title: The effect of tacrolimus (FK-506) on Japanese patients with refractory Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence indicates that intravenous or oral therapy with tacrolimus (FK-506) is effective in treating patients with Crohn's disease. We evaluated the usefulness of tacrolimus therapy for Japanese patients with refractory Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen adult Japanese patients with Crohn's disease that was refractory to conventional therapies, including prednisolone (n = 5), azathioprine (n = 6), and infliximab (n = 5), were enrolled. Treatment with tacrolimus was started orally or intravenously and aimed for serum trough levels of 10-15 ng/ml. After the patients achieved clinical improvement, tacrolimus maintenance therapy was administered to maintain the trough level at 5-10 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients achieved remission or significant improvement 40 days after starting tacrolimus treatment. By 120 days after the start of therapy, 9 (64%) patients achieved remission, 2 patients (14%) achieved significant improvement, and only 3 patients (21%) relapsed. The relapsed patients were treated with infliximab therapy and achieved remission. Steroids were discontinued by the 5 patients who had taken steroids before the study began. Adverse effects of tacrolimus included a temporary increase in serum creatinine concentration (n = 1, 7%), hyperkalemia (n = 1, 7%), and tremor (n = 1, 7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus therapy is effective and well tolerated in patients with Crohn's disease that is refractory to conventional therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Norimitsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uza
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus