title: A preliminary study of the use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography for investigating root canal anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of root canal anatomy and for assessing the extent of canal enlargement during root canal instrumentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The volume variation achieved by S1 ProTaper instruments in the coronal third of the root canals was analysed using peripheral computed tomography. The tooth was scanned in the horizontal plane producing 36 consecutive cross-sectional images. All images were the result of 360 projections with a section thickness of 250 microm, a distance between slices of 0.5 mm and an in-plane pixel size of 70 x 70 microm. The evaluation was completed before and after S1 ProTaper instrumentation (with or without circumferential filing) of one root canal of a freshly extracted maxillary first premolar tooth. The acquired images were realigned geometrically and processed using a 3D visualization software. pQCT scanning allowed 3D reconstruction of the root canal anatomy and the assessment of the extent of canal enlargement during root canal instrumentation with lateral displacement of canal walls and hence volume change being greater than the coefficient of variation. The densitometry evaluation showed uniform density along the root canal wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  * pQCT scanning allowed 3D reconstruction of the root canal anatomy and the assessment of the extent of canal enlargement during root canal instrumentation. * pQCT shows promise for allowing qualitative and quantitative analysis of endodontic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontoiatrics, Scientific Institute H San Faffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sberna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zacchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capparè
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinacci
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009811:Odontometry; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*