title: [Assessment of hemorheological deformability of human red cells exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide, verapamil and ascorbate by ektacytometer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal erythrocyte is deformable and this facilitates blood flow in the capillaries. Oxidative stress reduces the deformability of erythrocytes, and influences on blood flow in microcirculation. The objective of this study was to investigate the deformability of erythrocytes exposed to oxidative stress, the protective effects of verapamil and ascorbic acid against oxidative damages in erythrocytes, and the value of the microfluidic ektacytometer, RheoScan-D (RheoMeditech, Korea) in clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of oxidative stress on erythrocytes were investigated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). Before exposure to tBHP, the erythrocytes were pretreated with verapamil and ascorbic acid to examine their protective effect against oxidative damages. The deformability of erythrocytes was measured by the microfluidic ektacytometer, RheoScan-D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When treated with tBHP, the deformability of erythrocytes was decreased (P<0.01) and methemoglobin (metHb) formation and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared to those of the untreated control cells. Compared to the tBHP treated cells, pretreatment with verapamil increased the deformability of erythrocytes (P<0.01) and decreased metHb formation (P<0.01) and MCV (P<0.05). Likewise, pretreatment with ascorbic acid increased the deformability of erythrocytes (P<0.01) and decreased metHb formation (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress reduces the deformability of erythrocytes and the deformability could be one of markers for oxidative damage. Verapamil and ascorbic acid have protective role against tBHP induced oxidative stress. The ektacytometer, RheoScan-D used in this study is convenient for clinical measurement and could be used in various fields of clinical medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yu Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Sehyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jang Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D014700:Verapamil; D001205:Ascorbic Acid