title: Evaluation of molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen and human kallikrein 2 in predicting biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: Most pretreatment risk-assessment models to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer rely on total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason grade. We investigated whether free PSA (fPSA) and human glandular kallikrein-2 (hK2) would enhance the predictive accuracy of this standard model. Preoperative serum samples and complete clinical data were available for 1,356 patients who underwent RP for localized prostate cancer from 1993 to 2005. A case-control design was used, and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between preoperative predictors and BCR after RP. We constructed multivariable models with fPSA and hK2 as additional preoperative predictors to the base model. Predictive accuracy was assessed with the area under the ROC curve (AUC). There were 146 BCR cases; the median follow up for patients without BCR was 3.2 years. Overall, 436 controls were matched to 146 BCR cases. The AUC of the base model was 0.786 in the entire cohort; adding fPSA and hK2 to this model enhanced the AUC to 0.798 (p=0.053), an effect largely driven by fPSA. In the subgroup of men with total PSA<or=10 ng/ml (48% of cases), adding fPSA and hK2 enhanced the AUC of the base model to a similar degree (from 0.720 to 0.726, p=0.2). fPSA is routinely measured during prostate cancer detection. We suggest that the role of fPSA in aiding preoperative prediction should be investigated in further cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wenske
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korets
authors.forename: Angel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guillonneau
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scardino
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastham
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lilja
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000097:blood; D012372:ROC Curve; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen