title: Induction of apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells by crude saponin from Platycodi Radix.
abstract: This study examined the apoptotic effects of crude saponins acquired from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (SPR) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. SPR decreased HT-29 cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners by inducing apoptosis via DNA fragmentation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. The apoptosis induced by SPR was associated with the activation of initiator caspases-8 and -9, as well as the effector caspase-3. SPR stimulated Bid cleavage, indicating that the apoptotic action of caspase-8-mediated Bid cleavage leads to the activation of caspase-9. SPR increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. SPR also increased the expression of the caspase-independent mitochondrial apoptosis factor, AIF, in HT-29 cells. These results indicate that SPR inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated via both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Wuk
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang-Deog
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Ki-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Kwon-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012503:Saponins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D020169:Caspases