Risk assessment of endocrine-active compounds in feeds.
As a key element of the 'farm-to-fork' approach, an assessment of the safety of feed components should consider major long-term toxicological hazards, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review, attention is given to endocrine-modulating trace elements (such as iodine and trivalent chromium) and their potentially sensitive subgroups as nutritional feed additives from the standpoint of farm animal safety and consumer exposure. Feedstuffs can be a major vehicle for persistent EDCs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, and potential risks include fish farming and ruminants grazing in polluted areas. Limited data still exist on the feed-to-food transfer of other EDCs, such as brominated flame retardants. EDCs of vegetable origin (e.g. zearalenone and isothiocyanates) can have a greater adverse impact on farm animals than environmental xenobiotics but the risk of carry-over to consumers appears low. Topics for further research are suggested, including the need for more refined exposure data, characterization of biomarkers for long-term effects, xenobiotic-nutrient interactions and the search for novel feed ingredients that are less vulnerable to contamination.
Mantovani
Alberto
A
Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit and WHO/FAO Collaborating Centre for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. alberto.mantovani@iss.it
Frazzoli
Chiara
C
La Rocca
Cinzia
C
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005503:Food Additives; D014131:Trace Elements; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls