[Advances in the study of molecular mechanism of APOBEC3G anti-HIV-1].
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 protein G (APOBEC3G) is part of the innate immune system of host cells and has cytidine deaminase activity. It specifically incorporates into the virion during HIV-1 replication. The incorporation of APOBEC3G needs its interaction with HIV-1 Gag. In the HIV-1 reverse transcription process, APOBEC3G deaminates dC to dU in the first minus strand cDNA, and then induces extensive hypermutation in the viral genome. Besides deamination, APOBEC3G also inhibits HIV-1 by some kinds of non-deamination mechanisms which need to be further elucidated. HIV-1 Vif counteracts the activity of APOBEC3G by an ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G. As a broad spectrum inhibitor of viruses, APOBEC3G also inhibits various retroviruses, retrotransposons and other viruses like HBV. Upregulating the expression of APOBEC3G or blocking the Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G might be novel strategies to treat HIV-1 infection in the future.
Fan
Bo
B
Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Cen
Shan
S
Jiang
Jian-dong
JD
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D014779:Virus Replication; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase