title: Optimal dioptric value of near addition lenses intended to slow myopic progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal power value of near addition lenses, which would create the least error in accommodative and vergence responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated accommodative response, phoria, and fixation disparity when the subject viewed through various addition lenses at three working distances for 30 young adults (11 emmetropic, 17 myopic, and 2 hyperopic). Accommodative response was determined with a Canon R-1 infrared optometer under binocular viewing conditions, phoria was determined by the alternating cover test with prism neutralization, and fixation disparity was measured with a Sheedy disparometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the optimal powers of near addition lenses for the young adult subjects associated with zero retinal defocus were +0.92 D, +1.04 D, and +1.28 D at three viewing distances, 50 cm, 40 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. The optimal powers associated with -3 prism diopters (Delta) near phoria were +0.58 D, +0.35 D, and +0.20 D at the three distances, 50 cm, 40 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. In addition, we found high correlations between the initial accommodative error and the optimal power of the near addition lenses and between the initial near phoria and the optimal power of the near addition lenses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that when the effects of near addition lenses on the accommodative and vergence systems are both considered, the optimal dioptric power of the near addition lens is in a range between +0.20 D and +1.28 D for the three viewing distances. Using progressive lenses to delay the progression of myopia may have promising results if each subject's prescription is customized based on establishing a balance between the accommodative and vergence systems. Formulas derived from this study provide a basis for such considerations.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328, USA. bjiang@nova.edu
authors.forename: Bai-chuan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bussa
authors.forename: Yin C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tea
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seger
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000328:Adult; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D018450:Disease Progression; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D015357:Vision Disparity; D055815:Young Adult