title: Exercise testing in individuals with morbid obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in its morbid form. Bariatric surgery is an effective therapeutic option for sustained weight loss. However, there is no consensus in these cases regarding the performance of functional tests for preoperative evaluations. The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic response variables using a conventional exercise test on individuals with morbid obesity in comparison to overweight individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred seventeen cases were included. Group I had 290 patients with morbid obesity and group II had 327 overweight patients. All were submitted to a conventional treadmill exercise test. Classic positivity criteria were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups tolerated the test well. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of positivity of the test [ST segment abnormality or angor (P = 0.3863) or ST segment abnormality alone (P = 0.1000)]. The significantly higher values in the obese individuals were basal heart rate, basal systolic arterial pressure (SAP), maximum SAP, basal diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), maximum DAP, chronotropic deficit (P < 0.0001), and maximum rate-pressure product (P < 0.0421). The significantly lower values in the obese individuals were exercise time, maximum heart rate, and metabolic equivalents values (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemodynamic parameters were significantly different between the two groups. However, there were no differences in terms of ST segment abnormalities or effort-induced angina. The very low functional capacity and complex arrhythmia found in some obese individuals draws attention to the need for complementary investigation with the aim of diminishing the risk of postoperative heart complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. ldfornitano@cardiol.br
authors.forename: Luis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fornitano
authors.forename: Moacir F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Godoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult