title: Avoidance symptoms and assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in Arab immigrant women.
abstract: This study investigates whether the avoidance symptom criterion required for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is overly conservative. Arab immigrant women (N = 453), many of whom reported experiencing multiple traumatic events, completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale in Arabic as part of a face to face interview. Analyses indicated all but one avoidance symptom was reported less frequently than reexperiencing and arousal symptoms. However, those who fully met reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptom criteria had worse symptom severity and functioning than those who fully met reexperiencing and arousal symptom criteria, but only partially met avoidance symptom criterion. Study findings support importance of the PTSD avoidance symptom criterion.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2210, USA. anorris@mail.ucf.edu
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Aroian
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008824:Michigan; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology