title: In vitro model that approximates retinal damage threshold trends.
abstract: Without effective in vitro damage models, advances in our understanding of the physics and biology of laser-tissue interaction would be hampered due to cost and ethical limitations placed on the use of nonhuman primates. We extend our characterization of laser-induced cell death in an existing in vitro retinal model to include damage thresholds at 514 and 413 nm. The new data, when combined with data previously reported for 532 and 458 nm exposures, provide a sufficiently broad range of wavelengths and exposure durations (0.1 to 100 s) to make comparisons with minimum visible lesion (in vivo) data in the literature. Based on similarities between in vivo and in vitro action spectra and temporal action profiles, the cell culture model is found to respond to laser irradiation in a fundamentally similar fashion as the retina of the rhesus animal model. We further show that this response depends on the amount of intracellular melanin pigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Northrop Grumman, Warfighter Concepts and Applications Department, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Foltz
authors.forename: Kurt J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Noojin
authors.forename: Larry E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Estlack
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors