title: Solid phase extraction and HPLC determination of veterinary pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
abstract: This work focuses on the application of SPE-HPLC analysis of important veterinary pharmaceuticals from different classes in highly complex wastewater matrix. The pharmaceutical investigated included three sulfonamides (sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine and sulfaguanidine), a sulfonamide synergist (trimethoprim), a tetracycline (oxytetracycline), a fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacine) and a beta-lactame (penicillin G/procaine). The method involves pre-concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB extraction catridges. Final analysis of the selected pharmaceutical compounds was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD). Recoveries were ranged from 68.3 to 97.9% with relative standard deviation below 8.4%. Only for sulfaguanidine low recovery was obtained. Limits of quantification were in the range 1.5-100mug/L depending on pharmaceutical. The described method was applied to the determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples from pharmaceutical industry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babić
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asperger
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutavdzić
authors.forename: Alka J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kastelan-Macan