title: Ethnic difference in inter-East Asian subjects with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on fasting serum insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate ethnic difference by focusing on fasting serum insulin (FSI) in inter-East Asian subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sources included MEDLINE and EMBASE between 2001 and 2007. We conducted a search for articles containing mean or geometric mean values of FSI in East Asian subjects with NGT, IGR, or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The Monte Carlo method was used for simulation of the mean and standard deviation of individual measures in each ethnic group; calculation of the median ratio and 95% confidence interval of individual measures between ethnic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two articles fully met our pre-determined criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that FSI level is significantly lower in Japanese subjects with NGT, IGR, or T2DM than in Korean and Chinese subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnic difference in FSI level between East Asians was observed in not only T2DM patients but also subjects with NGT or IGR. The lower FSI level in Japanese subjects was accompanied by lower triglyceride level. These results suggest that ethnic difference in dietary habit was one of the most influential factors for the ethnic difference in FSI.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Information Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. takema@gen-info.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003625:Data Collection; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides