title: Venous air embolism during surgery, especially cesarean delivery.
abstract: Venous air embolism (VAE) is the entrapment of air or medical gases into the venous system causing symptoms and signs of pulmonary vessel obstruction. The incidence of VAE during cesarean delivery ranges from 10 to 97% depending on surgical position or diagnostic tools, with a potential for life-threatening events. We reviewed extensive literatures regarding VAE in detail and herein described VAE during surgery including cesarean delivery from background and history to treatment and prevention. It is intended that present work will improve the understanding of VAE during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ja-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Seo Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ki Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods