title: Microrobot assisted laparoscopic urological surgery in a canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Robotic technologies have had a significant impact on surgery. We report what is to our knowledge the first use of microrobots to perform laparoscopic urological surgery in a canine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonsurvival laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and radical nephrectomy were performed using microrobotic camera assistance. Following the administration of general anesthesia miniature camera robots were inserted in the insufflated abdomen via a 15 mm laparoscopic port. These microrobots were mobile, controlled remotely to desired locations and provided views of the abdominal cavity, assisting the laparoscopic procedures. Additional ports and laparoscopic instruments were placed in the abdomen using the views provided by these microrobots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One dog underwent laparoscopic prostatectomy and another underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy. The 2 procedures were completed successfully. Microrobots provided additional views from several angles, aiding in the performance of the procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Miniature camera robots (microrobots) provide a mobile viewing platform. With added functionality these new robots have the potential to further evolve the robotic armamentarium for surgeons.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. jean_joseph@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Jean V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Dimitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oleynikov
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rentschler
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumpert
authors.forename: Hitendra R H
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D012371:Robotics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods