Pneumonia after implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program in the province of Quebec, Canada.
BACKGROUND
In Canada, a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was licensed in 2001, and in the province of Quebec, a publicly-funded program was implemented for high-risk children in 2002, using a 4-dose schedule, and for all children in 2004, using a 3-dose schedule.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the epidemiology of hospitalized pneumonia in the population aged <5 years.


METHODS
Hospital discharge records with a main diagnosis of pneumonia, pleurisy, or empyema were analyzed regarding monthly frequencies by diagnostic categories, duration of stay, proportion of cases admitted to the intensive care unit, and case fatality.


RESULTS
Lobar pneumonia represented 32% of 25,319 all-cause pneumonia admissions during the period April 1997 to March 2006. Beginning in the spring of 2004, there was a marked decrease in the frequency of lobar pneumonia, whereas unspecified pneumonia tended to increase to a lesser extent. Compared with the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine period, admissions for all-causes pneumonia decreased by 13% after program implementation and there was no increase in empyema cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Results are reassuring as to the effectiveness of the pneumococcal vaccination program in Quebec.
De Wals
Philippe
P
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. Philippe.De.Wals@ssss.gouv.qc.ca
Robin
Elodie
E
Fortin
Elise
E
Thibeault
Roseline
R
Ouakki
Manale
M
Douville-Fradet
Monique
M
D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons
D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines