Vaccinia virus: shedding and horizontal transmission in a murine model.
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been associated with several bovine vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil, affecting cattle and humans. There are no available data about VACV environmental circulation or the role of wildlife in the emergence of an outbreak. Since VACV was isolated from rodents in Brazil, we investigated shedding and transmission of VACV strains in mice. The VACV excretion profile was assessed by PCR and chicken chorioallantoic membrane infection, revealing viral DNA and infectious virus in the faeces and urine of intranasally infected mice. Horizontal transmission was assessed by exposure of sentinel mice to wood shavings contaminated with excrement, to mimic a natural infection. Sentinel mice showed orthopoxvirus antibodies, and VACV DNA and infectious virus were detected in their faeces and intestines, even after six rounds of natural transmission. Together, these data suggest that murine excrement could play a relevant role in VACV spread and transmission, perhaps helping to explain how these viruses circulate between their natural hosts.
Ferreira
Jaqueline Maria Siqueira
JMS
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Abrahão
Jônatas Santos
JS
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Drumond
Betânia Paiva
BP
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Oliveira
Fernando Meireles
FM
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Alves
Pedro Augusto
PA
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Pascoal-Xavier
Marcelo Antônio
MA
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Lobato
Zélia Inês Portela
ZIP
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Bonjardim
Cláudio Antônio
CA
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Ferreira
Paulo César Peregrino
PCP
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Kroon
Erna Geessien
EG
Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D017201:Virus Shedding
D004279:DNA, Viral