title: Immune response of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, after a concurrent infection with white spot syndrome virus and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated immunological changes in viral-infected white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. White shrimp were infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or co-infected with WSSV and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete (100%) mortality rate of shrimp was caused by viral infection due to immune parameters being suppressed including decreases in phenoloxidase activity, total hemocyte counts, differential hemocyte counts, and the gene expressions of prophenoloxidase and peroxinectin. In addition, increases in lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein of hemocytes and the hepatopancreas, and respiratory bursts per cell, and a decrease in superoxide dismutase were found in viral-infected shrimp, which may have been related to the defense against viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 916, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shinn-Pyng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Ying-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Winton
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D019223:Densovirinae / Q000502:physiology*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase