title: Reprotoxicity of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer disposables and products: a 4-year survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test consumables and other products used during oocyte collection, sperm preparation, IUI, embryo culture, and IVF-embryo transfer for their possible reprotoxic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective 4-year survey of reprotoxicity testing of consumables and other products used in assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Private infertility center in a university-affiliated teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six products of 72 different brands, including plastics, syringes, tubing, and surgical gloves were analyzed for their reprotoxicity in 350 human sperm survival tests (SpST).
  
  
  METHODS
  The SpST index: percentage progressive motility of test sample/percentage progressive motility of control sample after 24 and 96 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 36 products were found to be reprotoxic: an SpST index <0.85 was noted 24 and 96 hours after exposure. These products included eight brands of unpowdered surgical gloves, two types of hysterometers and one type of tubing attached to the oocyte collection needle, one type of ovum pickup procedure needle, and one type of embryo transfer catheter. One type of condom used for ultrasound, one type of sterile Pasteur pipette and petri dish, as well as the cover of a specimen container, were reprotoxic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SpST is an inexpensive, easy, and reliable method to identify potential reprotoxic products and consumables used in ART procedures. These data underline the importance of the inclusion of the SpST in a continuous quality control (QC) program of ART outcome.
authors.affiliation: Genk Institute for Fertility Technology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium. martine.nijs@zol.be
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nijs
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Dolf
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wissmann
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruis
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ombelet
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods