title: Glucose-oxidized low-density lipoproteins enhance insulin-like growth factor I-stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibiting integrin-associated protein cleavage.
abstract: Prior published reports have demonstrated that glucose-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (g-OxLDL) enhance the proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) to IGF-I. Our previous studies have determined that the regulation of cleavage of integrin-associated protein (IAP) by matrix-metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) in diabetic mice in response to hyperglycemia is a key regulator of the response of SMC to IGF-I. Because chronic hyperglycemia enhances glucose-induced LDL oxidation, these studies were conducted to determine whether g-OxLDL modulates the response of SMC to IGF-I by regulating MMP-2-mediated cleavage of IAP. We determined that exposure of SMC to g-OxLDL, but not native LDL, was sufficient to facilitate an increase in cell proliferation in response to IGF-I. Exposure to an anti-CD36 antibody, which has been shown to inhibit g-OxLDL-mediated signaling, inhibited the effects of g-OxLDL on IGF-I-stimulated SMC proliferation. The effect of g-OxLDL could be attributed, in part, to an associated decrease in proteolytic cleavage of IAP leading to increase in the basal association between IAP and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate-1, which is required for IGF-I-stimulated proliferation. The inhibitory effect of g-OxLDL on IAP cleavage appeared to be due to its ability to decrease the amount of activated MMP-2, the protease responsible for IAP cleavage. In conclusion, these data provide a molecular mechanism to explain previous studies that have reported an enhancing effect of g-OxLDL on IGF-I-stimulated SMC proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7170, USA.
authors.forename: Lee B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Byron E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Capps
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Clemmons
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D051928:CD47 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D051928:CD47 Antigen; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D005947:Glucose