title: Enhancement of the immune responses of mice to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen by CIA07 combined with alum.
abstract: Anthrax is an acute zoonotic disease caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis. B. anthracis spores are highly resistant to environmental degradation and are used as a biological weapon. In this study, we investigated the adjuvant activity of CIA07 to anthrax protective antigen (PA). A/J mice were immunized intraperitoneally once, or twice with a 4-week interval, with recombinant PA alone or combined with alum, CpG1826, or CIA07 as adjuvant, and serum anti-PA IgG antibody responses were measured 4 weeks after each immunization. All three adjuvants significantly enhanced anti-PA IgG antibody titer 4 weeks after the priming and boosting immunizations, and alum gave the highest titer. In order to evaluate the adjuvant activity of CIA07 in the presence of alum, Balb/c mice were immunized 3 times at 1-week intervals with PA in combination with alum, CIA07 or alum plus CIA07, and the immune responses were assessed 2 weeks after the third immunization. The serum anti-PA IgG antibody titer of the CIA07-treated group was 14-fold higher than the group given PA alone, and the coadministration of CIA07 with alum further increased the titer 3.5-fold (P < 0.05). The toxin neutralizing activity of the sera from the mice given the combination of CIA07 and alum was 109-times higher than the animals given PA alone. The mice given CIA07 plus alum also showed a marked increase in the number of IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells among their splenocytes. These data suggest the potential of CIA07 in combination with alum as an adjuvant for the development of a potent anthrax vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hye Kyeong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yang Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kwang Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Na Gyong
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000276:immunology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C534003:CIA07 adjuvant; D016207:Cytokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C041524:aluminum sulfate