title: What do we mean by 'replication' and 'validation' in genome-wide association studies?
abstract: It has been acknowledged that results from genome-wide association studies need to be reproduced in further independent samples. This includes both aspects of replication and validation. Although often used interchangeably, both of these terms have a specific unique meaning and are not synonyms. Based on a number of applications from the literature producing a certain amount of confusion, our aim therefore is to clarify the definition of 'replication' and 'validation' and propose standards of their usage.
authors.affiliation: Institut fur Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universitat zu Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd-Wolfgang
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Igl
authors.forename: Inke R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Konig
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D015894:Genome, Human; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic