title: Eye hand coordination in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: Reaching to grasp an object of interest requires complex sensorimotor coordination involving eye, head, hand and trunk. While numerous studies have demonstrated deficits in each of these systems individually, little is known about how children with cerebral palsy (CP) coordinate multiple motor systems for functional tasks. Here we used kinematics, remote eye tracking and a trunk support device to examine the functional coupling of the eye, head and hand and the extent to which it was constrained by trunk postural control in 10 children with CP (6-16 years). Eye movements in children with CP were similar to typically developing (TD) peers, while hand movements were significantly slower. Postural support influenced initiation of hand movements in the youngest children (TD & CP) and execution of hand movements in children with CP differentially depending on diagnosis. Across all diagnostic categories, the most robust distinction between TD children and children with CP was in their ability to isolate eye, head and hand movements. Results of this study suggest that deficits in motor coordination for accurate reaching in children with CP may reflect coupled eye, head, and hand movements. We have previously suggested that coupled activation of effectors may be the default output for the CNS during early development.
authors.affiliation: Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. ssaavedr@uoregon.edu
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: Simantini J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Karve
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woollacott
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Donkelaar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*