title: Newborn screening for sickle cell disease using tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonatal screening programs for sickle cell disease are now widespread in North American and European countries. Most programs apply isoelectric focusing or HPLC to detect hemoglobin variants. Because tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is being used for screening of inherited metabolic disorders and allows protein identification, it was worth testing for hemoglobinopathy screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  We minimized sample preparation and analysis times by avoiding prior purification, derivatization, or separation. We developed a tryptic digestion methodology to screen for the main clinically important variants (Hb S, Hb C, and Hb E) and beta-thalassemia. To ensure proper discrimination between homozygote and heterozygote variants, we selected 4 transitions with good signal intensities for each specific peptide and calculated variant/Hb A ratios for each. Method validation included intra- and interseries variability, carryover, and limit of detection. We also performed a comparative study with isoelectric focusing results on 2082 specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraassay imprecision values (CVs) varied between 2.5% and 30.7%. Interassay CVs were between 6.3% and 23.6%. Carryover was <0.03%, and the limit of detection was fixed at 1% of Hb S. According to the MS/MS settings (detection of Hb S, Hb C, Hb E, and beta-globin production defects), the comparative study did not yield any discrepant results between the 2 techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS/MS is a reliable method for hemoglobinopathy neonatal screening.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Génétique Humaine, CHU, University of Liège, Belgium. F.Boemer@chu.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boemer
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ketelslegers
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Minon
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bours
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoos
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis; D006444:Hemoglobin C / Q000032:analysis; D006446:Hemoglobin E / Q000032:analysis; D006451:Hemoglobin, Sickle / Q000032:analysis; D006453:Hemoglobinopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D006451:Hemoglobin, Sickle; D006444:Hemoglobin C; D006441:Hemoglobin A; D006446:Hemoglobin E