Nanotoxicity of TiO(2) nanoparticles to erythrocyte in vitro.
Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has been considered as non-toxic mineral particles widely used in the fields like cosmetics, food and drug. When the scale come to nanometer, TiO(2) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) exhibits multiple specific characteristics coupled with unknown risks on health. The purpose of this study was to systematically research the influence of nano-TiO(2) on erythrocyte. The results indicated that the erythrocytes treated with nano-TiO(2) underwent abnormal sedimentation, hemagglutination and dose dependent hemolysis, totally differing from those treated with micro-TiO(2). The ghost cells were firstly investigated by using ultra-thin cell section in the case under nano-TiO(2). The mechanism of such adverse effects is (1) the attachment around erythrocyte change the surface native properties and ultimately lead to hemoagglutination; (2) the content leak to the outside of erythrocyte through the breakage induced by both the nano-TiO(2) trans-membrane and the oxidative stress under nano-TiO(2). Our findings imply that nano-TiO(2) may have potential toxicity to human being health.
Li
Shi-Qiang
SQ
School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
Zhu
Rong-Rong
RR
Zhu
Hong
H
Xue
Meng
M
Sun
Xiao-Yu
XY
Yao
Si-De
SD
Wang
Shi-Long
SL
D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
C009495:titanium dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014025:Titanium