title: Quantification and characterization of enzymatically produced hyaluronan with fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.
abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide with high-potential medical applications, depending on the chain length and the chain length distribution. Special interest goes to homogeneous HA oligosaccharides, which can be enzymatically produced using Pasteurella multocida hyaluronan synthase (PmHAS). We have developed a sensitive, simple, and fast method, based on fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), for characterization and quantification of polymerization products. A chromatographic pure fluorescent template was synthesized from HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) and 2-aminobenzoic acid. HA4-fluor and HA4 were used as template for PmHAS-mediated polymerization of nucleotide sugars. All products, fluorescent and nonfluorescent, were analyzed with gel electrophoresis and quantified using lane densitometry. Comparison of HA4- and HA4-fluor-derived polymers showed that the fluorophore did not negatively influence the PmHAS-mediated polymerization. Only even-numbered oligosaccharide products were observed using HA4-fluor or HA4 as template. The fluorophore intensity was linearly related to its concentration, and the limit of detection was determined to be 7.4pmol per product band. With this assay, we can now differentiate oligosaccharides of size range DP2 (degree of polymerization 2) to approximately DP400, monitor the progress of polymerization reactions, and measure subtle differences in polymerization rate. Quantifying polymerization products enables us to study the influence of experimental conditions on HA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Floor K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Kooy
authors.forename: Muyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hendrik H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Beeftink
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eggink
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tramper
authors.forename: Carmen G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Boeriu
mesh_terms: D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C031385:anthranilic acid; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases