title: Urinary incontinence in 9-16 year olds with cystic fibrosis compared to other respiratory conditions and a normal group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are deemed at risk of developing urinary incontinence (UI) due to repeated coughing and other factors causing increased pressure on the pelvic floor. Increased incidence of UI is recognised in women and increasingly in men and children. However, there is little comparison with normal controls and other respiratory conditions with chronic cough. Our aim was to report the incidence, degree and impact of UI in 9-16 year olds related to clinical status in CF, compared to these.
  
  
  METHODS
  9-16 year olds were invited to fill in a self-administered anonymous/confidential questionnaire at clinic. Data recorded were sex, age, height, weight, spirometry expressed as percentage predicted. Normal controls - age and sex only recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between incidence of UI (21% CF; 22% respiratory; and 17% normal controls, P=0.43). No relationship found between respiratory or nutritional status and UI. Laughing, exercise and cough were the most common causes of UI. No difference between groups for age range, physiotherapy, breathlessness, antibiotics, urinary tract infections and menarche. Only 6% reported more than a few drops of UI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of urinary incontinence is no different between 9-16 year old girls and boys with CF, and controls.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. wendy.browne@bch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Weller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007619:Kartagener Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*