title: Periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is common among Arab populations in Mediterranean countries. This study was conducted to assess the distribution of periodontal parameters among patients with MeS and subjects without MeS in northern Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A list of all subjects aged > or =25 years who participated in a previous study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of MeS in northern Jordan was obtained. A simple random sample of 78 patients who had MeS and another simple random sample of 78 persons who did not have MeS were selected and invited for dental examination. The oral hygiene of six selected teeth and the periodontal status of all teeth, excluding third molars, were assessed using the plaque index of Silness and Löe, the gingival index of Löe and Silness, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Data were analyzed using the general linear model multivariate procedure with average PD, average CAL, percentage of sites with CAL > or =3 mm, and percentage of sites with PD > or =3 mm as outcome variables and MeS and its individual components as predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate analysis, the severity of periodontal disease, as measured by average PD and average CAL, and the extent of periodontal disease, as measured by the percentage of sites with CAL > or =3 mm and the percentage of sites with PD > or =3 mm, were significantly greater among patients with MeS compared to those without MeS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with MeS displayed more severe and extensive periodontal disease compared to subjects without MeS. Additional large-scale longitudinal epidemiologic and interventional studies are needed to establish whether periodontal disease is a contributing factor to or a result of MeS.
authors.affiliation: Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. yousef.k@excite.com
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khader
authors.forename: Basheer
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khassawneh
authors.forename: Basel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Obeidat
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El-Salem
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bawadi
authors.forename: Nemeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-akour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index