title: [Transesophageal electrophysiological study in non sedated children younger than 11 years with a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].
abstract: The electrophysiological evaluation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is recommended in children aged more than five years to detect a risk of life-threatening arrhythmia. The purposes of the study were to determine the feasibility of transesophageal EPS in a child between six and 10 years in out-patient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrophysiological study (EPS) was indicated in 22 children, aged six to 10 years, with a manifest WPW either for no documented tachycardia (n=7), unexplained dizziness (n=2) or for a sportive authorization in 10 asymptomatic children. Two of the last children had a history of permanent tachycardia after the birth but were asymptomatic since the age of one year without drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPS was performed in all children. The main difficulty lied in passing the catheter through the mouth. Programmed stimulation at cycle length of 380 ms was performed in all children to avoid high rates of pacing when the conduction through the accessory pathway (AP) and normal AV system was evaluated. Isoproterenol was not required in five children, because they developed a catecholaminergic sinus tachycardia. The AP refractory period was determined in all children between 200 and 270 ms. Orthodromic reentrant tachycardia (RT) was induced in 11 children, three asymptomatic children (27%), seven complaining of tachycardia and one with syncope. Rapid antidromic tachycardia was induced in this last child with dizziness. Atrial fibrillation was never induced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal EPS can be performed without sedation in a young child six to 10-year-old with a shortened protocol of stimulation, which was capable to clearly evaluate the WPW-related risks.
authors.affiliation: Cardiologie adultes, CHU Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France. b.brembilla-perrot@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brembilla-Perrot
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cloez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chometon
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huttin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lethor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tisserand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Admant
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belhadj
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benzhagou
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marçon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010045:Outpatients; D014927:Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*