title: Heat-labile enterotoxin promotes Escherichia coli adherence to intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Given recent evidence suggesting that the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) provides a colonization advantage for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in vivo, we hypothesized that LT preconditions the host intestinal epithelium for ETEC adherence. To test this hypothesis, we used an in vitro model of ETEC adherence to examine the role of LT in promoting bacterium-host interactions. We present data demonstrating that elaboration of LT promotes a significant increase in E. coli adherence. This phenotype is primarily dependent on the inherent ADP-ribosylation activity of this toxin, with a secondary role observed for the receptor-binding LT-B subunit. Rp-3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP), an inhibitor of protein kinase A, was sufficient to abrogate LT's ability to promote subsequent bacterial adherence. Increased adherence was not due to changes in the surface expression of the host receptor for the K88ac adhesin. Evidence is also presented for a role for bacterial sensing of host-derived cAMP in promoting adherence to host cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Disease Research and Vaccinology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Amber M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Radhey S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hardwidge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010957:Plasmids; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D021122:Protein Subunits; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli