title: Analysis of the oestrogen response in an angiomyolipoma derived xenograft model.
abstract: Angiomyolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumours of smooth muscle, blood vessels and fat which occur sporadically or associated with tuberous sclerosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare cystic lung disease. Angiomyolipoma and LAM are caused by loss of function of either the tuberous sclerosis-1 or -2 genes resulting in activation of p70S6kinase (S6K1) and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. LAM and angiomyolipoma can be exacerbated by oestrogens but how this occurs is not understood. To address this question, we created a xenograft tumour system in nude mice using immortalised angiomyolipoma cells. Angiomyolipoma xenografts had active S6K1, p38, p42/44 MAPK and Akt; they grew more rapidly and had greater Akt phosphorylation after oestrogen treatment of tumour-bearing mice. Transcriptional profiling showed oestrogen induced 300 genes including extracellular matrix proteins, proteases, cell cycle regulatory proteins and growth factors including platelet derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C). Biologically active PDGF-C was produced by primary angiomyolipoma cells in culture and PDGF-C protein was present in the neoplastic smooth muscle cells of 5/5 human angiomyolipoma and 4/5 LAM tissues examined by immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that the response to oestrogen in this model is mediated by activation of Akt and transcriptional events. This model may prove useful for studying the biology and effect of drugs on angiomyolipoma and diseases related to TSC.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Asprey
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D008222:Lymphokines; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C411423:platelet-derived growth factor C; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases