title: A solid-state NMR study of phase structure, molecular interactions, and mobility in blends of citric acid and paracetamol.
abstract: Citric acid anhydrate (CAA) and paracetamol (PARA), prepared as crystalline physical mixtures and as amorphous blends, were studied using (13)C solid-state cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR. Amorphous blends showed significant line broadening from the conformational distribution as compared to the crystalline samples. Also, chemical shift variations were observed between crystalline and amorphous blends, which were attributed to differences in intermolecular interactions. Averaging of proton rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1rho)) probed via different (13)C sites in the amorphous blends confirmed molecular level mixing. For some, initially amorphous, sample compositions the onset of crystallization was evident directly from spectra and from the significantly longer T(1rho) relaxations. Thus, crystallization caused phase separation with properties of the two phases resembling those of pure CAA and PARA, respectively. (13)C spectra of amorphous 50/50 (w/w, %) CAA/PARA recorded from above the glass transition temperature broadened as the temperature increased to a maximum at T approximately T(g) + 33 K. This was the result of a dynamic interference between the line narrowing techniques being applied and the time scale of molecular reorientation in the miscible melt. The derived average correlation time was found to correspond well with previous results from melt rheology. We conclude that the underlying reasons for physical instability (i.e., crystallization from the miscible melt, including molecular interactions and dynamics) of this class of amorphous binary mixtures can be effectively evaluated using NMR spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca R&D, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoppu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Juppo
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000737:chemistry*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D019343:Citric Acid; D000082:Acetaminophen