Multiple motivational forces contribute to nicotine dependence.
Markou
Athina
A
Department of Psychiatry, M/C 0603, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0603, USA. amarkou@ucsd.edu
Paterson
Neil E
NE
D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D012201:Reward; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*
D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine