title: Characterization of midgut and salivary gland proteins of Hyalomma dromedarii females controlled by entomopathogenic nematodes.
abstract: Biological control of hard ticks, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) using entomopathogenic nematode of two families; Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae was studied. The protective effect of controlled ticks including haemolymph and haemocytes against these biological agents were also investigated. It was found that heterorhabditid strains cause a higher effect in biological control of engorged female H. dromedarii than those of stienernematid strains. It induced mortality rates ranged from 12-92% versus 4-88% for stienernematid strains. It was also found that these entomopathogenic nematodes can not reproduce within the exposed ticks. SDS-PAGE of proteins extracted from midguts and salivary glands infected with 4000 IJs tick(-1) separated 21 and 25 protein bands versus 13 and 19 protein bands from non-infected ones, respectively. It was concluded that entomopathogenic nematodes of family Heterorhabditidae proved to have a potential acaricidal effect in the control of hard ticks. Moreover, the controlled ticks released unknown proteins in their haemolymph that may promote the haemocytes to phagocyte the nematodes as a type of defense mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Sadawy
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zayed
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shazly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000469:parasitology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides