title: P18 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in human medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma development.
abstract: In multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Type 2 (MEN2), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma (PC) are associated with hereditary activating germ-line mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. Also in a large percentage of sporadic MTCs and PCs, somatic RET mutations appear to be involved in tumor formation. In one single MEN2 family an extensive variety in disease expression may be observed, indicating that additional genetic events are responsible for progression of the disease towards a more aggressive phenotype. However, these additional mutations in both hereditary and sporadic MTC and PC development are largely unknown. Here, we show for the first time the presence of somatic mutations in the cell cycle regulator P18 in human RET-associated MTCs and PCs. Each of these mutations causes an amino acid substitution in the cyclin dependent kinase-interacting region of P18(INK4C). Since these mutations partly inhibited P18(INK4C) function and reduced its stability, our findings implicate P18 as a tumor suppressor gene involved in human MTC and PC development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Veelen
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klompmaker
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gloerich
authors.forename: Carola J R
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Gasteren
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalkhoven
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Cornelis J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: Rene H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Medema
authors.forename: Jo W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Höppener
authors.forename: Dennis S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Acton
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas