title: Effects of immature cashew nut-shell liquid (Anacardium occidentale) against oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.
abstract: The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) represents one of the major cheapest sources of non-isoprenoid phenolic lipids, which have a variety of biological properties: they can act as molluscicides, insecticides, fungicides, have anti-termite properties, have medicinal applications, and demonstrate antioxidant activity in vitro. Immature cashew nut-shell liquid (iCNSL) is a unique natural source of unsaturated long-chain phenols. Their use has stimulated much research in order to prepare drug analogues for application in several fields. The objective of the present study was to determine whether iCNSL has antioxidant properties when used in strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to measure the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase. The constituents were identified using thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The iCNSL contains anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol, and 2-methyl cardol. Immature cashew nut oil contains triacylglycerols, fatty acids, alkyl-substituted phenols, and cholesterol. The main constituents of the free fatty acids are palmitic (C(16:0)) and oleic acid (C(18:1)). iCNSL has excellent protective activities in strains of S. cerevisiae against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. iCNSL may have an important role in protecting DNA against damage induced by reactive oxygen species, as well as hydrogen peroxide, generated by intra- and extracellular mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De Lima
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.forename: A M G L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Citó
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moita Neto
authors.forename: J A D
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: S M M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: A A C Melo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D048729:Anacardic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D048729:Anacardic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012118:Resorcinols; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C088115:anacardic acid; C038590:cardanol; D002784:Cholesterol; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C041328:adipostatin A