title: Cryopreservation of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) spermatozoa obtained by electroejaculation.
abstract: We tested extenders and freezing protocols for Iberian red deer semen. Samples were obtained by electroejaculation (10 stags), and analyzed for motility (CASA), viability (propidium ioide), acrosomal (PNA-FITC) and mitochondrial status (JC-1). Samples were diluted 1+1 in extender, cooled and adjusted for glycerol (extender with higher glycerol concentration), brought to 160 x 10(6)mL(-1) and frozen. Four experiments were carried out, repeating sperm analysis after thawing to compare treatments. In a first experiment, seven samples were frozen using Triladyl (20% egg yolk) and UL extender (Tes-Tris-fructose, 15% egg yolk, 4% glycerol). Triladyl yielded higher motility after thawing. In a second trial, 17 samples were frozen using Triladyl, Andromed, Bioxcell, and UL with 8% LDL (low-density lipoproteins). Triladyl, and Andromed performed better than Bioxcell on motility, and than UL-LDL on viability and acrosomal status. In a third experiment, the performance of freezing the sperm-rich ejaculate fraction versus the whole ejaculate was tested on nine samples. The sperm-rich ejaculate fraction not only rendered more motile and viable spermatozoa but also showed higher freezability (higher motile spermatozoa recovery). In a fourth experiment, we tried three modifications of the freezing protocol, for improving the freezability of low concentration samples: prior removal of seminal plasma; replacing extender (second fraction) for pure glycerol to reduce dilution; and performing only the 1+1 dilution, not the second dilution. No differences were found, although only three samples could be used. Both Triladyl and Andromed were deemed appropriate for freezing Iberian red deer semen, and the rich fraction should be selected for freezing.
authors.affiliation: Biology of Reproduction Group, National Wildlife Research Institute (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, and Institute for Regional Development (IDR), 02071 Albacete, Spain. Felipe.Martinez@uclm.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pastor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maroto-Morales
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-Alvarez
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garde
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003670:Deer; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents