title: The Valsalva maneuver: screening for drug-induced baroreflex dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many drugs can interfere with baroreflex mechanisms thereby impairing blood pressure control, but few have undergone sufficient testing. The state of affairs may be explained by the lack of simple and inexpensive screening tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eleven healthy men, we tested the hypothesis that a simple Valsalva maneuver could detect drug-induced changes in baroreflex function that have previously been described using more elaborate and invasive methodologies. They performed Valsalva maneuvers after selective pharmacological inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, crossover fashion. Patients with severe autonomic failure served as positive controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NET inhibition profoundly augmented the blood pressure decrease during phase II and attenuated the blood pressure overshoot in phase IV compared with placebo. Furthermore, NET inhibition increased the heart rate response during the Valsalva maneuver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Valsalva maneuver recapitulated complex alterations in baroreflex regulation during NET inhibition. Thus, this simple and inexpensive test could be employed as a screening tool for drug-induced baroreflex dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Medical University Charité, Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heusser
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tank
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.forename: Friedrich C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects; D000077593:Reboxetine; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D000077593:Reboxetine