Preventing nerve function impairment in leprosy: validation and updating of a prediction rule.
BACKGROUND
To validate and update a prediction rule for estimating the risk of leprosy-related nerve function impairment (NFI).


RESULTS
Prospective cohort using routinely collected data, in which we determined the discriminative ability of a previously published rule and an updated rule with a concordance statistic (c). Additional risk factors were analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The population consisted of 1,037 leprosy patients newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2003 in the health care facilities of the Rural Health Program in Nilphamari and Rangpur districts in northwest Bangladesh. The primary outcome was the time until the start of treatment. An NFI event was defined as the decision to treat NFI with corticosteroids after diagnosis. NFI occurred in 115 patients (13%; 95% confidence interval 11%-16%). The original prediction rule had adequate discriminative ability (c = 0.79), but could be improved by substituting one predicting variable: 'long-standing nerve function impairment at diagnosis' by 'anti-PGL-I antibodies'. The adjusted prediction rule was slightly better (c = 0.81) and identified more patients with NFI (80%) than the original prediction rule (72%).


CONCLUSIONS
NFI can well be predicted by using the risk variables 'leprosy classification' and 'anti-PGL-I antibodies'. The use of these two variables that do not include NFI offer the possibility of predicting NFI, even before it occurs for the first time. Surveillance beyond the treatment period can be targeted to those most likely to benefit from preventing permanent disabilities.
Schuring
Ron P
RP
KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richardus
Jan H
JH
Steyerberg
Ewout W
EW
Pahan
David
D
Faber
William R
WR
Oskam
Linda
L
D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007917:Leprostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007918:Leprosy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007917:Leprostatic Agents