In vivo cytokine-associated responses to biomaterials.
Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were analyzed periodically over eight weeks from the wound exudate fluid surrounding biomaterials implanted subcutaneously within stainless steel mesh cages. TNF-alpha, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1beta, VEGF, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured from exudate samples collected from cages containing specimens of polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), or organotin polyvinyl chloride (ot-PVC). Empty cages served as negative controls, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) served as a positive control. Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor concentrations decreased from the time of implantation to eight weeks post-implantation, and there was an overall increase in cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor production for material-containing cages compared to empty cages. However, cytokine production was only modestly affected by the different surface chemistries of the three implanted polymeric materials.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Robert J
RJ
Schutte
Lola
L
Xie
Bruce
B
Klitzman
William M
WM
Reichert
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D020959:Polyethylene