title: On the reliability and standard errors of measurement of contrast measures from the D-KEFS.
abstract: A formula for the reliability of difference scores was used to estimate the reliability of Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis et al., 2001) contrast measures from the reliabilities and correlations of their components. In turn these reliabilities were used to calculate standard errors of measurement. The majority of contrast measures had low reliabilities: of the 51 reliability coefficients calculated in the present study, none exceeded 0.7 and hence all failed to meet any of the criteria for acceptable reliability proposed by various experts in psychological measurement. The mean reliability of the contrast scores was 0.27, the median reliability was 0.30. The standard errors of measurement were large and, in many cases, equaled or were only marginally smaller than the contrast scores' standard deviations. The results suggest that, at present, D-KEFS contrast measures should not be used in neuropsychological decision making.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. j.crawford@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Garthwaite
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014894:Weights and Measures