title: P53 tumor suppressor factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether a panel of gene polymorphisms, including p53 codon 72 tumor suppressor factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -1154, are risk factors for implantation failure after IVF-ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private laboratories and reproduction medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy women with history of recurrent implantation failure after IVF-ET and 73 fertile control women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal swabs were obtained from all participants. The DNA was extracted from the buccal swabs and analyzed for the presence of the PAI 4G/4G, VEGF -1154A/A, and p53 codon 72 Arg/Pro genotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of homozygous p53 Pro72, PAI 4G/4G, and VEGF -1154A/A was compared between women experiencing recurrent implantation failure and fertile control women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of homozygous p53 Pro72, PAI 4G/4G, and VEGF -1154AA were significantly higher among women experiencing implantation failure compared with control women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A panel of tests for p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro, PAI-1 4G/4G and VEGF -1154A/A may be useful to identify women at risk for implantation failure after IVF-ET.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Cammi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jeyendran
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Coulam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A