title: Beyond the most willing audiences: a meta-intervention to increase exposure to HIV-prevention programs by vulnerable populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enrollment in HIV-prevention interventions is more likely when the audience has safer rather than riskier HIV-relevant behavior. Thus, a meta-intervention was designed to increase participation by an audience of infrequent condom users in Florida.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 400) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions varying the introduction to a counseling program. In the experimental condition, participants were told that the intervention gave participants options but might not change their behavior. In a standard-introduction condition, participants were told that the program was highly effective at changing participants' behaviors. There was also an information-control group containing a description of the program, and a no-information-control group solely containing an invitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measure was actual participation in the offered counseling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that the experimental introduction was the most successful at yielding participation in the counseling program when the audience had low intentions to use condoms in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intervention introductions countering participants' resistance to change increase participation in HIV-prevention counseling among reluctant clients. Other meta-interventions may be explored to systematically augment the effectiveness of evidence-based health-promotion interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. dalbarra@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albarracín
authors.forename: Marta R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Durantini
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Joanne B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gunnoe
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leeper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016730:Program Development; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014836:Volition; D035862:Vulnerable Populations