title: Influence of temperature on virulence of fungal isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
abstract: Twenty-three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sokorin and three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were assessed for their virulence against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Based on the screening results, nine isolates of M. anisopliae and two isolates of B. bassiana were tested for their virulence against young adult (1- to 2-day-old) female T. urticae at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C. At all temperatures tested, all the fungal isolates were pathogenic to T. urticae but mortality varied with isolates and temperatures. Fungal isolates were more virulent at 25, 30 and 35 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT(50)) and lethal time to 90% mortality (LT(90)) values decreased with increased temperature. There were no significant differences in virulence between fungal isolates at 30 and 35 degrees C; however, significant differences were observed at 20 and 25 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya. dbugeme@icipe.org
authors.forename: David Mugisho
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bugeme
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Hamadi Iddi
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Boga
authors.forename: Anthony Kibira
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wanjoya
authors.forename: Nguya Kalemba
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Maniania
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence