title: Cryptotanshinone protects primary rat cortical neurons from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity via the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
abstract: Excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal death and is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, cryptotanshinone, an active ingredient from a Chinese plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza, was investigated to assess its neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Cryptotanshinone reversed glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity, which was characterized by decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, neuronal DNA condensation, and the alteration of the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. The neuroprotective effects of cryptotanshinone could be blocked by LY294002 and wortmannin, two inhibitors of PI3K. The importance of the PI3K pathway was further confirmed by the activation of Akt and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 by cryptotanshinone in a PI3K-dependent manner. These results suggest that cryptotanshinone protects primary cortical neurons from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Such neuroprotective effects may be of interest in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Rongbiao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Zhengrong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Yingxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shaorui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peiqing
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009025:Morpholines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C037886:cryptotanshinone