title: Altered {beta}-catenin accumulation in hepatocellular carcinomas of diethylnitrosamine-exposed rhesus macaques.
abstract: Chemical exposures are important risks for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One such chemical, diethylnitrosamine (DENA), is present in food products as well as in industrial and research settings. Further examination of tumors induced by DENA may yield clues to human risk. HCC from seven rhesus macaques exposed to DENA was selected from a tissue archive to examine for evidence of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling events, which are frequently associated with HCC. DENA exposure durations ranged from 8 to 207 months, and total accumulated dose ranged from 0.7 to 4.08 mg. Unexposed colony breeder macaques served as controls. Previously unrecognized HCC metastases were discovered in lungs of three macaques. Overexpression of beta-catenin and glutamine synthetase was detected by immunohistochemistry in six confirmed primary HCC and all metastatic HCC, which implicated Wnt/beta-catenin activation. Concomitant beta-catenin gene mutation was detected in one primary HCC; similar findings have been reported in human and rodent HCC. Neither beta-catenin mutation nor beta-catenin overexpression appeared to influence metastatic potential. Accumulation of intracellular proteins involved in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during HCC oncogenesis in rhesus macaques exposed to DENA appears to include other mechanisms, in addition to mutation of beta-catenin gene.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Bih-Rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Shelley B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Tillman
authors.forename: L Tiffany
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sills
authors.forename: R Mark
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014015:Tissue Banks; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D051176:beta Catenin; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase