title: Cytomorphologic spectrum in paraganglioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the detailed cytologic features of paragangliomas (PGs) and delineate features helpful in predicting behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed retrospective analysis of 12 cases cytologically suggested as PG over a period of 10 years. Smears were reviewed for cellularity, pattern, shape, cytoplasm, nuclear features and background. Cytologic diagnosis was correlated with clinicoradiologic features, histologic features and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age ranged from 12 to 65 years, with male preponderance; they presented with a mass lesion. Sites involved were head and neck (5), retroperitoneum (5) and mediastinum (2). Smears were cellular; cells were round to oval, plasmacytoid and spindled and seen as scattered, in clusters, acinar and perivascular pattern. The most consistent feature was presence of pink granules. Pleomorphism was present in all but 1 case and less prominent in tumors with metastasis. Mitoses were more frequently seen in malignant cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytologic features of PG are diverse. Although there are certain main features, they are not diagnostic unless combined with data on site, histology and ancillary studies. Presence of granules, mild pleomorphism, frequent mitoses and necrosis needs careful evaluation for malignancy potential and warrants close follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kachnar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Shyama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Shramana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002345:Carotid Body Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies