title: Use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: a randomised controlled open pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is usually caused by aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from the oropharynx. Oral decontamination with antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine (CHX) or antibiotics, has been used as prophylaxis against this complication. We hypothesised that the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 299 (Lp299) would be as efficient as CHX in reducing the pathogenic bacterial load in the oropharynx of tracheally intubated, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation were randomised to either oral mechanical cleansing followed by washing with 0.1% CHX solution or to the same cleansing procedure followed by oral application of an emulsion of Lp299. Samples for microbiological analyses were taken from the oropharynx and trachea at inclusion and at defined intervals thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potentially pathogenic bacteria that were not present at inclusion were identified in oropharyngeal samples from eight of the patients treated with Lp299 and 13 of those treated with CHX (p = 0.13). Analysis of tracheal samples yielded similar results. Lp299 was recovered from the oropharynx of all patients in the Lp299 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, we found no difference between the effect of Lp299 and CHX used in oral care procedures, when we examined the effects of those agents on colonisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated, mechanically ventilated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Bengt.Klarin@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klarin
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molin
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002710:Chlorhexidine