title: New multifactorial burn resuscitation formula offers superior predictive reliability in comparison to established algorithms.
abstract: The Parkland-Baxter formula is a widely utilized resuscitation guideline for the initial management of fluid deficits in burn victims. Implementation of resuscitation formulas has helped to reduce the incidence of shock and hypovolemic organ failure such as acute renal failure in the setting of burn trauma. However, it has been shown that indiscriminate implementation of these formulas may inappropriately suit individual patient's requirements. In our experience resuscitation by the Parkland formula often forced corrections in order to reach predefined resuscitation goals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Given these findings we felt the need to refine formula based resuscitation strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewing a subset of 81 burn admissions we screened for predictive parameters in addition to total body surface area burned (TBSA burned) and body weight influencing resuscitation volume requirements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using multivariate linear regression analysis (MRA) various parameters were integrated in a stepwise forward mathematical selection procedure resulting in a modified resuscitation formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new formula including body weight, TBSA burned, inhalation injury (IHI), high blood alcohol level (BAL) and a compensating factor for advanced age was set up. The new formula was compared to the original Parkland formula. Both were assessed for predictive reliability (PR(+/-20%)). Using this strategy we were able to improve PR(+/-20%) from 28.4% to 51.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal fluid resuscitation of severe burn victims is a complex clinical challenge. Rigid-formula based resuscitation schemes often fail to match all subtleties of current clinical practice but need to provide a reliable starting point for fluid resuscitation. We demonstrate a new multifactorial formula resulting in a better guide to initial fluid resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery with Burn Unit, City Hospital Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Cologne, Germany. m.benicke@gmx.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benicke
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perbix
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lefering
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knam
authors.forename: Kyros R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ipaktchi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tannapfel
authors.forename: Edmund A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spilker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000465:Algorithms; D000886:Anthropometry; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices