title: p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation.
abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumour presenting as one of two subtypes with distinct clinical histories and molecular profiles. The primary GBM subtype presents acutely as a high-grade disease that typically harbours mutations in EGFR, PTEN and INK4A/ARF (also known as CDKN2A), and the secondary GBM subtype evolves from the slow progression of a low-grade disease that classically possesses PDGF and TP53 events. Here we show that concomitant central nervous system (CNS)-specific deletion of p53 and Pten in the mouse CNS generates a penetrant acute-onset high-grade malignant glioma phenotype with notable clinical, pathological and molecular resemblance to primary GBM in humans. This genetic observation prompted TP53 and PTEN mutational analysis in human primary GBM, demonstrating unexpectedly frequent inactivating mutations of TP53 as well as the expected PTEN mutations. Integrated transcriptomic profiling, in silico promoter analysis and functional studies of murine neural stem cells (NSCs) established that dual, but not singular, inactivation of p53 and Pten promotes an undifferentiated state with high renewal potential and drives increased Myc protein levels and its associated signature. Functional studies validated increased Myc activity as a potent contributor to the impaired differentiation and enhanced renewal of NSCs doubly null for p53 and Pten (p53(-/-) Pten(-/-)) as well as tumour neurospheres (TNSs) derived from this model. Myc also serves to maintain robust tumorigenic potential of p53(-/-) Pten(-/-) TNSs. These murine modelling studies, together with confirmatory transcriptomic/promoter studies in human primary GBM, validate a pathogenetic role of a common tumour suppressor mutation profile in human primary GBM and establish Myc as an important target for cooperative actions of p53 and Pten in the regulation of normal and malignant stem/progenitor cell differentiation, self-renewal and tumorigenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Hongwu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Haoqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Alec C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kimmelman
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: An-Jou
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tonon
authors.forename: Gerald C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Zhihu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jayne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stommel
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Ruprecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiedemeyer
authors.forename: Mingjian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Y Alan
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ligon
authors.forename: Wing H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DePinho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C489428:Myc protein, mouse; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; C487757:Pten protein, mouse