title: Thermophilic degradation of phenolic compounds in lab scale hybrid up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors.
abstract: This Study describes the feasibility of anaerobic degradation of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) listed 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C-2-NP), 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C-4-NP), 2-chloro-5-methylphenol (2C-5-MP) from a simulated wastewater using four identical 7L bench scale hybrid up flow anaerobic sludge blankets (HUASBs) at five different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) under thermophilic condition (55+/-3 degrees C). The substrate to co-substrate ratios were maintained between 1:33.3 and 1:166.6. Continuous monitoring of parameters like pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation, oxidation reduction potential, chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity, gas productions, methane percentages were carried out along with compound reduction to asses the efficiency of biodegradation. The compound reduction was estimated by using spectrophotometric methods and further validated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimum HRT values were observed at 24h. Optimum ratio of substrate (phenolic compounds) to co-substrate (glucose) was 1:100. Scanning electron micrographs show that the granules were composed of thermophilic Methanobrevibacter and thermophilic Methanothrix like bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sreekanth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sivaramakrishna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Himabindu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anjaneyulu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D007753:Laboratories; D041581:Methanobrevibacter / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017019:Methanosarcinaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D009596:Nitrophenols; D012722:Sewage; C068311:4-chloro-2-nitrophenol; C045573:2-nitrophenol