title: Entrainment and coupling of the hamster suprachiasmatic clock by daily dark pulses.
abstract: The circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of hamsters kept in constant light (LL) can split into two distinct components that, in steady state, lie 180 degrees apart. The splitting phenomenon is the result of antiphase circadian oscillations between left and right sides of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the master circadian clock in mammals. In unsplit hamsters housed in LL, a single dark pulse produces a phase-shift of the wheel-running activity rhythm, accompanied by a transient down-regulation of clock gene expression in the SCN. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of daily 1-hr dark pulses on wheel-running activity rhythm and on the expression of clock and nonclock proteins in the SCN of Syrian hamsters exposed to LL conditions. The results show that a daily 1-hr dark pulse entrained the rhythm of wheel-running activity of unsplit hamsters. In addition, in split animals, unimodal coupling of the two locomotor activity components was produced by daily 1-hr dark pulses. In the SCN, the effects of entrainment and unimodal coupling of the two separate components by dark observed in behavior were also evident in the bilateral expression of the proteins c-FOS, p-ERK, PERIOD 1, and calbindin. These results show that the bilaterally asymmetric SCN clock, underlying split circadian behavior, can be recoupled in phase and entrained by short daily dark exposure, indicating the synchronizing potency of darkness on the main circadian clock.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Département de Neurobiologie des Rythmes, UMR7168, CNRS et Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. jmendoza@neurochem.u-strasbg.fr
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pévet
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Challet
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D064026:Calbindins; D002452:Cell Count; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003624:Darkness; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases