title: Effects of reduced nitrogen compounds on epiphytic lichen communities in Mediterranean Italy.
abstract: The effects of reduced nitrogen compounds on epiphytic lichen vegetation have been largely investigated in northern Europe. This paper reports for the first time results of a study carried out on pine trees in the Mediterranean basin. Contrary to the usual acidophytic lichen colonization of pine bark, in this case a nitrophytic lichen vegetation was found, suggesting that the study area is characterized by a diffuse eutrophication. Tree circumference, distance from the stock farms, bark pH and bark electrical conductivity emerged as the main factors influencing the distribution and abundance of epiphytic lichens in the study area. Both Hyperphyscia adglutinata and Xanthoria parietina were suitable local indicator species of high pine bark pH values. However, while X. parietina indicated high nitrogen dust pollution, H. adglutinata occurred also where there was an additional increase in bark pH caused by the release of high amounts of ammonia. The increased nitrogen availability caused by ammonium apparently had no effect on the occurrence of nitrophytes.
authors.affiliation: TerraData Environmetrics, Department of Environmental Science, University of Siena, Via. P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy. frati@terradata.it
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunialti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loppi
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007558:Italy; D008011:Lichens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D028223:Pinus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D009584:Nitrogen