title: In vitro fertilization, embryo development, and cell lineage segregation after pre- and/or postnatal exposure of female mice to ambient fine particulate matter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effects of pre- and/or postnatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on fertilization, embryo development, and cell lineage segregation in preimplantation blastocysts using the IVF mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-week-old, superovulated mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and postnatal exposure to filtered air (FA-FA), filtered-ambient air (FA-AA), or ambient air (AA-AA) in exposure chambers 24 hours a day for 9 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gestation length, litter size, sex ratio, ovarian response to superovulation, fertilization rate, embryo development, blastocyst and hatching rates, total cell count, and proportion of cell allocation to inner-cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gestation length, litter size and birth weight, live-birth index, and sex ratio were similar among exposure groups. Ovarian response was not affected by the exposure protocol. A multivariate effect for pre- and/or postnatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on IVF, embryo development, and blastocyst differential staining was found. Cell counts in ICM and ICM/TE ratios in blastocysts produced in the FA-FA protocol were significantly higher than in blastocysts produced in the FA-AA and AA-AA protocols. No difference in total cell count was observed among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter may negatively affect female reproductive health by disrupting the lineage specification at the blastocyst stage without interfering in early development of the mouse embryo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. mariangela@ceerh.com.br
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maluf
authors.forename: Paulo Marcelo
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: Daniela Aparecida Nicolosi
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Foltran Januário
authors.forename: Paulo Hilário
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Nascimento Saldiva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D051379:Mice; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter