title: Trefoil factor-3 expression in human colon cancer liver metastasis.
abstract: Deaths from colorectal cancer are often due to liver metastasis. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) is expressed by normal intestinal epithelial cells and its expression is maintained throughout the colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Our previous work demonstrated a correlation between TFF3 expression and metastatic potential in an animal model of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether TFF3 is expressed in human colon cancer liver metastasis (CCLM) and whether inhibiting TFF3 expression in colon cancer cells would alter their invasive potential in vitro. Human CCLMs were analyzed at the mRNA and protein level for TFF3 expression. Two highly metastatic rat colon cancer cell lines that either natively express TFF3 (LN cells) or were transfected with TFF3 (LPCRI-2 cells), were treated with two rat TFF3 siRNA constructs (si78 and si365), and analyzed in an in vitro invasion assay. At the mRNA and protein level, TFF3 was expressed in 17/17 (100%) CCLMs and 10/11 (91%) primary colon cancers, but not in normal liver tissue. By real time PCR, TFF3 expression was markedly inhibited by both siRNA constructs in LN and LPCRI-2 cells. The si365 and si78 constructs inhibited invasion by 44% and 53%, respectively, in LN cells, and by 74% and 50%, respectively, in LPCRI-2 cells. These results provide further evidence that TFF3 contributes to the malignant behavior of colon cancer cells. These observations may have relevance for designing new diagnostic and treatment approaches to colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1069, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babyatsky
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xianyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yio
authors.forename: Anli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jie-yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Twyman
authors.forename: Xiuliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Swan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawrence Werther
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itzkowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3