title: Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D MP-RAGE) imaging is superior to spin-echo imaging in delineating brain metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Precisely defining the number and location of brain metastases is very important for establishing a treatment strategy for malignancies. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now considered the best modality, various improvements in sequences are still being made.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare the diagnostic ability of three-dimensional, magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D MP-RAGE) imaging in detecting metastatic brain tumors, with that of two-dimensional spin-echo (2D SE) T1-weighted imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 123 examinations were included in this study, and 119 examinations from 88 patients with known malignancies were analyzed. All patients underwent T1- and T2-weighted 2D SE transverse imaging, followed by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted transverse and coronal 2D SE imaging and 3D MP-RAGE transverse imaging. Four radiologists interpreted the images to compare the accuracy and the time required for interpretation for each imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D MP-RAGE imaging was significantly better than 2D SE imaging for detecting metastatic brain lesions, regardless of the readers' experience. The sensitivities of the 3D MP-RAGE and 2D SE imaging for all observers were 0.81 vs. 0.80 (P>0.05), specificities were 0.93 vs. 0.87 (P<0.05), positive predictive values were 0.92 vs. 0.86 (P<0.05), negative predictive values were 0.78 vs. 0.75 (P>0.05), and accuracies were 0.84 vs. 0.78 (P<0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the time required for image interpretation between the two modalities (15.6+/-4.0 vs. 15.4+/-4.1 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D MP-RAGE imaging proved superior to 2D SE imaging in the detection of brain metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kunieda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemasa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA