High molecular weight FGF2: the biology of a nuclear growth factor.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is one of the most studied growth factors to date. Most attention has been dedicated to the smallest, 18 kDa FGF2 variant that is released by cells and acts through activation of cell-surface FGF-receptor tyrosine kinases. There are, however, several higher molecular weight (HMW) variants of FGF2 that rarely leave their producing cells, are retained in the nucleus and act independently of FGF-receptors (FGFR). Despite significant evidence documenting the expression and intracellular trafficking of HMW FGF2, many important questions remain about the physiological roles and mechanisms of action of HMW FGF2. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology of HMW FGF2, its role in disease and areas for future investigation.
Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chlebova
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Bryja
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Dvorak
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Kozubik
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Wilcox
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Krejci
D000818:Animals; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010641:Phenotype; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017413:Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D017413:Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; C031249:ribosomal protein L6; C088049:splicing factor 3a; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2