title: Development and performance of a two-step desflurane-O(2)/N(2)O fresh gas flow sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the previously described single-step O(2)/N(2)O fresh gas flow (FGF) sequence could be combined with a simple desflurane vaporizer (F(D)) sequence to maintain the end-expired desflurane (F(A)des) at 4.5% with the anesthesia delivery unit machine (ADU Anesthesia Machine(R); General Electric, Helsinki, Finland).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium, a large teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 ASA physical status I and II patients requiring general endotracheal anesthesia and controlled mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 18 patients undergoing general anesthesia with controlled mechanical ventilation, F(D) was determined to maintain F(A)des at 4.5% with O(2)/N(2)O FGF of two and 4 L per minute for three minutes and 0.3 and 0.4 L per minute thereafter. Using the same FGF sequence, we prospectively tested the F(D) schedule that approached this observed F(D) pattern with the fewest possible adjustments in another 24 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  F(D) of 6.5% for 15 minutes followed by 5.5% thereafter approximated the observed F(D) course well. When it was prospectively tested, the median (25th, 75th percentiles) performance error was -1% (-5.1%, 5.2%); absolute performance error, 7.1% (3.9%, 9.5%); divergence, -6.6% per hour (23.1%, 3.1%/h); and wobble, 2.2% (1.8%, 3.2%). Because F(A)des increased above 4.9%, F(D) was decreased in 5 patients after 23 minutes (0.5% decrement once or twice); in two patients, F(D) was temporarily increased. In one patient, FGF was temporarily increased because the bellows volume became insufficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One O(2)/N(2)O rotameter FGF setting change from 6 to 0.7 L per minute after three minutes and one desflurane F(D) change from 6.5% to 5.5% after 15 minutes maintained anesthetic gas concentrations within predictable and clinically acceptable limits during the first 20 minutes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium. jcnwahendrickx@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jan F A
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: Bram B C
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Dewulf
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Mey
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deloof
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Cooman
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Wolf
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide