Winding up of the wave-function phase by an insulator-to-superfluid transition in a ring of coupled Bose-Einstein condensates.
We study phase transition from the Mott insulator to superfluid in a periodic optical lattice. Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts buildup of winding number through random walk of BEC phases, with the step size scaling as a third root of transition rate. We confirm this and demonstrate that this scaling accounts for the net winding number after the transition.
Institute of Physics and Centre for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland and Theory Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Jacek
J
Dziarmaga
Jakub
J
Meisner
Wojciech H
WH
Zurek