title: [Light exposition in vitreoretinal surgery. I. Basics].
abstract: Due to its function of light perception, the eye is exposed to high levels of radiation of the optical spectrum. Most of the ultraviolet and infrared radiation is absorbed in the cornea and lens, and mostly only radiation of the visible spectrum can reach the retina. Visible light can cause retinal damage by photomechanical, photothermal, and photochemical mechanisms. The most important mechanism of light damage to the retina under daily conditions or when using ophthalmologic light sources is the photochemical light toxicity caused by light-induced chemical reactions. The extent of damage depends on several factors, such as wavelength, exposure time, and irradiance. Particularly the shorter portion of the visible light spectrum (blue light) is responsible for photochemical damage to the retina.
authors.affiliation: Schwerpunkt Retinologie, Universitäts-Augenklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Höh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dithmar
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055668:Photochemical Processes / Q000528:radiation effects; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000209:etiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*