title: Influence of caregiving on lifestyle and psychosocial risk factors among family members of patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data have evaluated the relationship between caregiving and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of caregiver strain and to evaluate the association between caregiving and CVD lifestyle and psychosocial risk factors among family members of recently hospitalized CVD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the NHLBI Family Intervention Trial for Heart Health (FIT Heart) who completed a 6-month follow-up were included in this analysis (n = 263; mean age 50 +/- 14 years, 67% female, 29% non-white).
  
  
  METHODS
  At 6 months, standardized information was collected regarding depression, social support, and caregiver strain (high caregiver strain = > or =7). Information on lifestyle risk factors, including obesity, physical activity, and diet, were also collected using standardized questionnaires. Logistic regression models on the association between caregiving and CVD risk factors were adjusted for significant confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of serving as a CVD patient's primary caregiver or caring for the patient most of the time was 50% at 6 months. Caregivers (primary/most) were more likely to be women (81% vs 19%, p < .01), married/living with someone (p < .01), >50 years old (p < .01), have < or = high school education (p < .01), be unemployed (p < .01), get less physical activity (p < .01), and have a higher waist circumference (p < .01) than non-caregivers (some/occasional/none). Mean caregiver strain scores were significantly higher among those with depressive symptoms (p < .01) and low social support (p < .01) in a multivariable adjusted model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregivers of cardiac patients may be at increased risk themselves for CVD morbidity and mortality compared to non-caregivers due to suboptimal lifestyle and psychosocial risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Brooke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult