title: Prenatal buprenorphine exposure: effects on biochemical markers of hypoxia and early neonatal outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible association between prenatal buprenorphine exposure and compromised early neonatal outcome in view of markers of perinatal hypoxia. DESIGN, SETTING AND SAMPLE: The study group consisted of 27 full-term neonates exposed to buprenorphine prenatally and prospectively followed up at a special tertiary outpatient clinic for pregnant drug abusers. Serving as controls were 27 full-term neonates exposed prenatally to illicit substances other than opioids and 38 full-term neonates from uncomplicated pregnancies of healthy parturients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apgar scores, cord pH and base excess were recorded. Cord serum samples were collected at birth for analysis of biochemical markers of fetal hypoxic stress: erythropoietin (EPO; chronic hypoxia), cardiac troponin T (cardiac involvement) and S100 (neural damage).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All infants were born in good condition according to Apgar scores and pH of cord blood. No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups in cord serum concentrations of EPO (33.0 median, range: 9.0-476.0 U/L in the buprenorphine-exposed group vs 27.0, range: 8.0-114.0 U/L in substance-abusing controls vs 28.1, range: 11.6-260.0 U/L in healthy controls) or S100 (0.47, range: 0.25-0.91 microg/L vs 0.40, range: 0.12-1.22 microg/L vs 0.47, range: 0.20-2.15 microg/L). No significant differences existed in cardiac TnT levels (0.017, range: 0.010-0.072 U/L vs 0.010, range: 0.010-0.075 U/L vs 0.024, range: 0.010-0.075 U/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While no significant differences in asphyxia markers were observed between the three groups, a tendency towards higher levels of EPO emerged in the buprenorphine-exposed group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Clinic Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. hanna.kahila@hus.fi
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahila
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukovaara
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alfthan
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: Erja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halmesmäki
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009294:Narcotics; D009418:S100 Proteins; D020107:Troponin T; D004921:Erythropoietin; D002047:Buprenorphine