title: Development of an injectable composite as a carrier for growth factor-enhanced periodontal regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biomaterials are often applied in periodontal therapy; however, not always well adapted for tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable, in situ setting composite for growth factor-enhanced periodontal regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composite constitutes bioresorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and additives forming in situ a matrix designed as a carrier for recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5). In vitro characterization included the porosity, biointeraction, biodegradation, injectability, and biological activity of released rhGDF-5. Biocompatibility was compared with granular beta-tricalcium phosphate and an absorbable collagen sponge using a canine periodontal defect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PLGA composite showed a highly porous (500-1000 mum) space-providing structure. It effectively induced coagulation exhibiting an intimate interaction with the fibrin clot. The biphasic biodegradation was complete within 4 weeks. The composite was conveniently injectable (90.4+/-3.6 N) for ease of use. It exhibited a sustained rhGDF-5 release over 4 weeks (40.8%) after initial burst (3.4%) detected by ALP activity. Sites receiving the composite showed limited, if any, residuals and had no appreciable negative effect on periodontal wound healing. There were no noteworthy inflammatory lesions in sites receiving the PLGA composite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characteristics of the PLGA composite makes it an attractive matrix to support native wound healing and rhGDF-5-enhanced periodontal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Scil Technology GmbH, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herberg
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siedler
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pippig
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dony
authors.forename: Chong-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid