Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on liver enzymes increases with increasing body mass index.
BACKGROUND
Although both ethanol consumption and overweight alter the activities of hepatic enzymes in circulation, the differentiation of an alcohol or nonalcohol basis for such changes remains problematic. The magnitude of alterations occurring among moderate drinkers has remained obscure.


OBJECTIVE
We examined the links between moderate ethanol consumption, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), and liver enzymes.


METHODS
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were recorded from 2,164 apparently healthy participants (1,028 men, 1,136 women) reporting either no alcohol (abstainers) or <40 g ethanol consumption per day (moderate drinkers). The study population was further classified according to BMI as follows: <19 (underweight), > or =19 and <25 (normal weight), > or =25 and <30 (overweight), and > or =30 (obese).


RESULTS
Serum ALT (P < 0.05) and GGT (P < 0.001) but not AST (P = 0.805) activities in moderate drinkers were higher than those in abstainers. For all enzymes, a significant main effect was observed of increasing BMI, which was more striking in moderate drinkers than in abstainers. Tests of between-subjects effects indicated significant interactions with sex and drinking status, although not with sex and BMI.


CONCLUSIONS
The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on liver enzymes increases with increasing BMI. These findings should be considered in the clinical assessment of overweight alcohol consumers and in the definition of normal ranges for liver enzymes. These results may also help to develop new approaches for examining patients with fatty liver induced by either ethanol or adiposity.
Alatalo
Päivikki I
PI
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Seinäjoki, Finland.
Koivisto
Heidi M
HM
Hietala
Johanna P
JP
Puukka
Katri S
KS
Bloigu
Risto
R
Niemelä
Onni J
OJ
D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005235:Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
D000431:Ethanol; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase