The scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the potential for cell protection by functionalized fullerene materials.
We demonstrated that three different types of water-soluble fullerenes materials can intercept all of the major physiologically relevant ROS. C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2), C(60)(OH)(22), and Gd@C(82)(OH)(22) can protect cells against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage, stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduce intracellular ROS production with the following relative potencies: Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)> or =C(60)(OH)(22)>C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2). Consistent with their cytoprotective abilities, these derivatives can scavenge the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide radical anion (O(2)(*-)), singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical (HO(*)), and can also efficiently inhibit lipid peroxidation in vitro. The observed differences in free radical-scavenging capabilities support the hypothesis that both chemical properties, such as surface chemistry induced differences in electron affinity, and physical properties, such as degree of aggregation, influence the biological and biomedical activities of functionalized fullerenes. This represents the first report that different types of fullerene derivatives can scavenge all physiologically relevant ROS. The role of oxidative stress and damage in the etiology and progression of many diseases suggests that these fullerene derivatives may be valuable in vivo cytoprotective and therapeutic agents.
Yin
Jun-Jie
JJ
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Lao
Fang
F
Fu
Peter P
PP
Wamer
Wayne G
WG
Zhao
Yuliang
Y
Wang
Paul C
PC
Qiu
Yang
Y
Sun
Baoyun
B
Xing
Gengmei
G
Dong
Jinquan
J
Liang
Xing-Jie
XJ
Chen
Chunying
C
D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010851:Picrates; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D037741:Fullerenes; D006834:Hydrazines; D008081:Liposomes; D010851:Picrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl