title: Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric tumors using a novel grasp-and-snare technique: feasibility in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a less-invasive method of en bloc removal of gastrointestinal tract tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a grasp-and-snare EFTR technique using a novel tissue-lifting device that provides more secure tissue anchoring and manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  EFTR of normal gastric tissue and model stomach tumors was performed using a double-channel therapeutic endoscope with a prototype tissue-lifting device through one channel and a prototype hexagonal snare through the other. The lifting device was advanced through the open snare and anchored to the gastric wall immediately adjacent the model tumor. The tissue-lifting device was then partially retracted into the endoscope, causing the target tissue, including tumor, to evert into the gastric lumen. The open snare was then placed distal to the tumor around uninvolved gastric tissue. Resection was performed with a blended electrosurgical current through the snare. In the live pigs, EFTR was followed by laparotomy to asses for complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 EFTRs were performed -- 14 in explanted stomachs and 10 in live pigs. In total, 23/24 resections resulted in full-thickness gastric defects. Resection specimens measured up to 5.0 cm when stretched and pinned on a histology stage. Gross margins were negative in 17/20 model tumor resections. Two resections were complicated by gastric mural bleeding. There was no evidence of adjacent organ injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EFTR of gastric tumors using the grasp-and-snare technique is feasible in pigs. This technique is advantageous in that eversion of the gastric wall avoids injury to external organs, continuous luminal insufflation is not required, and the involved techniques are familiar to endoscopists. Additional research is necessary to further evaluate safety and reliable closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. badihe@umich.edu
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Elmunzer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Trunzo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Poulose
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chak
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schomisch
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ponsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine