title: Optimizing speech production in the ventilator-assisted individual following cervical spinal cord injury: a preliminary investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical ventilation is commonly used during the acute management of cervical spinal cord injury, and is required on an ongoing basis in the majority of patients with injuries at or above C3. However, to date there have been limited systematic investigations of the options available to improve speech while ventilator-assisted post-cervical spinal cord injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide preliminary evidence of any benefits gained through the addition of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and/or a tracheostomy speech valve to the condition of leak speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech production in the three conditions was compared in two ventilator-assisted participants using a series of instrumental and perceptual speech measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of PEEP or the use of a speech valve resulted in speech that was superior to leak speech for both participants; however, individual variation was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leak speech alone or with the addition of PEEP or a tracheostomy speech valve can facilitate functional communication for the ventilated patient, though PEEP and valve speech were found to be superior in the current study. These findings will be of assistance for clinicians counselling the growing population of patients who may require tracheostomy positive pressure ventilation long-term regarding communication options.
authors.affiliation: Division of Speech Pathology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. naomi@hartleys.id.au
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: MacBean
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solley
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hukins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*