title: Engraftment of human hepatocytes in the livers of rats bearing bone marrow reconstructed with immunodeficient mouse bone marrow cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we created, a chimeric mouse (humanized mouse), a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse whose liver was >90% repopulated with human (h)-hepatocytes, which are useful for the testing of drug metabolism and toxicity, as well as a hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-susceptible animal model. However, their small body size and small total blood volume limited the utilization for analytical purposes, which led us to develop a method to create a chimeric rat bearing h-hepatocyte-repopulated liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  F344 nude rats devoid of T cells were irradiated with X-rays and injected with bone marrow cells (BMCs) from SCID mice (m(SCID)). The rate of replacement with m(SCID)-BMCs was evaluated by two-color flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After m(SCID)-BMCs repopulated the host bone marrow (BM), the rats were treated with retrorsine, partially hepatectomized (PHx), and transplanted with 5 x 10(6) h-hepatocytes isolated from the chimeric mice. h-Albumin (h-Alb) concentrations in the host blood and the expression levels of protein and mRNA of hepatocyte differentiation markers in the h-hepatocytes were evaluated by ELISA, immunostaining, and reverse transcription-PCR, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The m(SCID)-BMCs successfully repopulated the rats, the percentage of mouse cells reaching 94% among host (r(nudeF344)) PBMCs at 4 weeks after m-BMC transplantation. h-Hepatocytes isolated from the chimeric mice were transplanted to the liver of the m(SCID)-BMC-repopulated rats. The engrafted h-hepatocytes expressed h-Alb and h-cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes and survived showing normal phenotypes until at least 3 weeks post-h-hepatocytes transplantation (h-HPCT). However, the blood concentrations of h-Alb declined at 4 weeks post-HPCT, concomitant with the emergence of both r(nudeF344)- and m(SCID)-macrophages, suggesting the rejection of h-hepatocytes due to the activation of macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a novel method to create a rat that bears the liver engrafted with h-hepatocytes, utilizing a rat with the BM composed of m(SCID)-BMCs as a host. This h-hepatocyte-bearing rat will be a valuable model for studying the immunologic mechanisms involved in xenogeneic transplantation and for generating rats with higher rates of repopulation with h-hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Chise
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Asato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Utoh
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohdan
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006085:Graft Survival; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011923:Rats, Nude; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012313:RNA