title: Novel process of fermenting black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yogurt with dramatically reduced flatulence-causing oligosaccharides but enriched soy phytoalexins.
abstract: Black soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were germinated under fungal stress with food grade R. oligosporus for 3 days and were homogenized and fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to produce soy yogurt. Fungal stress led to the generation of oxylipins [oxooctadecadienoic acids (KODES) isomers and their respective glyceryl esters] and glyceollins--a type of phytoalexins unique to soybeans. In soy yogurt, the concentrations of total KODES and total glyceollins were 0.678 mg/g (dry matter) and 0.953 mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of other isoflavones (mainly genistein and daidzein and their derivatives) in soy yogurt remained largely unchanged after the processes compared with the control soy yogurt. Germination of black soybean under fungal stress for 3 days was sufficient to reduce stachyose and raffinose (which cause flatulence) by 92 and 80%, respectively. With a pH value of 4.42, a lactic acid content of 0.262%, and a maximum viable cell count of 2.1 x 10 (8) CFU/mL in the final soy yogurt, soy milk from germinated soybeans under fungal stress was concluded to be a suitable medium for yogurt-making. The resulting soy yogurt had significantly altered micronutrient profiles with significantly reduced oligosaccharides and enriched glyceollins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543. chmhdj@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Shengbao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Chin Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Yuan Kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dejian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005414:Flatulence / Q000382:microbiology*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D036343:Pterocarpans / Q000032:analysis; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D036343:Pterocarpans; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D019344:Lactic Acid; C017343:glyceollin; D000094162:Phytoalexins