title: Variation in the definition of clinical target volumes for pelvic nodal conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a comparative study of clinical target volume (CTV) definition of pelvic lymph nodes by multiple genitourinary (GU) radiation oncologists looking at the levels of discrepancies amongst this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans from 2 men were distributed to 14 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group GU radiation oncologists with instructions to define CTVs for the iliac and presacral lymph nodes. The CT data with contours were then returned for analysis. In addition, a questionnaire was completed that described the physicians' method for target volume definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant variation in the definition of the iliac and presacral CTVs was seen among the physicians. The minimum, maximum, mean (SD) iliac volumes (mL) were 81.8, 876.6, 337.6 +/- 203 for case 1 and 60.3, 627.7, 251.8 +/- 159.3 for case 2. The volume of 100% agreement was 30.6 and 17.4 for case 1 and 2 and the volume of the union of all contours was 1,012.0 and 807.4 for case 1 and 2, respectively. The overall agreement was judged to be moderate in both cases (kappa = 0.53 (p < 0.0001) and kappa = 0.48 (p < 0.0001). There was no volume of 100% agreement for either of the two presacral volumes. These variations were confirmed in the responses to the associated questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant disagreement exists in the definition of the CTV for pelvic nodal radiation therapy among GU radiation oncology specialists. A consensus needs to be developed so as to accurately assess the merit and safety of such treatment.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. clawton@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Colleen A F
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El-Naqa
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuban
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zietman
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valicenti
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catton
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pisansky
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seider
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D032921:Consensus; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000592:standards*; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000592:standards*; D012007:Rectum; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014572:Urology / Q000592:standards