title: KCNJ11 knockout morula re-engineered by stem cell diploid aggregation.
abstract: KCNJ11-encoded Kir6.2 assembles with ATP-binding cassette sulphonylurea receptors to generate ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel complexes. Expressed in tissues with dynamic metabolic flux, these evolutionarily conserved yet structurally and functionally unique heteromultimers serve as high-fidelity rheostats that adjust membrane potential-dependent cell functions to match energetic demand. Genetic defects in channel subunits disrupt the cellular homeostatic response to environmental stress, compromising organ tolerance in the adult. As maladaptation characterizes malignant KATP channelopathies, establishment of platforms to examine progression of KATP channel-dependent adaptive behaviour is warranted. Chimeras provide a powerful tool to assay the contribution of genetic variance to stress intolerance during prenatal or post-natal development. Here, KCNJ11 KATP channel gene knockout<-->wild-type chimeras were engineered through diploid aggregation. Integration of wild-type embryonic stem cells into zona pellucida-denuded morula derived from knockout embryos achieved varying degrees of incorporation of stress-tolerant tissue within the KATP channel-deficient background. Despite the stress-vulnerable phenotype of the knockout, ex vivo derived mosaic blastocysts tolerated intrauterine transfer and implantation, followed by full-term embryonic development in pseudopregnant surrogates to produce live chimeric offspring. The development of adult chimerism from the knockout<-->wild-type mosaic embryo offers thereby a new paradigm to probe the ecogenetic control of the KATP channel-dependent stress response.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fernandez
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics; D004171:Diploidy; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009028:Morula / Q000166:cytology*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel