title: TNF-alpha and IL-6 affect human sperm function by elevating nitric oxide production.
abstract: Many studies have reported the effects of cytokines on human sperm function, even though their role and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The effects of increasing concentrations of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 on human sperm motility and viability were assessed, and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. TNF-alpha and IL-6 significantly reduced progressive motility at higher concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No differences were observed in cell viability. Both cytokines increased nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. TNF-alpha and IL-6 did not statistically differ in their detrimental effects on human spermatozoa. These results indicate that TNF-alpha and IL-6 have an effect on sperm function. This effect is possibly mediated via an increase in nitric oxide production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. fannuel@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Fanuel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lampiao
authors.forename: Stefan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: du Plessis
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester