title: Domain-specific regulation of foxP2 CNS expression by lef1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  FOXP2 is a forkhead transcription factor critical for normal development of language in humans, but little is known of its broader function and regulation during central nervous system (CNS) development. We report here that lef1, a member of the Lef/Tcf family of transcription factors activated by Wnt signaling, regulates foxP2 during embryogenesis, and we isolate novel foxP2 enhancers which are lef1-dependent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss, knock down, or inhibition of lef1 led to loss of foxP2 expression. We isolated DNA fragments from the foxP2 genomic region that function as enhancers to drive GFP expression in the CNS during development, including in the telencephalon, diencephalon, eye, tectum, and hindbrain. Three of these enhancers, foxP2-enhancerA.1, foxP2-enhancerB, and foxP2-enhancerD, contain putative Lef1 binding sites, and are regulated by lef1. However, two other genomic fragments containing Lef1 sites failed to function in vivo as enhancers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that Lef1 binds to sites in foxP2-enhancerA.1 and foxP2-enhancerB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work shows that lef1 is necessary for expression of foxP2 in the tectum, mid-hindbrain boundary, and hindbrain during CNS development, and is the first insight into the upstream regulation of foxP2 during development. We also demonstrate that in silico prediction of potential lef1 binding sites poorly predicts their ability to function in vivo as enhancers. The foxP2 enhancers we identified will allow dissection of foxP2's role during CNS development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA. joshua.bonkowsky@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bonkowsky
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Dorsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C506553:FoxP2 protein, zebrafish; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins