Language proficiency and executive control in proactive interference: evidence from monolingual and bilingual children and adults.
Two studies are reported in which monolingual and bilingual children (Study 1) and adults (Study 2) completed a memory task involving proactive interference. In both cases, the bilinguals attained lower scores on a vocabulary test than monolinguals but performed the same on the proactive interference task. For the children, bilinguals made fewer intrusions from previous lists even though they recalled the same number of words. For the adults, bilinguals recalled more words than monolinguals when the scores were corrected for differences in vocabulary. In addition, there was a strong effect of vocabulary in which higher vocabulary participants recalled more words irrespective of language group. These results point to the important role of vocabulary in verbal performance and memory. They also suggest that bilinguals may compensate for weaker language proficiency with their greater executive control to achieve the same or better levels of performance as monolinguals.
Bialystok
Ellen
E
Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M3J 1P3. ellenb@yorku.ca
Feng
Xiaojia
X
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D019303:Multilingualism; D011334:Proactive Inhibition; D014825:Vocabulary