Vitamin D requirement and setting recommendation levels: long-term perspectives.
Target intakes of vitamin D to prevent rickets and osteomalacia are difficult to estimate because of the dual sources of vitamin D with dermal production and absorption from the intestine. However, vitamin D deficiency is associated with other diseases, e.g., myopathy, falls, fractures, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies, which underlines the necessity of redefining recommendations. A plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) <50 nmol/L increases the risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism, whereas levels between 75 and 100 nmol/L appear optimal for maintaining general health. In adults, a minimum dietary intake of 17.5-25 microg/day is necessary to achieve these levels. Perspectives of future research are outlined here.
The Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. leif.mosekilde@as.aaa.dk
Leif
L
Mosekilde
D001682:Biological Availability; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D