title: Approximate simultaneous confidence intervals for multiple contrasts of binomial proportions.
abstract: Simultaneous confidence intervals for contrasts of means in a one-way layout with several independent samples are well established for Gaussian distributed data. Procedures addressing different hypotheses are available, such as all pairwise comparisons or comparisons to control, comparison with average, or different tests for order-restricted alternatives. However, if the distribution of the response is not Gaussian, corresponding methods are usually not available or not implemented in software. For the case of comparisons among several binomial proportions, we extended recently proposed confidence interval methods for the difference of two proportions or single contrasts to multiple contrasts by using quantiles of the multivariate normal distribution, taking the correlation into account. The small sample performance of the proposed methods was investigated in simulation studies. The simple adjustment of adding 2 pseudo-observations to each sample estimate leads to reasonable coverage probabilities. The methods are illustrated by the evaluation of real data examples of a clinical trial and a toxicological study. The proposed methods and examples are available in the R package MCPAN. ((c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biostatistik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaarschmidt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sill
authors.forename: Ludwig A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hothorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011336:Probability; D014116:Toxicology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data