title: Endoscopic assisted antral window approach for type III nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with infratemporal fossa extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic assisted antral window approach in advanced nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with infratemporal fossa extension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen cases diagnosed as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma type III with infratemporal fossa extension were surgically managed using endoscopic assisted antral window approach (group A) and compared with another group of similar number that were managed using endoscopic assisted midfacial degloving (group B). Inclusion criteria were type III JNA with infratemporal fossa extension and a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Operative time, blood loss, adverse events and recurrences were recorded in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of blood lost in group A was significantly less than group B. The operative time of group A was significantly less than group B. No major complications were seen in both groups. Twenty-eight patients showed complete tumor clearance. Four recurrences were seen: two in group A and two in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic assisted antral window approach provides a safe, reliable, effective and minimally invasive technique in management of type III JNA with infratemporal fossa extension. Preoperative embolization is a safe measure in the experienced hands that helps to reduce intraoperative blood loss and improves the quality of the surgical field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.forename: Sameh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ragab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D035301:Cranial Fossa, Middle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult