title: Durations of immature stage development period of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) under laboratory conditions: implications for forensic entomology.
abstract: Some microhymenopterans are parasitoids of flies of forensic importance. Their parasitic habit can alter the duration of post-embryonic development of these flies, altering the postmortem interval. In order to analyze possible alterations occurring during the immature development period of Nasonia vitripennis, this study tested different quantitative associations between female parasitoids and pupae of Chrysomya megacephala, which were defined by: (a) one pupa was exposed to different numbers of female parasitoids (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:11) and (b) different numbers of pupae were exposed to one female parasitoid (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1). Analysis of variance (5% significance level) and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests were used for statistical analysis. There was a tendency of prolongation of the duration of parasitoid development, both by increasing the number of female parasitoids and by increasing the number of hosts in the associations. By increasing the number of female parasitoids per host, there is a possibility of increasing the occurrence of superparasitism, leading to competition for food source, then prolonging the duration of the immature development period. Increasing the number of hosts in the associations, females may distribute their postures among the available pupae and can cause reduction of the number of eggs per host. Since these insects are gregarious, the reduction of the number of eggs may delay the offspring development.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. rsmello@ioc.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Renata da Silva
authors.initials: Rda S
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Valéria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Aguiar-Coelho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000469:parasitology; D004772:Entomology / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development