title: Effect of pre-existing malnutrition on growth parameters in HIV-infected children commencing antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth in HIV-infected children generally improves with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Little is known about the effect of pre-existing malnutrition on response to treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively the effect of pre-existing malnutrition on growth of HIV-infected children commenced on ART compared with those without pre-existing malnutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inclusion criteria were children (2 months to 8.5 years) who were commenced on ART. Exclusion criteria were pre-treatment with ART, virological non-responders and co-existing tuberculous infection. Weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) < or =-2 at the initiation of treatment were the criteria for malnutrition. Monthly height and weight measurements were made for 18 months (2007-2008) after initiation of ART. Z scores were used to express changes in standard deviation (SD) units for each of the children at 0 and 18 months of the study using WHO height and weight reference curves for age and gender. The changes in Z score were compared within the groups by paired t-test and in both groups by the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects were grouped as malnourished (G1) and not malnourished (G2) before initiation of treatment. There was a significant increase in HAZ score (mean -0.15, p=0.006) and WAZ score (mean -0.09, p=0.034) in G1 and also HAZ score (mean -0.29, p<0.001) and WAZ score (mean -0.30, p=0.001) in G2. There was a trend toward a significantly greater Z-score change in G2 than in G1 for height (p=0.027) and weight (p=0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HIV-infected children, pre-existing malnutrition may impair nutritional response to ART.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Medicine), Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, India. anuja.bandyopadhyay@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents