title: Suppression of bitterness and improvement of palatability of commercial prednisolone powder.
abstract: The aim of the study was to suppress the bitterness and improve the palatability of pediatric prednisolone powder (PP) by the addition of simple sucrose syrup (SS) and various beverages and foods. Bitterness suppression was evaluated using the human gustatory sensory test. The suppression of the bitterness and improvement of palatability of PP by addition of SS solutions was investigated using standard taste substances: sucrose for sweetness, tartaric acid for sourness, and sodium chloride as saltiness. Dilution with SS solutions of up to 50% (w/w) was successful in bitterness-suppression and improvement of palatability, but at 80% (w/w) SS, the palatability of the diluted solution was reduced. The kinematic viscosities of SS solutions were therefore evaluated using the Uberorde viscosity meter, to see whether the high viscosity of the more concentrated solutions was responsible for the reduced palatability. The kinematic viscosity of the 80% SS was 16.60 mm(2)/s. Judging from above information, the palatability might become worse when the kinematic viscosity of syrup exceeded 15 mm(2)/s. Finally, the ability of various beverages and foods with low viscosity to suppress the bitterness and improve the palatability of PP were examined. The additions of orange juice or a carbonated lemon drink to simple syrup solution were most effective in suppressing bitterness and improving palatability of PP.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D011208:Powders; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013644:Tartrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011208:Powders; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012996:Solutions; D013644:Tartrates; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose; D011239:Prednisolone; C029768:tartaric acid