title: Fluoride varnish reduces white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.
abstract: METHODS
  This was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) set in a community dental practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test varnish was a commercially available product, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), containing 0.1% fluoride as difluorosilane in a polyurethane varnish base. The placebo varnish applied had an identical composition but without fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions (WSL) on the upper incisors, cuspids and premolars were recorded, as scored from digital photographs by two independent examiners. In the case of disagreement, cases were re-examined until a consensus was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of WSL during the treatment period was 7.4% in the fluoride varnish group compared with 25.3% placebo group (P <0.001). The mean progression score was significantly lower in the fluoride varnish group than in the placebo group, (0.8 +/- 2.0 vs 2.6 +/- 2.8; P <0.001). The absolute risk reduction was 18% and the number-needed-to-treat was calculated to be 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.7-10.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results strongly suggest that regular topical fluoride varnish applications may reduce the development of WSL adjacent to the bracket base during treatment with fixed appliances.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shafi