title: Risk of second tumor in intracranial germinoma patients treated with radiation therapy: the Johns Hopkins experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed the risk of second tumor (ST), both malignant and benign, in germinoma survivors followed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1977 and 2002, 27 patients with intracranial germinoma were treated with radiation therapy (RT). In the presence of competing events, a cumulative incidence function of ST was estimated using the minimal time interval from the date of diagnosis to the date of ST, date of death, or date of last follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (18%) developed a ST of which 4 (15%) were malignant. One developed a benign falcine meningioma. The cumulative incidence of ST was 9% at 11 years (95% CI, 0-22%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative contributions of RT and patient susceptibility to a ST cannot be determined but suggests the need for long-term surveillance, including testicular self-exams in male germinoma survivors. Current trials of chemotherapy and reduced RT dose and volume offer the prospect of a lower risk of treatment-induced ST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Salma K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Moody D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wharam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome