title: New data on ectomycorrhizae and soils of the Chinese truffles Tuber pseudoexcavatum and Tuber indicum, and their impact on truffle cultivation.
abstract: Chinese truffles serve as a good complement to the market for Tuber melanosporum (Périgord black truffle). However, Chinese truffles could be introduced accidentally or fraudulently into the plantations of Mediterranean truffles, and they could have a negative effect on truffle production and natural ecosystems. The study of Tuber species from China which are commercialized in Europe began 14 years ago. Tuber pseudoexcavatum was proposed as a new species, and this has been validated by some authors based on molecular and phylogenetic studies. We synthesize their ectomycorrhizae using samples from the type collection, and we compare T. pseudoexcavatum and Tuber indicum ectomycorrhizae. The ectomycorrhizae of these species have a morphology which is related to the ectomycorrhizae of T. melanosporum. We provide useful information for the rapid screening of the above-mentioned Chinese truffles ectomycorrhizae, for the quality control of commercial plants mycorrhized with Tuber. Moreover, we analyze the soil tolerance and the host plant affinity of T. pseudoexcavatum and T. indicum, in order to assess the capacity of both Chinese truffles to penetrate T. melanosporum plantations and habitats.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Forestry Engineering, U.D. Operaciones Básicas, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain. luisgonzaga.garcia@upm.es.
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: García-Montero
authors.affiliation: Deparment di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Massimo
authors.affiliation: Deparment Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, Crtra. Barcelona Km 33, Alcalá de Henares, 28870, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Manjón
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Projects and Rural Planning, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Abril
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005060:Europe; D005524:Food Technology; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D029963:Quercus / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012987:Soil