title: Feasibility and initial experience of assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and semi-automatic border detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) has been introduced as a measure of mechanical dyssynchrony using three-dimensional echocardiography to select patients who may benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, three-dimensional echocardiography may be inadequate in a number of patients with suboptimal acoustic window and no single echocardiographic measure of dyssynchrony has proven to be of value in selecting patients for CRT. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the assessment of the SDI in patients with reduced LV function as well as in healthy controls using semi-automatic border tracking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated a total of 45 patients including 35 patients (65 +/- 8 years) with reduced LV function (EF 30 +/- 11%) and a wide QRS complex as well as 10 control subjects (42 +/- 21 years, EF 70 +/- 11%). For cine imaging a standard SSFP imaging sequence was used with a temporal resolution of 40 frames per RR-interval. Quantitative analysis was performed off-line using a software prototype for semi-automatic border detection. Global volumes, ejection fraction and the SDI were calculated in each subject. SDI was compared with standard echocardiographic parameters of dyssynchrony.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SDI differed significantly between patients (14 +/- 5%) and controls (5 +/- 2%, p < 0.001). An exponential correlation between the EF and the SDI was observed (r = -0.84; p < 0.001). In addition, a significant association between the SDI and the standard deviation of time to peak systolic motion of 12 LV segments (Ts-SD) determined by echocardiography was observed (r = 0.66, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary study suggest that CMR with semi-automatic border detection may be useful for the assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with reduced LV function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. rkoos@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koos
authors.forename: Mirja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neizel
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schummers
authors.forename: Gabriele A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Krombach
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanzel
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelm
authors.forename: Harald P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kühl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult