title: The plant TPX2 protein regulates prospindle assembly before nuclear envelope breakdown.
abstract: The Targeting Protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is a central regulator of spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. The absence or excess of TPX2 inhibits spindle formation. We have defined a TPX2 signature motif that is present once in vertebrate sequences but twice in plants. Plant TPX2 is predominantly nuclear during interphase and is actively exported before nuclear envelope breakdown to initiate prospindle assembly. It localizes to the spindle microtubules but not to the interdigitating polar microtubules during anaphase or to the phragmoplast as it is rapidly degraded during telophase. We characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana TPX2-targeting domains and show that the protein is able to rescue microtubule assembly in TPX2-depleted Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Injection of antibodies to TPX2 into living plant cells inhibits the onset of mitosis. These results demonstrate that plant TPX2 already functions before nuclear envelope breakdown. Thus, plants have adapted nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of TPX2 to maintain proper spindle assembly without centrosomes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieuchot
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janski
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergdoll
authors.forename: Dryas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Ronde
authors.forename: Laurent H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sardon
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vernos
authors.forename: Anne-Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schmit
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014981:Xenopus; D028901:alpha Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C535123:TPX2 protein, Arabidopsis; D028901:alpha Karyopherins; C038753:leptomycin B