title: Increased bone mass, altered trabecular architecture and modified growth plate organization in the growing skeleton of SOCS2 deficient mice.
abstract: Suppressor of cytokine signalling-2 (SOCS2) negatively regulates the signal transduction of several cytokines. Socs2(-/-) mice show increased longitudinal skeletal growth associated with deregulated GH/IGF-1 signalling. The present study examined the role of SOCS2 in endochondral ossification and trabecular and cortical bone formation, and investigated whether pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with pediatric chronic inflammatory disorders mediate their effects through SOCS2. Seven-week-old Socs2(-/-) mice were heavier (27%; P < 0.001) and longer (6%; P < 0.001) than wild-type mice. Socs2(-/-) tibiae were longer (8%; P < 0.001) and broader (18%; P < 0.001) than that of wild-type mice, and the Socs2(-/-) mice had wider growth plates (24%; P < 0.001) with wider proliferative and hypertrophic zones (10% (P < 0.05) and 14% (P < 0.001) respectively). Socs2(-/-) mice showed increased total cross-sectional bone area (16%: P < 0.001), coupled to increased total tissue area (17%; P < 0.05) compared to tibia from wild-type mice. Socs2(-/-) mice showed increased percent bone volume (101%; P < 0.001), trabecular number (82%; P < 0.001) and trabecular thickness (11%; P < 0.001), with associated decreases in trabecular separation (19%; P < 0.001). TNFalpha exposure to growth plate chondrocytes for 48 h increased SOCS2 protein expression. Growth of metatarsals from 1-day-old Socs2(-/-) and Socs2(+/+) mice, as well as expression of Aggrecan, Collagen Type II and Collagen Type X, were inhibited by TNFalpha, with no effect of genotype. Our data indicate that physiological levels of SOCS2 negatively regulate bone formation and endochondral growth. Our results further suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate their inhibitory effects on longitudinal bone growth through a mechanism that is independent of SOCS2.
authors.affiliation: Bone Biology Group, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, UK. vicky.macrae@roslin.ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Macrae
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pells
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Collinson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pitsillides
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farquharson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C491409:Socs2 protein, mouse; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins