title: Malignant orbital schwannoma with massive intracranial recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 62 year old male presented with progressive diplopia, left orbital pain and impairment of visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuroradiological investigation disclosed an orbital tumour. The lesion was totally excised. Histopathology examination revealed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). The tumour recurred with intracranial extension. The patient died 13 months after the initial diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first reported example of a massive intracranial recurrence of an orbital MPNST. The epidemiological features, clinical course and treatment of these lesions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miliaras
authors.forename: Parmenion P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tsitsopoulos
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Asproudis
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsekeris
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polyzoidis
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000209:etiology