title: JC virus infection in colorectal neoplasia that develops after liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver transplant recepients (LTRs) have an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. The mechanism responsible for this is unknown. JCV encodes for TAg and has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that the use of immunosuppression in LTRs facilitates activation of JCV and is responsible for the increased risk of neoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  JCV TAg DNA and protein expression were determined in normal colonic epithelium (n = 15) and adenomatous polyps (n = 26) from LTRs and compared with tissue samples from control patients (normal colon, n = 21; adenomas, n = 40). Apoptosis and proliferation were determined by M30 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  JCV TAg DNA was found in 10 of 15 (67%) of normal colonic mucosa from LTRs compared with 5 of 21 (24%) of control normal mucosa (P = 0.025). JCV TAg DNA was detected in 16 of 26 (62%) of the adenomas from LTRs and in 20 of 40 (50%) of control adenomas. JCV TAg protein was expressed in 13 of 26 (50%) adenomas from LTRs versus 2 of 40 (5%) of adenomas from controls (P < 0.001). In adenomas from LTRs, the mean proliferative activity was higher compared with controls (60.3 +/- 3.2% versus 42.7 +/- 2.8%, P < 0.001), whereas mean apoptotic indices were lower in LTRs (0.29 +/- 0.08% versus 0.39 +/- 0.06%, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of JCV in the colorectal mucosa and adenomas from LTRs, in concert with the use of immunosuppressive agents, suggests that JCV may undergo reactivation, and the subsequent TAg protein expression might explain the increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in LTRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selgrad
authors.forename: Jan Jacob
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koornstra
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Marloes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Devol
authors.forename: Wytske
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boersma-van Ek
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Verdonk
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Sharenda L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Haagsma
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ricciardiello
authors.forename: C Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boland
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D018256:Adenomatous Polyps / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007577:JC Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011379:Prognosis; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014775:Virus Activation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral