title: Horseshoe kidney: retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.
abstract: The ideal approach for nephrectomy in the child with horseshoe kidney is debatable. We present two such children who underwent nephrectomy by a retroperitoneoscopic approach. Recognition of its anatomical variation is essential in the management of horseshoe kidney. Surgery is high risk, even using a traditional open procedure, because loss of the remaining half of the kidney is catastrophic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. lakshmi.sundararajan@bch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sundararajan
authors.forename: Prasoon V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandran