title: Kinematic, kinetic and metabolic parameters of treadmill versus overground walking in healthy older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although treadmill and overground walking appear to be biomechanically similar in healthy, young adults it is not known whether this can be generalized to older subjects or if the metabolic demands are correspondingly comparable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy adults between 50 and 73 years of age walked at the same speed overground and on a treadmill. Temporal parameters, angular kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces were recorded during walking once subjects were in steady state as determined from their heart rate and oxygen uptake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Step, stride and joint angular kinematics were similar for both modes of walking with the exception of the maximum hip flexion and knee extension which were more pronounced with treadmill or overground walking, respectively but in both instances differed by less than 3 degrees. Vertical ground reaction force profiles were similar although the peak associated with push-off was 5.5% smaller with treadmill walking. The metabolic requirements of treadmill walking were about 23% higher than that associated with overground walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While treadmill and overground walking are biomechanically similar, the metabolic cost of treadmill walking is higher. Clinically this may be important when using a treadmill for gait retraining in patient populations as it may lead to premature fatigue or undesirable physiologic challenge.
authors.affiliation: Motor Performance Laboratory, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George Street, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Krishnaji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parvataneni
authors.forename: Leone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ploeg
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Olney
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brouwer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D019876:Sports Equipment; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*