Venous air embolism during surgery, especially cesarean delivery.
Venous air embolism (VAE) is the entrapment of air or medical gases into the venous system causing symptoms and signs of pulmonary vessel obstruction. The incidence of VAE during cesarean delivery ranges from 10 to 97% depending on surgical position or diagnostic tools, with a potential for life-threatening events. We reviewed extensive literatures regarding VAE in detail and herein described VAE during surgery including cesarean delivery from background and history to treatment and prevention. It is intended that present work will improve the understanding of VAE during surgery.
Kim
Chang Seok
CS
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Liu
Jia
J
Kwon
Ja-Young
JY
Shin
Seo Kyung
SK
Kim
Ki Jun
KJ
D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods