title: Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predict cardiovascular events. Since statins lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as well as cholesterol, we hypothesized that people with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels but without hyperlipidemia might benefit from statin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 17,802 apparently healthy men and women with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels of less than 130 mg per deciliter (3.4 mmol per liter) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels of 2.0 mg per liter or higher to rosuvastatin, 20 mg daily, or placebo and followed them for the occurrence of the combined primary end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina, or death from cardiovascular causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial was stopped after a median follow-up of 1.9 years (maximum, 5.0). Rosuvastatin reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 50% and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels by 37%. The rates of the primary end point were 0.77 and 1.36 per 100 person-years of follow-up in the rosuvastatin and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio for rosuvastatin, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.69; P<0.00001), with corresponding rates of 0.17 and 0.37 for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.70; P=0.0002), 0.18 and 0.34 for stroke (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.79; P=0.002), 0.41 and 0.77 for revascularization or unstable angina (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P<0.00001), 0.45 and 0.85 for the combined end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.69; P<0.00001), and 1.00 and 1.25 for death from any cause (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.97; P=0.02). Consistent effects were observed in all subgroups evaluated. The rosuvastatin group did not have a significant increase in myopathy or cancer but did have a higher incidence of physician-reported diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial of apparently healthy persons without hyperlipidemia but with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, rosuvastatin significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00239681.)
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. pridker@partners.org
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: Francisco A H
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Genest
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gotto
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: Alberto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lorenzatti
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: MacFadyen
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Willerson
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides