title: Management of rectal injuries sustained during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on a treatment algorithm for the management of rectal injures. Rectal injuries during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) are rare. In the first 200 cases of LRP performed at our institution, 2 (1%) rectal injuries occurred. Our experience prompted collaboration with our colorectal surgery colleagues to develop a treatment algorithm for the management of such injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on the management of rectal injuries sustained during LRP at our institution. We describe the intraoperative laparoscopic repair of a rectal tear using a 2-layer interrupted closure with absorbable suture. The conservative, nonoperative, management of a rectourethral fistula in a patient who presented after LRP is also described. Collaboration with our colorectal surgery colleagues resulted in the formulation of a treatment algorithm for intraoperative and postoperative presentations of rectal injury during LRP. The algorithm is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the first 200 cases of LRP at our institution 2 (1%) were complicated by rectal injury. Injuries recognized intraoperatively should be managed laparoscopically if the operating surgeon is adept at intracorporeal suturing. Small rectourethral fistulas can be managed conservatively with urinary catheterization or diversion and antibiotics as needed. Rarely, rectal injuries sustained during LRP will require fecal diversion; injuries that fail to heal despite fecal diversion require operative repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rectal injuries incurred during LRP are rare but must be managed successfully to minimize morbidity. Rectal tears recognized intraoperatively can be managed laparoscopically. The development of a rectourethral fistula is a potential complication of LRP. Most fistulas can be managed conservatively with urinary catheterization or diversion. Rarely, rectal injuries that occur during LRP require fecal diversion or definitive operative repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: Viet Q
authors.initials: VQ
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Sherif R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Aboseif
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bellman
authors.forename: Maher A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies