Angiogenesis associated with visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in severe human obesity.
OBJECTIVE
The expansion of adipose tissue is linked to the development of its vasculature. However, the regulation of adipose tissue angiogenesis in humans has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to compare the angiogenesis associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from the same obese patients in an in vivo model.


METHODS
Adipose tissue samples from visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) sites, obtained from 36 obese patients (mean BMI 46.5 kg/m(2)) during bariatric surgery, were layered on chick chorioallantoïc membrane (CAM).


RESULTS
Both SAT and VAT expressed angiogenic factors without significant difference for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Adipose tissue layered on CAM stimulated angiogenesis. Angiogenic stimulation was macroscopically detectable, with engulfment of the samples, in 39% and was evidenced by angiography in 59% of the samples. A connection between CAM and adipose tissue vessels was evidenced by immunohistochemistry, with recruitment of both avian and human endothelial cells. The angiogenic potency of adipose tissue was not related to its localization (with an angiogenic stimulation in 60% of SAT samples and 61% of VAT samples) or to adipocyte size or inflammatory infiltrate assessed in adipose samples before the graft on CAM. Stimulation of angiogenesis by adipose tissue was nearly abolished by bevacizumab, which specifically targets human VEGF.


CONCLUSIONS
We have established a model to study the regulation of angiogenesis by human adipose tissue. This model highlighted the role of VEGF in angiogenesis in both SAT and VAT.
Ledoux
Séverine
S
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U833, Chaire de Médecine Expérimentale, Collège de France, Paris, France. severine.ledoux@lmr.aphp.fr
Queguiner
Isabelle
I
Msika
Simon
S
Calderari
Sophie
S
Rufat
Pierre
P
Gasc
Jean-Marie
JM
Corvol
Pierre
P
Larger
Etienne
E
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002642:Chick Embryo; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology; D014781:Viscera / Q000098:blood supply
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor