title: Sleep in bipolar patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbance has been described in bipolar disorder (BPD). Specific complaints may include frequent nighttime awakenings, poor quality of sleep, reduction in total sleep time, and nightmares. Most patients with BPD also report insomnia when in depression, but a significant percentage of patients report hypersomnia symptoms with prolonged nighttime sleep, difficulty in wakening, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to investigate whether bipolar patients with sleep disorders presented impairment in quality of life, disability, and global function.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety bipolar patients type-I diagnosed by application of Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID), were distributed in two groups based on absence or presence of sleep disorders. Quality of life, disability, and global dysfunction were evaluated using the Health Organization's Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-Brief), the Sheehan Disability Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep complaints have negative influence on general quality of life, observed by decreased scores in WHOQOL and GAF domains and increased Sheehan scores, indicating the importance of maintenance of normal sleep in bipolar patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that sleep complains impair quality of life and global function. Collectively, further studies are warranted to investigate the impairment of sleep disturbance on others neurotrophic factors and neurochemical pathways.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. larriany@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Larriany M F
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Giglio
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andreazza
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Keila M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ceresér
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sterz
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000097:blood; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000097:blood; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein