title: Cerebral glucose metabolism abnormalities in patients with major depressive symptoms in pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease: statistical parametric mapping analysis of F-18-FDG PET, a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebral glucose metabolism in pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease (PDCKD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with stage 5 CKD and 21 healthy volunteers underwent depressive mood assessment and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several voxel clusters of significantly decreased cerebral glucose metabolism were found in PDCKD patients. The largest cluster was left prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area [BA] 9). The second largest cluster was also left prefrontal cortex (BA 9). The third largest clusters were right prefrontal cortex (BA 10) and right basolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46). Other brain areas also showed decreased cerebral glucose metabolism including left anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 32), left premotor cortex (BA 6), left transverse temporal gyrus (BA 41), left superior temporal gyrus (BA 42), right basolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 44), right inferior parietal lobule (BA 39), left middle temporal gyrus (BA 19), and left angular gyrus (BA 39). Hypermetabolized brain areas, however, were not found in PDCKD patients compared to normal controls. For the right orbitofrontal cortex there was a negative correlation of cerebral glucose metabolism with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in PDCKD patients (BA 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDCKD patients with depressive symptoms had decreased cerebral glucose metabolism in several brain areas. For the right orbitofrontal cortex there was a negative correlation with HDRS in PDCKD patients. The present findings provide functional neuroimaging support for abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism in PDCKD patients with depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: In Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Jang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ihm Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Yong-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18