title: Trends in the prevalence of chronic medication use in children: 2002-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to estimate the quarterly prevalence of and evaluate trends for chronic medication use in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of ambulatory prescription claims data from 2002 to 2005 was conducted for a nationally representative sample of >3.5 million commercially insured children who were 5 to 19 years old. Prevalence of chronic medication use was measured quarterly for antihypertensives, antihyperlipidemics, type 2 antidiabetics, antidepressants, attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications, and asthma-controller therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First-quarter 2002 baseline prevalence of chronic medication use per 1000 child beneficiaries ranged from a high of 29.5 for antiasthmatics to a low of 0.27 for antihyperlipidemics. Except for asthma medication use, prevalence rates were higher for older teens aged 15 to 19 years. During the study period, the prevalence rate for type 2 antidiabetic agents doubled, driven by 166% and 135% increases in prevalence among females aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years, respectively. Therapy classes with double-digit growth in prevalence of use were asthma medications (46.5%), attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications (40.4%), and antihyperlipidemics (15%). Prevalence of use growth was more moderate for antihypertensives and antidepressants (1.8%). Rates of growth were dramatically higher among girls than boys for type 2 antidiabetics (147% vs 39%), attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications (63% vs 33%), and antidepressants (7% vs -4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of chronic medication use in children increased across all therapy classes evaluated. Additional study is needed into the factors influencing these trends, including growth in chronic disease risk factors, greater awareness and screening, and greater affinity toward early use of drug therapy in children.
authors.affiliation: Express Scripts, Inc, St Louis, Missouri, USA. ecox@express-scripts.com
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Donna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Halloran
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Homan
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Welliver
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents