title: Changing use of surfactant over 6 years and its relationship to chronic lung disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goals were to identify the trend of surfactant use over a 6-year period and to determine whether a relationship exists between the incidence of chronic lung disease in infants born weighing <1000 g who receive surfactant and those who do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding surfactant use, incidence of chronic lung disease, nasal continuous positive airway pressure use and duration, and demographic data were collected from the Alere (formerly ParadigmHealth) database from 2001 to 2006 (n = 3086). Groups were compared by using chi(2) test, analysis of variance, or Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of surfactant has decreased over time from 67% in 2001 to 59.9% in 2006. Infants who received surfactant were more likely to develop chronic lung disease. Those who received >1 dose of surfactant were more likely to develop chronic lung disease when compared with infants treated with only 1 dose. Chronic lung disease rates have risen over time from 47.8% in 2001 to 57.8% in 2006. There was no difference in survival between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the findings that surfactant use decreased during the study period and the rate of chronic lung disease increased, the data do not support a connection. Infants who receive surfactant are more likely to develop chronic lung disease, and chronic lung disease rates are stable in those infants not treated with surfactant. It is concerning, however, that 60% of infants not receiving surfactant developed chronic lung disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. euming.chong@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: Euming
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenspan
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirkby
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Culhane
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dysart
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D009017:Morbidity; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants