title: Blood pressure reduction during treatment for alcohol dependence: results from the Combining Medications and Behavioral Interventions for Alcoholism (COMBINE) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heavy drinking is associated with hypertension. This study evaluated blood pressure changes occurring during treatment for alcohol dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 1383 people participating in the Combining Medications and Behavioral Interventions for Alcoholism (COMBINE) study, a large multi-center treatment study for alcohol dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods appropriate for repeated-measures data were used to assess the relationship of percentage of drinking days (PDD) to systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a 16-week treatment period. Modification of these associations by demographic and other variables was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure reduction was evident only in people who were above the median blood pressure at baseline. In this group, systolic blood pressure decreased by an average of 12 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure decreased by an average of 8 mmHg. Blood pressure reduction occurred during the first month of treatment. This effect was similar regardless of age, sex, body mass index, reported history of hypertension and use of anti-hypertensive medications. An observed association between blood pressure and PDD in Caucasians was not evident in African Americans due largely to their lower pre-treatment blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction in alcohol consumption has a potent anti-hypertensive effect in alcoholics with higher blood pressure. For hypertensive, alcohol-dependent people, treatment for alcoholism should be considered a major component of anti-hypertensive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. stewarsh@musc.edu
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Raymond F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Anton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents