title: On the origin of sensory impairment and altered pain perception in Prader-Willi syndrome: a neurophysiological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High pain threshold is a supportive diagnosis criterion for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. In this study we investigate sensory pathways in PWS, in order to evaluate peripheral or central involvement in altered sensory perception.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 adult PWS patients, 10 obese non-diabetic people and 10 age-matched controls underwent: (a) motor/sensory nerve conduction velocities at the upper and lower limbs; (b) palmar/plantar sympathetic skin response; (c) somatosensory evoked potentials from upper/lower limbs; (d) quantitative sensory testing to measure sensory threshold for vibration, warm and cold sensation, heat and cold-induced pain and (e) blood sample analysis to evaluate glucose and insulin levels and to calculate the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroneurographic examination, sympathetic skin response and somatosensory evoked potentials were all within normal ranges. In the PWS group, thermal and pain thresholds but not vibratory were significantly higher than in healthy and obese people (p<0.05). Sensory threshold did not correlate with BMI nor with QUICKI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that altered perception in PWS does not seem attributable to a peripheral nerve derangement due to metabolic factors or obesity. Impairment of the small nociceptive neurons of dorsal root ganglia or involvement of hypothalamic region may not be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Oggebbio, Italy. lorenzo.priano@unito.it
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Priano
authors.forename: Giacinta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miscio
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grugni
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baudo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sellitti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Picconi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin