title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I regulation of interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-1 receptor antagonist expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human endometrium is an active site of cytokine production and action. Among these cytokines, the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system seems to be relevant to the embryonic implantation process. We have previously reported the production of GnRH-I by human blastocyst, as well as the presence of GnRH-I receptor in human endometrium. This suggests a close interaction between the immune and endocrine systems through these cytokine mediators in embryonic implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the relevance of this interaction during embryonic implantation, we investigated GnRH-I regulation of IL-1b and IL-1ra mRNA and protein expression in human endometrial stromal cells using quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1b mRNA and protein expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells was significantly enhanced by GnRH-agonist in comparison to control groups. IL-1ra mRNA and protein was significantly decreased by GnRH-agonist in comparison to control groups. In contrast, the GnRH-antagonist ablated the regulatory effects of GnRH agonist in 1b and IL-1ra mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, these results suggest a possible close interaction between the immune and endocrine systems in human embryonic implantation through the classical neuropeptide hormone GnRH and its receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia School of Medicine, Valencia, Spain. cegiob@interbook.net
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raga
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Casañ
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonilla-Musoles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C050866:progonadoliberin I; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone