title: Toxicity assessment of soil amended with tannery sludge, trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium, using wheat, oat and sorghum plants.
abstract: This work assessed the effect of soil amended with tannery sludge (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg Cr kg(-1)soil), Cr(3+) as CrCl(3).6H(2)O (0, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg Cr kg(-1)soil), and Cr(6+) as K(2)Cr(2)O(7) (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg Cr kg(-1)soil) on wheat, oat and sorghum plants. Seed germination, seedling growth (root and shoot) and Cr accumulation in dry tissue were measured. Toxicological parameters; medium effective concentration, no observed adverse effect concentration and low observed adverse effect concentration were determined. Root growth was the most sensitive assessment of Cr toxicity (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation (P<0.0001) between Cr accumulation in dry tissue and toxic effects on seedling growth. The three Cr sources had different accumulation and mobility patterns; tannery sludge was less toxic for all three plant species, followed by CrCl(3).6H(2)O and K(2)Cr(2)O(7).
authors.affiliation: CINVESTAV-IPN, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No 2508, 07360 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Luna
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González-Chávez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esparza-García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects*; D012722:Sewage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012987:Soil; D045868:Sorghum; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D002857:Chromium