title: Assessing caries removal by undergraduate dental students using quantitative light-induced fluorescence.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare detection of enamel and dentinal caries by dental students' and faculty members' visual inspection and by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). The overall aim was to determine whether QLF is an appropriate technique for use in clinical skills laboratories as a teaching aid for dental undergraduates to detect and assess the removal of enamel and dentinal caries. Sixty students who had no clinical experience with dental caries were asked to select . suitably decayed teeth and mount them in plaster. After recording baseline QLF images, students removed caries according to instructions given by the clinical tutor. On completion of the exercise, the teeth were visually determined to be caries-free by the student, then confirmed by the clinical tutor. A fluorescein in alcohol solution was injected into the cavity for two minutes, rinsed, and dried before QLF images were captured. The images were visually analyzed by two examiners for the presence or absence of caries. From seventy-four images recorded, seventeen were excluded due to exposure of the pulp chamber. The remaining fifty-seven teeth, which by clinical visual examination were judged to be caries-free, were examined using QLF. Fifty-three percent were found to be caries-free, while 47 percent were carious. In this sample of fifty-seven teeth judged to be caries-free by both dental students and faculty members, QLF thus detected caries in almost half of these teeth. These findings suggest that QLF is a useful, noninvasive, nondestructive technique for the detection of caries and can serve as an adjunct to chair-side diagnosis and management of dental caries, which is typically accomplished by visual inspection. QLF may be useful and appropriate as an objective clinical teaching aid for the assessment of dental caries.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom L69 3GN. A.A.Adeyemi@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adejumoke A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
authors.forename: Fadi D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Jarad
authors.forename: Gleb N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Komarov
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pender
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Higham
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000193:education*; D004497:Education, Dental; D019793:Fluorescein; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D012984:Software; D013335:Students, Dental; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019793:Fluorescein