title: Preventing chronic disease risk factors: rationale and feasibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of the mortality, morbidity, and disability in the United States and other developed countries is due to chronic diseases. These diseases could be prevented to a great extent with the elimination of four root causes: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, smoking, and hazardous drinking. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether efficacious risk factor prevention interventions exist and to examine the evidence that population-wide program implementation is justified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a literature search for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of trials that tested interventions to increase physical activity, improve nutrition, reduce smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and reduce hazardous drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that appropriately designed interventions can produce behavioral change for the four behaviors. Effective interventions included tailored fact-to-face counseling, phone counseling, and computerized tailored feedback. Computer-based health behavior assessment with feedback and education was documented to be an effective method of determining behavior, assessing participant interest in behavior change and delivering interventions. Some programs have documented reduced health care costs associated with intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive results to date suggest that further investments to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of chronic disease risk factor prevention programs are warranted. Widespread implementation of these programs could have a significant impact on chronic disease incidence rates and costs of health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kottke
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003376:Counseling; D015444:Exercise; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D000074606:Smoking Prevention