title: Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen-mediated modulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced activation occurs independently of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88.
abstract: Unlike most pathogens, helminth parasites and their products induce strong Th2 responses, and dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages exposed to helminth antigens generally fail to produce interleukin-12. Rather, it has been shown that helminth products such as soluble egg antigens (SEA; a soluble extract from Schistosoma mansoni eggs) inhibit the activation of DCs in response to classical Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as lipopolysaccharide or CpG. Nevertheless, recent work has suggested that TLR4 and/or TLR2 plays an important role in the recognition of helminth products by DCs and macrophages and in the development of Th2 responses. Using DCs derived from TLR4(-/-), TLR2(-/-), or MyD88(-/-) mice, we have demonstrated that the ability of SEA to modulate DC activation is MyD88 independent and requires neither TLR4 nor TLR2. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR4 are not required for SEA-pulsed DCs to induce Th2 responses in naïve mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 318 Hill Pavilion, 380 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Euihye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C055560:p40 egg antigen, Schistosoma