title: Distribution of treatment for human papillomavirus-associated gynecologic carcinomas before prophylactic vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This report describes the distribution of treatment for cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva carcinomas by demographic characteristics before the widespread implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used data collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 2000 through 2004 to calculate the distribution of surgical procedures and radiotherapy by carcinoma site, disease stage, and tumor histology (squamous vs nonsquamous). For women with localized cervical carcinomas, the proportions of hysterectomy procedures were analyzed by age, race, ethnicity, marital status, and histology, including a 13-year trend analysis of hysterectomy use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 75% of the women with cervical carcinomas underwent hysterectomy, there were significant differences in treatment by race and ethnicity. Black women were least likely to undergo hysterectomies: The large gap between them and other racial/ethnic groups persisted throughout the study period. For all 3 carcinoma sites, both tumor histology and disease stage influenced radiotherapy modality and the extent of surgery. Nonsquamous histology, ages 30 to 64 years, Asian/Pacific Islander race, and marriage were associated positively with hysterectomy. Overall, a gradual decrease in hysterectomy use was observed over time. Hysterectomies among Hispanic white women increased slightly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer surveillance data suggest that treatment patterns of HPV-associated carcinomas are correlated with both clinical and demographic characteristics. The decreasing use of hysterectomy before introduction of the HPV vaccine and the vaccine's potential effect on the age-related stage distributions warrant consideration when evaluating its future impact on the delivery of care for women with HPV-associated tumors.
authors.affiliation: New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12237-0679, USA. sxn04@health.state.ny.us
authors.forename: Serban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negoita
authors.forename: Jovanka N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Baozhen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Donatus U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Ekwueme
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Flowers
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044469:Racial Groups; D018426:SEER Program; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines