Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: PART II - A comparison of lingering Exxon Valdez oil with other potential sources of CYP1A inducers in Prince William Sound, Alaska.
We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts prior to clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally.
Short
Jeffrey W
JW
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA. Jeff.Short@noaa.gov
Springman
Kathrine R
KR
Lindeberg
Mandy R
MR
Holland
Larry G
LG
Larsen
Marie L
ML
Sloan
Catherine A
CA
Khan
Colin
C
Hodson
Peter V
PV
Rice
Stanley D
SD
D000413:Alaska; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1