title: Y chromosome haplotypes and prostate cancer in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Certain Y-chromosomal lineages have been suggested to predispose individuals to prostate cancer in the Japanese population; in other ethnic groups, however, the importance of the Y chromosome is poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the possible Y-chromosomal contribution to prostate cancer risk and prognosis, we analyzed five binary Y-chromosomal markers in 1,447 prostate cancer cases and 983 population controls from the Swedish population. Together, these five markers capture the vast majority of chromosome Y haplogroup diversity in the Swedish population. Individual lineages were tested for association with both prostate cancer risk and cancer-specific death. We replicated observed associations in an independent Swedish prostate cancer case-control study comprising 1,452 cases and 779 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One rare lineage (I1c) was associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR), 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-5.8; P = 0.001]. However, confirmatory analysis of this lineage in the independent case-control study revealed no association with prostate cancer risk (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.4-1.2, P = 0.17). We observed no association between chromosome Y variation and prostate cancer-specific death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides strong evidence against an important role of the Y chromosome in the initiation or outcome of prostate cancer in the Swedish population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Oncologic Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. slindstr@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiklund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen