title: The effects of inhaled L-methamphetamine on athletic performance while riding a stationary bike: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  L-methamphetamine (the non-abused isomer of methamphetamine) is banned in athletic competition because it may improve athletic performance, but there are no studies assessing its effects on performance. In the United States L-methamphetamine is formulated in the non-prescription Vick's Vapor Inhaler (VVI) nasal decongestant. VVIs sold elsewhere (we used ones from the UK) contain similar inactive ingredients (menthol, camphor and Siberian pine oil) but no L-methamphetamine. This study tested the effects of inhaled L-methamphetamine delivered from a widely available non-prescription product on athletic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 2-session double-blind placebo-controlled study 12 participants (ages 14-17) were dosed with 4 (session 1) and 12 (session 2) inhalations from VVIs with (USA) or without (UK) L-methamphetamine and then performed two 20 minute rides on a stationary bike with rides separated by a 30 minute rest.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was miles travelled during each 20 minute ride. Secondary outcome measures included postride urine toxicology; heart rate and blood pressure before, 1, 5 and 10 minutes postride; energy, performance, endurance, and ability to breathe; and VVI preference. Data were analysed using Excel statistical macros.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After approximately 16 microg L-methamphetamine distance travelled was 5.26 (SD 0.53) miles vs 5.30 (0.55) with placebo; p = 0.81. After approximately 48 microg L-methamphetamine distance travelled was 5.30 (0.51) vs 5.35 (0.43) with placebo; p = 0.85. The approximately 16 microg dose increased systolic blood pressure from 72.6 (4.3) to 79.6 (6.6) mm Hg (p = 0.03) at 5 minutes postride but there were no other differences in outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest doses of inhaled L-methamphetamine probably do not improve athletic performance but do minimally raise diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Pharmacology Lab, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 3555 Cesar Chavez, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. john.mendelson@cpmcri.org.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dufka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendelson
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C009952:camphor, cedar leaf oil, eucalyptus oil, menthol, myristica oil, terebinth oil, thymol drug combination; D008694:Methamphetamine