title: Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt.
abstract: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This review describes the burden of disease and pneumococcal serotypes/serogroups causing disease in children in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt identified from a literature search from 1990 to 2007. The incidence of IPD in children aged <or=5 years ranged from 3.4 to 53.5 per 100000. Bacteraemia cases were responsible for 61-100% (children <2 years) of total IPD. Pneumococcal meningitis cases ranged from 3% to 25% (<2 years) and from 7% to 30% (<or=5 years). The most common IPD serotypes/serogroups were 14, 23F, 6B, 19F and 6A (<or=5 years). Circulating serotypes/serogroups causing IPD potentially covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) ranged from 49% to 83% (<2 years) and from 61% to 69% (<or=5 years). Penicillin resistance among invasive isolates ranged from 0% to 78%. Case fatality and morbidity rates for pneumococcal meningitis were 0-22% and 10-62%, respectively. Incidence and morbidity data for meningitis and bacteraemia demonstrate a substantial vaccine-preventable burden of IPD in young children. Standardisation of definitions and development of improved regional surveillance/reporting would enable the region to measure better the impact of prevention strategies for IPD, such as infant-based immunisation programmes.
authors.affiliation: King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. amshibl@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibl
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Memish
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines