What is the angiography error when defining myocardial ischemia during percutaneous coronary interventions?
BACKGROUND
The angiography has been used as a reference standard to define coronary artery disease (CAD), although its limitations are well-known. The significance of the myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the assessment of CAD is well established.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of angiography when defining ischemic lesions and its correlation with FFR.


METHODS
Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) were included in this study. All stenoses >or= 50% at the angiography visual estimate (AVE) were assessed by FFR measurements. When FFR was < 0.75, stenting was performed; when FFR was >or= 0.75, no interventional treatment was carried out. Offline quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in all stenoses, which were divided in intermediate (< 70% - 327) and severe (125). The correlation coefficients between the diameter of the stenosis (%DS) and FFR and the accuracy of VA of the angiography when assessing ischemia were determined.


RESULTS
FFR could be obtained in 452 lesions (96%). Mean %DS and FFR were 56 +/- 8% and 0.74 and 76 +/- 6% and 0.48 for moderate and severe stenoses, respectively. Concordance between QCA and FFR was poor, especially in intermediate stenoses (Spearman's rho = - 0.33, p<0.0001). Visual assessment resulted in an accuracy of 57% and 96% in intermediate and severe lesions, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Neither the visual assessment of an angiogram nor QCA can accurately predict the significance of most intermediate coronary stenoses, which emphasizes the importance of associating it to a functional evaluation of the coronary circulation, resulting in an adequate treatment of these stenoses.
Sant'Anna
Fernando Mendes
FM
Santa Helena Hospital do Coração, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brasil. fernandomendes@cardiol.br
da Silva
Expedito Ribeiro
ER
Batista
Leonardo Alves
LA
Brito
Marcelo Bastos
MB
Ventura
Fábio Machado
FM
Ferraz
Haroldo Adans
HA
Buczynski
Leonardo
L
Barrozo
Carlos Alberto Mussel
CA
Pijls
Nico
N
D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000592:standards*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index