title: Leptin: a predictor of abnormal glucose tolerance and prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction and without previously known Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High levels of leptin and low adiponectin are associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) disease. We studied the prognostic implications of leptin and adiponectin in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without previously known Type 2 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty-one patients were included. Based on an oral glucose tolerance test at hospital discharge (day 4-5), 168 (67% men) had normal or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), defined as impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM. Sex- and age-matched healthy persons served as control subjects (n = 185). The associations between fasting serum leptin and adiponectin (day 2) and newly discovered AGT and CV events (CV mortality, non-fatal stroke, reinfarction or severe heart failure) during a median follow-up of 34 months were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control subjects, patients of both genders had significantly higher levels of leptin 2 days after an AMI. These levels were higher than those obtained at hospital discharge and 3 months later. Circulating levels of (ln) leptin 2 days after the AMI predicted AGT at discharge (odds ratio 2.03, P = 0.042). Ln leptin at day 2 was the only biochemical variable that significantly predicted CV events both on univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 1.60, P = 0.018] and on multivariate analysis (HR 1.75, P = 0.045). Adiponectin levels did not differ between patients and control subjects and did not relate to AGT or CV events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated circulating levels of leptin on the first morning after an AMI are associated with the presence of AGT at discharge and with a poorer long-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. marit.wallander@ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallander
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norhammar
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin