title: Dioxin activation of CYP1A5 promoter/enhancer regions from two avian species, common cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and chicken (Gallus gallus): association with aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 and 2 isoforms.
abstract: The present study focuses on the molecular mechanism and interspecies differences in susceptibility of avian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) signaling pathway. By the cloning of 5'-flanking regions of CYP1A5 gene from common cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and chicken (Gallus gallus), seven putative xenobiotic response elements (XREs) were identified within 2.7 kb upstream region of common cormorant CYP1A5 (ccCYP1A5), and six XREs were found within 0.9 kb of chicken CYP1A5 (ckCYP1A5). Analysis of sequential deletion and mutagenesis of the binding sites in avian CYP1A5 genes by in vitro reporter gene assays revealed that two XREs at -613 bp and -1585 bp in ccCYP1A5, and one XRE at -262 bp in ckCYP1A5 conferred TCDD-responsiveness. The binding of AHR1 with AHR nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1) to the functional XRE in a TCDD-dependent manner was verified with gel shift assays, suggesting that avian CYP1A5 is induced by TCDD through AHR1/ARNT1 signaling pathway as well as mammalian CYP1A1 but through a distinct pathway from mammalian CYP1A2, an ortholog of the CYP1A5. TCDD-EC(50) for the transcriptional activity in both cormorant AHR1- and AHR2-ccCYP1A5 reporter construct was 10-fold higher than that in chicken AHR1-ckCYP1A5 reporter construct. In contrast, chicken AHR2 showed no TCDD-dependent response. The TCDD-EC(50) for CYP1A5 transactivation was altered by switching AHR1 between the two avian species, irrespective of the species from which the regulatory region of CYP1A5 gene originates. Therefore, the structural difference in AHR, not the CYP1A5 regulatory region may be a major factor to account for the dioxin susceptibility in avian species.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jin-Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C108015:cytochrome P-450 CYP1A5