title: Noninvasive measurement and screening techniques for spinal deformities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal deformities are caused by a heterogeneous collection of disease processes. The progression of the scoliotic curve can vary depending on the individual patient, as well as the curve etiology. Noninvasive measurement techniques have been developed to obtain a baseline in addition to record curve progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed our study based on a comprehensive literature review and clinical experience. A systematic review of Medline for articles related to spinal deformities (scoliosis) and screening techniques was conducted up to and including those journal articles published in March 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are numerous noninvasive modalities available to assess curve progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a detailed physical examination, serial examinations, and radiographic means serve well to document curve presence and monitor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. James.harrop@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Harrop
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Birknes
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Shaffrey
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012107:Research Design; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging