title: Evidence for cattle major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) class II DQA1 gene heterozygote advantage against clinical mastitis caused by Streptococci and Escherichia species.
abstract: Mastitis is an inflammatory response of the mammary gland to irritation, injury, or infectious agents and is a major problem in the dairy industry. We genotyped bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA)-DRB3 and BoLA-DQA1 genes in 120 Holstein cattle with clinical mastitis and 85 randomly selected Holstein cattle in Japan by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing. The mastitis cattle were divided into four groups according to the bacterial species that caused the mastitis (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Escherichia, and coagulase-negative staphylococci). The BoLA-DRB3 and BoLA-DQA1 heterozygosity of each group was compared with that of the control cattle, while the expected heterozygosities based on Hardy-Weinberg proportions and the observed heterozygosities for each locus were compared for each group. The Escherichia-induced and Streptococci-induced mastitis groups showed significant differences between their expected and observed heterozygosities with regard to their BoLA-DQA1 genes. No differences were observed for any group with regard to the BoLA-DRB3 genes. We then found that two BoLA-DQA1 alleles promoted susceptibility to Streptococci-induced mastitis, namely BoLA-DQA1*0101 and BoLA-DQA1*10012 and that the homozygous BoLA-DQA1*0101/0101 and BoLA-DQA1*10011/10011 genotypes promoted susceptibility to mastitis caused by Streptococci and Escherichia, respectively. This is the first report showing that heterozygosity of the BoLA-DQA1 gene is associated with resistance to mastitis progression.
authors.affiliation: Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aida
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004925:Escherichia; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007564:Japan; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus
chemical_list: C098096:BoLA-DQA antigen; C423282:BoLA-DRB3 antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II