Zinc and diarrheal disease: current status and future perspectives.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical data indicating the benefits of oral zinc supplementation to prevent and/or treat diarrhea in children and extend these findings to adults.


RESULTS
Zinc plays an important role in modulating host resistance to infectious agents and reducing the risk, severity, and duration of diarrheal diseases. Zinc is important in the developing world and in low-income and middle-income countries where mild-to-moderate zinc deficiency is highly prevalent.The WHO/UNICEF recommendations for zinc supplementation are based on meta-analyses of randomized, controlled intervention trials on children: 20 mg zinc/day for 10-14 days for children with acute diarrhea and 10 mg/day for infants under 6 months of age. Effective forms include sulfate, gluconate, or acetate. No similar studies have been conducted on adults. Thus, carefully conducted clinical trials are necessary to ascertain the efficacy of zinc in prevention of acute and persistent diarrhea in adults.


CONCLUSIONS
Faced with rising antibiotic resistance and the lack of effective antidiarrheal vaccines, oral zinc provides substantial benefit in the reduction of stool output and disease duration combined with safety, selectivity of action, and low cost. Thus, oral zinc supplementation is a practical therapeutic intervention for the treatment of diarrhea in children, and by extension, should be provided to adults.
Scrimgeour
Angus G
AG
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, USA. angus.scrimgeour@us.army.mil
Lukaski
Henry C
HC
D000208:Acute Disease; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004351:Drug Resistance; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000930:Antidiarrheals; D015032:Zinc