title: Anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms following wisdom tooth removal.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the psychological impact of wisdom teeth removal and to identify the psychological risk factors for the development of dental anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 34 consecutive elective patients referred for surgical removal of a wisdom tooth under local anesthesia. Frequency of previous distressing dental events and general traumatic life events were assessed at baseline (t1), and emotional distress (pain, state anxiety and disturbance) immediately after treatment (t2). Post-traumatic stress responses were determined three days after treatment (t3), and at four weeks follow-up (t4), while severity of dental trait anxiety was assessed at t1 and at t4. Two patients (8%) met screening criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at t4. Multivariate analysis revealed that previous exposure to distressing dental events and pre-operative anxiety level predicted anxiety level at t4, accounting for 71% of the variance. Severity of pain during treatment was a significant predictor variable of PTSD symptom severity at t4 (25% explained variance). The findings underline the importance of pain-free treatments and awareness of patients' individual predisposition to anxiety or trauma-related symptoms to reduce the risk of iatrogenic psychological harm.
authors.affiliation: Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Social Dentistry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.de.jongh@acta.nl
authors.forename: Ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jongh
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olff
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Hoolwerff
authors.forename: Irene H A
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Aartman
authors.forename: Birit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broekman
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindauer
authors.forename: Frits
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult