title: Nasoalveolar molding improves appearance of children with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate is associated with nasal deformities typified by a short columella. The authors compared nasal outcomes of cleft patients treated with banked fork flaps to those of patients who underwent nasoalveolar molding and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 26 consecutive patients with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate was performed. Group 1 patients (n = 13) had a cleft lip repair and nasal correction with banked fork flaps. Group 2 patients (n = 13) had nonsurgical columellar elongation with nasoalveolar molding followed by cleft lip closure and primary retrograde nasal correction. Group 3 patients (n = 13) were age-matched controls. Columellar length was measured at presentation and at 3 years of age. The number of nasal operations was recorded to 9 years. The Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey-Kramer tests were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial columellar length was 0.49 +/- 0.37 mm in group 1 and 0.42 +/- 0.62 mm in group 2. Post-nasoalveolar molding columellar length was 4.5 +/- 0.76 mm in group 2. By 3 years of age, columellar length was 3.03 +/- 1.47 mm in group 1, 5.98 +/- 1.09 mm in group 2, and 6.35 +/- 0.99 mm in group 3. Group 2 columellar length was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than that of group 1 and not statistically different from that of group 3 (p > 0.05). All group 1 patients (13 of 13) needed secondary nasal surgery. No nasoalveolar molding patients (zero of 13, group 2) required secondary nasal surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonsurgical columellar elongation with nasoalveolar molding followed by primary retrograde nasal reconstruction restored columellar length to normal by 3 years and significantly reduced the need for secondary nasal surgery.
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y. From the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Catherine T H
authors.initials: CTH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Judah S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garfinkle
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Lawrence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.forename: Court B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cutting
authors.forename: Barry H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Grayson
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D015607:Stents; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000295:instrumentation*