title: Proportionate mortality study of the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined causes of deaths among unionized plumbers, pipefitters and allied trades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deaths of union members from the years 1971, 1979, 1987, and 1995 were selected as a representative sample from a computer file provided by the union. These years provided 15,411 deaths for proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMRs for lung cancer and asbestosis were significantly elevated compared to U.S. white males. PMRs for chronic disease of the endocardium and cardiomyopathy were also elevated. Elevations were not observed in other a priori causes: laryngeal cancer, lymphatic cancer, and neurological disorders. PMRs for transportation accidents for pipe/steam-fitters were elevated in 1971 and 1979, but not in 1987 or 1995.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limitations of a PMR analysis, study results indicate mortality related to asbestos exposure is, and will continue to be, an area of concern for members of the union.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. elehman@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Everett J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Misty J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Cheryl F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Estill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001195:Asbestosis / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D015984:Causality; D002423:Cause of Death; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007750:Labor Unions; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult