title: Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in growth differentiate factor 5 with congenital dysplasia of the hip: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital dysplasia of the hip is an abnormal seating of the femoral head in the acetabulum, mainly caused by shallow acetabulum and lax joint capsule. Genetic factors play a considerable role in the pathogenesis of congenital dysplasia of the hip. The gene growth differentiate factor 5 (GDF5) has been implicated in skeletal development and joint morphogenesis in humans and mice. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-untranslated region of GDF5 (rs143383) was reported to be associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility. As a key regulator in morphogenesis of skeletal components and soft tissues in and around the joints, GDF5 may be involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of congenital dysplasia of the hip. Our objective is to evaluate if the GDF5 SNP is associated with congenital dysplasia of the hip in people of Han Chinese origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GDF5 SNP was genotyped in 338 children with congenital dysplasia of the hip and 622 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SNP was significantly associated with congenital dysplasia of the hip (p = 0.0037; odds ration (OR) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11 to 1.75). A significant difference was detected in female samples when stratified by gender (p = 0.0053; OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.91), and in hip dislocation when stratified by severity (p = 0.0078; OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that GDF5 is important in the aetiology of congenital dysplasia of the hip. To the authors' knowledge this is the first time that a definite association with the congenital dysplasia of the hip susceptibility has been detected.
authors.affiliation: The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China. daijin_nju@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Dongquan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Pengsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Lunqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Baocheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Baorui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikegawa
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D006615:Hip; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C525893:GDF5 protein, human; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5