title: Antiviral activity of the Indian medicinal plant extract Swertia chirata against herpes simplex viruses: a study by in-vitro and molecular approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antiviral activity of Indian Medicinal plant extract Swertia chirata was tested against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1, using multiple approaches both at cellular and molecular level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity, plaque reduction, virus infectivity, antigen expression and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were conducted to test the antiviral activity of the plant extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Swertia plant crude extract (1 gm/mL) at 1:64 dilution inhibited HSV-1, plaque formation at more than 70% level. HSV antigen expression and time kinetics experiments conducted by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test, revealed a characteristic pattern of small foci of single fluorescent cells in Swertia extract treated HSV-1 infected cells at 4 hours post infection dose, suggested drug inhibited viral dissemination. Infected cell cultures treated with Swertia extract at various time intervals, tested by PCR, failed to show amplification at 12, 24-72 hours. HSV-1 infected cells treated with Acyclovir (antiviral drug) did not show any amplification by PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary study, the Indian medicinal plant extract, Swertia chirata showed antiviral properties against Herpes simplex virus type-1.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kolhapure
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalkrishna
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029967:Swertia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000212:Acyclovir