CD36 selection of 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum associated with severe childhood malaria results in reduced VAR4 expression.
BACKGROUND
A subset of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1(SM)) is involved in the cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBC) contributing to the pathogenesis of severe disease among young children in malaria endemic areas. The PfEMP1(SM) are encoded by group A var genes that are composed of a more constrained range of amino acid sequences than groups B and C var genes encoding PfEMP1(UM) associated with uncomplicated malaria. Also, unlike var genes from groups B and C, those from group A do not have sequences consistent with CD36 binding--a major cytoadhesion phenotype of P. falciparum isolates.


METHODS
A 3D7 PfEMP1(SM) sub-line (3D7(SM)) expressing VAR4 (PFD1235w/MAL8P1.207) was selected for binding to CD36. The protein expression of this parasite line was monitored by surface staining of iRBC using VAR4-specific antibodies. The serological phenotype of the 3D7(SM) parasites was determined by flow cytometry using malaria semi-immune and immune plasma and transcription of the 59 var genes in 3D7 were analysed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using var-specific primers.


RESULTS
A selection-induced increased adhesion of 3D7(SM) iRBC to CD36 resulted in a reduced var4 transcription and VAR4 surface expression.


CONCLUSIONS
VAR4 is not involved in CD36 adhesion. The current findings are consistent with the notion that CD36 adhesion is not associated with particular virulent parasite phenotypes, such as those believed to be exhibited by VAR4 expressing parasites.
Magistrado
Pamela A
PA
Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. pam@immi.ku.dk
Staalsoe
Trine
T
Theander
Thor G
TG
Hviid
Lars
L
Jensen
Anja Tr
AT
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012703:Serotyping
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D017931:DNA Primers; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C085731:erythrocyte membrane protein 1, Plasmodium falciparum