Cardiovascular cell therapy and endogenous repair.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exceeds infection and cancer as the leading cause of death. In the USA alone, approximately a million individuals suffer an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) annually. As the prevalence of CVD risk factors (e.g. hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes) rises, CVD is increasing in younger individuals. Fortunately, existing therapies have improved post-AMI mortality, but in turn have increased the prevalence of post-AMI heart failure (HF). Approximately half-a-million new HF cases are diagnosed each year in the USA. In the next 25 years, up to 15% of the population over the age of 65 in the USA is projected to have HF. Therapeutic interventions that prevent/reverse atherosclerosis, prevent post-AMI HF and halt the progressive functional deterioration once HF occurs are all needed. Cell therapy - either via exogenous delivery or by endogenous mobilization of cells - may be able to do so, in part, by improving the body's capacity for repair. To date, primarily bone marrow- or blood-derived cells have been utilized after AMI to prevent left ventricular dysfunction, and skeletal myoblasts have been transplanted into failing myocardium. Preclinical studies are directed at prevention/reversal of atherosclerosis with bone marrow precursors, and ultimately at replacing failing heart with a cell-based bioartificial construct.
Taylor
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Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. dataylor@umn.edu
Zenovich
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D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology