Comparable outcome of alternative donor and matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first or second remission using alemtuzumab in a myeloablative conditioning regimen.
HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) stem cell transplantation can cure>60% of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but <30% of patients will have a sibling donor. Alternative donor (AD) transplantation can be curative but has a higher risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The addition of alemtuzumab (Campath 1-H) to AD transplants produces in vivo T cell depletion, which may reduce the risk for GVHD. We now report the outcome for 83 children with ALL (41 MSD, 42 AD) undergoing stem cell transplantation in first or second complete remission. All patients received myeloablative conditioning, including cyclophosphamide, cytarabine arabinoside, and total-body irradiation, with alemtuzumab administered to AD recipients. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of a calcineurin inhibitor with either short-course methotrexate or prednisone. Disease-free survival (DFS) for MSD recipients was 72.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.4%-83.6%) versus 62.4% (95% CI, 45.2%-75.4%) for AD recipients. The 100-day mortality was 7.1% in the AD group and 2.4% in the MSD group. Relapse rates were identical (24%). Treatment-related mortality, principally viral infection, explained the difference in survival. For children undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) from alternative donors, alemtuzumab with a myeloablative conditioning regimen resulted in DFS comparable to MSD.
Kennedy-Nasser
Alana A
AA
Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. aakenned@txccc.org
Bollard
Catherine M
CM
Myers
G Doug
GD
Leung
Kathryn S
KS
Gottschalk
Stephen
S
Zhang
Yiqun
Y
Liu
Hao
H
Heslop
Helen E
HE
Brenner
Malcolm K
MK
Krance
Robert A
RA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D046148:Donor Selection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000401:mortality; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D009313:National Health Programs; D010677:Philadelphia Chromosome; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014481:United States
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000074323:Alemtuzumab