Restarting anticoagulation therapy after warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND
Reinitiating warfarin sodium therapy in a patient with a recent warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage (WAICH) is a difficult clinical decision. Therefore, it is important to assess the outcome of resumption or discontinuation of warfarin therapy after WAICH.


OBJECTIVE
To compare patients who survived an episode of WAICH and restarted warfarin therapy with a group of WAICH patients who did not resume warfarin therapy. Design, Setting, and Patients We conducted a follow-up study from November 1, 2001, through December 31, 2005, in a cohort from a single center. Long-term outcome was assessed at last clinical follow-up or via questionnaire.


METHODS
Recurrent WAICH and thromboembolic events.


RESULTS
Fifty-two patients were discharged from the hospital after a diagnosis of WAICH. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up among all patients was 43 (range, 1-108) months. Of the 23 patients who restarted warfarin therapy, 1 had a recurrent nontraumatic WAICH, 2 had traumatic intracerebral hemorrhages, and 2 had major extracranial hemorrhages. Of the 25 patients who did not restart warfarin therapy, 3 had a thromboembolic stroke, 1 had a pulmonary embolus, and 1 had a distal arterial embolus.


CONCLUSIONS
Restarting warfarin therapy in patients with a recent WAICH is associated with a low risk of recurrence, but patients are subjected to known, substantial risks of warfarin use. Withholding warfarin therapy is associated with a risk of thromboembolization.
Claassen
Daniel O
DO
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, W8B, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. rabinstein.alejandro@mayo.edu
Kazemi
Noojan
N
Zubkov
Alexander Y
AY
Wijdicks
Eelco F M
EF
Rabinstein
Alejandro A
AA
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013995:Time; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin