title: Longitudinal study to assess the safety and efficacy of a live-attenuated SHIV vaccine in long term immunized rhesus macaques.
abstract: Live-attenuated viruses derived from SIV and SHIV have provided the most consistent protection against challenge with pathogenic viruses, but concerns regarding their long-term safety and efficacy have hampered their clinical usefulness. We report a longitudinal study in which we evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of DeltavpuSHIV(PPC), a live virus vaccine derived from SHIV(PPC). Macaques were administered two inoculations of DeltavpuSHIV(PPC), three years apart, and followed for eight years. None of the five vaccinated macaques developed an AIDS-like disease from the vaccine. At eight years, macaques were challenged with pathogenic SIV and SHIV. None of the four macaques with detectable cellular-mediated immunity prior to challenge had detectable viral RNA in the plasma. This study demonstrates that multiple inoculations of a live vaccine virus can be used safely and can significantly extend the efficacy of the vaccine, as compared to a single inoculation, which is efficacious for approximately three years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3025 WHW - MS 3029, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. tyankee@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yankee
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheffer
authors.forename: Zhengian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sukhbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Fenglan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yahia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chebloune
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Opendra
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Narayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated