title: Three European species of Hypocrea with reddish brown stromata and green ascospores.
abstract: The European species Hypocrea epimyces (Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) is redescribed based on the holotype including the drawing on its envelope by Saccardo and freshly collected material. The holomorphs of two closely related species, H. alni and H. brunneoviridis, are described as new species of the genus. They are characterized with morphological and molecular methods, including culture studies and phylogenetic analyses with internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 as a part of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster, calmodulin, endochitinase, intron 4 of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, and a part of the RNA polymerase II subunit B gene as phylogenetic markers. All species described here have green ascospores. Although phylogenetically closely related to H. lixii, they form reddish brown instead of green to black stromata. Except for H. brunneoviridis, forming nearly gliocladium-like conidiophores, the anamorphs of these species are similar to each other but vary in the angles of conidiophore branches and phialides, in phenotypic arrangement of conidiation on growth plates and in growth rates of cultures.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Centre for Systematic Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. walter.jaklitsch@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Jaklitsch
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kubicek
authors.forename: Irina S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Druzhinina
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D035901:Hypocrea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012319:RNA Polymerase II