title: Phosphorylation of eIF4E by MNKs supports protein synthesis, cell cycle progression and proliferation in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Deregulation of the phosphatidyl inositol trisphosphate kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MNK pathways frequently occurs in human prostate carcinomas (PCas) and leads to aberrant modulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. We have investigated the relative contribution of these pathways to translational regulation and proliferation of PCa cells. MNK-dependent phosphorylation of eIF4E is elevated in DU145 cells, which have low basal levels of AKT/mTOR activity due to the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN. In contrast, eIF4E phosphorylation is low in PC3 and LNCaP cells with mutated PTEN and constitutively active AKT/mTOR pathway, but it can be strongly induced through inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin or serum depletion. Remarkably, we found that inhibition of MNKs strongly reduced the polysomal recruitment of terminal oligopyrimidine messenger RNAs (TOP mRNAs), which are known targets of mTOR-dependent translational control. Pull-down assays of the eIF4F complex indicated that translation initiation was differently affected by inhibition of MNKs and mTOR. In addition, concomitant treatment with MNK inhibitor and rapamycin exerted additive effects on polysomal recruitment of TOP mRNAs and protein synthesis. The MNK inhibitor was more effective than rapamycin in blocking proliferation of PTEN-expressing cells, whereas combination of the two inhibitors suppressed cell cycle progression in both cell lines. Microarray analysis showed that MNK affected translation of mRNAs involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, our results indicate that a balance between the activity of the AKT/mTOR and the MAPK/MNK pathway in PCa cells maintains a defined translational level of specific mRNAs required for ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and stress response and might confer to these cells the ability to overcome negative insults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loiarro
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bielli
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Busà
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paronetto
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loreni
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geremia
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sette
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C081184:ATP7A protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D020123:Sirolimus