title: Complications of complex lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients with neurogenic versus nonneurogenic bladder--is there a difference?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The complications of lower urinary tract reconstruction have been well documented in children with neurogenic bladders. While most series include small numbers of nonneurogenic diagnoses, this group is typically underrepresented. Despite a number of fundamental anatomical and functional differences, a direct comparison of surgical complications of lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients with neurogenic vs nonneurogenic bladders has not been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified patients undergoing lower urinary tract reconstruction incorporating enterocystoplasty from 1996 to 2006. We performed a retrospective review of operative notes and medical records of patients who met inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into a neurogenic group and a nonneurogenic group based on the underlying diagnosis. The 2 groups were compared with respect to demographics, historical data, operative techniques, perioperative morbidity, long-term complications and need for surgical revision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 127 patients who met inclusion criteria 72 were assigned to the nonneurogenic group and 55 to the neurogenic group. Overall the rates of significant perioperative morbidity (39%), long-term complications (54%) and need for surgical revision (39%) were substantial. The rates of catheter related complications, rehospitalization for dehydration and spontaneous bladder rupture were higher in the neurogenic group (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the lower urinary tract in children is associated with a considerable rate of complications and need for surgical revision regardless of whether the bladder is neurogenic or nonneurogenic. Children with neurogenic bladders are more prone to spontaneous rupture, catheter mishaps and early rehospitalization for dehydration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. tnovak4@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Amirali Hassanzadeh
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Salmasi
authors.forename: Ranjiv I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Yegappan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult