title: Prospective study comparing the bladeless optical access trocar versus Hasson open trocar for the establishment of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic renal procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To present a single centre prospective randomized study on the use of the bladeless Optiview system (Ethicon Endosurgery, Cincinnati, OH) to create the pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic renal procedures reporting the results with regards safety, efficacy and complications and comparing it with the Hasson open technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly recruited, 27 to the open and 33 to the bladeless group at the Bristol Urological Institute, UK. Time to insertion, time to closure and any intraoperative and postoperative complication related to trocar insertion was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were performed for renal pathology. BMI values were similar in both groups. The mean time to insertion of the 12 mm Hasson and Bladeless trocars were 443 and 125 seconds, respectively (p < 0.0001). The incision in the bladeless group was only closed when the defect exceeded 12 mm (38%) or extended for specimen removal (23%), resulting in a mean time to closure of 203 seconds. In the Hasson group, entry into the abdominal cavity could not be confirmed in two patients (7.4%) due to multiple adhesions. In the Bladeless group, there was one failed placement (3%) requiring conversion to the Hasson technique and two injuries to intraabdominal structures (peritoneal minor bruising, liver injury requiring conversion to open procedure, 6%), There was one incidence of gas leakage (3%). There were no reports of port site herniation at a mean follow up of 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct placement of a bladeless trocar under direct vision in a desufflated abdomen can reduce port placement time when compared to the Hasson technique. The benefits are maximised by using the bladeless trocar for procedures not requiring intact specimen removal. However, despite visualisation of tissue layers, this port cannot prevent serious intra abdominal injuries that can occur in a higher percentage of cases in comparison to the Hasson technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy. andreamine@libero.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pefanis
authors.forename: Francis X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Timoney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult