title: Foliar spray of validamycin a or validoxylamine a controls tomato fusarium wilt.
abstract: ABSTRACT Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (>/=10 mug/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA at 100 mug/ml lasted for 64 days. Plants sprayed with VMA or VAA accumulated salicylic acid and had elevated expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes P4 (PR-1), Tag (PR-2), and NP24 (PR-5). Foliar spray of VMA also controlled late blight and powdery mildew of tomato. The disease control by VMA and VAA lasted up to 64 days after treatment, was broad spectrum, and induced the expression of PR genes, all essential indicators of SAR, suggesting that VMA and VAA are plant activators. The foliar application of plant activators is a novel control method for soilborne diseases and may provide an economically feasible alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirouzu
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashita
authors.forename: Han-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teraoka
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arie