Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: new strains, new challenges.
Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, defined as TB with resistance to at least isoniazid, rifampin, a fluoroquinolone and either amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin, is a stark setback for global TB control. Overburdened public-health systems with inadequate resources for case detection and management and high HIV coinfection rates in many regions have contributed to the emergence of XDR-TB. Patients with XDR-TB have poor outcomes, prolonged infectious periods and limited treatment options. To prevent an epidemic of untreatable XDR-TB, improvements in XDR-TB surveillance, increased laboratory capacity for rapid detection of drug-resistant strains, better infection control and the development of new therapeutics are urgently needed.
Banerjee
Ritu
R
Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0136, USA. banerjeer@peds.ucsf.edu
Schecter
Gisela F
GF
Flood
Jennifer
J
Porco
Travis C
TC
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents