title: Balancing rigour and relevance in guideline development for depression: the case for comprehensive cohort studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical guidelines for the treatment of depression have not yet realized their potential for improving the delivery of the psychological therapies within national healthcare systems. Current guidelines emphasize treatment efficacy and issues in service delivery are relatively neglected. Hence, there is a hierarchy of evidence in which randomized efficacy trials are given primacy over naturalistic (i.e. practice-based) data. Such a strategy is inadequate to address important questions about best delivery of safe and acceptable psychological therapies and exacerbates divisions between research and practice communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected narrative review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both randomized controlled trials and practice-based studies have shortcomings that can be ameliorated by the adoption of practical clinical trials embedded within large cohort studies - that is, comprehensive cohort studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive cohort studies have the potential to deliver an evidence base which is both rigorous and relevant. This could satisfy the scientific community as well as allowing practitioners and service users to be fully involved and committed to the process of collecting evidence and implementing guidance. We argue this would be a sound foundation upon which to build an evidence base upon which to develop future clinical guidelines for depression.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychological Services Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. m.barkham@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barkham
authors.forename: Glenys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parry
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents