title: Antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Virologic failure of HIV-positive patients is of special concern during pregnancy. We compared virologic failure and the frequency of treatment changes in pregnant and non-pregnant women of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data on 372 pregnancies in 324 women we describe antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Pregnant women on HAART at conception (n = 131) were matched to 228 non-pregnant women (interindividual comparison) and to a time period of equal length before and after pregnancy (intraindividual comparison). Women starting HAART during pregnancy (n = 145) were compared with 578 non-pregnant women starting HAART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at conception was 31 years, 16% (n = 50) were infected through injecting drug use and the median CD4 cell count was 489 cells/microl. In the majority of pregnancies (n = 220, 59%), women had started ART before conception. When ART was started during pregnancy (n = 145, 39%), it was mainly during the second trimester (n = 100, 69%). Two thirds (n = 26) of 35 women starting in the third trimester were diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy. The risk of virologic failure tended to be lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women [adjusted odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.25-1.09, P = 0.08)], but was similar in the intraindividual comparison (adjusted odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.48-2.28). Women starting HAART during pregnancy changed the treatment less often than non-pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the physiological changes occurring during pregnancy, HIV infected pregnant women are not at higher risk of virologic failure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Keiser
authors.forename: Angèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gayet-Ageron
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: Martin W G
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brinkhof
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gremlich
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wunder
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drack
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirschel
authors.forename: Begoña Martinez
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Tejada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral