title: Galectin-9 expands unique macrophages exhibiting plasmacytoid dendritic cell-like phenotypes that activate NK cells in tumor-bearing mice.
abstract: Galectin-9 (Gal-9) inhibits the metastasis of tumor cells by blocking their adhesion to endothelium and the extracellular matrix. In this study, we addressed the involvement of Gal-9 in anti-tumor activity. Gal-9 significantly prolonged the survival of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Gal-9 increased the numbers of NK cells, CD8 T cells and macrophages in tumor-bearing mice. Gal-9-mediated anti-tumor activity was not induced in NK cell-, macrophage- and CD8 T cell-depleted mice. NK cells from Gal-9-treated mice, compared to PBS-treated mice, exhibited significantly higher cytolytic activity. Co-culture of naïve NK cells with macrophages from Gal-9-treated mice resulted in enhanced NK activity, although Gal-9 itself did not enhance the NK activity. We also found that Ly-6C(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) macrophages with plasmacytoid cell (pDC)-like phenotypes (PDCA-1 and B220) were responsible for the enhanced NK activity. These results provide evidence that Gal-9 promotes NK cell-mediated anti-tumor activity by expanding unique macrophages with a pDC-like phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nobumoto
authors.forename: Souichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oomizu
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arikawa
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Mitsuomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D037161:Galectins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D037161:Galectins; C508186:galectin 9, mouse