title: An integrated psychobiological predictive model of emergent psychopathology among young relatives at risk for schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies of young relatives at elevated risk for schizophrenia have pointed to the importance of a variety of neurobiological, cognitive, and clinical risk factors for the disorder; yet few have employed integrated models to estimate the joint contribution of these factors to heightened schizophrenic risk. We tested the predictive power of an integrated psychobiological model of schizophrenia risk to subsequent psychopathology development among young relatives at risk for the disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young first (n=66) and second (n=20) degree relatives of schizophrenia probands were followed for an average of 3 (SD=1.13) years to examine their trajectories toward psychopathology development. Neurobiologic, cognitive, and clinical measures were employed in an integrated structural equation model to estimate their contribution to the prospective emergence of psychopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that neurobiological, neurocognitive, and psychosis proneness factors at baseline were all uniquely predictive of subsequent psychopathology development, and that an integrated model of psychopathology development that took into account these factors provided an excellent fit to the observed data. Subsequent classification analyses of model accuracy using likelihood ratios adjusting for the base-rate of psychopathology development in this sample revealed that individuals identified by this model had a 71% chance of developing psychopathology in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An integrated model of biobehavioral risk factors may provide a powerful method for predicting psychopathology and schizophrenia risk in at-risk samples. If validated, this model may be useful for early detection and intervention programs. Future research will need to focus particularly on predicting schizophrenia development and refining models to further enhance sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. sme12@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Shaun M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eack
authors.forename: Konasale M R
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Debra M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Montrose
authors.forename: Dhruman D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Goradia
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dworakowski
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miewald
authors.forename: Matcheri S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011599:Psychopathology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult