Inexpensive phantom for fluoroscopy guided nerve block training*.
OBJECTIVE
Regional anesthesia simulation manikins with phantom skeletal structures are commercially available. Unfortunately, they are quite expensive. This article introduces our handmade, low cost, phantom for training of nerve block with fluoroscopic guidance.


METHODS
The phantom consisted of artificial bone models to resemble human lumbar vertebrae with disks, covered with 5-7 sheets of self-adhesive sponge. Posteriorly, mobility between sheets was retained in order to deflect needles and provide practice of redirecting needles.


CONCLUSIONS
Although it might lack radiographic fidelity, our inexpensive phantom can be used for basic training of nerve block with fluoroscopic guidance.
Inoue
Satoki
S
Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho Kashihara Nara, Japan. seninoue@naramed-u.ac.jp
Fujiwara
Aki
A
Watanabe
Keisuke
K
Hashizume
Keiji
K
Furuya
Hitoshi
H
D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007564:Japan; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation