title: Ethanol physiology in the warehouse-staining fungus, Baudoinia compniacensis.
abstract: The fungus Baudoinia compniacensis colonizes the exterior surfaces of a range of materials, such as buildings, outdoor furnishings, fences, signs, and vegetation, in regions subject to periodic exposure to low levels of ethanol vapour, such as those in the vicinity of distillery aging warehouses and commercial bakeries. Here we investigated the basis of ethanol metabolism in Baudoinia and investigate the role of ethanol in cell germination and growth. Germination of mycelia of Baudoinia was enhanced by up to roughly 1d exposure to low ethanol concentrations, optimally 10ppm when delivered in vapour form and 5mm in liquid form. However, growth was strongly inhibited following exposure to higher ethanol concentrations for shorter durations (e.g., 1.7m for 6h). We found that ethanol was catabolized into central metabolism via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ACDH). Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) were active in cells grown on glucose, but these enzymes were not expressed when ethanol was provided as a sole or companion carbon source. The glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS) activities observed in cells grown on acetate were comparable to those reported for other microorganisms. By replenishing tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, it is likely that the functionality of the glyoxylate cycle is important in the establishment of luxuriant growth of Baudoinia compniacensis on ethanol-exposed, nutrient-deprived, exposed surfaces. In other fungi, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ADH II catalyses the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, which then can be metabolized via the TCA cycle. ADH II is known to be strongly repressed in the presence of glucose.
authors.affiliation: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Juliet O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ewaze
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Summerbell
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000431:Ethanol; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C018699:aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)