title: Antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. The lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antivirals. In this study, we identified Q7R, which actively inhibited PEDV replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 0.014 microg/mL. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC(50)) of Q7R was over 100 microg/mL and the derived therapeutic index was 7142. Several structural analogues of Q7R, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and catechin, also showed moderate anti-PEDV activity. Antiviral drugs and natural compounds revealed ribavirin, interferon-alpha, coumarin and tannic acid have relative weaker efficacy compared to Q7R. Q7R did not directly interact with or inactivate PEDV particles and affect the initial stage of PEDV infection by interfering of PEDV replication. Also, the effectiveness of Q7R against the other two viruses (TGEV, PRCV) was lower compared to PEDV. Q7R could be considered as a lead compound for development of anti-PEDV drugs to may be used to during the early stage of PEDV replication and the structure-activity data of Q7R may usefully guideline to design other related antiviral agents.
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicines Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Taejon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Choong-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jae-Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Seung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Dur-Han
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; C534349:quercetin 7-rhamnoside; D011794:Quercetin