title: The relationship between Spanish language use and substance use behaviors among Latino youth: a social network approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Greater acculturation is associated with higher rates of substance use among Latino adolescents, but the reasons are poorly understood. One potential explanation is that social networks change with acculturation, leading to decreased protection and increased risk. Our objective was to identify Spanish language-sensitive individual and social network attributes associated with substance use in Latino adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino eighth-grade students in a Los Angeles public middle school completed a computerized, self-administered survey about tobacco, alcohol, drug use, and parental monitoring; and description of 30 social network members. Regression analyses were used to estimate the independent associations of network-level Spanish language use and other factors with a substance use behavior scale. Mediation analysis identified Spanish language-sensitive attributes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Network-level Spanish language use was associated with a substance use scale in bivariate but not multivariate models. Protective Spanish language-sensitive attributes included greater numbers of extended family members in the network, less substance use among network members, and greater perceived parental monitoring. Risky Spanish language-insensitive attributes include more high school aged network members.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that parental monitoring and some characteristics of social networks account for the relationship between Spanish language use and substance use among Latino adolescents. Clinic- or community-based interventions that enhance protective characteristics of social networks in Latino adolescents may be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota 55414, USA. miallen@umn.edu
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fuligni
authors.forename: Leo S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hambarsoomian
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires