title: Anticalculus effect of a triclosan mouthwash containing phytate: a double-blind, randomized, three-period crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dental calculus occurs as a consequence of supersaturation of saliva with respect to calcium phosphates. This mineralization of dental plaque can be delayed by the presence of crystallization inhibitors, such as pyrophosphate or bisphosphonates. Phytate inhibits brushite and hydroxyapatite crystallization and has the potential to prevent dental calculi formation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of phytate and zinc, administered in a mouthwash solution, to prevent the formation of dental calculus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy dental plaque-forming volunteers (n = 25) took part in a randomized, double-blind, three-period crossover clinical study to assess the efficacy of a phytate-containing mouthwash in relation to control and placebo effects. Subjects rinsed their mouths for 1 min, twice each day, with 20 mL of the test solution, without ingestion. Mouthwash efficacy was assessed through quantification of the amounts of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium present in the residues obtained by dental cleaning, performed by a single trained examiner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A good correlation was found among total calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in calcified dental plaque residues, indicating that any of these variables is adequate for evaluating the reduction of plaque crystallization as calcium phosphate. A statistically significant decrease in total calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was found in the phytate-treatment period compared with control and placebo periods, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed treatment in reducing dental calculus formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high efficacy of phytate in reducing dental calculus formation suggests that this substance may be an effective treatment for preventing the development of calculus deposits.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. fgrases@uib.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perelló
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isern
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-Bauzá
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ferragut
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frontera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003460:Crystallization; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017886:Durapatite / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D010758:Phosphorus; D014260:Triclosan; D010833:Phytic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium