title: [Three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary protraction of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effective rule of protraction in different directions,strains, and shifts of maxillary bone,and to supply the scientific data for treatment of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  " Based on the establishment of 3-dimensional finite element model of maxilla with cleft lip and palate,ANSYS 10.0 software was used to simulate protraction,and then we analyzed the change of maxillary stress and shift in the same force of traction in different directions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With 500 g per lateral protraction and the protraction angle from 20 degree to 45 degree,the maxillary shifted upward, forward, and outward, and the shape of maxillary plate bow showed internal shrinkage. There was a close relation between the internal shrinkage and the direction of protraction. The smaller the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the larger the internal shrinkage of tooth bow. The larger the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the smaller the internal shrinkage of tooth bow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With protraction,the maxilla grows upward, forward, and outward, and the maxillary palate shinks internally. There is a close relation between the direction of protraction and the range of internal shrinkage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. lyh8484123@126.com
authors.forename: Yong-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xin-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: Bi-qiao
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000628:therapy*; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000502:physiology*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000628:therapy