title: Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on quality of life in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea: data from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that CPAP has a substantial impact on daytime symptoms and quality of life (QOL). It remains unclear which outcome measures best identify real CPAP effects and carry independent information.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred-two men with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea were randomized to either "real" or "sham" CPAP for one month. Outcome measures were subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) and QOL measures includiig SF-36/SF-12 and Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI). The bed partner's QOL and rating of patient's response to CPAP were assessed with the Dublin questionnaire. All data were standardized using effect sizes and expressed as real minus sham to remove the nonspecific effects of placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real CPAP was superior to sham CPAP in almost all outcome measures. ESS, patient's component from Dublin, and social interactions from SAQLI showed the largest differences in effect sizes between real and sham (1.33, 0.98, and 0.92 respectively). ESS carried the highest predictive power of real CPAP response (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.21). Question number 5 from Dublin (partner assessed patient's sleep quality) and question 6 from ESS (dozing while talking) were the best single item predictors of real CPAP response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real CPAP reduces subjective sleepiness and improves QOL of both patients and bed partners. ESS is the best score; question number 5 from Dublin and question number 6 from ESS are the best single item predictors of real CPAP response. This information should allow the selection of appropriate questions in clinical practice and research protocols.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Unit, Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. siccolim@gmx.net
authors.forename: Massimiliano M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Siccoli
authors.forename: Justin C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pepperell
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: Sonya E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Robert J O
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stradling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires