title: Perinatal outcomes among Asian-white interracial couples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether perinatal outcomes among interracial Asian-white couples are different than among Asian-Asian and white-white couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of Asian, white, and Asian-white couples delivered at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital from 2000-2005. Asian-white couples were subdivided into white-mother/Asian-father or Asian-mother/white-father. Perinatal outcomes included gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, birth weight >4000 g and <2500 g, and cesarean delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study population of 868 Asian-white, 3226 Asian, and 5575 white couples there were significant outcome differences. Compared with white couples, Asian-white couples had an increased incidence of gestational diabetes (aOR 2.4 for white-mother/Asian-father and aOR 2.6 for Asian-mother/white-father), though not as high as Asian couples (aOR 4.7). Asian-white couples had larger babies (median 3360 g for Asian-mother/white-father and 3320 g for white-mother/Asian-father vs 3210 g for Asian, P < .001), but only Asian-mother/white-father couples had an increased rate of cesarean delivery (aOR 1.3-2.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences in perinatal outcomes exist between Asian, white, and interracial Asian-white couples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nystrom
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Caughey
authors.forename: Deirdre J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lyell
authors.forename: Maurice L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Druzin
authors.forename: Yasser Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*