title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces intrinsic apoptotic signaling during renal obstruction through truncated bid activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha has a significant role in renal tubular cell apoptosis during obstruction induced renal injury. While we have previously reported the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in extrinsic pathway apoptotic signaling during renal obstruction, to our knowledge its effect on intrinsic pathway signaling and mitochondrial release of cytochrome C has not previously been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction vs sham operation. At 24 hours before surgery and every 84 hours thereafter the animals received vehicle or a pegylated form of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1. The kidneys were harvested 1 week postoperatively. The renal cortex was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha production (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), apoptosis (TUNEL and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bax, caspase 8 and truncated Bid expression (Western blot), and mitochondrial cytochrome C release (immunohistochemistry).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal obstruction induced increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, apoptotic renal tubular death, the expression of Bax, caspase 8 and truncated BID, and mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, while simultaneously stimulating decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) expression. Treatment with the pegylated form of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 significantly decreased obstruction induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, apoptosis, Bax, caspase 8, truncated Bid expression and mitochondrial cytochrome C release, and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates Bid and subsequent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway activation during unilateral ureteral obstruction, resulting in mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptotic cell death. We identified tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization as a potential therapeutic option for ameliorating obstruction induced renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hile
authors.forename: Hongji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Kirstan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Meldrum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha