title: Ultrasonic dyeing of cationized cotton fabric with natural dye. Part 1: cationization of cotton using Solfix E.
abstract: The dyeing of cationized cotton fabric with Solfix E using colouring matter extracted from Cochineal dye has been studied using both conventional and ultrasonic techniques. Factors affecting dye extraction such as ultrasound power, particle size, extraction temperature and time were studied. The results indicated that the extraction by ultrasound at 300 W was more effective at lower temperature and time than conventional extraction. The effect of various factors of dye bath such as pH, salt concentration, ultrasound power, dyeing time and temperature were investigated. The colour strength values obtained were found to be higher with ultrasound than with conventional techniques. The results of fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were fair to good. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the morphological and X-ray analyzes were measured for cationized cotton fabrics dyed with both conventional and ultrasound methods, thus showing the sonicator efficiency.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre, Textile Research Division, El-Behoos Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt. mona_kamel_nrc@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: El Zawahry
authors.forename: N S E
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdelghaffar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007313:Insecta / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013784:Textiles / Q000032:analysis*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; C535172:C.I. Direct Blue 85; D002412:Cations; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D009584:Nitrogen