title: Early loss of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling and reduction in cell size during dominant-negative suppression of hepatic nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1A) function in INS-1 insulinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutations in the HNF1A (previously known as TCF1) gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF1A) lead to the development of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 3 (HNF1A-MODY), characterised by impaired insulin secretion and a reduction in beta cell mass. HNF1A plays an important role in pancreatic beta cell differentiation and survival. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central growth factor- and nutrient-activated protein kinase controlling cell metabolism, growth and survival. We investigated the role of mTOR inactivation in the decline in beta cell mass in a cellular model of HNF1A-MODY.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously we showed that suppression of HNF1A function via expression of a dominant-negative mutant (DN-HNF1A) decreases insulin gene transcription in insulinoma (INS-1) cells. We investigated the signalling of two distinct mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, in response to DN-HNF1A induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed delayed inactivation of mTORC2 48 h after DN-HNF1A induction, evidenced by a reduction in serine 473 phosphorylation of thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT1). We also observed an early inactivation of mTORC1 24 h after DN-HNF1A induction, which was detected by decreases in threonine 389 phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) and serine 65 phosphorylation of translational inhibitor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Flow cytometry and gene expression analysis demonstrated a pre-apoptotic decrease in INS-1 cell size in response to DN-HNF1A induction, and an increase in the level of the mTORC1-regulated cell-cycle inhibitor, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B p27.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that mTOR kinase and signalling through mTORC1 are highly sensitive to suppression of HNF1A function, and may contribute to disturbance of cell-size regulation and cell-cycle progression in HNF1A-MODY.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Farrelly
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wobser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anguissola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Concannon
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Prehn
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048429:Cell Size; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007340:Insulinoma; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C519510:Crtc1 protein, rat; C496487:HNF1A protein, human; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors