Assessment of enamel damage after removal of ceramic brackets.
BACKGROUND
Since the introduction of ceramic brackets, research has been performed to evaluate enamel damage caused during their removal. One problem in comparing treated and control groups is the absence of assurance that the surfaces were undamaged before the brackets were bonded and debonded, or that superficial treatment applied to the enamel could hinder damage detection. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate enamel injuries during debonding of 3 types of ceramic brackets.


METHODS
Forty-five premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were divided into 3 groups of 15. The enamel surfaces were photographed with a magnifying loupe (60 times) in an optical stereomicroscope (Stemi 2000-C, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with a digital camera. A different type of backet was bonded and debonded in each group: mechanical retention, mechanical retention with a polymer base, and chemical retention. After debonding, the surfaces were again photographed. The photographs were evaluated for quality of enamel surface according to a predetermined scale. The results were tested by method error and the chi-square test.


RESULTS
The damage evaluation comparing the same surface before bonding and after debonding showed no significant statistical difference between the mechanical retention group and the polymer base retention group. There was a significant statistical difference (P <0.05) for the chemical adhesion ceramic bracket group.


CONCLUSIONS
The difference between the enamel surfaces before bonding and after debonding brackets with chemical retention was statistically significant; bonding and debonding these brackets resulted in enamel damage.
Kitahara-Céia
Flávia Mitiko Fernandes
FM
Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. flaviamitiko@yahoo.com.br
Mucha
José Nelson
JN
Marques dos Santos
Paulo Acioly
PA
D000269:Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects; D002516:Ceramics; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000293:injuries*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets
D000269:Adhesives