title: Factors associated with elevated or blunted PTH response in vitamin D insufficient adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with high or low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in relationship to vitamin D insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 516 healthy men and women, aged 30-85, all Caucasians with vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D<45 nmol L(-1)]. The group was divided into quartiles by PTH levels and the highest and lowest quartiles were compared with regard to various factors likely to affect calcium metabolism. We used stepwise multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association between PTH levels and other variables for men and women separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that men in the lowest PTH quartile were significantly younger, had less energy intake, lower body mass index (BMI) and better kidney function compared with the highest PTH quartile. They had also higher ionized calcium, insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) and testosterone and were more likely to smoke. Women within the lowest PTH quartile were younger, had lower BMI and magnesium values and higher IGF1 levels and were more likely to smoke. Stepwise multivariate regression showed that IGF1, testosterone and BMI were significantly associated with PTH in men (R(2)=0.472) but smoking, BMI and kidney function in women (R(2)=0.362).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that during vitamin D insufficiency, factors other than calcium and vitamin D may modify PTH response. These factors may be different between sexes and we have identified novel factors, IGF1 and testosterone in men which may be compensatory in nature and confirmed previous factors such as smoking, BMI and kidney function in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali-University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. gunnars@landspitali.is
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Indridason
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franzson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D013739:Testosterone; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium