Clonal plasticity of aquatic plant species submitted to mechanical stress: escape versus resistance strategy.
OBJECTIVE
The plastic alterations of clonal architecture are likely to have functional consequences, as they affect the spatial distribution of ramets over patchy environments. However, little is known about the effect of mechanical stresses on the clonal growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clonal plasticity induced by mechanical stress consisting of continuous water current encountered by aquatic plants. More particularly, the aim was to test the capacity of the plants to escape this stress through clonal plastic responses.


METHODS
The transplantation of ramets of the same clone in two contrasting flow velocity conditions was carried out for two species (Potamogeton coloratus and Mentha aquatica) which have contrasting clonal growth forms. Relative allocation to clonal growth, to creeping stems in the clonal biomass, number and total length of creeping stems, spacer length and main creeping stem direction were measured.


RESULTS
For P. coloratus, plants exposed to water current displayed increased total length of creeping stems, increased relative allocation to creeping stems within the clonal dry mass and increased spacer length. For M. aquatica, plants exposed to current displayed increased number and total length of creeping stems. Exposure to current induced for both species a significant increase of the proportion of creeping stems in the downstream direction to the detriment of creeping stems perpendicular to flow.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that mechanical stress from current flow induced plastic variation in clonal traits for both species. The responses of P. coloratus could lead to an escape strategy, with low benefits with respect to sheltering and anchorage. The responses of M. aquatica that may result in a denser canopy and enhancement of anchorage efficiency could lead to a resistance strategy.
Puijalon
Sara
S
UMR CNRS 5023, 'Ecology of Fluvial Hydrosystems', Université Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. puijalon@gmail.com
Bouma
Tjeerd J
TJ
van Groenendael
Jan
J
Bornette
Gudrun
G
D002999:Clone Cells; D027541:Mentha / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development; D031821:Potamogetonaceae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012212:Rheology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical