The design and field implementation of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study.
The US Environmental Protection Agency recently conducted the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). The study began in 2004 and involved community, residential, and personal-based measurements of air pollutants targeting 120 participants and their residences. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate and describe the relationship between air toxics, particulate matter (PM), PM constituents, and PM from specific sources measured at a central site monitor with those from the residential and personal locations. The impact of regional, local (point and mobile), and personal sources on pollutant concentrations and the role of physical and human factors that might influence these concentrations were investigated. A combination of active and passive sampling methodologies were employed in the collection of PM mass, criteria gases, semivolatile organics, and volatile organic compound air pollutants among others. Monitoring was conducted in six selected neighborhoods along with one community site using a repeated measure design. Households from each of the selected communities were monitored for 5 consecutive days in the winter and again in the summer. Household, participant and a variety of other surveys were utilized to better understand human and household factors that might affect the impact of ambient-based pollution sources upon personal and residential locations. A randomized recruitment strategy was successful in enrolling nearly 140 participants over the course of the study. Over 36,000 daily-based environmental data points or records were ultimately collected. This paper fully describes the design of the DEARS and the approach used to implement this field monitoring study and reports select preliminary findings.
Williams
Ron
R
National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD E-204-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. williams.ronald@epa.gov
Rea
Anne
A
Vette
Alan
A
Croghan
Carry
C
Whitaker
Donald
D
Stevens
Carvin
C
McDow
Steve
S
Fortmann
Roy
R
Sheldon
Linda
L
Wilson
Holly
H
Thornburg
Jonathan
J
Phillips
Michael
M
Lawless
Phil
P
Rodes
Charles
C
Daughtrey
Hunter
H
D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002947:Cities; D003625:Data Collection; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency; D014504:Urban Health; D014835:Volatilization
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter