title: Physical inactivity differentially alters dietary oleate and palmitate trafficking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and diabetes are characterized by the incapacity to use fat as fuel. We hypothesized that this reduced fat oxidation is secondary to a sedentary lifestyle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of a 2-month bed rest on the dietary oleate and palmitate trafficking in lean women (control group, n = 8) and the effect of concomitant resistance/aerobic exercise training as a countermeasure (exercise group, n = 8). Trafficking of stable isotope-labeled dietary fats was combined with muscle gene expression and magnetic resonance imaging-derived muscle fat content analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, bed rest increased the cumulative [1-(13)C]oleate and [d(31)]palmitate appearance in triglycerides (37%, P = 0.009, and 34%, P = 0.016, respectively) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) (37%, P = 0.038, and 38%, P = 0.002) and decreased muscle lipoprotein lipase (P = 0.043) and fatty acid translocase CD36 (P = 0.043) mRNA expressions. Plasma NEFA-to-triglyceride ratios for [1-(13)C]oleate and [d(31)]palmitate remained unchanged, suggesting that the same proportion of tracers enters the peripheral tissues after bed rest. Bed rest did not affect [1-(13)C]oleate oxidation but decreased [d(31)]palmitate oxidation by -8.2 +/- 4.9% (P < 0.0001). Despite a decreased spontaneous energy intake and a reduction of 1.9 +/- 0.3 kg (P = 0.001) in fat mass, exercise training did not mitigate these alterations but partially maintained fat-free mass, insulin sensitivity, and total lipid oxidation in fasting and fed states. In both groups, muscle fat content increased by 2.7% after bed rest and negatively correlated with the reduction in [d(31)]palmitate oxidation (r(2) = 0.48, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While saturated and monounsaturated fats have similar plasma trafficking and clearance, physical inactivity affects the partitioning of saturated fats toward storage, likely leading to an accumulation of palmitate in muscle fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Physiology, and Ethology, Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute, Louis Pasteur University, UMR7178 Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergouignan
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trudel
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Angèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chopard
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Momken
authors.forename: Susanne B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Votruba
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desage
authors.forename: Graham C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Burdge
authors.forename: Guillemette
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gauquelin-Koch
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Normand
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D010168:Palmitates; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D005947:Glucose