title: Alendronate and Pamidronate calcium phosphate bone cements: setting properties and in vitro response of osteoblast and osteoclast cells.
abstract: We have investigated the effect of Alendronate and Pamidronate, two bisphosphonates widely employed for the treatment of pathologies related to bone loss, on the setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of a calcium phosphate bone cement. The cement composition includes alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) (90 wt%), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (5 wt%) and CaHPO(4) x 2H(2)O (5 wt%). Disodium Alendronate and disodium Pamidronate were added to the liquid phase (bidistilled water) at two different concentrations: 0.4 and 1mM (AL0.4, AL1.0, PAM0.4, PAM1.0). Both the initial and the final setting times of the bisphosphonate-containing cements increase with respect to the control cement. X-ray diffraction analysis, mechanical tests, and SEM investigations were carried out on the cements after different times of soaking in physiological solution. The rate of transformation of alpha-TCP into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, as well as the microstructure of the cements, is not affected by the presence of Alendronate and Pamidronate. At variance, the bisphosphonates provoke a modest worsening of the mechanical properties. MG63 osteoblasts grown on the cements show a normal morphology and biological tests demonstrate very good rate of proliferation and viability in every experimental time. In particular, both Alendronate and Pamidronate promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, whereas they inhibit osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry G Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panzavolta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bracci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bigi
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000077268:Pamidronate
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004164:Diphosphonates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; D000077268:Pamidronate; D019386:Alendronate