title: Identification of residual ischemia, infarction, and microvascular impairment in revascularized myocardial infarction using 64-slice MDCT.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the potential of 64-slice MDCT in characterizing revascularized infarcted myocardium at the cellular and microvascular levels. Pigs (n = 7) underwent 2 h left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion. In acute (2-4 h) and subacute (1 week) infarction, first-pass perfusion (FPP) (1 ml/kg of 300 mg/ml Omnipaque) was performed using a cine (rotation time 60 s/bpm) non-ECG gated sequence (mAS/kV = 100/120). Delayed contrast enhanced images (DE) (mAS/kV = 650/120) were acquired every 2 min for 10 min to determine the kinetics of Omnipaque and to define infarcted myocardium and microvascular impairment (representing microvascular obstruction and/or no- or low-reflow phenomenon). Maximum upslope, maximum attenuation and time to the peak were measured from FPP plots. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium-chloride (TTC) was used to define true infarction in the excised hearts. Hyperenhanced myocardium on DE was measured and compared with TTC. The contrast media caused minor beam hardening and X-ray scatter on FPP. The above-mentioned perfusion parameters significantly differed between remote and acute infarction. Infarcted myocardium showed two patterns of enhancement on DE, hyperenhanced rim representing the perfused infarction and hypoenhanced core representing a microvascular impaired region, with significantly different attenuation. The extent of infarction on DE-MDCT decreased over the course of 1 week and did not differ from TTC. Post-processed FPP semi-quantitative images showed a decline in myocardial blood volume and flow in acute revascularized infarction. In conclusion, modern MDCT has the potential to identify residual ischemia on FPP and microvascular impairment and infarction on DE images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, California 94134-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Andre D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wintermark
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: Maythem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol