title: Regional gray matter volume deficits in adolescents with first-episode psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study combined baseline voxel-based morphometry and 1-year clinical follow-up assessments to examine whether and where regional gray matter (GM) volumes differed between a control group and diagnostic subgroups of early-onset first-episode psychosis (FEP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 70 patients with early-onset FEP, and 51 non-FEP controls. Early-onset FEP was defined as age younger than 18 years and a duration of positive symptoms of less than 6 months. The age range of the sample was 7 to 18 years. After a 1-year follow-up, patients were stratified into three subgroups: schizophrenia (n = 25), bipolar I disorder (n = 20), and other psychoses (n = 25). Regional GM volumes of each patient subgroup were compared with those of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia was associated with GM volume deficits in the left medial and left middle frontal gyrus; bipolar I disorder was related to a GM volume deficit in the left medial frontal gyrus; and not having a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder was associated with smaller bilateral GM volumes in the insula and right middle occipital gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left medial frontal GM volume deficits were common in the groups with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder, which may point to shared underlying pathological findings.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Imagen Medica, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain. jjanssen@mce.hggm.es
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reig
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parellada
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraguas
authors.forename: Arantzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zabala
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garcia Vazquez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desco
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001284:Atrophy; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology