Dose-response effect of ferulic acid against nicotine-induced tissue damage and altered lipid levels in experimental rats: a pathohistological evaluation.
In the present study, ferulic acid (FA), a naturally occurring nutritional compound, was investigated for its protective effect against nicotine-induced toxicity in a dose dependent manner. The toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 22 weeks in female albino Wister rats. Simultaneously, rats were treated with FA at three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w.) via intragastric intubations for 22 weeks. At the end of the experiment, circulatory marker enzymes (i.e. lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) and tissue (lung, liver and kidney) lipid levels (i.e. cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids) were analysed, which were significantly increased in the nicotine-treated group, whereas FA treatment positively modulated these levels. FA at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. was found to be more effective when compared with the other two doses. The lung, liver and kidney excised from the different groups were fixed and stained to perform histological assessments. The protective effect of FA on histological observations confirms that 20 mg/kg b.w. of FA modulates the deleterious effects of nicotine. The results suggest that FA exerts its inhibitory action against nicotine-induced tissue damage through its antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ram Sudheer
RS
Adluri
Devipriya
D
Nagarajan
Vishwanathan
V
Periyaswamy
Padmanabhan Menon
PM
Venugopal
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D009538:Nicotine; C004999:ferulic acid