title: In vitro cytotoxicities of ionic liquids: effect of cation rings, functional groups, and anions.
abstract: In vitro cytotoxicities were measured for ionic liquids (ILs) containing various cations and anions using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. We measured the cytotoxicities of ionic liquids containing the cations pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, or imidazolium with various alkyl chain lengths, and the anions bromide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (Tf(2)N), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO), or nonafluoromethylsulfonate (NfO). Three new hydrophobic, task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), namely, [MBCNPip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), [MPS(2)Pip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), and [MPS(2)Pyrro](+)[Tf(2)N](-) designed for metal-ion extraction were also evaluated. IC(50) values of the ionic liquids toward the MCF7 cells ranged from 8 microM to 44 mM. The toxicity depended significantly on the nature of the cations and anions, especially when the cations contained a long side chain. TSILs studied in this work were less toxic than the classical ILs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: R Anand
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papaïconomou
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prausnitz
mesh_terms: D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D000838:Anions; D001965:Bromides; D002412:Cations; D052578:Ionic Liquids