title: New insights into structure-function relationships between archeal ATP synthase (A1A0) and vacuolar type ATPase (V1V0).
abstract: Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is the energy currency of living cells. While ATP synthases of archae and ATP synthases of pro- and eukaryotic organisms operate as energy producers by synthesizing ATP, the eukaryotic V-ATPase hydrolyzes ATP and thus functions as energy transducer. These enzymes share features like the hydrophilic catalytic- and the membrane-embedded ion-translocating sector, allowing them to operate as nano-motors and to transform the transmembrane electrochemical ion gradient into ATP or vice versa. Since archaea are rooted close to the origin of life, the A-ATP synthase is probably more similar in its composition and function to the "original" enzyme, invented by Nature billion years ago. On the contrary, the V-ATPases have acquired specific structural, functional and regulatory features during evolution. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the structure, mechanism and regulation of A-ATP synthases and V-ATPases. The importance of V-ATPase in pathophysiology of diseases will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. ggrueber@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grüber
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marshansky
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases