title: Urethral dose and increment of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) in transperineal permanent interstitial implant (TPI) of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the factors which influence the acute increment of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) after transperineal permanent interstitial implant (TPI) using (125)I seeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2004 through September 2006, 104 patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer underwent TPI without external-beam irradiation. Median patient age was 70 years with a median follow-up of 13.0 months. 73 patients (70%) received neoadjuvant hormone therapy. The increment of IPSS was defined as the difference between pre- and postimplant maximal IPSS. Clinical, treatment, and dosimetric parameters evaluated included age, initial prostate-specific antigen, Gleason Score, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, initial IPSS, post-TPI prostatic volume, number of implanted seeds, prostate V(100), V(150), D(90), urethral D(max), and urethral D(90). In order to further evaluate detailed urethral doses, the base and apical urethra were defined and the dosimetric parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IPSS peaked 3 months after TPI and returned to baseline at 12-15 months. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation of post-TPI prostatic volume, number of implanted seeds, and the dosimetric parameters of the base urethra with IPSS increment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The base urethra appears to be susceptible to radiation and the increased dose to this region deteriorates IPSS. It remains unclear whether the base urethral dose relates to the incidence of late urinary morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: Kae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Moritoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Kuniji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naoi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010502:Perineum; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D014521:Urethra / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen