title: Assessment of reclaimed municipal wastewater application on rice cultivation.
abstract: Field research was carried out to assess the effects of the application of reclaimed municipal wastewater on rice cultivation in Thessaloniki, Greece during a 2-year period (1999-2000). Effects on production cost, soil composition, and health risk were examined. A randomized complete block design was used for the paddy field with three treatments and four replicates. The treatments were (1) river irrigation water with N-P fertilization, (2) reclaimed wastewater irrigation with surface N fertilization, and (3) reclaimed wastewater irrigation without fertilization. The results showed that the total production cost decreased 8.8% and 11.9% by applying the second and third treatments, respectively, compared to the first treatment, without significant differences in the agronomic and rice quality traits. Soil composition showed discrepancies between the 2 years and the three treatments, whereas the pathogens of the reclaimed wastewater and rice tissues posed a low human risk when taking the needed precautions.
authors.affiliation: N.AG.RE.F., Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. frantzis.ssi@nagref.gr
authors.forename: Frantzis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parissopoulos
authors.forename: Aristotelis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zdragas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ntanos
authors.forename: Chara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Metaxa
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D006115:Greece; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil