Active cystathionine beta-synthase can be expressed in heme-free systems in the presence of metal-substituted porphyrins or a chemical chaperone.
Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme in the metabolism of homocysteine, has previously been shown to require a heme co-factor for maximal activity. However, the biochemical function of the CBS heme is not well defined. Here, we show that expression of human CBS in heme-deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli results in production of an enzyme that is misfolded and degraded. Addition of exogenous heme, porphyrins with non-iron metal, or porphyrin lacking metal entirely produced stable and active CBS enzyme. Purification of recombinant CBS enzyme expressed in the presence of various metalloporphyrins confirmed that Mn(III) and Co(III) had 30-60% of the specific activity of Fe(III)-CBS, and still responded to allosteric activation by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Treatment of S. cerevisiae with the chemical chaperone trimethylamine-N-oxide resulted in near complete restoration of function to human CBS produced in a heme-deficient strain. Taken together, these results suggest that porphyrin moiety of the heme plays a critical role in proper CBS folding and assembly, but that the metal ion is not essential for this function or for allosteric regulation by S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Majtan
Tomas
T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
Singh
Laishram R
LR
Wang
Liqun
L
Kruger
Warren D
WD
Kraus
Jan P
JP
D000495:Allosteric Site; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008744:Methylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism
D008670:Metals; D008744:Methylamines; D011166:Porphyrins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006710:Homocysteine; D003035:Cobalt; D006418:Heme; D008345:Manganese; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase; C005855:trimethyloxamine