title: Bioluminescent Aspergillus fumigatus, a new tool for drug efficiency testing and in vivo monitoring of invasive aspergillosis.
abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is the main cause of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, and only a limited number of drugs for treatment are available. A screening method for new antifungal compounds is urgently required, preferably an approach suitable for in vitro and in vivo studies. Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful tool to study the temporal and spatial resolutions of the infection and the effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Here, we describe the construction of a bioluminescent A. fumigatus strain by fusing the promoter of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from A. fumigatus with the luciferase gene from Photinus pyralis to control the expression of the bioluminescent reporter. A. fumigatus transformed with this construct revealed high bioluminescence under all tested growth conditions. Furthermore, light emission correlated with the number of conidia used for inoculation and with the biomass formed after different incubation times. The bioluminescent strains were suitable to study the effectiveness of antifungals in vitro by several independent methods, including the determination of light emission with a microplate reader and the direct visualization of light emission with an IVIS 100 system. Moreover, when glucocorticoid-treated immunosuppressed mice were infected with a bioluminescent strain, light emission was detected from infected lungs, allowing the visualization of the progression of invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, this new bioluminescence tool is suitable to study the in vitro effectiveness of drugs and the disease development, localization, and burden of fungi within tissues and may also provide a powerful tool to study the effectiveness of antifungals in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Junior Research Group Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany. Matthias.brock@hki-jena.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jouvion
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droin-Bergère
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dussurget
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.forename: Oumaïma
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibrahim-Granet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D048888:Fireflies / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D049449:Luminescence; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases