Milk fat globule EGF-8 promotes melanoma progression through coordinated Akt and twist signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
The pathogenesis of malignant melanoma involves the interplay of tumor cells with normal host elements, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that milk fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8), a secreted protein expressed at high levels in the vertical growth phase of melanoma, promotes disease progression through coordinated alpha(v)beta(3) integrin signaling in the tumor microenvironment. In a murine model of melanoma, MFG-E8 enhanced tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity through Akt-dependent and Twist-dependent pathways. MFG-E8 augmented melanoma cell resistance to apoptosis, triggered an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stimulated invasion and immune suppression. In human melanoma cells, MFG-E8 knockdown attenuated Akt and Twist signaling and thereby compromised tumor cell survival, EMT, and invasive ability. MFG-E8-deficient human melanoma cells also showed increased sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor I receptor and c-Met. Together, these findings delineate pleiotropic roles for MFG-E8 in the tumor microenvironment and raise the possibility that systemic MFG-E8 blockade might prove therapeutic for melanoma patients.
Jinushi
Masahisa
M
Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nakazaki
Yukoh
Y
Carrasco
Daniel R
DR
Draganov
Dobrin
D
Souders
Nicholas
N
Johnson
Matthew
M
Mihm
Martin C
MC
Dranoff
Glenn
G
D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*
D000954:Antigens, Surface; D017931:DNA Primers; C098942:MFGE8 protein, human; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt