title: Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in livers following hepatectomy prolongs survival of allogeneic hepatocytes after transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catalyzes the breakdown of tryptophan into kyneurenine, has immunologic significance for the induction of maternal tolerance and liver allograft tolerance by inhibiting T-cell activation. In the present study, we compared survival of syngeneic or allogeneic hepatocytes in livers with or without hepatectomy. Subsequently, we investigated gene expression and localization of IDO in the recipient liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  DA and Fisher 344 rats were used in the following experimental groups: group 1, DA hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; group 2, Fisher 344 hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; group 3, DA hepatocytes transplanted into nonhepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; and group 4, Fisher 344 hepatocytes transplanted into nonhepatectomized Fisher 344 rats. After transplantation, the surviving cells were evaluated on day 5. The IDO signal of the recipient liver was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the hepatectomized groups subjected to allogeneic or syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation, the number of surviving hepatocytes was greater than in the nonhepatectomized group after transplantation. The IDO signals (RT-PCR) in the hepatectomized groups were stronger than those in the nonhepatectomized groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the IDO signal is located in liver antigen-presenting cells, such as Kupffer cells or dendritic cells, and not expressed in hepatocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that IDO is induced in antigen-presenting cells of hepatectomized livers by which subsequently transplanted cells may be protected from rejection by inhibiting indirect or direct recognition of donor antigen and further T-cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jawan
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizato
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4