title: Higher hospital volume predicts endoscopy but not the in-hospital mortality rate in patients with acute variceal hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute variceal hemorrhage (AVH) is an important complication of cirrhosis that carries a high mortality rate. Management of AVH requires early initiation of specialized care that may be more readily available at centers that deal with a high volume of AVH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to examine the relationship between the annual hospitalization volume and the in-hospital mortality rate for AVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study from a national representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20% sample of all nonfederal short-term hospitals from 37 states participating in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28,817 discharges with AVH identified through appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes for bleeding esophageal varices. Hospitals were divided into low-, medium-, and high-volume hospitals if they had 1 to 15, 16 to 35, and 36 or more annual discharges related to AVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-hospital mortality rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in the mortality rate either for medium- (odds ratio [OR] 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67-1.05) or high-volume hospitals (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82-1.37). However, patients both at medium- (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.58) and high-volume hospitals (OR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.07-1.84) were more likely to undergo endoscopy for AVH. Endoscopic intervention for control of variceal hemorrhage was significantly more common in medium- (OR 1.20) and high- (OR 1.33) volume hospitals. Patients at medium- (OR 3.10; 95% CI, 2.09-4.60) and high-volume hospitals (OR 4.12; 95% CI, 2.52-6.75) were also more likely to undergo transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher hospital volume is associated with greater rates of endoscopy, endoscopic intervention, and higher utilization of TIPS in the management of AVH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. aanantha@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Ashwin N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ananthakrishnan
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McGinley
authors.forename: Kia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeian
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*