title: TiO2-WO3 composite nanotubes by alloy anodization: growth and enhanced electrochromic properties.
abstract: The present work demonstrates that uniform and highly ordered arrays of TiO(2)-WO(3) nanotubes can be grown by anodization of Ti alloys in an ethylene glycol/fluoride based electrolyte under selected electrochemical conditions. These aligned mixed oxide nanotube structures are highly suitable for enhanced electrochromic reactions; in particular we show that already small amounts of WO(3) (such as 0.2 at%) present in the tube oxide drastically improve the electrochromic properties (contrast, onset potential, cycling stability) of nanotube layer based devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yoon-Chae
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghicov
authors.forename: Doohun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmuki
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004583:Electrons; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D007477:Ions; D010087:Oxides; C009495:titanium dioxide; C511604:tungsten oxide; D014025:Titanium; D014414:Tungsten