title: Differences in determinants of left ventricular mass assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging across subjects with and without previous symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most previous studies on determinants of left ventricular (LV) mass have used echocardiography, which is less accurate than cardiac MRI (CMR). Furthermore, studies that used CMR to study the determinants of LV mass were performed in the general population. However, determinants may differ between those with and without previous symptomatic events. We studied the relation between atherosclerotic risk factors and LV mass in subjects free from cardiac disease, yet with and without atherosclerotic disease elsewhere.
  
  
  METHODS
  A CMR was performed in 531 hypertensive subjects with clinically manifest extra-cardiac atherosclerotic disease or marked risk factors for atherosclerosis. In all subjects information on atherosclerotic risk factors was collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to study the relation of risk factors with LV mass. Interaction was evaluated with multiplicative interaction terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, male gender, weight, height, systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, current smoking, and a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were related to an increased LV mass. In subjects without a history of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, gender, weight, height and systolic blood pressure were related to LV mass. In addition to these risk factors, albuminuria, current smoking and a history of AAA were related to LV mass in subjects with a history of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study points towards differences in risk factor relations across populations with and without symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. The observed relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and LV mass re-emphasizes the importance of adequate treatment of modifiable risk factors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs F L
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Meijs
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: Maarten-Jan M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Evert-Jan A
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vonken
authors.forename: Birgitta K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Velthuis
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spiering
authors.forename: Willem P Th M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: Pieter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Doevendans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology