title: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta: A Conserved Director of Lipid Homeostasis through Regulation of the Oxidative Capacity of Muscle.
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are ligand-inducible transcription factors expressed in a variety of tissues, have been shown to perform key roles in lipid homeostasis. In physiological situations such as fasting and physical exercise, one PPAR subtype, PPARdelta, triggers a transcriptional program in skeletal muscle leading to a switch in fuel usage from glucose/fatty acids to solely fatty acids, thereby drastically increasing its oxidative capacity. The metabolic action of PPARdelta has also been verified in humans. In addition, it has become clear that the action of PPARdelta is not restricted to skeletal muscle. Indeed, PPARdelta has been shown to play a crucial role in whole-body lipid homeostasis as well as in insulin sensitivity, and it is active not only in skeletal muscle (as an activator of fat burning) but also in the liver (where it can activate glycolysis/lipogenesis, with the produced fat being oxidized in muscle) and in the adipose tissue (by incrementing lipolysis). The main aim of this review is to highlight the central role for activated PPARdelta in the reversal of any tendency toward the development of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goglia
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanni
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno