title: Validation of biomarkers for the study of environmental carcinogens: a review.
abstract: There is a need for validation of biomarkers. Our aim is to review published work on the validation of selected biomarkers: bulky DNA adducts, N-nitroso compounds, 1-hydroxypyrene, and oxidative damage to DNA. A systematic literature search in PubMed was performed. Information on the variability and reliability of the laboratory tests used for biomarkers measurements was collected. For the evaluation of the evidence on validation we referred to the ACCE criteria. Little is known about intraindividual variation of DNA adduct measurements, but measurements have a good repeatability irrespective of the technique used for their identification; reproducibility improved after the correction for a laboratory factor. A high-sensitivity method is available for the measurement of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. There is consensus on validation of biomarkers of oxidative damage DNA based on the comet assay and chromatographic measurement in blood while urinary measurements by chromatographic assays are well validated, and ELISA-based assays appear to lack specificity. Immunoassays for the quantification of adducts of N-nitroso compounds are useful for large epidemiological studies, given their sensitivity, the small amount of DNA required and their potential for rapid and high-throughput analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Aneire
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schoket
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Györffy
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anna
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.forename: Soterios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyrtopoulos
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matullo
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis*; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D018736:DNA Adducts