Primary target cells of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the hippocampus.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes fatal and sporadic encephalitis in human. The encephalitis-survivors frequently suffer from symptoms of memory deficits. It remains unclear how HSV-1 induces tissue damages in memory formation-associated brain tissues such as the hippocampus. In this study, we examined HSV-1 infection in the hippocampus using a rat HSV-1 infection model. We found profound pathological changes in the hippocampus and large numbers of HSV-1 antigen-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) subfield of HSV-1-infected rats. To understand the precise mechanism of HSV-1-induced tissue damages in the hippocampus, we employed rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHC) as an in vitro HSV-1 infection model. In OHC, HSV-1 infection predominated in neuronal cells and the infected neuronal cells were severely damaged. Longitudinal analysis indicated that granule cells in DG subfield were extremely vulnerable to HSV-1 infection among neuronal cells in the hippocampus. Since DG granule cells play a crucial role in memory formation, disruption of these cells may be a primary step leading to memory deficits.
Ando
Yoshinori
Y
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Kitayama
Hiroko
H
Kawaguchi
Yasushi
Y
Koyanagi
Yoshio
Y
D000818:Animals; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000821:virology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000821:virology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats