Evolving trends in the successful management of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of interstitial cystitis (IC), including the presentation of patients with the disorder, and to explore diagnostic and treatment options.


METHODS
Current literature concerning the history, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of IC was used to support expert recommendations regarding patient management. Experts discussed the literature surrounding IC, focusing on diagnostic tools and currently available treatment modalities.


RESULTS
Diagnosis of IC may often be delayed or missed due to the similarity of symptoms with a number of other conditions. A detailed medical history and careful physical examination are key for diagnosis, and a variety of screening and diagnostic tools are also available. Once a patient is diagnosed with IC, multimodal treatment through pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches is recommended.


CONCLUSIONS
The involvement of both the patient and physician in determining the therapeutic approach, the use of multimodal therapies, regular follow-up and staff involvement in care can bring relief to a substantial number of patients with this condition.
Mishell
Daniel R
DR
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. mishell@usc.edu
Dell
Jeffrey
J
Sand
Peter K
PK
D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
D000700:Analgesics; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide