title: Microbial populations on hides of grazing steers in a forage-based production system in Uruguay.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the microbiological status of hides of grazing steers in a typical forage-based system in Uruguay. The study was conducted on a single farm with samples taken on 3 days during the spring of 2007. Four anatomical hide sites (perineum area, flank, back, and shoulder) of 10 steers were individually swabbed each sampling day at the farm environment (n = 120). Each sample was analyzed by the Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay for aerobic plate counts (APC), total coliform counts (TCC), and Escherichia coli counts (ECC). Mean log values for APC, TCC, and ECC on external animal hide surfaces, across all sampling sites, were 5.52, 1.89, and 1.70 log CFU/cm2, respectively. There were no significant differences among bacterial counts from the four hide surface locations. Mean log values for APC, TCC, and ECC were 1.49, 1.15, and 1.12 log CFU/cm2 lower, respectively, on sampling day 2 than on sampling day 3. Microbial populations on hides of grazing steers are highly variable and dependent on climatic and environmental conditions. To our knowledge this is the first study published evaluating the hygienic conditions of grazing livestock operations in Uruguay and their potential implications on the red meat chain.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 8 km 281, CP 33000, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay. provira@tyt.inia.org.uy
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: José I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Velazco
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D006109:Poaceae; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D014583:Uruguay