title: The effect of amino-acid infusion during off-pump coronary arterial bypass surgery on thermogenic and hormonal regulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amino-acid (AA) infusions promote thermogenesis and prevent perioperative hypothermia, but the mechanism of action is unknown. We sought to verify the hypothesis that AA infusions stimulate the release of metabolic hormones during surgery and increase energy expenditure, resulting in thermogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive AA (4 kJ x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or saline, which was infused for 2 h during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCABS). Arterial adrenaline, thyroid hormone, insulin, and leptin levels were determined at five defined times during surgery. Oxygen consumption was measured 3 h after the start of infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AA infusion maintained the body core temperature during OPCABS. This effect was accompanied by an increase in oxygen consumption, which depended on increased heart rate. AA infusion prominently stimulated the secretion of insulin and leptin; the insulin level increased rapidly within 2 h after the start of infusion, whereas leptin levels increased gradually over a 6-h period after the start of infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AA infusion significantly increased body core temperature and oxygen consumption during surgery. Given the release of insulin and leptin in response to AA infusion, it is likely that these hormonal signaling pathways may, in part, have contributed to the thermogenic response that occurred during the surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omae
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanmura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D004837:Epinephrine