title: Intracranial teratomas in children: the role and timing of surgical removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the authors report their experience with the surgical treatment of intracranial teratomas with an emphasis on the indications for delayed resection after oncological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 14 children with intracranial teratomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.5 years (range 2 days-18 years), and 11 patients were male. The final histological analysis revealed pure mature teratoma in 5 cases, mixed teratoma with germinoma in 3 cases, and nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor in 6 cases. Thirteen patients underwent tumor resection, and these patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to the timing of surgery. In Group A, 10 patients underwent resection as the primary treatment because no tumor markers were detected in 4 patients, a teratomatous component was revealed on biopsy sampling in 3 patients, and a large tumor volume in 3 patients. In Group B, 3 patients underwent removal of residual pure mature teratoma after oncological treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 8 patients (87.5%) with pure mature teratomas or with mixed teratoma and germinoma are currently alive (mean follow-up of 9 years); the eighth patient died of postoperative meningitis. Two of the 6 patients (33%) with mixed nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors died of tumor progression regardless of the timing of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the belief that microsurgical removal is the only effective treatment for intracranial teratomas. Surgery may be performed as the primary therapy when there is evidence of a noninvasive teratoma, and as a secondary therapy if there is only a partial response to neoadjuvant therapy or if progression is observed in mixed malignant germ cell tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, University of Reims, Reims, France. remynoudel@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noudel
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinchon
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhellemmes
authors.forename: Claude Fabien
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Litré
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rousseaux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013724:Teratoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome