title: [25 years experience in cerebrospinal shunt. Are new systems better?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the introduction of the first ventricular shunt in 1949, the cerebrospinal shunts are the most used choice for the management of hydrocephalus in children. With the technological advance, systems have been developing increasingly sophisticated. Our aim is to study the incidence of complications after the implantation of these shunts and the variables associated to it.
  
  
  METHODS
  We perform a retrospective study between 1981 and 2006, gathering the patients between 0 and 15 years treated at our Hospital for the placement of a cerebrospinal shunt or as consequence of a problem of the device. We analyze the tipe of shunt (Hakim, Pudentz, Delta, Orbis-Sigma, Strata, Codman), etiology of hydrocephalus, age, immediate and late complications, permanence of the system, changes of the system and cerebrospinal fluid. The qualitative data were analyze by c2 test. We also estimate survival of shunts with Kaplan-Meier stimator and make a multivariant Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 75 patients. The main etiology for hydrocephalous was myelomeningocele, followed by congenital and posthemorrhagic. Most of the patients presented complications of the system in the follow-up. They were adjusted for age, sex, etiology, shunt and surgeon. The variable that had an independent effect for predicting the presence of a complication was the type of shunt, being the most ancient systems those with major survival. The most frequent complication in the immediate period (< 3 month) was the obstruction and infection of the proximal catheter or shunt. Distal catheter disconnection or break prevailed in the late one. We got few functional complications, these were not related with the type of shunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, the shunts with the less short-term probability of complication (< 3 months) have been old simple systems like Hakim and Pudentz. The functional complications, that are those which presumably should be reduced by the new programmable systems, don,t seem do it, neither mean longer survival of the system.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lema
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Somoza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tellado
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pita
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors