title: Biomarkers for prostate cancer.
abstract: The development of biomarkers for prostate cancer screening, detection, and prognostication has revolutionized the management of this disease. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful, though not specific, biomarker for detecting prostate cancer. We review the literature on prostate cancer biomarkers, including serum markers (PAP, tPSA, fPSA, proPSA, PSAD, PSAV, PSADT, EPCA, and EPCA-2), tissue markers (AMACR, methylated GSTP1, and the TMPRSS2-ETS gene rearrangement), and a urine marker (DD3PCA3/UPM-3). Future research should focus on validation of already existing biomarkers and the discovery of new markers to identify men with aggressive prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. dmakarov@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Danil V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Getzenberg
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Partin
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen