Genetic Analyses of an H3N8 Influenza Virus Isolate, Causative Strain of the Outbreak of Equine Influenza at the Kanazawa Racecourse in Japan in 2007.
In August 2007, an outbreak of equine influenza occurred among vaccinated racehorses with Japanese commercial equine influenza vaccine at Kanazawa Racecourse in Ishikawa prefecture in Japan. Apparent symptoms were pyrexia (38.2-41.0 degrees C) and nasal discharge with or without coughing, although approximately half of the infected horses were subclinical. All horses had been shot with a vaccine that contained two inactivated H3N8 influenza virus strains [A/equine/La Plata/93 (La Plata/93) of American lineage and A/equine/Avesta/93 (Avesta/93) of European lineage] and an H7N7 strain (A/equine/Newmarket/1/77). Influenza virus, A/equine/Kanazawa/1/2007 (H3N8) (Kanazawa/07), was isolated from one of the nasal swab samples of diseased horses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Kanazawa/07 was classified into the American sublineage Florida. In addition, four amino acid substitutions were found in the antigenic sites B and E in the HA1 subunit protein of Kanazawa/07 in comparison with that of La Plata/93. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test using 16 serum samples from recovering horses revealed that 1.4- to 8-fold difference in titers between Kanazawa/07 and either of the vaccine strains. The present findings suggest that Japanese commercial inactivated vaccine contributed to reducing the morbidity rate and manifestation of the clinical signs of horses infected with Kanazawa/07 that may be antigenically different from the vaccine strains.
Ito
Mika
M
Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Nagai
Makoto
M
Hayakawa
Yuji
Y
Komae
Hirofumi
H
Murakami
Naruto
N
Yotsuya
Syouichi
S
Asakura
Shingo
S
Sakoda
Yoshihiro
Y
Kida
Hiroshi
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D053126:Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / Q000235:genetics; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary
D017931:DNA Primers; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus