title: Translation of the multidimensional health locus of control scales for users of American sign language.
abstract: This paper describes the translation of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales into American Sign Language (ASL). Translation is an essential first step toward validating the instrument for use in the Deaf community, a commonly overlooked minority community. This translated MHLC/ASL can be utilized by public health nurses researching the Deaf community to create and evaluate targeted health interventions. It can be used in clinical settings to guide the context of the provider-patient dialogue. The MHLC was translated using focus groups, following recommended procedures. 5 bilingual participants translated the MHLC into ASL; 5 others back-translated the ASL version into English. Both focus groups identified and addressed language and cultural problems before the final ASL version of the MHLC was permanently captured by motion picture photography for consistent administration. Nine of the 24 items were directly translatable into ASL. The remaining items required further discussion to achieve cultural equivalence with ASL expressions. The MHLC/ASL is now ready for validation within the Deaf community.
authors.affiliation: UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Waheeda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samady
authors.forename: Waheedy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samady
authors.forename: Georgia Robins
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaji
authors.forename: Vanessa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Malcarne
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trybus
authors.forename: Ninad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Athale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003469:Culture; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012813:Sign Language; D014177:Translations; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult