The effect of piracetam on brain damage and serum nitric oxide levels in dogs submitted to hemorrhagic shock.
BACKGROUND
To demonstrate the effect of piracetam on changes in brain tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in dogs submitted to hemorrhagic shock.


METHODS
The subjects were randomized into four subgroups each consisting of 10 dogs. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in Group I for 1 hour and no treatment was given to this group. Blood and saline solutions were administered to Group II following 1 hour hemorrhagic shock. Blood and piracetam were given to Group III following 1 hour shock. No shock was induced and no treatment was applied to Group IV. Blood samples were obtained at the onset of the experiment and at 60, 120 and 180 minutes for nitric oxide analysis. For histopathological examination, brain tissue samples were obtained at the end of the experiment.


RESULTS
The observed improvement in blood pressure and pulse rates in Group III was more than in Group II. Nitric oxide levels were increased in Group I; however, no correlation between piracetam and nitric oxide levels was determined. It was seen that recovery in brain damage in Group III was greater than in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Piracetam, added to the treatment, may ecrease ischemic damage in hemorrhagic shock.
Ozkan
Seda
S
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine Faculty of Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. sedacil@yahoo.com
Ikizceli
Ibrahim
I
Sözüer
Erdoğan Mütevelli
EM
Avşaroğullari
Levent
L
Oztürk
Figen
F
Muhtaroğlu
Sebahattin
S
Akdur
Okhan
O
Küçük
Can
C
Durukan
Polat
P
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D010889:Piracetam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010889:Piracetam