title: Perfectionism underlying psychological background correlated with the symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early satiety, bloating, and postprandial distress are common symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Perfectionism is known to be associated with AN, accompanied by abnormal eating behavior. We analyzed perfectionism in FD as compared with that in AN, and investigated the correlation of perfectionism with abdominal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 168 patients with FD according to the Rome II criteria (65% females, mean age 47.7 years) and 101 with AN according to the DSM-IV criteria (100% females, mean age 23 years). As control, 130 healthy subjects (81% females, mean age 26.2 years) were studied. Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) was used to evaluate perfectionism. Abdominal symptoms were evaluated on the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subscale scores except for organization were significantly higher in patients with AN than in controls. The parental criticism (PC) score in patients with FD was also significantly higher than that in controls, but lower than that in patients with AN. PC was significantly correlated with the total GSRS, particularly indigestion scores of FD patients (P = 0.0476 and P = 0.0294).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perfectionism such as PC underlying the psychological background of FD patients may be correlated with their abdominal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iketani
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadouchi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshitani
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiriike
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory