title: Angry wives, abusive husbands: relationship between domestic violence and psychosocial variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A small number of studies conducted in Pakistan have shown high rates of domestic violence. None of the studies, however, discussed associated psychosocial factors. We interviewed a group of women to look at violence and associated psychosocial factors. We wanted to see if self-esteem, quality of relationships, social support, stressful life events, psychiatric symptoms, and different measures of anger were associated with domestic violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional survey of women presenting to primary care physicians, we used Women's Experience with Battering and Domestic Abuse Checklist to measure domestic violence. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Oslo Social Support Scale, State Trait Anger Inventory, and Evaluative Belief Scale were used to look at the correlates of violence. We used the information in a regression model to identify independent predictors of violence in this sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than half of the women reported experiencing battering and/or violence. Women in abusive relationships reported unhappiness with their intimate relationships and had high scores on 1 subscale of anger. Living in extended families was protective against violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to replicate findings that women in abusive relationships are not satisfied with the relationships with their partners. Living in extended families was protective against violence. Community studies may provide a better design to look at the association between abuse and poverty, literacy, self-esteem, and social support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Zayed Medical College & Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.forename: Qaiser A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingdon
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayub
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult