title: Drug interaction potential of 2-((3,4-dichlorophenethyl)(propyl)amino)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethanol (LK-935), the novel nonstatin-type cholesterol-lowering agent.
abstract: The widely prescribed lipid-lowering statins are considered to be relatively safe drugs. However, the risk of severe myopathy and drug interactions as a consequence of statin therapy provides a challenge for development of novel cholesterol-lowering agents, targeting enzymes other than HMG-CoA reductase. The novel pyridylethanol-(phenylethyl)amine derivative, (2-((3,4-dichlorophenethyl)(propyl)-amino)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethanol (LK-935), blocking lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase, was demonstrated to efficiently reduce cholesterol biosynthesis. The drug interaction potential of LK-935 was investigated and compared with that of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in primary human hepatocytes. Clear evidence was provided for the induction of CYP3A4 by LK-935. LK-935 was proved to be a potent human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) activator as a prerequisite for the transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 gene; however, the rapid metabolism of LK-935 in primary hepatocytes prevented maximal CYP3A4 induction. Therefore, the induction of CYP3A4 by LK-935 may be prone to mild or negligible drug interactions. However, because CYP3A4 and also CYP2C9 play a significant role in LK-935 metabolism, the inhibition of these cytochromes P450 by coadministered drugs may lead to some increase in the LK-935 concentration required for the potent induction of CYP3A4. Rosuvastatin was found to increase human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR)-mediated transcription of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2B6 genes, predicting the consequent potential for drug interactions with several coadministered drugs. Activation of hCAR and hPXR by atorvastatin and the subsequent induction of not only CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 but also of CYP2C9 present an additional target by which atorvastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, can modify the kinetics of numerous drugs.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. monostor@chemres.hu
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monostory
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pascussi
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Manna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temesvári
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhalmy
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acimovic
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kocjan
authors.forename: Drago
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuzman
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilzewski
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kóbori
authors.forename: Damjana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rozman
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human