title: Chromium speciation using activated alumina microcolumns and sequential injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A new procedure has been developed for chromium speciation in water by sequential injection analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method involves the online retention of Cr(VI) anionic species and Cr(III) cationic species on alumina microcolumns, prepared by packing activated alumina in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes, followed by selective elution of Cr(VI) with 2 mol l(-1) NH(4)OH and of Cr(III) with 0.2 mol l(-1) HNO(3). Studies were carried out on the effect of retention and elution conditions for both Cr species. The limit of detection values, established as the concentration corresponding to three times the standard deviation of blank measurements divided by the slope of the calibration line, achieved were 42 mug l(-1) for Cr(VI) and 81 mug l(-1) for Cr(III). The relative standard deviation of three independent determination of natural spiked samples were lower than 10% for concentration levels between 0.5 and 2 mg l(-1) of Cr. The developed procedure was applied to the analysis of two effluent sewage waters, and results obtained compared well with those obtained by a batch procedure. Recovery studies on natural spiked samples provided results between 93 and 103% for Cr(VI) and from 100 to 106% for Cr(III) for samples spiked with single species. For samples spiked with both Cr(VI) and Cr(III), the average recoveries varied from 86 to 101% for Cr(VI) and from 91 to 117% for Cr(III).
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 Dr Moliner Street, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marqués
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morales-Rubio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Guardia