title: Causes of death amongst French patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate causes of death and the circumstances surrounding death in 302 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The functional status of patients immediately before death was also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was obtained from neurologists at ALS centres, patients' files, and, when deaths occurred outside a medical facility, attending physicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients (63%) died in a medical facility. The most frequently reported cause of death was respiratory failure (77%), including terminal respiratory insufficiency (58%), pneumonia (14%), asphyxia due to a foreign body (3%) and pulmonary embolism (2%). Ten per cent of patients died from other causes: post-surgical or traumatic conditions (5%), cardiac causes (3.4%), suicide (1.3%) and sudden death of unknown origin (0.7%). The cause of death could not be determined in 13% of cases (6% inside a medical facility and 25% outside). At the time of death, only 55% of patients were receiving riluzole, 33% were undergoing non-invasive ventilation, 3% had a tracheotomy and 37% a gastrostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information provided by this study helps to improve our understanding of the natural history of the disease and may help optimize the quality of care we can offer patients at the end of life.
authors.affiliation: EA 3174 Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Funalot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verschueren
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danel-Brunaud
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Camu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desnuelle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Camdessanche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cintas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carluer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pittion
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corcia
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maugras
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Masson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couratier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000401:mortality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000401:mortality; D011788:Quality of Life; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology