title: Von Hippel-Lindau-coupled and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair-dependent degradation of RNA polymerase II in response to trabectedin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ecteinascidin 743 (Et743; trabectedin, Yondelis) has recently been approved in Europe for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas and is undergoing clinical trials for other solid tumors. Et743 selectively targets cells proficient for TC-NER, which sets it apart from other DNA alkylating agents. In the present study, we examined the effects of Et743 on RNA Pol II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that Et743 induces the rapid and massive degradation of transcribing Pol II in various cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Pol II degradation was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and was dependent on TC-NER. Cockayne syndrome (CS) cells and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells (XPD, XPA, XPG, and XPF) were defective in Pol II degradation, whereas XPC cells whose defect is limited to global genome NER in nontranscribing regions were proficient for Pol II degradation. Complementation of the CSB and XPD cells restored Pol II degradation. We also show that cells defective for the VHL complex were defective in Pol II degradation and that complementation of those cells restores Pol II degradation. Moreover, VHL deficiency rendered cells resistant to Et743-induced cell death, a similar effect to that of TC-NER deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both TC-NER-induced and VHL-mediated Pol II degradation play a role in cell killing by Et743.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Aune
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sordet
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guirouilh-Barbat
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.forename: Vilhelm A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Bohr
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pommier
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003057:Cockayne Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077606:Trabectedin; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004149:Dioxoles; D007976:Leupeptins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; C086984:XPC protein, human; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D004265:DNA Helicases; C078673:ERCC6 protein, human; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human; C497446:VHL protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D000077606:Trabectedin; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde