title: Microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables and their disinfection.
abstract: We evaluated the microbial contamination of 17 types of vegetable and 10 types of fruit after 30-s washing with tap water with and without subsequent disinfection by 10-min immersion in 0.01% (100 ppm) sodium hypochlorite. The mean microbial contamination level of 9 types of leafy vegetable was 2.8 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/g after washing with water and 3.4 x 10(4) CFU/g after washing followed by disinfection. The mean microbial contamination level of 8 types of nonleafy vegetable was 3.4 x 10(4) CFU/g after washing with water and 1.0 x 10(4) CFU/g after washing followed by disinfection. The mean microbial contamination level of 10 types of unpeeled fleshy fruit was 9.3 x 10(3) CFU/g after washing with water and 1.3 x 10(3) CFU/g after washing followed by disinfection. The contaminants in vegetables and unpeeled fruit were similar after washing and after washing followed by disinfection, including Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The contamination did not markedly decrease even after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. However, the flesh of each type of peeled fruit showed no or only low levels of contamination (<or=10 CFU/g), probably caused by the transfer of microorganisms from the skin of fruit via fruit knives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oie
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyonaga
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Katsuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tasaka
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aritomi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite