MMP-1 polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disorder of unknown etiology and unclear pathogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is strongly upregulated and may contribute to the abnormal remodeling that characterizes the disease. We conducted a case-control study of 130 IPF patients and 305 healthy controls to investigate associations between two polymorphisms of the MMP-1 gene promoter and IPF risk. First, using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis we studied the 2G polymorphism at -1,607, shown previously to generate the core of an AP-1 binding site and correlate with high transcriptional activity and risk for IPF. The frequency of the 2G/2G genotype was higher in IPF than in controls (63 vs. 49%; P < 0.008; OR = 1.7; CI 1.15-2.79). Next, we studied a T/G SNP at position -755, which we identified by sequencing the MMP-1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay performed on IPF fibroblasts with either -755 genotype revealed an AP-1 binding site for TT(-755) and GT(-755) genotypes. The frequency of this SNP revealed no significant differences between IPF and healthy controls. However, when the study individuals were stratified by their smoking status, a significant increase in the T/T genotype frequency was observed in smoking cases compared with smoking controls (45 vs. 26%; P = 0.03; OR = 2.3; CI 1.15-4.97). These findings indicate that polymorphisms of the MMP-1 promoter may confer increased risk for IPF and reveal a putative gene-environment interaction between the -755 MMP-1 polymorphism and smoking in this disease.
Checa
Marco
M
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21-630, Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04000, Mexico.
Ruiz
Víctor
V
Montaño
Martha
M
Velázquez-Cruz
Rafael
R
Selman
Moisés
M
Pardo
Annie
A
D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D017931:DNA Primers; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1