title: Evaluation of urinary and faecal continent stomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome and complications of urinary and faecal continent catheterizable stomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record review of all patients operated on in our institution within the last 6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five children received 63 stomas. The mean age at operation was 9.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. The diagnoses were: neurogenic bladder (n=22), bladder or cloacal exstrophy (n=20), anorectal malformation (n=6), persistent cloaca (n=3), Hirschsprung's disease (n=2), posterior urethral valves (n=1) and prune belly syndrome (n=1). There were 35 urinary stomas and 28 faecal stomas. Eight patients received both stomas. Both the appendix and a transverse tubularized intestinal segment (Yang-Monti technique) were used; in some cases a caecal flap was created. In three patients the appendix was divided and used to construct two stomas. The implantation of urinary stomas was into the native bladder in 24 patients and into the intestinal segment of an augmented bladder in 11 cases. The location of the stoma was umbilical in 20 cases, right lower quadrant of the abdomen in 35, neo-umbilicus in five and left lower quadrant in three. When an extra-umbilical location was chosen skin flaps were used. Excellent cosmetic and functional results were achieved in 53 (84.2%) of the 63 stomas, which are continent and easy to catheterize. Two had acceptable results with minor problems. There were eight re-operations (12.6% of stomas, 14.5% of patients). The reasons for the re-operations were difficult catheterization in two, incontinence in three, and mucosal prolapse in three patients in whom skin flaps were not used. Of the eight re-operations, seven were in urinary stomas and one in a faecal stoma. Urinary incontinence was attributed to shortening of the intravesical tunnel. No difference in results was observed between the different techniques used, with the exception that cutaneous anastomosis without skin flaps had to be revised because of prolapse, and two out of three incontinent channels had been constructed with tubularized ileum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheterizable continent urinary and faecal stomas achieve the objectives of urinary and faecal continence and independence in most patients with a low complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. t.boemers@salk.at
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boemers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schimke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ardelean
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludwikowski