title: [Hypertension in children and adolescence].
abstract: The epidemic of childhood obesity, the risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, and evidence of the early development of atherosclerosis in children would make the detection of and intervention in childhood hypertension important to reduce long-term health risks; however, supporting data are lacking. Secondary hypertension is more common in preadolescent children, with most cases caused by renal disease. Primary or essential hypertension is more common in adolescents and has multiple risk factors, including obesity and a family history of hypertension. Evaluation involves a through history and physical examination, laboratory tests, and specialized studies. Management is multifaceted. Nonpharmacologic treatments include weight reduction, exercise, and dietary modifications. Although the evidence of first line therapy for hypertension is still controversial, the recommendations for pharmacologic treatment are based on symptomatic hypertension, evidence of end-organ damage, stage 2 of hypertension, or stage 1 of hypertension unresponsive to lifestyle modifications, and hypertension with diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cardiología Adultos III, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", INCICH, Juan Badiano Núm. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México, DF. caty_lome@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lomelí
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendoza-González
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buendía
authors.forename: Sergio Mario
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Férez-Santander
authors.forename: Fause
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Attie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy