title: Intermittent Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonisation at the terminal rectum mucosa of conventionally-reared lambs.
abstract: In cattle, the lymphoid rich regions of the rectal-anal mucosa at the terminal rectum are the preferred site for Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonisation. All cattle infected by rectal swab administration demonstrate long-term E. coli O157:H7 colonisation, whereas orally challenged cattle do not demonstrate long-term E. coli O157:H7 colonisation in all animals. Oral, but not rectal challenge of sheep with E. coli O157:H7 has been reported, but an exact site for colonisation in sheep is unknown. To determine if E. coli O157:H7 can effectively colonise the ovine terminal rectum, in vitro organ culture (IVOC) was initiated. Albeit sparsely, large, densely packed E. coli O157:H7 micro-colonies were observed on the mucosa of ovine and control bovine terminal rectum explants. After necropsy of orally inoculated lambs, bacterial enumeration of the proximal and distal gastrointestinal tract did suggest a preference for E. coli O157:H7 colonisation at the ovine terminal rectum, albeit for both lymphoid rich and non-lymphoid sites. As reported for cattle, rectal inoculation studies were then conducted to determine if all lambs would demonstrate persistent colonisation at the terminal rectum. After necropsy of E. coli O157:H7 rectally inoculated lambs, most animals were not colonised at gastrointestinal sites proximal to the rectum, however, large densely packed micro-colonies of E. coli O157:H7 were observed on the ovine terminal rectum mucosa. Nevertheless, at the end point of the study (day 14), only one lamb had E. coli O157:H7 micro-colonies associated with the terminal rectum mucosa. A comparison of E. coli O157:H7 shedding yielded a similar pattern of persistence between rectally and orally inoculated lambs. The inability of E. coli O157:H7 to effectively colonise the terminal rectum mucosa of all rectally inoculated sheep in the long term, suggests that E. coli O157:H7 may colonise this site, but less effectively than reported previously for cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom. a.best@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Bentley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crudgington
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weyer
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: La Ragione
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002353:Carrier State; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors