The association of interleukin-4 haplotypes with chronic periodontitis in a Czech population.
BACKGROUND
Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence the susceptibility and disease course of many chronic disorders. Recently, interleukin (IL)-4 gene polymorphisms were associated with aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study was to test differences in the distribution of the IL-4 alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes between patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls in a Czech population.


METHODS
The association study was conducted using an age- and smoking status-matched case-control design in patients with CP (n = 194) and healthy controls (n = 158) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods for the -590C/T, -33C/T, and intron 3 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variants of the IL-4 gene.


RESULTS
No significant differences between patients and controls were found in allele and genotype frequencies of all three polymorphisms. Nevertheless, complex analysis revealed significant differences in haplotype frequencies between the groups (P = 0.005). The haplotype T(-590)/T(-33)/allele 2 VNTR (70 base pairs)(2) of the IL-4 gene was significantly more frequent in patients with CP than in controls (17.0% versus 11.0%; odds ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 2.87).


CONCLUSIONS
The three polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene act in a cooperative fashion and suggest that the high-production IL-4 haplotype was associated with an increased risk for CP in the Czech population.
Holla
Lydie Izakovicova
LI
Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. holla@med.muni.cz
Fassmann
Antonin
A
Augustin
Peter
P
Halabala
Tomas
T
Znojil
Vladimir
V
Vanek
Jiri
J
D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003596:Cytosine; D018153:Czech Republic; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D013941:Thymine
D015847:Interleukin-4; D003596:Cytosine; D013941:Thymine