title: Effects of generation time on spray aerosol transport and deposition in models of the mouth-throat geometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For most newly developed spray aerosol inhalers, the generation time is a potentially important variable that can be fully controlled. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of spray aerosol generation time on transport and deposition in a standard induction port (IP) and more realistic mouth-throat (MT) geometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Capillary aerosol generation (CAG) was selected as a representative system in which spray momentum was expected to significantly impact deposition. Sectional and total depositions in the IP and MT geometries were assessed at a constant CAG flow rate of 25 mg/sec for aerosol generation times of 1, 2, and 4 sec using both in vitro experiments and a previously developed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the in vitro and numerical results indicated that extending the generation time of the spray aerosol, delivered at a constant mass flow rate, significantly reduced deposition in the IP and more realistic MT geometry. Specifically, increasing the generation time of the CAG system from 1 to 4 sec reduced the deposition fraction in the IP and MT geometries by approximately 60 and 33%, respectively. Furthermore, the CFD predictions of deposition fraction were found to be in good agreement with the in vitro results for all times considered in both the IP and MT geometries. The numerical results indicated that the reduction in deposition fraction over time was associated with temporal dissipation of what was termed the spray aerosol "burst effect." Based on these results, increasing the spray aerosol generation time, at a constant mass flow rate, may be an effective strategy for reducing deposition in the standard IP and in more realistic MT geometries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. pwlongest@vcu.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Worth Longest
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindle
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das Choudhuri
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009038:Motion; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012212:Rheology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D019141:Respiratory System Agents