title: A controlled randomized trial evaluating the effect of lowered incubator oxygen tension on live births in a predominantly blastocyst transfer program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potentially damaging effect of free O(2) radicals to cultured embryos may be reduced by adding scavengers to the culture media or by reducing the incubator O(2) levels. However, lowering the O(2) in the culture environment can be expensive, troublesome and may not be justifiable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lowered incubator O(2) tension on live birth rates in a predominately Day 5 embryo transfer program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty first-cycle women undergoing routine IVF or ICSI with ejaculated sperm were randomized in a prospective clinical trial and stratified for patient age and physician. Embryos of patients were randomly assigned for culture in either a 21% O(2) (atmospheric) or 5% O(2) (reduced) environment. Clinical endpoints monitored were rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth and blastocyst cryopreservation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embryos cultured in a 5% O(2) environment consistently resulted in higher rates of live birth implantation (106/247, 42.9% versus 82/267, 30.7%; difference of 12.2% with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.9-20.3, P = 0.005) and live births (66/115, 57.4% versus 49/115, 42.6%; difference of 14.8% with 95% CI of 1.9-27.0, P = 0.043) when compared with rates among women whose embryos were cultured in an atmospheric O(2) environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall increase in live births demonstrated by this study indicates that the effort and expense to culture embryos in a low-O(2) environment is justified. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00708487.
authors.affiliation: Frisco Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Frisco, TX 75034, USA.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meintjes
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chantilis
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Alfred J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Guerami
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bookout
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Madden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007185:Incubators; D050498:Live Birth; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen