title: Activation and overexpression of PARP-1 in circulating mononuclear cells promote TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression in patients with unstable angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of unstable angina (UA). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) contributes importantly to regulating the transcription of inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to investigate the relationship of PARP-1 in circulating mononuclear cells (MNCs) and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 in UA patients and to elucidate the mechanism that PARP-1 promotes TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression via NF-kappaB pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty six Braunwald class IIIB UA patients, 25 stable angina patients and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 were determined with ELISA. Circulating MNCs were analyzed for PARP activity, PARP-1 expression and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. MNCs from healthy subjects were cultured to investigate the direct effects of PARP-1 on NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PARP activity and PARP-1 expression in circulating MNCs were increased and positively correlated with plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6, respectively, in UA patients. Spontaneous NF-kappaB activation in MNCs was demonstrated in UA patients. In cultured MNCs from healthy subjects, inhibition of PARP-1 prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Supershift assay demonstrated that PARP-1 was a component of NF-kappaB/DNA complex. Addition of recombinant human PARP-1 protein to nuclear extracts of MNCs significantly increased the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation and overexpression of PARP-1 are demonstrated in circulating MNCs of UA patients. Overexpressed PARP-1 promotes PARP-1/NF-kappaB/DNA complex formation, thereby enhancing the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in circulating MNCs of UA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chong-zhe
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases