title: Combination of obesity with hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the presence of vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: Although patients with type 2 diabetes show no bone mineral density (BMD) reduction, fracture risks are known to increase. It is unclear why the patients have an increased risk of fracture despite sufficient BMD. We investigated the relationships of body mass index (BMI), HbA(1c), and urinary C-peptide (uC-peptide) versus BMD, bone metabolic markers, serum adiponectin, and prevalent vertebral fracture (VF). A total of 163 Japanese type 2 diabetic men were consecutively recruited, and radiographic and biochemical data were collected. BMI was positively correlated with BMD at the whole body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with osteocalcin and urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen (uNTX) (P < 0.01). HbA(1c) was negatively correlated with osteocalcin (P < 0.01) but not BMD at any site. Subjects were classified into four groups based on BMI and HbA(1c) (group LL BMI < 24 and HbA(1c) < 9, group LH BMI < 24 and HbA(1c) > or = 9, group HL BMI > or = 24 and HbA(1c) < 9, group HH BMI > or = 24 and HbA(1c) > or = 9). Serum adiponectin, osteocalcin, and uNTX were lower and the incidence of VF was higher despite sufficient BMD in the HH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, uC-peptide, and estimated glomerular filtration rate showed that the HH group was associated with the presence of a VF and multiple VFs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.031-9.056, P = 0.0439, and OR = 5.415, 95% CI 1.126-26.040, P = 0.0350, respectively). Combination of obesity with hyperglycemia was a risk factor for VF despite sufficient BMD in diabetic men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan. ippei.k@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ippei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Toshitsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000652:urine; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D002096:C-Peptide; D024042:Collagen Type I; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human