title: Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on ovarian cancer metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ginsenosides are main components extracted from ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the most important parts. Ginsenoside Rg3 has been found to inhibit several kinds of tumor growth and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on human ovarian cancer metastasis and the possible mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and the assay of tumor-induced angiogenesis were used to observe the inhibitory effects of Rg3 on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The effect of Rg3 on invasive ability of SKOV-3 cells in vitro was detected by Boyden chamber, and immunofluorescence staining was used to recognize the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in SKOV-3 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer, the number of tumor colonies in the lung and vessels oriented toward the tumor mass in each ginsenoside Rg3 group, was lower than that of control group. The invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells decreased significantly after treatment with ginsenoside Rg3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ginsenoside Rg3 can significantly inhibit the metastasis of ovarian cancer. The inhibitory effect is partially due to inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and decrease of invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. xutianmin@126.com
authors.forename: Tian-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Man-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Man-Man
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ding-Ding
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9