title: In vitro vertical misfit evaluation of cast frameworks for cement-retained implant-supported partial prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the alloy type and the associated investing and casting techniques, on the marginal adaptation of bridge structures luted onto prefabricated implant abutments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty frameworks for three-unit posterior-lower bridges were waxed and cast (10 of cobalt-chromium, 10 of titanium and 10 of palladium-gold). Each structure was cemented onto two prefabricated implant abutments with a special clamp designed to maintain constant seating pressure. The vertical discrepancy around the abutments' margins was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way ANOVA for independent samples and Scheffe's test were applied to analyze the effect of the alloy type and its recommended investing and casting system on vertical misfit. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare misfit values concerning the abutment design (premolar and molar). The significance level was set at alpha=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cobalt-chromium samples recorded the greatest vertical discrepancies, revealing significant differences with respect to both titanium and palladium-gold structures (p<0.0001). Vertical gaps of the palladium-gold and the titanium casts were not significantly different (p=0.292). Neither statistically significant differences were found between the anterior and posterior abutments' vertical misfit independently from the alloy type and nor within each group of alloys tested (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vertical fit of the frameworks cast for implant-cemented bridges was influenced by the alloy type and the investing and casting methods. The marginal discrepancy of the three tested alloys could be considered clinically acceptable. A polished technique in the management of titanium could optimize the accuracy of this cast frameworks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. siete_rosas.rc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Raquel Castillo
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oyagüe
authors.forename: Andrés Sánchez
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Turrión
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monticelli
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D002484:Cementation; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003779:Denture Design; D003781:Denture Retention; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D006047:Gold Alloys; D010165:Palladium; D014025:Titanium