title: Update on apraxia.
abstract: Apraxia is classically defined as difficulty performing learned, skilled gestures. In this review, we describe the range of motor impairments classified as apraxia, focusing on ideomotor limb apraxia. We present several prominent models of praxis to explain the variety of difficulties seen in patients with apraxia. We also discuss the large-scale frontal-parietal-basal ganglia network thought to underlie praxis. In this context, we highlight the common occurrence of limb apraxia in corticobasal degeneration, a neurodegenerative condition characterized by frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel Goldmann
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D020240:Apraxia, Ideomotor / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001072:Apraxias / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance