title: Comparison of patients undergoing enhanced external counterpulsation and spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As more patients survive coronary events, the prevalence of patients with refractory angina pectoris is increasing. The aim was to evaluate the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and compare with optimal medically treated patients with refractory angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  153 patients with refractory angina were treated with either EECP, SCS, or were retained on their pharmacological treatment (control). Glyceryl trinitrate usage and Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification were registered at baseline, 6 and 12 months after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both EECP and SCS reduced the angina as compared with controls (P<0.001). Patients treated with EECP showed a more effective reduction as compared with SCS patients (P<0.05). Both treatments resulted in significantly decreased glyceryl trinitrate usage at 6 and 12 months follow-up (P<0.001). The nitrate consumed was unaltered in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study show that both EECP and SCS therapy reduce angina in patients with refractory angina pectoris; the response to EECP was slightly more effective than that to SCS. Thus, EECP can be used as an alternative treatment for patients not responding to electrical stimulation. The beneficial effects in the treated groups were maintained during the 12 months follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Regional Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden. Susanne.Bondesson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bondesson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdling
authors.forename: Ingalill Rahm
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wackenfors
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edvinsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015908:Counterpulsation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013127:Spinal Nerves; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin