title: Central muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in pilocarpine-induced salivation, hypertension and water intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence has suggested that pilocarpine (ACh receptor agonist) injected peripherally may act centrally producing salivation and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific M(1) (pirenzepine), M(2)/M(4) (methoctramine), M(1)/M(3) (4-DAMP) and M(4) (tropicamide) muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LV) on salivation, water intake and pressor responses to peripheral pilocarpine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulae implanted in the LV were used. Salivation was measured in rats anaesthetized with ketamine (100 mg per kg body weight) and arterial pressure was recorded in unanaesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivation induced by i.p. pilocarpine (4 micromol per kg body weight) was reduced only by 4-DAMP (25-250 nmol) injected into the LV, not by pirenzepine, methoctramine or tropicamide at the dose of 500 nmol. Pirenzepine (0.1 and 1 nmol) and 4-DAMP (5 and 10 nmol) injected into the LV reduced i.p. pilocarpine-induced water intake, whereas metoctramine (50 nmol) produced nonspecific effects on ingestive behaviours. Injection of pirenzepine (100 nmol) or 4-DAMP (25 and 50 nmol) into the LV reduced i.v. pilocarpine-induced pressor responses. Tropicamide (500 nmol) injected into the LV had no effect on pilocarpine-induced salivation, pressor responses or water intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that central M(3) receptors are involved in peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation and M(1) receptors in water intake and pressor responses. The involvement of M(3) receptors in water intake and pressor responses is not clear because 4-DAMP blocks both M(1) and M(3) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Borella
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: D S A
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Colombari
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Menani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003959:Diamines; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010862:Pilocarpine; D010890:Pirenzepine; C042375:4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium; D014331:Tropicamide; C054938:methoctramine