title: Strategies in method development to quantify enantiomeric impurities using CE.
abstract: The growing number of chiral new drug substances requires increasing efforts in developing enantioselective methods. According to International conference on Harmonization guidelines, one should quantify the enantiomeric impurity of 0.1% relative to the major constituent. Capillary electrophoresis has evolved into an important tool for the separation of chiral drugs. The common strategies consist of two steps: firstly, initial separation conditions are evaluated. This screening usually focuses on the selection of the appropriate chiral selector. In our study 22 neutral, anionic or cationic cyclodextrins were dissolved in phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 50 mM, CD conc.: 2.0%). Then they were investigated for the separation of 14 chiral compounds. Secondly, the obtained initial conditions for the enantiomeric separation were optimized in terms of resolution and analysis time. In our approach, important optimized factors including the concentration of the chiral selector (1-10%), the pH of the buffer (2.0-9.0), and the percentage of organic modifier (0-15%) were studied. This common strategy was completed by elaborating final requirements for the quantification of the enantiomeric impurity. A resolution between 3 and 4 was found to be necessary for the racemic mixture during the screening and optimization steps, in order to later allow for peak overloading and thus to sufficiently increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The complete strategy was conducted for atenolol, isoprenaline, verapamil and mandelic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestinian Territory.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Deeb
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hasemann
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wätzig
mesh_terms: D001262:Atenolol / Q000737:chemistry; D002021:Buffers; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012996:Solutions; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D012996:Solutions; D001262:Atenolol; C037938:mandelic acid