title: Smokers' use of nicotine replacement therapy for reasons other than stopping smoking: findings from the ITC Four Country Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the prevalence and correlates of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use for reasons other than quitting smoking among smokers in four countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional telephone survey with nationally representative samples of adult smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, conducted in 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6532 adult daily smokers in Canada (n = 1660), the United States (n = 1664), the United Kingdom (n = 1617) and Australia (n = 1591).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey questions included demographics, smoking behaviour, use of NRT and reasons for NRT use, as well as access and availability of NRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 17% of smokers surveyed had used NRT in the past year. Among NRT users, approximately one-third used NRT for a reason other than quitting smoking, including temporary abstinence or reducing the number of cigarettes smoked. The prevalence of non-standard NRT use was remarkably consistent across countries. Using NRT for reasons other than quitting was associated with higher education level, heavier smoking, having no quit intentions, having no past-year quit attempts, the type of NRT product used and accessing NRT without a prescription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of NRT for purposes other than quitting smoking is fairly common and may help to explain the difficulty in detecting significant quitting benefits associated with NRT use in population studies. Tobacco control policies, including the accessibility of NRT, may have important implications for patterns of NRT use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies & Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. dhammond@uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Driezen
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borland
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McNeill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine