title: Disparities in knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptoms among adult men: an analysis of behavioral risk factor surveillance survey data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The staggering burden of myocardial infarction and stroke in men and for men of African-American descent in particular provided the impetus for this study. Morbidity and mortality from these vascular disorders can be reduced by early treatment, which requires correct prehospital identification of symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess current knowledge of myocardial infarction and stroke symptoms and to examine if there were disparities in knowledge of these among U.S. males.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study analyzing public use 2003-2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random-digit-dial telephone survey focused on health risk factors and behaviors. Data collection was done under the direction of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collections targeted noninstitutionalized U.S. adults 18-90 years of age. This study focused on the adult male population.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the 13 heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge questions asked on the survey, a heart attack and stroke knowledge score was computed for each respondent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed that both Caucasian and African-American men earning low scores on the knowledge questions were more likely to: have less than a high-school education, have deferred medical care in the past 12 months because of cost and not have health insurance in the past 12 months. African-American men were also more likely to live in households with annual incomes < $35,000 and were more likely to not have a primary care provider; this was not true for Caucasian men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a disparity in myocardial infarction and stroke symptom knowledge along racial and socioeconomic lines. African-American males, poorer individuals and those with lower levels of education had significantly lower scores. Since these subgroups are also among those at higher risk for stroke and myocardial infarction, targeting measures to enhance knowledge in these groups might yield more benefit than programs aimed at the general male populace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois 61107, USA. lutfiyya@uic.edu
authors.forename: M Nawal
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lutfiyya
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lipsky
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke; D014481:United States