title: Waterlogging-induced increase in sugar mobilization, fermentation, and related gene expression in the roots of mung bean (Vigna radiata).
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the role of root carbohydrate levels and metabolism in the waterlogging tolerance of contrasting mung bean genotypes. An experiment was conducted with two cultivated mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes viz., T44 (tolerant) and Pusa Baisakhi (PB) (susceptible), and a wild Vigna species Vigna luteola under pot-culture to study the physiological and molecular mechanism of waterlogging tolerance. Waterlogging resulted in decrease in relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) in root and leaf tissues, and chlorophyll (Chl) content in leaves, while the Chl a/b ratio increased. Waterlogging-induced decline in RWC, MSI, Chl and increase in Chl a/b ratio was greater in PB than V. luteola and T44. Waterlogging caused decline in total and non-reducing sugars in all the genotypes and reducing sugars in PB, while the content of reducing sugar increased in V. luteola and T44. The pattern of variation in reducing sugar content in the 3 genotypes was parallel to sucrose synthase (SS) activity. V. luteola and T44 also showed fewer declines in total and non-reducing sugars and greater increase in reducing sugar and SS activity than PB. Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) increased up to 8d of waterlogging in V. luteola and T44, while in PB a marginal increase was observed only up to 4d of treatment. Gene expression studies done by RT-PCR in 24h waterlogged plants showed enhanced expression of ADH and SS in the roots of V. luteola and T44, while in PB there was no change in expression level in control or treated plants. PCR band products were cloned and sequenced, and partial cDNAs of 531, 626, and 667; 702, 736, and 744bp of SS and ADH, respectively were obtained. The partial cDNA sequences of cloned SS genes showed 93-100 homologies among different genotypes and with D10266, while in case of ADH the similarity was in the range of 97-100% amongst each other and with Z23170. The results suggest that the availability of sufficient sugar reserve in the roots, activity of SS to provide reducing sugars for glycolytic activity and ADH for the recycling of NADH, and for the continuation of glycolysis, could be one of the important mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance of V. radiata genotype T44 and wild species V. luteola. This was reflected in better RWC and Chl content in leaves, and membrane stability of leaf and root tissue in V. luteola and T44.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. rks_ppl@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sairam
authors.forename: Kumutha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dharmar
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chinnusamy
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Meena
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C022699:sucrose synthase