title: Gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is associated with asthma and IgE in three populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma prevalence and severity are high among underserved minorities, including those of African descent. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax on erythrocytes and functions as a chemokine-clearing receptor. Unlike European populations, decreased expression of the receptor on erythrocytes is common among populations of African descent, and results from a functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter. This variant provides an evolutionary advantage in malaria-endemic regions, because Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines-negative erythrocytes are more resistant to infection by P. vivax.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of the rs2814778 polymorphism in asthma and atopy as measured by total serum IgE levels among four populations of African descent (African Caribbean, African American, Brazilian, and Colombian) and a European American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family-based association tests were performed in each of the five populations to test for association between the rs2814778 polymorphism and asthma or total IgE concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthma was significantly associated with the rs2814778 polymorphism in the African Caribbean, Colombian, and Brazilian families (P < 0.05). High total IgE levels were associated with this variant in African Caribbean and Colombian families (P < 0.05). The variant allele was not polymorphic among European Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Susceptibility to asthma and atopy among certain populations of African descent is influenced by a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. This genetic variant, which confers resistance to malarial parasitic infection, may also partially explain ethnic differences in morbidity of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Candelaria
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: Yuhjung J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Audrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rafaels
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stockton
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Dilia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.forename: Mezbah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faruque
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunston
authors.forename: Terri H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Ricardo Riccio
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Eduardo V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Ponte
authors.forename: Alvaro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Maria Ilma
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caraballo
authors.forename: Renate G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Rasika A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Kathleen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics*; D001460:Barbados; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003105:Colombia; D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: C473745:ACKR1 protein, human; D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D007073:Immunoglobulin E