title: Characterization of a novel dermatan sulfate with high antithrombin activity from ray skin (Raja radula).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel dermatan sulfate (DS) from the skin of the ray Raja radula with high anticoagulant activity was identified and its monosaccharide composition and anticoagulant mode of action and potency were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DS isolated from the ray skin was identified by chondroitinase treatment and characterized by FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Its anticoagulant activity was checked by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), thrombin generation (TG), heparin cofactor II (HCII) and antithrombin (AT)-mediated inhibition of thrombin. The effects on platelet activation and aggregation were investigated using flow cytometry and aggregometry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemical backbone structures of DS from Raja radula were close to that of DS from porcine intestinal mucosa. However, (1)H NMR indicated that iduronic acid was the major hexuronic acid moiety in the ray skin DS and also suggested that the amount of 2-O-sulfonated iduronic acid was higher in comparison with mammalian DS along with the occurrence of 4-O-sulfonated N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The anticoagulant effect of the ray skin DS was mainly due to the potentiation of thrombin inhibition by HCII but also, although to a lesser extent, by AT and was higher than that of the DS standard. Moreover, it had no effect on platelet activation and aggregation induced by various agonists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether, these results indicated that DS from raja radula skin is an anticoagulant drug of interest potentially useful in anticoagulant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie 04/UR/01-09, Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben Mansour
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhahri
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertholon
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ollivier
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bataille
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ajzenberg
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassine
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jandrot-Perrus
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaubet
authors.forename: Raoui M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Maaroufi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate