title: Preemptive defensive self-sacrifice by ant workers.
abstract: Worker insects altruistically sacrifice their own reproduction to rear nondescendant kin. This sacrifice reaches its most spectacular level in suicidal colony defense. Suicidal defense, such as when the sting of a honeybee worker embeds in a predator and then breaks off, is normally a facultative response. Here we describe the first example of preemptive self-sacrifice in nest defense. In the Brazilian ant Forelius pusillus, the nest entrance is closed at sunset. One to eight workers finish the job from the outside and, in doing so, sacrifice their lives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pomology and Apiculture, Agricultural University, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tofilski
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Couvillon
authors.forename: Sophie E F
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Evison
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helanterä
authors.forename: Elva J H
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Francis L W
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ratnieks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D009425:Nesting Behavior; D012919:Social Behavior