NMR characterization of hydration and thermal stress in tomato fruit cuticles.
In its natural environment, the plant cuticle, which is composed of the biopolymer cutin and a mixture of surface and embedded cuticular waxes, experiences a wide variety of temperatures and hydration states. Consequently, a complete understanding of cuticular function requires study of its thermal and mechanical properties as a function of hydration. Herein, we report the results of a comprehensive 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation study of hydrated tomato fruit cuticle. Cross-polarization and direct-polarization experiments serve to measure the solid-like and liquid-like components, respectively, of hydrated cuticle. Localized, high-frequency motions are probed by T1(C) spin relaxation measurements, whereas T1rho(H) and T1rho(C) experiments reflect low-frequency, lower amplitude polymer-chain motions. In addition, variable-temperature measurements of T1(C) and T1rho(C) for dry tomato cuticles are used to evaluate the impact of temperature stress. Results of these experiments are interpreted in terms of changes occurring in individual polymer motions of the cutin/wax components of tomato cuticle and in the interaction of these components within intact cuticle, both of which are expected to influence the functional integrity of this protective plant covering.
Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA. stark@sci.ccny.cuny.edu
Ruth E
RE
Stark
Bin
B
Yan
Suzanne M
SM
Stanley-Fernandez
Zhen-Jia
ZJ
Chen
Joel R
JR
Garbow
D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon