title: Earthworms as ecosystem engineers and the most important detritivors in forest soils.
abstract: Earthworms are considered as soil engineers because of their effects on soil properties and their influence on the availability of resources for other organisms, including microorganisms and plants. However, the links between their impacts on the soil environment and the resulting modification of natural selection pressures on engineer as well as on other organisms have received little attention. Earthworms are known to have a positive influence on the soil fabric and on the decomposition and mineralization of litter by breaking down organic matter and producing large amounts of fasces, thereby mixing litter with the mineral soil. Therefore, they play an important part in changes from one humus from to another according to forest succession patterns. Consequently, they are also expected to be good bio-indicators for forest site quality and are thus useful when planning forest production improvement. Earthworm's populations are as indicator that in exploited regions is destruction indicator and reclamation plans is nature return indicator. In this study we summarized the current knowledge in relation to earthworm's ecology in forest soils as ecosystem engineers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sari, P.O. Box 737, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kooch
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jalilvand
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D008954:Models, Biological; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014197:Trees; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea