title: Is there an increased frequency of food allergy in children delivered by caesarean section compared to those delivered vaginally?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Allergic diseases are increasing. At the same time an increasing number of children are delivered by caesarean section. These children do not get the same contact with their mother's gut flora as babies delivered vaginally. Theoretically, lack of exposure to maternal vaginal and perineal bacteria might change the gut flora, with secondary changes in the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children delivered by caesarean section were more prone to develop food allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and nine children were included at birth. At 2-year follow-up, 512 children participated, 171 delivered by caesarean section, 341 born vaginally. The children reported to have symptoms consistent with possible food allergy, were examined at the outpatient clinic. The diagnosis was based on the history, skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE, elimination/challenge test and double blind placebo controlled challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five (6.8%) children were diagnosed with adverse reactions to food, 27 with non-IgE-mediated and eight with IgE-mediated allergy. There was no over representation of children born by caesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study there seems to be no increased risk for food allergy in the first 2 years of life in children delivered by caesarean section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oestfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway. bent-kv@online.no
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kvenshagen
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section; D002675:Child, Preschool; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant