Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: contrasting Norway and North America.
BACKGROUND
The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program has proven to be a significant resource in US neuroendocrine tumor (NET) epidemiology. Norway also holds a robust and detailed cancer registry: the Norwegian Registry of Cancer (NRC).


METHODS
SEER NET data were compared with corresponding NRC data in the time period 1993 to 2004 to determine whether there are differences in NET epidemiology between Norway and the United States.


RESULTS
The SEER and NRC reported 17,312 and 2030 NETs, respectively. The overall Caucasian SEER NET incidence was 4.44, compared with 3.24 in the NRC. In the SEER white subset, bronchopulmonary NETs were the most common (incidence = 1.42; 32% of all NETs), compared with small intestinal NETs in the NRC (0.81; 26%). A marked increase in SEER NET incidence (37%-40%) was observed in the period 2000 to 2004, compared with 1993 to 1997; an even more pronounced increase (72%) was seen in the NRC. African Americans exhibited a remarkably high overall NET incidence of 6.50; furthermore, among African Americans, rectal NETs were most common (1.65; 27%). Small intestinal NET incidence was approximately 30% higher in men compared with women in all populations. The highest 5-year survival rates were for rectal NETs (74%-88%) in both databases, whereas prostatic NETs had the worst outcome (0%-23%). At diagnosis, NETs were localized in 27% to 46% of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
NET incidence in the US Caucasian population and in Norway is similar, but considerably higher ( approximately 50%) among African Americans. NETs have been regarded as indolent tumors; however, the 5-year survival is only approximately 55%.
Hauso
Oyvind
O
Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Gustafsson
Bjorn I
BI
Kidd
Mark
M
Waldum
Helge L
HL
Drozdov
Ignat
I
Chan
Anthony K C
AK
Modlin
Irvin M
IM
D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D044465:White People