title: Bladder neck transection for intractable pediatric urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the indications, technique and outcome of a large series of children who underwent bladder neck transection for intractable urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed demographics, operative details, complications and outcomes of 76 patients (47 males, 29 females) who underwent bladder neck closure at our institution between 1996 and 2006. Mean patient age at the time of the procedure was 12 years, 10 months. The most common diagnosis was bladder exstrophy. Of the patients 31 had undergone prior bladder neck reconstruction (30) or sling repair (1). All patients underwent concomitant augmentation and creation of a catheterizable stoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 patients had more than 12 months of followup (mean 44, range 12 to 128). Continence was achieved initially in 86% of the patients (43 of 50). Of the 7 primary failures 2 leaked via the urethra and 5 via the stoma. Six of these patients achieved dryness with revision, for a final continence rate of 98%. A single renal unit suffered significant loss of function during this period. New, nonobstructive hydronephrosis developed in 8 additional renal units. Stones developed in 30% of the patients. There were no spontaneous bladder ruptures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder neck transection in combination with enterocystoplasty and creation of a continent catheterizable stoma is an effective approach to incontinent cases with severely damaged bladder outlets and poor quality bladders in which other reconstructive approaches either have failed or are deemed likely to fail. Specific concerns regarding the risk of poor renal outcomes and perforation seem unwarranted at present.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. tnovak4@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Amirali Hassanzadeh
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Salmasi
authors.forename: Yegappan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
authors.forename: Ranjiv I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods