title: The effect of familial aggregation on the children with primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of familial aggregation on the children with PNE by evaluating nocturnal urine output, bladder, and arouse function.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to whether relatives of family of probands over three generations were affected by PNE, forty-five children with familial aggregation PNE (FPNE), seventy children with sporadic PNE (SPNE) and ten children with normal lower urinary tract function but waiting for operation (control group) were included. Questionnaire of arousal from sleep (AS scores), bladder diary and daytime urodynamic studies were performed in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of severe PNE and nonmonosymptomatic PNE in FPNE group were significantly higher than those in SPNE group. The nocturnal urine output and AS scores in both PNE groups was significantly higher, maximal voided volume significantly smaller than those in control group. Moreover, the incidences of small bladder in FPNE group was 44%, significantly higher than that in SPNE group (21%), but no significantly difference was found in nocturnal polyuria and arousal AS scores between two PNE groups. There were 53% patents with daytime detrusor overactivity and 60% patents with urodynamic functional bladder outflow obstruction in FPNE group, significantly higher than those in SPNE group (19% and 37%). Maximum cystometric capacity significantly decreased from control group to FPNE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial aggregation has significant effects on the children with PNE, and FPNE are more likely to be severe symptoms and bladder dysfunction. It would be beneficial to have an urodynamic study for their diagnosis and treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:423-426, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qing Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Qing Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guo Xian
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhen Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui Li
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010375:Pedigree; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics