title: A persistent outbreak of ulcerative enteritis in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
abstract: Ulcerative enteritis is a disease that typically responds well to medication. An outbreak of ulcerative enteritis that was persistent and unresponsive to treatment is described. The outbreak started in semimature birds and progressively spread to younger birds. Confounding factors leading to this persistence were a significant coccidosis problem, a feed mixing error, and suspected antibiotic resistance. Although Clostridium colinum was never isolated, a bacitracin-resistant Clostridium perfringens was cultured from affected birds. Only the combined treatment of the flocks with an anticoccidial and tylosin was effective in controlling clinical disease. Numerous other management and treatment strategies were unsuccessful in lowering the severe mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 1114 Tupper Hall, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beltran-Alcrudo
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reimers
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charlton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003088:Colinus; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004751:Enteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015645:Tylosin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003049:Coccidiostats; D015645:Tylosin