title: Potential antioxidant activity, cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of Chelidonium majus L. extract on leukemia cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess whether a methanol extract isolated from the greater celandine Chelidonium majus L. (CME) had antioxidant effect and was able to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The potential antioxidant activity of CME was proved by the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of CME was measured by the cell growth inhibition assay using murine leukemia L1210 cell line and human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells. Apoptosis-inducing effect was determined by fluorescence microscopy (chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the DPPH assay CME acted as a scavenger of DPPH free radical. The results on antiproliferative properties assessment clearly demonstrated that CME had a cytotoxic effect towards both leukemia cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the human promyelocytic HL-60 cells were more sensitive to CME treatment than the L1210 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the extract of C. majus L. had a strong antioxidant potential and exerted the antiproliferative activity via apoptosis on leukemia cells. CME due to the presence of the isoquinoline alkaloids and the flavonoid components may play an important role in both cancer chemoprevention through its antioxidant activity and modern cancer chemotherapy as cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Slavomira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miadokova
authors.forename: Lubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alfoldiova
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopaskova
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasplova
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hudecova
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaculcikova
authors.forename: Fridrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gregan
authors.forename: Lubos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D028281:Chelidonium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007939:Leukemia L1210 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl