title: CXCL16 is a surrogate marker of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired barrier function of the gut and inadequate immunological response to intestinal pathogens are the cornerstones in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CXCL16 is a protein which shares pattern recognition receptor functions, relevant for adhesion and phagocytosis of bacterial products, with the properties of an adhesion molecule and inflammatory chemokine. The relevance of CXCL16 in IBD has so far been elusive. This objective of this study was to determine the association between CXCL16 and IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Soluble CXCL16 (sol-CXCL16) serum levels in a cohort of 239 patients with Crohn's disease were measured, 114 patients with ulcerative colitis and 144 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a univariate analysis, sol-CXCL16 was found to be markedly increased in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis compared with that in controls (p < 0.001). This was significantly associated with an increase of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis (adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell (WBC) count, resistin and CRP) sol-CXCL16 was associated with Crohn's disease above versus below the median (OR 10.53 (3.97-27.78) p < 0.001) and ulcerative colitis (OR 3.46 (1.40-8.55) p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that CXCL16 may play a pro-inflammatory role in IBD, particularly Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Munich, Germany. Michael.Lehrke@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehrke
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schachinger
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tillack
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seibold
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Iklaus G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Parhofer
authors.forename: Uli C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Broedl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D002097:C-Reactive Protein