title: Pre-exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields modifies menadione-induced DNA damage response in murine L929 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects on DNA damage response were investigated in murine L929 cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) with or without ultraviolet B (UVB, wavelength 280-320 nm) radiation or menadione (MQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were exposed to MF at 100 or 300 microT combined with MQ (150 microM, 1 hour) or UVB radiation (160 J/m(2)) using various exposure schedules. The samples were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and analysed by flow cytometer for cell cycle stages. Apoptotic cells were defined as sub G(1) events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cells first exposed to 100 microT MF for 24 h, the response to subsequent MQ treatment was significantly altered so that the proportion of sub G(1) cells was decreased and the proportion of cells in the G(2)/M phase was increased. When a 300 microT MF was used, also the proportion of cells in the G(1) phase was decreased. MF exposures after MQ treatment did not alter responses to MQ. No effects were found from MF exposure alone or from MF combined with UVB radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results strengthen previous findings suggesting that pre-exposure to MF can alter cellular responses to other agents, and indicate that MF as low as 100 microT has measurable impacts on cancer-relevant cellular processes such as DNA-damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. ari.markkanen@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markkanen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juutilainen
authors.forename: Jonne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naarala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D024483:Vitamin K 3 / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D011419:Propidium; D024483:Vitamin K 3