title: Phase advancing the human circadian clock with blue-enriched polychromatic light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that the human circadian system is maximally sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light. Whether this sensitivity can be utilized to increase the size of phase shifts using light boxes and protocols designed for practical settings is not known. We assessed whether bright polychromatic lamps enriched in the short-wavelength portion of the visible light spectrum could produce larger phase advances than standard bright white lamps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two healthy young adults received either a bright white or bright blue-enriched 2-h phase advancing light pulse upon awakening on each of four treatment days. On the first treatment day the light pulse began 8h after the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), on average about 2h before baseline wake time. On each subsequent day, light treatment began 1h earlier than the previous day, and the sleep schedule was also advanced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phase advances of the DLMO for the blue-enriched (92+/-78 min, n=12) and white groups (76+/-45 min, n=10) were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bright blue-enriched polychromatic light is no more effective than standard bright light therapy for phase advancing circadian rhythms at commonly used therapeutic light levels.
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Suite 425, 1645 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Revell
authors.forename: Charmane I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Eastman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep; D014851:Wakefulness; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin