title: Brachial plexus traction injury: quantification of sensory abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stretch injury to the brachial plexus may occur following traumatic flexion-extension of the cervical spine often seen in motor vehicle accidents or falls. Radiologic and conventional nerve conduction studies are negative in many cases. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to simplify, standardize, and quantify the positive and negative sensory abnormalities that are most often seen during the clinical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitation of thresholds for thermal detection and pain, vibration, pressure pain and elevated arm stress test was performed in a series of 38 patients with the clinical picture of brachial plexus traction injury as well as a group of age and sex matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases in all evoked pain thresholds, except for heat pain, along with increases in sensory detection thresholds were found in the patient group compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantification of sensory findings may greatly facilitate and substantiate the diagnosis of this type of injury. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that brachial plexus traction injury causes dysfunction of small sensory fiber systems and results in a form of neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grothusen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D017288:Pain Threshold; D055815:Young Adult