title: Advances in craniofacial surgery.
abstract: The past 10 years have witnessed many advances in craniofacial surgery. Advances in surgical techniques, such as distraction osteogenesis and endoscopic procedures, combined with refinements in surgical equipment, such as resorbable plating and distractors, have improved surgical outcomes, while minimizing morbidity. Technological advances in 3-dimensional imaging, computer simulation, and intraoperative navigation facilitate diagnosis, preoperative planning, and surgical execution. Rising cases of deformational plagiocephaly owing to increased supine infant sleep positioning necessitated the development of appropriate diagnosis and treatment and the avoidance of unnecessary surgery. A greater understanding of the genetic basis of craniofacial disorders has allowed better preoperative assessment and counseling. Finally, efforts to develop better bone graft substitutes with gene therapy and nanotechnology are ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Central New York Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. tatums@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Sherard A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tatum
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Losquadro
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome