title: Systemic effects of isolated brain injury: an experimental animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although various experimental works of neurotrauma research are performed, little attention has been paid to the concomitant systemic changes following isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Such investigations seem to be a prerequisite condition for evaluation of experimental drugs, which may diminish the secondary damage following TBI. We describe histopathologic findings of the lung, liver, spleen and kidney 96 hours following an experimental TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male C57BI/6 mice were subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the left parietotemporal cortex using rounded-tip impounder for application of a standardized brain injury. Subjects were killed 96 hours following trauma. Brain, lung, liver, kidney and spleen were preserved for morphologic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate histopathologic changes were evident in the lung and liver. The kidney and spleen seem not to be affected by the trauma regarding our examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study show that even isolated TBI can lead to a migration of immunocompetent cells to peripheral organs potentially leading to dysfunctions of peripheral organs to various extents. More attention to peripheral organs during experimental TBI research is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany. mirzayan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mirzayan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samii
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Griensven
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004177:Dipyrone