title: Left ventricular volume measurement with echocardiography: a comparison of left ventricular opacification, three-dimensional echocardiography, or both with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both contrast enhanced (CE) two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) have been proposed as techniques to improve the accuracy of left ventricular (LV) volume measurements. We sought to examine the accuracy of non-contrast (NC) and CE-2DE and 3DE for calculation of LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF), relative to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 50 patients (46 men, age 63 +/- 10 year) with past myocardial infarction who underwent echocardiographic assessment of LV volume and function. All patients sequentially underwent NC-2DE followed by NC-3DE. CE-2DE and CE-3DE were acquired during contrast infusion. Resting echocardiographic image quality was evaluated on the basis of NC-2DE. The mean LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of the group by MRI was 207 +/- 79 mL and was underestimated by 2DE (125 +/- 54 mL, P = 0.005), and less by CE-2DE (172 +/- 58 mL, P = 0.02) or 3DE (177 +/- 64 mL, P = 0.08), but EDV was comparable by CE-3DE (196 +/- 69 mL, P = 0.16). Limits of agreement with MRI were similar for NC-3DE and CE-2DE, with the best results for CE-3D. Results were similar for calculation of LVESV. Patients were categorized into groups of EF (< or =35, 35-50, >50%) by MRI. NC-2DE demonstrated a 68% agreement (kappa 0.45, P = 0.001), CE-2DE a 62% agreement (kappa 0.20, P = 136), NC-3DE a 74% agreement (kappa 0.39, P = 0.005) and CE-3DE an 80% agreement (kappa 0.56, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CE-2DE is analogous to NC-3DE in accurate categorization of LV function. However, CE-3DE is feasible and superior to other NC- and CE-techniques in patients with previous infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Dhrubo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rakhit
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haluska
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Marwick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media