title: Risk factors for Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh.
abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans. During January 2004, twelve patients with NiV encephalitis (NiVE) were identified in west-central Bangladesh. A case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with NiV infection. NiVE patients from the outbreak were enrolled in a matched case-control study. Exact odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a matched analysis. Climbing trees (83% of cases vs. 51% of controls, OR 8.2, 95% CI 1.25-infinity) and contact with another NiVE patient (67% of cases vs. 9% of controls, OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.78-966.1) were associated with infection. We did not identify an increased risk for NiV infection among persons who had contact with a potential intermediate host. Although we cannot rule out person-to-person transmission, case-patients were likely infected from contact with fruit bats or their secretions.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jmontgomery@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Mohamed J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Gurley D S
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Croisier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertherat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Formenty
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keeler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Molla
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wagoner
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Breiman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045405:Nipah Virus; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors