title: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anti-TNF-alpha agents: a reappraisal.
abstract: It has been found that tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the development of drugs targeting this molecule has extended the therapeutical approaches to RA patients. A number of observational studies of large patient series have also been published over the last few years, many of which have been based on national registries designed to monitor the efficacy and safety of anti-TNF agents, and allow healthcare institutions to control expenditure. Registry data can also help in identifying clinical and laboratory findings capable of predicting response. It has been suggested that the percentage of responding patients is lower in everyday clinical practice than that observed in RCTs, possibly because of patient selection, the use of a washout period before inclusion (which may artificially increase disease activity), and differences in doses, co-morbidities and adherence to therapy. A number of safety concerns have been raised since the introduction of anti-TNF agents, and they are now contraindicated in patients with advanced heart failure; however, the most widely debated current issues regard infections and neoplastic diseases. Moreover, the marketing of new and expensive biological agents has made strictly necessary to create systems capable of monitoring their safety and effectiveness in everyday practice, including the use of longitudinal observational studies. As the first published registry of anti-TNFalpha-treated patients in Italy, Lombardy Rheumatology Network (LORHEN) is already making its contribution in this direction.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy. caporali@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caporali
authors.forename: Francesca Bobbio
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Pallavicini
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorla
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchesoni
authors.forename: Ennio Giulio
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Favalli
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarzi-Puttini
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atzeni
authors.forename: Carlomaurizio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montecucco
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016527:Drug Costs; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D000069285:Infliximab; D007558:Italy; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept