title: Negative APCI-LC/MS/MS method for determination of natural persistent halogenated products in marine biota.
abstract: A sensitive and selective method utilizing high performance liquid chromatography coupled to negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-LC/MS/MS) was developed to enable analysis of selected natural persistent organohalogens accumulated in marine biota. The analytes were three methoxylated tetrabromodiphenyl ethers (6-MeO-BDE47, 2'-MeO-BDE68, and 2',6-diMeO-BDE68), a dimethoxylated tetrabromobiphenyl (2,2'-diMeO-BB80), and two halogenated methyl bipyrroles (Cl(7)-MBP and Br(4)Cl(2)-DBP). These products were well resolved on a 150 mm reversed-phase column with methanol as the mobile phase. The fragmentation pathways of the Cl(7)-MBP and Br(4)Cl(2)-DBP produced characteristic multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions. Determination was performed in the MRM mode using phenoxide ion [M-Br+O](-) and product Br(-) ions for MeO-BDE analogues, or the precursor [M-Cl+O](-) to Br(-) ion for Br(4)Cl(2)-DBP, and to C(4)NCl(4)(-) ion for Cl(7)-MBP. The APCI-LC/MS/MS method is acceptable for calibration of the linearity and repeatability of all products studied in the low ng/g (lipid weight) level and with similar sensitivity to the electron ionization (EI)-GC/MS method. The proposed method was applied for quantification of natural organohalogens accumulated in melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) blubber (N = 15) in the Asia-Pacific Ocean. The concentration was positively correlated between different groups of compounds except for 2'-MeO-BDE68. The use of the analytical method based on negative ion APCI-LC/MS/MS would provide a new way for rapid monitoring of halogenated natural products from marine biota, such as sponges or algae.
authors.affiliation: Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan. k-haraguti@daiichi-cps.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atobe
authors.forename: Syohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006219:Halogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014907:Whales / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006219:Halogens