title: Multiplexed lipid dip-pen nanolithography on subcellular scales for the templating of functional proteins and cell culture.
abstract: Molecular patterning processes taking place in biological systems are challenging to study in vivo because of their dynamic behavior, subcellular size, and high degree of complexity. In vitro patterning of biomolecules using nanolithography allows simplification of the processes and detailed study of the dynamic interactions. Parallel dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is uniquely capable of integrating functional biomolecules on subcellular length scales due to its constructive nature, high resolution, and high throughput. Phospholipids are particularly well suited as inks for DPN since a variety of different functional lipids can be readily patterned in parallel. Here DPN is used to spatially pattern multicomponent micro- and nanostructured supported lipid membranes and multilayers that are fluid and contain various amounts of biotin and/or nitrilotriacetic acid functional groups. The patterns are characterized by fluorescence microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. Selective adsorption of functionalized or recombinant proteins based on streptavidin or histidine-tag coupling enables the semisynthetic fabrication of model peripheral membrane bound proteins. The biomimetic membrane patterns formed in this way are then used as substrates for cell culture, as demonstrated by the selective adhesion and activation of T-cells.
authors.affiliation: Institut für NanoTechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH ,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekula
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weg-Remers
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schuppler
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theilacker
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franzreb
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wingren
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ellmark
authors.forename: Carl A K
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Borrebaeck
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenhert
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D010743:Phospholipids; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins