title: Embolization therapy of bone metastases from epithelial thyroid carcinoma: effect on symptoms and serum thyroglobulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective embolization therapy (SET) has been employed to treat a number of malignant tumors, but experience with its use in metastatic epithelial thyroid carcinoma (ETC) is limited. Here we report our experience with the effect of SET on symptoms and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in patients with bone metastases from ETC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 13 patients with bone metastases from ETC who underwent 65 embolizations for bone metastases in 43 sessions. In the treated patients, symptoms considered related to bone metastases were compared before and about 4-7 weeks after the embolization session. Embolization sessions were excluded for analysis if concomitant therapy had taken place within 4-7 weeks before and/or after the session. Serum Tg concentrations were employed as an index of tumor debulking by SET. We attempted to estimate the influence of SET on survival time in patients with disseminated ETC who did, and an historical control group of patients with disseminated ETC who did not receive SET.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusion of 12 (of which 3 sessions failed) out of 43 sessions, clinical symptoms, such as pain, and neurological symptoms decreased after 17, increased after 6, and did not change after 8 procedures. In 43 sessions, 20 of which were excluded (including the 3 sessions that failed), serum Tg decreased after 14 and increased after 9. The median standardized survival time of the group that received embolization was not significantly different to that of the group that did not receive embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization therapy does not appear to improve life expectancy, but in selected patients can achieve palliation of pain, prevent neurological damage, reduce tumor burden, and give devascularization of the tumor before surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Margriet M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: Adrienne C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Persoon
authors.forename: Pieter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gravendeel
authors.forename: John T M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Plukker
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: Thera P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Links
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D013954:Thyroglobulin