title: Mechanism of synergistic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth by lactic acid, monolaurin, and nisin.
abstract: The combined lactic acid, monolaurin, and nisin effects on time-to-detection (optical density at 600 nm) extension were greater (P < 0.05) than any single or paired combination effect, which demonstrates a synergistic interaction among the antimicrobials. Monolaurin exposure caused C12:0 cell membrane incorporation. Lactic acid caused increased monolaurin C12:0 membrane incorporation, while nisin had no influence. We postulate that lactic acid-enhanced monolaurin C12:0 incorporation into the cell membrane increased membrane fluidity resulting in increased nisin activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9805, USA.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tokarskyy
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007848:Laurates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007848:Laurates; D050178:Monoglycerides; D009561:Nisin; C020777:monolaurin; D019344:Lactic Acid