title: Occupational risk factors.
abstract: The association between exposure to selected chemical carcinogens, occupations or industries and bladder cancer is well established, and it is estimated that 20-27% of bladder cancers are attributable to occupational exposures. The risk of bladder cancer stemming from an occupational exposure depends not only on compound carcinogenicity, exposure intensity and workplace characteristics, but also on individual susceptibility to these cancers. Regulatory controls in industrialized nations have resulted in a decreased burden of exposure to bladder carcinogens in the workplace. Unfortunately, the same is unlikely in many developing countries, where risky technologies may have been transferred from more developed countries, and where enforcement of regulations and worker protection are likely to be less stringent.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77225, USA. George.Delclos@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Delclos
authors.forename: Seth P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lerner
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*