Echocardiographic left ventricular mass in a multiethnic Southeast Asian population: proposed new gender and age-specific norms.
BACKGROUND
Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcome. We aimed to define normal reference values of LVM/body surface area (BSA) in a multiethnic Southeast Asian population across ages, and define demographic parameters that predict LVM/BSA.


METHODS
198 subjects (44% men, mean age 40 +/- 14 years, 82% Chinese, 13% Malay and 5% Indian) with no cardiovascular comorbidity and had normal echo images for age were included in the analysis. Echo LVM was calculated as: 1.04 x[(left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole [LVIDd]+ interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole [IVSd]+ left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole [LVPWd])(3)- LVIDd(3)x 0.8]+ 0.6(1), indexed by BSA (LVM/BSA)* and expressed as g/m(2).


RESULTS
BSA and blood pressure (BP) were comparable between dichotomous age groups < or >or= 50 years within the same gender. Women aged >or= 50 years had larger IVSD, LVPWd, LVM and LVM/BSA compared to younger cohort. (p < 0.01 for all variables). The 95th percentile of LVM in men and women were 189 g and 148 g respectively; corresponding values for LVM/BSA were 106 and 96 g/m(2). These values are consistently smaller than published values from the West. Age (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), gender (r =-0.30, P < 0.001), and systolic BP (r = 0.25, P = 0.003) were significant univariate predictors of LVM/BSA.


CONCLUSIONS
We therefore propose a different cutoff value for the diagnosis of LV hypertrophy among Southeast Asians.
Wong
Raymond Ching-Chiew
RC
Cardiac Department, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Raymond_cc_wong@nuh.com.sg
Yip
James Wei-Luen
JW
Gupta
Anuj
A
Yang
Hong
H
Ling
Lieng H
LH
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution