title: The psychobiology of trait shame in young women: extending the social self preservation theory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The social self preservation theory (SSPT) proposes that social evaluative threat evokes the emotion of shame, which then shapes a coordinated psychobiological response. While this is supported in acute stress studies, there is no data on chronic experiences of shame.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association of trait shame with activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and regulation of inflammation in n = 56 young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily profiles of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase were assessed as indices of HPA axis and SNS activity, respectively. Inflammatory regulation was assessed by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production and glucocorticoid inhibition of interleukin-6 in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trait shame was associated with SNS (r = .49; p = .001), but not HPA activity (r = .14; ns). Shame was associated with inflammatory activity (r = .35; p = .006) and glucocorticoid sensitivity (r = -0.43; p = .001). Relationships were not mediated by HPA and SNS activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support SSPT predictions with respect to chronic shame experience and inflammation. Results further suggest the importance of SNS activation related to shame, and the possibility that HPA activation may be limited acute experiences of shame.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. nicolasrohleder@mac.com
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rohleder
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jutta M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012752:Shame; D012919:Social Behavior; D012933:Social Identification
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone