Effect of simvastatin on steroid-induced osteonecrosis evidenced by the serum lipid level and hepatic cytochrome P4503A in a rabbit model.
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lipid-lowering agents in preventing steroid-induced osteonecrosis and the mechanism by which they do so in a rabbit model.


METHODS
Female Japanese white rabbits were randomly allocated to receive probucol (group P), pravastatin (group PS), simvastatin (group SS), or saline (group C) for 6 weeks (n = 15 in groups P, PS, and SS; n = 30 in group C). Methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg) was injected at 3 weeks after starting treatment, and the femurs were histologically examined bilaterally 3 weeks after methylprednisolone injection. Midazolam clearance was measured before treatment and before methylprednisolone injection to determine hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) levels.


RESULTS
The incidence of osteonecrosis in the proximal metaphysis of the femurs in groups PS and SS was significantly lower than in group C (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively), whereas it did not differ between groups P and C. It was significantly lower in group SS than in group PS (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of lipids (low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and total cholesterol) in groups P, PS, and SS were significantly lower than in group C; and hepatic CYP3A levels were significantly higher in group SS than in groups P or PS after treatment (P < 0.005 for both).


CONCLUSIONS
Simvastatin and pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. Simvastatin was more effective in reducing the incidence of the disease, and increased CYP3A activity is a possible mechanism for this effect.
Iwakiri
Kentaro
K
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
Oda
Yutaka
Y
Kaneshiro
Yasunori
Y
Iwaki
Hiroyoshi
H
Masada
Toshiaki
T
Kobayashi
Akio
A
Asada
Akira
A
Takaoka
Kunio
K
D000818:Animals; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D019821:Simvastatin; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D017035:Pravastatin; D011341:Probucol; D008775:Methylprednisolone