title: Clinical spectrum of internal hernia: a surgical emergency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the indicators of bowel ischemia caused by congenital or acquired internal hernia, based on our 10-year experience in one center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records, imaging studies, and operative findings of 20 patients who underwent surgery for an internal hernia at our medical center between 1995 and 2005. The clinical characteristics and related indicators of the patients with, and those without bowel ischemia were compared and analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subtypes of congenital internal hernia (CIH) included transmesenteric (n = 6, 60%), paraduodenal (n = 2, 20%), and pericecal (n = 2, 20%) hernia. The abdominal surgical procedures preceding acquired internal hernia (AIH) were Roux-en-Y anastomosis (n = 6, 60%) and appendectomy (n = 3, 30%). Transmesenteric hernia was the most prevalent type of CIH in children. Abdominal rebound tenderness, advanced leukocytosis (>18 000/mm(3)), or a high level of manual band form (>6%) were the positive predictive factors for bowel ischemia, whereas a history of chronic intermittent abdominal pain was a negative indicator. No recurrence was noted during the 10-year study period. The overall mortality rate was 20%, attributable to enteral bacteria sepsis in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internal hernia is a rare but lethal condition. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention provide the only chance of a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chi-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Han-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome