title: A glycosylated peptide in the West Nile virus envelope protein is immunogenic during equine infection.
abstract: Using a monoclonal antibody directed to domain I of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope (E) protein, we identified a continuous (linear) epitope that was immunogenic during WNV infection of horses. Using synthetic peptides, this epitope was mapped to a 19 aa sequence (WN19: E147-165) encompassing the WNV NY99 E protein glycosylation site at position 154. The inability of WNV-positive horse and mouse sera to bind the synthetic peptides indicated that glycosylation was required for recognition of peptide WN19 by WNV-specific antibodies in sera. N-linked glycosylation of WN19 was achieved through expression of the peptide as a C-terminal fusion protein in mammalian cells and specific reactivity of WNV-positive horse sera to the glycosylated WN19 fusion protein was shown by Western blot. Additional sera collected from horses infected with Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), which is similarly glycosylated at position E154 and exhibits high sequence identity to WNV NY99 in this region, also recognized the recombinant peptide. Failure of most WNV- and MVEV-positive horse sera to recognize the epitope as a deglycosylated fusion protein confirmed that the N-linked glycan was important for antibody recognition of the peptide. Together, these results suggest that the induction of antibodies to the WN19 epitope during WNV infection of horses is generally associated with E protein glycosylation of the infecting viral strain.
authors.affiliation: Australian Biosecurity CRC for Emerging Infectious Disease, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.|AGEN Biomedical Limited, Acacia Ridge, Queensland, Australia.|School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobson-Peters
authors.affiliation: AGEN Biomedical Limited, Acacia Ridge, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toye
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|Australian Biosecurity CRC for Emerging Infectious Disease, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Katharine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bossart
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|Australian Biosecurity CRC for Emerging Infectious Disease, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Lin-Fa
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Wai Yuen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cheah
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018068:Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley / Q000276:immunology; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D006031:Glycosylation; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006736:Horses; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D010455:Peptides; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C065696:glycoprotein E, Flavivirus