title: Comparative osteogenesis of maxilla and iliac crest human bone marrow stromal cells attached to oxidized titanium: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe alveolar bone loss affects dental implant placement. Bone augmentation by grafting iliac crest bone rich in osteoprogenitor cells such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) requires a second surgical procedure in non-orofacial bone. Skeletal site-specific osteogenesis indicates maxilla and mandible BMSCs are highly proliferative and exhibit osteogenic properties superior to iliac crest BMSCs. Alveolar bone can be easily obtained during routine dental surgery, but it is unclear if titanium-attached alveolar BMSCs will retain their superior osteogenic properties. This study evaluated and compared in vitro osteogenic properties of titanium-attached maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs in same individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary culture of maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs from four normal healthy volunteers was expanded in culture. In 24-well plates, first passage BMSCs were seeded directly (1 x 10(4) cells/well) on oxidized titanium disks (1.27 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness) or tissue culture plate. Each cell type was assessed for affinity for titanium, post-attachment survival and osteogenic differentiation based on alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin expressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the affinity of maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs to titanium. However, titanium-attached maxilla BMSCs were apparently more osteogenically responsive than iliac crest cells based on calcium accumulation and gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. But these differences were not statistically significant in this small patient sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs have similar attachment affinity for titanium. This pilot study indicates that titanium-attached maxilla BMSCs are more osteogenically responsive and may be a viable and more readily available donor graft material in implant dentistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. akintoye@dental.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Sunday O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Akintoye
authors.forename: Parascevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giavis
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefanik
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Francis K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Mante
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003722:Dental Alloys; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000166:cytology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D053495:Osteopontin; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase