title: The effect of a water exercise program on bone density of postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a seven months program of water exercise, on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five postmenopausal women trained for seven months for three one-hour sessions per week. DEXA test findings for vertebrae L2-L4 showed that although the time factor had a significant effect only on the bone mineral content (BMC), (4.61 P < 0.05), the interaction of time group was found to be significant for each of the variables: BMD (9.25 P < 0.01), BMC (7.99 P < 0.01), z-score (5.35 P < 0.05) and t-score (9.41 P < 0.01).
  
  
  RESULTS
  These interactions indicate a general trend towards maintenance or improvement of bone status in the experimental group and a trend towards declining bone status for the control group. DEXA test findings for femoral neck density indicated no significant differences between the groups pre and post treatment. However a significant interaction was found for BMC (8.08 P < 0.01) in the right leg indicating an increase trend in BMC in the experimental group and a trend towards decrease for the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that it is possible to plan and execute a water exercise program that has a positive effect on bone status of post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Zinman College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. rotstein@wincol.ac.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harush
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vaisman
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000502:physiology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017698:Postmenopause; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014867:Water; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014867:Water