title: Over-expression of a modified bifunctional apoptosis regulator protects against cardiac injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BAR) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that interacts with both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. We hypothesize that over-expression of BAR Delta RING prevents apoptosis and injury following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and attenuates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We generated a line of transgenic mice that carried a human BAR Delta RING transgene under the control of the mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. The RING domain, which binds ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, was deleted to prevent auto-ubiquitination of BAR and allow accumulation of the BAR protein, which binds apoptosis-regulating proteins. High levels of human BAR Delta RING transcripts and 42 KDa BAR Delta RING protein were expressed in the hearts of transgenic mice. When excised hearts were reperfused ex vivo for 45 min as Langendorff preparations after 45 min of global ischaemia, the functional recovery of the hearts, expressed as left ventricular developed pressure x heart rate, was 23 +/- 1.7% in the non-transgenic hearts compared with 51.5 +/- 4.3% in the transgenic hearts (P < 0.05). For in vivo studies, mice were subjected to 50 min of ligation of the left descending anterior coronary artery followed by 4 h of reperfusion. The infarct sizes following I/R injury, expressed as the percentage of the area at risk, were significantly smaller in the transgenic mice than in the non-transgenic mice (29 +/- 4 vs. 55 +/- 4%, P < 0.05). In hearts of mice subjected to cardiac I/R injury, BAR transgenic hearts had significantly fewer in situ oligo-ligation-positive cardiac cells (5.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 13.4 +/- 0.5%, P < 0.05). Over-expression of BAR Delta RING also significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that over-expression of BAR Delta RING renders the heart more resistant to I/R injury and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, and this protection correlates with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, James H. Quillen School of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
authors.forename: Chu Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ye-Shih
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Xingshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: I-Chun
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Kaw-Yan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Balvin H L
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chua
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D054829:RING Finger Domains / Q000235:genetics; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C406792:BFAR protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D002118:Calcium