title: Social integration and social support among older adults following driving cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of driving cessation on social integration and perceived support from relatives and friends among older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from the population-based Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. We restricted analyses to participants aged 60+ with a history of driving (n=398). Social integration (number and frequency of contact) and perceived social support from relatives/friends, driving status (continuing or ceased), and demographic and health characteristics were assessed at interviews 13 years apart. The potential mediating role of ability to use public transit was also investigated. We used repeated measures random-intercept models to evaluate the effect of driving cessation on social network characteristics over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Former drivers were older, were more likely to be female and non-White, had lower education, had poorer self-rated health, and had lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores relative to continuing drivers. Over the follow-up period, cessation was associated with reduced network of friends (odds ratio=0.49, p<.05). This association was not mediated by ability to use public transportation. Cessation had no impact on support from friends or relatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social integration is negatively affected by driving cessation even among elders who feel competent in using alternative forms of transportation, at least concerning networks of friends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory, 3644 SPH Tower, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. bmezuk@umich.edu
authors.forename: Briana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mezuk
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Rebok
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving; D015142:Baltimore; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014186:Transportation