The potential and challenges of nanopore sequencing.
A nanopore-based device provides single-molecule detection and analytical capabilities that are achieved by electrophoretically driving molecules in solution through a nano-scale pore. The nanopore provides a highly confined space within which single nucleic acid polymers can be analyzed at high throughput by one of a variety of means, and the perfect processivity that can be enforced in a narrow pore ensures that the native order of the nucleobases in a polynucleotide is reflected in the sequence of signals that is detected. Kilobase length polymers (single-stranded genomic DNA or RNA) or small molecules (e.g., nucleosides) can be identified and characterized without amplification or labeling, a unique analytical capability that makes inexpensive, rapid DNA sequencing a possibility. Further research and development to overcome current challenges to nanopore identification of each successive nucleotide in a DNA strand offers the prospect of 'third generation' instruments that will sequence a diploid mammalian genome for approximately $1,000 in approximately 24 h.
Branton
Daniel
D
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dbranton@harvard.edu
Deamer
David W
DW
Marziali
Andre
A
Bayley
Hagan
H
Benner
Steven A
SA
Butler
Thomas
T
Di Ventra
Massimiliano
M
Garaj
Slaven
S
Hibbs
Andrew
A
Huang
Xiaohua
X
Jovanovich
Stevan B
SB
Krstic
Predrag S
PS
Lindsay
Stuart
S
Ling
Xinsheng Sean
XS
Mastrangelo
Carlos H
CH
Meller
Amit
A
Oliver
John S
JS
Pershin
Yuriy V
YV
Ramsey
J Michael
JM
Riehn
Robert
R
Soni
Gautam V
GV
Tabard-Cossa
Vincent
V
Wanunu
Meni
M
Wiggin
Matthew
M
Schloss
Jeffery A
JA
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