title: Intratracheal versus intravenous liposomal delivery of siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides and anticancer drug.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare systemic intravenous and local intratracheal delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA).
  
  
  METHODS
  "Neutral" and cationic liposomes were used to deliver DOX, ASO, and siRNA. Liposomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential, and atomic force microscopy. Cellular internalization of DOX, ASO and siRNA was studied by confocal microscopy on human lung carcinoma cells. In vivo experiments were carried out on nude mice with an orthotopic model of human lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liposomes provided for an efficient intracellular delivery of DOX, ASO, and siRNA in vitro. Intratracheal delivery of both types of liposomes in vivo led to higher peak concentrations and much longer retention of liposomes, DOX, ASO and siRNA in the lungs when compared with systemic administration. It was found that local intratracheal treatment of lung cancer with liposomal DOX was more efficient when compared with free and liposomal DOX delivered intravenously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study outlined the clear advantages of local intratracheal delivery of liposomal drugs for the treatment of lung cancer when compared with systemic administration of the same drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020, USA.
authors.forename: Olga B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Garbuzenko
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Betigeri
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vetcher
authors.forename: Viatcheslav A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Soldatenkov
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: Vitaly P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Pozharov
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minko
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000737:chemistry; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008027:Light; D008081:Liposomes; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010316:Particle Size; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008081:Liposomes; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D004317:Doxorubicin; C070046:1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane