title: Protective action of doxycycline against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. They can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and MMP-2 in particular is known to mediate early consequences of oxidative stress injury in the heart. Therefore, we investigated the role of MMP-2 and the effect of the MMP inhibitor doxycycline on the changes of heart function caused by diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, we evaluated the effect of doxycycline on both mechanical and electrical function of isolated hearts, papillary muscle and cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doxycycline abolished the diabetes-induced depression in left ventricular developed pressure and the rates of changes in developed pressure in isolated hearts and normalized the prolongation of the action potential in papillary muscles. In cardiomyocytes isolated from doxycycline-treated diabetic rats, the altered kinetic parameters of Ca(2+) transients, depressed Ca(2+) loading of sarcoplasmic reticulum and basal intracellular Ca(2+) level, and the spatio-temporal properties of Ca(2+) sparks were significantly restored. Gelatin zymography and western blot data indicated that the diabetes-induced alterations in MMP-2 activity and protein level, level of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 and loss of troponin I were restored to control levels with doxycycline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that these beneficial effects of doxycycline on the mechanical, electrical and biochemical properties of the diabetic rat heart appear, at least in part, to be related to inhibition of MMP activity, implying a role for MMPs in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yaras
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sariahmetoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilginoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydemir-Koksoy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onay-Besikci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D013311:Streptozocin; D004318:Doxycycline; D002118:Calcium