title: Automatic sex detection of individuals of Ceratitis capitata by means of computer vision in a biofactory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sterile insect technique (SIT) is acknowledged around the world as an effective method for biological pest control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Sterile insects are produced in biofactories where one key issue is the selection of the progenitors that have to transmit specific genetic characteristics. Recombinant individuals must be removed as this colony is renewed. Nowadays, this task is performed manually, in a process that is extremely slow, painstaking and labour intensive, in which the sex of individuals must be identified. The paper explores the possibility of using vision sensors and pattern recognition algorithms for automated detection of recombinants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An automatic system is proposed and tested to inspect individual specimens of C. capitata using machine vision. It includes a backlighting system and image processing algorithms for determining the sex of live flies in five high-resolution images of each insect. The system is capable of identifying the sex of the flies by means of a program that analyses the contour of the abdomen, using fast Fourier transform features, to detect the presence of the ovipositor. Moreover, it can find the characteristic spatulate setae of males. Simulation tests with 1000 insects (5000 images) had 100% success in identifying male flies, with an error rate of 0.6% for female flies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work establishes the basis for building a machine for the automatic detection and removal of recombinant individuals in the selection of progenitors for biofactories, which would have huge benefits for SIT around the globe.
authors.affiliation: Centro de AgroIngeniería, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain. blasco_josiva@gva.es
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blasco
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sanchís
authors.forename: Abelardo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chueca
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Argilés
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moltó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001331:Automation; D033622:Ceratitis capitata / Q000502:physiology*; D004772:Entomology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D012727:Sex Characteristics