title: A novel dextran hydrogel linking trans-ferulic acid for the stabilization and transdermal delivery of vitamin E.
abstract: Long-term exposure of the skin to UV light causes degenerative effects, which can be minimized by using antioxidant formulations. The major challenge in this regard is that a significant amount of antioxidant should reach at the site for effective photoprotection. However, barrier properties of the skin limit their use. In the present study, vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was loaded into a dextran hydrogel containing ferulic moieties, covalently linked, to improve its topical delivery, and also to increase its relative poor stability, which is due to direct exposure to UV light. Methacrylic groups were first introduced onto the dextran polymer backbones, then the obtained methacrylated dextran was copolymerized with aminoethyl methacrylate, and subsequently esterificated with trans-ferulic acid. The new biopolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The values of content of phenolic groups were determined. Its ability in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes induced in vitro by a source of free radicals, that is tert-butyl hydroperoxide, was studied. Hydrogel was also characterized for swelling behaviour, vitamin E loading efficiency, release, and deposition on the rabbit skin. Additionally, vitamin E deposition was compared through hydrogels, respectively, containing and not containing trans-ferulic acid. The results showed that ferulate hydrogel was a more effective carrier in protecting vitamin E from photodegradation than hydrogel without antioxidant moieties. Then antioxidant hydrogel could be of potential use for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes as carrier of vitamin E that is an antioxidant that reduces erythema, photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, edema, and skin hypersensitivity associated with exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, because of its protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trombino
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muzzalupo
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavano
authors.forename: Nevio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Picci
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003911:Dextrans; D005609:Free Radicals; D020100:Hydrogels; D008689:Methacrylates; D016877:Oxidants; D011108:Polymers; D014810:Vitamin E; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; C004999:ferulic acid