title: Influence of interesterification of a stearic acid-rich spreadable fat on acute metabolic risk factors.
abstract: Chemical and enzymatic interesterification are used to create spreadable fats. However, a comparison between the two processes in terms of their acute metabolic effects has not yet been investigated. A randomised crossover study in obese (plasma TAG > 1.69 mmol/L, and BMI > 30 (BMI = kg/m(2)) or waist circumference > 102 cm, n = 11, age = 59.3 +/- 1.8 years) and non-obese (plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) < 1.69 mmol/L, and BMI < 30 or waist circumference < 102 cm, n = 10, age = 55.8 +/- 2.2 years) men was undertaken to compare the effects of chemical versus enzymatic interesterification on postprandial risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). TAG, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid concentrations were measured for 6 h following consumption of 1 g fat/kg body mass of non-interesterified (NIE), chemically interesterified (CIE), enzymatically interesterified (EIE) stearic acid-rich fat spread or no fat, each with 50 g available carbohydrate from white bread. Interesterification did not affect postprandial glucose, insulin, free fatty acids or cholesterol (P > 0.05). Following ingestion of NIE, increases in serum oleic acid were observed, whereas both oleic and stearic acids were increased with CIE and EIE (P < 0.05). While postprandial TAG concentrations in non-obese subjects were not affected by fat treatment (P > 0.05), obese subjects had an 85% increase in TAGs with CIE versus NIE (P < 0.05). The differences in TAG response between non-obese and obese subjects suggest that interesterification may affect healthy individuals differently compared to those already at risk for T2D and/or CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Natalie C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Lindsay E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Latifeh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Alejandro G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marangoni
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004951:Esterification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D010938:Plant Oils; D013229:Stearic Acids; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; C031183:stearic acid