title: Chromosome fragility at GAA tracts in yeast depends on repeat orientation and requires mismatch repair.
abstract: Expansion of triplex-forming GAA/TTC repeats in the first intron of FXN gene results in Friedreich's ataxia. Besides FXN, there are a number of other polymorphic GAA/TTC loci in the human genome where the size variations thus far have been considered to be a neutral event. Using yeast as a model system, we demonstrate that expanded GAA/TTC repeats represent a threat to eukaryotic genome integrity by triggering double-strand breaks and gross chromosomal rearrangements. The fragility potential strongly depends on the length of the tracts and orientation of the repeats relative to the replication origin, which correlates with their propensity to adopt triplex structure and to block replication progression. We show that fragility is mediated by mismatch repair machinery and requires the MutSbeta and endonuclease activity of MutLalpha. We suggest that the mechanism of GAA/TTC-induced chromosomal aberrations defined in yeast can also operate in human carriers with expanded tracts.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Vidhya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Piotr A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mieczkowski
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Petes
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Krasilnikova
authors.forename: Sergei M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.forename: Kirill S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lobachev
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D002873:Chromosome Fragility / Q000235:genetics*; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification