title: What Latina patients don't tell their doctors: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment a patient receives is greatly affected by what he or she chooses to disclose to a physician. This qualitative study investigated such factors as culture and background that contribute to Latina patients' nondisclosure of medical information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 28 Latina women living in Brooklyn. In-depth interviews in English or Spanish were conducted and documented by extensive notes. We used a grounded theory approach to find emerging themes, which were coded using a continuous iterative process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six primary themes emerged: the physician-patient relationship, language, physician sex and age, time constraints, sensitive health issues, and culture and birthplace. Such qualities as compassion, caring, human interest, and kindness were important to many Latinas, who did not feel safe sharing information if these qualities were absent. Language barriers caused problems with physician-patient interaction, which were complicated by the presence of a translator. Physicians being male or younger could make disclosure difficult, especially around issues of sexuality and genital examination. Time constraints and cultural differences sometimes resulted in physicians' lack of awareness of sensitive areas that patients did not wish to discuss, such as sexuality, family planning, domestic abuse, and use of recreational drugs. Birthplace (foreign born vs US born) played a role in how the women perceived barriers to disclosure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staff training in techniques for building rapport can foster better communication, increase empathy and compassion, and lead to the establishment of trusting relationships in which disclosure is more likely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11220, USA. kjulliard@lmcmc.com
authors.forename: Kell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Julliard
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vivar
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kabak
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003144:Communication Barriers; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012650:Self Disclosure; D035502:Trust; D055815:Young Adult