title: The role and regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the inflammatory response.
abstract: Cortisone, a glucocorticoid hormone, was first used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in humans in the late 1940s, for which Hench, Reichstein and Kendall were awarded a Nobel Prize in 1950 and which led to the discovery of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. To be effective, the intrinsically inert cortisone must be converted to the active glucocorticoid, cortisol, by the intracellular action of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). Whilst orally administered cortisone is rapidly converted to the active hormone, cortisol, by first pass metabolism in the liver, recent work has highlighted an anti-inflammatory role for 11beta-HSD1 within specific tissues, including in leukocytes. Here, we review recent evidence pertaining to the anti-inflammatory role of 11beta-HSD1 and describe how inhibition of 11beta-HSD1, as widely proposed for treatment of metabolic disease, may impact upon inflammation. Finally, the mechanisms that regulate 11beta-HSD1 transcription will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. Karen.Chapman@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Agnes E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: Mohini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Savill
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seckl
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1