title: Deficient leucocyte antisedimentation is related to post-stroke infections and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with stroke are more susceptible to infections, suggesting possible deficiencies of early immune responses, particularly of leucocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To serially examine leucocyte antisedimentation rate (LAR), a simple test to detect activation of leucocytes, and correlate it with S100beta, procalcitonin and outcome in patients with acute ischaemic events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were taken from 61 healthy volunteers and 49 patients with acute ischaemic events (acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), n = 38; transient ischaemic attack (TIA), n = 11) within 6 hours, at 24 and 72 hours after onset of symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LAR was significantly higher in acute ischaemic events compared to controls within 6 hours after onset of stroke regardless of post-stroke infections. In addition, the increase of LAR was delayed and attenuated in TIA in contrast to AIS. A deficiency in early increase of LAR was associated with post-stroke infections and a poor outcome, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale in AIS. There was a positive correlation between LAR and S100beta at 72 hours after the onset of ischaemic stroke. Increased levels of S100beta at 24 and 72 hours after stroke were associated with poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An early activation of leucocytes indicated by an increase of LAR is characteristic of acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events. A delayed and ameliorated leucocyte activation represented by LAR is characteristic of TIA in contrast to stroke. Deficient early activation predisposes to post-stroke infections related to poor outcome. In addition, the extent of tissue injury correlates with the magnitude of innate immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peterfalvi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szereday
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pusch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szapary
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komoly
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bogar
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Illes
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human