title: Early propranolol administration does not prevent development of esophageal varices in cirrhotic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of portal hypertension associated with high mortality. This study was conducted to investigate any protective effect of early propranolol administration in the development and degree of esophageal varices in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. This topic is controversial in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the development of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices, 60 rats underwent ligation of the left adrenal vein and complete devascularization of the left renal vein, followed by phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration. This operation enhances the development of cephalad collaterals, responsible for the induction of esophageal varices. After 2 weeks of CCl(4) administration, the rats were randomly separated into 2 groups. In group I, propranolol was continuously administered intragastrically throughout the study, whereas in group II normal saline (placebo) was administered instead. Cirrhosis was detected clinically by ascites development. Hemodynamic studies and morphometric analysis of the lower esophagus were performed after complete induction of cirrhosis, measuring the following parameters: portal pressure, total number of submucosal veins, total submucosal vessel area, mean cross-sectional submucosal vessel area, relative submucosal area (percentage) occupied by vessels and area of the single most dilated submucosal vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analysis revealed no statistically important difference between the 2 groups for the morphometrically studied parameters. However, portal venous pressure was lower in group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early propranolol administration did not protect rats from developing esophageal varices, despite the fact that a significant decrease in portal pressure was detected.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alatsakis
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Pavlidis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Psarras
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafailidis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tzioufa-Asimakopoulou
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Marakis
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sakantamis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D011433:Propranolol; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride