title: Acid rain and its ecological consequences.
abstract: Acidification of rain-water is identified as one of the most serious environmental problems of transboundary nature. Acid rain is mainly a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids depending upon the relative quantities of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen emissions. Due to the interaction of these acids with other constituents of the atmosphere, protons are released causing increase in the soil acidity Lowering of soil pH mobilizes and leaches away nutrient cations and increases availability of toxic heavy metals. Such changes in the soil chemical characteristics reduce the soil fertility which ultimately causes the negative impact on growth and productivity of forest trees and crop plants. Acidification of water bodies causes large scale negative impact on aquatic organisms including fishes. Acidification has some indirect effects on human health also. Acid rain affects each and every components of ecosystem. Acid rain also damages man-made materials and structures. By reducing the emission of the precursors of acid rain and to some extent by liming, the problem of acidification of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem has been reduced during last two decades.
authors.affiliation: Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Madhoolika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D055669:Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical