title: Randomized trial of a hypnosis intervention for treatment of hot flashes among breast cancer survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hot flashes are a significant problem for many breast cancer survivors. Hot flashes can cause discomfort, disrupted sleep, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. A well-tolerated and effective mind-body treatment for hot flashes would be of great value. On the basis of previous case studies, this study was developed to evaluate the effect of a hypnosis intervention for hot flashes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty female breast cancer survivors with hot flashes were randomly assigned to receive hypnosis intervention (five weekly sessions) or no treatment. Eligible patients had to have a history of primary breast cancer without evidence of detectable disease and 14 or more weekly hot flashes for at least 1 month. The major outcome measure was a bivariate construct that represented hot flash frequency and hot flash score, which was analyzed by a classic sums and differences comparison. Secondary outcome measures were self-reports of interference of hot flashes on daily activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one randomly assigned women completed the study. By the end of the treatment period, hot flash scores (frequency x average severity) decreased 68% from baseline to end point in the hypnosis arm (P < .001). Significant improvements in self-reported anxiety, depression, interference of hot flashes on daily activities, and sleep were observed for patients who received the hypnosis intervention (P < .005) in comparison to the no treatment control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypnosis appears to reduce perceived hot flashes in breast cancer survivors and may have additional benefits such as reduced anxiety and depression, and improved sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA. Gary_Elkins@baylor.edu
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stearns
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perfect
authors.forename: M Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rajab
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruud
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keith
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal