title: C-reactive protein and other predictors of poor outcome in patients hospitalized with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CRP is elevated in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), but there is little information on whether this biomarker can help to identify adverse short-term clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-month prospective study of all patients with AECOPD requiring hospital admission. Clinical, laboratory (including plasma CRP levels at admission) and functional data were recorded. The outcome variable (the adverse outcome) consisted of: (i) death in hospital or within 15 days of discharge, (ii) transfer to the intensive care unit, or (iii) development of acute heart failure during hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 147 patients with a total of 160 admissions were recorded. During follow up, 38 (23.7%) adverse outcomes were observed, including 13 (8.8%) and 8 (5.4%) patients who died during hospitalization or within 15 days of discharge, respectively. CRP at a level of 50 mg/L was related to an adverse outcome (OR 4.9, 95% CI: 1.92-12.6, P < 0.01), although by itself it was neither sensitive nor specific (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.77). However, a risk score derived from the combination of CRP with other variables, such as 'current smoker', 'at least two comorbidities' and 'confusion,' at admission showed good predictive ability to identify an adverse outcome (AUC of 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma CRP in combination with other variables obtained at admission may assist identification of high-risk patients with AECOPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain. agustinruiz@saludalia.com
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-González
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacasta
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibarz
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alonso
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falguera
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein