title: Using ratchets and sorters to fractionate motile cells of Escherichia coli by length.
abstract: This paper describes the fabrication of a composite agar/PDMS device for enriching short cells in a population of motile Escherichia coli. The device incorporated ratcheting microchannels, which directed the motion of swimming cells of E. coli through the device, and three sorting junctions, which isolated successively shorter populations of bacteria. The ratcheting microchannels guided cells through the device with an average rate of displacement of (32 +/- 9) microm s(-1). Within the device, the average length of the cells decreased from 3.8 microm (Coefficient of Variation, CV: 21%) at the entrance, to 3.4 microm (CV: 16%) after the first sorting junction, to 3.2 mum (CV: 19%) after the second sorting junction, to 3.0 mum (CV: 19%) after the third sorting junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elizabeth Hulme
authors.forename: Willow R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: DiLuzio
authors.forename: Sergey S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shevkoplyas
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Howard C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Whitesides
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D002458:Cell Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology*; D044085:Microfluidics
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; C013830:baysilon; D000362:Agar