title: Short stature, smoking habits and birth outcome in international adoptees in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate short stature and smoking habits as risk factors for birth outcome in international adoptees in comparison with non-adopted mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide study in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two study groups were identified from mothers who were born 1968-1979 and gave birth during 1982-2001-3,610 mother-child dyads with a mother adopted from a non-European country and 336,992 mother-child dyads with a mother born in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Register study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-eclampsia, instrumental delivery, preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score, cephalhematoma and perinatal mortality and birth weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short stature and smoking were more common in international adoptees compared with non-adopted, odds ratios (ORs) 29.07 (95% C.I.: 25.29-33.42) and 1.39 (1.27-1.52), respectively. International adoptees had a slightly increased risk for instrumental delivery (OR: 1.42; 1.32-1.54) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks) (OR: 1.39; 1.24-1.56) and there was a slightly increased risk for SGA (OR: 1.24; 1.01-1.52) in their offspring. However, when we adjusted for maternal height, preterm delivery was the only outcome that remained statistically significant. Adjustment for smoking habits had marginal effects on all outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The short stature of international adoptees increased their risk for delivery and birth complications in a predictable manner, but otherwise outcomes were very similar to the general population. No special obstetric monitoring is indicated by adoption status in itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.ekeus@ki.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekéus
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjern
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D005113:Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016014:Linear Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology