title: Effect of intrathecal baclofen concentration on spasticity control: case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) has been shown to be an effective treatment for severe spasticity of spinal or cerebral origin. Although most patients respond well to an ITB trial, there are often difficulties in achieving and/or maintaining such effectiveness with ITB pump treatment. There are few published guidelines for dosing efficacy and no studies looking at the effect of concentration of ITB on spasticity management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of 3 adults with severe spasticity treated with ITB pump: a 44-year-old man with C7 tetraplegia using a 40-mL Medtronic SynchroMed II pump with 500-microg/mL concentration; a 35-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury with right spastic hemiplegia using a 18-mL Medtronic SynchroMed EL pump with 2,000-microg/mL concentration; and a 43-year-old woman with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy using a 40-mL Medtronic SynchroMed II pump with 2,000-microg/mL concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After reducing ITB concentrations in the pump, either as part of a standard protocol for dye study to assess the integrity of pump and catheter system or secondary to plateau in therapeutic efficacy, patients experienced temporary, significant reduction in spasticity based on range of motion, Modified Ashworth scores, and verbal feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreasing the concentration of ITB seems to affect spasticity control. Further research in this area is needed for those patients with refractory spasticity to optimize efficacy of ITB therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saval
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Chiodo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D001418:Baclofen