title: Space efficient system for whole-body exposure of unrestrained rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields.
abstract: The aim of this study was to design, implement and analyze a space-efficient setup for the whole-body exposure of unrestrained Wistar rats to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz. The setup was used for 2 years in a cocarcinogenesis study and part of it for 5 weeks in a central nervous system (CNS) study. Up to 216 rats could be placed in separate cages in nine different exposure chambers on three racks requiring only 9 m2 of floor area (24 rats per m2). Chambers were radial transmission lines (RTL), where the rats could freely move in their cages where food and drinking water was provided ad libitum except during RF exposure periods. Dosimetrical analysis was based on FDTD computations with heterogeneous rat models and was validated with calorimetrical measurements carried out with homogeneous phantoms. The estimated whole-body average specific absorption rates (SAR) of rats were 0 (sham), 0.4, and 1.3 W/kg in the cocarcinogenesis study and 0 (sham), 0.27, and 2.7 W/kg in the CNS study with an estimated uncertainty of 3 dB (K = 2). The instantaneous and lifetime variations of whole-body average SAR due to the movement of rats were estimated to be 2.3 and 1.3 dB (K = 1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: STUK Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland. lauri.puranen@stuk.fi
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puranen
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toivo
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toivonen
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pitkäaho
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: Ari-Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sihvonen
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumlin
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juutilainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D035501:Uncertainty