title: Glucose metabolism by lymphocytes, macrophages, and tumor cells from Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with fish oil for one generation.
abstract: Here we investigated the effect of lifelong supplementation of the diet with coconut fat (CO, rich in saturated fatty acids) or fish oil (FO, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) on tumor growth and lactate production from glucose in Walker 256 tumor cells, peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and gut-associated lymphocytes. Female Wistar rats were supplemented with CO or FO prior to mating and then throughout pregnancy and gestation and then the male offspring were supplemented from weaning until 90 days of age. Then they were inoculated subcutaneously with Walker 256 tumor cells. Tumor weight at 14 days in control rats (those fed standard chow) and CO supplemented was approximately 30 g. Supplementation of the diet with FO significantly reduced tumor growth by 76%. Lactate production (nmol h(-1) mg(-1) protein) from glucose by Walker 256 cells in the group fed regular chow (W) was 381.8 +/- 14.9. Supplementation with coconut fat (WCO) caused a significant reduction in lactate production by 1.6-fold and with fish oil (WFO) by 3.8-fold. Spleen lymphocytes obtained from W and WCO groups had markedly increased lactate production (553 +/- 70 and 635 +/- 150) when compared to non-tumor-bearing rats ( approximately 260 +/- 30). FO supplementation reduced significantly the lactate production (297 +/- 50). Gut-associated lymphocytes obtained from W and WCO groups increased lactate production markedly (280 +/- 31 and 276 +/- 25) when compared to non-tumor-bearing rats ( approximately 90 +/- 18). FO supplementation reduced significantly the lactate production (168 +/- 14). Lactate production by peritoneal macrophages was increased by tumor burden but there was no difference between the groups fed the various diets. Lifelong consumption of FO protects against tumor growth and modifies glucose metabolism in Walker tumor cells and lymphocytes but not in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba-Pr, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Karla D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.forename: Francilene
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denes
authors.forename: Ricardo K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Fábio A P
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Sandro M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hirabara
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tchaikovski
authors.forename: Marcos de A
authors.initials: Mde A
authors.lastname: Kaelher
authors.forename: Gleysson A P
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002279:Carcinoma 256, Walker / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D019344:Lactic Acid