title: Metabolic predictors of inflammation, adhesion, and coagulability in healthy younger-aged adults.
abstract: Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and are predictors of cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to determine the unique contributions of metabolic factors as predictors of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), adhesion (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)), and coagulation (D-dimer) in healthy younger-aged adults. Participants were 83 women and 92 men (mean age 30.04 years, s.d. +/- 4.8, range 22-39) of normal weight to moderate obese weight (mean BMI 24.4 kg/m(2), s.d. +/- 3.35, range 17-32). The primary data analytical approaches included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Circulating levels of CRP, IL-6, sICAM-1, and D-dimer were determined in plasma. Higher levels of CRP were independently associated with higher BMI, a greater waist-to-hip ratio, female gender, and higher triglycerides (P < 0.001). Higher IL-6 levels were independently associated with a greater waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.01). Higher levels of sICAM-1 were independently associated with higher BMI, higher triglycerides, and lower insulin resistance (P < 0.001). Higher D-dimer levels were independently associated with higher BMI and being female (P < 0.001). Having a higher BMI was most consistently associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation, adhesion, and coagulation in this sample of healthy younger-aged adults, although female gender, insulin resistance, and lipid levels were also related to the biomarkers. The findings provide insight into the adverse cardiovascular risk associated with elevated body weight in younger adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. pmills@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Iris B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.forename: Meredith A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pung
authors.forename: Srikrishna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khandrika
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Känel
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rutledge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein