title: Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: the ACHIEVE study results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving dialysis often develop secondary hyperparathyroidism with disturbed calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) was established to guide treatment practices for these disorders. The ACHIEVE study was designed to test two treatment strategies for achieving KDOQI goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals on hemodialysis treated with vitamin D sterols were enrolled in this 33-week study. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with either cinacalcet and low-dose vitamin D (Cinacalcet-D) or flexible vitamin D alone (Flex-D) to achieve KDOQI-recommended bone mineral targets. ACHIEVE included a 6-week screening phase, including vitamin D washout, a 16-week dose-titration phase, and an 11-week assessment phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 173 subjects enrolled, 83% of Cinacalcet-D and 67% of Flex-D subjects completed the study. A greater proportion of Cinacalcet-D versus Flex-D subjects had a >30% reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH) (68% versus 36%, P < 0.001) as well as PTH <300 pg/ml (44% versus 23%, P = 0.006). The proportion of subjects simultaneously achieving targets for intact PTH (150-300 pg/ml) and calcium-phosphorus product (Ca x P) (<55 mg2/dl2) was also greater (21% versus 14%), but this was not statistically significant. This was attributable to 19% of Cinacalcet-D subjects with a PTH value below the KDOQI target range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achievement of KDOQI targets was difficult, especially with Flex-D. Maintaining calcium and phosphorus target values precluded the use of vitamin D doses necessary to lower PTH to within the narrow target range and highlighted limitations inherent to the KDOQI treatment algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Winthrop University Hospital, Department Of Nephrology, Mineola, New York 11501, USA. sfishbane@metrorenal.com
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fishbane
authors.forename: Warren B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Dalila B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Corry
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Vicks
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roppolo
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charytan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000069449:Cinacalcet; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium; D000069449:Cinacalcet