In vivo cytokine-associated responses to biomaterials.
Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were analyzed periodically over eight weeks from the wound exudate fluid surrounding biomaterials implanted subcutaneously within stainless steel mesh cages. TNF-alpha, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1beta, VEGF, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured from exudate samples collected from cages containing specimens of polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), or organotin polyvinyl chloride (ot-PVC). Empty cages served as negative controls, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) served as a positive control. Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor concentrations decreased from the time of implantation to eight weeks post-implantation, and there was an overall increase in cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor production for material-containing cages compared to empty cages. However, cytokine production was only modestly affected by the different surface chemistries of the three implanted polymeric materials.
Schutte
Robert J
RJ
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Xie
Lola
L
Klitzman
Bruce
B
Reichert
William M
WM
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D020959:Polyethylene