title: A downsized flow set up based on multicommutation for the sequential photometric determination of iron(II)/iron(III) and nitrite/nitrate in surface water.
abstract: In this work, a downsized flow set up designed based on multicommutation concept for photometric determination of iron(II)/iron(III) and nitrite/nitrate is surface water is described. The flow system network comprised a set of three-way solenoid valves, reaction coil and a double-channel flow cell, which were nested in order to obtain a compact and small-size instrument. To accomplish the downsizing requirement light source (LED) and radiation detection (phototransistor) were coupled to the flow cell. In order to demonstrated the effectiveness of the system, the photometer methods based on Griess reaction and 1-10-phenantroline for nitrite and iron(II) determination, respectively, were selected. Under computer control the set up provided facilities to handle four reagent solutions employing a single pumping channel, thus permitting also the determination of nitrate and iron(III) after its reduction to nitrite and to iron(II), respectively. The overall system performance was demonstrated working several days running standard solution, no significant variation of base line, linear response range and slop (less than 1%) were observed. The usefulness of the downsized system was ascertained by analyzing a set of surface water. Aiming to access the accuracy sample were also analyzed employing reference procedures and no significant difference at 95% confidence level were observed for the four analytes. Other profitable features such as analytical throughput of 40 determination per hour; relative standard deviation of 1%; linear response range between 50 and 300mugl(-1) for nitrite and nitrate, 0.5-6.0mgl(-1) iron(II) and iron(III); low reagent consumption 75mug for nitrate/nitrite and 0.6mg for iron(II)/iron(III) per determination; and 2.4ml waste generation per determination were also achieved.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, P.O. Box 96, 14 400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário Almir
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Boaventura F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Reis