Association of renal function with cardiac calcifications in older adults: the cardiovascular health study.
BACKGROUND
Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) and mitral annulus calcification (MAC) are highly prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease. It is less well established whether milder kidney disease is associated with cardiac calcifications. We evaluated the relationships between renal function and MAC, aortic annular calcification (AAC) and AVS in the elderly.


METHODS
From the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based cohort of ambulatory adults >or= age 65, a total of 3929 individuals (mean +/- SD age 74 +/- 5 years, 60% women) were evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography. Renal function was assessed by means of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cystatin C.


RESULTS
The prevalences of MAC and AAC were significantly higher in individuals with an eGFR < 45 mL/ min/1.73 m(2) (P < 0.01 for each), and cystatin C levels were significantly higher in individuals with MAC or AAC compared to individuals without these cardiac calcifications (P < 0.001 for each). After multivariate-adjustment, an eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was significantly associated with MAC [odds ratio 1.54 (95% CI 1.16-2.06), P = 0.003] and not associated with AAC [1.30 (0.97-1.74), P = 0.085] and AVS [1.15 (0.86-1.53), P = 0.355]. In addition, cystatin C levels were independently associated with MAC [odds ratio per SD 1.12 (1.05-1.21), P = 0.001] and not associated with AAC [1.07 (1.00-1.15), P = 0.054] and AVS [0.99 (0.93-1.06), P = 0.82]. Furthermore, the prevalence of multiple cardiac calcifications was higher in subjects with an eGFR < 45 mL/ min/1.73 m(2) and increased per quartile of cystatin C (P-values < 0.001). In addition, a significant trend was observed between an eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2), increasing levels of cystatin C and the number of cardiac calcifications (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
In a community-based cohort of the elderly, moderate kidney disease as defined by an eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m(2) and elevated levels of cystatin C was associated with prevalent MAC. In addition, a significant trend was observed between an eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m(2), increasing levels of cystatin C and the number of cardiac calcifications. No associations were found between renal function and AAC or AVS.
Asselbergs
Folkert W
FW
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. fwasselbergs@hotmail.com
Mozaffarian
Dariush
D
Katz
Ronit
R
Kestenbaum
Bryan
B
Fried
Linda F
LF
Gottdiener
John S
JS
Shlipak
Michael G
MG
Siscovick
David S
DS
D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve; D012307:Risk Factors
D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine