title: Factors affecting job and career satisfaction among community pharmacists: a structural equation modeling approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of continuing pharmacy education (CPE), preceptorship, and the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting job and career satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two grocery store pharmacy chains located in Indiana between May 2002 and February 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  108 community pharmacists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structural equation modeling was used to determine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, perceived benefits of CPE, advanced training, and being a preceptor on community pharmacists' job and career satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Job satisfaction predicted career satisfaction (regression weight 0.49, P = 0.007). The final model comprised extrinsic factors only (regression coefficient = 0.897, P = 0.013) with reasonable-fit indices (X2 ratio = 1.38, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07 [90% CI 0.05-0.09], Bentler comparative fit index 0.915). Intrinsic factors were omitted because of insignificant regression weight (B) in the initial model (B = 0.24, P = 0.278). CPE and preceptorship provided significantly positive effects on extrinsic factors, with coefficients of 0.30 (P = 0.029) and 0.27 (P = 0.027), respectively. While perceived value of being a preceptor contributed significantly to extrinsic factors related to job satisfaction, it was associated with a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = -0.41, P = 0.005). Advanced training had a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = -0.21, P = 0.114).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Job and career satisfaction are significantly influenced by extrinsic factors and may increase when pharmacists enroll in CPE programs and/or precept students. Pharmacists may engage in precepting in an attempt to increase job satisfaction. Further research in this area is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA. murawski@pharmacy.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murawski
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Payakachat
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koh-Knox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002321:Career Choice; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000458:organization & administration; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult