title: Skull thickness in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure skull thickness in a group of subjects with skeletal Class II and a group with skeletal Class III malocclusion and compare these results with a group with Class I occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. The Class II group comprised 25 females aged 17-42 (mean 26.0). The Class III group comprised 53 patients, 29 females aged 17-39 (mean 24.2) and 24 males aged 17-38 (mean 22.6). The control group comprised 39 subjects, 19 females and 20 males, aged 22-30, with a neutral occlusion and normal vertical and sagittal jaw relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  The thickness of the frontal, parietal and occipital bones was measured on lateral radiographs of patients with skeletal Class II and Class III and compared with the control group. Method error ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 mm and reliability coefficients from 0.79 to 0.97. Unpaired t-tests were used for evaluating differences in thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females with skeletal Class II malocclusion had a significantly thinner occipital bone and thicker frontal bones than the control females. Skull thickness in Class III malocclusion was comparable to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important outcome of this study was reduced skull thickness in the occipital area and thickening of the frontal bone in females with skeletal Class II malocclusion compared with females with Class I. Deviations in the theca cranii are thus associated with skeletal Class II malocclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arntsen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sonnesen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology*; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult