title: Effects of provisional acrylic resins on gingival fibroblast cytokine/growth factor expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported that polymerized resin materials may release agents into surrounding tissues. These agents could alter cytokine/growth factor expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that provisional acrylic resins have on cell toxicity and the expression of cytokines/growth factors from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The materials used in this study were chemically activated bis-acryl composite (Chem-Bis), chemically activated polyethyl methacrylate (Chem-PEMA), chemically activated polymethyl methacrylate (Chem-PMMA), and heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate (Heat-PMMA) resins. HGFs were incubated for 72 hours in the presence of eluate from each resin and in the absence of any eluate (negative control). The conditioned media were then collected and stored at -70 degrees C. Cell toxicity was determined using a lactate dehydrogenase method. Cytokine/growth factor expression was examined using cytokine antibody arrays. The experiments were repeated 3 times. The data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, and 1-sample t test (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant cell toxicity observed from the eluates. The cytokine/growth factor expression induced by Chem-Bis was significantly greater than the control for growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) (P<.001), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P=.031), and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF)-beta (P=.009). For Chem-PEMA, the cytokine/growth factor expression was significantly greater than the control for GRO-alpha (P=.022), interleukin (IL)-13 (P=.031), and TNF-alpha (P=.017). The cytokines/growth factors induced by Chem-PEMA were significantly less than the control (P=.008) and Chem-Bis for IL-8 (P=.042). The expression induced by Chem-PMMA was significantly greater than the control for IL-13 (P=.036), IL-1 alpha (P=.003), IL-2 (P=.020), and IL-5 (P=.045). Finally, Heat-PMMA induced significantly greater levels than the control for GRO (P<.001) and IL-13 (P=.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the resins evaluated were nontoxic to the HGFs. There were changes in the cytokine/growth factor levels that were statistically significant, but may not be clinically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry-Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Nawaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Labban
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Nouf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Shibani
authors.forename: L Jack
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Windsor
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C091347:vinyl ethyl methacrylate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate