title: Metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diabetes: action LADA 3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate whether prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult European diabetic patients is associated with type of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of patients attending hospital-based diabetes clinics were assessed for the frequency of metabolic syndrome and compared with population-based control subjects as part of the Action LADA study. In total, 2,011 subjects (aged 30-70 years) were studied, including 1,247 patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes without glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAs), 117 non-insulin-requiring patients with GADAs who had not received insulin therapy for at least 6 months after diagnosis (designated latent autoimmune diabetes of adults [LADA]), 288 type 1 diabetic patients, and 359 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of metabolic syndrome was significantly different in patients with type 1 diabetes (31.9%) and LADA (41.9%) (P = 0.015) and in both conditions was less frequent than in type 2 diabetic patients (88.8%) (P < 0.0001 for each). Eliminating glucose as a variable, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in patients with autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes and/or LADA) (17.3%) and control subjects (23.7%) but remained more common in type 2 diabetic patients (47.8%) (P = 0.001 for all groups). In both type 1 diabetic patients and those with LADA, individual components of metabolic syndrome were similar but less common than in type 2 diabetic patients (P < 0.0001 for each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in patients with LADA or adults with type 1 diabetes. Excluding glucose as a variable, metabolic syndrome is not more prevalent in patients with autoimmune diabetes than in control subjects. Metabolic syndrome is not a characteristic of autoimmune diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hawa
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thivolet
authors.forename: Didac
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mauricio
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alemanno
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cipponeri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzzetti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Leiva
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: Richard David G
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D049628:Body Size; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides