title: No effect of an oleoylethanolamide-related phospholipid on satiety and energy intake: a randomised controlled trial of phosphatidylethanolamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a phospholipid which is biosynthesized into long chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a known inhibitor of food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PE-containing lipids can also inhibit intake. This was a 4 treatment intervention where 18 male participants were given a high-fat test breakfast (2.5 MJ, 53 en% fat) containing (i) high-phospholipid, high-PE lipid (ii) high-phospholipid, medium-PE lipid (iii) no-phospholipid, no-PE control lipid or (iv) water control, in a randomised cross-over. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess post-ingestive hunger and satiety, and energy intake (EI) was measured at an ad libitum lunch meal after 3.5 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the water control, the 3 lipid treatments resulted in lower levels of hunger and thoughts of food, greater fullness and satisfaction (all, treatment*time interaction, P<0.001), and a lower EI (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in any of the VAS measures when the 2 PE lipid treatments were compared with no-PE control lipid, nor when medium-PE was compared with high-PE. Unexpectedly participants ate significantly more energy at the lunch meal when the 2 PE lipid treatments (medium-PE:5406 kJ, 334 sem; high-PE:5288 kJ, 244 sem) were compared with the no-PE control lipid (5072 kJ, 262 sem, P<0.05), although there was no dose effect between the medium- and high-PE treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the close relationship of PE with OEA, there was no evidence from this acute study that dietary phospholipids containing PE can favourably modify eating behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, New Zealand. fiona.lithander@tcd.ie
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lithander
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: A-T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: MacGibbon
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Poppitt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D063388:Endocannabinoids; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids; C488250:oleoylethanolamide; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine