title: Prevalence of genetic mutations in protein S, protein C and antithrombin genes in Japanese patients with deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic deficiencies of PROS1, PROC, and SERPINC1 (antithrombin) are risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Diagnosis of the inherited deficiencies of these three genes is sometimes difficult because of the phenotypic variability. This study was undertaken to reveal the frequency of nonsynonymous mutations of these three genes in Japanese DVT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-three DVT patients were registered by the Sub-group of Blood Coagulation Abnormality, from the Study Group of Research on Measures for Intractable Diseases. We sequenced the entire coding regions of the three genes in all DNA samples and identified the nonsynonymous mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For PROS1 we identified 15 nonsynonymous mutations in 28 DVT patients; for PROC, 10 nonsynonymous mutations in 17 patients; and for SERPINC1, 13 nonsynonymous mutations in 14 patients. Five patients had two mutations in PROS1 and PROC, and all of them had PROS1 K196E mutation. We previously identified one patient with a large PROS1 gene deletion. Thus, 55 out of 173 patients (32%) carried at least one genetic defect in the three genes. The PROS1 K196E mutation found in 15 Japanese DVT patients was the most prevalent. Mutations of PROC K193del and V339M were the second, each found in four patients. Our data suggested that the PROC K193del mutation caused the loss of the anticoagulant activity but not the amidolytic activity. Our effort is the first DNA resequencing study to identify the genetic variations in DVT patients without any consideration of their plasma activities and antigens. To minimize selection bias in a future evaluation of the contribution of genetic deficiency to DVT, we must recruit patients consecutively.
authors.affiliation: National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan. miyata@ri.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokame
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Etsuji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suehisa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madoiwa
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Tetsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000483:Alleles; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D011486:Protein C / Q000235:genetics*; D017293:Protein S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012737:Sex Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S