title: Introduction: contributions of the cooperative groups.
authors.affiliation: Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Comis
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schilsky
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012106:Research / Q000458:organization & administration