title: Investigating health effects in a community surrounding a road tunnel stack--a cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extended tunnelled roadways requiring ventilation via exhaust stacks are an increasingly common solution to traffic congestion around the world. In response to community concerns about adverse health effects associated with emissions from a new road tunnel exhaust stack, despite no demonstrable change in local ambient air quality, we conducted a cross sectional study to test for an association between exposure to the exhaust stack emissions and the presence of eye, nose and throat symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stack emissions were modelled and categorised into areas of high, medium and low levels of exposure to emissions. A telephone interview survey was conducted in these three zones. Multivariate analysis was undertaken using Cox Proportional Hazards modelling to estimate prevalence ratios between zones for eye, nose and throat symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of eye, nose and throat symptoms in the study area were 50 percent, 67 percent and 33 percent respectively and did not differ between the exposure zones. The presence of these symptoms was associated with a measure of reported "environmental worry".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study did not demonstrate a community wide health impact associated with modelled emissions but is unable to exclude the possibility of sensitive individuals being adversely affected.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Branch, New South Wales Health Department, Australia. adam.capon@doh.health.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capon
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sheppeard
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jalaludin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staff
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willmore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions