title: Free radical-scavenging activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate antiradical activity of aqueous and ethanolic hawthorn fruit extracts, their flavonoids, and flavonoid combinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total amount of phenolic compounds and the constituents of flavonoids were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Crataegus monogyna extracts and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, vitexin-2O-rhamnoside, epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidin B(2)) quantitatively was determined using the method of spectrophotometry (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) radical scavenging assay and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS.+) radical cation decolorization assay). The level of tyrosine nitration inhibition was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanolic hawthorn fruit extract contained 182+/-4 mg/100 mL phenolic compounds, i.e. threefold more, as compared to aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity according to DPPH. reduction in the ethanolic extracts was higher 2.3 times (P<0.05). The ABTS.+ technique showed that the effect of ethanolic extracts was by 2.5 times stronger than that of aqueous extracts. Tyrosine nitration inhibition test showed that the effect of ethanolic extracts was by 1.4 times stronger than that of aqueous extracts. The investigation of the antiradical activity of the active constituents in aqueous and ethanolic extracts revealed that epicatechin and catechin contribute to radical-scavenging properties more than other components. Procyanidin B(2) only insignificantly influenced the antiradical activity of the extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both aqueous and ethanolic hawthorn extracts had antiradical activity, but ethanolic extract had stronger free radical-scavenging properties, compared to the aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity of the studied preparations was mostly conditioned by epicatechin and catechin. The individual constituents of both extracts had weaker free radical-scavenging properties than the combination of these substances did.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. jurgabernatoniene@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jurga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernatoniene
authors.forename: Rūta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masteikova
authors.forename: Daiva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Majiene
authors.forename: Arūnas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savickas
authors.forename: Egidijus
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kevelaitis
authors.forename: Rūta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernatoniene
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dvorácková
authors.forename: Genuvaite
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Civinskiene
authors.forename: Raimundas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lekas
authors.forename: Konradas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vitkevicius
authors.forename: Rimantas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peciūra
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; C007145:crataegus extract