title: PXR pharmacogenetics: association of haplotypes with hepatic CYP3A4 and ABCB1 messenger RNA expression and doxorubicin clearance in Asian breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize pregnane X receptor (PXR) polymorphic variants in healthy Asian populations [Chinese, Malay and Indian (n=100 each)], and to investigate the association between PXR haplotypes and hepatic mRNA expression of PXR and its downstream target genes, CYP3A4 and ABCB1, as well as their influence on the clearance of doxorubicin in Asian breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  PXR genotyping was done by direct DNA sequencing, and PXR haplotypes and haplotype clusters were derived by expectation-maximization algorithm. Genotype-phenotype correlations were done using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant interethnic variations were observed in PXR pharmacogenetics among the three Asian ethnic groups. The expression of PXR mRNA in liver tissues harboring the PXR*1B haplotype clusters was 4-fold lower compared with the non-PXR*1B (*1A + *1C) haplotype clusters [PXR*1B versus PXR*1A; P=0.015; PXR*1B versus PXR*1C; P=0.023]. PXR*1B-bearing liver tissues were associated with significantly lower expression of CYP3A4 (PXR*1B versus non-PXR*1B, P=0.030) and ABCB1 (PXR*1B versus non-PXR*1B, P=0.060) compared with non-PXR*1B-bearing liver tissues. Doxorubicin clearance in breast cancer patients harboring the PXR*1B haplotypes was significantly lower compared with patients carrying the non-PXR*1B haplotypes [PXR*1B versus non-PXR*1B, CL/BSA (L h(-1) m(-2)): 20.84 (range, 8.68-29.24) versus 24.85 (range, 13.80-55.66), P=0.022].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that PXR*1B was associated with reduced hepatic mRNA expression of PXR and its downstream targets, CYP3A4 and ABCB1. Genotype-phenotype correlates in breast cancer patients showed PXR*1B to be significantly associated with lower doxorubicin clearance, suggesting that PXR haplotype constitution could be important in influencing interindividual and interethnic variations in disposition of its putative drug substrates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandanaraj
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Viknesvaran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Selvarajan
authors.forename: London Lucien
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Zee Wan
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Nan Soon
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Peter Cher Siang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Edmund J D
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Balram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chowbay
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D004317:Doxorubicin; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human