title: Validation of 13C-acetic acid breath test by measuring effects of loperamide, morphine, mosapride, and itopride on gastric emptying in mice.
abstract: Several methods are used to evaluate gastric motility in rodents, but they all have technical limitations. Recent technical developments enable a convenient method to evaluate gastric motility. The (13)C-acetic acid breath test in rodents is a non-invasive and repeatable method that can be used without physical restraints. The present study aimed to validate the (13)C-acetic acid breath test by measuring the effects of loperamide, morphine, mosapride, and itopride on gastric emptying in mice. Loperamide (1-10 mg/kg) and morphine (1.25-10 mg/kg) slowed gastric emptying and decreased the maximum concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC(90 min)) value in a dose-dependent manner. Mosapride (0.2-5 mg/kg) accelerated gastric emptying and increased C(max) value. Mosapride (20 mg/kg) did not accelerate gastric emptying on the (13)C-breath test. Itopride (30 mg/kg, per os) significantly accelerated gastric emptying compared with the vehicle group. In a comparison with the conventional phenol red test, there was a correlation between the C(max) value of breath test and gastric emptying (%) of phenol red tests in treatment with loperamide or mosapride. These results indicate that the (13)C-acetic acid breath test is an accurate, noninvasive, and simple method for monitoring gastric emptying in mice. This method is useful to assess the effect of drugs and gut function pharmacologically.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan. kenjiro@jiu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kimihito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tashima
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Syunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001593:Benzyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D008139:Loperamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D000932:Antiemetics; D001549:Benzamides; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009025:Morpholines; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D008139:Loperamide; D009020:Morphine; C102254:itopride; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein; C062720:mosapride; D019342:Acetic Acid