title: Emergence of Qnr determinants in human Salmonella isolates in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of qnr-carrying Salmonella isolates from humans in southern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 446 Salmonella isolates collected between 2003 and 2006 were screened for qnrA, qnrB and qnrS by PCR experiments. Genetic structures of qnr were determined by PCR-based methods or direct sequencing of plasmid DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  qnrB2 and qnrS1 were detected in two serovar Enteritidis isolates and two serovar Typhimurium isolates, respectively. One qnrS1-positive isolate was found to produce the CMY-2 AmpC enzyme. qnrS1 was identified on a 10 kb plasmid, which exhibited >99% nucleotide sequence identity with plasmid TPqnrS-1a reported from the UK. qnrB2 was found in a complex sul1-type class 1 integron on a >100 kb plasmid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the occurrence of qnrB2 and qnrS1 in Salmonella for the first time in Taiwan and characterized their genetic structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Chien
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Chien-Shun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Hung-Mo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Ron
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-Jou
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015363:Quinolones