title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuates streptozotocin-induced apoptotic death of RIN-m5F cells through regulation of Bcl-2 family protein mRNA expression.
abstract: Oxidative stress, followed by the apoptotic death of pancreatic beta cells, is considered to be one of causative agents in the evolution of the type 2 diabetic state; therefore, the protection of beta cells can comprise an efficacious strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes. In the present study, RIN-m5F cells (i.e. the rat insulinoma beta cell line) were stimulated with streptozotocin, resulting in a time- and concentration-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase. There appeared to be significant apoptotic cell death after 2 h of treatment with streptozotocin at 10 mM, as demonstrated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining and 2.6-fold activation of cellular caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme. By contrast, some neuropeptides of the glucagon-secretin family and coenzyme Q(10), an endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant, could attenuate streptozotocin cytotoxicity, and especially pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), at a concentration of 10(-7) M, exhibited 34% attenuation of lactate dehydrogenase release from streptozotocin-treated RIN-m5F cells. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated the inhibitory effect of PACAP on streptozotocin-evoked up-regulation of pro-apoptotic factor (Noxa and Bax) and a 2.3-fold enhancement of Bcl-2 mRNA expression, a pro-survival protein, was also observed after addition of PACAP. The data obtained suggest the anti-apoptotic role of PACAP in streptozotocin-treated RIN-m5F cells through the regulation of pro-apoptotic and pro-survival factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan. onoue@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onoue
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanato
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D014451:Ubiquinone; D013311:Streptozocin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C024989:coenzyme Q10