title: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is a novel and early marker of asymptomatic LEAD in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is often one of the first signs of a generalized atherosclerotic disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 143 diabetic subjects at 30-70 years of age, M/F 69/74, 74 with type 1 and 69 with type 2 diabetes, without previously known or suspected lower extremity arterial disease. The relationship between early asymptomatic lower extremity arterial disease and blood levels of HbA1c, lipids and fibrinolysis markers (tPA-activity, tPA mass, PAI-1 activity, tPA-PAI-1 complex) was assessed. In parallel, a group with non-diabetic subjects (n=80) was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 (24%) diabetic subjects were classified as having sign(s) of LEAD, defined as having at least one reduced peripheral blood pressure measurement, 28% in type 1 vs 20% in type 2 diabetic subjects (p=NS). In univariate logistic regression analyses age, glycemic level (HbA1c), male gender (only in type 1 diabetic subjects), hypertension and tPA activity (only in type 2 diabetic subjects) were positively associated with LEAD. When markers of fibrinolysis were entered into a multivariate model adjusting for age, hypertension, and HbA1c, only tPA activity remained independently associated with LEAD (p=0.01) and this was also found in type 2 diabetic subjects (p=0.05). In type 1 diabetic subjects the increase in odds ratio was non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity may be an independent and early marker for asymptomatic lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic subjects, particularly in type 2 diabetes. Thus an altered fibrinolytic activity could be an early marker of atherosclerosis development in the lower extremities but the cause-effect relationship remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahli
authors.forename: Jan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator