title: Femoral nerve blockade as a preemptive anesthetic in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Femoral nerve blockade has been purported to be an effective regional anesthetic in patients undergoing various procedures to lower extremities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Femoral nerve blockade will provide improved postoperative pain control over a local anesthetic in the knee joint alone in patients undergoing endoscopic patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six adult patients undergoing an endoscopic patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anesthesia were prospectively randomized to receive either a bupivacaine femoral nerve blockade (block) or a saline placebo injection (control). Both groups received local bupivacaine injection and intravenous ketorolac at wound closure. Outcomes included postoperative pain measured on a validated visual analog scale at postoperative intervals for 72 hours, intraoperative and postoperative narcotic consumption, admission rates, hospital charges, patient satisfaction, and complications related to the femoral nerve block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 31 block patients and 25 control patients. No significant differences between groups for postoperative pain scores, intraoperative or postoperative narcotic consumption, readiness for discharge, duration of hospitalization, admission rates, hospital charges, or patient satisfaction were observed. There were no complications related to the femoral nerve block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preemptive femoral nerve blockade, although safe, does not provide significant clinical benefit in this patient population to justify its routine use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. matavam@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Matava
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Prickett
authors.forename: Shardad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khodamoradi
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garbutt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D015990:Placebo Effect; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics