title: Immunohistochemical detection of Influenza virus infection in formalin-fixed tissues with anti-H5 monoclonal antibody recognizing FFWTILKP.
abstract: The worldwide outbreak of avian influenza among poultry species and humans is associated with the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza A virus (AIV). This highlighted the need to develop safe H5 AIV diagnostic methods. 7H10, an H5-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab), can be used for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for formalin-fixed tissue. An assortment of H5N1 tissue specimens infected naturally in paraffin sections from Asia, between years 2002-2006, including one human specimen, were tested. 7H10 detected H5 infection in all of these tissue samples infected naturally. In addition, 24 different human H5N1 isolates from Indonesia, 5 avian H5 isolates and 3 non-H5 isolates from Asia were inoculated into BALB/C mice and chicken embryos. Among these influenza viruses, 7H10 detected 28 of the 29 H5 virus strains by immunohistochemical staining, while none of non-H5 strains used in this study could be detected by 7H10, confirming its specificity to H5. Further, the eight-residue-long linear epitope, "FFWTILKP", identified through epitope mapping, enables 7H10 to detect >98.3% of H5 subtype viruses reported worldwide before 2007. This study describes a specific H5 diagnostic system with minimal possibility of exposure to live virus based on immunochemical staining.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yuenfern
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D005557:Formaldehyde