title: TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-4 levels in healthy sites and sites exhibiting signs of moderate and advanced generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) in the same subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following sites were selected for crevicular fluid sampling in the same AgP subject (n = 14): Healthy sites (HS): no marginal bleeding or bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) <or= 3 mm; Moderate sites (MS): BOP and PD between 4 and 6 mm; Advanced sites (AS): BOP and PD >or= 7 mm. One site from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 13) was sampled for use as a control. TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total amount of TNF-alpha was lower for control sites, while there were no differences among healthy and diseased sites from GAgP subjects (P < 0.05). The concentration of TNF-alpha was higher in HS, in relation to the other sites (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups regarding total amounts of IL-4 (P > 0.05), while IL-4 concentration was significantly higher in control sites, when compared with sites from GAgP subjects (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, high levels of TNF-alpha and low levels of IL-4 were observed in both healthy and diseased sites within the same generalized AgP individuals.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontics, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mestnik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faveri
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000276:immunology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000276:immunology; D011859:Radiography; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4