title: Lidocaine hydrochloride gel for ocular anesthesia: results of a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effectiveness of Akten (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL), a novel ophthalmic gel anesthetic agent for complete ocular anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multicenter Phase III clinical trial to evaluate Akten gel. The study had four cohorts of subjects who received sham gel, Akten 1.5%, Akten 2.5%, and Akten 3.5%, respectively. Subjects were assessed for achievement of anesthesia at defined time intervals and questioned for "pain" or "no pain" following pinching of the conjunctiva with 0.3-mm forceps at predetermined intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 209 subjects were entered into the study. The percentages of patients achieving the primary endpoint (ie, anesthesia within 5 minutes) were as follows: 22% for sham, 88% for Akten 1.5%, 89% for Akten 2.5%, and 92% for Akten 3.5%, respectively. Safety measures including corneal staining, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye pain with administra-tion were low and comparable in all cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Akten gel appears to be an effective and safe ocular anesthetic. All doses were well tolerated and no dose-related corneal toxicity was observed.
authors.affiliation: Tennessee Retina, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Busbee
authors.forename: Abu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine