title: Self-fertilization is the main sexual reproduction mechanism in native wine yeast populations.
abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic organism for classical genetics and genomics, and yet its ecology is still largely unknown. In this work, a population genetic analysis was performed on five yeast populations isolated from wine-making areas with different enological practices using simple sequence repeats and restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA as molecular markers on 292 strains. In accordance with other studies, genome size estimation suggests that native S. cerevisiae strains are mainly homothallic and diploids. Analysis of mtDNA data showed that yeast populations from nonindustrial areas have 40% higher genetic diversity than populations isolated from industrial areas, demonstrating that industrial enological practices are likely to affect native yeast populations negatively by reducing its biodiversity. On the other hand, genetic differentiation analysis based on their microsatellite showed no correlation between genetic and geographic distance and a nonsignificant value when a Mantel test was applied. Finally, in the five populations studied, positive inbreeding (F(is)) values from 0.4 to 0.75, a low but significant level of linkage disequilibrium and a high number of multilocus genotypes were detected. These results strongly advocate that sexual reproduction is frequent enough to erase clonal signature in natural populations and that self-fertilization is the main mating system.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cubillos
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vásquez
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faugeron
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganga
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D011003:Ploidies; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial