title: Blood-brain barrier permeability and nerve cell damage in rat brain 14 and 28 days after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.
abstract: We investigated the effects of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and signs of neuronal damage in rats using a real GSM programmable mobile phone in the 900 MHz band. Ninety-six non-anaesthetized rats were either exposed to microwaves or sham exposed in TEM-cells for 2 h at specific absorption rates of average whole-body Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) of 0.12, 1.2, 12, or 120 mW/kg. The rats were sacrificed after a recovery time of either 14 or 28 d, following exposure and the extravazation of albumin, its uptake into neurons, and occurrence of damaged neurons was assessed. Albumin extravazation and also its uptake into neurons was seen to be enhanced after 14 d (Kruskal Wallis test: p = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively), but not after a 28 d recovery period. The occurrence of dark neurons in the rat brains, on the other hand, was enhanced later, after 28 d (p = 0.02). Furthermore, in the 28-d brain samples, neuronal albumin uptake was significantly correlated to occurrence of damaged neurons (Spearman r = 0.41; p < 0.01).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Jacob.Eberhardt@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: Bertil R R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Arne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Leif G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Salford
authors.forename: Lars O G
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Malmgren
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010539:Permeability / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins