title: Involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of secreted phospholipase A2 expressions in Jurkat leukemia cells.
abstract: Epigenetic changes provide a frequent mechanism for transcriptional silencing of genes in cancer cells. We previously established that epigenetic mechanisms are important for control of group IIA phospholipase A(2) (PLA2G2A) gene transcription in human DU-145 prostate cells. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of such mechanisms in the regulation of five sPLA(2) isozymes and the M-type receptor of sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-R) in human leukemic Jurkat cells. These cells constitutively expressed sPLA(2)-IB, sPLA(2)-III, sPLA(2)-X, and sPLA(2)-R but not sPLA(2)-IIA and sPLA(2)-V. Transcription of sPLA(2)-IIA and sPLA(2)-V was, however, detected after exposure of cells to the DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Expression of sPLA(2)-IIA was further enhanced by additional exposure to interferon-gamma and blocked by inhibitors of specificity protein 1, nuclear factor kappaB, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-dependent pathways. Sequence analysis and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction of bisulfite-modified genomic DNA revealed two 5'-CpG sites (-111 and -82) in the sPLA(2)-IIA proximal promoter that were demethylated after 5-aza-dC treatment. These sites may be involved in the DNA binding of specificity protein 1 and other transcription factors. Similar findings after treatment of human U937 leukemia cells with 5-aza-dC indicate that this mechanism of PLA2G2A gene silencing is not restricted to Jurkat and DU-145 cells. These data establish that regulation of sPLA(2)-IIA and sPLA(2)-V in Jurkat and other cells involves epigenetic silencing by DNA hypermethylation.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dresden, Germany. Mario.Menschikowski@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menschikowski
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagelgans
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kostka
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eisenhofer
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siegert
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013447:Sulfites / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D013447:Sulfites; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077209:Decitabine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; C516287:PLA2G2A protein, human; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory; D001374:Azacitidine; C009279:sodium bisulfite