title: Effects of substitution of different levels of steam-flaked corn for finely ground corn on lactation and digestion in early lactation dairy cows.
abstract: Eight multiparous Holstein cows, 4 of them fitted with rumen cannulas, were used to test the effects of substitution of steam-flaked corn (SFC) for equal amounts of finely ground corn (FGC) in diets on feed intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and lactation performance in early lactation dairy cows. Cows were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. The fistulated cows formed 1 replicate. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk. The 4 diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 40% SFC and 40, 30, 20, or 0% FGC (dry matter basis), respectively. The milk protein content and yield, milk solid nonfat content and yield, plasma glucose concentration, and dry matter intake increased as the proportion of SFC increased in diets. Apparent total tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and average ruminal fluid NH(3)-N concentration decreased with increasing levels of SFC. The ruminal fluid pH was not affected by the substitution of SFC for FGC. The 20% SFC substitution improved digestion of crude protein, yield of fat-corrected milk, milk lactose content, fat, and fat yield. The 40% SFC substitution increased urea concentration in both plasma and milk. It was concluded that 20% of SFC substitution for FGC appeared to be an appropriate level in diet for early lactation dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Ecological Engineering, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China.
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia