title: Long-term outcome of lung and heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The survival after lung and heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension has been reportedly the lowest among the major diagnostic categories of lung transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis was performed for lung and heart-lung transplant recipients for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension from 1982 to 2006. The patients were divided into 2 groups, based on the era; group 1: 1982 to 1993, and group 2: 1994 to 2006. Since 1994, we have introduced our current protocols including prostaglandin E1 and nitroglycerin for donor lung preservation, and lung protection with cold and terminal warm blood pneumoplegia as well as immunosuppression with alemtuzumab induction. These modifications were introduced in different years over a wide span of time (1994 to 2003).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 had 59 patients (35 +/- 1 years old, ranging 15 to 53, 20 male and 39 female) with 7 single lung, 11 double lung, and 41 heart-lung, whereas group 2 had 30 (43 +/- 2 years old, ranging 17 to 65, 9 male and 21 female) with 2 single, 20 double, and 8 heart-lung transplantations. The recipient age was significantly (p = 0.004) higher in group 2, and group 2 had significantly older (35 +/- 3 vs 26 +/- 1, p = 0.002) and more female donors (73% vs 41%, p = 0.007) compared with group 1. The actuarial survival was significantly (p = 0.004) better in group 2 with 86% at 1 year, 75% at 5 years, and 66% at 10 years compared with group 1 with 58% at 1 year, 39% at 5 years, and 27% at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With our current pulmonary protection and immunosuppression, the long-term outcome of lung and heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is excellent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. toyoday@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Jnanesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Duc
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhama
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bermudez
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kormos
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pilewski
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teuteberg
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathier
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenati
authors.forename: Brack
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hattler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome