title: NF-KappaB expression correlates with apoptosis and angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequently encountered tumor in the adult kidney. Many factors are known to take part in the development and progression of this tumor. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a family of the genes that includes five members acting in events such as inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, the role of NF-kappaB (p50 subunit) in ccRCC and its relation to angiogenesis and apoptosis were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 40 patients with ccRCC were studied. Expressions of NF-kappaB (p50), VEGF, EGFR, bc1-2 and p53 were detected immunohistochemically. The relationship of NF-kappaB with these markers and clinicopathological findings were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of NF-kappaB was detected in 35 (85%), VEGF in 37 (92.5%), EGFR in 38 (95%), bc1-2 in 33 (82.5%) and p53 in 13 (32.5%) of 40 ccRCC patients. Statistical analyses revealed a significant relation between NF-kappaB expression and VEGF (p = 0.001), EGFR (p = 0.004), bc1-2 (p = 0.010) and p53 (p = 0.037). There was no significant correlation between NF-kappaB and such parameters as tumor grade, stage, age and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that in ccRCC cases NF-kappaB was associated with markers of angiogenesis and apoptosis such as VEGF, EGFR, bc1-2 and p53. In addition, the results did not only suggest a close relationship between NF-kappaB and VEGF, EGFR, bc1-2 and p53 in ccRCC, but also indicate that NF-kappaB was a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ccRCC resistant to chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Adnan Menderes University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, 09100-Aydin, Turkey. imete69@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meteoglu
authors.forename: Ibrahim H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Erdogdu
authors.forename: Nezih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meydan
authors.forename: Muhan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkus
authors.forename: Sabri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barutca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors