title: Effects of Ile164 polymorphism of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene on coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the relationship between beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (B2AR) Ile164 polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  B2ARs are crucial to the regulation of vascular tone, and neoangiogenesis is impaired in the presence of isoleucine at position 164 (Ile164) B2AR gene polymorphism. No data deal with the role of the variants at position 164 of the B2AR gene in the setting of CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 330 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ile164 polymorphism frequency was higher in CAD (12.1% vs. 3%, p = 0.008) with respect to the control population. We divided our population into 2 groups: group 1 (290 patients, threonine/threonine genotype at position 164 [164Thr/Thr]) and group 2 (40 patients, threonine/isoleucine genotype at position 164 [164Thr/Ile]). Patients of group 2 presented an earlier onset of CAD (56.7 +/- 7.8 vs. 59.5 +/- 10, p = 0.04) and a higher incidence of multivessel disease (25.4% vs. 41%, p = 0.044). At follow-up, group 2 showed a higher incidence of new acute myocardial infarction (17.5% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.001), new PCI (37.5% vs. 13.1%, p < 0.0001), and cardiac death (10% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.036). Cox regression analysis identified Ile164 as an independent predictor of cardiac death (odds ratio [OR]: 3.731, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004 to 13.867, p = 0.049) and an overall major adverse cardiac event (OR: 4.100, 95% CI: 1.945 to 8.640, p = 0.0001). A replication study was done on a population of 150 patients with peripheral artery disease. The presence of the Ile164 allele was associated with a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (54.5% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.035) or combined events (acute myocardial infarction, PCI, or coronary artery bypass graft) (63.6% vs. 30.9%, p = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that the B2AR Ile164 mutant is associated with a more aggressive CAD and adversely affects prognosis in patients undergoing PCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunology Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy. piscione@unina.it
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscione
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iaccarino
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: Ersilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
authors.forename: Maria Assunta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brevetti
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccolo
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiariello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D007532:Isoleucine