title: Working out the kinks: testing the feasibility of an electronic pain diary for adolescents with arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current approaches to evaluating pain in children with chronic arthritis suffer from methodological problems. A real-time data capture approach using electronic diaries has been proposed as a new standard for pain measurement. However, there is limited information available regarding the development and feasibility of this approach in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to pilot test the e-Ouch electronic pain diary in terms of compliance and acceptability in adolescents with arthritis to further refine the prototype.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study design -- with two iterative phases of testing, modifying the prototype and retesting -- was used. A purposive sample of 13 adolescents with mild to severe pain and disability was drawn from a large rheumatology clinic in a university-affiliated pediatric tertiary care centre in Canada over a four-week period in December 2004. Participants were signalled with an alarm to use the diary three times per day for a two-week period. Adolescents completed an electronic diary acceptability questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mean compliance rates for phases 1 and 2 were 72.9% and 70.5%, respectively. Compliance was affected by the timing of data collection and technical difficulties. Children rated the diary as highly acceptable and easy to use. Phase 1 testing revealed aspects of the software program that affected compliance, which were subsequently altered and tested in phase 2. No further technical difficulties arose in phase 2 testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feasibility testing is a crucial first step in the development of electronic pain measures before use in clinical and research practice.
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. jennifer.stinson@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Petroz
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Streiner
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires