title: Early determination of cystic fibrosis by electrochemical chloride quantification in sweat.
abstract: A novel and rapid approach to quantify chloride concentration in sweat for early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) is shown in this work. Disposable screen-printed sensor (SPS) devices capable to induce sweat and measure the chloride concentration are presented. Pilocarpine, which was forced into de skin by means of iontophoresis, has been used to stimulate the sweat glands. Chloride concentration has been directly measured on the skin by potentiometry. The performance of the devices has been tested in synthetic samples, obtaining good agreement with the Nernst equation. Sensors reproducibility has been analyzed in terms of residual standard deviation (RSD), obtaining a value of 8% (n=6 and alpha=0.05). Finally, the application of these sensors in several volunteers has been carried out. The results were compared with the method generally used in hospitals, obtaining deviations minor than 8%.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Esfera UAB, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. javier.gonzaloruiz@imec-nl.nl
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalo-Ruiz
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Haro
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabruja
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camero
authors.forename: M Asuncion
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alonso-Lomillo
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002712:Chlorides