title: Motility differences in free colon and free jejunum flaps for reconstruction of the cervical esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free colon and jejunal flaps have been described as reliable and safe conduits for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. Compared with free colon flaps, free jejunum flaps have a smaller diameter and intrinsic peristaltic movement, both of which are considered possible causes of dysphagia. In this investigation, the authors evaluated motility differences in free jejunum and colon flaps using radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who received free jejunum flaps (n = 12) or free colon (n = 1) or ileocolon flaps (n = 13) for reconstruction after pharyngoesophagectomy for cancer were included. Radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy was performed using technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid. Transit rate was evaluated at 1 second (pharyngeal or initial clearance) and 10 seconds (esophageal or clearance throughout). Clinical progression of swallowing was recorded postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pharyngeal clearance was 61 +/- 20 percent for free colon and ileocolon flaps and 70 +/- 16 percent for free jejunum flaps. Mean esophageal clearance was 50 +/- 27 percent for free colon and ileocolon flaps and 69 +/- 17 percent for free jejunum flaps. Esophageal transit rate was significantly shorter in patients who underwent reconstruction with free jejunum flaps (p = 0.04). At 1 year, 10 of 12 free jejunum patients and eight of 14 patients were tolerating solid foods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although neither flap showed normal swallowing characteristics, free jejunum flaps displayed greater esophageal clearance and should represent the first choice in hypopharyngeal reconstruction. Free colon and ileocolon flaps should be reserved for very proximal oropharyngeal defects and when simultaneous voice reconstruction is desired.
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Rochester, Minn.; and Cleveland, Ohio From the Department of Plastic Surgery and the Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rampazzo
authors.forename: Bahar Bassiri
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Gharb
authors.forename: Marcus T C
authors.initials: MTC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mardini
authors.forename: Hue-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salgado
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003679:Deglutition; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D007583:Jejunum / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010528:Peristalsis; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps