title: Are new-generation bisphosphonates effective for the inhibition of calcium oxalate stone formation in a rat model?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of bisphosphonates on prophylaxis of stone formation are unclear. We evaluated the outcome of two new-generation bisphosphonates in a lithogenic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 male rats were divided into three groups of 12 animals each. Both calcium and creatinine levels of plasma and urine were measured. Zinc discs of about 40 mg each were surgically placed into the bladder. The first group received no treatment and the second and third groups were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of weekly clodronate (20 mg/kg) and zoledronic acid (7.5 microg/kg), respectively. At the end of the 8th week, the weight increase in discs and biochemical changes were analyzed comparatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean weight of discs in the control, clodronate and zoledronic acid groups was 109.65 +/- 80.97, 79.82 +/- 17.99 and 72.91 +/- 19.29 mg, respectively (p > 0.05). The percentage increase in weight of discs was 164% for control, 90% for clodronate and 71% for the zoledronic acid group. The increase of urinary calcium level in the zoledronic acid group was lower than the others (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When considering the percentage increase in weight of discs, the difference between control and bisphosphonate groups support the idea that these drugs may have a preventive role in stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, S.B. Istanbul Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ebasok@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Erem Kaan
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Basok
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.forename: Necmettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atsu
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Resit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tokuc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015032:Zinc; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D004002:Clodronic Acid; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium