title: Implementing stepwise solvent elution in sequential injection chromatography for fluorimetric determination of intracellular free amino acids in the microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis.
abstract: The concept of sequential injection chromatography (SIC) was exploited to automate the fluorimetric determination of amino acids after pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2MCE) using a reverse phase monolithic C(18) stationary phase. The method is low-priced and based on five steps of isocratic elutions. The first step employs the mixture methanol: tetrahydrofuran: 10 mmol L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at the volumetric ratio of 8:1:91; the other steps use methanol: 10 mmol L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at volumetric ratios of 20:80, 35:65, 50:50 and 65:35. At a flow rate of 10 microL s(-1) a 25 mm long-column was able to separate aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine (Asn), serine (Ser), glutamine (Gln), glycine (Gly), threonine (Thr), citruline (Ctr), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), ornithine (Orn) and lysine (Lys) with resolution >1.2 as well as methionine (Met) and valine (Val) with resolution of 0.6. Under these conditions isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) co-eluted. The entire cycle of amino acids derivatization, chromatographic separation and column conditioning at the end of separation lasted 25 min. At a flow rate of 40 microL s(-1) such time was reduced to 10 min at the cost of resolution worsening for the pairs Ctr/Arg and Orn/Lys. The detection limits varied from 0.092 micromol L(-1) for Tyr to 0.51 micromol L(-1) for Orn. The method was successfully applied to the determination of intracellular free amino acids in the green alga Tetraselmis gracilis during a period of seven days of cultivation. Samples spiked with known amounts of amino acids resulted in recoveries between 94 and 112%.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 26077, 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigobello-Masini
authors.forename: José C P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Penteado
authors.forename: Cleber W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liria
authors.forename: M Terêsa M
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Jorge C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Masini
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D012997:Solvents; D008623:Mercaptoethanol