title: Identification of cis-acting promoter sequences required for expression of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 gene in mice.
abstract: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1) is a rate limiting enzyme in de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis. The murine GPAT1 promoter sequence (the "classical" sequence) was reported previously. However, the organization of this DNA sequence does not fully match the mouse genome sequences on NCBI/GenBank. Here we have identified net cis-acting promoter sequences for the mouse GPAT1 gene: promoter 1a which includes part of the classical sequence and the downstream promoter 1b. Promoter 1a facilitates transcription of two alternative GPAT1 transcript variants, GPAT1-V1 and V2, while promoter 1b produces a third transcript variant, GPAT1-V3. Upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF-1) controlled both promoters whereas sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) exclusively regulated promoter 1a activity in vitro. Feeding increased GPAT1-V1 and V2, but not V3 mRNA levels in mouse liver. The obese condition of db/db mice did not alter the hepatic expression levels of any of the three GPAT1 variants. Feeding enhanced hepatic mRNA levels, intranuclear protein levels and promoter 1a-binding levels of SREBP-1, but not of USF-1. Thus, promoter 1a was exclusively activated by routine feeding in vivo. Our results indicate differential roles of the two promoters in the regulation of hepatic GPAT1 gene expression in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Nagakatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yunjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zenitani
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonemoto
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mawatari
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teshigawara
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000502:physiology; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; C497183:Usf1 protein, mouse; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase