Socioeconomic status, negative affect, and modifiable cancer risk factors in African-American smokers.
The purpose of the present study was to describe the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of cooccurring modifiable cancer risk factors among African-Americans seeking smoking cessation treatment and to evaluate previously hypothesized models of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health behavior. Overweight/obesity, at-risk alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity were measured in 399 African-American smokers. Analyses indicated that 92.8% of participants had at least one cancer risk factor in addition to smoking. Univariate ordinal logistic regression analyses revealed that female gender, unemployment, lower positive affect, and greater negative affect were associated with having a greater number of cancer risk factors. Multivariate analyses yielded similar findings. A structural equation modeling approach indicated that stress/negative affect may function as one pathway linking SES and modifiable cancer risk factors among African-American smokers and that gender has a direct effect on modifiable cancer risk factors. Thus, risk patterns identified within each gender group may guide the development of multiple risk factor interventions for African-American smokers. Stress and negative affect may be an important treatment target within behavioral interventions for African-American smokers of low SES.
Department of Health Disparities Research, Unit 1440, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA. dkendzor@mdanderson.org
Darla E
DE
Kendzor
Ludmila M
LM
Cofta-Woerpel
Carlos A
CA
Mazas
Yisheng
Y
Li
Jennifer Irvin
JI
Vidrine
Lorraine R
LR
Reitzel
Tracy J
TJ
Costello
Michael S
MS
Businelle
Jasjit S
JS
Ahluwalia
Paul M
PM
Cinciripini
David W
DW
Wetter
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D012923:Social Class