title: Exploring trends and determinants of pharmacist wage rates: evidence from the 2000 and 2004 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pharmacists' hourly wage rates, growth rates in pharmacists' wage rates, and factors associated with pharmacists' wage rates in 2000 and 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,644 and 1,129 pharmacists from the 2000 and 2004 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data from surveys of pharmacists were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacists' wage rates in 2000 and 2004 and growth rates in wage rates between 2000 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wage rates for pharmacists, expressed in 2004 dollars, increased 4.9% per year between 2000 and 2004, suggesting real wage growth for pharmacists. In 2004, wage rates for pharmacists working part-time were $1.56 (3.4%) less than wages for pharmacists working full-time. In 2004, pharmacists who reported spending higher amounts of time in patient care activities earned significantly lower wages. In 2000 and 2004, wage rates were significantly less in independently owned pharmacies compared with all other practice settings. In 2004, women pharmacists earned significantly less per hour (4.9%) compared with men pharmacists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacists experienced real wage growth between 2000 and 2004, which reflects the excess demand for pharmacists. The location of pharmacists' employment and the tasks performed by pharmacists in their jobs affect wage rates.
authors.affiliation: Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA. damott@pharmacy.wisc.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kreling
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gaither
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schommer
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce