title: Suppression of beta-catenin signaling by liver X receptor ligands.
abstract: The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and LXRbeta serve as oxysterol receptors and play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. We investigated the potential effects of LXRs on pathways of colon carcinogenesis and found that LXR activation suppresses the transactivation activity of beta-catenin, a key molecule in Wnt signaling. LXRalpha and LXRbeta inhibited beta-catenin transactivation of T cell factor-mediated transcription in a ligand-dependent manner. LXR activation suppressed an oncogenic beta-catenin, which has phosphorylation site mutations, and did not change beta-catenin protein expression in cells. In contrast, beta-catenin enhanced LXR transactivation activity. Nuclear LXRs and beta-catenin were coimmunoprecipitated in colon cancer HCT116 cells, and in vitro experiments showed that LXRs bind directly to the Armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin in a ligand-independent manner. LXR ligand decreased mRNA expression of beta-catenin targets, MYC, MMP7 and BMP4, and recruited LXRs to MYC and MMP7 promoters. Transfection of a dominant negative LXR to HCT116 cells and experiments using LXR-null cells showed the involvement of cellular LXRs in beta-catenin suppression and proliferation inhibition. The results show lipid-sensing receptor LXRs regulate the beta-catenin activity and cellular proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Yangsik
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawana
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016296:Mutagenesis; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000172:deficiency / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051176:beta Catenin; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; C423915:T0901317; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides