title: PVN electrical stimulation prolongs withdrawal latencies and releases oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and spinal cord tissue in intact and neuropathic rats.
abstract: We are studying an endogenous, oxytocinergic analgesia system to obtain more information about normal and pathological pain processes. In the recent years, this oxytocinergic system has been shown to be involved in normal and pathological pain suppression. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is an important source of brain oxytocin (OT). A descending pathway reaching the dorsal horn in the spinal cord was postulated to mediate analgesic effects at the spinal cord level. However, the oxytocin concentration during pain conditions and during PVN electrical stimulation needs to be determined. We designed experiments to measure the OT concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and OT protein in lumbar spinal cord tissue in control and neuropathic rats. Sciatic loose ligature was used as the experimental method to produce neuropathic pain. The main findings were (1) Chronic pain experiments in animals showed that the stimulation of the anterior part of the PVN increased OT concentration and produced analgesia states, as measured by von Frey, cold, and heat plantar tests. (2) Differential effects were produced by electrical stimulation of the anterior or posterior regions of the PVN; electrical stimulation of the anterior part of the PVN enhanced the OT concentration in CSF and plasma, and it also increased OT protein concentrations in the spinal cord tissue; in contrast, the stimulation of the posterior part of the PVN only increased OT concentrations in CSF. These results suggest the participation of an endogenous analgesia system mediated by OT.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México Unidad de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Instituto Nacional de Neurocirugía, México.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lorenzana
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espinosa-López
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carranza
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aramburo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paz-Tres
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojas-Piloni
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Condés-Lara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin