title: New thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAPcp) flap with capillary perforators for reconstruction of upper limb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flap is not yet popularised because the dominant large muscle perforators are often absent. Even in those cases, small capillary perforators exist around the proximal portion of the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle, and they have a potential of a large skin territory. To overcome the weakness of thoracodorsal artery muscle perforator (TAP-MCp) and septocutaneous perforator (TAP-SCp) flaps, we present a new TAP flap with capillary perforators (TAPcp) flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14 patients with upper-limb defects were repaired with free TAPcp flap. Among them were three combined TAP flaps with vascularised scapula bone flap and eight flow-through flaps. Recipient sites were one axilla, three upper arms, one elbow, two forearms and seven hands. The only postoperative complication was a partial necrosis of the flaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new TAP flap with capillary perforators is very useful for the reconstruction of upper limb. The advantage is easier elevation within short time (does not require intramuscular dissection) with long or short vascular pedicle. The flap can be elevated in a supine position, and even lateral descending branch can be a pedicle vessel. The flap can be a flow-through flap and is less invasive, because the remaining muscle can be preserved along with the motor nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo and Shizuoka Cancer Center, Tokyo and Shizuoka, Japan. koushimai-pla@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koshima
authors.forename: Mitsunaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: Gentaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D002196:Capillaries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult