title: Sensitivity of the association between increased lung cancer risk and bitumen fume exposure to the assumptions in the assessment of exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multi-centre IARC-coordinated European cohort study provided evidence of an association between lung cancer risk and bitumen fume exposure. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess whether these associations were robust to assumptions in the exposure assessment for which support could not be obtained due to lack of either measurements or direct observations.
  
  
  METHODS
  New exposure estimates were generated by changing assumptions on exposure levels, specific tasks, lags, and coal tar use. Subsequently, Poisson regression models estimated relative risks (RRs); change in fit of models was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The influence of these assumptions was minimal, with log-likelihood deviations between -5.0 and 4.7% and similar patterns in dose-dependent increases of lung cancer risk. In the highest exposure categories, point estimates of RRs ranged 2.07-2.83 for average, and 1.22-2.23 for cumulative exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small increase in lung cancer risk associated with bitumen fume exposure depends only to a limited extent on the subjective judgments made in the exposure assessment for this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Gene-Environment Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. frank.devocht@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Vocht
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burstyn
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashibe
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C006647:asphalt