Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS.
There is an intense interplay between HIV and the immune system, and the literature is replete with studies describing various immunological phenomena associated with HIV infection. Many of these phenomena seem too broad in scope to be attributable either to HIV-infected cells or to the HIV-specific immune response. Recently, a more fundamental understanding of how HIV affects various T cells and T cell compartments has emerged. This review covers the role of immune activation in HIV immunopathogenesis, how that activation could be mediated directly by HIV replicating within and damaging the gut mucosal barrier, how HIV affects multiple T cell functions and phenotypes, and how chronic HIV replication induces immune modulatory pathways to negatively regulate certain functions in HIV-specific T cells.
Douek
Daniel C
DC
Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Roederer
Mario
M
Koup
Richard A
RA
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor