title: Distinct autoantibodies against exocrine pancreatic antigens in European patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histopathological analysis has demonstrated lymphocytic infiltration in both the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas in some patients with type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism which affects both diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The examination of exocrine pancreatic humoral markers in Caucasian patients with respect to the interactions between exocrine and endocrine pancreatic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-six European Caucasian subjects subdivided into three groups: type 1 diabetes (n=48); non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (n=48); controls (n=40).
  
  
  METHODS
  Autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase II (CAIIAb) and lactoferrin (LACAb) (both of which are exocrine pancreatic antigens) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No positivity for CAIIAb and LACAb were found in the controls. Patients with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of CAIIAb (25.0%) than the controls while the prevalence of LACAb (8.3%) was not significantly higher than the controls. The prevalence of CAIIAb (12.5%) and LACAb (20.8%) in the patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis was significantly higher than that in the controls. A significantly higher prevalence of CAIIAb and/or LACAb was found in patients with type 1 diabetes (29.2%) and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (22.9%) compared to that in the controls (0%). There was a significant association between CAIIAb and LACAb titers both in patients with type 1 diabetes (P=0.042) and in patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have clearly demonstrated that some European Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis have autoantibodies against the exocrine pancreatic antigens CAIIAb and LACAb.
authors.affiliation: Third Medical Department, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bröckling
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Hans U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kloer
authors.forename: Reinhard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bretzel
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000276:immunology*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; C024211:islet cell antibody; D007781:Lactoferrin; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II