title: Effect of a nonprotein bioactive agent on the reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human intervertebral disc cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurotropin is a nonprotein extract from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus. In the present study the authors sought to clarify the focal antiinflammatory effects of Neurotropin in intervertebral disc cells, and these effects were compared with those induced by the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (nabumetone).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six human intervertebral disc specimens were harvested during spinal surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Cells were stimulated with 500 pg/ml of interleukin (IL)-1beta in the presence of various concentrations of Neurotropin (0, 10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) Neurotropin Units/ml) or 50 microg/ml of nabumetone for 3 hours. The mRNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR was used to quantify the mRNA levels of COX- 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and phospholipase A2. Cyclooxygenase-2, TNFalpha, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protein concentrations were each determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurotropin was found to significantly suppress the expression of COX-2 and TNFalpha at mRNA levels as well as the concentration of COX-2 at protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Nabumetone was found to significantly increase COX-2 at mRNA levels but directly suppress the concentration of PGE2 in culture medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results in this study suggest that Neurotropin has an analgesic effect through the suppression of COX-2 and TNFalpha in a focal area, and nabumetone shows this same effect through the suppression of PGE2 production. Thus, Neurotropin could decrease pain by blocking the central pain pathway or increasing focal antiinflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kimiaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kimiaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kensei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002074:Butanones; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D000077430:Nabumetone; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002074:Butanones; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C010491:neurotropin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000077430:Nabumetone