title: Addiction to elevated insulin-like growth factor I receptor and initial modulation of the AKT pathway define the responsiveness of rhabdomyosarcoma to the targeting antibody.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and its ligands are overexpressed by tumors, mediating proliferation and protecting against stress-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, there has been a considerable amount of interest in developing therapeutic agents against IGF-IR. IGF-IR is believed to be ubiquitously expressed without detectable mutation or amplification in cancer. We explored the determinants of cellular response to a humanized anti-IGF-IR antibody. Our results showed a large variation in IGF-IR levels in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor specimens that were comparable with those in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. In vitro analysis revealed a direct and very significant correlation between elevated IGF-IR levels and antiproliferative effects of the antibody and defined a receptor number that would predict sensitivity. Our data further suggested a strong dependence on IGF-IR for AKT signaling in cells with elevated IGF-IR. The sensitivity of the high IGF-IR-expressing cells was blocked with a constitutively active AKT. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway was not affected by the antibody. In vivo studies showed that anti-IGF-IR had single-agent antitumor activity; furthermore, predictions of responses based on IGF-IR levels were accurate. In vivo biomarker analysis suggested that h7C10 down-regulated both IGF-IR and p-AKT initially, concordant with antitumor activity. Subsequent progression of tumors was associated with reactivation of p-AKT despite sustained suppression of IGF-IR. These results identified the first predictive biomarker for anti-IGF-IR therapies in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4265, USA. caoli@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yunkai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Darko
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: Linnia H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mayeenuddin
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Chand
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Helman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt