title: Ex vivo promoter analysis of antiviral heat shock cognate 70B gene in Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Anopheles gambiae heat shock cognate gene (hsc70B) encodes a constitutively expressed protein in the hsp70 family and it functions as a molecular chaperone for protein folding. However, the expression of hsc70B can be further induced by certain stimuli such as heat shock and infection. We previously demonstrated that the An. gambiae hsc70B is induced during o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) infection and subsequently suppresses ONNV replication in the mosquito. To further characterize the inducibility of hsc70B by ONNV infection in An. gambiae, we cloned a 2.6-kb region immediately 5' upstream of the starting codon of hsc70B into a luciferase reporter vector (pGL3-Basic), and studied its promoter activity in transfected Vero cells during infection with o'nyong-nyong, West Nile and La Crosse viruses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial deletion analysis of the hsc70B upstream sequence revealed that the putative promoter is likely located in a region 1615-2150 bp upstream of the hsc70B starting codon. Sequence analysis of this region revealed transcriptional regulatory elements for heat shock element-binding protein (HSE-bind), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), dorsal (Dl) and fushi-tarazu (Ftz). Arbovirus infection, regardless of virus type, significantly increased the hsc70B promoter activity in transfected Vero cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results further validate the transcriptional activation of hsc70B during arbovirus infection and support the role of specific putative regulatory elements. Induction by three taxonomically distinct arboviruses suggests that the HSC70B protein may be expressed to cope with cellular stress imposed during infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. skang1@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Seokyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Cheolho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Young S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000524:Alphavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins