title: Risk factors for extreme events in infants hospitalized for apparent life-threatening events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether known risk factors for cardiorespiratory illnesses will help identify infants who could experience extreme events during an admission for an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) or later at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted for ALTE between 1996 and 2006. Extreme events included central apnea >30 seconds, bradycardia >10 seconds, and desaturation >10 seconds at hemoglobin-oxygen saturation value with pulse oximetry <80%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 625 patients included in the study, 46 (7.4%) had extreme cardiorespiratory events recorded, usually within 24 hours of hospital admission. The most frequent diagnosis was upper respiratory tract infection (URTI, 30 infants). These factors increased the likelihood of having extreme events (P < .0001): post-conceptional age <43 weeks (5.2-fold increase), premature birth (6.3-fold), and URTI symptoms (11.2-fold). The most frequent events were extreme desaturations (43/46 infants), preceded by a central apnea. Seven infants had extreme events recorded later during home monitoring (4 with URTI); all 7 infants had sustained extreme events in the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extreme events were identified mostly in association with symptoms of URTIs, in infants born prematurely, and in infants <43 weeks post-conceptional age. Monitoring with a pulse oximeter should identify infants who sustain these events.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine Division, The Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Hussein A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Kindy
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gélinas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hatzakis
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Côté
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001049:Apnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010092:Oximetry; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors