title: A study of electrodes used in controlled-potential electrolysis of metal ions.
abstract: Various electrodes used in controlled-potential electrolysis of metal ions are discussed: (1) a double-junction saturated calomel reference electrode with sodium formate as bridge electrolyte; (2) an auxiliary electrode made by winding platinum wire on a Teflon cylinder; (3) a working electrode made of tantalum gauze. The advantages of the tantalum electrode over a platinum electrode are that the hydrogen overpotential is higher, and the tantalum electrode need not be precoated with copper before deposition of metals such as Bi, Zn and Sn, which tend to form alloys with platinum. The electrode needs pretreatment before use, but this takes only 4 min or less.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Institute of Materials, SCMI, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chun Xiang