title: Disease progression in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents--results of a German-Austrian cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Paediatric Working Group AIDS (PAAD) initiated a prospective cohort study in order to investigate disease progression in HIV- infected children and adolescents and the effect of antiretroviral treatment regimes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2003, paediatric centres documented HIV-infected patients under clinical care using a questionnaire for basic data and annual follow up. Main outcome measures were: use of antiretroviral therapy, adverse events, disease progression and change of therapeutic regimes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  174 HIV- infected paediatric patients were followed up in 12 centres in Germany and Austria between 1998 and 2003. Initially 54 (31%) patients had no antiretroviral therapy, 35 (20%) received a two-drug regimen (ART) and 85 patients (49%) a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART>or=3 drugs). After an observation period of 5 years, 8 patients (4%) had no therapy, 17 (10%) were on ART and 134 patients on HAART (77%). The number of patients with salvage therapy (>or=4 drugs) increased from 5 (3%) to 15 patients (9%). 72 of 166 treated patients (43%) had no change of their drug regimes, 68 patients (41%) had one change and 26 patients (16%)>or=2 changes. Main reasons for changes were increased viral load (49%), immunologic deterioration (21%) and adverse events (14%). During the follow up period no patient died. According to the CDC classification, disease progression was seen in 48 of 174 patients (28%), of whom 20 had deteriorations of clinical categories (A, B, C) and 28 of immunologic categories. Using Kaplan-Meier curves, the mean time from study onset until change of clinical categories was 61 months for patients on HAART, 26 months for patients on ART and 14 months for patients without ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In paediatric patients with HIV infection, disease progression has declined substantially by introduction of HAART. Superiority of HAART compared with ART was demonstrated. Non-adherence as well as other reasons for treatment failure have to be studied more carefully.
authors.affiliation: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Department of Paediatrics, Station 31-1, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60 590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. M.Funk@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Notheis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feiterna-Sperling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganschow
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hornemann
authors.forename: A M J
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rütschle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horneff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: K M O
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hanschmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wintergerst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents