title: Female crucian carp, Carassius carassius, lose predator avoidance behavior when getting ready to mate.
abstract: In predator-prey interactions, the prey often have to compromise fitness-related behaviors such as feeding, courting, and territorial defense in order to avoid predators. In these trade-off situations, some behaviors have priority over others. These priorities are not rigid, and may be context-dependent; for instance, many animals show increased risk-taking during courtship behavior by paying less attention to potential predators. We investigated whether the fright reaction, a stereotypical avoidance response to olfactory cues from injured conspecifics, may be affected by reproductive status in a teleost fish, the crucian carp. We demonstrate that among individuals not responding to alarm substances with a fright reaction, the majority were ovulated or spermiated. In females, mean plasma concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone, gonadal steroids known to decrease during the later stages of sexual maturation, were lower in the individuals not responding with a fright reaction compared to those responding. In males, there were no differences between responsive and non-responsive individuals in mean plasma levels of androgens (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) involved in spermatogenesis and male sexual behavior. As the fright reaction in crucian carp consists of behavior incompatible with spawning behavior, we hypothesize that this short-term suppression of the alarm response has evolved so that spawning can occur uninterrupted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box. 1041, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. stinel@imbv.uio.no
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lastein
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Oyvind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Overli
authors.forename: Kjell B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Døving
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C003600:11-ketotestosterone