title: Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as an alternative to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the management of urolithiasis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2003-2005 we operated on 20 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Extensive follow-up tests were performed in all patients; stone clearance was defined as the absence of residual fragments on plain abdominal X-ray and renal ultrasound. Pain-scale ruler (0-10) was used to evaluate pain postoperatively. Comparison was made with a group of 10 patients with very similar criteria operated upon with PCN tube.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up period was 9 months (3-18 months) and mean age 7.5 years (4-15 years). Mean operative time was 115 min (45-180) with no significant bleeding intra- or postoperatively. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in one case. There were no major perioperative complications. In the tubeless group the pain score was 3-6 (mean 4.6), there was no need for IV analgesia, and median hospital stay was 1.7 days (1-4 days); urine leakage occurred in one patient. In the group with PCN tube the pain score was 5-8 (mean 5.5), IV analgesia was mandatory in four patients, and median hospital stay was 2.8 days (3-4 days); urine leakage occurred in five patients and a small residual stone was detected in one child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tubeless PCNL in children has the advantages of being less painful, less troublesome and shortening the hospital stay of the child. The decision to use this procedure is best made intraoperatively and depends on the experience of the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Urosurgery, Kasr el Einy Hospital, PO Box 247, Giza, Cairo 12515, Egypt. dr_hosni@yahoo.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khairy Salem
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Morsi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omran
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Daw