title: The PAWS score: validation of an early warning scoring system for the initial assessment of children in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To devise a physiology-based scoring system for assessment of children presenting to the emergency department (ED) and to validate the system retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-dependent physiological parameters designed to reflect the cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological status of patients presenting to the ED were included in a scoring system called the Paediatric Advanced Warning Score (PAWS). A retrospective pilot evaluation was performed to validate PAWS.
  
  
  METHODS
  PAWS scores were calculated retrospectively for 46 consecutive children who required admission from the ED to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and for 49 control children who were admitted from the ED to the general paediatric ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  To validate the PAWS score, we determined if this score was able to identify patients who require admission to the PICU and were therefore significantly unwell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PAWS score area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86. Using a trigger score of 3 or above, PAWS was able to identify patients requiring PICU admission with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study has shown that a physiology-based scoring system can help to identify children in the ED requiring PICU admission. Future prospective validation of PAWS is necessary to assess its ability to identify all children in need of urgent assessment in the ED.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear SR4 7TP, UK. paulegdell@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Egdell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pedley
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012372:ROC Curve; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies