title: Nutritional rickets in Denmark: a retrospective review of children's medical records from 1985 to 2005.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes clinical and biochemical characteristics of nutritional rickets and risk factors at diagnosis among children living in Denmark. All medical records from patients with rickets referred to or discharged from hospitals in Southern Denmark from 1985 to 2005 were identified by register search.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included were younger than 15 years of age and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of primary, nutritional rickets. A total of 112 patients with nutritional rickets were included: 29 were of ethnic Danish origin, and 83 were immigrants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients diagnosed before the age of 4 (median 1.4) years displayed the classic clinical signs of rickets, whereas patients diagnosed after the age of 4 (median 12.5) years had few clinical signs and unspecific symptoms. Ethnic Danish patients were only diagnosed before age 24 months, and they accounted for 73% of all cases presenting with hypocalcemic seizures, but biochemically, they did not have more severe rickets. Of patients diagnosed before the age of 4 years, 45% were ethnic Danish. In early childhood, insufficient or no vitamin D supplementation was given in 88% of all cases. Among immigrant girls older than 4 years of age, 78% were veiled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutritional rickets in Denmark is predominantly a disease among immigrants, but ethnic Danish patients comprised nearly half of all patients diagnosed before the age of 4 years, and they presented more frequently with hypocalcemic seizures. The main risk factors were omitted, such as vitamin D prophylaxis among the youngest patients and veiling among older children/teenagers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Southwest Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark. sbeck-nielsen@health.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Signe Sparre
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.forename: Tina Kold
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Jeppe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brixen
authors.forename: Bendt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brock-Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012279:Rickets / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D