title: Inhibition of invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting RhoC in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly human cancers because of its high incidence of metastasis. Our previous work identified a strong correlation between increased expression of RhoC and HCC metastasis. Here, we investigate to define the role of RhoC in HCC metastasis. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether inhibition of the expression of RhoC might block the metastasis of HCC in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stable retroviral small interfering RNA approach was employed to selectively knockdown the expression of RhoC in vitro and in vivo. Invasion and migration assay, MTT and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, Rho activity assay, and immunofluorescence staining were carried out to characterize RhoC in vitro. An anti-RhoC retroviral gene delivery BALB/c nude mice model was established to investigate whether knockdown of the expression of RhoC might inhibit the metastasis of HCC in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed the correlation of RhoC expression and metastatic potentials of HCC cell lines. We also showed that suppression of RhoC expression resulted in inhibition of invasion and migration without an apparent effect on cell survival and proliferation in HCCLM3 cells. Furthermore, a similar effect of RhoC on autotaxin-induced invasion of HCCLM3 cells was also observed. Significantly, we successfully adopted an HCC metastatic mouse model that allowed us to show that knockdown of the RhoC expression resulted in inhibition of metastasis of HCC in vivo for the first time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a critical role of RhoC in metastasis of HCC, implicating RhoC as a potential therapeutic target to block HCC metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Lianyue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C066690:RHOC protein, human; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein