title: A randomized trial to monitor the efficacy and effectiveness by QT-NASBA of artemether-lumefantrine versus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment and transmission control of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many countries have implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the first-line treatment of malaria. Although many studies have been performed on efficacy and tolerability of the combination arthemeter-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), less is known of the effect of these drugs on gametocyte development, which is an important issue in malaria control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this two-arm randomized controlled trial, 146 children were treated with either AL or DP. Both groups received directly observed therapy and were followed for 28 days after treatment. Blood samples were analysed with microscopy and NASBA. In comparison with microscopy NASBA detected much more gametocyte positive individuals. Moreover, NASBA showed a significant difference in gametocyte clearance in favour of AL compared to DP. The decline of parasitaemia was slower and persistence or development of gametocytes was significantly higher and longer at day 3, 7 and 14 in the DP group but after 28 days no difference could be observed between both treatment arms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although practical considerations could favour the use of one drug over another, the effect on gametocytogenesis should also be taken into account and studied further using molecular tools like NASBA. This also applies when a new drug is introduced.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current controlled trials ISRCTN36463274.
authors.affiliation: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT)/Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. p.mens@kit.nl
authors.forename: Petra F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Mens
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Amsterdam
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Versteeg
authors.forename: Sabah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Henk D F H
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schallig
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077611:Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001769:Blood / Q000469:parasitology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D018512:Parasitemia; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021161:Self-Sustained Sequence Replication; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D010879:Piperazines
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000077611:Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; D037621:Artemisinins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005449:Fluorenes; D011804:Quinolines; C039060:artenimol; C034759:piperaquine; D010879:Piperazines