title: Sex and ethnic differences among South Tirolean suicides: a psychological autopsy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the research is to study whether any differences exist in the rates and characteristics of suicide by ethnicity and sex in South Tirol, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychological autopsy interviews were conducted for suicides who died between March 1997 and July 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  332 individuals belonging to the three major South Tirolean ethnic groups (Germans, Italians, Ladins [Ladin is a Rhaeto-Romance language related to the Venetian and Swiss Romansh languages]) died by suicide. Around 23% of the victims had experienced suicidal behaviour among family members, and more than 31% of them had experienced trauma during their childhood. Germans were 1.37 times more at risk to commit suicide than Italians (95% CI: 1.04/1.80; z=2.26, p<.05). 69% of the suicides had attended school for less than 8 years: Germans (OR=4.62; 95% CI: 2.52/8.47; p<.001) and Ladins (OR=11.24; 95% CI: 2.99/42.30; p<.001) were more likely to have lower education than Italians. There were several differences by ethnicity and sex but no sex-by-ethnicity interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicated that suicide, an alarming health and social problem in South Tirol, may require different preventive interventions for men and women and for those of different ethnicities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sant' Andrea Hospital , Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pycha
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innamorati
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwitzer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giupponi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000401:mortality; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013557:Switzerland / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult