title: Fracture risk in very young women using combined oral contraceptives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known on fracture risk in young women using oral contraceptives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study (64,548 cases, 193,641 controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no major association with risk of fracture was present. Only in a few age groups a limited increase (OR 1.1-1.5) was seen in those using low average doses (less than one tablet per day - i.e., intermittent use). Neither 20 nor >or=30 mcg per day of ethinylestradiol was associated with risk of fractures, while changing from 20 to >or=30 mcg per day or vice versa was associated with a limited increase in fracture risk (OR 1.1-1.4) in some age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, use of oral contraceptives in young women did not seem to be associated with an increased risk of fractures. The isolated increase seen in some strata with low average doses may be linked to factors associated with discontinuation of oral contraceptives rather than pharmacological effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Amtssygehus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. p-vest@post4.tele.dk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rejnmark
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosekilde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004967:Estrogens; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol