title: Gene expression profile of dorsal root ganglion in a lumbar radiculopathy model.
abstract: METHODS
  DNA array analysis of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) using a rat model with nerve root constriction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the molecular changes in the DRG adjacent to the injured nerve root in a lumbar radiculopathy model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  DNA array analysis in lumbar radiculopathy model has so far focused on the spinal dorsal horn. The molecular changes in the DRG adjacent to the injured nerve root in lumbar radiculopathy remain to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral L5 DRGs were removed from 12 Sprague-Dawley rats on days 2, 7, 14, and 21 after nerve root ligation and on day 7 from 3 rats with sham operation. The aRNAs from the DRGs with nerve root ligation were labeled with Cy5 dye and those from the opposite side DRG (control) were labeled with Cy3 dye, and then hybridized to a 7793-spot Panorama Micro Array. It was considered to be significantly upregulated, when an average expression ratio of Cy5 to Cy3 was 2 or more. Genes upregulated were classified into early phase group (upregulated on day 2), midphase group (upregulated on days 7 and 14), and continuous group (upregulated from day 2 to 21). Seventeen genes were subjected to validation analysis with real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 16 upregulated genes in the early phase group, 56 genes in the midphase group, and 17 genes in the continuous group. Functional categorization revealed dominantly upregulated gene categories in each group; transcription/translation in the early phase group, enzyme/metabolism in the midphase group, and structure in the continuous group. Validation analysis of 17 genes demonstrated mean relative expression of 2.0 or more in all but 1 gene in the DRGs with nerve root ligation and none of them in the DRGs with sham operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genes identified in this study, especially those involved in pain signaling and inflammation, serve as potential targets for molecular-based therapy for lumbar radiculopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirita
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C089187:cyanine dye 3; C085321:cyanine dye 5