title: Effects of oral fat perception by modified sham feeding on energy expenditure, hormones and appetite profile in the postprandial state.
abstract: Previously, we have shown that satiety and metabolites increased after high-fat modified sham feeding (MSF). We assessed possible metabolic effects due to oral stimulation with a high-fat sham-fed 'meal', in comparison with a high-fat fed meal and with water, in the postprandial state. Fourteen healthy women (aged 18-40 years; BMI 22.5 (SD 3) kg/m2) were fed in energy balance during 4 d with a 50 % energy as carbohydrate, 15 % energy as protein and 35 % energy as fat menu. On day 4, subjects were given one out of three test lunches, 5 h after a high-fat breakfast, in random order: a high-fat MSF lunch, water (W) or the same lunch to be eaten (E), during their 36 h stay in the respiration chamber, where substrate oxidation, 24 h energy expenditure (EE) and appetite profile were measured. Oral fat stimulation by MSF increased EE (W 6.3 (SD 0.8) v. MSF 6.9 (SD 1.0) kJ/min and E 6.8 (SD 0.7) kJ/min; P < 0.04) for 1 h, increased plasma insulin concentrations (t = 15; W 10.0 (SD 3.4) v. MSF 13.2 (SD 4.0) v. E 22.3 (SD 3.3) units/l; P < 0.0001), attenuated changes in plasma NEFA concentrations (t = 15, W 432 (SD 108) v. MSF 418 (SD 146) v. E 282 (SD 72) micromol/l; P < 0.0001), plasma TAG concentrations (t = 60; W 1092 (SD 548) v. MSF 1116 (SD 493) micromol/l and E 1350 (SD 352) micromol/l; P < 0.02) and plasma glycerol concentrations (t = 15, W 87 (SD 29) v. MSF 74 (SD 34) micromol/l and E 67 (SD 18) micromol/l; P < 0.03). Over a longer period of time, MSF had no effects on substrate oxidation, diet-induced thermogenesis or total EE. In addition to the previously observed metabolic effects of oral stimulation with fat, EE is stimulated up to 1 h after the MSF meal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands. astrid.smeets@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Astrid J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: Manuela P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: Margriet S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westerterp-Plantenga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin