title: Family and sexual orientation: the family-demographic correlates of homosexuality in men and women.
abstract: Using a nationally representative sample of young adults, I identify the family-demographic correlates of sexual orientation in men and women. Hence, I test the maternal immune hypothesis, which posits that the only biodemographic correlate of male homosexuality is the number of older brothers, and there are no biodemographic correlates of female homosexuality. For men, I find that having one older brother does not raise the likelihood of homosexuality. Although having multiple older brothers has a positive coefficient, it is not significant. Moreover, having any older sisters lowers the likelihood of homosexual or bisexual identity. For women, I find that having an older brother or having any sisters decreases the likelihood of homosexuality. Family structure, ethnicity, and education are also significantly correlated with male and female sexual orientation. Therefore, the maternal immune hypothesis cannot explain the entire pattern of family-demographic correlates. The findings are consistent with either biological or social theories of sexual orientation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-2240, USA. andrews.francis@emory.edu
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001722:Birth Order; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D019529:Sexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012801:Sibling Relations; D035781:Siblings; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult