title: Association between estrogen and androgen receptor genes and prostate cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the principal causes of death among men. Steroid hormones are involved in normal prostate growth and carcinogenesis. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects on PC risk of polymorphisms from three steroid hormone receptor genes: the androgen (AR), and the alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) estrogen receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on a Caucasian population of 1045 PC patients and 814 controls. Using a logistic regression model, the different alleles and genotypes from those polymorphisms were analyzed according to case/control status, the tumor aggressiveness, and the age at onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association between PC risk and the pooled 4/5, 5/6, and 6/6 genotypes of the GGGA repeat located in the first intron of ESR1 (odds ratio (OR)=3.00, 95% CI=1.32-6.82, P=0.008) was observed. When we stratified the cases, this association was confined to patients with a Gleason score of 2-4 (OR=8.34, 95% CI=2.91-23.91, P<0.0001) or late onset PC (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.22-6.93, P=0.016). An association between a short AR CAG repeat (less than 17 repeats) was also observed among patients with late onset PC (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.15-4.76, P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the GGGA repeat from ESR1 and the CAG repeat from AR may be associated with risk of late onset PC.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine, Institut Mondor de Médecine Moléculaire (IFR10), Université Paris 12, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicolaiew
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cancel-Tassin
authors.forename: Abdel Rahmene
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Azzouzi
authors.forename: Beatrice Le
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giordanella
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pouchard
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Escary
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011944:Receptors, Androgen