title: Characterization of the internal IRES element of the zebrafish connexin55.5 reveals functional implication of the polypyrimidine tract binding protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Connexin55.5 (Cx55.5) is a gap junction protein with horizontal cell-restricted expression in zebrafish accumulating at dendritic sites within the receptor-horizontal cell complex in form of hemichannels where light-dependent plasticity occurs. This connexin is the first example of a gap junction protein processed to form two protein isoforms from a monocistronic message by an IRES mediated process. The nuclear occurrence of a carboxy-terminal fragment of this protein provides evidence that this gap junction protein may participate in a putative cytoplasmic to nuclear signal transfer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We characterized the IRES element of Cx55.5 in terms of sequence elements necessary for its activity and protein factor(s), which may play a role for its function. Two stretches of polypyrimidine tracts designated PPT1 and PPT2 which influence the IRES activity of this neuronal gap junction protein were identified. Selective deletion of PPT1 results in an appreciable decrease of the IRES activity, while the deletion of PPT2 results in a complete loss. RNA-EMSA and UV-cross linking experiments showed that protein complexes bind to this IRES element, of which the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) was identified as one of the interacting partners with influence on IRES activity. These results indicate that PTB conveys a role in the regulation of the IRES activity of Cx55.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the activity of the IRES element of the neuronal gap junction protein Cx55.5 is subject of regulation through flanking polypyrimidine tracts, and that the non-canonical trans-activation factor PTB plays an essential role in this process. This observation is of considerable importance and may provide initial insight into molecular-functional relationships of electrical coupling in horizontal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. hussainjnu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ul-Hussain
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dermietzel
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoidl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C485616:cx55.5 protein, zebrafish; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein