title: Protein expression of matriptase and its cognate inhibitor HAI-1 in human prostate cancer: a tissue microarray and automated quantitative analysis.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that matriptase, a transmembrane serine protease and its cognate inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) are important in the progression of many cancers. Limited quantitative data are available on these proteins in prostate cancer. To validate the roles of matriptase and HAI-1 in prostate cancer and its progression, a prostate cancer tissue microarray was constructed. The tissue microarray includes 41 localized prostate cancers (Pca_local), 18 aggressive prostate cancers, 18 metastatic prostate cancers, 24 benign prostate hyperplasias, 18 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias (HGPIN), and 41 benign prostate tissues. The cellular expression levels of matriptase and HAI-1 were quantified using automated quantitative analysis. We found that matriptase expression levels were significantly higher in Pca_local (P<0.0001) and HGPIN (P<0.05) compared with benign prostate tissue. Matriptase levels were significantly decreased in metastatic cancer when compared with all other tissue types (P<0.05). Compared with benign prostate tissue, HAI-1 expression levels were significantly higher in all proliferative prostate diseases (benign prostate hyperplasia, HGPIN, localized and aggressive cancers, and metastases) (P<0.001); yet, no significant differences were found in HAI-1 expression levels among the diseased tissue types. These results suggest that an increase of matriptase may be useful as a marker for detection of Pca_local, whereas a decrease of matriptase expression may signal prostate cancer progression. HAI-1 seems to be a marker of prostate epithelial cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Twohig
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pier
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eickhoff
authors.forename: Chen-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarrard
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory / Q000032:analysis*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; C109149:SPINT1 protein, human; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C485595:matriptase