title: Validation of the Spanish version of the Side Effect and Life Satisfaction Inventory in patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study described here was to obtain psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the 38-item Side Effects and Life Satisfaction (SEALS) Inventory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-cultural adaptation of the inventory was performed. A total of 595 patients with epilepsy were included in a multicenter cross-sectional study. The SEALS Inventory was completed, together with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-12 Health Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SEALS score was 60.7. SEALS presented high internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.93, and good test-retest reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92. The pattern of correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-12 Health Survey indicated good convergent and divergent validity. SEALS scores discriminated patients according to epilepsy-related factors, emotional disturbances, and the generic quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the SEALS Inventory is a valid psychometric instrument. It may be used in routine clinical practice and in clinical trials in patients with epilepsy to capture the cognitive and behavioral aspects of quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University Hospital La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. vevillanuevah@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Nágel
authors.forename: Eloy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elices
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Serratosa
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Alvarez
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Puig
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porcel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants