Successful rescue therapy with a darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine antiretroviral regimen in a child with vertically acquired multidrug-resistant HIV-1.
An increasing prevalence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance in ART-experienced and ART-naive pregnant women has been reported. Some studies suggest that antiretroviral drug-resistant viruses might have decreased replication capacity and transmissibility. However, cases of perinatal transmission of multidrug-resistant HIV type-1 (HIV-1) have been described. Here, we report the case of one child with vertically-acquired multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and the outcome of a rescue therapy with a darunavir/ritonavir- and etravirine-containing antiretroviral regimen. During the 15 months of therapy, the child showed clinical improvement, including no side effects, persistent suppression of viral replication and a great increase in CD4+ T-cell count. Paediatric HIV specialists should be prepared to manage a small, but increasing, number of babies with a 'nightmare' multidrug-resistant virus with no available treatment options. The use of experimental agents might become a compelling issue in vertically HIV-infected children born in the era of highly active ART.
Viganò
Alessandra
A
Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. alessandra.vigano@unimi.it
Meroni
Luca
L
Marchetti
Giulia
G
Vanzulli
Angelo
A
Giacomet
Vania
V
Fasan
Silvia
S
Pradella
Andrea
A
Cerini
Chiara
C
Zuccotti
Gian V
GV
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D000069454:Darunavir; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; C451734:etravirine; D019438:Ritonavir; D000069454:Darunavir