title: Differential gene expression profiles of normal human parotid and submandibular glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parotid and submandibular glands have different properties including characteristics of the secreted saliva and tumor incidences. The differences in properties of parotid and submandibular glands are not clear from a genetic viewpoint.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study differential gene expression profiles between normal human parotid and submandibular glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three pairs of normal parotid and submandibular glands were obtained. RNA was extracted from these samples. After reverse transcription, the cDNA was in vitro-transcribed to produce biotin-labeled cRNA. The purified biotin-labeled cRNA samples were hybridized to microarray chips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 54 675 tested transcripts, 47 transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the parotid gland compared with the submandibular gland, including tumor-associated genes (pleiotrophin, WNT5A, ABCC1) and transport-associated genes (SLCO1A2, SLC13A5, KCNJ15). Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13). Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of nine differentially expressed genes confirmed the microarray results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the different gene expression profiles of normal human parotid and submandibular glands, providing a genetic basis for their differing properties.
authors.affiliation: Salivary Gland Disease Center and the Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Q-F
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Q-H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D048348:Reverse Transcription; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D016207:Cytokines; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D009077:Mucins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012313:RNA; D027981:Symporters; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; C505032:CFTR protein, human; C103861:KCNJ15 protein, human; C470492:SLC13A5 protein, human; C512988:SLCO1A2 protein, human; C085389:WNT5A protein, human; C066845:pleiotrophin; C400542:UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine--polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7; C428927:UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT2B28; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1