title: High incidence of defective ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the function of ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice and thereby estimating the incidence of defective transducers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised a one-time test of 676 transducers from 7 manufacturers which were in daily use in clinical departments at 32 hospitals. They were tested with the Sonora FirstCall Test System; 39.8% exhibited a transducer error. Delamination was detected in 26.5% and break in the cable was detected in 8.4% of the tested transducers. Errors originating from the piezoelectrical elements were unusual. Delamination and short circuit occurred without significant differences between transducers from all tested manufacturers, but the errors break in the cable, weak and dead element showed a statistically significant higher frequency in transducers from certain manufacturers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high error frequency and the risk for incorrect medical decisions when using a defective transducer indicate an urgent need for increased testing of the transducers in clinical departments.
authors.affiliation: School for Technique and Health, KTH, Campus Flemingsberg, Huddinge, Sweden. mmar@kth
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mårtensson
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Segall
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Reidar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Lars-Ake
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers / Q000592:standards*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation*