title: Endometrial thickness dynamics and morphologic characteristics during pituitary downregulation with antagonists in assisted reproductive technology cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the dynamics of endometrial stripe thickness during gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist pituitary downregulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles are related to implantation and pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study evaluated 115 conventional IVF/ICSI cycles. All patients underwent ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins and the GnRH antagonist ganirelix acetate. The endometrial stripe was measured transvaginally daily from the day of initial GnRH antagonist administration to the day of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and then transabdominally on the day of embryo transfer. We created 5 categories (0-4) of endometrial thickness variation, considering significant a daily variation of 1.5 mm. Our aim was to predict whether the endometrial thickness dynamics or morphologic characteristics were related to the duration of ovarian stimulation, duration of ganirelix use, or estradiol levels during ovarian stimulation and whether they would influence implantation and pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No relationship was found between the duration of ovarian stimulation, duration of ganirelix use, and estradiol level (expressed as the area under the curve), and endometrial thickness dynamics or morphologic characteristics. Despite a thinner endometrial thickness in 37% of the cycles on the day of the hCG trigger compared with the beginning of GnRH antagonist stimulation, there was no correlation between endometrial dynamics and pregnancy outcomes. There was, instead, a positive relationship between a trilaminar endometrial morphologic pattern with a positive pregnancy test result, successful implantation, and ongoing pregnancy (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a net decrease in thickness in almost 50% of cases, endometrial dynamics did not correlate with pregnancy outcomes. Conversely, a trilaminar endometrial morphologic pattern on the day of embryo transfer was positively related to pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. ldetti@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Detti
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Yelian
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Puscheck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005299:Fertility Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005299:Fertility Agents; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C061018:ganirelix