title: Chronic benzodiazepine administration potentiates high voltage-activated calcium currents in hippocampal CA1 neurons.
abstract: Signs of physical dependence as a consequence of long-term drug use and a moderate abuse liability limit benzodiazepine clinical usefulness. Growing evidence suggests a role for voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) regulation in mediating a range of chronic drug effects from drug withdrawal phenomena to dependence on a variety of drugs of abuse. High voltage-activated (HVA) calcium currents were measured in whole-cell recordings from acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons after a 1-week flurazepam (FZP) treatment that results in withdrawal-anxiety. An approximately 1.8-fold increase in Ca(2+) current density was detected immediately after and up to 2 days but not 3 or 4 days after drug withdrawal. Current density was unchanged after acute desalkyl-FZP treatment. A significant negative shift of the half-maximal potential of activation of HVA currents was also observed but steady-state inactivation remained unchanged. FZP and diazepam showed use- and concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca(2+) currents in hippocampal cultured cells following depolarizing trains (FZP, IC(50) = 1.8 microM; diazepam, IC(50) = 36 microM), pointing to an additional mechanism by which benzodiazepines modulate HVA Ca(2+) channels. Systemic preinjection of nimodipine (10 mg/kg), an L-type (L)-VGCC antagonist, prevented the benzodiazepine-induced increase in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxasole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in CA1 neurons 2 days after FZP withdrawal, suggesting that AMPAR potentiation, previously linked to withdrawal-anxiety may require enhanced L-VGCC-mediated Ca(2+) influx. Taken together with prior work, these findings suggest that enhanced Ca(2+) entry through HVA Ca(2+) channels may contribute to hippocampal AMPAR plasticity and serve as a potential mechanism underlying benzodiazepine physical dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Damien E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.forename: L John
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: Elizabeth I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Tietz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology*; D055369:Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002118:Calcium