title: Causes of childhood blindness in the northeastern states of India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The northeastern region (NER) of India is geographically isolated and ethno-culturally different from the rest of the country. There is lacuna regarding the data on causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children from this region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness amongst children from schools for the blind in the four states of NER of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of children attending special education schools for the blind in the NER.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blind and severely visually impaired children (best corrected visual acuity < 20/200 in the better eye, aged up to 16 years) underwent visual acuity estimation, external ocular examination, retinoscopy and fundoscopy. Refraction and low vision workup was done where indicated. World Health Organization's reporting form was used to code anatomical and etiological causes of visual loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsoft Excel Windows software with SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 376 students were examined of whom 258 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The major anatomical causes of visual loss amongst the 258 were congenital anomalies (anophthalmos, microphthalmos) 93 (36.1%); corneal conditions (scarring, vitamin A deficiency) 94 (36.7%); cataract or aphakia 28 (10.9%), retinal disorders 15 (5.8%) and optic atrophy 14 (5.3%). Nearly half of the children were blind from conditions which were either preventable or treatable (48.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly half the childhood blindness in the NER states of India is avoidable and Vitamin A deficiency forms an important component unlike other Indian states. More research and multisectorial effort is needed to tackle congenital anomalies.
authors.affiliation: HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Harsha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Rishi Raj
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Borah
authors.forename: Kamalesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Parikshit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gogate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purukayastha
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D004519:Education, Special; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D014792:Visual Acuity; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*