title: Multifunctional catheters combining intracardiac ultrasound imaging and electrophysiology sensing.
abstract: A family of 3 multifunctional intracardiac imaging and electrophysiology (EP) mapping catheters has been in development to help guide diagnostic and therapeutic intracardiac EP procedures. The catheter tip on the first device includes a 7.5 MHz, 64-element, side-looking phased array for high resolution sector scanning. The second device is a forward-looking catheter with a 24-element 14 MHz phased array. Both of these catheters operate on a commercial imaging system with standard software. Multiple EP mapping sensors were mounted as ring electrodes near the arrays for electrocardiographic synchronization of ultrasound images and used for unique integration with EP mapping technologies. To help establish the catheters' ability for integration with EP interventional procedures, tests were performed in vivo in a porcine animal model to demonstrate both useful intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) visualization and simultaneous 3-D positional information using integrated electroanatomical mapping techniques. The catheters also performed well in high frame rate imaging, color flow imaging, and strain rate imaging of atrial and ventricular structures. The companion paper of this work discusses the catheter design of the side-looking catheter with special attention to acoustic lens design. The third device in development is a 10 MHz forward-looking ring array that is to be mounted at the distal tip of a 9F catheter to permit use of the available catheter lumen for adjunctive therapy tools.
authors.affiliation: Univ. of California, Davis, CA, USA. dnstephens@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cannata
authors.forename: Ruibin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shung
authors.forename: Hien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dentinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wildes
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Thomenius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivkumar
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikoozadeh
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oralkan
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khuri-Yakub
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D018511:Systems Integration; D014159:Transducers; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*