title: Cutting edge: Programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 interaction regulates the induction and maintenance of invariant NKT cell anergy.
abstract: Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid Ags. Upon TCR stimulation, iNKT cells promptly secrete a wide range of cytokines and therefore have been investigated as a target for immunotherapy. However, after primary activation, iNKT cells become hyporesponsive toward their ligand (anergy). The further mechanism behind iNKT cell anergy is poorly understood. We found that a low level of programmed death-1 (PD-1) was constitutively expressed on iNKT cells and that PD-1 expression was increased after stimulation and lasted at least 2 mo. Moreover, not only did blocking of the PD-1/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway prevent the induction of anergy in iNKT cells, but anergic iNKT cells also recovered responsiveness and these "rescued" cells efficiently mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is essential for the induction and maintenance of iNKT cell anergy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeon-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Mi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.forename: Chang-Yuil
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D010455:Peptides; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; C493154:alpha-galactosylceramide