title: An in vitro beating heart model for long-term assessment of experimental therapeutics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Within the framework of studies aiming at regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disease, we have developed an in vitro model to analyse human embryonic stem (ES) cell engraftment into the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This model is based on organotypic rat ventricular slices maintained in culture at the air-medium interface on semi-porous membranes. Survival and differentiation of human cardiomyocytes derived from ES cells were then assessed for several months. In addition, we observed that ventricular tissue slices not only exhibited normal histology, but also rhythmic contractions till the end of the experiments (up to 3 months). Similar results were obtained using ventricular slices obtained from two human foetuses at 8 and 9.5 weeks of age. Calcium transients were associated with the beating frequency, and the pattern was modulated in a dose-dependent manner by epinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the organotypic heart slice culture on semi-porous membranes is a relevant in vitro heart model for long-term histological and physiological studies.
authors.affiliation: INSERM/UEVE UMR 861, I-STEM, AFM, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, Evry 91030 Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Habeler
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pouillot
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plancheron
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pucéat
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peschanski
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000032:analysis; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine