title: Self-perceived oral health and salivary proteins in children with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The aim was to validate self-perceived oral health with salivary IgG as an inflammatory parameter in children with type 1 diabetes. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 36 children with well controlled and 12 with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and 40 non-diabetic children (Controls). Salivary flow rate, random blood glucose level, salivary protein concentration and immunoglobulin A and G levels were recorded using standard techniques. Data concerning oral health and diabetes status were collected. Self-perceived gingival bleeding (bleeding gums), bad breath and dry mouth were higher in diabetic children when compared with those in controls (P < 0.05). Gingival bleeding was frequently perceived by children with poorly controlled compared to well-controlled type 1 diabetes (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). Bad breath was common perceived by children with poorly controlled compared to well-controlled type 1 diabetes (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.0001). Salivary flow rate was lower in the diabetic children compared to controls (P < 0.01) with no difference between children with poorly controlled and well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Salivary IgG per mg protein concentration was higher in the diabetics when compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). IgG per mg protein levels were also higher in children with poorly controlled when compared with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (P < 0.05). There was no difference in IgA per mg protein and total protein concentrations between children with poorly controlled and well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Self-perceived gingival bleeding and salivary IgG per mg protein concentration were increased in children with type 1 diabetes compared with controls. These variables were also increased in children with poorly controlled compared with well-controlled type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. fawad.javed@ki.se
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altamash
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klinge
authors.forename: P-E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Engström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism*; D009909:Oral Health; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012649:Self Concept; D012647:Self-Assessment; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides