[Combination therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension].
Despite recent remarkable efforts in the medical treatment options of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) a considerable number of patients need escalations to improve disease related symptoms and pulmonary hemodynamics. Most of the pulmonary vascular vasodilators have been approved in its potency as an initial and sole medical option. However, there is increasing scientific evidence on the reliability, safety and effectiveness of possible combinations. This paper reviews the current scientific literature about medical escalations and combination therapy in patients with PAH.
Ewert
R
R
Bereich Pneumologie/Infektiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin B, Universität Greifswald. ewert@uni-greifswald.de
Opitz
C F
CF
Schäper
C
C
Gläser
S
S
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077300:Bosentan; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016285:Iloprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011687:Purines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D016285:Iloprost; D000077300:Bosentan