title: Comparative cognitive effects of levetiracetam and topiramate in intractable epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) may cause cognitive impairment. Because intractable epilepsy (IE) represents a distinct group, the purpose of the present study was to study the comparative cognitive effects of the two efficacious AED, levetiracetam (LEV) and topiramate (TPM), on IE.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a non-randomized, blinded cognitive assessment and parallel design. The cognitive effects of LEV and TPM on 79 demographically comparable patients with IE were assessed at baseline (T1) and after 1 year of treatment (T2) using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients took TPM and 39 took LEV. At T1, seizure frequency, number of AED, and epilepsy duration were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in cognition between the two groups at T1 or T2. T2 orientation scores were lower than T1 scores in the TPM group (P < 0.05). In the TPM subgroup with T1 cognitive abnormalities, T2 scores for recent memory improved (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with IE, LEV might preserve cognition, TPM's effects for patients with baseline cognitive abnormalities are worth observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. huangcw@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chin-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Chyi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Jing-Jane
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D013624:Taiwan; D000077236:Topiramate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam