title: Effects of treadmill exercise on cell proliferation and differentiation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in a rat model of type II diabetes.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effects of a treadmill exercise on serum glucose levels and Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity, which is a marker of cell proliferation expressed during cell cycles except G0 and early G1 and a marker of progenitors differentiating into neurons, respectively, in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (SZDG) using a type II diabetic model. At 6 weeks of age, Zucker lean control (ZLC) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were put on a treadmill with or without running for 1 h/day/5 consecutive days at 22 m/min for 5 weeks. Body weight was significantly increased in the control (without running)-ZDF rats compared to that in the other groups. In the control groups blood glucose levels were increased by 392.7 mg/dl in the control-ZDF rats and by 143.3 mg/dl in the control-ZLC rats. However, in the exercise groups, blood glucose levels were similar between the exercise-ZLC and ZDF rats: The blood glucose levels were 110.0 and 118.2 mg/dl, respectively. Ki67 positive nuclei were detected in the SZDG in control and exercise groups. The number of Ki67 positive nuclei was significantly high in exercise groups compared to that in the control groups. In addition, Ki67 positive cells were abundant in ZLC groups compared to those in ZDF groups. DCX-immunoreactive structures in the control-ZDF rats were lower than that in the control-ZLC rats. In the exercise groups, DCX-immunoreactive structures (somata and processes with tertiary dendrites) and DCX protein levels were markedly increased in both the exercise-ZLC and ZDF rats compared to that in the control groups. These results suggest that a treadmill exercise reduces blood glucose levels in ZDF rats and increases cell proliferation and differentiation in the SZDG in ZLC and ZDF rats compared to those in control groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: In Koo
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ok Kyu
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jiatian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bingchun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Il Yong
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yo Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tongkun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Wook
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: In Se
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Je Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Yeo Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D004435:Eating; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D007399:Interphase; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; C000714848:Dcx protein, rat; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D020738:Leptin; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides