderated the impact of family conflict on externalizing but not internalizing problem behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LBW/PT children with a difficult temperament are more at risk for poor developmental outcomes, such as externalizing behavior problems, when exposed to family conflict than children with a less difficult temperament.
authors.affiliation: Partners for Inclusive Communities, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. whitesidemansellleanne@uams.edu
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whiteside-Mansell
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Jill J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fussell
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Conners-Burrow
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001131:Arkansas; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development / Q000523:psychology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development / Q000523:psychology*; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament