title: Analgesia for the critically ill dog or cat: an update.
abstract: Acute pain reliably accompanies severe illness and injury, and when sufficiently severe, it can complicate the recovery of critically ill patients. Because acute pain is closely tied to the neurologic process of nociception, pharmacologic therapy is often essential and effective. This update focuses on two methods of treatment of acute pain-local anesthetic infusion and continuous intravenous infusion of multimodal agents-that can be layered on top of standard care with other drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. bernie_hansen@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local