title: Sequential salvage chemotherapy for recurrent intracranial hemangiopericytoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an uncommon primary brain tumor with an almost invariable tendency to recur and metastasize. We undertook a retrospectively collected case series of recurrent intracranial HPCs treated with salvage chemotherapy with the primary objective of evaluating progression-free survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients, ages 26 to 62 years, with recurrent HPC and who were previously treated with surgery and involved-field radiotherapy were studied. Eight (53%) of these patients had undergone re-resection before study entry. Ten patients (67%) were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was administered to 5 patients at first relapse, 8 at second relapse, and 2 at third relapse (none of these patients were candidates for reoperation or stereotactic radiotherapy). Eight patients developed disseminated disease, all with multifocal intracranial disease (5 with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, 4 with extraneural metastases). All patients were initially treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV). After disease progression despite the administration of CAV in clinically appropriate patients, alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) (9 patients) was administered. Five patients were treated with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide after they failed to respond to alpha-IFN. Neurological and neuroradiographic evaluations were performed every 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were evaluable. A median of 4 cycles of CAV; 8 cycles of alpha-IFN; and 2 cycles of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide were administered. Chemotherapy-related toxicity included alopecia (100%), anemia (40%), thrombocytopenia (27%), and neutropenia (40%). Best response included 6 patients (40%) with a neuroradiographic partial response (2 with CAV, 4 with alpha-IFN), 14 (93%) had stable disease (9 with CAV, 5 with alpha-IFN), and 9 (60%) had progressive disease (4 with CAV, 5 with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide). The median overall survival was 14 months (range, 2-24 mo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage chemotherapy demonstrated modest efficacy with acceptable toxicity in this cohort of adult patients with recurrent surgery- and radiotherapy-refractory intracranial HPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98102, USA. chambermc@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006393:Hemangiopericytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008081:Liposomes; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008081:Liposomes; D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide