title: Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine Mx2 gene.
abstract: Mx, an interferon-inducible protein, is found in various vertebrates and confers resistance to several RNA viruses. At least two Mx proteins occur in vertebrates, and these proteins are key components of innate defense against viral infection. In mice and humans, the two Mx genes have different antiviral activities. Both Mx1 and Mx2 have also been detected in pigs, although only a partial sequence of porcine Mx2 has been reported, and there is no information on its antiviral activity. Here, we report the structure of the intact porcine Mx2 gene having an open reading frame of 2136 bp. We also determined the sequence of the genomic region containing the entire porcine Mx2 gene in addition to Mx1 gene. A weak constitutive expression of porcine Mx2 mRNA and endogenous Mx2 protein was observed in interferon-untreated cells. Porcine endogenous Mx2 protein showed nuclear localization. Furthermore, assays using NIH3T3 cells transfected with Mx genes showed that porcine Mx2 possessed antiviral activity against influenza, although this activity was lower than that of human MxA. This report is the first to describe the intact porcine Mx2 gene, which is a functional gene that may play a key role in the clearance of viruses in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Second Research Division, Institute of Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (STAFF-Institute), 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morozumi
authors.forename: Tadasuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Pham Doan
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Awata
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Kyosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Tomomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamasima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004285:Dogs; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C579071:MX1 protein, human; C579070:Mx1 protein, mouse; C579067:Mx2 protein, mouse; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins