Ocular trauma and visual outcome secondary to paintball projectiles.
OBJECTIVE
To describe ocular injuries attributable to paintball-related trauma and their management and results.


METHODS
Retrospective, interventional case series.


METHODS
setting: University practice and emergency department. patient population: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients who sustained ocular injuries secondary to paintballs between July 1, 1998 and January 1, 2005. observation procedure: Age, gender, laterality, setting, eye protection, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and initial diagnosis were documented. main outcome measures: Medical and surgical intervention within the first three days postinjury and further treatment after this time period were recorded. BCVA at the initial and final clinical visit were compared.


RESULTS
The mean follow-up interval was 11.7 months (one to 40). Mean age was 21 years (three to 64), 31 (86%) were male, 34 (97%) were not wearing eye-protection device when injured, and initial BCVA was worse than 20/200 in 28 eyes (78%). The most common ocular finding was hyphema in 29 eyes (81%). Initially, 20 eyes (56%) were managed medically and nine eyes (25%) required primary repair of a ruptured globe. Ultimately, 29 eyes (81%) had surgical intervention including eight eyes (22%) enucleations. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 13 eyes (36%), whereas 18 eyes (50%) were worse than 20/200. Visual acuity (VA) at initial presentation correlated strongly with final VA (r = 0.64; P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Paintball-related ocular injuries are frequently severe and visually devastating. The compulsive use of protective eyewear may have eliminated 97% of injuries in this series and continues to need emphasis to paintball users.
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Kyle J
KJ
Alliman
William E
WE
Smiddy
James
J
Banta
Yousuf
Y
Qureshi
Daniel M
DM
Miller
Joyce C
JC
Schiffman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006988:Hyphema / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*