title: Maternal parenting stress and its correlates in families with a young child with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate factors predicting parenting stress in mothers of pre-school children with cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty mothers and children participated. Mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the following measures of family functioning: family support, family cohesion and adaptability, coping strategies, family needs and locus of control. Children were assessed using the Griffiths Scales and the Gross Motor Function measure. The child's home environment was assessed using Home Observation for Measuring the Environment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers had higher mean total PSI scores than the means for the typical sample; 43% had total PSI scores above the threshold for clinical assessment. Cluster analysis demonstrated five distinct clusters of families, more than half of whom were coping well. High stress items were role restriction, isolation and poor spouse support, and having a child who was perceived as less adaptable and more demanding. Lower stress items indicated that this sample of mothers found their children emotionally reinforcing and had close emotional bonds. Regression analysis showed that the factors most strongly related to parenting stress levels were high family needs, low family adaptability and cognitive impairment in the child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed the individuality of families, and that individual characteristics of coping and feeling in control, together with family support and cohesion, are associated with variation in amount of stress experienced in parenting a child with cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Building, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool L3 2FT, UK. s.m.glenn@ljmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weindling
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology