title: Treatment of experimental periodontal disease by photodynamic therapy in rats with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically and histometrically the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjuvant treatment on induced periodontitis in rats with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty rats were divided evenly into two groups: non-diabetic (ND; n = 120) and alloxan diabetic (D; n = 120). Periodontal disease was induced in both groups at the first mandibular molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and all animals underwent scaling and root planing (SRP) and were divided according to the following treatments: irrigation with saline solution (SRP); irrigation with a phenothiazinium dye (100 microg/ml) (TBO); laser irradiation (660 nm, 24 J) (LLLT); and PDT (TBO and laser irradiation). Ten animals in each experimental group and treatment subgroup were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days. The histometric values were analyzed statistically (P <0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ND group, the animals treated by PDT showed less bone loss (0.33 +/- 0.05 mm(2), 0.35 +/- 0.06 mm(2), and 0.27 +/- 0.07 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively; P <0.05) at all experimental periods than the SRP group (1.11 +/- 0.11 mm(2), 0.84 +/- 0.12 mm(2), and 0.97 +/- 0.13 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), the TBO group (0.51 +/- 0.12 mm(2), 0.70 +/- 0.13 mm(2), and 0.64 +/- 0.08 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), and the LLLT group (0.59 +/- 0.03 mm(2), 0.61 +/- 0.04 mm(2), and 0.60 +/- 0.03 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively). In the D group, the animals treated by PDT showed less bone loss (0.29 +/- 0.03 mm(2), 0.24 +/- 0.02 mm(2), and 0.27 +/- 0.06 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively; P <0.05) at all experimental periods than the SRP group (2.27 +/- 0.47 mm(2), 3.23 +/- 0.34 mm(2), and 2.82 +/- 0.75 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), the TBO group (0.51 +/- 0.15 mm(2), 0.44 +/- 0.07 mm(2), and 0.57 +/- 0.13 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), and the LLLT group (0.37 +/- 0.05 mm(2), 0.35 +/- 0.09 mm(2), and 0.39 +/- 0.12 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT was a beneficial adjuvant treatment for periodontal diseases induced by bacterial plaque and systemically modified by diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano Milanezi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Leticia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Theodoro
authors.forename: Alvaro Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Maria José Hitomi
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Samara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: Valdir Gouveia
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010640:Phenothiazines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents