title: Occlusive vs gauze dressings for local wound care in surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare effectiveness and costs of gauze-based vs occlusive, moist-environment dressing principles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-five hospitalized surgical patients with open wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received occlusive (ie, foams, alginates, hydrogels, hydrocolloids, hydrofibers, or films) or gauze-based dressings until their wounds were completely healed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary end points were complete wound healing, pain during dressing changes, and costs. Secondary end point was length of hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to complete wound healing did not differ significantly between occlusive (median, 66 days; interquartile range [IQR], 29-133 days) and gauze-based dressing groups (median, 45 days; IQR, 26-106 days; log-rank P = .31). Postoperative wounds (62% of the wounds included) healed significantly (P = .02) quicker using gauze dressings (median, 45 days; IQR, 22-93 days vs median, 72 days; IQR, 36-132 days). Median pain scores were low and similar in the occlusive (0.90; IQR, 0.29-2.34) and the gauze (0.64; IQR, 0.22-1.95) groups (P = .32). Daily costs of occlusive materials were significantly higher (occlusive, euro6.34 [US $9.95] vs gauze, euro1.85 [US $2.90]; P < .001), but nursing time costs per day were significantly higher when gauze was used (occlusive, euro1.28 [US $2.01] vs gauze, euro2.41 [US $3.78]; P < .001). Total cost for local wound care per patient per day during hospitalization was euro7.48 (US $11.74) in the occlusive group and euro3.98 (US $6.25) in the gauze-based group (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occlusive, moist-environment dressing principle in the clinical surgical setting does not lead to quicker wound healing or less pain than gauze dressings. The lower costs of less frequent dressing changes do not balance the higher costs of occlusive materials. Trial Registration trialregister.nl Identifier: 56264738.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Room J1B-215, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands. d.ubbink@amc.nl
authors.forename: Dirk T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ubbink
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Raoul B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kelner
authors.forename: Sanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Maarten J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lubbers
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D001458:Bandages / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047070:Bandages, Hydrocolloid / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017046:Cost Savings; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009779:Occlusive Dressings / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy