title: Immunophenotypic profile of acute leukemia: critical analysis and insights gained at a tertiary care center in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyze the spectrum of various types and subtypes of acute leukemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand five hundred and eleven consecutive new referral cases of acute leukemia (AL) were evaluated based on WHO classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It included 1,471 cases (58%) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 964 cases (38%) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 45 cases (1.8%) of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CMLBC), 37 cases (1.5%) of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), 1 case of Triphenotypic AL, and 2 cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). Common subtypes of ALL were B-cell ALL (76%), which comprised of intermediate stage/CALLA positive (73%), early precursor/proBALL (3%). T-cell ALL constituted 24% (351 cases) of ALL. Common subtypes of AML included AMLM2 (27%), AMLM5 (15%), AMLM0 (12%), AMLM1 (12%), APML (11%), and AML t(8;21) (9%). CMLBC was commonly of myeloid blast crisis subtype (40 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B-cell ALL was the commonest subtype in children and AML in adults. Overall incidence of AML in adults was low (53% only). CD13 was most sensitive and CD117 most specific for determining myeloid lineage. A minimal primary panel of nine antibodies consisting of three myeloid markers (CD13, CD33, and CD117), B-cell lymphoid marker (CD19), T-cell marker (CD7), with CD45, CD10, CD34, and HLADR could assign lineage to 92% of AL. Cytogenetics findings lead to a change in the diagnostic subtype of myeloid malignancy in 38 (1.5%) cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. s_gujral@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gujral
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Badrinath
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Amre Kadam
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Banavali
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Hari Menon
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kurkure
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahadik
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chogule
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult