title: A prevalence of posttransplantation cancers compared with cancers in people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organ transplant recipients and human immunodeficiency virus & acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients have immune deficiencies that are possible mechanisms to develop malignancy. The type of cancers associated with these 2 conditions might elucidate this premise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to compare prevalence and type of cancers between kidney transplant recipients and patients with HIV/AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 344 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from 1973 to 2007 compared them with 863 subjects with HIV/AIDS at the HIV-Netherlands/Australia/Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT) from 1997 to 2007. AIDS-defining cancers were excluded from the analysis. We compared the relative tumor risk with the age- and gender- matched general population of metropolitan Bangkok.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall cancer risk for kidney transplant recipients (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 4.21) was comparable with HIV-infected patients (SIR = 3.88). Uroepithelial cancer was the most prevalent type in kidney transplant recipients, whereas cervical cancer was the most common malignancy in HIV-infected patients. The risks of developing hepatoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were comparable between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney transplant recipients and HIV-infected patients show increased overall risks of certain types of cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srisawat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Praditpornsilpa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiamjarasrangsi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eiam-Ong
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology