Prenatal mild ventriculomegaly predicts abnormal development of the neonatal brain.
BACKGROUND
Many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with mild enlargement of the lateral ventricles thought to have origins in prenatal brain development. Little is known about development of the lateral ventricles and the relationship of prenatal lateral ventricle enlargement with postnatal brain development.


METHODS
We performed neonatal magnetic resonance imaging on 34 children with isolated mild ventriculomegaly (MVM; width of the atrium of the lateral ventricle >/= 1.0 cm) on prenatal ultrasound and 34 age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal prenatal ventricle size. Lateral ventricle and cortical gray and white matter volumes were assessed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in corpus callosum and corticospinal white matter tracts were determined obtained using quantitative tractography.


RESULTS
Neonates with prenatal MVM had significantly larger lateral ventricle volumes than matched control subjects (286.4%; p < .0001). Neonates with MVM also had significantly larger intracranial volumes (ICV; 7.1%, p = .0063) and cortical gray matter volumes (10.9%, p = .0004) compared with control subjects. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography revealed a significantly greater MD in the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts, whereas FA was significantly smaller in several white matter tract regions.


CONCLUSIONS
Prenatal enlargement of the lateral ventricle is associated with enlargement of the lateral ventricles after birth, as well as greater gray matter volumes and delayed or abnormal maturation of white matter. It is suggested that prenatal ventricle volume is an early structural marker of altered development of the cerebral cortex and may be a marker of risk for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with ventricle enlargement.
Gilmore
John H
JH
Schizophrenia Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA. jgilmore@med.unc.edu
Smith
Lauren C
LC
Wolfe
Honor M
HM
Hertzberg
Barbara S
BS
Smith
J Keith
JK
Chescheir
Nancy C
NC
Evans
Dianne D
DD
Kang
Chaeryon
C
Hamer
Robert M
RM
Lin
Weili
W
Gerig
Guido
G
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods