title: New multiresidue method using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-micro-electron-capture detection for pesticide residues analysis in royal jelly.
abstract: Royal jelly, one of the most important bee products, can be contaminated with pesticide and/or antibiotic residues resulting from treatments applied either inside beehives or in the agricultural environment. A new multiresidue method was developed and validated for analysis of nine pesticides in royal jelly. Solid-phase extraction RP-C(18) cartridges were used for sample purification and isolation of analytes. Final solution was analyzed with GC and micro-electron-capture detection. Four synthetic acaricides used by beekeepers (bromopropylate, coumaphos, malathion and tau-fluvalinate), and moreover one pyrethroid, two organochlorine, and two organophosphate insecticides were tested. Linearity is demonstrated for the range of 0.0025-1mgkg(-1), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.99991 to 0.99846, depending on the analyte. Overall recovery rates from royal jelly blank samples spiked at five fortification levels ranged from 80.8% (lindane) to 91.3% (ethion), well above the range defined by the SANCO/10232/2006 and EC/675/2002 documents. The limit of quantification was <0.003-0.005 mg kg(-1) depending on the analyte, and the reporting level of the method, defined as the lowest recovery level, was 0.005 mg kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thesaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karazafiris
authors.forename: Urania
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thrasyvoulou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D000099219:Royal Jelly