title: Auricular leishmaniasis mimicking squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a rare case of auricular involvement by leishmaniasis, in order to demonstrate the importance of thorough investigation of cutaneous head and neck lesions, and also the importance of inclusion of infections such as leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of auricular lesions, especially in endemic areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 42-year-old man with multiple lesions on his head, neck and hands was referred to our centre. He had the following lesions: a painful, crusted, 8 x 8 cm plaque with indurated margins on the left parotid region and auricle; a red papule on the right temporal region; an ulcerative lesion on the skin overlying the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth finger of the right hand; and a bluish papule on the neck. Although histopathological examination of the Geimsa-stained specimen was misleading, a direct smear prepared from biopsies showed amastigotes, and therapy resulted in complete recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leishmaniasis can be both under- or over-diagnosed. Especially in endemic areas, parasitic causes of chronic infections should always be kept in mind.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-A'lam Hospital, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khorsandi-Ashtiani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasibi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Paydarfar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sadri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirashrafi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouhi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*