On the fate of LAS, NPEOs and DEHP in municipal sewage sludge during composting.
The fate of hydrophobic xenobiotic pollutants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) during sewage sludge composting was addressed in this work. The experiments were conducted in a fully automated in-vessel autothermal composting system which was fed with a mixture of primary and secondary sludge and manure. The mixture composition was determined to achieve satisfactory humidity, C/N ratio and free air space (FAS). The effect of various parameters, such as the initial xenobiotic concentration, the presence of multiple xenobiotic compounds and the temperature of composting material sustained during the process on the xenobiotics biodegradation kinetics was investigated. It was generally established that significant xenobiotic reduction is achievable through composting under all conditions tested. According to the obtained results, the presence of LAS, NPEO and DEHP even at higher concentrations was not inhibitory to the bioprocess. However, the presence of multiple xenobiotic compounds such as NPEO, NP and DEHP in the sludge can influence LAS removal during LAS composting.
Pakou
Constantina
C
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Street, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Kornaros
Michael
M
Stamatelatou
Katerina
K
Lyberatos
Gerasimos
G
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002947:Cities; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D013696:Temperature; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000737:chemistry
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D015262:Xenobiotics; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C021754:terics; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D010100:Oxygen