title: Dentin and enamel bond strengths of dual-cure composite luting agents used with dual-cure dental adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare dentin and enamel bond strengths obtained with dual-cure composite luting agents when used with dual-cure dental adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human molars were ground flat to expose enamel (n=80) or dentin (n=80). Specimens in each substrate group were randomly assigned to eight treatment sub-groups, according to four adhesive-luting agent combinations and two test conditions (with or without thermocycling). Pre-polymerized composite resin posts (TPH Spectrum) were luted to either the enamel or dentin surfaces with one of the following adhesive-luting agent combinations: (1) Xeno IV Dual Cure (dual-cure self-etch adhesive) and Calibra (dual-cure luting agent); (2) Prime & Bond NT Dual Cure (dual-cure total-etch adhesive) and Calibra; (3) OptiBond All-in-One Dual Cure (dual-cure self-etch adhesive) and Nexus 2 Dual Syringe (dual-cure luting agent); (4) OptiBond Solo Plus Dual Cure (dual-cure total-etch adhesive) and Nexus 2 Dual Syringe. For each treatment sub-group, half the specimens (n=10) were tested after 24h storage in water at 37 degrees C, and the other half (n=10) were tested after thermocycling for 1800 cycles between water baths held at 5 and 55 degrees C, with a dwell time in each bath of 30s, and a transfer time of 10s. Bond strengths were measured in shear mode, and expressed in MPa. The fracture mode (adhesive, cohesive, mixed) was examined. Data were analyzed for statistical significance with a factorial ANOVA and post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean enamel bond strengths ranged from 8.4MPa for non-thermocycled OptiBond All-in-One|Nexus 2 to 35.5MPa for non-thermocycled Prime & Bond NT|Calibra. Mean dentin bond strengths ranged from 14.5MPa for non-thermocycled OptiBond Solo Plus|Nexus 2 to 30.9MPa for thermocycled Xeno IV|Calibra. The fracture mode was predominantly adhesive for all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On enamel, the total-etch adhesives performed better than their self-etch counterparts, while in dentin, the opposite was found, i.e., the self-etch adhesives performed better than their total-etch counterparts. Thermocycling for 1800 cycles did not affect the SBS of the materials tested to dentin and enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, UNC Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, 441 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States. rittera@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: André V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghaname
authors.forename: Luiz A F
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pimenta
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C433205:Calibra; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C433206:Nexus; C451600:OptiBond Solo Plus; C088316:Optibond Dual Cure; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; D019279:Resin Cements; C467914:TPH spectrum; C487957:Xeno III; D014867:Water; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate