title: Comparison of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among different ethnicities: Beijing CKD survey and American NHANES.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear whether ethnic disparity of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists among native Chinese and American ethnicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified multistage clustered screening for CKD performed in Beijing in 2006 was compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999-2006 (participants aged > or =20 years, 13 626 Chinese, 9006 whites, 3447 African Americans, 4626 Hispanics). Serum creatinine from Beijing and NHANES were calibrated at the Cleveland Clinic Laboratory. The re-expressed abbreviated MDRD equation for Americans and its modified form for Chinese were used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Subjects with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were diagnosed as having chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Albuminuria was diagnosed if the urine albumin-creatinine ratio was >17 mg/g for males or >25 mg/g for females. CKD was diagnosed if CRI or albuminuria was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with American whites, African Americans and Hispanics, Chinese had a lower prevalence of adjusted albuminuria (12.10%, 16.33% and 14.16% versus 9.27%), CRI (9.46%, 5.18% and 3.11% versus 1.38%) and CKD (19.03%, 19.00% and 15.99% versus 10.25%). Moreover, Chinese hold the lowest risk of albuminuria when exposed to diabetes; the risk of CRI among Chinese when exposed to diabetes or hypertension was lower than that among African Americans, but similar to that among whites and Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CKD prevalence was significantly different among native Chinese and American ethnicities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nephrology Peking University First Hospital, 8 XiShiKu Street, XiCheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: LuXia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Puhong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: HaiYan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology