title: Innate immunity and myocardial adaptation to ischemia.
abstract: Myocardial adaptation to ischemia in the form of ischemic preconditioning is clinically attractive, but not directly usable until molecular mimics are discovered. A growing body of evidence indicates that events underlying myocardial adaptation to ischemia may either involve, or be parallel to, signaling of the innate immune response. Preconditioning-like protection of the heart can be evoked through giving cytokines or fragments of bacterial walls. A possible role for cytokines, toll-like receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B for evoking ischemic preconditioning are discussed. Through stimulating innate immunity, there is potential to bring preconditioning into the clinics in a reasonable time frame. The possibility that the underlying protective response may involve adaptive immunity through danger signaling is briefly reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanne Støre
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Valeur
authors.forename: Guro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valen
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000009:adverse effects; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha