title: Neonatal immune challenge affects the regulation of estrus cyclicity and feeding behavior in female rats.
abstract: A single immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the neonatal period has a long-lasting influence on immune response. Using female Sprague-Dawley rats, we examined whether neonatal LPS challenge influences the life-long neuroendocrine sensitivity of reproductive function and feeding behavior to LPS, and whether stress-related neuropeptides and their receptors are involved in neonatal LPS-induced physiological change. On day 10 after birth, all pups were injected with LPS (100 microg/kg, i.p.) or saline. Then, in Experiment 1, LPS (100 microg/kg, i.p.) or saline was injected at diestrous in adulthood, and the length of the estrous cycle, 24h food intake and body weight change were recorded. In Experiment 2, the mRNA expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN), urocortin 2 (UCN2), CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1) and CRH receptor type 2 (CRH-R2) in the hypothalamus were measured using real-time PCR. LPS injection in adulthood prolonged the estrous cycle in neonatal LPS-injected rats. LPS injection in adulthood decreased food intake and body weight in both neonatal LPS- and saline-injected rats, more so in the latter. Basal expressions of UCN2 and CRH-R2 mRNA were higher in neonatal LPS-injected rats than in saline-injected rats. These findings indicate that neonatal immune challenge influences the anti-stress regulation of the estrous cycle and feeding behavior in adulthood. Increased expression of UCN2 and CRH-R2 might enhance the sensitivity of the estrous cycle in suppressing the effects of LPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. takeshi1@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Riyo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irahara
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013995:Time; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D054832:Urocortins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D054832:Urocortins; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone