In vitro evaluation of various bioabsorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration.
BACKGROUND
Different types of bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with its ultimate goal of regenerating lost periodontal structures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biological effects of various bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes in cultures of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) and human osteoblast-like (HOB) cells in vitro.


METHODS
Three commercially available collagen membranes [TutoDent (TD), Resodont (RD) and BioGide (BG)] as well as three nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes [ACE (AC), Cytoplast (CT) and TefGen-FD (TG)] were tested. Cells plated on culture dishes (CD) served as positive controls. The effect of the barrier membranes on HGF, PDLF as well as HOB cells was assessed by the Alamar Blue fluorometric proliferation assay after 1, 2.5, 4, 24 and 48 h time periods. The structural and morphological properties of the membranes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


RESULTS
The results showed that of the six barriers tested, TD and RD demonstrated the highest rate of HGF proliferation at both earlier (1 h) and later (48 h) time periods (P < 0.001) compared to all other tested barriers and CD. Similarly, TD, RD and BG had significantly higher numbers of cells at all time periods when compared with the positive control in PDLF culture (P < or = 0.001). In HOB cell culture, the highest rate of cell proliferation was also calculated for TD at all time periods (P < 0.001). SEM observations demonstrated a microporous structure of all collagen membranes, with a compact top surface and a porous bottom surface, whereas the nonresorbable PTFE membranes demonstrated a homogenous structure with a symmetric dense skin layer.


CONCLUSIONS
Results from the present study suggested that GTR membrane materials, per se, may influence cell proliferation in the process of periodontal tissue/bone regeneration. Among the six membranes examined, the bioabsorbable membranes demonstrated to be more suitable to stimulate cellular proliferation compared to nonresorbable PTFE membranes.
Kasaj
Adrian
A
Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Kasaj@gmx.de
Reichert
Christoph
C
Götz
Hermann
H
Röhrig
Bernd
B
Smeets
Ralf
R
Willershausen
Brita
B
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001711:Biotransformation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
C106416:Bio-Gide; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D003094:Collagen