Biomonitoring of urinary metals in a population living in the vicinity of industrial sources: a comparison with the general population of Andalusia, Spain.
The Ria of Huelva (south-west Spain) is one of the most polluted fluvial-estuarine systems in the world. Industrial activity delivers huge amounts of pollutants to the local environment, particularly heavy metals and arsenic. Here we aimed to determine urinary levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in a representative sample (n=857) of adults living in the Ria of Huelva. Levels were compared to those from a representative sample of 861 adults of the general urban population of Andalusia (southern Spain) and multiple regression models were developed to identify individual factors associated with urinary levels of these elements. Arsenic levels were significantly higher in the Ria of Huelva as compared to other Andalusian cities, whereas Cd and Ni levels were significantly lower. Despite these differences, levels in both groups were similar to the reference values reported in previous studies for general population. Age, gender, diet and lifestyle were the major factors contributing to the interindividual variation in urinary metals. In conclusion, despite living in a highly polluted area, the population of the Ria of Huelva failed to show higher urinary levels of the studied metals as compared to a reference urban population of the same region.
Andalusian Observatory on Environment and Health (OSMAN), Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18080 Granada, Spain. iaguilera@creal.cat
Inmaculada
I
Aguilera
Antonio
A
Daponte
Fernando
F
Gil
Antonio F
AF
Hernández
Patricia
P
Godoy
Antonio
A
Pla
Juan Luis
JL
Ramos
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy