title: Comparison of percutaneous and laparoscopic cryoablation for the treatment of solid renal masses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare the outcome, complications, and charges of percutaneous renal cryoablation and laparoscopic cryoablation of solid renal masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 percutaneous renal cryoablations (mean tumor size, 2.1 cm) in 30 patients (mean age, 67.0 years) and 60 laparoscopic renal cryoablations (mean tumor size, 2.5 cm) in 46 patients (mean age, 67.4 years) were compared. The size of the tumor, procedural complications, hospital charges, length of hospital stay, and tumor follow-up parameters were recorded. Monitoring after ablation was performed every 3 months using contrast-enhanced MRI or CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both percutaneous cryoablation and laparoscopic cryoablation of solid renal masses had a high technical success rate (30/30 [100%] and 59/60 [98.3%]). There was no significant difference in the rate of residual disease (3/30 [10%] and 4/60 [6.7%], p = 0.68), and the secondary effectiveness rate is 100% for both groups to date. One renal mass treated using laparoscopic cryoablation had a local recurrence, but none of the masses treated using percutaneous cryoablation had a recurrence. The disease-specific survival is 100% in both groups with no significant difference in the mean follow-up time (14.5 vs 14.6 months, p = 1.0) or major complication rate (0/30 [0%] vs 3/60 [5.0%], p = 0.55). For the treatment of solid renal masses, percutaneous cryoablation was associated with 40% lower hospital charges (mean, $14,175 vs $23,618, p < 0.00001) and a shorter hospital stay (mean +/- SD, 1.1 +/- 0.3 vs 2.4 +/- 2.1 days; p < 0.0001) than laparoscopic cryoablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although certain tumors require laparoscopic intervention because of the location or size of the tumor, percutaneous renal cryoablation is safe and effective and is associated with lower charges when used for the treatment of small renal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
authors.forename: J Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shadid
authors.forename: Stephen Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hedican
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Fred T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive