title: Taurine suppresses the spread of cell death in electrically coupled RPE cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether taurine exerts a protective effect on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells exposed to a cytotoxic agent, cytochrome C (cyC), shown previously to induce apoptosis and produce cell death in electrically coupled neighboring cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monolayer cultures of confluent human RPE (ARPE-19) cells, which express gap-junctional proteins, were incubated in culture medium with or without taurine. After scrape loading cyC into the cells, we assayed these cells for caspase 3 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to determine the spread of apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that cyC, too large a molecule to traverse gap junctional channels, produced apoptosis in cells injured by the scrape as well as those distant from the site of the scrape, presumably by the intercellular transmission of a toxic agent through the gap junctions that couple these cells. Incubation in taurine, or the gap-junction blocker, octanol, before application of cyC, reduced significantly the fraction of cells undergoing apoptosis. Voltage clamp recordings from electrically coupled Xenopus oocytes transfected with Cx43 showed that junctional communication was unaffected by taurine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that taurine can serve to suppress cell death in RPE cells independent of any effect on gap junctions. We have considered various avenues by which taurine can exert its protective effect, but the precise mechanism involved under these experimental conditions has yet to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Chandani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Udawatte
authors.forename: Haohua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mangini
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Harris
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ripps
mesh_terms: D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017630:Connexins / Q000378:metabolism; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D017630:Connexins; D013654:Taurine; D053148:Caspase 3