title: [Rupture of the ventral serrate muscles (Flying Scapulas) as a symptom of muscular dystrophy in Holstein-Friesian heifers on a Dutch dairy farm].
abstract: Within a week of being turned out to pasture, 3 of 30 heifers displayed a symptom described in the literature as "Flying Scapulas". The cause of this symptom is severe muscular dystrophy, with subsequent rupture of the ventral serrate muscles. Blood analysis revealed a deficiency of both vitamin E and selenium in all three heifers. No new clinical cases of muscular dystrophy were observed after the animals were housed and given vitamin E and selenium supplements. As far as is known, this is the first report in which a deficiency of both vitamin E and selenium was found in animals with the clinical symptoms of Flying Scapulas. This is the first description of Flying Scapulas in cattle in The Netherlands.
authors.affiliation: Dierenartsenpraktijk Nijkerk-Wellensiek, Holkerweg 52, 3861 PB Nijkerk.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jobse
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bouwstra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzhauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries*; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D012643:Selenium