title: Mobile arm supports: evidence-based benefits and criteria for use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To collect data from therapists regarding criteria for use and activities that individuals with C4-C5 tetraplegia can perform using a mobile arm support (MAS) that they otherwise could not. Reasons for nonuse, equipment design limitations, and therapist training needs were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified Delphi approach was used to conduct an e-mail survey for which the response to each question was analyzed and used to formulate the subsequent question.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen occupational therapists (most affiliated with 1 of the federally designated Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems) with extensive experience in the treatment of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The key physical prerequisite for successful use of the MAS was at least minimal strength of the deltoid and biceps muscles; 92% of respondents indicated that they would fit an MAS for motivated patients having very weak (<2/5) biceps and deltoid muscles. According to the therapists, 100% (n = 30) of their clients were able to perform at least 1 activity using a MAS that they were unable to perform without the device. These activities included (in descending frequency) eating, page turning, driving a power wheelchair, brushing teeth, keyboarding, writing, name signing, drawing, painting, scratching nose, playing board games, accessing electronic devices, drinking, and grooming. Equipment design limitations included increased wheelchair width and problems managing the arms while reclining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobile arm supports allow persons with C4-C5 tetraplegia to engage in activities that they otherwise cannot perform with their arms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, 7601 E. Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242, USA. matkins@ladhs.org
authors.forename: Michal S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baumgarten
authors.forename: Yuriko Lynn
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Requejo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001132:Arm; D003625:Data Collection; D003697:Delphi Technique; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014910:Wheelchairs