title: [Treatment strategies and results of orbital malignancies in childhood].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Each year approximately 1,800 children are diagnosed with cancer in Germany. The orbit is a very rare manifestation site for malignancies in childhood. The most common primary malignant orbital tumour is the rhabdomyosarcoma. Secondary orbital tumours are generally metastases of neuroblastomas or haematological diseases. The five-year survival rate of children with rhabdomyosarcomas has increased to 90 % in the past 30 years due to innovations in radiation and chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A paediatric oncological interdisciplinary approach is taken in the diagnostics and therapy for these rare tumours and is based on therapy optimisation studies that include polychemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We discuss the current multimodal therapy strategies and results, as well as the role of the ophthalmologist, in the medical care of young patients with malignant orbital tumours, with examples of individual courses of rhabdomyosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the few life-threatening diseases often first seen by an ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologist's prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy therefore strongly influences the patient's chance of survival. The role of the ophthalmologist in the medical care of children with orbital malignancies includes a timely clinical diagnosis with histological confirmation, close monitoring of visual functions, the management of ocular complications, as well as long-term follow-up care to detect later therapeutic side effects and/or complications. The treatment of children with suspected tumours is best performed in paediatric oncological centres with access to all necessary specialties in order to ensure rapid diagnosis and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Die Institutsangaben sind am Ende des Beitrags gelistet. ina.sterker@medizin.unileipzig.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sterker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: R-D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kortmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittekind
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bierbach
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*