title: Gender and attention deficits in children diagnosed with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A portion of children are born with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Most present with significant difficulties in attention, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common psychiatric co-morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study will describe behavioral and executive functioning (EF) deficits in attention in a group of children with FASD. Effects of gender and ADHD diagnosis will be explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing data from the University of Minnesota's Pediatric Psychology clinic was utilized. Of 191 children with FASD in the database, 36 children (ages 6-16) had complete scores on measures of behavioral and EF attention deficits. Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA) were used to examine the impact of gender and ADHD diagnosis on behavioral checklist scores and on a variety of EF measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FASD males were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD (68%) than FASD females (29%). No impact of gender or diagnosis was found for behavioral measures of attention, but an interaction of gender and diagnosis emerged for EF. Females with ADHD evidenced deficits in EF compared to females without ADHD. However, males with ADHD performed better on measures of EF than their non-ADHD counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ADHD diagnosis in FASD children needs to be reconsidered, especially for males.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Dept. of Psychiatry, New York, New York, USA. leherms@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Pi-Nian
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors