Will the history and physical examination help establish that irritable bowel syndrome is causing this patient's lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms?
BACKGROUND
Many individuals experience lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms, most commonly attributable to functional conditions. These individuals are frequently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on their symptoms; however, some may require additional testing or referral to specialists before this diagnosis is made.


OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature of the accuracy of individual symptoms and combinations of findings in diagnosing IBS.


METHODS
Search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (up to June 2008) for prospective studies reporting on unselected cohorts of adult patients with lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms recorded before investigation.


METHODS
Studies prospectively evaluating accuracy of individual symptoms or combinations of findings compared with results from investigations of the lower gastrointestinal tract.


METHODS
Two authors independently assessed studies and extracted data to estimate likelihood ratios (LRs) of individual symptoms and combinations of findings in diagnosing IBS.


RESULTS
Ten studies evaluating 2355 patients were identified, with a summary prevalence of IBS following investigation of 57%. Individual symptom items yielded positive LRs from 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.6) for passage of mucus per rectum to 2.1 (95% CI, 1.4-3.0) for looser stools at onset of abdominal pain and negative LRs from 0.29 (95% CI, 0.12-0.72) for no lower abdominal pain to 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72-1.1) for no passage of mucus per rectum in diagnosing IBS. The Manning criteria had a summary positive LR of 2.9 (95% CI, 1.3-6.4) and a summary negative LR of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.12-0.71). The Rome I criteria had a positive LR of 4.8 (95% CI, 3.6-6.5) and a negative LR of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.29-0.41). The Kruis scoring system provided a summary positive LR of 8.6 (95% CI, 2.9-26.0) and a summary negative LR of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.17-0.41). The Rome II and III criteria have not been studied.


CONCLUSIONS
Individual symptoms have limited accuracy for diagnosing IBS in patients referred with lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The accuracy of the Manning criteria and Kruis scoring system were only modest. Despite strong advocacy for use of the Rome criteria, only the Rome I classification has been validated. Future research should concentrate on validating existing diagnostic criteria or developing more accurate ways of predicting a diagnosis of IBS without the need for investigation of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. alexf12399@yahoo.com
Alexander C
AC
Ford
Nicholas J
NJ
Talley
Sander J O
SJ
Veldhuyzen van Zanten
Nimish B
NB
Vakil
David L
DL
Simel
Paul
P
Moayyedi
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination