title: Personality in free-ranging Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) males: subjective ratings and recorded behavior.
abstract: The authors obtained behavioral observations and personality ratings for 27 free-ranging Hanuman langur males. Subjects were rated using a questionnaire based on the human Five-Factor Model (FFM). Behavioral observations were taken over 5 months using an ethogram that included 50 behaviors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of ratings revealed Agreeableness_(R), Confidence_(R), and Extraversion_(R) components. Each personality dimension was associated with a unique set of observed behaviors. PCA of 36 behavioral indices revealed Dominance_(B), Involvement_(B), and Activity_(B) components. Bivariate correlations showed that Agreeableness_(R) was negatively correlated with Dominance_(B); Confidence_(R) was positively correlated with Dominance_(B) and Involvement_(B) but negatively correlated with Activity_(B); and Extraversion_(R) was positively correlated with Activity_(B). Dominance rank was positively correlated with Confidence_(R) and Dominance_(B) but negatively correlated with Agreeableness_(R) and Activity_(B). These results highlight the comparability of behavioral coding and personality ratings and suggest that some aspects of personality structure were present in the common ancestor of Old World monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovská 31, Ceské Budĕjovice, Czech Republic. konecnamar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konecná
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lhota
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urbánek
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adamová
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pluhácek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002520:Cercopithecidae / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012930:Social Dominance; D012931:Social Environment; D013045:Species Specificity