Mitral valve and tricuspid valve blood flow: accurate quantification with 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with retrospective valve tracking.
OBJECTIVE
To validate flow assessment performed with three-dimensional (3D) three-directional velocity-encoded (VE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with retrospective valve tracking and to compare this modality with conventional two-dimensional (2D) one-directional VE MR imaging in healthy subjects and patients with regurgitation.


METHODS
Patients and volunteers gave informed consent, and local medical ethics committee approval was obtained. Patient data were selected retrospectively and randomly from a database of MR studies obtained between July 2006 and July 2007. The 3D three-directional VE MR images were first validated in vitro and compared with 2D one-directional VE MR images. Mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) flow were assessed in 10 volunteers without valve insufficiency and 20 patients with valve insufficiency, with aortic systolic stroke volume (ASSV) as the reference standard.


RESULTS
Phantom validation showed less than 5% error for both techniques. In volunteers, 3D three-directional VE MR images showed no bias for MV or TV flow when compared with ASSV, whereas 2D one-directional VE MR images showed significant bias for MV flow (15% overestimation, P < .01). TV flow showed 25% overestimation; however, this was insignificant because of the high standard deviation. Correlation with ASSV was strong for 3D three-directional VE MR imaging (r = 0.96, P < .01 for MV flow; r = 0.88, P < .01 for TV flow) and between MV and TV flow (r = 0.91, P < .01); however, correlation was weaker for 2D one-directional VE MR imaging (r = 0.80, P < .01 for MV flow; r = 0.22, P = .55 for TV flow) and between MV flow and TV flow (r = 0.34, P = .34). In patients (mean regurgitation fractions of 13% and 10% for MV flow and TV flow, respectively), correlation between MV flow and TV flow for 3D three-directional VE MR imaging was strong (r = 0.97, P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Use of 3D three-directional VE MR imaging enables accurate MV and TV flow quantification, even in patients with valve regurgitation.
Westenberg
Jos J M
JJ
Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. j.j.m.westenberg@lumc.nl
Roes
Stijntje D
SD
Ajmone Marsan
Nina
N
Binnendijk
Nico M J
NM
Doornbos
Joost
J
Bax
Jeroen J
JJ
Reiber
Johan H C
JH
de Roos
Albert
A
van der Geest
Robert J
RJ
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000502:physiology*; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology