title: Four new species of Emericella from the Mediterranean region of Europe.
abstract: Four new species of Emericella, E. discophora, E. filifera, E. olivicola and E. stella-maris, are proposed. Their new taxonomic status was determined applying a polyphasic taxonomic approach using phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (sequences of ITS, beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes) characters. Ascospores of E. stella-maris and E. olivicola have star-shape equatorial crests, those of E. filifera form long appendages that emerge radially from narrow stellate crests and those of E. discophora produce wide and entire, nonstellate equatorial crests. E. stella-maris originated from leaf litter in Tunisia and E. filifera from raisins in Argentina, and both of them also were found in hypersaline water of a saltern in Slovenia. E. olivicola was isolated from olives in Italy and E. discophora from soil in Spain. All listed species possess distinct extrolite profiles: E. stella-maris produced arugosin E, shamixanthone and the yet unelucidated metabolites glia 1-3; E. filifera produced shamixanthone and varitriols; E. discophora produced sterigmatocystin and versicolorins; E. olivicola produced numerous extrolites such as arugosin E, siderin, shamixanthone, sterigmatocystin, terrein, varitriols and aflatoxin B1, of which the latter was detected only in one of the two strains.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology Department, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Polona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zalar
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisvad
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gunde-Cimerman
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D032842:Emericella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins