NCBI GEO: archive for high-throughput functional genomic data.
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is the largest public repository for high-throughput gene expression data. Additionally, GEO hosts other categories of high-throughput functional genomic data, including those that examine genome copy number variations, chromatin structure, methylation status and transcription factor binding. These data are generated by the research community using high-throughput technologies like microarrays and, more recently, next-generation sequencing. The database has a flexible infrastructure that can capture fully annotated raw and processed data, enabling compliance with major community-derived scientific reporting standards such as 'Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment' (MIAME). In addition to serving as a centralized data storage hub, GEO offers many tools and features that allow users to effectively explore, analyze and download expression data from both gene-centric and experiment-centric perspectives. This article summarizes the GEO repository structure, content and operating procedures, as well as recently introduced data mining features. GEO is freely accessible at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.
Barrett
Tanya
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. barrett@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Troup
Dennis B
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Wilhite
Stephen E
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Ledoux
Pierre
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Rudnev
Dmitry
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Evangelista
Carlos
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Kim
Irene F
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Soboleva
Alexandra
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Tomashevsky
Maxim
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Marshall
Kimberly A
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Phillippy
Katherine H
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Sherman
Patti M
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Muertter
Rolf N
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Edgar
Ron
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D003196:Computer Graphics; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023281:Genomics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012984:Software