title: Annual risk of tuberculosis infection among tribal population of central India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) among tribal children of Madhya Pradesh, central India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based, cross-sectional tuberculin survey among children aged 1-9 years in the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to select a representative random sample of villages predominated by tribal population from selected districts. A total of 4802 children were tuberculin-tested with 1TU of PPD RT 23 and the reaction sizes read after 72 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3062 (64%) children had no BCG scar. The frequency distribution of children by reaction sizes indicated a fair mode at 18 mm in the right hand side of the distribution. By mirror-image technique, the prevalence of infection among children with no recognizable BCG scar was estimated as 6.8% (95% CI: 4.8-8.9%). The ARTI was computed as 1.3% (0.9-1.7%). The corresponding figures for children irrespective of scar status were 7.1% (95% CI: 5.5-8.8%) and 1.3% (1.0-1.7%) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of tuberculosis infection in tribal population of Madhya Pradesh, central India is not different from other areas of the country. There is, however, a need to further intensify tuberculosis control measures on a sustained and long-term basis.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals, Jabalpur, India. drvgrao@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gopi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Anvikar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadacharam
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gadge
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bhondeley
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ukey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wares
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000276:immunology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012423:Rural Health; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine