title: Activation of Toll-like receptors and dendritic cells by a broad range of bacterial molecules.
abstract: Activation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by pathogens leads to activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DC), which orchestrate the development of the adaptive immune response. To create an overview of the effects of a broad range of pathogenic bacteria, their capacity to activate TLRs and to affect DC maturation, cytokine production and T cell polarizing capacity were determined. Different bacterial species differed in their potency to affect these parameters. In general, on the DC level differences were found in the maturation-inducing capacity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Remarkably, these differences did not result in differential polarization of the T cell response. With respect to TLRs, TLR4 activation by pathogens correlated with their ability to induce DC maturation, while for TLR2 and TLR5 such a correlation was absent. Taken together, this study provides insight into qualitative differences and general effects of pathogen-derived molecules on dendritic cells.
authors.affiliation: TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Business Unit Biological and Chemical Protection, Detection and Identification, PO Box 45, 2280AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda C L
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Boele
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bajramovic
authors.forename: Anne-Marij M B C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ingrid A I
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Voskamp-Visser
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaman
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Kleij
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D008024:Ligands; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors