title: Antimicrobial management of sepsis and septic shock.
abstract: Every patient who has sepsis and septic shock must be evaluated appropriately at presentation before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, in most situations, an abridged initial assessment focusing on critical diagnostic and management planning elements is sufficient. Intravenous antibiotics should be administered as early as possible, and always within the first hour of recognizing severe sepsis and septic shock. Broad-spectrum antibiotics must be selected with one or more agents active against likely bacterial or fungal pathogens and with good penetration into the presumed source. Antimicrobial therapy should be reevaluated daily to optimize efficacy, prevent resistance, avoid toxicity, and minimize costs. Consider combination therapy in septic shock Pseudomonas infections in neutropenic patients. Combination therapy should be continued for no more than 3 to 5 days and de-escalation should occur following availability of susceptibilities. The duration of antibiotic therapy typically is limited to 7 to 10 days. Longer duration is considered if response is slow, if there is inadequate surgical source control, or if immunologic deficiencies are evident. Antimicrobial therapy should be stopped if infection is not considered the etiologic factor for a shock state.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 700 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E-0Z3.
authors.forename: Sat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents