title: The G protein-coupled receptor G2A: involvement in hepatic lipid metabolism and gallstone formation in mice.
abstract: The G2A receptor is a member of the ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 family of stress-inducible G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, we examined the hepatobiliary effects of loss of function of G2A in mice fed either a chow or lithogenic diet. G2A-deficient (G2A(-/-)) mice fed chow had a 25% reduction in biliary phosphatidylcholine content, reduced hepatic gene expression of the phosphatidylcholine transporter adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B4, and an 8-fold increase in expression of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR). Despite the increased expression of LXR, transcription of several LXR target genes was reduced. G2A(-/-) mice fed a lithogenic diet had rapid gallstone formation, an increased cholesterol saturation index, a 2.5-fold increase in farnesoid X receptor expression, a 5-fold increase in LXR expression, and a 90% reduction in cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase expression in comparison with wild-type mice. There were no changes in gallbladder volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the G2A receptor is important for hepatobiliary bile salt, cholesterol, and phospholipid homeostasis and for the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone formation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Bolick
authors.forename: Marcus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Skaflen
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010743:Phospholipids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C115270:G2A receptor