title: Insecticide toxicity to Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females and effect on descendant generation.
abstract: The effect of nine insecticides used in tomato production was evaluated on adults of two Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) populations from Rive and Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The experiment was developed in an acclimatized chamber at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% relative humidity and 14 h photophase. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), previously immersed in insecticides solutions were offered to females of both T. pretiosum populations. Bacillus thuringiensis, lufenuron and triflumuron had lowest negative effects on parasitism and viability of individuals of these populations; however, abamectin and pyrethroids (betacyflurin 50 and 125 g/l and esfenvalerate) insecticides reduced parasitism rates. T. pretiosum emerged from A. kuehniella eggs treated with esfenvalerate but were not able to parasitize non treated eggs of this host. B. thuringiensis, lufenuron and triflumuron may be used in integrated pest management programs to control tomato pests, because they have moderated negative effect on parasitoid wasps.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ulysses R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Dirceu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pratissoli
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
authors.forename: Eraldo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Fabrício F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014863:Wasps / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides