title: Incidence and correlates of drug-eluting stent thrombosis in routine clinical practice. 4-year results from a large 2-institutional cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the risk of late stent thrombosis (ST) during long-term follow-up beyond 3 years, searched for predictors, and assessed the impact of ST on overall mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Late ST was reported to occur at an annual rate of 0.6% up to 3 years after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8,146 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) (n=3,823) or paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) (n=4,323) and were followed up to 4 years after stent implantation. Dual antiplatelet treatment was prescribed for 6 to 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Definite ST occurred in 192 of 8,146 patients with an incidence density of 1.0/100 patient-years and a cumulative incidence of 3.3% at 4 years. The hazard of ST continued at a steady rate of 0.53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44 to 0.64) between 30 days and 4 years. Diabetes was an independent predictor of early ST (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.28), and acute coronary syndrome (HR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.51), younger age (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.99), and use of PES (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.56) were independent predictors of late ST. Rates of death and myocardial infarction at 4 years were 10.6% and 4.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late ST occurs steadily at an annual rate of 0.4% to 0.6% for up to 4 years. Diabetes is an independent predictor of early ST, whereas acute coronary syndrome, younger age, and PES implantation are associated with late ST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wenaweser
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daemen
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwahlen
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jüni
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaina
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellige
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Cyrill
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morger
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kukreja
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Serruys
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Windecker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus