title: Establishment and characterization of 4 new human pancreatic cancer cell lines: evidences of different tumor phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic cancer still remains a challenge for its biological complexity and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Establishing new pancreatic cancer cell lines is therefore of paramount importance to clarify its biology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established and characterized 4 new pancreatic cancer cell lines (PP78, PP109, PP117, and PP161) according to their genetic (K-Ras, TP53, CDKN2A, and MADH4; DNA fingerprinting; karyotype), cytostructural (cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19 vimentin, and ezrin), and functional profiles (doubling time; migration assay).
  
  
  RESULTS
  K-Ras, TP53, and CDKN2A gene alterations were detected in all 4 of them. Each cell line had a unique DNA profile revealed by DNA fingerprinting. A complex karyotype with numerous structural and numeric chromosomal abnormalities was present in each cell line. All 4 cell lines showed positivity for cytokeratins 7, 8, and 18. All but PP78 expressed cytokeratin 19, whereas vimentin was expressed only in PP117 and PP78 cells. A different ezrin cellular distribution was noticed in PP78 and PP117, being mostly located at membrane ruffles. This peculiar distribution was associated with the strongest migratory capability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results seem to confirm the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma heterogeneity; in fact, the same genetic abnormalities (K-Ras, TP53, and CDKN2A) may have different effects on tumor biology depending on cellular differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical, Regional Referral Center for Pancreatic Diseases Treatment, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. b.chifenti@dottoratooncologia.pisa.it
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chifenti
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zavaglia
authors.forename: Domenico A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Coviello
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerneri
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paffetti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masetti
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Locci
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertacca
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capodanno
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collecchi
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campani
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: Generoso
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Andrea O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Cavazzana
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005260:Female; D019942:Genes, p16; D016158:Genes, p53; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D014746:Vimentin; D007633:Keratins