title: Formulation and characterization of catalase in albumin microspheres.
abstract: Catalase in albumin microspheres were formulated for intravenous administration to antagonize the effects of over-production of reactive oxygenated species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in septic shock. The aim was to increase effective half-life of catalase and take advantage of the phagocytic uptake of the encapsulated catalase by the vascular endothelium. Catalase microspheres were prepared by spray-drying. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size, particle shape and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drug encapsulation efficiency, chemical stability, thermal stability and in vitro drug release characteristics. The microspheres had a mean particle size of 4.7 +/- 2 microm, optimal for phagocytic uptake, as demonstrated by Makino et al. SEM revealed that microspheres were spherical with smooth surface morphology. An encapsulation efficiency of 91.5 +/- 3% was achieved and the encapsulated catalase was chemically and thermally stable. Application of in vitro drug release data to the Higuchi kinetic equation indicated matrix diffusion-controlled catalase release from albumin microspheres.
authors.affiliation: Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Siwale
authors.forename: Carl W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oettinger
authors.forename: S Balakrishna
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Aladin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddig
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D002374:Catalase