title: Characteristics of a pandemic clone of O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Beira, Mozambique.
abstract: The genetic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2004 and 2005 in Mozambique were assessed in this study to determine whether the pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 serotypes has spread to Mozambique. Fifty-eight V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea patients in Beira, Mozambique, were serotyped for O : K antigens and genotyped for toxR, tdh and trh genes. A group-specific PCR, a PCR that detects the presence of ORF8 of the filamentous phage f237, arbitrarily primed PCR, PFGE and multilocus sequence typing were performed to determine the pandemic status of the strains and their ancestry. All strains of serovars O3 : K6 (n=38) and O4 : K68 (n=4) were identified as a pandemic clonal group by these analyses. These strains are closely related to the pandemic reference strains of O3 : K6 and O4 : K68, which emerged in Asia in 1996 and were later found globally. The pandemic serotypes O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 including reference strains grouped into a single cluster indicating emergence from a common ancestor. The O3 : K58 (n=8), O4 : K13 (n=6), O3 : KUT (n=1) and O8 : K41 (n=1) strains showed unique characteristics different from the pandemic clone.
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansaruzzaman
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ashrafuzzaman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nurul A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ashrafus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safa
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Marcelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Avertino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claire-Lise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chaignat
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: G Balakrish
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Seong
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Ri
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins