title: Determination of aluminum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy in lubricating oils emulsified in a sequential injection analysis system.
abstract: The sequential injection (SIA) technique was applied for the on-line preparation of an "oil in water" microemulsion and for the determination of aluminum in new and used lubricating oils by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. Respectively, 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0ml of surfactants mixture, sample and co-surfactant (sec-butanol) solutions were sequentially aspirated to a holding coil. The sonication and repetitive change of the flowing direction improved the stability of the different emulsion types (oil in water, water in oil and microemulsion). The emulsified zone was pumped to fill the sampling arm of the spectrometer with a sub-sample of 200mul. Then, 10mul of this sample solution were introduced by means of air displacement in the graphite tube atomizer. This sequence was timed to synchronize with the previous introduction of 15mug of Mg(NO(3))(2) (in a 10mul) by the spectrometer autosampler. The entire SIA system was controlled by a computer, independent of the spectrometer. The furnace program was carried out by employing a heating cycle in four steps: drying (two steps at 110 and 130 degrees C), pyrolisis (at 1500 degrees C), atomization (at 2400 degrees C) and cleaning (at 2400 degrees C). The calibration graph was linear from 7.7 to 120mugAll(-1). The characteristic mass (mo) was 33.2pg/0.0044s and the detection limit was 2.3mugAll(-1). The relative standard (RSD) of the method, evaluated by replicate analyses of different lubricating oil samples varied in all cases between 1.5 and 1.7%, and the recovery values found in the analysis of spiked samples ranged from 97.2 to 100.4%. The agreement between the observed and reference values obtained from two NIST Standard Certified Materials was good. The method was simple and satisfactory for determining aluminum in new and used lubricating oils.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Los Andes University, P.O. Box 542, Mérida 5101-A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burguera
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burguera
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Antón
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salager
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arandia
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rondón
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: Yaneira Petit
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: de Peña
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunetto
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallignani