title: Active oxygen doctors the evidence.
abstract: Investigation at the scene of a crime begins with the search for clues. In the case of bloodstains, the most frequently used reagents are luminol and reduced phenolphthalein (or phenolphthalin that is also known as the Kastle-Meyer colour test). The limitations of these reagents have been studied and are well known. Household cleaning products have evolved with the times, and new products with active oxygen are currently widely used, as they are considered to be highly efficient at removing all kinds of stains on a wide range of surfaces. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of these new cleaning products on latent bloodstains that may be left at a scene of a crime. To do so, various fabrics were stained with blood and then washed using cleaning agents containing active oxygen. The results of reduced phenolphthalein, luminol and human haemoglobin tests on the washed fabrics were negative. The conclusion is that these new products alter blood to such an extent that it can no longer be detected by currently accepted methods employed in criminal investigations. This inability to locate bloodstains means that highly important evidence (e.g. a DNA profile) may be lost. Consequently, it is important that investigators are aware of this problem so as to compensate for it.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, University of Valencia EG, Av/ Blasco Ibañez, Valencia, Spain. Ana.Castello@uv.es
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castelló
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francès
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdú
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001801:Blood Stains; D003020:Clothing; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008165:Luminol
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008165:Luminol