title: Chk2 oligomerization studied by phosphopeptide ligation: implications for regulation and phosphodependent interactions.
abstract: Chk2/CHEK2/hCds1 is a modular serine-threonine kinase involved in transducing DNA damage signals. Phosphorylation by ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM) promotes Chk2 self-association, autophosphorylation, and activation. Here we use expressed protein ligation to generate a Chk2 N-terminal regulatory region encompassing a fork-head-associated (FHA) domain, a stoichiometrically phosphorylated Thr-68 motif and intervening linker. Hydrodynamic analysis reveals that Thr-68 phosphorylation stabilizes weak FHA-FHA interactions that occur in the unphosphorylated species to form a high affinity dimer. Although clearly a prerequisite for Chk2 activation in vivo, we show that dimerization modulates potential phosphodependent interactions with effector proteins and substrates through either the pThr-68 site, or the canonical FHA phosphobinding surface with which it is tightly associated. We further show that the dimer-occluded pThr-68 motif is released by intra-dimer autophosphorylation of the FHA domain at the highly conserved Ser-140 position, a major pThr contact in all FHA-phosphopeptide complex structures, revealing a mechanism of Chk2 dimer dissociation following kinase domain activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jiejin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clapperton
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smerdon
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000502:physiology; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases