title: Long-term results of a non-ramdomized prospective mono-centre study of 1000 laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repairs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information concerning short-term results for laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair is available, but long-term results remain poorly documented. The purpose of this non-randomized prospective study was to evaluate recurrence and chronic pain after hernia repair over a period longer than 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1995 to 2004, all patients aged 30 years or more, manifesting with inguinal hernia, were included in our study. Patients aged 20 to 30 years presenting with bilateral hernia, recurrent hernia, or who were heavy workers were also included. Patients who had pelvic irradiation, strangulated hernia, prostatic cancer resection, or a contra-indication to general anaesthesia were excluded. Of 1096 hernia repairs performed, 248 patients were excluded and underwent open repair and 848 patients (77.4%) were included in our prospective study, which corresponded to 1000 laparoscopic hernia repairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sex ratio (male : female) was 5:8, and the average age was 56 years. Seven hundred and fifty-three hernias (75.3%) were first repairs, 247 (24.7%) were recurrent hernias, and 161 were bilateral hernias. There were no mortalities. The conversion rate was 1.1%, and the global postoperative morbidity rate was 10.3%. Average follow-up was 39 months in 92.2% of the patients. Hernia recurrence rate was 1.5%. Chronic pain occurred in 2.9%. During this follow-up, 22 contra-lateral hernias appeared in those patients who initially had unilateral hernia repair (3.2%). All of these contra-lateral hernias could be successfully treated using a laparoscopic total extraperitoneal approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term results of this study demonstrate that preperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair is a safe technique with a very low recurrence rate and low prevalence of chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive, Laparoscopic and Thoracic Surgery, C.H.U. Brugmann, U.L.B., Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thill
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simoens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngongang
authors.forename: P Mendes
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult