title: Intraflagellar transport protein 172 is essential for primary cilia formation and plays a vital role in patterning the mammalian brain.
abstract: IFT172, also known as Selective Lim-domain Binding protein (SLB), is a component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex. In order to evaluate the biological role of the Ift172 gene, we generated a loss-of-function mutation in the mouse. The resulting Slb mutant embryos die between E12.5 and 13.0, and exhibit severe cranio-facial malformations, failure to close the cranial neural tube, holoprosencephaly, heart edema and extensive hemorrhages. Cilia outgrowth in cells of the neuroepithelium is initiated but the axonemes are severely truncated and do not contain visible microtubules. Morphological and molecular analyses revealed a global brain-patterning defect along the dorsal-ventral (DV) and anterior-posterior (AP) axes. We demonstrate that Ift172 gene function is required for early regulation of Fgf8 at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and maintenance of the isthmic organizer. In addition, Ift172 is required for proper function of the embryonic node, the early embryonic organizer and for formation of the head organizing center (the anterior mesendoderm, or AME). We propose a model suggesting that forebrain and mid-hindbrain growth and AP patterning depends on the early function of Ift172 at gastrulation. Our data suggest that the formation and function of the node and AME in the mouse embryo relies on an indispensable role of Ift172 in cilia morphogenesis and cilia-mediated signaling.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Program on Genomics of Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Marat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorivodsky
authors.forename: Mahua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilsch-Braeuninger
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teufel
authors.forename: Changmee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huttner
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westphal
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019521:Body Patterning; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016923:Cell Death; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000002:abnormalities; D004707:Endoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018390:Gene Targeting; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000196:embryology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008322:Mammals / Q000196:embryology*; D051379:Mice; D055457:Nodal Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C479520:Ift172 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055457:Nodal Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C465570:Shh protein, mouse