title: Cross-modal deactivations during modality-specific selective attention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Processing stimuli in one sensory modality is known to result in suppression of other sensory-specific cortices. Additionally, behavioral experiments suggest that the primary consequence of paying attention to a specific sensory modality is poorer task performance in the unattended sensory modality. This study was designed to determine how focusing attention on the auditory or visual modality impacts neural activity in cortical regions responsible for processing stimuli in the unattended modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional MRI data were collected in 15 participants who completed a cued detection paradigm. This task allowed us to assess the effects of modality-specific attention both during the presence and the absence of targets in the attended modality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this experiment demonstrate that attention to a single sensory modality can result in decreased activity in cortical regions that process information from an unattended sensory modality (cross-modal deactivations). The effects of attention are likely additive with stimulus-driven effects with the largest deactivations being observed during modality-specific selective attention, in the presence of a stimulus in that modality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modality-specific selective attention results in behavioral decrements in unattended sensory modalities. The imaging results presented here provide a neural signature (cross-modal deactivation) for modality-specific selective attention.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. jmozolic@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mozolic
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hugenschmidt
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peiffer
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maldjian
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Laurienti
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology