title: [ARX--one gene--many phenotypes].
abstract: Mental retardation is a serious social problem. It affects 2-3% of the population. It is estimated that mutations in the ARX gene can be found in 1 in 12,000 live male births. This is the second most common cause of X-linked mental retardation after fragile X syndrome. The ARX gene belongs to transcription factors involved in differentiation of specific neuronal cells in the central nervous system. The most common mutation in the ARX gene is c. 428_451dup24, duplication of 24 bp in exon 2 of the gene, causing elongation of the second alanine tract (polyA12_II). Described disorders caused by mutations in the ARX gene include: hydrocephaly with abnormal genitalia (HYD-AG), lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG), agenesis of corpus callosum with abnormal genitalia (ACC-AG), Partington syndrome (PRTS), X-linked infantile spasms (ISSX), myoclonic epilepsy with spasticity and mental retardation (XMESID), and nonspecific mental retardation (NS-XLMR).
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Biologii Ogólnej, Molekularnej i Genetyki, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice. mlisik@sum.edu.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisik
authors.forename: Aleksander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sieroń
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D054221:Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias / Q000235:genetics; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D054082:Lissencephaly / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D038901:X-Linked Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C469264:ARX protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors