title: Antibiotic resistance in a very remote Amazonas community.
abstract: In a very remote human community of the Peruvian Amazonas with minimal antibiotic exposure, high levels of acquired resistance to the oldest antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and chloramphenicol) were detected in commensal Escherichia coli, with remarkable diversity of resistant clones and of resistance genes and plasmids. This pattern was similar overall to that previously observed in a very remote community of Bolivia. It was also similar to that observed in the nearest urban area, except for a lower dominance of resistant isolates and the absolute lack of quinolone resistance in the remote community. Present findings suggest that antibiotic resistance observed in remote communities with minimal antibiotic exposure is a general phenomenon contributed by complex mechanisms and provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Area Critica Medico Chirurgica, Clinica di Malattie Infettive, Università di Firenze, Ospedale di Careggi, Florence, Italy. bartoloni@unifi.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartoloni
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallecchi
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantella
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bartalesi
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strohmeyer
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotuzzo
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paradisi
authors.forename: Gian Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rossolini
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010568:Peru; D010957:Plasmids; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial