Breast cancer survival among economically disadvantaged women: the influences of delayed diagnosis and treatment on mortality.
Breast cancer affects thousands each year in the United States, and disproportionately affects certain subgroups. For example, the incidence of breast cancer in South Carolina is lower in African American compared with European American women by approximately 12% to 15%, but their mortality rate is twice as high as in European American women. The purpose of the study was to assess factors associated with breast cancer mortality between African American and European American women. Participants (n=314) in South Carolina's Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (SCBCCEDP), which provides breast cancer screening and treatment services, during the years 1996-2004 were included in the study. Data, including tumor characteristics, delay intervals, and race, were examined using the chi(2) test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Cox regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between delay intervals and other factors. No racial differences were found in age at diagnosis, tumor characteristics, or delay intervals. Time delay intervals did not explain differences and mortality rates by race. Survival, however, was affected by prognostic factors as well as by a significant interaction between hormone-receptor status and race. Despite the excellent record of the SCBCCEDP in screening and diagnostic or treatment referrals, the racial disparities in breast cancer mortality continue to exist in South Carolina. These findings highlight the need for future research into the etiology of racial differences, and their impact on breast cancer survival.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA. esmith@swmail.sw.org
Emily Rose
ER
Smith
Swann Arp
SA
Adams
Irene Prabhu
IP
Das
Matteo
M
Bottai
Jeanette
J
Fulton
James R
JR
Hebert
D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*