title: In vitro inflammatory response of nanostructured titania, silicon oxide, and polycaprolactone.
abstract: Nanostructured materials are ubiquitous in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing applications. Nonetheless, little is known about the inflammatory response of materials differing in surface nanoarchitecture. Here we report human monocyte viability and morphology, in addition to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1alpha and B, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha and gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12, MIP-1alpha and beta), and reactive oxygen species production on several nanostructured surfaces, compared to flat surfaces of the same material. The surfaces studied were titiania nanotubes, short and long silicon oxide, and polycaprolactone nanowires. The results indicate that inflammation on titanium, polycaprolactone, and silicon oxide materials can be reduced by restructuring the surface with nanoarchitecture. Nanostructured surfaces display a reduced inflammation response compared to a respective flat control, with significant differences between titanium and nanotubular titanium. Little difference is observed in the inflammatory response between short and long nanowires of PCL and silicon oxide. All surfaces are significantly less inflammatory than the positive control, lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, we show that flat titanium is more inflammatory than silicon oxide and polycaprolactone. This study shows that nanoarchitecture can be used to reduce the inflammatory response of human monocytes in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology, Department of Physiology, Division of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Kristy M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ainslie
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ketul C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Popat
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Veeral
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hardev
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Tejal A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D005609:Free Radicals; D011091:Polyesters; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C016240:polycaprolactone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium