title: Serum L-homoarginine concentration is elevated during normal pregnancy and is related to flow-mediated vasodilatation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal pregnancy is associated with enhanced vasodilatation because of the increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Because L-homoarginine can act as a substrate for NO production, concentrations of L-homoarginine in normal pregnancy were assessed in the present study to test whether L-homoarginine is associated with endothelial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healthy non-pregnant (n=61) and pregnant women (n=58) were studied in a cross-sectional study. L-homoarginine, L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were determined simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography. Endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured by ultrasound. The serum L-homoarginine concentration was significantly higher during the second and the third trimesters compared with the levels in the non-pregnant women (4.8+/-1.7 and 5.3+/-1.5 vs 2.7+/-1.0 micromol/L, p<0.001, respectively). In line with this, FMD increased in response to pregnancy (p<0.05). Three months after delivery, the L-homoarginine concentrations and FMD were comparable to those recorded in the non-pregnant females. The concentration of L-homoarginine correlated significantly with gestational age (r=0.426, p=0.001) and brachial artery diameter and FMD (r=0.362, p=0.006 and r=0.306, p=0.022, respectively) in pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-homoarginine appears to be increased during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and may contribute to the enhanced endothelial function in normal pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Centre, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valtonen
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyyra-Laitinen
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Nonna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heiskanen
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Punnonen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006709:Homoarginine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006709:Homoarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide