title: Laser microdissection expression profiling of marginal edges of colorectal tumours reveals evidence of increased lactate metabolism in the aggressive phenotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The morphology of the invasive margin in colorectal cancer can be described as either pushing or infiltrative. These phenotypes carry prognostic significance, particularly in node negative disease, and provide an excellent model for the study of invasive behaviour in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The marginal edges of 16 stage-matched tumours exhibiting these contrasting growth patterns were microdissected. The extracted mRNA was amplified and hybridised to a 9546 feature oligonucleotide array. Selected differentials were validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and the protein product was interrogated by using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After stringent quality control and filtering of data generated, 39 genes were identified as being significantly differentially expressed between the two types of marginal edge. Several genes involved in cellular metabolism were identified as differentials including lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) and modulators of glucose transport.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LDH expression profile differs between the invasive phenotypes. A hypothesis is proposed in which altered metabolism is a cause of contrasting invasive behaviour independent of the hypoxia-inducible factor mediated hypoxic response, consistent with the Warburg phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. christhorn77@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jayne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase