title: Nurse staffing, bed numbers and the cost of acute psychiatric inpatient care in England.
abstract: The aim of this analysis was to describe the composition, variability and factors associated with nurse staffing costs in acute psychiatric inpatient care. Numbers of acute inpatient beds in England have fallen, creating an occupancy crisis. Numbers of acute inpatient nursing staff are linked to quality of care. Variance in staffing and beds has considerable resource implications, but little is known about how these costs are structured. The sample comprised survey data from 136 wards in 26 NHS Trusts, matched with nationally available data on service levels, population and outcomes. The cost of providing acute inpatient care varied fivefold between different Trusts. This variation comprised of numbers of beds/population, numbers of nurses/beds and the proportion of nurses qualified. These variations were not fully accounted for by differing levels of social deprivation. Although service provision levels in London were higher, wide variation in costs existed in every region. Associations between nursing cost per bed and performance indicators were found. As investment in acute inpatient care varies widely, we need to know much more about the relationship of inputs to outputs, so that empirically based standard service levels can be defined.
authors.affiliation: City University, London, UK. l.bowers@city.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000208:Acute Disease; D001509:Bed Occupancy / Q000191:economics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000191:economics*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D009017:Morbidity; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000191:economics*; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000191:economics*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics; D000078329:Workforce