title: Fibrous stroma and vascularity of pancreatic carcinoma: correlation with enhancement patterns on CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the contrast-enhancement behavior of pancreatic carcinoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT), and the relationship between the degree of contrast-enhancement and the vascularity (vessel density) and amount of fibrous stroma (fibrosis within the tumor) on pathological specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The contrast-enhancement values were measured by producing the subtracting images for obtaining largest region of interests to reduce measurement errors and variability. Vascularity was determined by immunostaining of the tissue sections with factor 8 and the fibrous stroma was determined by picrosirius staining. Correlation of the findings of DCE-CT with pathological findings was performed in 21 patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but one patient exhibited a gradually increasing enhancement, but there was considerably wide range in contrast-enhancement values of tumors. Examination of the overall relationship between vascularity and fibrous stroma with contrast-enhancement behavior showed that tumor with more fibrosis and higher vascularity had a higher contrast effect through all phases of dynamic study. Tumors having liver metastases tended to be less fibrotic than tumors without liver metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contrast-enhancement behavior of pancreatic carcinoma may be helpful in estimating vascularity and the extent of tumor fibrosis and possibility of liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shunro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyosue
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashima
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D001391:Azo Compounds; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol; D007479:Iopamidol; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; C009798:C.I. direct red 80; D007472:Iohexol; D007479:Iopamidol