title: Safety and efficacy of silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for childhood ptosis repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for childhood ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively studied 89 consecutive children (110 eyelids) who had silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for ptosis at Duke University Eye Center from 1983 to 2004. Marginal reflex distance1 (MRD1) elevation of 2 mm or more (vs preoperative MRD1) was considered satisfactory. MRD1 was measured as the vertical distance from the corneal light reflex in primary gaze to the upper eyelid margin. The postoperative eyelid symmetry (< or = 1 mm = satisfactory) was the difference between the MRD1 of the surgical and fellow eyelid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age at surgery was 45 months (range: 3 to 223 months) and median follow-up was 17 months (range: 1 to 88 months). Ptosis types (number of eyelids) were unilateral congenital (53), bilateral congenital (30), third nerve palsy (16), Marcus Gunn jaw wink (7), trauma (2), and myasthenia gravis (2). Median MRD1 elevation was 2 mm or greater for all ptosis types, whereas satisfactory postoperative symmetry occurred in 60% of unilateral and 100% of bilateral congenital ptosis cases (last follow-up). Complications occurred in 10 eyelids (9%) and reoperation occurred in 10 eyelids (9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for ptosis repair in pediatric patients is modestly effective, with few complications and easy removal and adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Enyedi
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stinnett
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers