title: Gestational diabetes mellitus in a cohort of HIV-1 infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook a prospective study to estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and associated risk factors in a cohort of 669 HIV-1 infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The O'Sullivan and glucose tolerance tests were performed during regular visits of 609 mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the cohort was 30.7 years (range 16-44), with most women having had heterosexual contact (67%). The majority were in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) category A (71%) and 53% exhibited hepatitis C co-infection. Median viral load and CD4 count at third trimester were 545 cells/microL (range 139-1690 cells/microL) and 1.9 log (range 1.7-5.4), respectively. Seventy-four per cent of the patients were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), of whom 41% received a protease inhibitor (PI). An above-average prevalence of 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2-9.5] for positive GDM diagnosis was found. Risk factors associated with GDM in univariate analysis included older age, hepatitis C co-infection, stavudine and PI exposure. However, only older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.09, 95% CI 1-1.1] and PI exposure (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1-5.3) remained as independent risk factors for GDM development in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort, the prevalence of GDM appears to be increased, with older age and PI exposure contributing as significant independent risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunodeficiencies, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. maribelgt@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: González-Tomé
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramos Amador
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Solís
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ibieta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeda
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rojano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nieto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult