title: Long-term kidney regraft survival from deceased donors: risk factors and outcomes in a single center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although survival of kidney regrafts is similar to that of primary grafts, risk factors associated with regraft survival have not been defined clearly. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for regraft outcome, including characteristics of the previous and current transplant, and time to retransplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a historical cohort study, 966 primary and 176 repeat deceased donor kidney graft recipients transplanted between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2004 were studied. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate graft loss hazard ratios (HR) for regrafts versus primary grafts. Adjustments were made for recipient and donor demographics, transplant-related factors (transplant era, panel reactive antibodies, human leukocyte antigens mismatches, immunosuppression, delayed graft function, acute rejection [AR]), previous transplant characteristics (graft survival, graft loss because of AR), and time to retransplant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 508 kidney grafts were lost in the period between January 1990 and May 2007: 427 primary grafts and 81 regrafts. Regraft recipients had a covariate-adjusted 6% increase in graft loss (HR=1.06; P=0.69). Regraft loss was significantly associated with previous graft survival less than or equal to 1 year (HR=2.01; P=0.004), previous graft loss because of AR (HR=2.26; P=0.017) and time to retransplant more than 1 year (HR=2.42; P=0.002). Other significant predictors of regraft loss were diabetes (HR=1.81), donor age more than 50 years (HR=1.86) and delayed graft function after retransplant (HR=1.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney regrafts seem to have similar long-term outcome as primary grafts. However, additional risk factors significantly associated with regraft survival are previous graft survival, graft loss because of rejection, and time to retransplant.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Medicine, Renal Transplant Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Miha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnol
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Prather
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittalhenkle
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors