title: Transferring disease management and health promotion programs to other countries: critical success factors.
abstract: Governments and health service providers around the world are under pressure to improve health outcomes while containing rising healthcare costs. In response to such challenges, many regions have implemented services that have been successful in other countries-but 'importing' initiatives has many challenges. This article summarizes factors found to be critical to the success of adapting a US disease management and health promotion programme for use in Italy and the UK. Using three illustrative case studies, it describes how in each region the programme needed to adapt (i) the form and content of the disease management service, (ii) the involvement and integration with local clinicians and services and (iii) the evaluation of programme outcomes. We argue that it is important to implement evidence-based practice by learning lessons from other countries and service initiatives, but that it is equally important to take into consideration the '3Ps' that are critical for successful service implementation: payers, practitioners and patients.
authors.affiliation: UK Pfizer Health Solutions, Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey, UK. Pejman.Azarmina@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azarmina
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prestwich
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenquist
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019468:Disease Management; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care; D013222:State Medicine; D017216:Telemedicine; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States