title: Blockade of the acquisition, but not expression, of associative learning by pre-session intra-amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two issues were addressed regarding the effects of amygdala dopamine manipulations on associative learning: first, an apparent contradiction between the effects of post- vs. pre-session dopaminergic manipulations and second, the ability of dopaminergic infusions to affect association formation vs. its expression following extended training.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The ability of pre-session infusions of a dopamine receptor agonist (R(+) 7-OH-DPAT) to inhibit acquisition of a conditioned approach response was examined and compared with the same manipulation following overtraining. Further experiments extended these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1 infused pre-session intra-amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT (0, 0.1, 1 nmol) during conditioned approach acquisition. Experiment 2 applied pre-session intra-amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 nmol) during expression of the same response, once well learned. Experiment 3 required the inhibition of a conditioned approach response following unconditioned stimulus (US) removal. Experiment 4 examined the ability of animals with prior drug experience to acquire a conditioned response to a novel stimulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments 1-3 showed that pre-session amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT impaired acquisition of either excitatory or inhibitory conditioned responding, but was ineffective following overtraining. Drug-induced impairments in acquisition of a specific conditioned stimulus (CS)-US relationship continued well beyond the cessation of drug treatment, but were found not to transfer to an alternate CS in Experiment 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-session dopamine receptor activation within the amygdala may impair the acquisition, but not expression, of CS-US associations. Enhanced learning reported earlier following post-session dopamine receptor activation may occur indirectly through reduced interference with the consolidation of recent learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. g.phillips@psych.york.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gavin D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hitchcott
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C031349:7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin; D004298:Dopamine