title: Comparison of 3 optical navigation systems for computer-aided maxillofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of 3 computer-aided surgery systems for maxillofacial reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of 3 computer-aided surgery systems: StealthStation, VectorVision, and Voxim.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of California, Davis, Department of Otolaryngology computer-aided surgery laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four fresh cadaveric heads.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean target registration error.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The StealthStation was the most accurate (mean [SD] target registration error, 1.00 [0.04] mm), followed by VectorVision (1.13 [0.05] mm) and then Voxim (1.34 [0.04] mm). All values met statistical significance (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurable accuracy differences were found among the navigation systems evaluated. The StealthStation was the most accurate. However, the differences are small, and the clinical significance for maxillofacial reconstruction is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 2521 Stockton Blvd, Ste 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. edward.strong@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: E Bradley
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafii
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holhweg-Majert
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Marc Christian
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Metzger
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*