title: Modulation of peripheral B cell tolerance by CD72 in a murine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  B cells play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. It is not well understood how B cell signaling contributes to autoantibody production. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of CD72 in modulating B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated tolerogenic signaling and peripheral B cell tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mouse model utilizing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) "anergic" B cells was studied. CD72-deficient mice carrying the BCR-specific IgHEL and/or soluble HEL (sHEL) transgenes were generated by breeding IgHEL-transgenic MD4 mice and/or sHEL-transgenic ML5 mice with congenic, CD72-deficient C57BL/6J mice. Normal and anergic B cells were isolated for analyses of B cell signaling. Aged wild-type and CD72-deficient mice were also examined for autoimmune phenomena.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of CD72, anergic B cells inappropriately proliferated and survived in response to stimulation with self antigen. Biochemical analyses indicated that in anergic B cells, CD72 dominantly down-regulated BCR signaling to limit the antigen-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i and the activation of NFATc1, NF-kappaB, MAPK, and Akt. Mechanistically, CD72 was associated with, and regulated, the molecular adaptor Cbl-b in anergic B cells, suggesting that Cbl-b may play a role in mediating the negative effects of CD72 on BCR signaling. Moreover, in aged CD72-deficient mice, spontaneous production of antinuclear and anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies and features of lupus-like autoimmune disease were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD72 is required to maintain B cell anergy and functions as a regulator of peripheral B cell tolerance. Thus, altered CD72 expression may play a role during the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. dhli70x7@gmail.com
authors.forename: Daniel Hsieh-Hsin
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Monte M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: Thai M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Albert H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Corrine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Mellins
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Utz
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Crabtree
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Parnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017634:Self Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C513972:CD72 antigen, mouse