title: NOD2-deficient mice have impaired resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through defective innate and adaptive immunity.
abstract: NOD2/CARD15 mediates innate immune responses to mycobacterial infection. However, its role in the regulation of adaptive immunity has remained unknown. In this study, we examined host defense, T cell responses, and tissue pathology in two models of pulmonary mycobacterial infection, using wild-type and Nod2-deficient mice. During the early phase of aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nod2(-/-) mice had similar bacterial counts but reduced inflammatory response on histopathology at 4 and 8 wk postchallenge compared with wild-type animals. These findings were confirmed upon intratracheal infection of mice with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Analysis of the lungs 4 wk after bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection demonstrated that Nod2(-/-) mice had decreased production of type 1 cytokines and reduced recruitment of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Ag-specific T cell responses in both the spleens and thoracic lymph nodes were diminished in Nod2(-/-) mice, indicating impaired adaptive antimycobacterial immunity. The immune regulatory role of NOD2 was not restricted to the lung since Nod2 disruption also led to reduced type 1 T cell activation following i.m. bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection. To determine the importance of diminished innate and adaptive immunity, we measured bacterial burden 6 mo after aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis and followed a second infected group for assessment of survival. Nod2(-/-) mice had a higher bacterial burden in the lungs 6 mo after infection and succumbed sooner than did wild-type controls. Taken together, these data indicate that NOD2 mediates resistance to mycobacterial infection via both innate and adaptive immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divangahi
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mostowy
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coulombe
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veyrier
authors.forename: Koichi S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gros
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Behr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000276:immunology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; C495945:Nod2 protein, mouse