title: Exposure to mutagenic aldehydes and particulate matter during panfrying of beefsteak with margarine, rapeseed oil, olive oil or soybean oil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to see if a cook could be exposed to mutagenic aldehydes in fumes from frying of beefsteak using margarine, rapeseed oil, soybean oil or virgin olive oil as frying fat. In addition, levels of particle exposure were measured to make the results comparable to other studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of higher aldehydes and total particles were measured in the breathing zone of the cook during the panfrying of beefsteak with the four different frying fats. In addition, the number of particles in the size intervals 0.3-0.5, 0.5-0.7 and 0.7-1.0 microm in the kitchen was registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured levels of mutagenic aldehydes were between non-detectable and 25.33 microg m(-3) air. The exposure level of total aerosol was between 1.0 and 11.6 mg m(-3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher aldehydes were detected in all samples from this study, and mutagenic aldehydes were detected in most of the samples. Frying with margarine gave statistically significantly higher levels of mutagenic aldehydes and particles in all three size fractions than frying with the three different kinds of oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. ann.kristin.sjaastad@ntnu.no
authors.forename: Ann Kristin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sjaastad
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svendsen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003296:Cooking; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D016014:Linear Models; D008383:Margarine; D008460:Meat; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000447:Aldehydes; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D009153:Mutagens; D000069463:Olive Oil; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008383:Margarine