title: Exploring the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and objective socio-emotional outcomes in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions and dispositions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies. This paper examines the validity of this construct, as operationalized by the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Form (TEIQue-CF), in primary schoolchildren.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aim was to examine the construct validity of trait EI in middle and late childhood by exploring its relationships with cognitive ability, emotion perception, and social behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 140 children aged between 8 and 12 years (M=9.26 years, SD=1.00 year; 63 girls) from two English state primary schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pupils completed the TEIQue-CF, the standard progressive matrices (SPM), the guess who peer assessment, the social skills training (SST) test, and the assessment of children's emotion skills (ACES) during formal class periods. The procedure took approximately two hours with a short break between assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trait EI scores were positively related both to peer-rated prosocial behaviour and to overall peer competence. They also predicted emotion perception accuracy beyond overall peer competence. As hypothesized in trait EI theory, the construct was unrelated to IQ (Raven's matrices) and academic performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trait EI is successfully operationalized through the TEIQue-CF and has important and multifaceted implications for the socialization of primary schoolchildren.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mavroveli
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Petrides
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sangareau
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furnham
mesh_terms: D002605:Character; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012951:Socialization; D012963:Sociometric Techniques