title: A fluorimetric study of pindolol and its complexes with cyclodextrins.
abstract: Spectrofluorimetric characteristics of pindolol have been investigated with the aim of using this technique for analytical determinations. Other monosubstituted indole derivatives, 4-methoxy and 5-methoxyindole, have been also studied for comparative purposes. Corrected excitation and emission wavelengths in different solvents are reported and the effect of solvent on the Stokes shifts of these compounds has been analysed using the Lippert equation. In addition, the Stokes shift of pindolol has been determined in dioxan-water solvent mixtures and the presence of specific solvent effects is discussed. The fluorescence of pindolol is pH dependent, the quantum yields determined in water are lower than those in other solvents. With respect to the sensitivity, it has been found that the detection limits in aqueous solutions are improved in the presence of beta and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Finally, a fluorimetric analysis of the interaction between pindolol and different cyclodextrins has been carried out in order to determine the apparent stability constants of the complexes and the thermodynamic parameters associated to complexation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica y Edafologia (Sección de Quimica-Fisica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gazpio
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Arantza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zornoza
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ohárriz
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vélaz