title: Kallmann syndrome.
abstract: The Kallmann syndrome (KS) combines hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) with anosmia. This is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. KAL1, encoding the extracellular glycoprotein anosmin-1, is responsible for the X chromosome-linked recessive form of the disease. Mutations in FGFR1 or FGF8, encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-8, respectively, underlie an autosomal dominant form with incomplete penetrance. Finally, mutations in PROKR2 and PROK2, encoding prokineticin receptor-2 and prokineticin-2, have been found in heterozygous, homozygous, and compound heterozygous states. These two genes are likely to be involved both in monogenic recessive and digenic/oligogenic KS transmission modes. Notably, mutations in any of the above-mentioned KS genes have been found in less than 30% of the KS patients, which indicates that other genes involved in the disease remain to be discovered.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U567, Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. catherine.dode@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dodé
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hardelin
mesh_terms: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C076266:ANOS1 protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins