title: Open hearts build lives: positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources.
abstract: B. L. Fredrickson's (1998, 2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions asserts that people's daily experiences of positive emotions compound over time to build a variety of consequential personal resources. The authors tested this build hypothesis in a field experiment with working adults (n = 139), half of whom were randomly-assigned to begin a practice of loving-kindness meditation. Results showed that this meditation practice produced increases over time in daily experiences of positive emotions, which, in turn, produced increases in a wide range of personal resources (e.g., increased mindfulness, purpose in life, social support, decreased illness symptoms). In turn, these increments in personal resources predicted increased life satisfaction and reduced depressive symptoms. Discussion centers on how positive emotions are the mechanism of change for the type of mind-training practice studied here and how loving-kindness meditation is an intervention strategy that produces positive emotions in a way that outpaces the hedonic treadmill effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fredrickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Jolynn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pek
authors.affiliation: Preventive Cardiology Services, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Finkel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D004493:Education; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008149:Love; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept