title: Comparison of threshold irradiances and online dosimetry for selective retina treatment (SRT) in patients treated with 200 nanoseconds and 1.7 microseconds laser pulses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective retina therapy (SRT) solely affecting the RPE while sparing of the photoreceptors is usually performed with a train of repetitive laser pulses of 1.7 microseconds in duration. It was our purpose to evaluate the principle feasibility of SRT with shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with macular disorders [diabetic maculopathy (DMP), geographic atrophy (GA), drusen maculopathy and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR)] were treated with a prototype of a SRT laser (Nd:YLF laser; 527 nm; 1.7 microseconds and 200 nanoseconds pulse duration; 30 pulses at 100 Hz; spot size: 200 microm). Test lesions (n = 175) with increasing energy were applied at the lower arcade to determine the individual angiographic and ophthalmoscopic threshold radiant exposures (therapeutic window) before applying the central treatment lesions within these ranges additionally guided by online optoacoustic measurements. Postoperatively RPE damage was visualized and confirmed by fluorescein angiographic leakage and correlated with optoacoustic results. Additionally ED(50) damage thresholds were calculated by probit analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the short repetitive 200 nanoseconds laser pulses led to retinal hemorrhages or retinal ruptures. Nearly all of the test- and treatment lesions could be visualized by angiography indicating desired RPE damage but were ophthalmoscopically invisible suggesting intact neurosensory retinal structures. ED(50) cell damage threshold energies were significantly lower using 200 nanoseconds (99.6 microJ; n = 122) instead of 1.7 microseconds (196.3 microJ; n = 53) laser pulses. Optoacoustic and angiographic visibility correlated in 83.7% (200 nanoseconds) and 87.5% (1.7 microseconds).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective RPE effects can safely be achieved using shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients without adverse effects to the neurosensory retina. The required pulse energy compared to the standard 1.7 microseconds regime was reduced by about a factor of 2 suggesting a reduced heat generation and flow into adjacent tissues during the shorter laser impact and thus possibly enhancing selectivity. Optoacoustics also seem to be a viable alternative in 200 nanoseconds treatment for a non-invasive online dosimetry control system.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. carsten.framme@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Framme
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prahs
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theisen-Kunde
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011859:Radiography; D011874:Radiometry; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects