title: Antibody responses to a panel of Plasmodium falciparum malaria blood-stage antigens in relation to clinical disease outcome in Sudan.
abstract: Despite many intervention programmes aimed at curtailing the scourge, malaria remains a formidable problem of human health. Immunity to asexual blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is thought to be associated with protective antibodies of certain immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. We have analysed immunoglobulin G profiles to six leading blood-stage antigens in relation to clinical malaria outcome in a hospital-based study in Sudan. Our results revealed a linear association with anti-AMA-1-IgG1 antibodies in children <5 years and reduced risk of severe malaria, while the responses of the IgG3 antibodies against MSP-2, MSP-3, GLURP in individuals above 5 years were bi-modal. A dominance of IgG3 antibodies in >5 years was also observed. In the final combined model, the highest levels of IgG1 antibodies to AMA-1, GLURP-R0, and the highest levels of IgG3 antibodies to 3D7 MSP-2 were independently associated with protection from clinical malaria. The study provides further support for the potential importance of the studied merozoite vaccine candidate antigens as targets for parasite neutralizing antibody responses of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nnaemeka C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Iriemenam
authors.forename: Atif H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khirelsied
authors.forename: Amre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: Gehad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ElGhazali
authors.forename: Haider A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Giha
authors.forename: Thoraya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Elhassan A-Elgadir
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Agab-Aldour
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Robin F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troye-Blomberg
authors.forename: Mustafa I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Elbashir
authors.forename: Klavs
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berzins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D052940:Merozoites / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G