A meta-analysis of the vascular-related safety profile and efficacy of alpha-adrenergic blockers for symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of alpha1-adrenergic receptor blockers (A1Bs) currently prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).


METHODS
A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database and the Food and Drug Administration Web site through December 2006 identified double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled trials, evaluating agents commercially available by prescription for the symptomatic treatment of BPH.


METHODS
Data were reviewed by two investigators with the use of a standardised data abstraction form. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Jadad scale. Studies with a score of < 3 were considered of weaker methodology.


RESULTS
Of 2389 potential citations, 25 were usable for evaluation of safety data, 26 for efficacy. A1B use was associated with a statistically significant increase in the odds of developing a vascular-related event [odds ratio (OR) 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00-3.24; p < 0.0001]. The odds of developing a vascular-related adverse event were: alfuzosin, OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17-2.36; terazosin, OR 3.71, 95% CI: 2.48-5.53; doxazosin, OR 3.32, 95% CI: 2.10-5.23 and tamsulosin, OR 1.42, 95% CI: 0.99-2.05. A1Bs increased Q(max) by 1.32 ml/min (95% CI: 1.07-1.57) compared with placebo. Difference from placebo in American Urological Association symptom index/International Prostate Symptom Score was -1.92 points (95% CI: -2.71 to -1.14).


CONCLUSIONS
Alfuzosin, terazosin and doxazosin showed a statistically significant increased risk of developing vascular-related events compared with placebo. Tamsulosin showed a numerical increase that was not statistically significant. All agents significantly improved Q(max) and symptom signs compared with placebo.
Nickel
J C
JC
Division of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. jcn@queensu.ca
Sander
S
S
Moon
T D
TD
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists