title: Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-sectional reports suggest that statin users are less likely to have Alzheimer disease (AD). Prospective studies have provided inconsistent evidence. Moreover, it is unclear whether the association differs for lipophilic statins, those that could more easily pass the blood-brain barrier and hydrophilic statins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate whether use of statins is associated with the risk of AD, and to determine whether associations differ for lipophilic and hydrophilic statins.
  
  
  METHODS
  6992 participants of the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study were followed, from baseline (1990-1993) until January 2005 for incident AD. Data on all filled prescriptions came from pharmacy records. For each date on which each event occurred, cholesterol-lowering drug use for the person who experienced the event and all remaining persons in the cohort was categorised as "any" or "never" use. A distinction was made between statin, lipophilic and hydrophilic statins, and non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs. Data were analysed with the Cox regression analysis, adjusting for sex, age and potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (mean 9 years), 582 persons developed AD. Compared with never use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, statin use was associated with a decreased risk of AD (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.90), but non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug use was not (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.44). HRs were equal for lipophilic (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.89) and hydrophilic statins (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.26 to 1.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population, the use of statins, but not of non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs, was associated with a lower risk of AD compared with never use of cholesterol-lowering drugs. The protective effect was independent of the lipophilicity of statins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M D M
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: B H C
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids