title: Antifertility and fetotoxic activities of Acanthus montanus aqueous extract in Wistar rats.
abstract: Acanthus montanus T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) possesses several medicinal properties; it is used in Cameroon as a folk medicine to treat pain, inflammation and threatened abortion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of A. montanus aqueous extract on the estrous cycle pre- and postimplantation in rats and its mechanism of action. The estrous cycles of Wistar rats were monitored before, during and after oral administration of distilled water (control) or aqueous extract (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, pregnant rats received the above doses of aqueous extract on days 1-6 (preimplantation) or 6-15 (postimplantation) of gestation and were sacrificed on day 8 or 20 of pregnancy, respectively. Moreover, aqueous extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) was given to ovariectomized rats in the presence or absence of exogenously administered estrogen and/or progesterone and uterine weight and deciduoma count were evaluated. The extract, irrespective of dose, reversibly prolonged the metestrous and occasionally the diestrous stages of the estrous cycle. The extract did not alter the uterine wet weight or deciduoma count, suggesting a lack of estrogenic and progestational effects. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the extract caused appreciable preimplantation losses of 36.8 +/- 6.5% (P < 0.05), while none of the doses caused postimplantation losses. The extract also caused delayed fetal growth.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon. cpehw@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Emmanuel Acha
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Asongalem
authors.forename: Paulin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nana
authors.forename: Harquin Simplice
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Foyet
authors.forename: Théophile
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dimo
authors.forename: Pièrre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamtchouing
mesh_terms: D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D002163:Cameroon; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D033301:Deciduoma / Q000187:drug effects; D004031:Diestrus / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000139:chemically induced; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008686:Metestrus / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013723:Teratogens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013723:Teratogens; D014867:Water; D004958:Estradiol