title: Leisure activities and mortality: does gender matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the association between participation in leisure activities and mortality risk among older men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 1,246 men and women ages 65 to 95, interviewed in 1991-1992, were followed for 12 years. Cox regressions analyzed mortality risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participating in only a few activities doubled mortality risk compared to those with the highest participation levels, even after controlling for age, education, walking ability, and other health indicators. Women had a dose-response relationship between overall participation and survival. Strong associations with survival were found for engagement in organizational activities and study circles among women and hobby activities and gardening among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest gender differences in the association between leisure activities and mortality. Women display a decreasing mortality risk for each additional activity. Social activities have the strongest effects on survival among women, whereas men seem to benefit from solitary activities.
authors.affiliation: Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. neda.agahi@ki.se.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agahi
authors.forename: Marti G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011998:Recreation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden