title: Block copolymer nanotemplating of tobacco mosaic and tobacco necrosis viruses.
abstract: This paper examines the interaction between a block copolymer and a virus. A poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer was loaded with nickel, and cast from a selective solvent mixture to form a cylindrical microstructure (PS/P4VP-Ni). The nickel ions were confined within the P4VP block of the copolymer. The binding of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco necrosis virus on microphase-separated PS/P4VP-Ni was examined. A staining technique was developed to simultaneously visualize virus and block copolymer structure by transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed virus particles associated with block copolymer microphase-separated domains, even after extensive washes with Tween. In contrast, virus associated with PS/P4VP block copolymers lacking Ni were readily removed by Tween. The cylinder long axis of the microstructure was oriented using a hot press and a cooled channel die for quenching, resulting in PS/P4VP cylinders that had a strong anisotropic directional preference. When exposed to flowing solutions of TMV, the PS/P4VP-Ni surface exhibited an ability to retain TMV in a partially aligned state, when the direction of flow coincided with the long axis of the PS/P4VP-Ni cylinders. These results suggest that Coulombic interactions provide a robust means for the binding of virus particles to block copolymer surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 1120 Jeong H. Kim Building 225, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cresce
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Culver
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kofinas
mesh_terms: D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D025641:Tobacco necrosis satellite virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011136:Polysorbates; D011145:Polyvinyls; C019535:poly(4-vinylpyridine); D009532:Nickel