title: Screening for anti-inflammatory activity of 12 Arnica (Asteraceae) species assessed by inhibition of NF-kappaB and release of human neutrophil elastase.
abstract: Several species in the genus Arnica have been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory-related disorders. Extracts of twelve Arnica species and two species closely related to arnica ( Layia hieracioides and Madia sativa) were investigated for inhibition of human neutrophil elastase release and inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in inhibitory capacities between extracts. Sesquiterpene lactones of the helenanolide type, of which some are known inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase release and NF-kappaB, are present in large amounts in the very active extracts of A. montana and A. chamissonis. Furthermore, A. longifolia, which has previously not been investigated, shows a high activity similar to that of A. montana and A. chamissonis in both bioassays. Sesquiterpene lactones of the xanthalongin type are present in large amounts in A. longifolia and other active extracts and would be interesting to evaluate further. COX-2:cyclooxygenase 2 EMSA:electrophoretic mobility shift assay fMLP: N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine HaCaT:human keratinocyte HNE:human neutrophil elastase IkappaB:inhibitory subunit of kappaB iNOS:inducible nitric oxide synthase NF-kappaB:nuclear factor kappaB PAF:platelet activating factor STL:sesquiterpene lactone TNF-alpha:tumor necrosis factor alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Sweden. catarina.ekenas@fkog.uu.se
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekenäs
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zebrowska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vrede
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merfort
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bohlin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018650:Arnica / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007783:Lactones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007783:Lactones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase