title: "Dry biopsies" with spraying of dilute epinephrine optimize biopsy mapping of long segment Barrett's esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For surveillance of Barrett's esophagus random stepwise four-quadrant biopsy (4QB) is recommended for detecting macroscopically occult neoplasias. Thorough performance of the systematic protocol is commonly hampered by poor visibility due to oozing from biopsy sites. Topical application of dilute epinephrine may prevent bleeding by vasoconstriction of superficial microvessels and might therefore enable "dry biopsy" sampling. The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of spraying dilute epinephrine for optimal 4QB mapping of Barrett's esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, double-blind trial 40 patients with known long segment Barrett's esophagus were randomly allocated to undergo spraying with either dilute epinephrine (1 : 20 000) (epinephrine group; n = 20) or saline (control group; n = 20) before 4QB sampling. During endoscopies patients received continuous monitoring of vital parameters. Endoscopists blinded to randomization assessed visibility scores during biopsy sampling. Additionally, electronically stored images of the Barrett's esophagus segment after 4QB sampling were evaluated by blinded assessors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean length of Barrett's segments was 5.5 +/- 1.8 cm and the mean number of 4QBs was 12.5 +/- 3.6 with no statistically significant differences between control and epinephrine groups. Epinephrine spraying did not affect patients' vital parameters. Visualization ratings by endoscopists on site and by the assessors of the stored images were significantly better in the epinephrine compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, epinephrine spraying reduced the time for 4QB sampling (P = 0.015) and the mean number of saline flushes needed to maintain visibility (P = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel "dry biopsy" technique with spraying of dilute epinephrine is safe, and facilitates thorough performance of systematic 4QB mapping of Barrett's esophagus by improvement of visibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dr Horst Schmidt Klinik, Wiesbaden, Medical School of the University of Mainz, Germany. pohljuergen@web.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Tat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pech
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Weyenberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ell
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine