title: Glycolysis module activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is related to the aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: An increased level of glycolysis, an intracellular hallmark of neoplasms, enables cancer cells to survive under various conditions. To elucidate the role of increased glycolysis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the associations between the expression patterns of 14 glycolysis-related genes and clinicopathologic factors in 60 HCCs by using pooled transcriptome data. We then evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the knockdown of ENO1, which is encoded by a glycolysis-related gene, in HCC cells. Among the 14 genes, levels of 8 genes (GPI, ALDOA, TPI1, GAPD, PGK, PGAM, ENO1 and PKM), all of which can be transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), were significantly higher in HCC with venous invasion (VI) than in HCC without VI. Our cluster analysis showed that HCC patients with activation of the 8 HIF-1alpha-regulated genes had significantly shorter overall survival (P=0.023) than did HCC patients without increased expression levels of these genes. The association between the levels of ENO1 and VI was confirmed in an independent sample set of 49 HCCs by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. The knockdown of ENO1 by small-interfering RNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of an HCC cell line (HLE cells) in both the glucose-rich and glucose-free conditions, accompanied by a decreased S phase and increased G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of an HIF-1alpha-regulated glycolysis module is closely related to the aggressive phenotype of HCC, and that ENO1, a glycolysis module gene, might serve as a new target to circumvent HCC metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Ryouichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsunedomi
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Michihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuhisa
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Motonari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamesa
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C095157:ENO1 protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D005947:Glucose