title: Fasting and postprandial remnant-like particle cholesterol concentrations in obese participants are associated with plasma triglycerides, insulin resistance, and body fat distribution.
abstract: Elevated plasma concentrations of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) are atherogenic. However, factors that determine RLP-C are not fully understood. This study evaluates which factors affect RLP-C in the fasting and postprandial state, using multiple regression analyses in a large cohort of lean and obese participants. All participants (n = 740) underwent a test meal challenge containing 95 energy % (en%) fat (energy content 50% of predicted daily resting metabolic rate). Fasting and postprandial concentrations of circulating metabolites were measured over a 3-h period. Obese participants (n = 613) also participated in a 10-wk weight loss program (-2510 kJ/d), being randomized to either a low-fat or a high-fat diet (20-25 vs. 40-45en% fat). Postprandial RLP-C was associated with fasting RLP-C, waist:hip ratio (WHR), HOMA(IR) (homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance) (P < 0.001), and age, independently of BMI and gender [adjusted R(2) (adj. R(2)) = 0.70). These factors were also related to fasting RLP-C (P < 0.010), along with gender and physical activity (adj. R(2) = 0.23). The dietary intervention resulted in significantly lower fasting RLP-C concentrations, independently mediated by weight loss, improvements in HOMA(IR), and the fat content of the prescribed diet. However, after inclusion of plasma triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, and FFA concentrations in the models, HOMA(IR) and WHR no longer significantly predicted fasting RLP-C, although WHR remained a predictor of postprandial RLP-C (P = 0.002). Plasma TG was strongly associated with both fasting and postprandial RLP-C (P < 0.001). In conclusion, plasma RLP-C concentrations are mainly associated with plasma TG concentrations. Interestingly, the high-fat diet was more effective at decreasing fasting RLP-C concentrations in obese participants than the low-fat diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. anneke.vanhees@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Anneke M J
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Hees
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Geesje M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dallinga-Thie
authors.forename: Gabby B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hul
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stich
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Blaak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000473:pathology; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C112017:remnant-like particle cholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol