title: Bladder surgery as first-line treatment of complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively analyzed our experience to determine the optimum management of complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2003, we reviewed 15 patients treated with bladder surgery for complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele. The associated anomalies were seven vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of the lower pole ureter and one of both poles. All patients had ureterocele (11 intravesical, 4 extravesical) and a functioning upper moiety. Initial treatment was transurethral incision of ureterocele (TUI) (14) or common sheath reimplantation (1). The median follow-up was 30 (13-48) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no requirements for secondary procedures, with a significant improvement or conservation of ipsilateral renal function and no reflux, in 10 patients (67%). Five patients (33%) with ureterocele (1 intravesical, 4 extravesical) who initially underwent TUI required additional operative management due to moderate to severe VUR, recurrent urinary tract infection or decreased function of upper moiety. The secondary operation performed was lower pole nephrectomy with ureteral reimplantation (1), ureteroureterostomy with ureteral reimplantation (2) or common sheath reimplantation (2). One patient who underwent common sheath reimplantation as secondary operation needed a nephrectomy due to breakthrough febrile urinary tract infection and decreased renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUI is recommended as the first-line treatment of complete duplex system with intravesical ureterocele and well-conserved renal function.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunsang
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hyuntae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungkwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung