title: Social inequality in use of dental services: relief of pain and extractions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess social inequality in use of dental services by examination of visiting for relief of pain and receipt of extractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in the period of 2004-06, from a stratified clustered sample of Australians aged 15+ years, using a computer-aided telephone interview. Analysis was restricted to n=10,099 dentate adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visiting for relief of pain varied by age, country of birth, education and income with lower odds (Odds ratio, 95%CI) among 55-74 (0.43, 0.35-0.54) and 75+ year-olds (0.22, 0.15-0.33) compared to the 15-34 year-olds, lower odds among Australian-born persons (0.82,0.69-0.98) compared to those born overseas, higher odds for those with no post-secondary education (1.31, 1.07-1.61) and with TAFE, trade or other qualifications (1.34, 1.09-1.66) compared to university qualified, and for those in the <$20,000 income group (1.61, 1.23-2.12), the $20,000-<$40,000 (1.53, 1.20-1.96) and the $40,000-<$60,000 group (1.33, 1.02-1.72) compared to <$80,000+. Receipt of extractions varied by age, sex, qualifications and income, with lower odds of extraction among persons of 75+ years (0.61,0.40-0.93) compared to the youngest age group, higher odds among males (1.34, 1.13-1.59) compared to females, those with no post-secondary education (1.59, 1.27-1.99) and with TAFE, trade or other qualifications (1.49, 1.21-1.84) compared to university qualified, and for the income groups <$20,000 (3.06, 2.27-4.12), $20,000-<40,000 (2.37, 1.80-3.12) and $40,000-<60,000 (1.94 1.47-2.55) compared to the $80,000+ income group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate social inequality in provision of dental services and suggest an urgent need for the dental profession and governments to address this inequality.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. robertsthomson@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Kaye F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Roberts-Thomson
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzzi
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D003729:Dental Care / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D005157:Facial Pain; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*