Ultraslow shock waves of electron density in LiNbO3 crystals.
We show, experimentally and theoretically, that the application of modest voltages, U0=(0.1-1) kV, to LiNbO3ratioFe crystals at sufficiently high temperatures, T approximately (550-700) degrees C, leads to the formation of ultraslow shock waves (moving discontinuities) of the electron density owing to the removal of electrons from Fe2+ centers. Behind the sharp wave front, almost all iron centers are in the Fe3+ state, the sample is optically transparent, and its transport properties are strongly modified. The front velocity decreases during the propagation; it is controlled by the electron mobility.
Gronenborn
S
S
Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
Sturman
B
B
Falk
M
M
Haertle
D
D
Buse
K
K