title: Placement of bupivacaine-soaked Spongostan in episiotomy bed is effective treatment modality for episiotomy-associated pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of placing bupivacaine-soaked Spongostan (Ferrosan, Soeborg, Copenhagen, Denmark) in episiotomy beds for relief of postpartum pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I).
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with mediolateral episiotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited and randomized into 2 groups by using a random number table. Group I (control group) received local lignocaine infiltration 1% up to 20 mL. For group II (Spongostan group), in addition to local lignocaine infiltration, bupivacaine-soaked Spongostan was placed in the episiotomy bed. All patients received routine postpartum perineal care in addition to the regular pain drugs (75 mg of diclofenac every 4 hours if needed). The primary outcome for the study was severity of pain, rated on a 10-cm visual analog scale from 0 to 10. Rating was recorded at 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 6, and 24 hours after delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 48 women were randomized to group I (local lignocaine alone) and 51 women to group II (local lignocaine plus Spongostan). The Spongostan and control groups were similar with respect to maternal age, parity, gestational age, maternal weight, and neonatal birth weight (p >.05; CI for difference: -2.6/10, 0.1/0.3, 0.3/0.7, 6.9/1.7, and -7/1.9, respectively). Episiotomy length (both vaginal and perineal) and episiotomy depth were higher in Spongostan group than control group (p <.05; 95% CI: -0.9/0, -0.8/-0.1, and -0.6/0, respectively). However, episiotomy reconstruction time of both groups was similar (p >.05; CI: 1.7/6.2). The pain score of Spongostan group was lower than control group and it was statistically significant at all time intervals (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 6, and 24 hours) between the Spongostan and control groups (p <.05; CI: 0.6/1.9, 1.1/2.4, 1.0/2.5, 0.9/2.4, 0.3/1.9, and 0.5/1.8, respectively). Postpartum total analgesic requirement (mg/person) again was significantly lower in the Spongostan group than control group (p <.01; CI: 0.1/0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of bupivacaine-soaked spongostan into the episiotomy bed resulted in decreased postpartum pain and drug requirement. It may be attributed to a higher drug concentration at episiotomy bed and prolonged drug effect.
authors.affiliation: Fatih University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey. hasankafali@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kafali
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iltemur Duvan
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gözdemir
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simavli
authors.forename: Nilgün
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oztürk Turhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001724:Birth Weight; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005339:Fibrin Foam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005339:Fibrin Foam; D002045:Bupivacaine