title: Mixture for controlling insecticide-resistant malaria vectors.
abstract: The spread of resistance to pyrethroids in the major Afrotropical malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. necessitates the development of new strategies to control resistant mosquito populations. To test the efficacy of nets treated with repellent and insecticide against susceptible and insecticide-resistant An. gambiae mosquito populations, we impregnated mosquito bed nets with an insect repellent mixed with a low dose of organophosphorous insecticide and tested them in a rice-growing area near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. During the first 2 weeks posttreatment, the mixture was as effective as deltamethrin alone and was more effective at killing An. gambiae that carried knockdown resistance (kdr) or insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance (Ace1R) genes. The mixture seemed to not kill more susceptible genotypes for the kdr or Ace1R alleles. Mixing repellents and organophosphates on bed nets could be used to control insecticide-resistant malaria vectors if residual activity of the mixture is extended and safety is verified.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cotonou, Bénin, France. c.pennetier@sussex.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pennetier
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Licciardi
authors.forename: Roch K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dabiré
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lapied
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hougard
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003671:DEET / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003671:DEET; C014153:pirimiphos methyl; C017180:decamethrin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C483506:picaridin