title: MRI monitoring of cartilage repair in the knee: a review.
abstract: Various treatment options for deep cartilage defects are presently available. The efficacy of bone marrow stimulation with microfracture, of mosaicplasty and of various autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques has been subject to numerous studies recently. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained a major role in the assessment of cartilage repair. The introduction of high-field MRI to clinical routine makes high resolution and three-dimensional imaging readily available. New quantitative MRI techniques that directly visualize the molecular structure of cartilage may further advance our understanding of cartilage repair. The clinical evaluation of cartilage repair tissue is a complex issue, and MR imaging will become increasingly important both in research and in clinical routine. This article reviews the clinical aspects of microfracture, mosaicplasty, and ACI and reports the recent technical advances that have improved MRI of cartilage. Morphological evaluation methods are recommended for each of the respective techniques. Finally, an overview of T2 mapping and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage in cartilage repair is provided.
authors.affiliation: MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Domayer
authors.forename: Götz H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dorotka
authors.forename: Tallal C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mamisch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlovits
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szomolanyi
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trattnig
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media