title: Effectiveness of skin protection creams in the prevention of occupational dermatitis: results of a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the trial was to investigate whether the publicized effects of skin protection creams can be replicated in a real occupational setting during activities that expose the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, four-tailed controlled pilot trial was performed to compare the effect of skin protection and skin care alone or in combination with cleansing against a control group (only cleansing). Two branches were selected for the investigation: the building industry and the timber industry. A total of 1,006 workers from these two branches were recruited, and out of these 485 workers were examined longitudinally for at least three time points over 1 year (lost for follow-up: 430 workers, exclusion: 91 workers). At each time point, as a primary outcome measure, we assessed the condition of the skin at both hands in a blinded manner and the individual was assigned to one of the following categories: no eczema, mild, moderate and severe eczema. As a secondary outcome measure, the worker's transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured under standardized conditions at the back of both hands. In addition, the workers were asked to evaluate their skin condition during the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to differences in the occurrence of eczemas, we found only in workers in building industry without application of skin protection or skin care creams a statistical significant increase in the incidence between the first and the second visit and a statistical significant decrease in the incidence between the second and third visit. When evaluating the secondary outcome-measurement changes in the TEWL values, an improvement was found for the group skin protection and skin care in combination and by skin care alone. Females in the timber industry started with better TEWL values than males, which may be due to better overall skin care. In this group we found an improvement for the group skin protection and skin care in combination and by skin protection alone. For skin protection alone, we noted a slight, but not significant improvement in all other groups. The subjective improvement of skin condition was reported from the participants who used skin protection and skin care in combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking all these secondary-outcome measurements together, the main result of this study was that skin protection creams alone have a small effect on the skin barrier in workers in the building and timber industries compared with skin care alone or in combination with skin protection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. robert.winker@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winker
authors.forename: Bayda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stolkovich
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikl
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ponocny
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tappeiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004485:Eczema / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005260:Female; D016468:Forestry; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011481:Protective Clothing; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents