title: Leptin transiently antagonizes ghrelin and long-lastingly orexin in regulation of Ca2+ signaling in neuropeptide Y neurons of the arcuate nucleus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism for interactions of leptin with ghrelin and orexin in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) activating neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons during physiological regulation of feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single neurons from ARC of adult rats with matured feeding function were isolated. [Ca2+]i was measured to monitor their activities. The time course of leptin effects on ghrelin-induced versus orexin-induced [Ca2+]i increases in NPY neurons was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of ghrelin or orexin-A at 10(-10) mol/L increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in NPY neurons isolated from the ARC of adult rats. Upon administration of leptin at 10(-14)-10(-12) mol/L, ghrelin-induced [Ca2+]i increases were initially (<10 min) inhibited but later restored, exhibiting a transient pattern of inhibition. In contrast, orexin-induced [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by leptin in a long-lasting manner. Furthermore, a prior administration of leptin inhibited orexin action but not ghrelin action to increase [Ca2+]i.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin counteracted ghrelin effects transiently and orexin effects long-lastingly in NPY neurons. The transient property with which leptin counteracts ghrelin action in NPY neurons may allow the fasting-associated increase in ghrelin levels to activate NPY neurons in the presence of physiological leptin and to stimulate feeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Shigetomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068797:Orexins; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins