title: [Stimulating autophagosome formation and inducing mixed cell death in HeLa cells by troglitazone].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of troglitazone on autophagy and programmed cell death of HeLa cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, western-blotting and flow cytometry were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Troglitazone increased the autophagosome formation of HeLa cell as observed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Immunoblotting further confirmed cell morphology observation upon the reagent stimulating by detecting an enhanced expression of LC3, an autophagic related gene. Besides apoptosis, troglitazone triggered a necrotic cell death in flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Troglitazone induced mixed type of cell death in HeLa cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microgbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. zhangwei_zifeiyu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang'ai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jinguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone