title: Low insulin-like growth factor-1 and hypocholesterolemia as mortality predictors in acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 and cholesterol as predictors of acute kidney injury mortality in intensive care unit patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary adult intensive care unit (24 beds).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with acute kidney injury at intensive care unit admission for an 11-month period were considered and a total of 56 patients were admitted in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At intensive care unit admission serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (ng/mL), total cholesterol (mg/dL), albumin (g/dL), transferrin (mg/dL), total lymphocyte count, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle area, and Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment were evaluated. Insulin-like growth factor-1 was significantly lower in nonsurviving as compared with surviving patients (48.5 +/- 24.4 vs. 70.8 +/- 39.9; p = 0.044), as well as cholesterol (80.3 +/- 35.7 vs. 147.4 +/- 53.1; p < 0.001) and albumin (1.9 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.7; p = 0.018). Groups were similar regarding transferrin, lymphocyte, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle area, and subjective global nutritional assessment. A binary logistic regression model based on insulin-like growth factor-1 < or = median (50.6 ng/mL), presence of sepsis, oliguria, and cholesterol < or = median (96 mg/dL) identified insulin-like growth factor-1 (odds ratio = 7.73; 95% confidence interval 1.19-49.87; p = 0.032), sepsis (odds ratio = 7.28; 95% confidence interval 1.29-40.89; p = 0.024), oliguria (odds ratio = 8.7; 95% confidence interval 1.10-68.77; p = 0.040) and cholesterol (odds ratio = 10.94; 95% confidence interval 1.89-63.29; p = 0.008) as independent covariate for death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and cholesterol were clearly related to higher mortality. The close correlation of insulin-like growth factor-1 with nutritional status, its serum stability, and short-half life makes it a suitable candidate for an early and sensitive marker for intensive care unit acute kidney injury mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Emerson Q
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: José P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cipullo
authors.forename: Suzana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Emmanuel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Burdmann
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002784:Cholesterol