title: Emergence of the GII4/2006b variant and recombinant noroviruses in China.
abstract: Noroviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis. Increasing data showed that the GII-4 strains are predominant worldwide and new GII-4 variants emerge every 1-2 years causing major epidemics. Surveillance of gastroenteritis in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in China is described. Among 1,110 specimens, 114 (10.3%) were positive for noroviruses, which was higher than adenoviruses (7.6%), astroviruses (3.5%), and sapoviruses (0.9%) and only lower than group A rotaviruses (40.6%). Thirty-eight of the 114 positive norovirus cases were co-infected with other enteric viruses. Five norovirus genotypes (GI-2, GI-4, GII-3, GII-4, and GII-14) were detected, with GII-4/2006b the most predominant type (64.9%). The reported recombinant of GII-3 capsid and GII-4 polymerase described previously was also detected frequently and a recombinant of GII-14 capsid and GII-6 polymerase was found for the first time. This study suggests that continual surveillance focusing on strain variation and dynamic change is important for understanding the epidemiology and development of a strategy for disease control and prevention.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hua-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhao-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing-shan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Su-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jie-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zi-qian
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shu-xian
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhao-yin
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral