title: Intensive chemotherapy improved treatment outcome for Chinese children and adolescents with lymphoblastic lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a highly aggressive lymphoma, for which intensive chemotherapy is necessary. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a modified acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM)-90-based protocol in Chinese children and adolescents with LBL.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1998 to November 2006, 60 untreated patients with LBL (age <18 years) from a single institution were enrolled. All patients were treated with the modified ALL-BFM-90 protocol, and prophylactic cranial radiotherapy was omitted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the patients was 10 years (range, 2.5-18 years). Forty-eight (80%) patients had T-cell LBL, and 59 (98.3%) of the patients were stage III/IV. At the end of induction remission Ia (day 33), 3 patients had died of treatment-related toxicity. In the remaining 57 patients, complete remission (CR) or CR undetermined (CRu) had occurred in 47 (82.45%), who were designated as the moderate-risk group and partial remission (PR) had occurred in 10 patients (17.54%), who were designated the high-risk group. All patients experienced grade 3-4 hematological toxicity. At a median follow-up of 35 months, event-free survival was 78.81%+/-0.05 for all patients; the figure was 88.34%+/-0.05 for the moderate-risk group (90.91%+/-0.08 for stage III, 87.68%+/-0.06 for stage IV, 100% for those with B-cell LBL, 84.78%+/-0.06 for those with T-cell LBL, and 82.94%+/-0.08 for stage IV patients with more than 25% blast cells in bone marrow [BM]). The event-free survival in the high-risk group was 60%+/-0.15.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modified ALL-BFM-90 protocol is an effective regimen and it greatly improved the survival rate of Chinese children and adolescents with LBL compared with the ALL protocols used previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road, East Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China. gzsunxf@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhong-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Zi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Xiao-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jia-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Dong-Gen
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Wen-Biao
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhong-Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D008727:Methotrexate