title: Research of the (E/Z)-isomerization of carotenoids in Pécs since the 1970s.
abstract: Geometrical configuration of the polyene chain of approximately 40 mono- and di-cis carotenoids was determined from 1970 through 1990. Subsequently, the kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters (k, K, A, E(A), DeltaH(#), DeltaG(#), DeltaS(#)) of the reversible thermal isomerization of several symmetrical and unsymmetrical carotenoids were calculated. The rate of the iodine-catalyzed photoisomerization of (all-E)-, (9Z)- and (13Z)-zeaxanthin was compared and the 'specific rate' (per unit light energy at given wavelengths) of the iodine-catalyzed photoisomerization for several (13Z)-carotenoids was investigated. As the missing links of the biosynthetic pathway of paprika-carotenoids, carotenoids containing new end groups were isolated; their sterically unhindered mono-cis isomers were also prepared and their geometrical configuration was determined. The investigation concentrated on the substrate specificity of the enzyme violaxanthin-deepoxidase, the light-induced formation of (13Z)-violaxanthin in green leaves, the binding of xanthophylls to the bulk light-harvesting complex (LHC) of photosystem II in higher plants, the biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in Citrus-fruits and the (9Z)-epoxycarotenoid cleavage enzyme activity for ABA biosynthesis. Recently (9Z)-capsanthin-5,6-epoxide and capsoneoxanthin, two novel carotenoids have been isolated from natural sources.
authors.affiliation: University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Pharmacognosy, H-7624 Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Hungary. Peter.Molnar@aok.pte.hu
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molnár
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007536:Isomerism; D007700:Kinetics; D010777:Photochemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids