title: Memory-enhancing treatments reverse the impairment of inhibitory avoidance retention in sepsis-surviving rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survivors from sepsis have presented with long-term cognitive impairment, including alterations in memory, attention, concentration, and global loss of cognitive function. Thus, we evaluated the effects of memory enhancers in sepsis-surviving rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) (sepsis group) with 'basic support' (saline at 50 mL/kg immediately and 12 hours after CLP plus ceftriaxone at 30 mg/kg and clindamycin at 25 mg/kg 6, 12, and 18 hours after CLP) or sham-operated (control group). After 10 or 30 days, rats were submitted to an inhibitory avoidance task. After task training, animals received injections of saline, epinephrine, naloxone, dexamethasone, or glucose. Twenty-four hours afterwards, animals were submitted to the inhibitory avoidance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that memory enhancers reversed impairment in the sepsis group 10 and 30 days after sepsis induction. This effect was of lower magnitude when compared with sham animals 10 days, but not 30 days, after sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using different pharmacologic approaches, we conclude that the adrenergic memory formation pathways are responsive in sepsis-surviving animals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lisiane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuon
authors.forename: Clarissa M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Comim
authors.forename: Fabrícia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barichello
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000502:physiology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic