title: Determination of lead by on-line solid phase extraction using a PTFE micro-column and flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A rapid and sensitive time-based flow injection (FI) method for on-line preconcentration and determination of lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) turnings as packing material in a micro-column, has been developed. The sample was mixed on-line with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and the non-charged Pb(II)-PDC complex was absorbed quantitatively on the hydrophobic PTFE material, at a pH range 1.4-3.2. The preconcentrated complex was effectively eluted with isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) and introduced into the nebulizer-burner system. A nested coil (NC) is proposed for parking the eluate temporarily, in order to enable different elution and nebulization flow rates. With 180 s preconcentration time the sample frequency was 15 h(-1), and the enhancement factor was 330 at 13.0 ml min(-1) sample flow rate. The detection limit was c(L)=0.8 mug l(-1), the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) 2.6% at the 30 mug l(-1) level and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 1.6-100 mug l(-1). The proposed method was evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials of water, sediments and fish tissue. Finally, it was applied successfully to the analysis of various environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zachariadis
authors.forename: Aristidis N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Anthemidis
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bettas
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stratis