title: Astragaloside IV attenuates lipolysis and improves insulin resistance induced by TNFalpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: Increased circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations have been demonstrated to potentially link obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a saponin which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of AS-IV on the lipolysis and insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. TNFalpha promotes lipolysis in mammal adipocytes via the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family resulting in reduced expression/function of perilipin. Application of AS-IV inhibited TNFalpha-induced accelerated lipolysis in a dose-dependent manner, which was compatible with suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and reversed the downregulation of perilipin. Moreover, TNFalpha induced downregulation of key enzymes in lipogenesis, including LPL, FAS and GPAT, were also attenuated by AS-IV. Further studies showed that AS-IV improved TNFalpha-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This study provides the first direct evidence of the antilipolytic action of AS-IV in adipocytes, which may allow this agent to decrease the circulating FFA levels, thus increase insulin sensitivity and treat cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Boren
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Libin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Mingdao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C052064:astragaloside A; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3