title: Diagnosis of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast: ultrasonography findings and different biopsy methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a rare, benign condition that can be mistaken as a fibroadenoma on an ultrasound examination or as a low-grade angiosarcoma on a histological examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound features and to present biopsy methods to correctly identify PASH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the data of 55 women who were diagnosed with PASH of the breast. Ultrasound features were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS; American College of Radiology). The diagnostic ability of different biopsy methods such as core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy and excisional biopsy were analyzed with the final histopathological results of surgical specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PASH presented as a circumscribed solid mass, with hypoechoic texture with or without heterogeneity, and a parallel orientation. The features of small, internal cysts or vascular channels and no calcifications can be used to differentiate the lesions from fibroadenomas. A core needle biopsy misdiagnosed PASH in 13 cases out of 28 cases and vacuum-assisted biopsy correctly identified PASH in all 3 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound features of PASH should be noted when performing a biopsy. For inconclusive cases of PASH, an excisional biopsy followed by an initial core biopsy should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Shinho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kook
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary