title: Sustained persistence of transplanted proangiogenic cells contributes to neovascularization and cardiac function after ischemia.
abstract: Circulating blood-derived vasculogenic cells improve neovascularization of ischemic tissue by a broad repertoire of potential therapeutic actions. Whereas initial studies documented that the cells incorporate and differentiate to cardiovascular cells, other studies suggested that short-time paracrine mechanisms mediate the beneficial effects. The question remains to what extent a physical incorporation is contributing to the beneficial effects of cell therapy. By using the inducible suicide gene thymidine kinase to deplete transplanted cells, we determined the contribution of physical incorporation in 3 animal models. After acute myocardial infarction, depletion of cells 14 days after infusion resulted in a reduction of capillary density and a substantial deterioration of heart function. Likewise, neovascularization of Matrigel plugs and ischemic limbs was significantly suppressed when infused cells were depleted 7 days after infusion. Induction of cell death in the previously transplanted cells reduced perfusion and led to vascular leakage as evidenced by Evans blue extravasation. These results indicate that physical incorporation and persistence of cells contribute to cell-mediated improvement of neovascularization and cardiac function. Long-term paracrine activities and/or cell intrinsic mechanisms may have contributed to the maintenance of functional improvement.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziebart
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trepels
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wietelmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiessling
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grez
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ihling
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muhly-Reinholz
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urbich
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimmeler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000503:physiopathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins