title: Microleakage under metallic and ceramic brackets bonded with orthodontic self-etching primer systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the in vitro microleakage of orthodontic brackets (metal and ceramic) between enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces at the occlusal and gingival sides produced by self-etching primer system with that of conventional acid etching and bonding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. The teeth were separated into four groups of 15 teeth each and received the following treatments: Group 1, 37% phosphoric acid gel + Transbond XT liquid primer + stainless steel bracket; Group 2, Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (TSEP) + stainless steel bracket; Group 3, 37% phosphoric acid gel + Transbond XT liquid primer + ceramic bracket; Group 4, TSEP + ceramic bracket. After curing, specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for microleakage for the enamel-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces from both occlusal and gingival margins. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gingival sides in all groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with those observed in occlusal sides for both adhesive interfaces. Enamel-adhesive interfaces exhibited more microleakage than did the adhesive-bracket interfaces. Brackets bonded with self-etching primer system showed significantly higher microleakage at the enamel-adhesive interface of the gingival side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSEP causes more microleakage between enamel-adhesive interfaces, which may lead to lower bond strength and/or white-spot lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. tancanuysal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tancan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulker
authors.forename: Sabri Ilhan
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ramoglu
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertas
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D001641:Bicuspid; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; D013193:Stainless Steel; C025485:basic fuchsin; C030242:phosphoric acid