title: Modern staged repair of bladder exstrophy: a contemporary series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many changes have occurred in the treatment of bladder exstrophy over the last few years and many repairs are now offered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in a select group of patients in whom modern staged repair (MSRE) was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  From an institutionally approved database were extracted 189 patients who had undergone primary closure between 1988 and 2004. The records of 131 patients (95 males) who underwent MSRE with a modified Cantwell-Ransley repair by a single surgeon in 1988-2004 were reviewed with a minimum 5-year follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven patients with a mean age of 2 months (range 6 h to 4 months) underwent primary closure, and 18 underwent osteotomy at the same time. Mean age at epispadias repair was 18 months (8-24). Mean age at bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) was 4.8 years (40-60 months) with a mean capacity of 98 cc (75-185). Analysis of bladder capacity prior to BNR revealed that patients with a mean capacity greater than 85 cc median had better outcomes. Seventy percent (n=47) are continent day and night and voiding per urethra without augmentation or intermittent catheterization. Social continence defined as dry for more than 3h during the day was found in 10% (n=7). Six patients required continent diversion after failed BNR. Seven patients are completely incontinent. The mean time to daytime continence was 14 months (4-23) and the mean time to night-time continence was 23 months (11-34). No correlation was found between age at BNR and continence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a good bladder template who develop sufficient bladder capacity after successful primary closure and epispadias repair can achieve acceptable continence without bladder augmentation and intermittent catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Marburg 146, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. andy.baird@ntlworld.com
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart