title: Can an FDG-PET/CT predict tumor clearance of the mesorectal fascia after preoperative chemoradiation of locally advanced rectal cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  More effective preoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer gives rise to a more individualized, conservative surgical treatment strategy. This, however, requires accurate information on tumor response after chemoradiation (CRT). So far, MRI and CT have failed to provide such information. Therefore, the value of a combined FDG-PET/CT in predicting tumor clearance of the mesorectal fascia (MRF) was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 rectal cancer patients with MRF tumor invasion underwent preoperative PET/CT before and on average 6.3 weeks after CRT. The SUV(max)(maximal standard uptake value) on sequential PET/CT and the shortest distance between the outlined tumor volume and the MRF measured by using autocontouring software on post-CRT PET/CT were registered. The surgical specimen was evaluated for tumor clearance of the MRF and the tumor regression grade (TRG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TRG significantly corresponded with the SUV(max)changes induced by CRT (p = 0.025), and showed a trend with the post-CRT SUV(max)(TRG 1-2 vs. TRG 3-5: SUV(max)= 3.0 vs. 5.0; p = 0.06). However, the pathologically verified tumor clearance of the MRF was not correlated with any of the tested SUV parameters nor with the shortest distance between the residual tumor and the MRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-CRT PET/CT is not a useful tool for evaluating anatomic tumor changes and, therefore, not accurate in predicting tumor clearance of the MRF. However, it might be a useful tool in predicting pathologic tumor response after CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. royvliegen@hetnet.nl
authors.forename: Roy F A
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Vliegen
authors.forename: Regina G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Beets-Tan
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanhauten
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oellers
authors.forename: Alfons G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.forename: Geerard L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Beets
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buijsen
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Baardwijk
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Ruysscher
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lammering
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005205:Fascia / Q000473:pathology*; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012984:Software; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil