title: Extending bicluster analysis to annotate unclassified ORFs and predict novel functional modules using expression data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microarrays have the capacity to measure the expressions of thousands of genes in parallel over many experimental samples. The unsupervised classification technique of bicluster analysis has been employed previously to uncover gene expression correlations over subsets of samples with the aim of providing a more accurate model of the natural gene functional classes. This approach also has the potential to aid functional annotation of unclassified open reading frames (ORFs). Until now this aspect of biclustering has been under-explored. In this work we illustrate how bicluster analysis may be extended into a 'semi-supervised' ORF annotation approach referred to as BALBOA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficacy of the BALBOA ORF classification technique is first assessed via cross validation and compared to a multi-class k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) benchmark across three independent gene expression datasets. BALBOA is then used to assign putative functional annotations to unclassified yeast ORFs. These predictions are evaluated using existing experimental and protein sequence information. Lastly, we employ a related semi-supervised method to predict the presence of novel functional modules within yeast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this paper we demonstrate how unsupervised classification methods, such as bicluster analysis, may be extended using of available annotations to form semi-supervised approaches within the gene expression analysis domain. We show that such methods have the potential to improve upon supervised approaches and shed new light on the functions of unclassified ORFs and their co-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. kenneth.bryan@ucd.ie
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Pádraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics