title: Efficient inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by gene transferred mouse survivin Thr34-->Ala mutant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastasis in breast cancer is a vital concern in treatment because most women with primary breast cancer have micrometastases to distant sites at diagnosis. As a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, survivin has been proposed as an attractive target for new anticancer interventions. In this study, we investigated the role of the plasmid encoding the phosphorylation-defective mouse survivin threonine 34-->alanine mutant (Msurvivin T34A plasmid) in suppressing both murine primary breast carcinomas and pulmonary metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro study, induction of apoptosis by Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol) was examined by PI staining fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. The anti-tumor and anti-metastases activity of Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol) was evaluated in female BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 s.c. tumors. Mice were treated twice weekly with i.v. administration of Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol), PORF-9 null plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol), 0.9% NaCl solution for 4 weeks. Tumor volume was observed. After sacrificed, tumor net weight was measured and Lung metastatic nodules of each group were counted. Assessment of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay was conducted in tumor tissue. Microvessel density within tumor tissue was determined by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Alginate-encapsulated tumor cells test was conducted to evaluate the effect on angiogenesis. By experiment of cytotoxicity T lymphocytes, we test whether Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol) can induce specific cell immune response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome (DOTAP/Chol) resulted in significant inhibition in the growth and metastases of 4T1 tumor model. These anti-tumor and anti-metastases responses were associated with triggering the apoptosis of tumor cells directly, inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing specific cellular immune response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that the Msurvivin T34A plasmid complexed with cationic liposome may provide an effective approach to inhibit the growth and metastases of a highly metastatic mouse breast cancer model with minimal side effects.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Keyuan Road 4, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. pssabcd@sohu.com
authors.forename: Xing-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yong-Qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Han-Shuo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ji-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D013912:Threonine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D013912:Threonine; C070046:1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane; D000409:Alanine