End-of-life practices in 282 intensive care units: data from the SAPS 3 database.
OBJECTIVE
To report incidence and characteristics of decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies (DFLSTs) in the 282 ICUs who contributed to the SAPS3 database.


METHODS
We reviewed data on DFLSTs in 14,488 patients. Independent predictors of DFLSTs have been identified by stepwise logistic regression.


RESULTS
DFLSTs occurred in 1,239 (8.6%) patients [677 (54.6%) withholding and 562 (45.4%) withdrawal decisions]. Hospital mortality was 21% (3,050/14,488); 36.2% (1,105) deaths occurred after DFLSTs. Across the participating ICUs, hospital mortality in patients with DFLSTs ranged from 80.3 to 95.4% and time from admission to decisions ranged from 2 to 4 days. Independent predictors of decisions to forgo LSTs included 13 variables associated with increased incidence of DFLSTs and 7 variables associated with decrease incidence of DFLST. Among hospital and ICU-related variables, a higher number of nurses per bed was associated with increased incidence of DFLST, while availability of an emergency department in the same hospital, presence of a full time ICU-specialist and doctors presence during nights and week-ends were associated with a decreased incidence of DFLST.


CONCLUSIONS
This large study identifies structural variables that are associated with substantial variations in the incidence and the characteristics of decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies.
Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis et Université Paris 7, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. elie.azoulay@sls.ap-hop-paris.fr
Elie
E
Azoulay
Barbara
B
Metnitz
Charles L
CL
Sprung
Jean-François
JF
Timsit
François
F
Lemaire
Peter
P
Bauer
Benoît
B
Schlemmer
Rui
R
Moreno
Philipp
P
Metnitz
D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D005060:Europe; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007391:International Cooperation; D009656:North America; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012985:Software Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data