High concentration of kynurenic acid in bile and pancreatic juice.
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an agonist of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR35, which is predominantly expressed in gastrointestinal tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the content of KYNA in gastric juice, bile and pancreatic juice and intestinal content. KYNA was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography. The mean concentrations of KYNA in human gastric juice is 9.91 +/- 0.71 nM in contrast to human bile (832.5 +/- 204.1 and 306.8 +/- 35.2 nM) obtained from patients with cholecystolithiasis and obstructive jaundice, respectively. In pigs, the KYNA levels in bile and pancreatic juice are 1,113.3 +/- 63.34 and 757.0 +/- 394.4 nM, respectively. The KYNA concentration increases along the digestive system, reaching 1,638 nM in the colon content. We suggest that the liver and pancreas affect the content of kynurenic acid in the lumen of the digestive tract.
Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Medical University, Chodzki 6, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
Piotr
P
Paluszkiewicz
Wojciech
W
Zgrajka
Tomasz
T
Saran
Janusz
J
Schabowski
Jose L Valverde
JL
Piedra
Olexandr
O
Fedkiv
Sofia
S
Rengman
Stefan G
SG
Pierzynowski
Waldemar A
WA
Turski
D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010189:Pancreatic Juice / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa
D007736:Kynurenic Acid