In vitro cytotoxicities of ionic liquids: effect of cation rings, functional groups, and anions.
In vitro cytotoxicities were measured for ionic liquids (ILs) containing various cations and anions using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. We measured the cytotoxicities of ionic liquids containing the cations pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, or imidazolium with various alkyl chain lengths, and the anions bromide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (Tf(2)N), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO), or nonafluoromethylsulfonate (NfO). Three new hydrophobic, task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), namely, [MBCNPip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), [MPS(2)Pip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), and [MPS(2)Pyrro](+)[Tf(2)N](-) designed for metal-ion extraction were also evaluated. IC(50) values of the ionic liquids toward the MCF7 cells ranged from 8 microM to 44 mM. The toxicity depended significantly on the nature of the cations and anions, especially when the cations contained a long side chain. TSILs studied in this work were less toxic than the classical ILs.
Kumar
R Anand
RA
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
Papaïconomou
Nicolas
N
Lee
Jong-Min
JM
Salminen
Justin
J
Clark
Douglas S
DS
Prausnitz
John M
JM
D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D000838:Anions; D001965:Bromides; D002412:Cations; D052578:Ionic Liquids