Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse.
Dietary very long chain omega (omega)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been associated with reduced CVD risk, the mechanisms of which have yet to be fully elucidated. LDL receptor null mice (LDLr-/-) were used to assess the effect of different ratios of dietary omega-6 PUFA to eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (omega-6:EPA+DHA) on atherogenesis and inflammatory response. Mice were fed high saturated fat diets without EPA and DHA (HSF omega-6), or with omega-6:EPA+DHA at ratios of 20:1 (HSF R=20:1), 4:1 (HSF R=4:1), and 1:1 (HSF R=1:1) for 32 weeks. Mice fed the lowest omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diet had lower circulating concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol (25%, P<0.05) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (44%, P<0.05) compared to mice fed the HSF omega-6 diet. Aortic and elicited peritoneal macrophage (Mphi) total cholesterol were 24% (P=0.07) and 25% (P<0.05) lower, respectively, in HSF R=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. MCP-1 mRNA levels and secretion were 37% (P<0.05) and 38% (P<0.05) lower, respectively, in elicited peritoneal Mphi isolated from HSF R=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. mRNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette A1, and mRNA levels of TNFalpha were significantly lower in elicited peritoneal Mphi isolated from HSF R=1:1 fed mice, whereas there was no significant effect of diets with different omega-6:EPA+DHA ratios on CD36, Mphi scavenger receptor 1, scavenger receptor B1 and IL-6 mRNA or protein levels. These data suggest that lower omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diets lowered some measures of inflammation and Mphi cholesterol accumulation, which was associated with less aortic lesion formation in LDLr-/- mice.
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Shu
S
Wang
Dayong
D
Wu
Nirupa R
NR
Matthan
Stefania
S
Lamon-Fava
Jaime L
JL
Lecker
Alice H
AH
Lichtenstein
D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001835:Body Weight; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018955:CD36 Antigens; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004041:Dietary Fats; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008074:Lipoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002784:Cholesterol; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid