title: Dendritic NMDA receptors activate axonal calcium channels.
abstract: NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation can alter synaptic strength by regulating transmitter release from a variety of neurons in the CNS. As NMDARs are permeable to Ca(2+) and monovalent cations, they could alter release directly by increasing presynaptic Ca(2+) or indirectly by axonal depolarization sufficient to activate voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels (VSCCs). Using two-photon microscopy to measure Ca(2+) excursions, we found that somatic depolarization or focal activation of dendritic NMDARs elicited small Ca(2+) transients in axon varicosities of cerebellar stellate cell interneurons. These axonal transients resulted from Ca(2+) entry through VSCCs that were opened by the electrotonic spread of the NMDAR-mediated depolarization elicited in the dendrites. In contrast, we were unable to detect direct activation of NMDARs on axons, indicating an exclusive somatodendritic expression of functional NMDARs. In cerebellar stellate cells, dendritic NMDAR activation masquerades as a presynaptic phenomenon and may influence Ca(2+) -dependent forms of presynaptic plasticity and release.
authors.affiliation: Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. christij@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jahr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007395:Interneurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium