title: Intradural jugular paragangliomas: complications and sequelae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the long-term results of a group of patients who underwent surgery for intradural jugular paragangliomas. We discuss the complications, sequelae, and evolution of recurrences and behavior of residual tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1989 to 2002, 11 patients with intradural jugular paragangliomas underwent surgery using different approaches. The paragangliomas were grouped according to the classification of Fisch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total removal of the paraganglioma was possible in eight patients, while a subtotal resection was achieved in the other three cases. The tumor remnant remained stable in two patients but continued to grow in one. Recurrence was observed in one patient. There were preoperative deficits in cranial nerves IX to XI in four patients and of XII in two patients. Deficits of cranial nerves IX to XI were acquired as a result of surgery in three cases and of XII in another. Six patients had a pure-tone average of 45 to 75 dB while the others had dead ears. Persistent dysphagia and dysphonia were managed in two patients by injection of the paralyzed cord with fat and subsequent medialization of the vocal cord by thyroplasty. Two patients had a cerebrospinal fluid leak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical results in patients with extensive jugular paragangliomas are consistent and offer an acceptable quality of life even in advanced cases.
authors.affiliation: OtoRhinoLaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics G. Ferreri Department, University La Sapienza of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magliulo
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parrotto
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alansi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuiuli
authors.forename: Francesca Romana
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Alla