title: The relationship between recreational gambling and substance abuse/dependence: data from a nationally representative sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although recreational gambling is prevalent and co-occurs with substance abuse/dependence, few studies have investigated the relationship between the two.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from a nationally representative sample from the Gambling Impact and Behavior Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substance-abusing recreational gamblers, as compared to non-substance-abusing ones, differed in gambling motivations, began gambling at earlier ages, reported heavier gambling, and preferred and performed strategic forms of gambling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with non-substance-abusing gamblers, substance-abusing gamblers demonstrated different gambling profiles including heavier gambling. These findings suggest the need for additional research on whether and how substance use might promote gambling and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. timothy.liu@yale.edu
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult