title: Correlates of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptides in African Americans with hypertensive chronic kidney disease: the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The N-amino-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of cardiac stress and elevated levels are indicative of heart failure. Few correlates of NT-proBNP levels have been identified in persons with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), and data from those without heart failure and from African Americans are especially limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) enrolled nondiabetic African Americans with hypertensive kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] = 20-65 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and no evidence of clinical heart failure. NT-proBNP was measured in 982 AASK participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In unadjusted analyses, GFR (r = -0.39; p < 0.001), hematocrit (r = -0.21; p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI; r = -0.07; p = 0.04) were inversely correlated, and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.30; p < 0.001) and log UPCR (r = 0.32; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with log NT-proBNP levels. After adjustment for potential confounders, lower GFR and hematocrit and higher systolic blood pressure and protein:creatinine ratio remained significantly associated with higher NT-proBNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower GFR and hematocrit, and higher urinary protein excretion may be associated with volume expansion in CKD. These results suggest that these processes are associated with increased NT-proBNP in CKD and may play a role in the development of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA. ssyi@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Astor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D003404:Creatinine