title: Predictive factors of non invasive ventilation failure in critically ill children: a prospective epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identification of predictive factors for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) failure and determination of NIV characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116 episodes were included. Clinical data collected were respiratory rate (RR), heart rate and FiO(2) before NIV began. Same data and expiratory and support pressures were collected at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Conditions precipitating acute respiratory failure (ARF) were classified into two groups: type 1 (38 episodes) and type 2 (78 episodes). Ventilation-perfusion impairment was the main respiratory failure mechanism in type 1, and hypoventilation in type 2. Factors predicting NIV failure were determined by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most common admission diagnoses were pneumonia (81.6%) in type 1 and bronchiolitis (39.7%) and asthma (42.3%) in type 2. Complications secondary to NIV were detected in 23 episodes (20.2%). NIV success rate was 84.5% (68.4% in type 1 and 92.3% in type 2). Type 1 patients showed a higher risk of NIV failure compared to type 2 (OR 11.108; CI 95%, 2.578-47.863). A higher PRISM score (OR 1.138; CI 95%, 1.022-1.267), and a lower RR decrease at 1 h and at 6 h (OR 0.926; CI 95%, 0.860-0.997 and OR 0.911; CI 95%, 0.837-0.991, respectively) were also independently associated with NIV failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIV is a useful respiratory support technique in paediatric patients. Type 1 group classification, higher PRISM score, and lower RR decrease during NIV were independent risk factors for NIV failure.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayordomo-Colunga
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Corsino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Concha
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Los Arcos
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menéndez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D008874:Midazolam