Production and in vitro evaluation of soy protein-based biofilms as a support for human keratinocyte and fibroblast culture.
This study presents results on soy protein isolate (SPI) biofilm production and the corresponding effect on the stability and toxicity of the derived films. SPI biofilms were prepared from SPI chemically treated with formaldehyde at various concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) as cross-linking agents. In vitro SPI biofilm degradation was evaluated as a function of water absorption leading to weight and size modifications. SPI biofilm toxicity was determined as a function of human keratinocyte and fibroblast adhesion, viability, and proliferation. Cytokine gene expression supported this using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques. Our results confirm that SPI can be used to produce biofilms. The resulting SPI biofilms without formaldehyde swell significantly, which leads to their physical instability. Formaldehyde treatment enhanced the mechanical properties of these biofilms by covalently cross-linking polypeptide chains. The decreased water absorption was dependent on the amount of formaldehyde present. SPI biofilms with 2% and 3% formaldehyde were highly stable and easier to manipulate than those with 0% and 1% formaldehyde. Tissue culture analyses revealed that the SPI biofilms without formaldehyde were non-toxic to human cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts). The presence of formaldehyde in biofilms did not have any effects on cell viability, adhesion, or proliferation. This was supported by the high level of messenger RNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha by the keratinocytes and of IL-6 and IL-8 by the fibroblasts. Overall, we produced a stable, non-toxic soy protein support, which may be of potential interest in medical applications such as cell culture matrices and damaged tissue replacement.
Curt
Sèverine
S
Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Subirade
Muriel
M
Rouabhia
Mahmoud
M
D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water
D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D014867:Water