title: Single-stage repair of bladder exstrophy in older children and children with failed previous repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of cosmetic and functional outcome of single-stage exstrophy-epispadias complex repair in older children and those with previously failed repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised 15 children (12 boys and 3 girls) with classic bladder exstrophy and a mean age at repair of 8.6 months (range 2-24 months). Eight children had a previously failed repair. All children underwent complete primary repair using the single-stage Mitchell technique. Half of the boys had complete penile disassembly, while in the others a modified Cantwell-Ransley technique for epispadias repair was used. Anterior iliac osteotomy was performed and hip spica used for immobilization in all children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One child had urethral stricture treated by endoscopic visual urethrotomy. Three children had penopubic fistulae that closed spontaneously. No bladder dehiscence or prolapse was encountered. Vesicoureteral reflux was present in 20 renal units but ureteral reimplantation was not performed. Average bladder capacity after closure was 134 cm(3) (range 110-160 cm(3)) with only two partially continent and six incontinent children. Mean follow-up period is 2 years (range 1-3 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-stage repair was performed in children with previously failed repair and those presenting at an older age with satisfactory results. Acceptable bladder and genital anatomy and function were achieved together with preservation of renal function. The impact of this technique on continence is not encouraging, but needs to be determined in a longer follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, University of Alexandria School of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt. dr.youssif@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youssif
authors.forename: Haytham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badawy
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanno
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mokhless