title: Maximising response rates in household telephone surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological and other studies that require participants to respond by completing a questionnaire face the growing threat of non-response. Response rates to household telephone surveys are diminishing because of changes in telecommunications, marketing and culture. Accordingly, updated information is required about the rate of telephone listing in directories and optimal strategies to maximise survey participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3426 households in Sydney, Australia were approached to participate in a computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) regarding their domestic (recycled and/or drinking) water usage. Only randomly selected households in the suburb and postcode of interest with a telephone number listed in the Electronic White Pages (EWP) that matched Australian electoral records were approached.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CATI response rate for eligible households contacted by telephone was 39%. The rate of matching of electoral and EWP records, a measure of telephone directory coverage, was 55%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a combination of approaches, such as an advance letter, interviewer training, establishment of researcher credentials, increasing call attempts and targeted call times, remains a good strategy to maximise telephone response rates. However, by way of preparation for future technological changes, reduced telephone number listings and people's increasing resistance to unwanted phone calls, alternatives to telephone surveys, such as internet-based approaches, should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. joanne.otoole@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leder
mesh_terms: D019992:Databases as Topic; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D013689:Telephone