title: Zygomatic fractures managed by closed reduction: an analysis with postoperative computed tomography follow-up evaluating the degree of reduction and remaining dislocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible associations between the degree of reduction, remaining dislocation (mm), fracture type, and the sequelae from which the patient may suffer postoperatively in patients with zygomaticomaxillary fracture managed by closed reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-year retrospective audit was undertaken to identify all patients who had sustained a fractured zygoma and were operated on by closed reduction at the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. Patients were followed up by mail questionnaire and postoperative computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of having symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 4.26, confidence interval [CI] 1.09-18.44) was significantly higher in the group with a reduction less than 100% (n = 34) compared with the group with 100% reduction (n = 17) (P = .035). The odds of having symptoms (OR 9.91, CI 0.89->500) was higher in the group with remaining dislocation 6 to 10 mm compared with the group with no remaining dislocation (P = .069). The type of fracture (A, B, or C) also influenced the patients' postoperative symptoms. The odds of having symptoms was 48.40 (CI 4.60->500) times higher having fracture C compared with fracture A (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of reduction and remaining dislocation of zygomaticomaxillary fractures is important to achieve a good postoperative result, that is, reducing the patient's postoperative symptoms. Furthermore, the type of fracture also influences the patient's long-term sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. birgitta.afgeijerstam@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: af Geijerstam
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hultman
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stjärne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*