title: The bovine kidney as an experimental model in urology: external gross anatomy.
abstract: The objective of this work was to obtain and record detailed and accurate measurements of the bovine kidney and to compare these new data with findings in humans. Thirty-eight bovine kidneys were used. The total number of lobes, along with the number of lobes located in the cranial polar, caudal polar and hilar regions, were recorded. Several measurements of the kidneys were made and evaluated. The hilar region presents the greatest length (mean of 76.87 mm) of the 3 renal regions of the kidney. The large area of the bovine renal hilus could make access to hilar structures easier than in the human kidney. The coefficient of variation for renal length was small (8.14%), while the coefficient of variation for the lobar number was high (26.82%). The number of renal lobes ranged from 13 to 35, with a mean of 20.62. The hilar region presents the highest number of lobes, while the cranial pole presents the lowest. The number of lobes in the cranial and caudal poles increases with the width of these regions. This is different from the hilar region, in which the lobar number increases with the length of the hilus. These data indicate that the adult bovine kidney can be used as a model for certain urologic procedures, but researchers must be aware that there are some major differences between the adult bovine kidney and the human kidney, as indicated by the data reported in this paper.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Serra dos Orgãos University Center, Teresopólis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francismar S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Hélio J S
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bagetti Filho
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pereira-Sampaio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014572:Urology