Intracortical motor inhibition and facilitation in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), disturbed facilitatory and inhibitory motor functions were recently found to correlate with motor hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Since hyperactivity seems to become reduced in ADHD during the transition to adulthood, a normalization of motor cortical excitability might be assumed. Therefore, we investigated the same inhibitory and facilitatory TMS paradigms in ADHD adults as we had previously examined in children. Motor cortical excitability was tested with TMS paired-pulse protocols in 21 ADHD adults and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. In contrast to our results in ADHD children, no group-specific differences in amplitude changes of motor evoked potentials for inhibitory inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) (3, 100, 200 and 300 ms) or for facilitatory ISIs (13, 50 ms) could be detected. In ADHD adults, disturbed facilitatory and inhibitory motor circuits as found in ADHD children could not be shown, probably due to a development-dependent normalization of motor cortical excitability.
Hoeppner
Jacqueline
J
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany. jacqueline.hoeppner@med.uni-rostock.de
Neumeyer
Martin
M
Wandschneider
Roland
R
Herpertz
Sabine C
SC
Gierow
Wolfgang
W
Haessler
Frank
F
Buchmann
Johannes
J
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult