title: Association of elimination dysfunction and body mass index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reported prevalence of mild and severe obesity among US children is 30% and 15%, respectively. Childhood obesity likely relates to alterations in diet that also may cause constipation. We investigated the relationship between obesity and various forms of elimination dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 251 patients who were diagnosed as having elimination dysfunction were analyzed retrospectively. Each patient's age, weight, height and diagnosis were evaluated and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The percentile BMI was then analyzed based on diagnosis. BMI percentile> or =85% was defined as mild obesity and BMI percentile> or =95% was defined as severe obesity. The patients were divided into four groups based on diagnosis: constipation (n=70), enuresis+constipation (n=21), daytime incontinence (n=96) and nocturnal enuresis (n=64).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 9 years (range: 4-18 years). In the group with enuresis and constipation, 8/21 (38%) were mildly and 5/21 (24%) severely obese. Of patients with daytime incontinence, 36/70 (51%) were mildly and 22 (31%) severely obese, and of those with nocturnal enuresis alone, 35 (55%) were mildly and 20/64 (31%) severely obese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of children with voiding dysfunction, 62-86% are also obese. This is almost double the rate in the normal population. These conditions may have a common etiology.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. erdemerim@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Erim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Alpha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Feustel