Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age.
In 2005 four outstanding multiple burials were discovered near Eulau, Germany. The 4,600-year-old graves contained groups of adults and children buried facing each other. Skeletal and artifactual evidence and the simultaneous interment of the individuals suggest the supposed families fell victim to a violent event. In a multidisciplinary approach, archaeological, anthropological, geochemical (radiogenic isotopes), and molecular genetic (ancient DNA) methods were applied to these unique burials. Using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal markers, we identified genetic kinship among the individuals. A direct child-parent relationship was detected in one burial, providing the oldest molecular genetic evidence of a nuclear family. Strontium isotope analyses point to different origins for males and children versus females. By this approach, we gain insight into a Late Stone Age society, which appears to have been exogamous and patrilocal, and in which genetic kinship seems to be a focal point of social organization.
Haak
Wolfgang
W
Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. wolfgang.haak@adelaide.edu.au
Brandt
Guido
G
de Jong
Hylke N
HN
Meyer
Christian
C
Ganslmeier
Robert
R
Heyd
Volker
V
Hawkesworth
Chris
C
Pike
Alistair W G
AW
Meller
Harald
H
Alt
Kurt W
KW
D000328:Adult; D000883:Anthropology; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002648:Child; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005580:Fossils; D005655:Funeral Rites; D005858:Germany; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012919:Social Behavior; D013325:Strontium Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*
D013325:Strontium Isotopes; D004247:DNA