title: Child health insurance coverage: a survey among temporary and permanent residents in Shanghai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Under the current healthcare system in China, there is no government-sponsored health insurance program for children. Children from families who move from rural and interior regions to large urban centres without a valid residency permit might be at higher risk of being uninsured due to their low socioeconomic status. We conducted a survey in Shanghai to describe children's health insurance coverage according to their migration status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2005 and 2006, we conducted an in-person health survey of the adult care-givers of children aged 7 and under, residing in five districts of Shanghai. We compared uninsurance rates between temporary and permanent child residents, and investigated factors associated with child health uninsurance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even though cooperative insurance eligibility has been extended to temporary residents of Shanghai, the uninsurance rate was significantly higher among temporary (65.6%) than permanent child residents (21.1%, adjusted odds ratio (OR): 5.85, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.62-7.41). For both groups, family income was associated with having child health insurance; children in lower income families were more likely to be uninsured (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.40-2.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children must rely on their parents to make the insurance purchase decision, which is constrained by their income and the perceived benefits of the insurance program. Children from migrant families are at even higher risk for uninsurance due to their lower socioeconomic status. Government initiatives specifically targeting temporary residents and providing health insurance benefits for their children are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. lu@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Mingshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hude
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003151:Community Health Centers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014505:Urban Population