title: Randomized trial comparing the effects of one set vs two sets of resistance exercises for outpatients with chronic low back pain and leg pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progressive resistance exercises (PRE) are prescribed to reverse the deconditioning associated with chronic back pain. The spine rehabilitation program has utilized 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during each session, with increased resistance between sets, and with successive sessions. Exercise literature has challenged the need for multiple sets of resistance exercises, with a single set producing similar functional benefits. The authors studied whether completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises would affect strength, pain and disability outcomes in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study randomly assigned subjects with CLBP to perform either 1 set or 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during otherwise identical spine rehabilitation programs. The patient sample included 100 subjects (36 male patients, 64 female patients, mean age 46 years) with chronic back pain referred to spine rehabilitation. Primary outcomes were back strength and progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) at discharge. Secondary outcomes were Oswestry disability (0-100) and pain scores (0-10). Exercises consisted of Cybex back extension, rotary torso, pull downs, and multi-hip; lifting of crates from floor-to-waist (lumbar) and waist-to-shoulder (cervical) heights. The maximum levels of exercises were determined using a four repetition to maximum protocol, and the PILE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At discharge, there was no significant difference in strength, disability or pain measures between subjects completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that there were no added benefits for completing a second set of resistance exercises during therapy sessions for patients with CLBP.
authors.affiliation: Spine Center, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute Boston, MA 02120, USA. jlimke@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Limke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rainville
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Childs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010045:Outpatients; D010147:Pain Measurement; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome