title: Pre-medication practices and incidence of infusion-related reactions in patients receiving AMPHOTEC: data from the Patient Registry of Amphotericin B Cholesteryl Sulfate Complex for Injection Clinical Tolerability (PRoACT) registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies have suggested that rates of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) may be higher with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) versus other forms of amphotericin B. However, these studies did not permit the use of pre-medications upfront, which are now commonly used. Objectives To describe the use of pre-medications and determine the rate of IRRs in the real-world setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRoACT, a multicentre, worldwide observational registry, captured real-world data about pre-medication practices and IRRs in patients receiving ABCD. Eligible patients were those beginning treatment with ABCD; treatment was according to the site's standard treatment practice. Incidence of IRRs was collected during the first 10 days of ABCD therapy. Clinical response data were collected 12 weeks after treatment start.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and seventy patients from 21 worldwide sites were included (median age 37 years; 52% male). There were a total of 1230 ABCD infusions (mean dose 2.8 mg/kg/day); 90% of the infusions (1105/1230) had pre-medication. Common pre-medications included corticosteroids, antihistamines, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and metamizole. The overall IRR rate was 12% (147/1230) and was lower in infusions with pre-medication (11%) versus no pre-medication (22%), P < 0.001. Corticosteroids were associated with a decreased incidence of IRRs (P < 0.05), while paracetamol and antihistamines were not. The most common IRRs were chills (7%), fever (7%) and rigors (5%). Clearance of the fungal infection occurred in 52% of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a lower rate of IRRs with ABCD than previously reported. Pre-medication is associated with decreased IRR incidence. Corticosteroids in particular appear to decrease IRRs while paracetamol and antihistamines, though commonly used, do not.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Mirando
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrsic
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cetkovsky
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterba
authors.forename: Gregerly
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krivan
authors.forename: Darinka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boskovic
authors.forename: Minqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000666:Amphotericin B; C007045:cholesteryl sulfate