title: Sex differences in ambulatory visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1995 to 2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a rapidly growing public health problem in the United States. It is unclear whether men and women differ in their utilization of ambulatory care or medications prescribed for COPD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate sex-related trends in physician-office and out-patient department COPD visits from 1995 through 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) to derive national estimates of out-patient ambulatory COPD visits. For trend analysis we stratified the data into 2-year periods and by sex. The main variables of interest were the number of out-patient visits for COPD, patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1995 to 2004, COPD-related out-patient visits increased among women and men; oral corticosteroids and short-acting bronchodilators were the most commonly prescribed drugs for both women and men; and prescriptions for inhaled corticosteroid decreased in both women (from 20% to 11%) and men (from 20 to 17%). In 2004, women surpassed men in out-patient COPD visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD visits increased among both sexes, but the upward trend in COPD visits among women indicates that COPD is no longer a male-dominated disease. Providers should be aware of this shift in patient demographics and the differences between the sexes in COPD management.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, USA. dsuh@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Dong-Churl
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Shibani M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pokras
authors.forename: In-Sun
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valiyeva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors