title: Risk of birth defects increased in pregnancies conceived by assisted human reproduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of birth defects in infants born after assisted human reproduction (AHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Niday Perinatal Database for the province of Ontario, 82 sites, both primary and tertiary centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2005, information about reproductive assistance was reported for 61,569 deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of birth defects diagnosed in the prenatal period or at birth was estimated for all types of AHR together and then by type of procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The excess risks of birth defects by AHR were calculated by unconditional logistic regressions using spontaneously conceived pregnancies as the reference and were expressed by odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals and adjusted for maternal age, smoking, infant gender, gestation, and parity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of birth defects with AHR procedures was 2.91%, which was 1.55-fold higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.38) than in the non-AHR population (1.86%). Specific anomalies that increased with AHR were gastrointestinal (odds ratio [OR], 9.85; 95% CI, 3.44-28.44), cardiovascular (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.11-4.77), and musculoskeletal defects (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.48-4.94). The risks of birth defects by types of AHR were 2.35% for ovulation induction, 2.89% for IUI, and 3.45% for IVF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant increased risk of birth defects associated with AHR, and the risk is higher in IVF and IUI. The potential risk of anomalies associated with AHR may be considered in the counseling that is offered to infertile couples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Neonatal Care, Ottawa Health Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Darine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El-Chaar
authors.forename: Qiuying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bottomley
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: Shi Wu
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult