title: Brachial amyotrophic diplegia (segmental proximal spinal muscular atrophy) associated with HIV infection.
abstract: Several forms of motor neuron disease occurring in association with HIV infection have been described. Segmental proximal spinal muscular atrophy or brachial amyotrophic diplegia, a rare segmental variant of motor neuron disease with isolated bilateral upper extremity weakness, has previously been described in a single case report. We describe a patient who is HIV-seropositive presenting with this phenotype and illustrate novel findings on MRI of the cervical cord, consisting of focal atrophy and T2 hyperintense signal change involving the anterior grey matter. Additionally, a number of differences compared with patients without HIV presenting with this motor neuron disease variant are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Private Bag X3, Tygerberg Hospital / Stellenbosch University, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. fhenning@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hewlett
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000150:complications