Multiple myeloma with myelomatous pleural effusion: a case report and review of the literature.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cell origin. Pleural effusion may develop in the setting of MM due to various reasons, but myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is rare. We report a case of MPE in a patient with advanced MM. A 76-year-old woman with MM was admitted to hospital because of dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed right-sided pleural effusion. Protein electrophoresis of the pleural fluid showed monoclonal protein, and cytology demonstrated monoclonal plasma cells. Hospice care was implemented, and the patient died one month later. We present an analysis of the clinical characteristics of 57 MPE cases reported in the English literature. Our review revealed that MPE patients had poor overall survival irrespective of whether MPE develops in the course of their disease or presents as the initial manifestation of MM. Based on this analysis, MPE is a poor prognostic factor, and aggressive treatment should be considered, especially for patients with early-onset MPE.
Kim
Yu Jin
YJ
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea.
Kim
Su Jin
SJ
Min
Kwangseon
K
Kim
Ho Young
HY
Kim
Hyo Jung
HJ
Lee
Young Kyung
YK
Zang
Dae Young
DY
D000368:Aged; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
D011506:Proteins