title: Hypercoagulability markers in patients with peripheral arterial disease: association to ankle-brachial index.
abstract: Peripheral arterial disease is diagnosed by measuring the ankle-brachial index. Values lower than 0.90 define the disease being usually related to its severity. Patients with peripheral arterial disease may show a hypercoagulability state. The aim of this study was to assess hemostatic variables and to correlate them with the presence of peripheral arterial disease and its severity as assessed by ankle-brachial index values. Plasma levels of D dimer, plasminogen, prothrombin fragment 1+2, plasminogen activator inhibitor and thrombomodulin were measured in 36 patients with peripheral arterial disease (group 1) and 30 without disease (group 2). Significant differences for D dimer, plasminogen, prothrombin fragment 1+2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 between the 2 groups were found (P<0.05). Significant and inverse correlations were also observed (Pearson correlation, P<0.05) between ankle-brachial index values and levels of both plasminogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. Although there was no significant correlation between ankle-brachial index and levels of D dimer, higher D dimer values were observed in patients with lower ankle-brachial index values. The results confirm a trend to hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 seem to be associated with the severity of the disease, considering the inverse correlation between this inhibitor and ankle-brachial index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Lucas
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth Rennó
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Castro Santos
authors.forename: Francisco das Chagas
authors.initials: Fd
authors.lastname: Lima e Silva
authors.forename: Natália Castro
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Schachnik
authors.forename: Marinez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Sousa
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: das Graças Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000032:analysis; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011516:Prothrombin; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D010958:Plasminogen