title: Comparing alternative methods of measuring skin color and damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study investigated the reliability and validity of several skin color and damage measurement strategies and explored their applicability among participants of different races, skin types, and sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred college-aged participants completed an online survey about their perceived skin damage and skin protection. They also attended an in-person session in which an observer rated their skin color; additionally, UV photos and spectrophotometry readings were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trained research assistants rated the damage depicted in the UV photos reliably. Moderate to high correlations emerged between skin color self-report and spectrophotometry readings. Observer rating correlated with spectrophotometry rating of current but not natural skin color. Lighter-skinned individuals reported more cumulative skin damage, which was supported by UV photography. Although women's current skin color was lighter and their UV photos showed similar damage to men's, women reported significantly more damaged skin than men did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that self-report continues to be a valuable measurement strategy when skin reflectance measurement is not feasible or appropriate and that UV photos and observer ratings may be useful but need to be tested further. The results also suggest that young women and men may benefit from different types of skin cancer prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: Jacqueline D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kloss
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Manne
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins