title: Development and assessment of a new early scoring system using non-specific clinical signs and biological results to identify children and adult patients with a high probability of infective endocarditis on admission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether non-specific clinical signs or biological results can identify patients with a high probability of infective endocarditis (IE) to improve outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients tested for IE were included in a cohort and classified according to the modified Duke criteria. Patients with rejected endocarditis served as controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a score was calculated by adding 1 when a variable independently associated with IE (excluding major Duke criteria) was present and 0 when the variable was absent. A second score for patients with prior valvular damage (PVD) was also used. Scores were evaluated using the ROC curve method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IE was diagnosed in 402 of 2039 participants (19.7%). By multivariate analysis, PVD, fever, emboli, stroke, splenomegaly, finger clubbing, leucocytosis and erythrocyte sediment rate >50 were independently associated with IE. The rate of IE increased significantly from 4% (10/254) for a score of 0 to 83% (10/12) for a score of 6 in all patients, and from 9.5% (23/241) to 100% (10/10) in patients with PVD. The area under the ROC curve was 0.75 for the first score and 0.7 for the second. In a prospective study of 117 patients with suspicion of IE, the proportion of confirmed IE was 19% and the area under the ROC curve was 0.72.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple score can be used to identify patients with a high probability of IE, in the emergency room or on admission, to speed up diagnosis, or to initiate empirical antimicrobial therapy without replacing the modified Duke criteria.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richet
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Casalta
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thuny
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mérrien
authors.forename: Jean-Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harlé
authors.forename: Pierre-Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve