Vitamin D's role in cell proliferation and differentiation.
Vitamin D has pleiotropic effects that go beyond its traditional role in calcium homeostasis. Hundreds of genes with vitamin D receptor response elements directly or indirectly influence cell cycling and proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D compounds also have effects on cell function that are nongenomic. The noncalcemic actions of vitamin D influence normal and pathological cell growth, carcinogenesis, immune function, and cardiovascular physiology. This review examines many of the various mechanisms by which vitamin D alters cellular growth and differentiation and explores cell-specific factors that influence responsiveness to vitamin D.
Samuel
Sam
S
The Western New York Veterans Administration Medical Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, USA.
Sitrin
Michael D
MD
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology*
D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium