Classifying EEG signals preceding right hand, left hand, tongue, and right foot movements and motor imageries.
OBJECTIVE
To use the neural signals preceding movement and motor imagery to predict which of the four movements/motor imageries is about to occur, and to access this utility for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.


METHODS
Eight naïve subjects performed or kinesthetically imagined four movements while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 29 channels over sensorimotor areas. The task was instructed with a specific stimulus (S1) and performed at a second stimulus (S2). A classifier was trained and tested offline at differentiating the EEG signals from movement/imagery preparation (the 1.5-s preceding movement/imagery execution).


RESULTS
Accuracy of movement/imagery preparation classification varied between subjects. The system preferentially selected event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) signals for classification, and high accuracies were associated with classifications that relied heavily on the ERD/ERS to discriminate movement/imagery planning.


CONCLUSIONS
The ERD/ERS preceding movement and motor imagery can be used to predict which of the four movements/imageries is about to occur. Prediction accuracy depends on this signal's accessibility.


CONCLUSIONS
The ERD/ERS is the most specific pre-movement/imagery signal to the movement/imagery about to be performed.
Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurological Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Valerie
V
Morash
Ou
O
Bai
Stephen
S
Furlani
Peter
P
Lin
Mark
M
Hallett
D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation*; D055815:Young Adult