title: Cerebral microbleeds are independently associated with arterial stiffness in stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are now receiving considerable attention for their association with stroke recurrence and white matter lesions (WML). Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a measure of arterial stiffness, was found to be one of the predictors of cardiovascular disease and stroke in a large population-based study. The current study set out to investigate the association between CMB and arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 255 patients with strokes, such as cerebral infarctions or transient ischemic attacks, who were enrolled at Korea University Stroke Registry, Ansan arm, between October 2005 and May 2007, and underwent MRI and PWV. CMB, stroke lesion, stroke subtype and WML were coded by researchers blind to clinical details. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMB were observed in 57 patients (22.4%), and were most frequently seen in the basal ganglia, followed by the cerebral cortex. The baPWV was significantly higher in patients with CMBs compared to those without (p < 0.01). After adjustment for demographics, vascular risk factors and hemodynamic parameters, baPWV proved to be significantly associated with CMB using a logistic regression test (odds ratio 1.119, 95% CI 1.013-1.237).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PWV had an independent association with CMB in patients with stroke. These findings suggest that arterial stiffness may be pathophysiologically associated with CMB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-city, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Keun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jong-Moon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moon Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kun Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dae Hie
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance