title: Bacterial rhamnolipids are novel MAMPs conferring resistance to Botrytis cinerea in grapevine.
abstract: Rhamnolipids produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known as very efficient biosurfactant molecules. They are used for a wide range of industrial applications, especially in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in bioremediation of pollutants. In this paper, the role of rhamnolipids as novel molecules triggering defence responses and protection against the fungus Botrytis cinerea in grapevine is presented. The effect of rhamnolipids was assessed in grapevine using cell suspension cultures and vitro-plantlets. Ca(2+) influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production form part of early signalling events leading from perception of rhamnolipids to the induction of plant defences that include expression of a wide range of defence genes and a hypersensitive response (HR)-like response. In addition, rhamnolipids potentiated defence responses induced by the chitosan elicitor and by the culture filtrate of B. cinerea. We also demonstrated that rhamnolipids have direct antifungal properties by inhibiting spore germination and mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Ultimately, rhamnolipids efficiently protected grapevine against the fungus. We propose that rhamnolipids are acting as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) in grapevine and that the combination of rhamnolipid effects could participate in grapevine protection against grey mould disease.
authors.affiliation: URVVC-EA 2069, Stress, Défense et Reproduction des Plantes, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Varnier
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vatsa
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boudesocque
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Brugger
authors.forename: Fanja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rabenoelina
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: Jean-Hugues
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugin
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baillieul
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorey
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D018749:RNA, Plant; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C418382:rhamnolipid; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium