Noncytotoxic lytic granule-mediated CD8+ T cell inhibition of HSV-1 reactivation from neuronal latency.
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) from neuronal latency is a common and potentially devastating cause of disease worldwide. CD8+ T cells can completely inhibit HSV reactivation in mice, with interferon-gamma affording a portion of this protection. We found that CD8+ T cell lytic granules are also required for the maintenance of neuronal latency both in vivo and in ex vivo ganglia cultures and that their directed release to the junction with neurons in latently infected ganglia did not induce neuronal apoptosis. Here, we describe a nonlethal mechanism of viral inactivation in which the lytic granule component, granzyme B, degrades the HSV-1 immediate early protein, ICP4, which is essential for further viral gene expression.
Knickelbein
Jared E
JE
Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Khanna
Kamal M
KM
Yee
Michael B
MB
Baty
Catherine J
CJ
Kinchington
Paul R
PR
Hendricks
Robert L
RL
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D053804:Granzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency
D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; D053804:Granzymes