title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of montelukast for acute bronchiolitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cysteinyl leukotrienes are implicated in the inflammation of bronchiolitis. Recently, a specific cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast (Singulair [MSD, Haarlem, Netherlands]), has been approved for infants in granule sachets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to evaluate the effect of montelukast on clinical progress and on cytokines in acute bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study in 2 medical centers. Fifty-three infants (mean age: 3.8+/-3.5 months) with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive either 4-mg montelukast sachets or placebo, every day, from hospital admission until discharge. The primary outcome was length of stay, and secondary outcomes included clinical severity score (maximum of 12) and changes in type 1 and 2 cytokine levels (including interleukin4/IFN-gamma ratio as a surrogate for the T-helper 2/T-helper 1 ratio) in nasal lavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were comparable at baseline, and cytokine levels correlated positively with disease severity. There were neither differences in length of stay (4.63+/-1.88 [placebo group] vs 4.65+/-1.97 days [montelukast group]) nor in clinical severity score and cytokine levels between the 2 groups. No differences in interleukin 4/IFN-gamma ratio between the 2 groups were seen. There was a slight tendency for infants in the montelukast group to recover more slowly than those in the placebo group (clinical severity score at discharge: 6.1+/-2.4 vs 4.8+/-2.2, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Montelukast did not improve the clinical course in acute bronchiolitis. No significant effect of montelukast on the T-helper 2/T-helper 1 cytokine ratio when given in the early acute phase could be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Ziv Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Safed 13100, Israel. amirav@012.net.il
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amirav
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Luder
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Borovitch
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Babai
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuker
authors.forename: Gay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.forename: Avigdor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandelberg
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000208:Acute Disease; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013440:Sulfides; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; C093875:montelukast