title: Control of the mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), with plant extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most serious insect pest problems affecting the cultivation of mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] in Turkey are mushroom flies (sciarids, cecids and phorids). Mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), is the most common insect pest species during April-October. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for eight botanical materials (two commercial neem-based products and six hot-water plant extracts) to control M. halterata populations in three successive growing periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment efficacy was evaluated by assessing adult emergence and sporophore damage rates compared with that of a standard insecticide, chlorpyrifos-ethyl (positive control). All plant extracts caused significant reductions in the mean number of emerging adults and sporophore damage rates compared with the water-treated control (negative control). Reduction in adult emergence in both neem treatments, Neemazal and Greeneem oil, was greater than that in the positive control. While Neemazal and Origanum onites L. extract had significantly lower sporophore damage rates than the positive control, there were no significant differences between the chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Greeneem oil and Pimpinella anisum L. extract treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that both neem products and hot-water extracts of O. onites and P. anisum may be potential alternatives to conventional pesticides for the control of mushroom phorid fly.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey. erler@akdeniz
authors.forename: Fedai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erdemir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D028042:Pimpinella / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005989:Glycerides; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C002443:neem oil