title: Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) image enhancement with segmentation-free contour modeling C-mode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a semiautomated method to visualize structures of interest (SoIs) along their contour within three-dimensional, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (3D SD-OCT) data, without the need for segmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the use of two SD-OCT devices, the authors obtained 3D SD-OCT data within 6 x 6 x 1.4-mm and 6 x 6 x 2-mm volumes, respectively, centered on the fovea in healthy eyes and in eyes with retinal pathology. C-mode images were generated by sampling a variable thickness plane semiautomatically modeled to fit the contour of the SoI. Unlike published and commercialized methods, this method did not require retinal layer segmentation, which is known to fail frequently in the presence of retinal pathology. Four SoIs were visualized for healthy eyes: striation of retinal nerve fiber (RNF), retinal capillary network (RCN), choroidal capillary network (CCN), and major choroidal vasculature (CV). Various SoIs were visualized for eyes with retinal pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven healthy eyes and seven eyes with retinal pathology (cystoid macular edema, central serous retinopathy, vitreoretinal traction, and age-related macular degeneration) were imaged. CCN and CV were successfully visualized in all eyes, whereas RNF and RCN were visualized in all healthy eyes and in 42.8% of eyes with pathologies. Various SoIs were successfully visualized in all eyes with retinal pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed C-mode contour modeling may provide clinically useful images of SoIs even in eyes with severe pathologic changes in which segmentation algorithms fail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Jongsick
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gabriele
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Kyung R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duker
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
mesh_terms: D001369:Axons; D002196:Capillaries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*