title: Results of a retrospective analysis of gemcitabine as a second-line treatment after chemoradiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies of concurrent chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer have been reported with a median survival time of approximately 10 months. Recently, gemcitabine (GEM) has been administered immediately after chemoradiation. The clinical outcome of chemoradiation therapy in conjunction with 5-FU and second-line chemotherapy with GEM after disease progression has not been clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with concurrent radiation therapy (1.8 Gy/fraction; total dose, 50.4 Gy) with 5-FU (200 mg/m(2) every day) until disease progression, followed by GEM (1000 mg/m(2), days 1, 8, 15, and every 4 weeks) as second-line therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 18 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who received chemoradiation therapy with 5-FU, there were three partial responses, giving a response rate of 17%. The median time to progression was 170 days. The median survival time was 443 days. During chemoradiation therapy, the incidences of grade 3 or 4 anorexia, nausea, mucositis, and gastric ulcer were 33%, 22%, 17%, and 17%, respectively. Sixteen patients received second-line chemotherapy with GEM, of whom one patient had a partial response. The median time to progression from the initiation of GEM was 113 days, and median overall survival time was 231 days. Major toxicities were hematological toxicities: grade 3 or 4 leukopenia in 75% and anemia in 31%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment strategy with concurrent chemoradiation and maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU followed by second-line chemotherapy with GEM may be an option for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Divison of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Narikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boku
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukutomi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onozawa
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hironaka
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Keisei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taku
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine