title: Effects of oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork cells are reduced by prostaglandin analogues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucomatous eyes is characterized by cell loss, increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and cellular senescence. One factor increasingly discussed in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress is able to trigger these typical glaucomatous changes in vitro and whether these oxidative stress-induced TM changes can be reduced by the application of prostaglandin analogues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured human TM cells were exposed to 200 to 800 microM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 1 hour. Cell loss was detected by cell-viability assay. Levels of fibronectin and MMP-2 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR analysis. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity was investigated by histochemical staining. The effects of prostaglandin analogues and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) on these glaucoma typical TM changes were investigated by preincubation of nonstressed or H(2)O(2)-treated cells with 1:100 diluted commercial solutions of bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost or their corresponding BAC concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H(2)O(2) induced cell death and fibronectin mRNA expression, but decreased the amount of MMP-2 mRNA. H(2)O(2) increased SA-beta-Gal activity. Additional pretreatment with BAC further increased the typical glaucomatous TM changes in vitro. These effects were reduced by preincubation with prostaglandin analogues in H(2)O(2)-treated and, to a lesser extent, in nonstressed cells. No reduction occurred in the presence of prostaglandin F receptor antagonists in H(2)O(2)-treated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress is able to induce characteristic glaucomatous TM changes in vitro, and these oxidative stress-induced TM changes can be minimized by the use of prostaglandin analogues. Thus, prevention of oxidative stress exposure to the TM may help to reduce the progression of POAG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alice L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fuchshofer
authors.forename: Anselm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Welge-Lüssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D002102:Cadaver; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069557:Travoprost
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005353:Fibronectins; D016877:Oxidants; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003008:Cloprostenol; D000077338:Latanoprost; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D000069557:Travoprost