title: [Usefulness of transcranial sonography in Parkinson's disease. A comparative study using 123I-FP-CIT SPECT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased echogenicity of the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson's disease has been demonstrated by brain parenchyma sonography (BPS). BPS is a new and non-invasive technique that allows imaging of the brain in 2-dimensional axial slices. Changes in echogenicity can be displayed using ultrasounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate substantia nigra echogenicity in a group of Parkinson's disease patients and controls and compare with disease and functional neuroimaging parameters using ioflupane-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty-two subjects were recruited consecutively. BPS and ioflupane-SPECT were performed in all.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Around 90% of Parkinson's disease patients showed a distinctive increase of echogenicity of substantia nigra above or equal 0.18 cm2, whereas this echo feature was detected in 11% of controls. Most of patients (86%) with an area of substantia nigra echogenicity above or equal 0.18 cm2 showed a nigro-striatal impairment, that is, a decreased ioflupane uptake measured by SPECT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPS is a useful tool in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. A good agreement between both techniques was achieved. The diagnosis accuracy obtained using BPS does not seem superior to ioflupane-SPECT. Nevertheless, hyperechogenicity could be considered as a vulnerability "marker" of the substantia nigra.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. 36043jhv@comb.es
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández Vara
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubiera del Fueyo
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzo Bosquet
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castell Conesa
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Molina Cateriano
authors.forename: Francisco Miquel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009662:Nortropanes; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D009662:Nortropanes; C519528:ioflupane