title: Sprouty 2 regulates DNA damage-induced apoptosis in Ras-transformed human fibroblasts.
abstract: We have reported that expression of Sprouty 2 (Spry2) is necessary for tumor formation by HRas(V12)-transformed fibroblasts. We now report on the role of Spry2 in the inhibition of UV(254 nm) radiation-induced apoptosis in HRas(V12)-transformed human fibroblasts. Silencing Spry2 in this context resulted in increased apoptosis, associated with decreased Akt activation and decreased phosphorylation of HDM2 at Ser-166, which has been shown to stabilize HDM2. As a consequence, when cells with silenced Spry2 were UV-irradiated, they exhibited diminished levels of HDM2 and elevated levels of p53. In agreement with these findings, overexpression of Spry2 in the parental non-transformed fibroblasts led to increased Akt activation and to the stabilization of HDM2. It also led to diminished expression of p53 and decreased apoptosis following UV irradiation. Silencing Spry2 in HRas-transformed cells decreased Rac1 activation, but independent expression of Spry2 in the non-transformed parental cells had no effect on Rac1, suggesting a specific involvement in the activation of Rac1 by Ras. Silencing Spry2 in HRas(V12)-transformed cells resulted in diminished interaction between HRas and Tiam1, a Rac1-specific nucleotide exchange factor. Expression of constitutively active Rac1 in cells with silenced Spry2 partly reversed the effect of Spry2 down-regulation. Furthermore, loss of Spry2 expression in HRas(V12)-transformed cells augmented the cytotoxicity of the DNA-damaging, chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, a process that was also reversed by active Rac1. Together, these data show that Spry2 inhibits apoptosis in response to DNA damage by regulating Akt, HDM2, and p53, by a process mediated partly by Rac1.
authors.affiliation: Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1302, USA.
authors.forename: Piro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lito
authors.forename: Bryan D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mets
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Appledorn
authors.forename: Veronica M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: J Justin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; C485561:SPRY2 protein, human; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D002945:Cisplatin