title: FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that the primary acupuncture effects are mediated by the central nervous system. However, specific brain networks underpinning these effects remain unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study using fMRI, we employed a within-condition interregional covariance analysis method to investigate functional connectivity of brain networks involved in acupuncture. The fMRI experiment was performed before, during and after acupuncture manipulations on healthy volunteers at an acupuncture point, which was previously implicated in a neural pathway for pain modulation. We first identified significant fMRI signal changes during acupuncture stimulation in the left amygdala, which was subsequently selected as a functional reference for connectivity analyses. Our results have demonstrated that there is a brain network associated with the amygdala during a resting condition. This network encompasses the brain structures that are implicated in both pain sensation and pain modulation. We also found that such a pain-related network could be modulated by both verum acupuncture and sham acupuncture. Furthermore, compared with a sham acupuncture, the verum acupuncture induced a higher level of correlations among the amygdala-associated network.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that acupuncture may change this amygdala-specific brain network into a functional state that underlies pain perception and pain modulation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Processing Group, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China. wei.qin@ia.ac.cn
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Baixiao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: von Deneen
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009434:Neural Pathways; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*