title: The role of a single nucleotide polymorphism of MDM2 in glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, with a 5-year survival rate of < 5%. Aberrant function of TP53 is common in GBM. Although mutational inactivation of p53 is found in many cases, there remain tumors in which genetic alterations of p53 are absent. Negative regulators of the TP53 pathway such as MDM2, which directly inhibits TP53 expression and activity, may influence the pathogenesis of GBM. To understand its potential function in gliomagenesis, the authors analyzed a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MDM2 promoter that enhances MDM2 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigators isolated DNA from 98 patients with GBM and 102 healthy, cancer-free controls. A polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine the MDM2 SNP309 genotype by using distinct primer pairs for the wild-type (T) and mutant (G) alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the mutant MDM2 polymorphism was found to be higher (p = 0.0092) in patients with GBM (54.6%) compared with healthy controls (41.2%); the TT and GG genotypes were more common in healthy controls and patients with GBM (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.02, respectively). Although there was no association between the MDM2 SNP309 and overall survival, the GG genotype was associated with development of GBM at a younger age in patients with tumors harboring wild-type p53, which may mitigate the effect of the MDM2 SNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the MDM2 SNP309 does not portend decreased survival, the increased incidence of the mutant G allele in patients with GBM and its influence on age of onset suggest a potential role in the molecular pathogenesis of GBM, and may be a therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Rina G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.forename: Kapila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Navaratne
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2