title: Pregnant rats show enhanced spatial memory, decreased anxiety, and altered levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters.
abstract: Spatial memory, anxiety and central monoaminergic activities were measured in non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant females during two time periods of pregnancy: gestational days 7-9 (GD7, GD9) and gestation days 16-18 (GD16, GD18). Pregnant females discriminated between object locations on both test days on an object placement task, whereas NP females were unable to discriminate between locations. Pregnant females displayed decreased anxiety on the elevated plus maze on GD9 compared to NP females, followed by increased anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze on GD18. Monoamine levels and activity (as indexed by turnover ratio) were measured in prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus (areas important for memory), and medial preoptic area (mPOA, an area important in display of maternal behaviors). In the PFC, NP females generally had higher monoamine levels and turnover ratios; however, norepinephrine (NE) turnover was higher in pregnant females at GD18. In the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, monoamine levels and turnover ratios were generally higher during pregnancy, particularly on GD9. In the mPOA, pregnancy was associated with increases in NE activity, a previously unreported finding. The present study expands upon existing research indicating that pregnancy is beneficial to spatial memory and may decrease anxiety. Changes in monoamine levels and activity in specific brain regions indicate that the dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin systems may contribute to the observed behavioral differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10021, USA. macbetha@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Macbeth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gautreaux
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Luine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D009638:Norepinephrine