title: Effects of relapse forces on periodontal status of mandibular incisors following orthognathic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this case-control study, the relationship between the relapse forces and periodontal changes in the mandibular incisor region were investigated following orthognathic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mucogingival and alveolar changes in 36 subjects with mandibular prognathism were analyzed by clinical and roentgenographic methods just before mandibular setback surgery and 7.4 months postoperatively. The results were compared to two control groups: 36 subjects with no orthodontic history and 33 orthodontic patients. The mean age of the 105 subjects was 20.21 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intergroup comparisons showed significant differences in all parameters, except for the plaque index and alveolar height measurements. By an incisor proclination of 3.3 mm and a tipping of +8.5 degrees (postoperative relapse: 0.8 mm and 0.14 degrees ), the surgery group revealed significant changes in single parameters of both alveolar height and sulcus depth measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to both control groups, the preoperative periodontal condition of the surgery patients was less acceptable than in the orthodontically treated patients, whereas subjects without braces presented the most ideal hygienic conditions. In the short term, the decompensation process prior to mandibular setback surgery did not affect periodontal structures significantly, and the current study did not find any negative effects of early postoperative relapse forces on the mandibular incisor area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ari-Demirkaya
authors.forename: Isil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilhan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D009811:Odontometry; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult