title: Study of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in ductal in situ carcinomas of the breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An immunohistochemical study was performed in 56 patients with pure DCIS, in 39 with DCIS adjacent to invasive carcinoma (IDC) and 63 patients with T1 IDC, using tissue microarrays and specific antibodies against MMPs and TIMPs. Immunohistochemical results were categorized using a specific software program. The data were analysed by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis by each cellular type. IDC showed a higher expression rate of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 than pure DCIS, as well as a higher expression rate of MMP-9 and TIMP-3 than the DCIS component of mixed cases, whereas pure DCIS showed a higher rate of expression of MMP-9 and -11 and TIMP-3 than in the DCIS component of mixed cases. Pure DCIS with a periductal inflammatory infiltrate showed significantly higher MMP-2, -14 and TIMP-1. Dendograms identified two cluster groups with distinct MMP/TIMP expression profiles in neoplastic cells and fibroblastic or mononuclear inflammatory cells surrounding the neoplastic ducts of pure DCIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the distinct variability in MMP/TIMP expression by DCIS, which may be of potential biological and clinical interest in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Junquera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viña
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lamelas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vizoso
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases