title: A validated lip fullness grading scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop the Lip Fullness Grading Scale for objective quantification of lip volume for a reliable assessment and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-point photonumeric rating scale was developed to objectively quantify fullness of upper and lower lip separately. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects, twice, separately for upper and lower lip. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement between the experts was high. Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the fullness of the upper and lower lip for which patients commonly seek correction. This scale is well stratified, with low intra- and interrater variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. alastair@carruthers.net
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Bhushan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hardas
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goertelmeyer
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rzany
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerscher
authors.forename: Timothy Corcoran
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pooth
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Ulli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Simone-Korbel
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buchner
mesh_terms: D004954:Esthetics / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results