title: Body mass index and outcome after ventricular assist device placement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The implantation of ventricular assist devices (VAD) is an established treatment for end-stage congestive heart failure. Extremes of body mass index (BMI) are associated with decreased survival after cardiac surgery. Many patients with congestive heart failure develop cardiac cachexia. In this study the association between BMI and outcomes after VAD implantation was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (n = 590) who underwent VAD placement between 1996 and 2006 were divided into five groups based on BMI (kg/m2) quintiles (<20; 20-24; 25-29; 30-35; and >35). In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis, emergency level, and type of device (left ventricular or biventricular assist device), procedural success (recovery, transplantation, or 30-day survival) and complications were analyzed. The best group was set as reference category for calculation of odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups with both extremes of BMI had the worst outcomes. The best procedural success was in the group with BMI 25 to 29 kg/m2. Underweight patients had similar survival rates to patients with normal weight. Overweight and obese patients did not have decreased survival. Extreme obesity at the time of VAD implantation showed elevated risk for postoperative death. There was no significant difference for BMI groups in the type of complications and cause of death. Cumulative survival curves for BMI category and overall VAD patient survival showed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac cachexia need not be an exclusion criterion for VAD placement. Underweight patients appear to have benefit from mechanical support. Severely obese patients should be carefully selected before VAD placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany. musci@dhzb.de
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musci
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loforte
authors.forename: Evgenij V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Potapov
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krabatsch
authors.forename: Yuguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Miralem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasic
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome