title: The efficacy of telephone counseling for health promotion in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if motivational interviewing-based telephone counseling increases health promotion activities and improves other health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial with wait-list controls and single-blinded outcome assessments conducted at baseline and at 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  MS research and training center in the Pacific Northwest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-residing persons (N=130) with physician confirmed MS aged 18 or older who were able to walk unassisted at least 90 m (300 ft).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single in-person motivational interview followed by 5 scheduled telephone counseling sessions to facilitate improvement in 1 of 6 health promotion areas: exercise, fatigue management, communication and/or social support, anxiety and/or stress management, and reducing alcohol or other drug use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II plus fatigue impact, subjective health, and objective measures of strength, fitness, and cognition. Intent-to-treat analyses of change scores were analyzed using nonparametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy persons were randomized to treatment and 60 to the control condition. The treatment group reported significantly greater improvement in health promotion activities, including physical activity, spiritual growth, and stress management as well as in fatigue impact and mental health compared with controls. In addition, the exerciser subgroup showed greater improvement than controls in self-selected walking speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A less intensive, more accessible approach to health promotion based on telephone counseling and motivational interviewing shows promise and merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. chb@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bombardier
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cunniffe
authors.forename: Rohini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome