title: Effects of whole-body low-intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular size and strength in young men.
abstract: Our previous study showed that relatively low-intensity (approximately 50% one-repetition maximum [1RM]) resistance training (knee extension) with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) caused as significant an increase in muscular size and strength as high-intensity (approximately 80% 1RM) resistance training with normal speed (HN). However, that study examined only local effects of one type of exercise (knee extension) on knee extensor muscles. The present study was performed to examine whether a whole-body LST resistance training regimen is as effective on muscular hypertrophy and strength gain as HN resistance training. Thirty-six healthy young men without experience of regular resistance training were assigned into three groups (each n = 12) and performed whole-body resistance training regimens comprising five types of exercise (vertical squat, chest press, latissimus dorsi pull-down, abdominal bend, and back extension: three sets each) with LST (approximately 55-60% 1RM, 3 seconds for eccentric and concentric actions, and no relaxing phase); HN (approximately 80-90% 1RM, 1 second for concentric and eccentric actions, 1 second for relaxing); and a sedentary control group (CON). The mean repetition maximum was eight-repetition maximum in LST and HN. The training session was performed twice a week for 13 weeks. The LST training caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in whole-body muscle thickness (6.8 +/- 3.4% in a sum of six sites) and 1RM strength (33.0 +/- 8.8% in a sum of five exercises) comparable with those induced by HN training (9.1 +/- 4.2%, 41.2 +/- 7.6% in each measurement item). There were no such changes in the CON group. The results suggest that a whole-body LST resistance training regimen is as effective for muscular hypertrophy and strength gain as HN resistance training.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. tanimoto@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gando
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Naokata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen