title: Carbofuran poisoning detected by mass spectrometry of butyrylcholinesterase adduct in human serum.
abstract: Carbofuran is a pesticide whose acute toxicity is due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in plasma is inhibited by carbofuran and serves as a biomarker of poisoning by carbofuran. The goal was to develop a method to positively identify poisoning by carbofuran. Sera from an attempted murder and an attempted suicide were analyzed for the presence of carbofuran adducts on BChE. The BChE from 1 ml of serum was rapidly purified on a 0.2 ml procainamide-Sepharose column. Speed was essential because the carbofuran-BChE adduct decarbamylates with a half-life of about 2 h. The partially purified BChE was boiled to denature the protein, thus stopping decarbamylation and making the protein vulnerable to digestion with trypsin. The labeled peptide was partially purified by HPLC before analysis by LC/MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode on the QTRAP 2000 mass spectrometer. Carbofuran was found to be covalently bound to Ser 198 of human BChE in serum samples from two poisoning cases. Multiple reaction monitoring triggered MS/MS spectra positively identified the carbofuran-BChE adduct. In conclusion a mass spectrometry method to identify carbofuran poisoning in humans has been developed. The method uses 1 ml of serum and detects low-level exposure associated with as little as 20% inhibition of plasma butyrylcholinesterase.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ricordel
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schopfer
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baud
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mégarbane
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maury
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lockridge
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D014357:Trypsin; D002235:Carbofuran