title: A prime-boost vaccination protocol optimizes immune responses against the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS coronavirus.
abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious infectious disease caused by the SARS coronavirus. We assessed the potential of prime-boost vaccination protocols based on the nucleocapsid (NC) protein co-administered with a derivative of the mucosal adjuvant MALP-2 or expressed by modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA-NC) to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal levels. The obtained results demonstrated that strong immune responses can be elicited both at systemic and mucosal levels following a heterologous prime-boost vaccination protocol consisting in priming with NC protein add-mixed with MALP-2 by intranasal route and boosting with MVA-NC by intramuscular route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Kia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staib
authors.forename: Hermann M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schätzl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebensen
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Erfle
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guzman
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000379:methods; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D055666:Lipopeptides; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C106335:macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2