title: Female genital cutting: a persisting practice.
abstract: More than 130 million women worldwide have undergone female genital cutting (FGC). FGC occurs in parts of Africa and Asia, in societies with various cultures and religions. Reasons for the continuing practice of FGC include rite of passage, preserving chastity, ensuring marriageability, religion, hygiene, improving fertility, and enhancing sexual pleasure for men. The World Health Organization has classified FGC into 4 types depending on the extent of tissue removed. Immediate complications include hemorrhage, infection, sepsis, and death. Long-term complications include pain, scarring, urinary issues, and poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Efforts are being made nationally and internationally to eradicate this practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Nawal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nour