title: Associations between multiple environmental exposures and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 on persistent wheezing in a birth cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of environmental exposures (diesel exhaust particle [DEP], environmental tobacco smoke [ETS], and mold) that may contribute to oxidative stress on persistent wheezing in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) birth cohort and to determine how the impact of these exposures is modified by the GST-P1 Ile105Val polymorphism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A land-use regression model was used to derive an estimate of each child's DEP exposure. ETS exposure was determined by questionnaire data. Each child's home was evaluated for visible mold by a trained professional. Children in the CCAAPS cohort were genotyped for the GST-P1 polymorphism (n = 570). Persistent wheezing was defined as wheezing at both 12 and 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High DEP exposure conferred increased risk for wheezing phenotypes but only among the Val(105) allele carriers. Infants with multiple exposures were significantly more likely to persistently wheeze despite their genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence for an environmental effect of DEP among carriers of the GST-P1 Val(105) allele in the development of persistent wheezing in children. The protective effect of the GST-P1 Ile(105) genotype may be overwhelmed by multiple environmental exposures that converge on oxidative stress pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Schroer
authors.forename: Jocelyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Biagini Myers
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Grace K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: LeMasters
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villareal
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reponen
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinshpun
authors.forename: Gurjit K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Khurana Hershey
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi