title: What is imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia? Identifying and managing loss of response.
abstract: Imatinib is widely recognized as the standard of care in the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, resistance can limit its long-term benefits. Early identification of the loss of response to imatinib is therefore important for the optimal management of patients with this type of leukemia. Cytogenetic and molecular responses during the first 12 months of treatment have been shown to predict future responses (complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response) and reduce disease progression. The degree of early reduction in BCR-ABL levels after commencing imatinib therapy is a good indicator of subsequent response. Monitoring for kinase domain mutations should also be considered in patients with suboptimal response or in those who demonstrate resistance. Modification of the treatment strategy is required if there is a loss of response. Dasatinib and nilotinib are the most extensively studied second-generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and are currently approved for treating patients following imatinib failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Amer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.forename: Eunice S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wetzler
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D000069439:Dasatinib; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; C498826:nilotinib; D000069439:Dasatinib