title: IL-4 inhibits TGF-beta-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-beta, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3(-) effector T cells.
abstract: Transcription factor Foxp3 is critical for generating regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells). Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces Foxp3 and suppressive T(reg) cells from naive T cells, whereas interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibits the generation of inducible T(reg) cells. Here we show that IL-4 blocked the generation of TGF-beta-induced Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells and instead induced a population of T helper cells that produced IL-9 and IL-10. The IL-9(+)IL-10(+) T cells demonstrated no regulatory properties despite producing abundant IL-10. Adoptive transfer of IL-9(+)IL-10(+) T cells into recombination-activating gene 1-deficient mice induced colitis and peripheral neuritis, the severity of which was aggravated if the IL-9(+)IL-10(+) T cells were transferred with CD45RB(hi) CD4(+) effector T cells. Thus IL-9(+)IL-10(+) T cells lack suppressive function and constitute a distinct population of helper-effector T cells that promote tissue inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dardalhon
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galileos
authors.forename: Wenda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsdoerffer
authors.forename: Terry B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elyaman
authors.forename: I-Cheng
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oukka
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kuchroo
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D016906:Interleukin-9; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4