title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical (cytokeratins AE1/AE3) study of the parametrium of patients with early stage cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken in order to evaluate histopathological and immunohistochemical (cytokeratins AE1/AE3) characteristics of parametrial invasion in patients with early stage cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix submitted to radical hysterectomy from November 2001 to September 2002 were prospectively studied. Histopathological studies were undertaken using tissue samples (n=60) taken from the parametrium, whose surgical margins were inked and the entire parametrial tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for further analysis using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Specific patterns of parametrial involvement (continuous invasion, parametrial lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI) and/or parametrial lymph nodes' (PMLN) metastasis) were recorded. Parametrial samples, in which the histological examination showed no tumor involvement, were immunohistochemically assessed through monoclonal antibodies for cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient's mean age was 49+/-10 years (27-73 years). Histopathological analysis (H&E) showed parametrium involvement in 12 patients (40%) of whom 11 (92%) presented parametrial LVSI, 9 (75%) continuous invasion and 4 (33%) PMLN metastasis. Micrometastasis was detected in 3/18 (17%) of the patients with histologically negative parametrium by H&E evaluation. Parametrial involvement detected by H&E was associated with tumor recurrence (p=0.009) and survival (p=0.025). This association was not correlated with the presence of parametrial micrometastasis (p=1.00 and 1.00, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of parametrial spreading in patients with SCC of the cervix may develop several histopathological patterns, which are associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Our findings highlight the importance to ink the parametria, which is the only way to define the pattern of tumor spreading. The clinical significance of micrometastasis, detected in patients with histologically negative parametrium by H&E, remains to be clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paulista State University, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Cândido
authors.forename: Agnaldo L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.forename: Sérgio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Triginelli
authors.forename: Moises S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macarenco
authors.forename: Lúcia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Traiman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins