title: Stay@Work: Participatory Ergonomics to prevent low back and neck pain among workers: design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are a major public health problem with considerable costs for individuals, companies and society. Therefore, prevention is imperative. The Stay@Work study investigates the (cost-)effectiveness of Participatory Ergonomics (PE) to prevent LBP and NP among workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised controlled trial (RCT), a total of 5,759 workers working at 36 departments of four companies is expected to participate in the study at baseline. The departments consisting of about 150 workers are pre-stratified and randomised. The control departments receive usual practice and the intervention departments receive PE. Within each intervention department a working group is formed including eight workers, a representative of the management, and an occupational health and safety coordinator. During a one day meeting, the working group follows the steps of PE in which the most important risk factors for LBP and NP, and the most adequate ergonomic measures are identified on the basis of group consensus. The implementation of ergonomic measures at the department is performed by the working group. To improve the implementation process, so-called 'ergocoaches' are trained. The primary outcome measure is an episode of LBP and NP. Secondary outcome measures are actual use of ergonomic measures, physical workload, psychosocial workload, intensity of pain, general health status, sick leave, and work productivity. The cost-effectiveness analysis is performed from the societal and company perspective. Outcome measures are assessed using questionnaires at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Data on the primary outcome as well as on intensity of pain, sick leave, work productivity, and health care costs are collected every 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of LBP and NP is beneficial for workers, employers, and society. If the intervention is proven (cost-)effective, the intervention can have a major impact on LBP and NP prevention and, thereby, on work disability prevention. Results are expected in 2010.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN27472278.
authors.affiliation: Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.driessen@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Maurice T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anema
authors.forename: Karin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Proper
authors.forename: Paulien M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Allard J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004526:Efficiency; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009426:Netherlands; D016272:Occupational Health; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018582:Sick Leave; D016526:Workload