title: Glia are essential for sensory organ function in C. elegans.
abstract: Sensory organs are composed of neurons, which convert environmental stimuli to electrical signals, and glia-like cells, whose functions are not well understood. To decipher glial roles in sensory organs, we ablated the sheath glial cell of the major sensory organ of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that glia-ablated animals exhibit profound sensory deficits and that glia provide activities that affect neuronal morphology, behavior generation, and neuronal uptake of lipophilic dyes. To understand the molecular bases of these activities, we identified 298 genes whose messenger RNAs are glia-enriched. One gene, fig-1, encodes a labile protein with conserved thrombospondin TSP1 domains. FIG-1 protein functions extracellularly, is essential for neuronal dye uptake, and also affects behavior. Our results suggest that glia are required for multiple aspects of sensory organ function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Taulant
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bacaj
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tevlin
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002923:Cilia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012679:Sense Organs / Q000502:physiology; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013696:Temperature; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002232:Carbocyanines; C533058:FIG-1 protein, C elegans; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019699:Thrombospondins; C024286:3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002118:Calcium