title: Structure and function relationships of the helical ventricular myocardial band.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding cardiac function requires knowledge of the architecture responsible for the normal actions of emptying and filling. Newer imaging methods are surveyed to characterize directional (narrowing, shortening, lengthening, and widening) and twisting motions.
  
  
  METHODS
  These movements are defined and then compared with a spectrum of models to introduce a useful "functional anatomy" that explains cardiac spatial and temporal relationships. The sequential nature of normal contraction differs from a synchronous beat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prior concept of constriction is replaced by understanding that clockwise and counterclockwise helical motions are necessary to cause the predominant twisting motion. The helical ventricular myocardial band model of Torrent-Guasp fulfills the architectural structure to define normal function. Expansion of information from this model allows novel understanding of mechanisms that explains why a component of ventricular suction involves a systolic event, clarifies septum function, determines diastolic dysfunction, introduces new treatments, shows how knowledge of the helical structure influences understanding of atrioventricular and biventricular pacing, and creates novel methods for introducing septal pacing stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further testing of these spatial anatomic concepts is needed to create a more accurate understanding of the architectural mechanisms that underlie cardiac dynamics to address future problems in unhealthy hearts.
authors.affiliation: Option on Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buckberg
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: Julien I E
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coghlan
mesh_terms: D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016276:Ventricular Function