title: T-cell modulation combined with intratumoral CpG cures lymphoma in a mouse model without the need for chemotherapy.
abstract: We have previously shown that intratumoral injection of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide plus systemic chemotherapy can induce a T-cell immune response against lymphoma and serve as a therapeutic vaccine to cure tumors in a murine model. Here, we demonstrate that antibody-mediated modulation of T cells increases the efficacy of CpG vaccination, thereby eliminating the need for chemotherapy. T-cell modulation was accomplished by targeting both effector and regulatory T-cell populations using systemic administration of monoclonal antibodies against OX40, CTLA4, GITR, and folate receptor 4 (FR4). Each of these antibodies enhanced the effect of intratumoral CpG. Some pairwise combinations of these antibodies potentiated T-cell modulation and further enhanced the efficacy of CpG vaccination. Specifically, the combination of anti-OX40 and anti-CTLA4 which enhance activation and block cell-intrinsic negative regulatory circuits in T cells, respectively, was especially potent. When combined with intratumoral CpG, it induced antitumor CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunity, cured large and systemic lymphoma tumors without chemotherapy, and provided long-lasting immunity against tumor rechallenge. Our results show that the combination of intratumoral CpG and immunomodulatory T-cell antibodies has promise for therapeutic vaccination against lymphoma. These reagents are becoming available for human clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, CA 94305-5151, USA.
authors.forename: Roch
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houot
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides