title: Comparative study of effectiveness of multiple-daily injections of insulin versus twice-daily injections of biphasic insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of a multiple-daily injection regimen and a twice-daily injection regimen using biphasic insulin, we performed an observational study of 56 insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who began receiving insulin therapy while they were hospitalized. The subjects were divided into two groups: a multiple-daily injection group (n = 33), and a twice-daily injection group (n = 23). At baseline, the demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The HbA1c levels were 10.0 +/- 1.6% and 9.5 +/- 2.2% (p = 0.36), respectively. At 12 weeks, the HbA1c levels decreased equally in the two groups (7.2 +/- 1.8% in the multiple-daily injection group and 7.3 +/- 1.6%, p = 0.80 in the twice-daily injection group). The baseline HbA1c, the duration of diabetes, and the endogenous insulin secretory capacity did not affect the change in HbA1c in either group. These results suggest that twice-daily insulin regimen using biphasic insulin is as effective and beneficial as multiple-daily injection regimen for the treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with very poor glycemic control and that in order to achieve the targeted glycemic goal, insulin therapy should be initiated at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Uru
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nezu
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terauchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin