title: Small LDL-cholesterol is superior to LDL-cholesterol for determining severe coronary atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence suggests that small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles are more atherogenic than large-LDL in spite of their lower cholesterol content. This study aimed to determine whether sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) is superior to LDL-C as a biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  LDL particle size determined by gradient gel electrophoresis and sd-LDL-C concentrations quantified by heparin-magnesium precipitation were compared between 482 stable CHD patients and 389 non-diabetic subjects without CHD who were not receiving any lipid-lowering drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both male and female CHD patients had significantly smaller LDL particles and lower large-LDL-C concentrations (estimated by subtracting the sd-LDL-C concentration from the LDL-C concentration), and significantly higher sd-LDL-C concentrations than the control subjects. LDL-C concentrations were modestly higher and sd-LDL-C concentrations were significantly higher in 258 patients with angiographically documented severe CHD than in the patients with mild CHD irrespective of treatment by LDL-lowering drugs and history of myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization. Large-LDL-C concentrations, in contrast, were similar between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sd-LDL-C levels were significantly associated with severe CHD independently of LDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sd-LDL-C levels are more powerful than LDL-C levels for the determination of severe stable CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, tokyo, Japan. skoba@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koba
authors.forename: Yuuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geshi
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katagiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL