title: Temporary cardiac pacing for fatal arrhythmia in living-donor liver transplantation: three case reports.
abstract: Cardiac pacing often turns out to be the only effective treatment of severe, life-threatening arrhythmias. We performed 77 living-donor liver transplantations (LDLT) from 1999 to 2007. In these cases, three recipients experienced fatal arrhythmia and required temporary cardiac pacing during the perioperative period. The first case was a 68-year-old woman diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Her Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 34. We performed LDLT using a right lobe graft. She showed complete atrioventricular block with cardiac arrest at postoperative day (POD) 42 after a bacterial infection. We performed a resuscitation and instituted temporary cardiac pacing. However, she was dead at POD 43. Pathologic findings at autopsy showed a diffuse myocardial abscess, which caused the fatal arrhythmia. The second case was a 58-year-old man diagnosed with HCC and liver cirrhosis; his MELD score was 9. We performed LDLT using a right lobe graft. He showed atrial fibrillation after septic shock. He also showed sinus bradycardia with a cardiac arrest at POD 10. We performed resuscitation and emergent temporary pacing. He recovered and was alive without recurrence of arrhythmia or infection. The third case was a 58-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple HCC. During preoperative regular check-up, she was diagnosed to have cardiac hypertrophy and was started on beta-blockers as treatment for cardiac hypertrophy. However, severe bradycardia necessitated temporary cardiac pacing. LDLT was performed safely after implantation of a pacemaker. Early use of temporary cardiac pacing for severe arrhythmias may be effective to maintain the hemodynamic state in LDLT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012151:Resuscitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome