title: Neurophysiology of swallowing: effects of age and bolus type.
abstract: This study examined age-related changes in swallowing from an integrated biomechanical and functional imaging perspective in order to more comprehensively characterize changes in swallowing associated with age. We examined swallowing-related fMRI brain activity and videoflouroscopic biomechanics of three bolus types (saliva, water and barium) in 12 young and 11 older adults. We found that age-related neurophysiological changes in swallowing are evident. The group of older adults recruited more cortical regions than young adults, including the pericentral gyri and inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis and pars triangularis (primarily right-sided). Saliva swallows elicited significantly higher BOLD responses in regions important for swallowing compared to water and barium. In separate videofluoroscopy sessions, we obtained durational measures of supine swallowing. The older cohort had significantly longer delays before the onset of the pharyngeal swallow response and increased residue of ingested material in the pharynx. These findings suggest that older adults without neurological insult elicit more cortical involvement to complete the same swallowing tasks as younger adults.
authors.affiliation: William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Madison, WI, USA. ihumber1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ianessa A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Sterling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porcaro
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosmatka
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hind
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological