title: Supplementation of a low dose of DHA or DHA+AA does not prevent peripartum depressive symptoms in a small population based sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The decrease of maternal docosahexaenoic (DHA) status during pregnancy has been associated with postpartum depression, especially in women with a low intake of DHA. Since the DHA intake in the Netherlands is low, we investigated whether supplementation of low doses of DHA or DHA plus arachidonic acid (AA) during pregnancy and lactation could prevent depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in this period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were supplemented daily with placebo, DHA (220 mg) or DHA+AA (220 mg each) from week 16 of pregnancy till three months postpartum. Fatty acid analyses were performed in the available plasma samples at 16 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were measured in weeks 16 and 36 of pregnancy and six weeks postpartum using EPDS and within one week postpartum using a blues questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  119 women completed the study. The average frequency of fish intake was low, 0.94 times per week, and did not differ between the groups. The supplementation groups did not differ in mean EPDS scores or changes in EPDS scores, nor in incidence or severity of postpartum blues. Red blood cell DHA, AA and DHA/AA ratio did not correlate with EPDS or blues scores. Indices of sleep quality did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of 220 mg/day DHA or DHA+AA (220 mg/day each) does not prevent peri-partum depressive symptoms, in a population based sample with low background DHA intake.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN Register nr. ISRCTN58176213.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands. b.doornbos@med.umcg.nl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doornbos
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: van Goor
authors.forename: D A J
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dijck-Brouwer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.forename: F A J
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Muskiet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid