title: Diurnal expressions of four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes in the optic tectum and retina of goldfish.
abstract: Four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes (Mel(1a) 1.4, Mel(1a) 1.7, Mel(1b), and Mel(1c)) are considered to be expressed to mediate various physiological functions of melatonin in goldfish (Carassius auratus). To examine their tissue distribution and diurnal changes in expression levels, we cloned partial gene fragments for these melatonin receptor subtypes, and established specific RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR systems. Mel(1a) 1.4 and Mel(1b) were predominantly expressed in various neuronal and peripheral tissues, while Mel(1a) 1.7 and Mel(1c) were expressed in the restricted tissues. All subtype genes were expressed in the optic tectum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, vagal lobe, retina and spleen. The real-time PCR analyses showed that significant differences among time were observed for Mel(1a) 1.4 in the optic tectum and for Mel(1a) 1.7 and Mel(1b) in the retina. In the retina, the levels of Mel(1a) 1.7 and Mel(1b) mRNAs showed diurnal changes with one peak at ZT24. The present results show differential distribution of four subtypes of melatonin receptor mRNAs in the neuronal and peripheral tissues. However, the expressions of all subtype genes in the retinorecipient brain regions and retina reinforce the role of the melatonin receptor in processing visual information. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates diurnal expressions of the major subtype genes, i.e. Mel(1a) 1.4 in the optic tectum and Mel(1a) 1.7 in the retina.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006054:Goldfish / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 / Q000378:metabolism; D044123:Receptor, Melatonin, MT2 / Q000378:metabolism; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1; D044123:Receptor, Melatonin, MT2; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin