title: Psychosocial adaptation of adolescent migrants in a Swiss community survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare psychosocial adaptation in adolescent (first generation) migrants, double-citizens (mainly second generation with one migrant parent), and native Swiss, and to compare migrants from various European regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a community survey were based on 1,239 participants (mean age 13.8, SD = 1.6 years) with 996 natives, 55 double-citizens, and 188 migrants. The adolescents completed the youth self-report measuring emotional and behavioural problems, and various questionnaires addressing life events, personality variables, perceived parental behaviour (PPB), family functioning, school environment, and social network.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescent migrants had significantly higher scores for internalizing and externalizing problems. There was a pattern of various unfavourable psychosocial features including life events, coping, self-related cognitions, and PPB that was more common among adolescent migrants than natives. Double-citizens were similar to natives in all domains. Young adolescents from South and South-East Europe differed from natives in terms of more unfavourable psychosocial features. Migrant status was best predicted by adverse psychosocial features rather than emotional and behavioural problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is some indication that certain migrant adolescents are at risk of psychosocial mal-adaptation. Obviously, ethnic origin is an important moderator.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Zürich 8032, Switzerland. hc.steinhausen@kjpd.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Steinhausen
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bearth-Carrari
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler Metzke
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013557:Switzerland; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*