title: Effects of vitamin C intake on gingival oxidative stress in rat periodontitis.
abstract: Increased levels of oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Studies suggest a negative association between plasma vitamin C level and the severity of periodontitis. We hypothesized that increases in plasma vitamin C levels after vitamin C intake might clinically reduce gingival oxidative stress in a rat periodontitis model. A ligature was placed around rat mandibular molars for 4 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the rats were then given drinking water with or without 1 g/L vitamin C for 2 weeks after the ligature was removed. The periodontitis-induced rats showed a 149% increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and a 40% decrease in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in gingival tissue. Vitamin C intake induced a 175% increase in plasma vitamin C level, resulting in an improvement in the gingival 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level (decreased) and in the reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (increased). Furthermore, in ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, gene expression encoding inflammation, including interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta, was more than twofold down-regulated by vitamin C intake. The results suggest that systemic administration of vitamin C could be clinically beneficial in improving periodontitis-induced oxidative stress by down-regulating inflammatory gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanbe
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokeguchi
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012313:RNA; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid