title: National study of emergency department visits for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1993-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about recent trends in U.S. emergency department (ED) visits for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) or about ED management of AECOPD. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of ED visits for AECOPD and to evaluate concordance with guideline-recommended care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). ED visits for AECOPD, during 1993 to 2005, were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Concordance with guideline recommendations was evaluated using process measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 13-year study period, there was an average annual 0.6 million ED visits for AECOPD, and the visit rates for AECOPD were consistently high (3.2 per 1,000 U.S. population; P(trend) = 0.13). The trends in the use of chest radiograph, pulse oximetry, or bronchodilator remained stable (all P(trend) > 0.5). By contrast, the use of systemic corticosteroids increased from 29% in 1993-1994 to 60% in 2005, antibiotics increased from 14% to 42%, and methylxanthines decreased from 15% to <1% (all P(trend) < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed patients in the South (vs. the Northeast) were less likely to receive systemic corticosteroids (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4 to 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high burden of ED visits for AECOPD persisted. Overall concordance with guideline-recommended care for AECOPD was moderate, and some emergency treatments had improved over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ctsai2@partners.org
authors.forename: Chu-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones