title: [Long-term efficacy of endoscopic excision of rectal carcinoids].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic excision for rectal carcinoids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 91 patients with rectal carcinoids treated by endoscopic excision from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average size of the primary tumor was 0.8 cm(range 0.3 to 2.3 cm). All the tumors were localized within the submucosal layer showing typical histology without lymphatic or vessel infiltration. Follow-up was available for 80 patients with mean 32.5 months (range 6 to 96 months). There was no recurrence in 65 patients with tumor size < 1.0 cm. Recurrence occurred in 3 cases among 25 patients with tumor size from 1.0 to 2.0 cm, and 1 died of hepatic metastasis. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 100%, 98.0%, and 91.4% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor size and depth of invasion are two important prognostic factors of rectal carcinoids. Endoscopic excision is useful for rectal carcinoid patients with tumor size < 1.0 cm and located within the submucosal layer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi-qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping-hong
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Mei-dong
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yun-shi
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Wei-feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wen-zheng
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xian-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Li-qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult