Frequency of abnormal correlation between leptin and the body mass index during first and second generation antipsychotic drug treatment.
BACKGROUND
Leptin dysregulation has been implicated in the body weight gain and metabolic dysfunction observed with the second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAD) olanzapine and clozapine.


METHODS
This study quantified the frequency of subjects with abnormal correlation between leptin and the body mass index controlling for gender (defined as being out of the upper or lower 95% confidence interval in the regression line when combining each group with the drug-free subjects) after prolonged treatment with olanzapine (n=126), clozapine (n=62), first generation antiypsychotics (n=91), other SGAD (n=22), other psychotropic drugs (n=65) and drug-free subjects (n=229).


RESULTS
None of the analysis was significant (p>0.05). In fact, in 17 out of 20 comparisons, the drug-free group had numerically higher frequencies of outliers than the corresponding treatment group. There were 28 outliers (4.7% of the total sample). In agreement with previous studies, cross-sectional analysis did not report gross alterations in serum leptin levels during olanzapine or clozapine administration.


CONCLUSIONS
Longitudinal studies should focus on leptin regulation early on treatment, on the frequency of abnormal leptin receptor sensitivity and/or specific polymorphisms in the leptin allele and on several confounding factors in order to design personalized preventive and therapeutic measures.
Department of Physiology, Los Andes University Medical School, Mérida, Venezuela.
Rocio
R
Peña
David
D
Marquina
Ana
A
Serrano
Yamily
Y
Elfakih
Enma Araujo
EA
de Baptista
Edgardo
E
Carrizo
Virginia
V
Fernández
Lenin
L
Valery
Luis
L
Teneud
Trino
T
Baptista
D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D016311:Outliers, DRG; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000187:drug effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D012737:Sex Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003024:Clozapine; D000077152:Olanzapine