title: Predictors of testicular viability in testicular torsion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Testicular torsion (TT) requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid testicular loss. Most studies have focused on the ideal work up to rule TT out in cases of acute scrotum. We attempted here to define objective criteria to select between orchidopexy and orchidectomy in patients undergoing surgery for TT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen boys with a median age at presentation of 7.8 (range 6.4-12) years undergoing surgical treatment for TT underwent color-Doppler ultrasound (CDU) preoperatively, and a bleeding test intraoperatively. Duration of preoperative history, degree of torsion, CDU findings and degree of bleeding were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salvageability was independent of the degree of torsion. In patients with a history longer than 10h, no flow on CDU and no bleeding, after orchidectomy all the testicles were necrotic on pathology. When all these variables were negative, all the testicles did well during follow up. In the group of patients with no agreement among the analyzed variables, the outcome was unpredictable. Five out of six underwent orchidopexy, but in two cases the testicle atrophied (in spite of flow on CDU in one).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No predictive parameters were found for testicular salvageability. Taken as a whole, the parameters studied can be of help in treatment choice. In patients with no agreement among the parameters, orchidopexy seems the appropriate option, but parents should be informed of the risk of testicular atrophy during follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dipartimento Universitario Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Via Cardinale Rampolla, 1, 90142 Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cimador
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: DiPace
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnetti
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: DeGrazia