title: Differential diagnosis between splenic nodules and peritoneal metastases with contrast-enhanced ultrasound based on signal-intensity characteristics during the late phase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to assess the enhancement characteristics of splenic implants and to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) after SonoVue injection allows the differential diagnosis with peritoneal metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen consecutive patients with splenosis and 13 consecutive patients with peritoneal metastases were investigated with CEUS after injection of 2.4 ml of SonoVue. Lesion enhancement was evaluated in real time for 240 s. All examinations were recorded digitally and analysed retrospectively. Frames were selected at different time intervals ranging from 0 to 4 min after injection. Average signal intensity was evaluated by measuring the average grey level in a region of interest encompassing the entire nodule. Results were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test and interobserver variability using the Bland and Altmann method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Splenic grafts presented with intense enhancement and without significant washout. Metastases presented with variable enhancement and progressive washout. Signal intensity values were significantly higher for splenic grafts, starting from 40 s after microbubble administration. Starting from 90 s after injection, there was no overlapping between enhancement of splenic grafts and peritoneal metastases, and only splenic grafts showed a percent of enhancement higher than 60% of the maximum enhancement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS after SonoVue injection may be considered a valuable alternative to scintigraphy for characterising peritoneal splenic grafts without radiation.
authors.affiliation: UCO di Radiologia, Università di Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 449, 34149, Trieste, Italy. bertolot@units.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quaia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zappetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cester
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turoldo
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013156:Splenectomy; D017890:Splenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride