title: Increased incidence of iron deficiency anemia secondary to inadequate iron intake in institutionalized, young patients with cerebral palsy.
abstract: We observed high incidence of anemia in patients with cerebral palsy sheltered in a specialized institution in Thessaloniki, Greece. Therefore, we decided to investigate its cause. We studied 108 patients, and assessed complete blood cell count, peripheral blood smear, serum iron, ferritin, folate, B12 and the presence of hemoglobin or parasites in the stools. In all cases, anemia was hypochromic and microcytic. Approximately 33% of patients suffered from hypochromic anemia, whereas 38% were iron deficient. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of iron deficiency between different age groups. All tests for fecal occult blood or intestinal parasites were negative. Folic acid and B12 levels were within normal range in all cases. We also found that 87 and 95.6% of patients on liquid diet were anemic and iron deficient, respectively, compared to only 18.8 and 22.3% of patients on normal diet. The high incidence of anemia was attributed to iron deficiency which was secondary to inadequate iron intake and decreased iron absorption. Thus, it would not be irrational to consider iron supplementation as the first measure in such patients and postpone endoscopic procedures for a later stage, unless there are clinical or laboratory findings (such as fecal occult blood) suggestive of gastrointestinal blood loss.
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece. ntaiosgeorge@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ntaios
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaiafa
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Girtovitis
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Zoi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saouli
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Zisis
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kontoninas
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Diamantidis
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savopoulos
authors.affiliation: First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatzitolios
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006115:Greece; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007326:Institutionalization; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron; D014805:Vitamin B 12