title: Design and evaluation of bioadhesive in-situ nasal gel of ketorolac tromethamine.
abstract: The present study was aimed at developing safe and effective bioadhesive gelling systems of ketorolac tromethamine, a potent non-narcotic analgesic with moderate anti-inflammatory activity for nasal systemic delivery. Chitosan and pectin based gelling systems were prepared with variables like polymer concentration and type. These systems were characterized in terms of their physical properties, in vitro bioadhesion, in vitro drug release and long-term stability. The anti-inflammatory activity and mucosal irritancy of selected gels were also evaluated in rats and these results were compared with per oral, intraperitoneal and nasal solution administration of ketorolac tromethamine. All the prepared formulations gelled immediately at the nasal mucosal pH and showed longer contact time. Addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in both chitosan and pectin based gelling systems increased the viscosity and gel strength. All the formulated gels exhibited pseudoplastic rheology and diffusion-controlled drug release. The results from stability studies revealed that the prepared thermogels showed marginal decrease in viscosity but at the same time, no significant difference in drug content, and in vitro release characteristics were observed before and after accelerated studies. The developed gelling systems produced only mild to negligible irritant effect to nasal mucosae as compared to control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Sankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chelladurai
authors.forename: Madhusmita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Brahmeshwar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000269:Adhesives; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D048271:Chitosan; D004355:Drug Stability; D005782:Gels; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D010368:Pectins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012212:Rheology; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D010368:Pectins; D048271:Chitosan