title: Causes of blindness at Nkhoma Eye Hospital, Malawi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of blindness in Sub-Saharan Africa is treatable. This hospital-based study was undertaken in order to investigate the etiology of blindness at Nkhoma Eye Hospital, Malawi.
  
  
  METHODS
  One ophthalmologist examined 2082 consecutive new patients who presented to the outpatient department at Nkhoma Eye Hospital, Malawi in 2006. Data recorded included age, sex, visual acuity and diagnosis. Patients were classified as blind if their best corrected visual acuity was <3/60 in one eye (unilateral) or two eyes (bilateral).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common diagnosis in new outpatients was cataract (52.8%), followed by glaucoma (8.1%), corneal pathology (7.2%), uveitis (4.5%) and maculopathy (3.2%). There were 742 (35.6%) patients with unilateral blindness and 331 (15.9%) patients with bilateral blindness. Unilateral blindness was present in 37.4% of males and 26.5% of females. The most common causes of unilateral blindness were lens pathology (57.8%), followed by glaucoma (12.1%), corneal pathology (10.0%) and uveitis (6.1%). Bilateral blindness was present in 12.5% of males and 16.8% of females respectively. The most common causes of bilateral blindness were lens pathology (54.4%), followed by glaucoma (19.9%), retinopathy (3.6%), maculopathy (3.6%), uveitis (3.6%) and corneal pathology (3.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in Nkhoma. Resultantly, cataract management is preferentially targeted in the Nkhoma VISION2020 Programme. Training of auxiliary eye personnel in cataract diagnosis and surgery may assist in this approach.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria - Australia. justincsherwin@gmail.com
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006782:Hospitals, Special / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult