title: The meaning and significance of self-management among socioeconomically vulnerable older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe and contrast perceptions of self-management among socioeconomically vulnerable and nonvulnerable older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used in-depth, in-home interviews guided by identity theory. Analyses included reviewing audiotapes, creating and comparing field notes, coding transcripts, and identifying themes based on case summaries. Interviews took place in patients' homes. Participants were 23 vulnerable older adults with incomes at or below 200% of the federal poverty level and no private insurance and 12 older adults with private health insurance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vulnerable sample had lower educational attainment and lower health literacy than the privately insured sample. Keeping doctor visits and taking prescription medications largely defined self-management for the vulnerable sample but were just two of a number of roles noted by the privately insured group, who expressed health promotion as the key to healthy aging. The vulnerable interviewees relayed few examples of healthy aging and did not have expectations for healthful aging. In contrast, the privately insured interviewees gave examples and had expectations of living long and healthfully into old age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved understanding of the role of social context in expectations regarding aging, and awareness of and priorities for self-management, could lead to improvements in self-management support and thus chronic care outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, HITS Building Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3012, USA. dclark@regenstrief.org
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Gretchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bair
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Callahan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D008297:Male; D012648:Self Care; D012944:Social Support; D035862:Vulnerable Populations