title: Cervical carcinoma in Southern Mexico: Human papillomavirus and cofactors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women with cervical cancer (CC) and normal cervical cytology in the Southern region of Mexico, and to know the contribution of HPV types and cofactors in cervical cancer etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed in 133 women with CC and 256 controls. HPV detection was done by MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR systems and typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism or DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was found in 100% of CC and 35.5% of controls. The genotype distribution in CC was: HPV 16 (66.8%), 18 (9%), 31 (7.5%), 45 (4.5%), 58 (3.7%), 69 (3%), 52 (1.6%), 6, 11, 33, 56, and 67 (0.8% each). Among controls, HPV 33 followed by HPV 16 were the most frequent. Cervical cancer was associated with HPV 16 (OR=573.5), HPV 18 (OR=804.4), and undetermined risk HPV (types 67 and 69) (OR=434.3). Age at first intercourse <16 years (OR=9.6) and > or =3 births (OR=16) were significant risk factors for CC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV 16, by far, is the most frequent type in CC, HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for 75.8% of the CC cases and high-risk HPV for 94.7%, which is useful data to take into account in vaccination programs. HPV 33 is the most frequent type in controls and high-risk HPV are more common than low-risk HPV.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. ibereni@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Illades-Aguiar
authors.forename: Enoc-Mariano
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cortés-Malagón
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Antonio-Véjar
authors.forename: Noelio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamudio-López
authors.forename: Luz Del Carmen
authors.initials: Ldel C
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Romero
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández-Tilapa
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernández-Sotelo
authors.forename: Marco-Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Terán-Porcayo
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flores-Alfaro
authors.forename: Marco-Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leyva-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral