title: Stem cell delivery by lumbar puncture as a therapeutic alternative to direct injection into injured spinal cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using cellular transplants to treat spinal cord injury is a promising therapeutic strategy, but transplants grafted directly into the injury site can further damage the already compromised cord. To avoid additional trauma and to simplify translation to the clinic, it is advantageous to use less invasive delivery methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared the efficacy of intrathecal cell delivery at the lumbar region (lumbar puncture [LP]) to direct injection into a thoracic contusion injury using a mixed population of lineage-restricted neural precursor cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct injection resulted in a higher volume of neural precursor cells located throughout the injury site, whereas fewer LP-delivered cells accumulated at the dorsal aspect of the injured cord. Both grafting methods were neuroprotective, resulting in reduction of injury size and greater tissue sparing compared with controls. Functional recovery was evaluated by assessing motor and bladder function. Animals that received cells via direct injection performed significantly better in the open-field locomotor test than did operated controls, while LP-treated animals showed intermediate recovery of function that did not differ statistically from that of either operated controls or directly injected animals. Bladder function, however, was significantly improved in both directly injected and LP-treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grafting of stem cells via LP resulted in localized accumulation of cells at the injury site, neuroprotection, and modest recovery of function. Further optimization of the LP procedure by increasing the number of cells that are delivered and determining the optimal delivery schedule may further improve recovery to levels comparable to direct injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA. bneuhuber@drexelmed.edu
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neuhuber
authors.forename: Alissa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Barshinger
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jed S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shumsky
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009043:Motor Activity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae