title: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor inhibits hippocampal synaptic reorganization in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine modulations caused by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on altered microenvironments and overbalanced neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced epileptic status rats and to investigate possible mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Celecoxib (a COX-2 inhibitor) was administered 45 min prior to pilocarpine administration. The effects of COX-2 inhibitors on mIPSCs (miniature GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents) of CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus were recorded. Expressions of COX-2, c-Fos, newly generated neurons, and activated microgliosis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of alpha-subunit of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity were detected by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with celecoxib showed protection against pilocarpine-induced seizures. Celecoxib prevented microglia activation in the hilus and inhibited the abnormal neurogenesis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus by inhibiting MAPK/ERK activity and c-Fos transcription. Celecoxib also up-regulated the expression of GABA(A) receptors. NS-398 (N-2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl-methanesulfonamide), another COX-2 inhibitor, enhanced the frequency and decay time of mIPSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib decreased neuronal excitability and prevented epileptogenesis in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rats. Celecoxib regulates synaptic reorganization by inhibiting astrogliosis and ectopic neurogenesis by attenuating MAPK/ERK signal activity, mediated by a GABAergic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ruo-Peng
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ge-Fei
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chun-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D013449:Sulfonamides; D010862:Pilocarpine; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000068579:Celecoxib