title: A personality classification system for eating disorders: a longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of eating disorders (EDs) suggest that empirically derived personality subtypes may explain heterogeneity in ED samples that is not captured by the current diagnostic system. Longitudinal outcomes for personality subtypes have not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, personality pathology was assessed by clinical interview in 213 individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at baseline. Interview data on EDs, comorbid diagnoses, global functioning, and treatment utilization were collected at baseline and at 6-month follow-up intervals over a median of 9 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Q-factor analysis of the participants based on personality items produced a 5-prototype system, including high-functioning, behaviorally dysregulated, emotionally dysregulated, avoidant-insecure, and obsessional-sensitive types. Dimensional prototype scores were associated with baseline functioning and longitudinal outcome. Avoidant-Insecure scores showed consistent associations with poor functioning and outcome, including failure to show ED improvement, poor global functioning after 5 years, and high treatment utilization after 5 years. Behavioral dysregulation was associated with poor baseline functioning but did not show strong associations with ED or global outcome when histories of major depression and substance use disorder were covaried. Emotional dysregulation and obsessional-sensitivity were not associated with negative outcomes. High-functioning prototype scores were consistently associated with positive outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal results support the importance of personality subtypes to ED classification.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Longfellow Place, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ht141@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thompson-Brenner
authors.forename: Kamryn T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Franko
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dorer
authors.forename: Maryna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vashchenko
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016896:Treatment Outcome