Congenital hypothyroidism is associated with intermediate filament misregulation, glutamate transporters down-regulation and MAPK activation in developing rat brain.
Developmental thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency leads to mental retardation and neurological deficits in humans. In this study, congenital hypothyroidism was induced in rats by adding 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil in the drinking water during gestation and suckling period. This treatment induced hyperphosphorylation of neurofilaments, the neuronal intermediate filament (IF) proteins, of heavy, medium and low molecular weight (NF-H, NF-M and NF-L, respectively) without altering the phosphorylation level of astrocyte IF proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in cerebral cortex of rats. NF-H was hyperphosphorylated on KSP repeats in the carboxy-terminal tail domain. Furthermore, the immunocontent of GFAP and NF subunits was down-regulated, while vimentin was unaltered both in tissue homogenate and in cytoskeletal fraction of hypothyroid animals. Moreover, we verified the immunocontent of astrocyte glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in hypothyroid rats. Results showed that hypothyroidism is associated with decreased GLAST and GLT-1 immunocontent. Additionally, we demonstrated increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation without altering Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38(MAPK) phosphorylation. However, total JNK levels were down-regulated. Taken together, these results suggest that the thyroid status could modulate the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton acting on the endogenous NF-associated phosphorylating system and that such effect could be related to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, as well as ERK1/2 and JNK modulation. These events could be somehow related to the neurological dysfunction described in hypothyroidism.
Zamoner
Ariane
A
Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Heimfarth
Luana
L
Pessoa-Pureur
Regina
R
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011441:Propylthiouracil; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D010710:Phosphates; D011441:Propylthiouracil; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases