title: Prenatal benzoate treatment in urea cycle defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with severe urea cycle defects (UCD) metabolic decompensation with hyperammonaemia typically occurs during the first days of life resulting in severe neurological damage or death. Benzoate can eliminate nitrogen independent of the urea cycle. Usually, benzoate is started soon after birth, but prenatal administration might improve metabolic stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of UCD (female: citrullinaemia; male: ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency) were loaded with benzoate prenatally via the placenta by infusing their mothers with benzoate. Benzoate concentrations were measured in umbilical cord blood and the blood of the mothers and their newborns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapeutic concentrations of benzoate were found in umbilical cord blood and in the children's blood. Thus, benzoate transfer across the placenta was demonstrated. Plasma ammonia and glutamine levels in the postnatal period were within the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benzoate infusion of the mother shortly before birth is safe and results in therapeutic levels of benzoate in umbilical cord blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics II, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. das.anibh@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Illsinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oehler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bohnhorst
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Kühn-Velten
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lücke
mesh_terms: D020159:Citrullinemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020163:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D020160:Sodium Benzoate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020160:Sodium Benzoate