Enhanced bioaugmentation of petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil using wheat straw.
A new bioaugmentation method for petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil was presented, in which wheat straw was used to enhance salt leaching and subsequent petroleum degradation by a bacteria-fungi consortium of Enterobacter cloacae and Cunninghamella echinulata. The effectiveness of a coarse wheat straw layer in inhibiting capillary-induced upward salt movement and in enhancing growth of E. cloacae and C. echinulata was shown in the laboratory and a 7000-m(2) field study in Henan Province, China. In the field study, the Na(+) concentration in remediated soil at 1-25 cm depth decreased from 1597 ± 394 to 543 ± 217 mg kg(-1), while Cl(-) decreased from 1520 ± 922 to 421 ± 253 mg kg(-1). The wheat straw increased bacterial biomass by 170-fold and fungi 11-fold compared to control soil without wheat straw. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons decreased from 6320 ± 1180 to 2260 ± 420 mg kg(-1) after 45 d of treatment. Wheat was cultivated on remediated soil and grain yield reached 72% of that obtained in normal farmland adjacent to the study site. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of wheat straw in enhancing bioaugmentation of the petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil and indicated a high application potential.
Zhang
Kun
K
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Hua
Xiu-Fu
XF
Han
Hui-Long
HL
Wang
Jun
J
Miao
Chang-Chun
CC
Xu
Yuan-Yuan
YY
Huang
Zhen-Dong
ZD
Zhang
Hong
H
Yang
Jian-Min
JM
Jin
Wen-Biao
WB
Liu
Yong-Min
YM
Liu
Zheng
Z
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D055884:Chemical Hazard Release; D020093:Cunninghamella / Q000378:metabolism; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012965:Sodium Chloride