Immunogenic oxidized low-density lipoprotein/beta2-glycoprotein I complexes in the diagnostic management of atherosclerosis.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes atherosclerosis through a complex interaction of inflammatory and immunologic factors that lead to macrophage lipid uptake and foam cell formation. OxLDL interacts with beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) forming oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes. These complexes may be formed in the arterial intima during atherogenesis and released into the circulation. Autoantibodies against oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome, and shown to be significantly associated with arterial thrombosis. The observation that monoclonal autoantibodies against oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes significantly increased the oxLDL uptake by macrophages strongly suggests that such IgG autoantibodies are pro-atherogenic. In this article, we review the recent progress in our understanding of LDL oxidation, oxLDL/beta2GPI complex formation, and immune regulation of atherogenesis.
Lopez
Luis R
LR
Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, CO 80020, USA. llopez@corgenix.com
Kobayashi
Kazuko
K
Matsunami
Yukana
Y
Matsuura
Eiji
E
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D005487:Foam Cells; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein