title: Consequences and prevention of inadvertent internal fixation of primary osseous sarcomas.
abstract: The evaluation and treatment of aggressive bone tumors continue to be diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. Despite compelling data regarding the hazards of biopsy, incomplete preoperative evaluation, inappropriate biopsy techniques, and premature surgical interventions continue to compromise optimal treatment of primary bone sarcomas. We retrospectively identified eight patients who had internal fixation of a primary bone sarcoma before referral to an orthopaedic oncology service. Six of the eight patients subsequently underwent amputations and two patients underwent limb salvage for local disease control. Biopsy techniques from referring institutions were highly variable, with only two of seven rendering an accurate diagnosis. The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 10.6 and four of eight patients were disease-free and alive at a minimum followup of 8 months (mean, 26.9 months; range, 8-80 months). Implant violation of primary bone malignancies was associated with frequent high-level amputation for local disease control and low Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores. Common errors in the initial evaluation and treatment included inadequate attention to patient history, incomplete radiographic evaluation, and improper biopsy and surgical techniques, which violated compartmental boundaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016960 (D-27), Miami, FL 33101, USA. sadams2@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Sheila Conway
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Zakariah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.forename: H Thomas
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Temple
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D023821:Limb Salvage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis