title: The use of nasopharyngeal airways for airway diversion in anterior craniofacial resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon, but life-threatening, postoperative complication associated with craniofacial resection. This study was performed to evaluate our institution's experience using nasal trumpets for airway diversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent anterior craniofacial resection (ACR) from 2000 to 2006. After Institutional Review Board approval, charts were reviewed with specific attention to short- and long-term complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients have undergone ACR since 2000 and had nasopharyngeal airways postoperatively. Nineteen patients (86.4%) were extubated on the day of surgery. Fourteen patients (63.6%) spent 1 day in an intensive care unit for observation. Nasal trumpets remained in place for an average of 7.3 days and patients had an average hospital stay of 7.4 days. Complications occurred in 14 patients (63.6%), with infection as the most common cause. No cases of tension pneumocephalus, meningitis, epidural abscess, or bone flap loss occurred in this group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present the use of nasopharyngeal airways in postoperative ACR patients as a successful method of airway diversion, which can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumocephalus and related morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Derrick T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Fred G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Deschler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011007:Pneumocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000379:methods*