title: A polypyrrole-based amperometric ammonia sensor.
abstract: An ammonia sensor is described in this work. The sensing membrane is a thin layer of oxidized polypyrrole (PPy) on a platinum substrate. This sensor is used as the working electrode in a conventional three-electrode system for amperometric measurement of ammonia in aqueous solutions in the potential range of + 0.2 to + 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Contact with ammonia causes a current to flow through the electrode. This current is proportional to the concentration of free ammonia in the solution and ammonium ions do not contribute to the measured signal. The signal is due to reduction of PPy by ammonia with subsequent oxidation of PPy by the external voltage source. The sensor is able to detect ammonia reproducibly at the muM level. The main interference is the doping effect of small anions such as Cl(-) and NO(3)(-), also giving a response on PPy at the mM level. This anionic response can, to a certain degree, be reduced by covering the polymer surface with dodecyl sulfate. The sensor gradually loses its activity when exposed to ammonia concentrations greater than 1 mM. The sensor has been tested by the flow injection analysis technique.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lähdesmäki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewenstam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivaska