Monetary cost of self-reported diet in relation to biomarker-based estimates of nutrient intake in young Japanese women.
OBJECTIVE
All previous studies on monetary diet cost have examined the relationship of monetary cost of self-reported diet to self-reported, rather than biomarker-based, estimates of dietary intake. The present cross-sectional study examined the association between monetary costs of self-reported diet and biomarker-based estimates of nutrient intake.


METHODS
Monetary diet cost (Japanese yen/1000 kJ) was calculated based on dietary intake information from a self-administered, comprehensive diet history questionnaire using retail food prices. Biomarker-based estimates of nutrient intake (percentage of energy for protein and mg/1000 kJ for K and Na) were estimated based on 24 h urinary excretion and estimated energy expenditure.


METHODS
A total of fifteen universities and colleges in Japan.


METHODS
A total of 1046 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-22 years.


RESULTS
Total monetary diet cost showed a significant positive association with biomarker-based estimates of protein, K and Na. Vegetables and fish were not only the main contributors to total monetary diet cost (16.4 % and 15.5 %, respectively) but also were relatively strongly correlated with total monetary diet cost (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.70 and 0.68, respectively). Monetary cost of vegetables was significantly positively associated with all three nutrients, while that of fish showed a significant and positive association only with protein.


CONCLUSIONS
Total monetary cost of self-reported diet was positively associated with biomarker-based estimates of protein, K and Na intake in young Japanese women, and appeared mainly to be explained by the monetary costs of vegetables and fish.
Murakami
Kentaro
K
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Sasaki
Satoshi
S
Takahashi
Yoshiko
Y
Uenishi
Kazuhiro
K
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D017747:Seafood / Q000191:economics; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000191:economics
D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary