Novel drugs for renal cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has undergone significant changes over the past 3 years after a long period of relative stagnation. A better understanding of the biology of the tumor led to the discovery of molecular targeted therapies resulting in significant improvement in outcome for this common malignancy.


OBJECTIVE
A review of new drugs, both established and investigational, at present used in the treatment of RCC is provided in this article.


METHODS
A comprehensive free-text search of all available published literature including but not limited to, Medline, Scopus, American Society of Clinical Oncology presentations, National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and information available through other national and international scientific organizations was carried out during the preparation of this manuscript.


CONCLUSIONS
Targeted therapy in RCC is a prime example of successful translational research. Continuing clinical and preclinical research in drug development holds promise for further advances in this area.
Vakkalanka
Bhanu K
BK
Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. vakkalb@ccf.org
Bukowski
Ronald M
RM
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077784:Axitinib; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000068338:Everolimus; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077210:Sunitinib
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D011799:Quinazolines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; C516631:volociximab; C401859:temsirolimus; C516667:pazopanib; D000068338:Everolimus; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077784:Axitinib; C500926:cediranib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus