title: PinQ: a valid, reliable and reproducible quality-of-life measure in children with bladder dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, a cross-cultural continence-specific paediatric quality-of-life measurement tool (PinQ) has been developed and tested psychometrically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test re-test reliability of this new tool in a cohort of children with bladder dysfunction in order to evaluate the reproducibility of scores. A secondary aim was to compare the parent-completed proxy version with child-reported scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  PinQ was translated and back-translated from English into Chinese and Dutch and scrutinized for cultural and linguistic appropriateness or ambiguity. Forty children aged 6-15 years from both countries were asked to self-complete the measure at first consultation and then again 14 days later. No new treatment was implemented between data collection points. On the initial visit, parents also completed a proxy version of PinQ. Intraclass correlations (one-way random effects model) were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for comparison between items and factors showed little variability in scoring. One item was not reproducible and was removed from the tool. Overall proxy scores varied little from the child-reported scores. However, the impact on the child of his/her parent's concern about the bladder problem was poorly perceived (ICC=0.18) as was the impact on the child's sense of self-worth (0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PinQ has been shown to be reliable under test re-test conditions when completed by children from the age of 6 years. Proxy PinQ suggests that parents accurately evaluate the effect of bladder dysfunction on wellbeing in their children. A 20-item measurement tool will now be introduced clinically and subjected to sensitivity testing for treatment outcome and diagnostic grouping.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: F K Y
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bluyssen
authors.forename: E M C
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung