title: Aerobic fitness, energy balance, and body mass index are associated with training load assessed by activity energy expenditure.
abstract: The present study examined whether activity energy expenditure related to body mass (AEE/kg) is associated with maximal aerobic fitness (VO(2max)), energy balance, and body mass index (BMI) during the 2 hardest weeks of the military basic training season (BT). An additional purpose was to study the accuracy of the pre-filled food diary energy intake. Energy expenditure (EE) with doubly labeled water, energy intake (EI), energy balance, and mis-recording was measured from 24 male conscripts with varying VO(2max). AEE/kg was calculated as (EE x 0.9-measured basal metabolic rate)/body mass. The reported EI was lower (P<0.001) than EE (15.48 MJ/day) and mis-recording of the pre-filled diary was -20%. The negative energy balance (-6+/-26%) was non-significant; however, the variation was high. The subjects with a low VO(2max), a high BMI, and a negative energy balance were vulnerable to low AEE/kg. However, in the multivariate regression analysis only BMI remained in the model, explaining 33% of the variation in AEE/kg. During wintertime BT, AEE/kg is affected by energy balance, VO(2max), and BMI. From these three factors, overweight limits high-level training the most. Furthermore, an optimal energy balance facilitates physical performance and enables high training loads to be sustained during the BT season.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. minna.tanskanen@sport.jyu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: A L T
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nissilä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santtila
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Westerterp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyröläinen
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult