title: Experimental transmission of field Anaplasma marginale and the A. centrale vaccine strain by Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks.
abstract: The cattle rickettsia Anaplasma marginale is distributed worldwide and is transmitted by about 20 tick species, but only Rhipicephalus simus, a strictly African tick species, has been shown to transmit the vaccine strain of A. centrale. The aim of the present study was to examine transmission of field strains of A. marginale and of the vaccine strain of A. centrale by three tick species -Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus - to susceptible calves. Two genetically distinct Israeli field strains of A. marginale, tailed and non-tailed (AmIsT and AmIsNT, respectively), were efficiently transmitted by R. sanguineus, whereas H. excavatum transmitted only the tailed isolate, and R. (Boophilus) annulatus did not transmit A. marginale. None of the three tick species transmitted A. centrale. By means of msp1a primers in PCR assays, amplicons of similar sizes were obtained from either A. marginale-infected calves that were used for acquisition feeding, from R. sanguineus fed on the infected calves, or from calves to which anaplasmosis had been successfully transmitted by these ticks. Although an A. centrale-specific fragment was amplified from salivary glands of R. sanguineus, no transmission to susceptible cattle occurred during 3 months of observation, and anaplasmosis was not induced in splenectomized calves that were subinoculated with blood from calves on which R. sanguineus had fed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. shkapv@int.gov.il
authors.forename: Varda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shkap
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kocan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Molad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazuz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leibovich
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Krigel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michoytchenko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blouin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samish
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mtshali
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zweygarth
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Fleiderovich
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fish
mesh_terms: D042321:Anaplasma centrale / Q000276:immunology*; D042322:Anaplasma marginale / Q000276:immunology*; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D013156:Splenectomy; D013987:Ticks
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines