title: [Combined transvaginal and transumbilical approach for cholecystectomy with no visible scarring].
abstract: The use of natural orifices for operations in the abdominal cavity (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, or NOTES) could be a conclusive development in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Early in the 1990s we had experiences with posterior colpotomy for removal of specimens in laparoscopic surgery. This is why we use the transvaginal approach in NOTES and combine it with a trocar hidden in the umbilicus. With this technique we could perform cholecystectomy without a visible scar. The operation could become routine also because of the use of our well-known rigid optics and instruments. From June 2007 until April 2008 we operated on 57 patients using this method. All operations finished successfully, and the mean operation time was 54 min. There was one complication. An abscess in the Douglas room had to be evacuated laparoscopically. All other postoperative courses were uneventful. After a minimum follow-up of 3 months, none of the patients had symptoms in the vagina or during sexual intercourse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Orchideenstieg 14, Hamburg, Germany. zornig@ik-h.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zornig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mofid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emmermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: H-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: V Waldenfels
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felixmüller
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult