title: Long-term outcome of vaginal reconstruction: comparing techniques and timing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a retrospective review, to analyse the long-term outcomes of vaginal reconstruction, comparing techniques and timing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 63 patients who underwent a total of 71 vaginoplasties in 1985-2000. The techniques used were posterior skin flap (42), intestinal replacement (21) and pull through (8). The majority of operations were performed before puberty (63%) and as primary procedures (79%). Presenting diagnoses were congenital adrenal hyperplasia (23), cloacal exstrophy (8), true persistent cloaca (12), androgen insensitivity (8), urogenital sinus anomaly (6), mixed gonadal dysgenesis (3), true hermaphroditism (2) and sacrococcygeal teratoma (1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at operation was 83.9 (2-235) and mean follow up was 116.8 (48-232) months. Strictures and discharge were the most common problems. Nine patients underwent revision surgery and a fistula repair was required in two patients. Mucosal prolapse was observed in one ileo- and one colovaginoplasty patient, and diversion colitis occurred after colovaginoplasty in one patient. More complications occurred in operations performed prior to than following puberty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If vaginoplasty is the only indicated operation, delaying until puberty may minimize complications. When other genital surgery is indicated or in the presence of symptoms pre-pubertal vaginoplasty should be performed, since the second procedure usually involves simple dilatations and is associated with good results.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital NHS Trust and Guys Hospital, London, UK. berkburgu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Berk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burgu
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuckow
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ransley
authors.forename: Duncan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wilcox