title: Is there a role for second-look capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding after a nondiagnostic first test?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term follow-up data on patients with obscure GI bleeding subjected to capsule endoscopy (CE) are missing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to follow up patients with a nondiagnostic test and determine whether a second-look CE would be beneficial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 293 subjects. CE studies were classified as diagnostic (positive findings) or nondiagnostic (findings of uncertain significance/no findings). Patients were followed up for a mean (SD) 24.8 (5.2) months. Outcome was defined as continued or complete resolution of bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a nondiagnostic test were subjected to a repeat CE if they manifested a new bleeding episode or a drop in hemoglobin >or=2 g/dL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive findings, findings of uncertain significance, and no findings were identified in 41.6%, 16.0%, and 42.3% of our patients, respectively. Therapeutic intervention was possible in 72.1% of those with positive findings and in 30% of those with findings of uncertain significance. Complete resolution of bleeding occurred more often in patients with a diagnostic test (65.2%) compared with those with a nondiagnostic test (35.4%, P < .001). Second-look CE was performed in a subgroup of our patients (n = 76) and was diagnostic in those whose presentation changed from occult to overt or those whose hemoglobin dropped >or=4 g/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with obscure GI bleeding, a diagnostic CE leads to therapeutic interventions and a favorable outcome. Patients with a nondiagnostic test would definitely benefit from a second-look CE if the bleeding presentation changes from occult to overt or if the hemoglobin value drops >or=4 g/dL.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece. Nikos.Viazis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viazis
authors.forename: Kostis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papaxoinis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlachogiannakos
authors.forename: Alkiviadis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efthymiou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Karamanolis
mesh_terms: D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results