title: Modulation of operational lung volumes with the use of salbutamol in COPD patients accomplishing upper limbs exercise tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary dynamic hyperinflation (DH) is an important factor limiting the physical capacity of patients with COPD. Inhaled bronchodilator should be able to reduce DH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure DH in COPD patients during upper limbs exercise tests with previous use of bronchodilator or placebo, and to evaluate the respiratory pattern to justify the dynamics of hyperinflation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inspiratory capacity (IC) of 16 patients with COPD (age: 63+/- 13 years; FEV(1) of 1.5+/-0.7 L-41+/-11% predicted) was measured before and after an incremental arm exercise test (diagonal technique) with randomly and double-blinded inhaled placebo or salbutamol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rest IC increased from 2.32+/-0.44 L to 2.54+/-0.39 L after inhalation of 400 mcg of salbutamol (p=0.0012). There was a decrease in the IC after a maximal incremental arm exercise test, 222+/-158 ml (p=0.001) with placebo use, but no change was seen after the salbutamol use: 104+/-205 ml (p=0.41); 62% of the patients presented a 10% or more reduction in the IC after the exercise with placebo. There was a correlation between DH and lower FEV(1)/FVC (p=0.0067), FEV(1) predicted (p=0.0091) and IC% predicted (p=0.043) and higher VO(2)ml/Kg/min % predicted (p=0.05). Minute ventilation and respiratory rate were higher during the exercise with placebo (p=0.002) whereas VE/MVV ratio was lower in the exercise after salbutamol (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the use of bronchodilator increases the IC of patient with COPD and may help not to increase the DH during a maximal exercise with the arms.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Adventist University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elias F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Antonio A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Rosângela C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Fábio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jardim
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000420:Albuterol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013147:Spirometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol