title: The Heidelberg circle: German inflections on the professionalization of Russian chemistry in the 1860s.
abstract: The success of the "second importation" of science to Russia during the Great Reforms of the 1860s is illustrated by examining the extended postdoctoral study of chemists in Heidelberg. While there, they adapted the Russian intelligentsia institution of the "circle," or kruzhok, to cope with their alienation from the German culture they were confronting. Upon their return to Russia, they felt the lack of the communicative network they had established while abroad and reimported the kruzhok to serve as a central model for the formation of the Russian Chemical Society in 1868.
authors.affiliation: Department of History, 129 Dickinson Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. mgordin@princeton.edu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gordin
mesh_terms: D002621:Chemistry / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D012425:Russia (Pre-1917); D012923:Social Class