title: Intact implicit and reduced explicit memory for negative self-related information in repressive coping.
abstract: Voluntary emotional memory control has recently been shown to involve prefrontal down-regulation of medial temporal lobe activity during memory retrieval. However, little is known about instances of uninstructed, naturally occurring forgetting. In the present study, we examined whether memory suppression extends to involuntary, uninstructed down-regulation of memory in individuals thought to be experts in forgetting negative memories--those with a repressive coping style. We contrasted explicit and implicit memory for negative information in repressor and nonrepressor groups and examined whether self-relevance is a moderating variable. To delineate the specificity of repressors' selective memory reductions, we contrasted encoding and retrieval of emotional words as a function of self-reference, subjective self-relevance, and explicitness of the memory task in nonrepressors and repressors. Self-descriptiveness judgments, lexical decisions (implicit memory), and free recall (explicit memory) were investigated. Repressors had selectively lowered free recall only for negative, self-relevant information. Their implicit memory for the same information was unaffected. This pattern suggests that regulation of emotional memory in repressive individuals is a case of motivated forgetting, possibly sharing much of the neural underpinnings of voluntary memory suppression.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. efujiwara@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Adam K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D014706:Verbal Learning