title: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium states in microfluidic double emulsions.
abstract: We describe experimental and theoretical studies dedicated to establishing the physics of formation of double droplets in microfluidic systems. We show that the morphologies (complete engulfing, partial engulfing, and nonengulfing) obtained at late times minimize the interfacial energy of the system. We explain that nonequilibrium morphologies generated in the system can have long lifetimes. Remarkably, the physics of formation of the double droplets with microfluidics allows the synthesis of particles with new morphologies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire MMN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pannacci
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruus
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartolo
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Etchart
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hennequin
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willaime
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tabeling