title: The Caenorhabditis elegans ing-3 gene regulates ionizing radiation-induced germ-cell apoptosis in a p53-associated pathway.
abstract: The inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors are encoded by five genes in mammals and by three genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. All ING proteins contain a highly conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger. ING proteins are activated by stresses, including ionizing radiation, leading to the activation of p53. ING proteins in mammals and yeast have recently been shown to read the histone code in a methylation-sensitive manner to regulate gene expression. Here we identify and characterize ing-3, the C. elegans gene with the highest sequence identity to the human ING3 gene. ING-3 colocalizes with chromatin in embryos, the germline, and somatic cells. The ing-3 gene is part of an operon but is also transcribed from its own promoter. Both ing-3(RNAi) and ing-3 mutant strains demonstrate that the gene likely functions in concert with the C. elegans p53 homolog, cep-1, to induce germ-cell apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation. Somatically, the ing-3 mutant has a weak kinker uncoordinated (kinker Unc) phenotype, indicating a possible neuronal function.
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Sitar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riabowol
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mains
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001483:Base Sequence; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009154:Mutation; D034622:RNA Interference; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C438244:CEP-1 protein, C elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C459806:ING3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins