Redox control of renal function and hypertension.
Loss of redox homeostasis and formation of excessive free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease and hypertension. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary in physiologic processes. However, loss of redox homeostasis contributes to proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in the kidney, which in turn lead to reduced vascular compliance and proteinuria. The kidney is susceptible to the influence of various extracellular and intracellular cues, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Redox control of kidney function is a dynamic process with reversible pro- and anti-free radical processes. The imbalance of redox homeostasis within the kidney is integral in hypertension and the progression of kidney disease. An emerging paradigm exists for renal redox contribution to hypertension.
Nistala
Ravi
R
University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA. nistalar@health.missouri.edu
Whaley-Connell
Adam
A
Sowers
James R
JR
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases