title: Assessment of antioxidative activity of extract from fermented grain food mixture using chemical and cellular systems.
abstract: Fermented food is a rich source of antioxidants and micronutrients with the potential to prevent various human diseases. The increasing evidence indicates that in addition to its direct action, radical-scavenging antioxidants may modulate the cellular antioxidant system such as glutathione. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Antioxidant Biofactor (AOB) extracts, a mixture of commercially available fermented grain food by using chemical and cellular experimental systems. In the former system, the total radical scavenging capacity was assessed from the bleaching of pyranine and pyrogallol red that is induced by free radicals generated from an azo initiator. In this assay system, the radical scavenging capacity per gram of AOB was estimated to be 95 micromol. On the other hand, the cytoprotective effect of AOB was also investigated on the basis of PC12 cell death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. In this cellular system, AOB extract exhibited a cytoprotective effect only when the cells were pretreated with AOB. This pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of cellular glutathione as well as regulator of glutathione synthesis, such as the cystine/glutamate exchange transport system (xCT). This evidence suggests that AOB possesses both direct and indirect antioxidant activities to cope with oxidative insults.
authors.affiliation: Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yasukazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001190:Arylsulfonates / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001190:Arylsulfonates; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011748:Pyrogallol; D016627:Oxidopamine; D002784:Cholesterol; D005978:Glutathione; C005047:pyranine