title: Etravirine: the renaissance of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Etravirine is the first non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) to be active against human immunodeficiency virus with NNRTI mutations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the unique features of etravirine and to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and optimal use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The structure and the mechanism of action of etravirine in blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme and the preclinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were reviewed. The DUET Phase III clinical trials and the resistance profile of etravirine were evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etravirine has unique activity against most HIV isolates that are resistant to other NNRTIs. Unlike other NNRTIs, it has a higher genetic barrier to developing high-grade resistance. In the DUET studies, etravirine demonstrated virological efficacy superior to the control arms with comparable rates of adverse events with the exception of rash. Because of its effect on the cytochrome P450 system, there are important drug interactions that will need to be taken into consideration with its use.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1200 NW 195TH Street, Suite 857, Miami, FL 33136, USA. dajayawee@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Dushyantha T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Jayaweera
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C451734:etravirine