title: Differences in prevalence of antibodies to GAD and IA-2 and their titers at diagnosis in children with slowly and rapidly progressive forms of type 1 diabetes.
abstract: We compared the frequencies of antibodies to GAD (GADA) and IA-2 (IA-2A) and their titers at diagnosis in 48 Japanese children with slowly progressive form of type 1 diabetes (SPT1D) and 70 children with rapidly progressive form of type 1 diabetes (RPT1D). High prevalences of both GADA and IA-2A were found at diagnosis in both the patients with SPT1D (70.8% and 75.0%), and those with RPT1D (71.4% and 71.9%). Most patients, regardless of the form of type 1 diabetes, were positive for both antibodies, though 6 of the 9 patients less than 5 years of age were negative for both antibodies. GADA titers below 50 U/ml were significantly more frequent in the patients with SPT1D (79.4% vs. 38.0%, p=0.0002), and titers above 100 U/ml significantly more frequent in those with RPT1D (38.0% vs. 11.8%, p=0.0081). No significant association was noted between the titers of IA-2A and the clinical form of type 1 diabetes. These results suggest that low GADA titers may reflect mild autoimmune destruction of beta-cells with slow disease progression. Titers of IA-2A do not appear to reflect the degree of autoimmune damage of the beta-cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. turakami@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Shouri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mugishima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase