title: [A potential contribution of virtual slides and automatic image processing to the estimation of the vascularization of cranial sutures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determining age at the time of death is a difficult problem in forensic practice. The study of the vascularization of cranial sutures is an original approach, which may mark the process of synostosis associated with aging. Counting sections of blood vessels on a histological section of cranial suture, raises however a number of practical problems related to the quality of the preparation and to the method of quantification. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the potential contribution of an automatic analysis of virtual slides to overcome these problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed method of analysis is illustrated from three samples of frontosphenoidal suture whose vessels were immunostained after decalcification of bone tissue. A high resolution image (x 20 objective and microscopic resolution of 0.5 microm) of each microscopic preparation was acquired through a microscopic scanning device. The automatic image analysis protocol takes advantage of a processing of virtual slides at two resolutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chosen strategy ensures the identification of the specific area of interest, the enumeration of blood vessel sections on the whole preparation and the visual control of the detected structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative estimate of the vascularization of a large structure, such as a cranial suture, can benefit from scanning and fully automatic processing of virtual slides. The automatic analysis requires however an optimal preparation of tissues; decalcification and immunohistochemical staining must be done with great care.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine légale, hôpital Lapeyronnie, CHU de Montpellier, 371 avenue du Doyen-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex, France. a-dorandeu@chu-montpellier.fr
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorandeu
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plancoulaine
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Léonetti
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herlin
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002114:Calcinosis; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology; D014584:User-Computer Interface