title: High expression of dopamine receptor subtype 2 in a large series of neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate by immumohistochemistry the presence of DR subtype 2 (D2R) in well differentiated NETs of different sites and in normal islet cells.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent data in vitro and in vivo support that dopaminergic drugs might exert an inhibitory effect on hormone secretion and, possibly, on tumor growth in neuroendocrine tumors (NET)s. Their potential therapeutic role needs the demonstration of dopamine receptors (DR) in tumor cells. Little is known on the expression of DR in NETs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  85% of samples (100% of bronchial carcinoids and 93% of islet cell tumors) showed positivity for D2R; intensity of immunoreaction in NETs was similar or higher than in pituitary (54% and respectively 31% of cases). D2R positivity in more than 70% of tumor cells was observed in 46% of samples. Same intensity of D2R-immunoreactivity was found in pituitary and normal islet cells. No differences in D2R expression were recorded on considering tumor grading, size, proliferative activity, presence of metastases, endocrine activity and gender. A significant difference (62.5% vs 96.4%, p = 0.039) was observed in the prevalence of D2R expression between patients with more aggressive tumors and patients without recurrence/progression of disease during follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  46 NET samples from 44 patients and normal endocrine pancreatic tissue were studied. D2R-staining was performed on NETs and compared with six non-secreting pituitary adenomas and related to clinical-pathological data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data demonstrate a high expression of D2R in NETs; this finding is of clinical relevance in view of the potential role of dopaminergic drugs in inhibiting secretion and/or cell proliferation in NETs.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Ospedale Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grossrubatscher
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: Paolo Dalino
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ciaramella
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boniardi
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Carlis
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravini
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambacorta
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000235:genetics*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2