Fibromyalgia syndrome: the pharmacological treatment options.
Pharmacological treatment has been gradually enriched by a variety of compounds; however, no single drug is capable of fully managing the constellation of fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms. Currently, it is not possible to draw definite conclusions concerning the best pharmacological approach to managing FM because results of randomized clinical trials present methodological limitations and therapeutic programs are too heterogeneous for adequate comparison. However, a variety of pharmacological treatments including antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), opioids, sedatives, muscle relaxants and antiepileptics have been used to treat FM with varying results. In this review, we will evaluate those pharmacological therapies that have produced the most significant clinical results in treating FM patients. The nature of FM suggests that an individualized, multimodal approach that includes both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies seems to be the most appropriate treatment strategy to date.
Rheumatology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy. sarzi@tiscali.it.
P
P
Sarzi-Puttini
R
R
Torta
F
F
Marinangeli
G
G
Biasi
M
M
Spath
D
D
Buskila
R H
RH
Gracely
M A
MA
Giamberardino
L
L
Bazzichi
M
M
Cazzola
M
M
Di Franco
S
S
Stisi
F
F
Salaffi
R
R
Casale
G
G
Leardini
R
R
Gorla
A
A
Marsico
R
R
Carignola
L
L
Altomonte
F
F
Ceccherelli
G
G
Cassisi
G
G
Arioli
A
A
Alciati
F
F
Atzeni
D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
D000700:Analgesics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents