title: Cardiac differentiation is driven by NKX2.5 and GATA4 nuclear translocation in tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Myocardial infarction is a major public health problem that causes significant mortality despite recent advances in its prevention and treatment. Therefore, approaches based on adult stem cells represent a promising alternative to conventional therapies for this life-threatening condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing pluripotent cells that have been isolated from multiple tissues and differentiate to various cell types. Here we have analyzed the capacity of MSCs from human bone marrow (BMSC), adipose tissue (ATSC), and dental pulp (DPSC) to differentiate to cells with a cardiac phenotype. Differentiation of MSCs was induced by long-term co-culture with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs). Shortly after the establishment of MSC-CM co-cultures, expression of connexin 43 and the cardiac-specific markers troponin I, beta-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide, and alpha-sarcomeric actinin was detected in BMSCs, ATSCs, and DPSCs. Expression of differentiation markers increased over time in the co-cultures, reaching the highest levels at 4 weeks. Translocation of the transcription factors NKX2.5 and GATA4 to the nucleus was observed in all three cultures of MSCs during the differentiation process; moreover, nuclear localization of NKX2.5 and GATA4 correlated with expression of alpha-sarcomeric actinin. These changes were accompanied by an increase in myofibril organization in the resulting CM-like cells as analyzed by electron microscopy. Thus, our results provide novel information regarding the differentiation of tissue-specific MSCs to cardiomyocytes and support the potential use of MSCs in cell-based cardiac therapies.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Cardiorregeneración, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armiñán
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gandía
authors.forename: Macarmen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartual
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Verdugo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lledó
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mirabet
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llop
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barea
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D003470:Culture Media; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; C484170:GATA4 protein, human; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C095552:NKX2-5 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors