title: Insights into corn genes derived from large-scale cDNA sequencing.
abstract: We present a large portion of the transcriptome of Zea mays, including ESTs representing 484,032 cDNA clones from 53 libraries and 36,565 fully sequenced cDNA clones, out of which 31,552 clones are non-redundant. These and other previously sequenced transcripts have been aligned with available genome sequences and have provided new insights into the characteristics of gene structures and promoters within this major crop species. We found that although the average number of introns per gene is about the same in corn and Arabidopsis, corn genes have more alternatively spliced isoforms. Examination of the nucleotide composition of coding regions reveals that corn genes, as well as genes of other Poaceae (Grass family), can be divided into two classes according to the GC content at the third position in the amino acid encoding codons. Many of the transcripts that have lower GC content at the third position have dicot homologs but the high GC content transcripts tend to be more specific to the grasses. The high GC content class is also enriched with intronless genes. Together this suggests that an identifiable class of genes in plants is associated with the Poaceae divergence. Furthermore, because many of these genes appear to be derived from ancestral genes that do not contain introns, this evolutionary divergence may be the result of horizontal gene transfer from species not only with different codon usage but possibly that did not have introns, perhaps outside of the plant kingdom. By comparing the cDNAs described herein with the non-redundant set of corn mRNAs in GenBank, we estimate that there are about 50,000 different protein coding genes in Zea. All of the sequence data from this study have been submitted to DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL under accession numbers EU940701-EU977132 (FLI cDNA) and FK944382-FL482108 (EST).
authors.affiliation: Ceres, Inc., 1535 Rancho Conejo Blvd, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. nalexandrov@ceres-inc.com
authors.forename: Nickolai N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
authors.forename: Vyacheslav V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Brover
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freidin
authors.forename: Maxim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Troukhan
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Tatarinova
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Swaller
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouck
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Feldmann
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D017343:Genes, Plant; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary