title: Systematic use of patient-rated depression severity monitoring: is it helpful and feasible in clinical psychiatry?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gap between evidence-based treatments and routine care has been well established. Findings from the Sequenced Treatments Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) emphasized the importance of measurement-based care for the treatment of depression as a key ingredient for achieving response and remission; yet measurement-based care approaches are not commonly used in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nine-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for monitoring depression severity was introduced in 19 diverse psychiatric practices. During the one-year course of the project the helpfulness and feasibility of implementation of PHQ-9 in these psychiatric practices were studied. The project was modeled after the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Breakthrough Series. Two of the 19 practices dropped out during the course of the project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the conclusion of the study, all remaining 17 practices had adopted PHQ-9 as a routine part of depression care in their practice. On the basis of responses from 17 psychiatrists from those practices, PHQ-9 scores influenced clinical decision making for 93% of 6,096 patient contacts. With the additional information gained from the PHQ-9 score, one or more treatment changes occurred during 40% of these clinical contacts. Changing the dosage of antidepressant medication and adding another medication were the most common treatment changes recorded by psychiatrists, followed by starting or increasing psychotherapy and by switching or initiating antidepressants. In 3% of the patient contacts, using the PHQ-9 led to additional suicide risk assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest that adopting measurement-based care, such as using the PHQ-9, is achievable, even in practices with limited resources.
authors.affiliation: American Psychiatric Institutefor Research and Education, Arlington, VA 22209, USA. fduffy@psych.org
authors.forename: Farifteh Firoozmand
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: Darrel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Regier
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Katzelnick
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D011570:Psychiatry; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States