title: Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We computed probabilities to have multiple double-strand breaks (DSB), which are produced in DNA on a regional scale, and not in close vicinity, in volumes matching the size of DNA damage foci, of a large chromatin loop, and in the physical volume of DNA containing the HPRT (human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model is based on a Monte Carlo description of DSB formation by heavy ions in the spatial context of the entire human genome contained within the cell nucleus, as well as at the gene sequence level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that a finite physical volume corresponding to a visible DNA repair focus, believed to be associated with one DSB, can contain multiple DSB due to heavy ion track structure and the DNA supercoiled topography. A corrective distribution was introduced, which was a conditional probability to have excess DSB in a focus volume, given that there was already one present. The corrective distribution was calculated for 19.5 MeV/amu N ions, 3.77 MeV/amu alpha-particles, 1000 MeV/amu Fe ions, and X-rays. The corrected initial DSB yield from the experimental data on DNA repair foci was calculated. The DSB yield based on the corrective function converts the focus yield into the DSB yield, which is comparable with the DSB yield based on the earlier PFGE experiments. The distribution of DSB within the physical limits of the HPRT gene was analyzed by a similar method as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This corrective procedure shows the applicability of the model and empowers the researcher with a tool to better analyze focus statistics. The model enables researchers to analyze the DSB yield based on focus statistics in real experimental situations that lack one-to-one focus-to-DSB correspondance.
authors.affiliation: The Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA. artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov
authors.forename: Artem L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ponomarev
authors.forename: Sylvain V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D013269:Stochastic Processes
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase