Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 in the sera and peritoneal washing of patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Early peritoneal recurrence of gastric carcinoma following curative resection remains a great challenge in the treatment and prevention of this disease.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relationship between levels of tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 in the sera and peritoneal washing, and anatomopathological aspects of the gastric carcinoma.


METHODS
Of the 46 patients in the study, 29 (63.0%) were males and 17 (37.0%) females. Mean age was 63.6 +/- 11.7 years (31 to 91 years). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the upper limb vein from both patient groups after anesthetic induction, in order to determine serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9. After the end of the procedure, 50 mL of physiologic solution was introduced into the bottom of the Douglas sack and a portion aspirated to determine CEA and CA 19-9 levels in the peritoneal washing. Levels of CEA and CA 19-9 in the sera and peritoneal washing were compared to the following variables: lesion diameter < or = 4 cm or > 4 cm, lymph node involvement, angiolymphatic invasion, depth of invasion into gastric wall, and initial or late stage.


RESULTS
Sera CEA levels were significantly higher in patients with lesions >5 cm. CEA levels in the sera and peritoneal washing were significantly greater in patients with signet ring cell gastric carcinoma. In addition, levels of CEA in peripheral blood and peritoneal washing showed significant association with the degree of carcinoma penetration into the gastric wall, while sera CEA was significantly higher in patients at more advanced stages. There was no significant difference between sera and peritoneal CEA values regarding grade of differentiation. Patients with gastric lesions measuring > 5 cm and more differentiated lesions had significantly higher sera CA 19-9 values. In patients with lymph nodes invasion by gastric carcinoma, CA 19-9 levels in peritoneal washing were significantly higher than in peripheral blood. Levels of CA 19-9 in peritoneal washing were significantly greater at advanced stages than the initial stage of the gastric carcinoma.


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated levels of CA 19-9 in peritoneal washing were significantly associated with more advance stages of gastric carcinoma and was more reliable predictive factor for staging than sera CA 19-9 levels. CEA levels in the sera more accurately reflected neoplasia stage than levels in peritoneal washing.
Department of Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
René
R
Crepaldi-Filho
Rogério Tadeu
RT
Palma
Marcelo Franchini
MF
Giusti
Marina de Assis Galvão
Mde A
Bueno
Paulo Sérgio Lucas da
PS
Silva
Jaques
J
Waisberg
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen