title: Validation of the accuracy of the sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with vulvar cancer: results of a multicenter study in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the sentinel node procedure in patients with vulvar cancer, a multicenter study was launched in Germany in 2003 involving 7 oncology centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2006, 127 women with primary T1-T3 vulvar cancer were entered in the study and treated with sentinel node removal after application of (99m)Technetium labeled nanocolloid and/or blue dye. Subsequently, in all women a complete inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and the adequate vulvar operation were performed. Sentinel lymph nodes were examined by routine pathologic examination (H&E), followed by step-sectioning and immunhistochemistry if negative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sentinel node procedure was successful in 125 out of 127 cases, in 2 cases no sentinel nodes were detected. 21 patients received unilateral lymphadenectomy, 103 women were operated on both groins. In 39 women out of 127, positive lymph nodes in one or both groins were identified (30.7%). In 36 women, the sentinel nodes were also positive (sensitivity 92.3%). We had three cases with a false negative sentinel node (false negative rate: 7.7%), all of these women presenting with tumors in midline position. One tumor was a T1 tumor (10 mm), 2 tumors being classified as T2 (40 and 56 mm, respectively). In one additional case (18 mm T1 tumor, midline position), the sentinel was positive in the right groin, but false negative on the left side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that identification of SLN in squamous cell cancer of the vulva is feasible, however not highly accurate depending on tumor localization and size. The false negative rate seems to be acceptable if the procedure is restricted to stage 1 tumors with clinically negative lymph node status. Tumors situated in or close to the midline seem to be less suitable for this procedure. Implementation of SLNB into clinical practice should be performed with care and only by experienced teams as to avoid preventable groin relapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hampl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hantschmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hillemanns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid; C008769:sulfan blue