title: Study of a new indirect method based on absolute norms of variation to detect autologous blood transfusion.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate an indirect method based on a determination of absolute norms of variation in biological markers that could be used to identify autologous blood transfusion within the framework of the fight against doping. The selection of markers was made from experimental variations obtained during different phases including an increase in training volume at sea level, high altitude training, blood withdrawal and autologous blood reinfusion. The global statistical method was then developed in order to fix absolute norms of variation for each selected marker. The markers selected were haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), stimulation index (Off-hr) and the absolute norms of variation (normDelta) established for a maximal 15 days period were normDeltaHct(0-15) >6%, normDelta[Hb](0-15) >4% and normDeltaOff-hr(0-15) >20%. From analyses between two blood samples spaced at an interval of maximum 15 days, this method allows to show "abnormal" variation when a variation for one of the selected markers is strictly superior to the absolute norms of variation established. The legal framework for an immediate application of this method could be that of the internal regulations implemented by each international federation in accordance with the health policy in vigour.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine du Sport Pavillon A, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France. p.sallet@athletesfortransparency.com.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sallet
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine du Sport Pavillon A, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunet-Guedj
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine du Sport Pavillon A, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mornex
authors.affiliation: Unité U INSERM 499, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baverel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D004300:Doping in Sports; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins