title: Hfq regulates the expression of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hfq gene is conserved in a wide variety of bacteria and Hfq is involved in many cellular functions such as stress responses and the regulation of gene expression. It has also been reported that Hfq is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. However, it is not clear whether Hfq regulates virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To evaluate this, we investigated the effect of Hfq on the expression of virulence-associated genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), which is considered to be an important virulence factor in V. parahaemolyticus, using an hfq deletion mutant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The production of TDH in the hfq deletion mutant was much higher than in the parental strain. Quantification of tdh promoter activity and mRNA demonstrated that transcription of the tdh gene was up-regulated in the mutant strain. The hfq-complemented strain had a normal (parental) amount of tdh expression. The transcriptional activity of tdhA was particularly increased in the mutant strain. These results indicate that Hfq is closely associated with the expression level of the tdh gene. Interestingly, other genes involved in the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus, such as VP1680, vopC, and vopT, were also up-regulated in the mutant strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hfq regulates the expression of virulence-associated factors such as TDH and may be involved in the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. mnakano@nutr.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Zehong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Nagakatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mawatari
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaya
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein; D037521:Virulence Factors; C068489:thermostable direct hemolysin