title: Antioxidant and oxidative stress status in type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the aetiology and progression of diabetic complications including diabetic foot ulcer. In this study, the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer subjects were assessed and compared with apparently healthy normal subjects to understand the involvement of OS in the subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The above-mentioned OS markers were measured in 50 subjects for each of the following groups: type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic foot ulcer (DF) and non-diabetic control (NC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant elevated values of LPO (39.86%) and 8-OHdG (45.53%) were found in DM subjects compared with the NC subjects. This increase in both parameters was greater for DF subjects: 80.23% and 53.91% respectively. SOD activities were significantly reduced in DM (14.82%) and DF (4.09%) subjects in contrast with elevated activities of GPx observed in DM (21.87%) and DF (20.94%) subjects. Glycated haemoglobin/fasting plasma glucose (HbA1c/FPG) correlated positively with LPO, 8-OHdG and GPx, whereas a negative correlation was observed for SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased oxidation subsequent to diabetic conditions induces an over-expression of GPx activity suggesting a compensatory mechanism by the body to prevent further tissue damage in the subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, GaRankuwa.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Bosede
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bolajoko
authors.forename: Kensese Sontin
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mossanda
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adeniyi
authors.forename: Olubayo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akinosun
authors.forename: Adesoji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasanmade
authors.forename: Mpho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moropane
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase