title: Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer disease.
abstract: This paper discusses the various pharmacological and behavioral treatments for the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). The medications that are currently FDA-approved for the treatment of the cognitive/functional deficits of AD will first be discussed. Next, neuropsychiatric behavioral disturbances, including hallucinations and delusions, agitation and aggression, activity disturbances, depression, and anxiety will be described along with treatment interventions. Sleep disturbance and its treatment in AD and the issue of fitness to drive a motor vehicle are also reviewed. Principles of behavioral management, tips for communication, and recommendations for caregivers are discussed. Lastly, risk and protective factors and their relevance to delaying the expression of dementia are also examined.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA. rzec@siumed.edu
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zec
authors.forename: Nicole R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Burkett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003702:Delusions / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy