Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice.
BACKGROUND
The leaves and the fruits from Syzygium jambolanum DC.(Myrtaceae), a plant known in Brazil as sweet olive or 'jambolão', have been used by native people to treat infectious diseases, diabetes, and stomachache. Since the bactericidal activity of S. jambolanum has been confirmed in vitro, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic treatment with S. jambolanum on the in vivo polymicrobial infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice.


METHODS
C57Bl/6 mice were treated by the subcutaneous route with a hydroalcoholic extract from fresh leaves of S. jambolanum (HCE). After 6 h, a bacterial infection was induced in the peritoneum using the lethal CLP model. The mice were killed 12 h after the CLP induction to evaluate the cellular influx and local and systemic inflammatory mediators' production. Some animals were maintained alive to evaluate the survival rate.


RESULTS
The prophylactic HCE treatment increased the mice survival, the neutrophil migration to infectious site, the spreading ability and the hydrogen peroxide release, but decreased the serum TNF and nitrite. Despite the increased migration and activation of peritoneal cells the HCE treatment did not decrease the number of CFU. The HCE treatment induced a significant decrease on the bone marrow cells number but did not alter the cell number of the spleen and lymph node.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the treatment with S. jambolanum has a potent prophylactic anti-septic effect that is not associated to a direct microbicidal effect but it is associated to a recruitment of activated neutrophils to the infectious site and to a diminished systemic inflammatory response.
Maciel
Márcia C G
MC
Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil. macielmcg@yahoo.com.
Farias
Jardel C
JC
Maluf
Michele J
MJ
Gomes
Eliane A
EA
Pereira
Paulo V S
PV
Aragão-Filho
Walmir C
WC
Frazão
Josias B
JB
Costa
Graciomar C
GC
Sousa
Sanara M
SM
Silva
Lucilene A
LA
Amaral
Flávia M M
FM
Russo
Momtchilo
M
Guerra
Rosane N M
RN
Nascimento
Flávia R F
FR
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D027842:Syzygium
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts