title: Celiac disease in African American children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in inner city Brooklyn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a strong evidence for association between type 1 diabetes and Celiac Disease. Up to 8% of patients with type1 diabetes have characteristic features of CD on small intestinal biopsy. Type 1 diabetics who have HLA DQ2 or DQ8 are at risk for CD. However most of this data is from studies conducted in Europe, with mostly Caucasian population. This study aims to identify the prevalence of celiac disease in African American children with Type1 diabetes in inner city Brooklyn, New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  IgA and IgG Antigliadin antibodies, IgA tissue transglutaminase and HLA typing was measured in blood collected from 34 children with type1 diabetes mellitus. Patients with positive anti tissue transglutaminase antibody underwent small intestinal biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 patients had elevated IgG AGA, none showed elevated IgA AGA. Only one patient had elevated IgA and anti tTG levels, and a normal small intestinal biopsy. 28 patients had HLA DQ2 or DQ8 present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  94% of the African American children with type1 diabetes were serology negative for celiac disease inspite of having the predisposing HLA haplotype. Only one patient was positive for anti tTG antibody, with a negative small intestinal biopsy, the prevalence of celiac disease in this population may not be similar to the other populations. Pediatric Endocrinology in review 990,2008.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaistha
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castells
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins