title: Quantitative assessment of divergence eye movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to quantify divergence eye movements and differences between divergence and convergence to smoothly moving ramp, step, and disappearing step stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight visually normal, adult subjects participated in three experiments investigating the dynamics of responses using an infrared limbal eye tracker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were four primary findings: (1) a smooth tracking behavior was observed for slow ramps while the fast ramps elicited smooth tracking combined with a high-velocity, step-like behavior; (2) the high-velocity components observed in the faster ramps had a similar main sequence as divergence steps; (3) divergence dynamics to disappearing steps starting at the subject's near dissociated phoria level were similar to corresponding step responses; and (4) the high-velocity components from divergence ramps were dependent on initial vergence position, whereas the high-velocity components from convergence ramps were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a preprogrammed component is present in divergence similar to convergence; however, unlike convergence, the high-velocity components from divergence ramp responses are dependent on initial vergence position.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. kwaa.tw@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: You Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tainsong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult