title: Interaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and NL63 coronavirus spike proteins with angiotensin converting enzyme-2.
abstract: Although in different groups, the coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and NL63 use the same receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2, for entry into the host cell. Despite this common receptor, the consequence of entry is very different; severe respiratory distress in the case of SARS-CoV but frequently only a mild respiratory infection for NL63. Using a wholly recombinant system, we have investigated the ability of each virus receptor-binding protein, spike or S protein, to bind to ACE-2 in solution and on the cell surface. In both assays, we find that the NL63 S protein has a weaker interaction with ACE-2 than the SARS-CoV S protein, particularly in solution binding, but the residues required for contact are similar. We also confirm that the ACE-2-binding site of NL63 S lies between residues 190 and 739. A lower-affinity interaction with ACE-2 might partly explain the different pathological consequences of infection by SARS-CoV and NL63.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mathewson
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Yongxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Junyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, K3-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berkhout
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, K3-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Hoek
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012996:Solutions; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012996:Solutions; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; C578553:spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2