title: [The effect of smoke and alcohol abuse to voice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore parameters which can discriminate the voice of smoke and alcohol abuse and healthy voice by contrasting the voice parameters of two groups, and to study the pathogenic mechanism of the adverse effect of smoke and alcohol abuse to voice by the change of parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selecting 33 male subjects with smoke and alcohol abuse, and selecting other 33 healthy male subjects with no smoking and alcohol abuse and no ENT disease as control, randomly. Assessed by "vocal assessment", each subject was required to phonate /ae/ for 3 s, voice parameters including F0, Jitter, NNE and CQ were collected for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant difference between smoke and alcohol abuse group and controlled group on the voice parameters (P < 0.01). F0 of the former is significantly lower than that of the latter (P < 0.01). Jitter of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter (P < 0.01). NNE of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter. CQ of the former is significantly smaller than that of the latter (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoke and alcohol abuse had the adverse effect on the human voice. Both theory and experiment analysis were useful methods of selecting sensitive parameters. F0, Jitter, NNE and CQ were effect parameters which can reflect the voice characteristic of smoke and alcohol abuse, and can be used to monitor the effect of therapy for this kind of pathological voice.
authors.affiliation: Pre-education and Special Education School, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000437:Alcoholism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012906:Smoke; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke