title: Crohn's disease-a chameleon during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past, women with Crohn's disease (CD) as a risk factor in pregnancy were discouraged from becoming pregnant. Today, by contrast, gestation is medically acceptable in these patients despite several severe complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the course of five female patients with CD requiring surgery during pregnancy and giving birth at our institution between 1998 and 2008. These cases as well as our treatment recommendations for patients wishing to have children and our approaches to the management of complications during pregnancy are discussed in the light of the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three of five women had a preterm delivery (26 to 31 weeks' gestation) with a decreased neonatal weight. Generally, the diagnosis of CD is often delayed and diagnostic errors (four of five women) are not uncommon. The symptoms vary widely and include those typical of pregnancy. Three patients had to have a cesarean and only two patients were able to deliver vaginally. Especially in pregnant patients, the course of the disease is highly variable and difficult to predict. Our experience suggests that patients should be advised to conceive during remission. Indications for surgery in pregnant patients are the same as for nonpregnant women and include perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, and abscess. The advantages of endoscopic surgery also apply to pregnant patients with acute manifestations. A stoma is not a contraindication to vaginal delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Luebeck Medical School, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, Germany. ralf_czymek@web.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Czymek
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Limmer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jungbluth
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roblick
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kujath
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bruch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult