title: Esophageal manometric characteristics and outcomes for laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, myotomy, and partial fundoplication for epiphrenic diverticula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to characterize the esophageal motor and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) abnormalities associated with epiphrenic esophageal diverticula and analyze outcomes for laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, myotomy, and partial fundoplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endoscopic, radiographic, manometric, and perioperative records for patients undergoing laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, anterior esophageal myotomy, and partial fundoplication from 8/99 until 9/06 were reviewed from an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved outcomes database. Data are given as mean +/- standard deviation (SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An esophageal body motor disorder and/or LES abnormalities were present in 11 patients with epiphrenic diverticula; three patients were characterized as achalasia, one had vigorous achalasia, two had diffuse esophageal spasm, and five had a nonspecific motor disorder. Presenting symptoms included dysphagia (13/13), regurgitation (7/13), and chest pain (4/13). Three patients had previous Botox injections and three patients had esophageal dilatations. Laparoscopic epiphrenic diverticulectomy with an anterior esophageal myotomy was completed in 13 patients (M:F; 3:10) with a mean age of 67.6 +/- 4.2 years, body mass index (BMI) of 28.1 +/- 1.9 kg/m2 and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 2.2 +/- 0.1. Partial fundoplication was performed in 12/13 patients (Dor, n = 2; Toupet, n = 10). Four patients had a type I and one patient had a type III hiatal hernia requiring repair. Mean operative time was 210 +/- 15.1 min and mean length of stay (LOS) was 2.8 +/- 0.4 days. Two grade II or higher complications occurred, including one patient who was readmitted on postoperative day 4 with a leak requiring a thoracotomy. After a mean follow-up of 13.6 +/- 3.0 months (range 3-36 months), two patients complained of mild solid food dysphagia and one patient required proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with epiphrenic esophageal diverticula have esophageal body motor disorders and/or LES abnormalities. Laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy and anterior esophageal myotomy with partial fundoplication is an appropriate alternative with acceptable short-term outcomes in symptomatic patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box #8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melman
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brunt
authors.forename: Valerie J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eagon
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Frisella
authors.forename: Brent D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004936:Diverticulum, Esophageal / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000601:surgery; D011312:Pressure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome