title: Long-term outcome of symptomatic infantile spasms established by video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring.
abstract: In this study, we examine the long-term clinical outcome of children with symptomatic infantile spasm. The children between 2 and 18 years of age diagnosed with symptomatic infantile spasms were reviewed. Sixty-eight children (age range, 2-13 years; mean, 4.5 years) met the inclusion criteria. Children who underwent epilepsy surgery were excluded. Age of onset for infantile spasms ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean, 7.1 months). Developmental delay was noted in all; there was seizure freedom in 14 children (20.5%). Infantile spasms were reported as the only seizure type in 10 (14.5%) children older than age 2 years. During the follow-up; symptomatic generalized epilepsy was diagnosed in 23 children (34%) and focal epilepsy in 21 (31%). The long-term outcome of these children remains unchanged in the majority of the children with symptomatic infantile spasms. We could not establish any risk factor that might be related to favorable or adverse outcome.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physician & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eck
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cappell
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chriboga
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Cigdem I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Akman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*