title: Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis spore outgrowth by nisin.
abstract: The lantibiotic nisin has previously been reported to inhibit the outgrowth of spores from several Bacillus species. However, the mode of action of nisin responsible for outgrowth inhibition is poorly understood. By using B. anthracis Sterne 7702 as a model, nisin acted against spores with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and an IC(90) of 0.57 microM and 0.90 microM, respectively. Viable B. anthracis organisms were not recoverable from cultures containing concentrations of nisin greater than the IC(90). These studies demonstrated that spores lose heat resistance and become hydrated in the presence of nisin, thereby ruling out a possible mechanism of inhibition in which nisin acts to block germination initiation. Rather, germination initiation is requisite for the action of nisin. This study also revealed that nisin rapidly and irreversibly inhibits growth by preventing the establishment of oxidative metabolism and the membrane potential in germinating spores. On the other hand, nisin had no detectable effects on the typical changes associated with the dissolution of the outer spore structures (e.g., the spore coats, cortex, and exosporium). Thus, the action of nisin results in the uncoupling of two critical sequences of events necessary for the outgrowth of spores: the establishment of metabolism and the shedding of the external spore structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Gut
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prouty
authors.forename: Jimmy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Wilfred A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van der Donk
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Blanke
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D009561:Nisin