title: An essential role for dermal primary cilia in hair follicle morphogenesis.
abstract: The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle implicated as an essential component of a number of signaling pathways. It is present on cells throughout the mammalian body; however, its functions in most tissues remain largely unknown. Herein we demonstrate that primary cilia are present on cells in murine skin and hair follicles throughout morphogenesis and during hair follicle cycling in postnatal life. Using the Cre-lox system, we disrupted cilia assembly in the ventral dermis and evaluated the effects on hair follicle development. Mice with disrupted dermal cilia have severe hypotrichosis (lack of hair) in affected areas. Histological analyses reveal that most follicles in the mutants arrest at stage 2 of hair development and have small or absent dermal condensates. This phenotype is reminiscent of that seen in the skin of mice lacking Shh or Gli2. In situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicates that the hedgehog pathway is downregulated in the dermis of the cilia mutant hair follicles. Thus, these data establish cilia as a critical signaling component required for normal hair morphogenesis and suggest that this organelle is needed on cells in the dermis for reception of signals such as sonic hedgehog.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Essam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laag
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Bradley K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yoder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007039:Hypotrichosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2
chemical_list: C000618551:Gli2 protein, mouse; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C465570:Shh protein, mouse; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases