title: Asbestos and ship-building: fatal consequences.
abstract: The severe bombing of Belfast in 1941 had far-reaching consequences. Harland and Wolff was crippled. The British Merchant Ship Building Mission to the U.S.A. was being constrained by the U.K. treasury. On being told of the Belfast destruction, the British Mission and the United States Maritime Commission were emboldened. The result was 2,710 Liberty Ships launched to a British design. The necessary asbestos use associated with this and other shipbuilding, after a quarter century or more latency, is a genesis of malignancy killing thousands. Reversal of studies on asbestos limitation of fire propagation was crucial to Allied strategic planning of mass-fires which resulted in the slaughter of one to two million civilians. Boston and Belfast institutions made seminal discoveries about asbestos use and its sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Harvard University, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA 02132-4927, USA. john_hedley-whyte@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedley-Whyte
authors.forename: Debra R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Milamed
mesh_terms: D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history*; D009660:Northern Ireland; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history*; D012767:Ships / Q000266:history*; D047789:World War II
chemical_list: D001194:Asbestos