An analogue of piperonyl butoxide facilitates the characterisation of metabolic resistance.
BACKGROUND
Previous work has demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) not only inhibits microsomal oxidases but also resistance-associated esterases. The ability to inhibit both major metabolic resistance enzymes makes it an ideal synergist to enhance xenobiotics but negates the ability to differentiate which enzyme group is responsible for conferring resistance.


RESULTS
This study examines an analogue that retains the ability to inhibit esterases but is restricted in its ability to act on microsomal oxidases, thus allowing an informed decision on resistance enzymes to be made when used in conjunction with the parent molecule.


CONCLUSIONS
Using examples of resistant insects with well-characterised resistance mechanisms, a combination of PBO and analogue allows identification of the metabolic mechanism responsible for conferring resistance. The relative potency of PBO as both an esterase inhibitor and an oxidase inhibitor is also discussed.
Moores
Graham D
GD
Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK. graham.moores@bbsrc.ac.uk
Philippou
Despina
D
Borzatta
Valerio
V
Trincia
Paolo
P
Jewess
Philip
P
Gunning
Robin
R
Bingham
Georgina
G
D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004950:Esterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019476:Insect Proteins; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D004950:Esterases; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide