title: Physiologic alterations in the murine model after nasal fungal antigenic exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a recently developed murine model of fungus-induced sinonasal inflammation demonstrated alterations in ciliary activity and expression of inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized controlled study of rhinosinusitis after fungal antigenic sensitization was performed with intraperitoneal aspergillus antigen injection followed by intranasal antigen challenge for 4 weeks. Saline solution was used in a parallel fashion for control animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six mice were used to validate the model. Additional 15 mice were used for ciliary beat frequency (CBF) analysis and cytokine expression with multiplex technology. Mean values for degree of inflammation, secretory hyperplasia, CBF, and cytokine expression were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic analyses demonstrated dense chronic inflammation in aspergillus-challenged animals versus sparse inflammatory cells in controls. Significant differences in mean of aspergillus-challenged versus control animals were observed in degree of inflammation (P < 0.01), secretory hyperplasia (P < 0.01), CBF (P < 0.00002), IL-1alpha (P < 0.0002), IL-1beta (P < 0.0003), IL-4 (P < 0.02), TNF-alpha (P < 0.02), and RANTES (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alteration in baseline CBF accompanied by increased expression of specific inflammatory cytokines was observed in aspergillus-challenged mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ayesha N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: Bradford A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Sadeq A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Quraishi
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Fenella H A
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Noam A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D016207:Cytokines