title: Does neighboring group participation by non-vicinal esters play a role in glycosylation reactions? Effective probes for the detection of bridging intermediates.
abstract: Neighboring group participation in glycopyranosylation reactions is probed for esters at the 3-O-axial and -equatorial, 4-O-axial and -equatorial, and 6-O-sites of a range of donors through the use tert-butoxycarbonyl esters. The anticipated intermediate cyclic dioxanyl cation is interrupted for the axial 3-O-derivative, leading to the formation of a 1,3-O-cyclic carbonate ester, with loss of a tert-butyl cation, providing convincing evidence of participation by esters at that position. However, no evidence was found for such a fragmentation of carbonate esters at the 3-O-equatorial, 4-O-axial and -equatorial, and 6-O positions, indicating that neighboring group participation from those sites does not occur under typical glycosylation conditions. Further probes employing a 4-O-(2-carboxy)benzoate ester and a 4-O-(4-methoxybenzoate) ester, the latter in conjunction with an (18)O quench designed to detect bridging intermediates, also failed to provide evidence for participation by 4-O-esters in galactopyranosylation.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. dcrich@chem.wayne.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crich
authors.forename: Tianshun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D006031:Glycosylation; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D009844:Oligosaccharides