title: Ability of deoxyribonucleic acid-damaged sperm to withstand freeze-thaw-induced damage during cryopreservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the association between sperm DNA damage and the ability of DNA-damaged sperm to withstand the freeze-thaw process during cryopreservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryology research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight- to 12-week-old Swiss strain male albino mice (Mus musculus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm carrying a known amount of DNA damage was subjected to cryopreservation and thereafter evaluated for survival and freeze-thaw-induced DNA damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elucidation of association between the amount of initial sperm DNA damage, cryosurvival, and freeze-thaw-induced DNA modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong correlation (R = -0.87) was observed between the amount of initial sperm DNA damage and postthaw survival. However, no significant enhancement in DNA damage was observed by the cryopreservation of spermatozoa with various amounts of DNA damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryopreservation of DNA-damaged sperm does not deteriorate the DNA quality, but sperm survival is compromised.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India. Electronic address: satish.adiga@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adiga
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Zaheer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Upadhya
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Guruprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalthur
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Pratap
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004247:DNA / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004247:DNA