title: Intraoperative music reduces perceived pain after total knee arthroplasty: a blinded, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often experience a difficult recovery due to severe postoperative pain. Using a multimodal pain management protocol, a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of patient-selected music on reducing perceived pain. Thirty patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were enrolled and randomized into the music group (15 patients) or the control group (15 patients). Postoperative pain scores, assessed with the visual analog scale, indicated the music group experienced less pain at 3 and 24 hours postoperatively than did the nonmusic group (at 3 hours: 1.47+/-1.39 versus 3.87+/-3.44, P=.01; at 24 hours: 2.41+/-1.67 versus 4.03+/-2.89, P=.04). Intraoperative music provides an inexpensive nonpharmacological option to further reduce postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Xavier C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Simcock
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kiernan
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macaulay
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001168:Arthritis / Q000601:surgery*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome