title: Repetitive determination of chloride using the circulation of the reagent solution in closed flow-through system.
abstract: The precipitation reaction of silver chloride (AgCl) is carried out in a large amount of ammonia (NH(3)). This makes possible to adopt a closed-loop flow injection (FI) system and to determine chloride repetitively. A solution of 30 mmol l(-1) silver nitrate and 80 mmol l(-1) NH(3) in a single reservoir (250 ml) is continuously circulated through the flow cell at a flow rate of 2.0 ml ml(-1). The chloride containing sample (100 mul) was introduced into this reagent solution by means of six-way valve. AgCl precipitates formed in the sample zone are monitored spectrophotometrically (at 500 nm) in the flow system. After passing through the flow cell, the excess NH(3) in the circulating reagent solution dissolves AgCl precipitates and the stream then returns to the reservoir. Various variables of the FI system were optimized and a study of interfering ions was also carried out. A linear calibration graph was obtained from 3.0 to 30 mg l(-1) chloride. Two hundred repetitive injections of 5.0 mg l(-1) chloride into the circulating reagent solution have shown unchanged base-line and good reproducibility. The method was successfully applied to the determination of chloride in tap, natural and the reference waters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenki
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwadou