Clopidogrel: review of bioanalytical methods, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and update on recent trends in drug-drug interaction studies.
Clopidogrel, owing to its excellent inhibitory property of platelet aggregation, is used to reduce the cardiovascular risks in patients with multiple co-morbid conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The current review focuses distinctly on three aspects: (a) an in-depth coverage on the bioanalytical methods for the quantification of clopidogrel and its inactive carboxylic acid metabolite as well as the active metabolite in pre-clinical and clinical samples; (b) an overview of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic aspects of clopidogrel; and (c) enumerating the key findings from drug-drug interaction studies of clopidogrel with various co-substrates such as lanzoprazole, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, digoxin, ketoconazole, donezepil and theophylline.
Mullangi
Ramesh
R
Integrated Product Development, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupalli, Hyderabad, India.
Srinivas
Nuggehally R
NR
D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D017035:Pravastatin; D013988:Ticlopidine