title: Urethral reconstruction in balanitis xerotica obliterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the results of utilizing different grafts for substitution urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture caused by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO).
  
  
  METHODS
  153 patients who underwent substitution urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures were included in this study. The stricture length varied from 3.8 to 16.4 cm (mean 10.2 cm). In 32% of the patients (49), local genital, penile (18), perineal (16) and scrotal (15) skin grafts were used. Over the 3 years our standard treatment policy has been to utilize a free mucosal graft from a non-genital area. Buccal mucosa was the most preferred, utilized in 74 (48.3%) patients and bladder mucosa in 12 (7.8%). Recently we have used lingual mucosal grafts in 18 (11.7%) patients for substitution urethroplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate for non-genital mucosal graft was 92.2%. The remaining 8 patients required more than one supplementary procedure postoperatively but none required a second urethroplasty. Of 49 patients who underwent substitution urethroplasty utilizing genital skin, the success rate was only 4%. 16.3% required one and 14.3% required multiple auxiliary procedures postoperatively. 34 patients (69.4%) required subsequent urethral reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A free graft urethroplasty using non-genital skin is recommended for anterior urethral stricture related to BXO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Udai S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Pratap B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052798:Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000637:transplantation*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult