title: JNK signaling in apoptosis.
abstract: Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs play a critical role in death receptor-initiated extrinsic as well as mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathways. JNKs activate apoptotic signaling by the upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes through the transactivation of specific transcription factors or by directly modulating the activities of mitochondrial pro- and antiapoptotic proteins through distinct phosphorylation events. This review analyses our present understanding of the role of JNK in apoptotic signaling and the various mechanisms by which JNK promotes apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. danny001@temple.edu
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Dhanasekaran
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4