title: Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern treatment era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary arterial hypertension in association with connective tissue disease (CTD-PAH) has historically had a poor prognosis, with a 1-year survival rate among patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) of 45%. However, more therapies have become available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the survival and characteristics of all patients diagnosed with CTD-PAH in the U.K. pulmonary hypertension service.
  
  
  METHODS
  National registry of all incident cases of CTD-PAH diagnosed consecutively between January 2001 and June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CTD-PAH (429; 73% SSc-PAH) were diagnosed by a catheter-based approach. One- and 3-year survival rates were 78 and 47% for patients with isolated SSc-PAH. Survival was worse for those with respiratory disease-associated SSc-PAH (3-yr survival, 28%; P = 0.005) whereas survival among patients with exercise-induced SSc-PAH was superior (3-yr survival, 86%; P = < 0.001). Age, sex, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and World Health Organization functional class were independent predictors of survival in isolated SSc-PAH. Nineteen percent of patients with exercise-induced SSc-PAH and 39% of patients with isolated SSc-PAH who were in functional classes I and II had evidence of disease progression. The prevalence of diagnosed SSc-PAH is 2.93 per 1 million. The 3-year survival rate of 75% for those with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-PAH) was significantly better than that for patients with SSc-PAH (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of patients with SSc-PAH in the modern treatment era is better than in historical series. A significant proportion of patients with mild functional impairment or exercise-induced SSc-PAH have evidence of disease progression. Survival of patients with respiratory disease-associated pulmonary hypertension is inferior. SLE-PAH has a better prognosis than SSc-PAH.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Condliffe
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Corris
authors.forename: J Simon R
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Florenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vrapi
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Charlie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeSoyza
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torpy
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pepke-Zaba
authors.forename: J Gerry
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coghlan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications; D015996:Survival Rate; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology