title: Outcomes of reparative and transplantation strategies for multilevel left heart obstructions with mitral stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional management for multilevel left heart obstructions and mitral stenosis (Shone's complex) involves multiple operations that carry additive risks. This study reviews our experience with reconstructive and transplantation approaches for Shone's complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 2007, 43 patients with mitral stenosis and one or more left-sided obstructions were identified: supramitral ring (n = 13), subaortic stenosis (n = 25), aortic stenosis (n = 24), hypoplastic arch (n = 20), and coarctation (n = 38). Thirty patients underwent a staged reparative approach, including 27 mitral and 51 left ventricular outflow tract operations. Thirteen patients were referred for transplantation. Patients with severe hypoplasia of the left ventricle were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one in-hospital death (2.5%) and six late deaths (14.2%). Actuarial 5- and 10-year survival for staged surgical and transplantation was 88% vs 61.3% and 83.1% vs 61.3% (p = 0.035). At a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, freedom from mitral reoperation was 83.3% and freedom from reoperation for subaortic stenosis was 78.0%. Wait-list mortality was 13.3% (2 of 13). Wait-list time exceeding 90 days was an incremental risk factor for death after transplantation (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the challenges of a reparative strategy for Shone's complex, favorable survival and durability outcomes can be expected. Heart transplantation, although avoiding the pitfalls of staged repair, confers increased risks from ongoing physiologic derangements due to uncorrected left heart inflow and outflow obstructions during the wait for donor heart availability.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital Heart Institute, Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA. spm@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Sunil P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacour-Gayet
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Marshall L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dines
authors.forename: D Dunbar
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.forename: Max B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011336:Probability; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*