title: Cross-cultural nursing research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  International cross-cultural comparative nursing research is considered important for the advancement of nursing knowledge offering a global perspective for nursing. Although this is recognised in policy statements and quality standards, international comparative studies are rare in database citations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the need for cross-cultural comparative research in nursing and to share some of the insights gained after conducting three international/cross-cultural comparative studies. These are: an examination of patients' autonomy, privacy and informed consent in nursing interventions BIOMED 1998-2001, the ICProject International Patient Study 2002-2006 and the Ethical Codes in Nursing (ECN) project 2003-2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are three critical issues raised here for discussion from the international cross-cultural studies. These are: the planning and formulating of an international study, the conduct of cross-cultural research including the implementation of rigorous data collection and analysis and the reporting and implementing the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International and cross-cultural nursing research is powerful tool for the improvement of clinical nursing practise, education and management and advancement of knowledge. Such studies should be carried out in order to improve European evidence based health care development in which the patients' perspective plays an important part in the evaluation and benchmarking of services.
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science/Health Care District of Forssa, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suhonen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leino-Kilpi
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D007391:International Cooperation; D015399:Nursing Research