title: Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and maternally reported developmental milestones in infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are fluorinated organic compounds present in the general population at low concentrations. Animal studies have shown that they may affect neuromuscular development at high concentrations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between plasma levels of PFOS and PFOA in pregnant women and motor and mental developmental milestones of their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly selected 1,400 pairs of pregnant women and their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort. PFOS and PFOA were measured in maternal blood samples taken in early pregnancy. Apgar score was abstracted from the National Hospital Discharge Register in Denmark. Developmental milestones were reported by mothers using highly structured questionnaires when the children were around 6 months and 18 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers who had higher levels of PFOA and PFOS gave birth to children who had similar Apgar scores and reached virtually all of the development milestones at the same time as children born to mothers with lower exposure levels. Children who were born to mothers with higher PFOS levels were slightly more likely to start sitting without support at a later age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no convincing associations between developmental milestones in early childhood and levels of PFOA or PFOS as measured in maternal plasma early in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA. cfei@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Chunyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipworth
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid