title: In vitro antioxidant activity of silymarin.
abstract: Silymarin, a known standardized extract obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum is widely used in treatment of several diseases of varying origin. In the present paper, we clarified the antioxidant activity of silymarin by employing various in vitro antioxidant assay such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH(.)) scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination by Fe3+ - Fe2+ transformation method and Cuprac assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin/methionine/illuminate system, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Silymarin inhibited 82.7% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 30 microg/mL concentration; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and trolox indicated inhibition of 83.3, 82.1, 68.1 and 81.3% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, silymarin had an effective DPPH(.) scavenging, ABTS(.)+ scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing power by Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing ability by Cuprac method, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Also, BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol and trolox, were used as the reference antioxidant and radical scavenger compounds. Moreover, this study, which clarifies antioxidant mechanism of silymarin, brings new information on the antioxidant properties of silymarin. According to the present study, silymarin had effective in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. It could be used in the pharmacological and food industry because of its antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Köksal
authors.forename: Ilhami
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gülçin
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beyza
authors.forename: Oztürk
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sarikaya
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bursal
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012838:Silymarin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D012838:Silymarin; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013861:Thiocyanates; D013481:Superoxides; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C103724:ferric thiocyanate; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D007501:Iron