title: Immune-related proteins induced in the hemolymph after aseptic and septic injury differ in honey bee worker larvae and adults.
abstract: We have employed the proteomic approach in combination with mass spectrometry to study the immune response of honey bee workers at different developmental stages. Analysis of the hemolymph proteins of noninfected, mock-infected and immune-challenged individuals by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed differences in the protein profiles. We present evidence that in vitro reared honey bee larvae respond with a prominent humoral reaction to aseptic and septic injury as documented by the transient synthesis of the three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hymenoptaecin, defensin1, and abaecin. In contrast, young adult worker bees react with a broader spectrum of immune reactions that include the activation of prophenoloxidase and humoral immune responses. At least seven proteins appeared consistently in the hemolymph of immune-challenged bees, three of which are identical to the AMPs induced also in larvae. The other four, i.e., phenoloxidase (PO), peptidoglycan recognition protein-S2, carboxylesterase (CE), and an Apis-specific protein not assigned to any function (HP30), are induced specifically in adult bees and, with the exception of PO, are not expressed after aseptic injury. Structural features of CE and HP30, such as classical leucine zipper motifs, together with their strong simultaneous induction upon challenge with bacteria suggest an important role of the two novel bee-specific immune proteins in response to microbial infections.
authors.affiliation: BEEgroup, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Randolt
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gimple
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geissendörfer
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reinders
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prusko
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tautz
authors.forename: Hildburg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D001516:Bees / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D023082:Defensins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D023082:Defensins; D019476:Insect Proteins; C080586:hymenoptaecin protein, Apis mellifera; C062933:abaecin protein, Apis mellifera