title: Transpalatal distraction using bone-borne distractor: clinical observations and dental and skeletal changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this clinical study was to analyze the outcome, complications, and long-term results of transpalatal distraction for the correction of maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) and assess skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes through cephalograms and dental casts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult patients with MTD were treated with a Transpalatal Distractor (Surgi-Tec, Bruges, Belgium). Lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric films and dental casts were taken before surgery and at the end of the consolidation period. The statistical analysis of cephalometric film and dental cast measurements was undertaken with paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraoperative and postoperative problems encountered were damage to the central incisive teeth as a result of vertical osteotomy, wound dehiscence after the latent period, pain during the distraction period, and loosening of the distractor and buccal displacement of the left alveolar segment during the consolidation period. Model analysis showed that the greatest amount of transverse increase was in the premolar region (7.07 mm for first premolar and 7.10 mm for second premolar). Frontal cephalometric analysis indicated that transverse distances increased more at the alveolar level (7.75 mm) than in the maxillary base (5.25 mm) and nasal region (4.3 mm). The asymmetries between the left and right sides in both dental and skeletal expansions were statistically nonsignificant. The changes in the Sella-nasion-point A, Sella-nasion-point B, Sella-nasion and gonion-gnasion angles were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of this study, transpalatal distraction was found to be a clinically effective technique for palatal expansion in adult patients with MTD. However, treatment planning and regular clinical follow-up visits are necessary for long-term clinical success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Günbay
authors.forename: M Cemal
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: Sevtap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Günbay
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.forename: Banu Ozveri
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sezer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery*; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence; D055815:Young Adult