title: Age-appropriate early school age neurobehavioral outcomes of extremely preterm birth without severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is an established risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcome, particularly when severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) complicates the neonatal course. Those born <26 weeks gestational age (GA) are at greatest risk, their outcomes poorer than later born ELBW children. Outcomes of GA subgroups of ELBW uncomplicated by severe IVH have not been well described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of those born < and >or=26 weeks for an ELBW cohort treated in a single center with extremely low IVH incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single center retrospective observational cohort study of <or=1000 g survivors born between 1998-2000, using standardized tests of cognition, academic achievement, executive function, attention, language, memory, motor/visual-motor skill, parent and teacher behavioral questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELBW participants (mean age: 6.85+/-0.79) had a mean General Cognitive Ability of 101.4+/-13.05; no significant differences found between <26 weeks (98.19+/-12.48) and >or=26 weeks (102.97+/-13.21) subgroups. No neurocognitive, achievement, or behavioral score was impaired (>or=2 SDs below the normative mean). Subgroup comparisons were nonsignificant after controlling for BW and maternal education, except for >or=26 week advantage for phoneme analysis. Poorer, but low average, performances were found for motor dexterity/coordination, spatial working memory, and selective attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age-appropriate neurocognitive and behavioral function of ELBW survivors suggests outcome may be predicted based on IVH incidence as opposed to birth weight or GA. Factors leading to decreased IVH incidence deserve further study, via single- and cross-center methodologies, to enhance decision-making regarding resuscitation and care of these highly at-risk neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA. ida@isbaron.com
authors.forename: Ida Sue
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Margot Davis
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ahronovich
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gidley Larson
authors.forename: Fern R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Litman
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D012189:Retrospective Studies