title: Ultrasonography in preclinical education: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic tool in the clinical setting. Yet, medical students often have minimal familiarity with this technology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of second-year medical students to use ultrasonography for identification of anatomic structures and pathologic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-directed approach that reduced facilitator involvement, encouraging learning that mimicked the medical school's problem-based learning pathway program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five students were each given 10 hours of instruction in ultrasonographic techniques by three certified ultrasonographers in outpatient and hospital settings. Each student performed 40 hours of organ-specific ultrasonographic scans on another student in 2-hour sessions during 20 weeks. Images were archived for future evaluation and quality rating. Students took a 35-question posttraining examination with 10 contrived case scenarios. Questions were designed to test student knowledge in three categories: anatomic structure, technical skill, and clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttraining examination results, expressed as the percent of correct answers for all five participants by category, were as follows: anatomic structure, 70%; technical skill, 70%; clinical diagnosis, 68%. Evaluations of the archived images, which were graded for proper anatomic identification and image clarity, yielded the following scores indicating "good" or "fair" quality for each anatomic region: abdominal, 80%; pelvic, 63%; cardiac, 73%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second-year osteopathic medical students can attain a sufficient degree of proficiency in limited ultrasonographic technique.
authors.affiliation: Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine-Bradenton, 233 Rue des Lacs, Tarpon Springs, FL 34688-8608, USA. vsyperda@mindspring.com
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Syperda
authors.forename: Puja N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Morganna L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: Travis M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Alben
mesh_terms: D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013337:Students, Medical; D014463:Ultrasonography