title: Fulminant type 1 diabetes in Caucasians: A report of three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a new clinical entity in which the process of beta-cell destruction, and the subsequent progression of hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis, are extremely rapid. Until now, this subtype of type 1 diabetes has only been reported in the Asian population, especially Japanese and Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here on three cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes in Caucasian French women. Both the clinical and biological characteristics of these patients are similar to those reported in Japanese studies. Notably, all patients experienced severe ketoacidosis (pH<7.1) that occurred abruptly after the onset of hyperglycaemic symptoms (<6 days), with near-normal HbA(1c) values at diagnosis (5.6, 6.4 and 6.8%). Patients were treated in the intensive care unit with basal-bolus insulin therapy with no remission of their diabetes; pancreatic islet-related autoantibodies were all negative. Fasting C-peptide levels were undetectable, suggesting complete destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. HLA phenotyping of these Caucasian patients did not find the specific HLA haplotype (DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401) previously found to be linked to fulminant type 1 diabetes in Japanese patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes reported in Caucasians. These cases reveal new perspectives as regards the worldwide distribution of this intriguing clinical entity.
authors.affiliation: Clinique d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drui
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arnault-Ouary
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charbonnel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chaillous
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cariou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans