title: Does limb angular motion raise limb arterial pressure?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mechanical factors such as the muscle pump have been proposed to augment flow by several mechanisms. The potential for limb angular motion to augment local perfusion pressure (pressure = (1/2)rhor(2)omega(2), where rho is the fluid density, r the radius and omega the angular velocity) has been overlooked. We sought to test the hypothesis that limb angular motion augments limb arterial pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine human subjects performed horizontal shoulder flexion ( approximately +/-90 degrees at 0.75 Hz for 30 s). We measured finger arterial pressure (photoplethysmography) in the moving (Trial 1) and non-moving arm (Trial 2) in separate trials along with the pressure (strain gauge) generated at the fingers within a length of water-filled tubing mounted on the moving arm in both trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arm swinging raised (P < 0.05) the mean pressure measured in the tubing by 11 +/- 2 and 14 +/- 2 mmHg (Trials 1 and 2 respectively). In response to exercise, the rise in mean finger arterial pressure in the swinging limb (18 +/- 3 mmHg, Trial 1) exceeded (P < 0.05) the rise in the resting limb (8 +/- 2 mmHg, Trial 2) by an amount similar to the 11 mmHg rise in pressure generated in the tubing in Trial 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the swinging of a limb creates centrifugal force (a biomechanical centrifuge) which imparts additional pressure to the arteries, but not the veins owing to the venous valves, which further widens the arterial-venous pressure difference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Iowa, 424 Field House, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. don-sheriff@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sheriff
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mullin
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladouceur
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D017156:Photoplethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult