title: Interleukin-1 and ischemic brain injury in the newborn: development of a small molecule inhibitor of IL-1 receptor.
abstract: Inflammation participates in the genesis and progression of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Interleukin (IL)-1 is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, which plays a dominant role in hypoxic-ischemic (and postinfectious) brain damage. Abundant evidence reveals the principal involvement of IL-1 over other pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1 interacts with the IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI). The natural IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a large 17.5-kDa peptide that competes with IL-1 for its binding site on IL-1RI. Recombinant IL-1ra (Kineret) is effective in human inflammatory conditions. However, a number of drawbacks of IL-1ra limit its broader use; these include injection site reactions [70%], broad immunosuppression, and high costs. We hereby report the characterization of a small (peptide) IL-1RI antagonist we developed, namely rytvela (termed 101.10), and its efficacy in models of (gut) inflammation and of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Experiments reveal that 101.10 is selective for the IL-1RI and inhibits to a variable extent different effects induced by IL-1. 101.10 is effective in vivo (on systemic as well as oral administration) in established models of inflammation involving IL-1, notably in inflammatory bowel disease, and is superior to dexamethasone. In a rat pup model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (Rice-Vannucci model), where IL-1 and IL-1R expression is increased, 101.10 preserved microvascular density, parenchymal integrity, and brain mass. In conclusion, we hereby describe for the first time the discovery of a stable, potent, and effective specific IL-1RI small (peptide) antagonist, namely 101.10 (rytvela), which exhibits allosteric modulatory properties, and is effective in vivo in models of inflammation (known to involve IL-1) and in particular in hypoxic-ischemic newborn brain injury. 101.10 (and small alike compounds) may be suitable alternatives to IL-1ra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Hôpital Ste Justine, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, CA.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quiniou
authors.forename: Emna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kooli
authors.forename: Jean-Sébastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Joyal
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sapieha
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sennlaub
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lahaie
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lubell
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chemtob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C529594:101.10 peptide; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010455:Peptides; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1