title: Roman arch, keystone fixation for facial bipartition with monobloc distraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with craniofacial dysostosis may require correction for hypertelorbitism and midface hypoplasia. Traditionally, these procedures were sequential or staged, and used acute advancement with bone grafting and rigid fixation. The authors reviewed a series of combined, one-stage facial bipartition and monobloc distraction procedures using internal devices. They describe the Roman arch, keystone fixation modification to maximize the stability of the bipartition segments and support the vertical load of the distraction forces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed at the University of California, Los Angeles as having craniofacial dysostosis with hypertelorbitism and midface hypoplasia who underwent the Roman arch, keystone fixation procedure were included in the study (n = 13). Reduction of interdacryon and intercanthal distances and the lateral cephalometric horizontal change of the forehead, midface, and maxilla were studied postoperatively and at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no serious complications (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, frontal bone loss); there was a 10 percent rate of total complications (wound infection). Facial bipartition successfully narrowed the interdacryon distance by a mean of 55 percent (21 mm), with only a 3-mm relapse. The mean distraction advancement/relapse was as follows: forehead, +16 mm/-2 mm; midface, 14 mm/-1 mm; and maxilla, 13 mm/-1 mm. Only one of 13 patients required a repeated monobloc procedure. Of the seven patients who reached skeletal maturity, 86 percent underwent a subsequent Le Fort I and/or III procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Roman arch, keystone fixation modification of a combined facial bipartition with monobloc distraction using internal devices provided a stable construct for advancement, with minimal relapse.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles, Calif. From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Cassio E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jarrahy
authors.forename: Hurig V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Katchikian
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009017:Morbidity; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology