title: The development of simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification (SNAD) process in a single reactor for nitrogen removal.
abstract: The simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification (SNAD) process was validated to potentially remove ammonium and COD from wastewater in a single, oxygen-limited, non-woven rotating biological contactor (NRBC) reactor. An ammonium conversion efficiency of 79%, TN removal efficiency of 70% and COD removal efficiency of 94% were obtained with the nitrogen and COD loading rate of 0.69 kgN/m(3)d and 0.34 kg/m(3)d, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and fluorescence in situ hybridizations (FISH) analysis revealed the existence of the dominant groups of bacteria. As a result, the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), with a spot of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were mainly distributed in the aerobic outer part of the biofilm. However, ANAMMOX bacteria with denitrifying bacteria were present and active in the anaerobic inner part of the SNAD biofilm. These bacteria were found to exist in a dynamic equilibrium to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and COD removal in NRBC system.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage; D009584:Nitrogen