Heterogeneity of embryonic and adult stem cells.
New studies suggest that stem cells of embryonic, neural, and hematopoietic origin are heterogeneous, with cells moving between two or more metastable states. These cell states show a bias in their differentiation potential and correlate with specific patterns of transcription factor expression and chromatin modifications.
Graf
Thomas
T
Center for Genomic Regulation, ICREA and Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. thomas.graf@crg.es
Stadtfeld
Matthias
M
D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C466105:DPPA3 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D011506:Proteins