title: Shifting supervision: implications for safe administration of medication by nursing students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medication errors made unintentionally by nurses continue to be a major concern in hospitals, medical centres and aged care facilities throughout Australia. While there is a plethora of literature available, which has identified factors that contribute to nurses making errors, few studies have reported on factors that may contribute to errors made by nursing students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A grounded theory approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews with final-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 28) to explore their experiences of administering medication. Constant comparative analysis was used to identify categories from the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The central category was identified as 'shifting levels of supervision'. This describes the process of supervision students received when administering medication. Four levels were identified: 'being with', 'being over', 'being near' and 'being absent'. The findings suggest that nursing students do not always receive the level of supervision that is legally required. Less than satisfactory levels of supervision were identified by participants as leading to medication errors or near misses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from 'Being with', the levels of supervision described by participants have major implications for the safe administration of medication by nursing students and represent the actual or potential cause of error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential for medication errors pose a major safety issue. Healthcare services have a responsibility to protect patient safety. Appropriate supervision of nursing students when administering education therefore requires urgent attention to ensure best practice is executed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Health, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reid-Searl
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moxham
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Happell
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013338:Students, Nursing
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations