title: The fragmented testis method: development and its advantages of a new quantitative evaluation technique for detection of testis-ova in male fish.
abstract: A new quantitative evaluation technique, termed the fragmented testis method, has been developed for the detection of testis-ova in genotypic male fish using the medaka (Oryzias latipes). The routine traditional histological method for detection of testis-ova in male fish exposed to estrogens or suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals has several disadvantages, including possible oversight of testis-ova due to limited sampling of selected tissue sections. The method we have developed here allows for the accurate determination of the developmental stages and the number and the size of testis-ova in a whole testis. Each testis was removed from the fish specimen, fixed with 10% buffered formalin solution, and then divided into small fragments on a glass slide with a dissecting needle or scalpel and aciform forceps in glycerin solution containing a small amount of methylene blue or toluidine blue. If present, all developing testis-ova of various sizes in fragmented testicular tissues were clearly stained and were observable under a dissecting microscope. Testis-ova occurred in controls were ascertained, while spermatozoa were also distinguishable using this method. This proved to be a convenient and cost-effective method for quantitatively evaluating testis-ova appearance in fish, and it may help to clarify the mechanism of testis-ova formation and the biological significance of testis-ova in future studies of endocrine disruption.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan. binle-lin@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Bin-Le
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagino
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagoshima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009990:Oryzias / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical