title: The core and accessory genomes of Burkholderia pseudomallei: implications for human melioidosis.
abstract: Natural isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis, can exhibit significant ecological flexibility that is likely reflective of a dynamic genome. Using whole-genome Bp microarrays, we examined patterns of gene presence and absence across 94 South East Asian strains isolated from a variety of clinical, environmental, or animal sources. 86% of the Bp K96243 reference genome was common to all the strains representing the Bp "core genome", comprising genes largely involved in essential functions (eg amino acid metabolism, protein translation). In contrast, 14% of the K96243 genome was variably present across the isolates. This Bp accessory genome encompassed multiple genomic islands (GIs), paralogous genes, and insertions/deletions, including three distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related gene clusters. Strikingly, strains recovered from cases of human melioidosis clustered on a tree based on accessory gene content, and were significantly more likely to harbor certain GIs compared to animal and environmental isolates. Consistent with the inference that the GIs may contribute to pathogenesis, experimental mutation of BPSS2053, a GI gene, reduced microbial adherence to human epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the Bp accessory genome is likely to play an important role in microbial adaptation and virulence.
authors.affiliation: Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Siew Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Yiting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chi Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R Krishna M
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Karuturi
authors.forename: Vanaporn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wuthiekanun
authors.forename: Apichai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuanyok
authors.forename: Hui Hoon
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Sivalingam Suppiah
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paramalingam
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Eng Eong
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feil
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D016957:Burkholderia pseudomallei / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005787:Gene Frequency; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D044404:Genomic Islands; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors