Myosin phosphorylation triggers actin polymerization in vascular smooth muscle.
A variety of contractile stimuli increases actin polymerization, which is essential for smooth muscle contraction. However, the mechanism(s) of actin polymerization associated with smooth muscle contraction is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylated myosin triggers actin polymerization. The present study was conducted in isolated intact or beta-escin-permeabilized rat small mesenteric arteries. Reductions in the 20-kDa myosin regulatory light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation were achieved by inhibiting MLC kinase with ML-7. Increases in MLC20 phosphorylation were achieved by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphatase with microcystin. Isometric force, the degree of actin polymerization as indicated by the F-actin-to-G-actin ratio, and MLC20 phosphorylation were determined. Reductions in MLC20 phosphorylation were associated with a decreased force development and actin polymerization. Increased MLC20 phosphorylation was associated with an increased force generation and actin polymerization. We also found that a heptapeptide that mimics the actin-binding motif of myosin II enhanced microcystin-induced force generation and actin polymerization without affecting MLC20 phosphorylation in beta-escin-permeabilized vessels. Collectively, our data demonstrate that MLC20 phosphorylation is capable of triggering actin polymerization. We further suggest that the binding of myosin to actin triggers actin polymerization and enhances the force development in arterial smooth muscle.
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Xuesong
X
Chen
Kristin
K
Pavlish
Joseph N
JN
Benoit
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D052998:Microcystins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000378:metabolism*; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
D000199:Actins; D001381:Azepines; D052998:Microcystins; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D009281:Naphthalenes; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C070571:ML 7; D010656:Phenylephrine; C078588:microcystin; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase