title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for skull-base meningiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) when used as a treatment modality for cavernous sinus or posterior fossa skull-base meningiomas (SBMs), with particular attention given to whether or not intentional partial resection followed by GKRS constitutes an appropriate combination treatment method for larger SBMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 101 SBM patients in this series, 38 were classified as having cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs), and 63 presented with posterior fossa meningiomas (PFMs). The patients with no history of prior surgery (19 CSMs, 57 PFMs) were treated according to a set protocol. Small to medium-sized SBMs were treated by GKRS only. To minimize the risk of functional deficits, larger tumors were treated with the combination of intentional partial resection followed by GKRS. Residual or recurrent tumors in patients who had undergone extirpations prior to GKRS (19 CSMs, 6 PFMs) are not eligible for this treatment method (due to the surgeries not being performed as part of a combination strategy designed to preserve neurological function as the first priority).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period was 51.9 months (range, 6-144 months). The overall tumor control rates were 95.5% in CSMs and 98.4% in PFMs. Nearly all tumors treated with GKRS alone were well controlled and the patients had no deficits. Furthermore, none of the patients who had undergone prior surgeries experienced new neurological deficits after GKRS. While new neurological deficits appeared far less often in those receiving the combination of partial resection with subsequent GKRS, extirpations tended to be associated with not only a higher incidence of new deficits but also a significant increase in the worsening of already-existing deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that GKRS is a safe and effective primary treatment for SBMs with small to moderate tumor volumes. We also found that larger SBMs compressing the optic pathway or brain stem can be effectively treated, minimizing any possible functional damage, by a combination of partial resection with subsequent GKRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Atsufumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hojyo
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Jyoji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakagawara
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002530:Cerebellopontine Angle / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016634:Radiosurgery; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult