title: Cognitive-behavioral stress management training for boys with functional urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an inpatient education program involving cognitive-behavioral stress management training of boys (aged 8-12 years) with functional urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The short- and long-term intervention effects of the new program on incontinence frequency, quality of life, and coping with daily and illness-related stressors were investigated in 15 boys, compared to 10 boys on a more knowledge-oriented education program without stress management. The efficacy was evaluated by non-parametric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups daytime wetting decreased while adaptive coping with daily stressors increased. Only the boys in the experimental group improved their wetting frequency during the night, maladaptive coping with illness-related stressors, and self-esteem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress management training should be incorporated in patient education programs to enhance coping of children with illness-related stressors and low self-esteem.
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Grazer Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stauber
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petermann
authors.forename: Hannsjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hampel