title: Improving outpatient care of depression by implementing practice guidelines: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depressive disorders are of great medical and political significance. Although evidence-based guidelines have been published and educational initiatives have been launched to implement them, they are rarely actually used. The aim of the study was to implement clinical practice guidelines for outpatient care of depression using a practice-oriented and interdisciplinary approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical trial with a naturalistic design (data collection within routine practice) designed as a prospective pre-post study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient care.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 general practitioners (intervention: 18; control: 11) and 15 psychiatrists (intervention: 11; control: 4). Overall, the treatment of 698 patients (two samples: pre: 361; post: 337) was documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  s) Multifaceted intervention combining benchmarking, continuous medical education and interdisciplinary quality circles for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-effects regression models for cluster-adjusted analysis of patients' symptom reduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although physicians in the intervention group improved their clinical effectiveness (proportion of patients with response/remission) to a greater extent than physicians in the control group (intervention: 48.6% to 66.9%; control: 54.9% to 61.5%), cluster-adjusted analysis failed to prove a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no statistically significant improvements were found regarding the outcomes, the action programme provides important work, materials and results for an integrated treatment model for depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. isaac.bermejo@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kriston
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaebel
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hegerl
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010821:Physicians, Family; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011570:Psychiatry; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care