title: Duplication of 7q34 in pediatric low-grade astrocytomas detected by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotype arrays results in a novel BRAF fusion gene.
abstract: In the present study, DNA from 28 pediatric low-grade astrocytomas was analyzed using Illumina HumanHap550K single-nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays. A novel duplication in chromosome band 7q34 was identified in 17 of 22 juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and three of six fibrillary astrocytomas. The 7q34 duplication spans 2.6 Mb of genomic sequence and contains approximately 20 genes, including two candidate tumor genes, HIPK2 and BRAF. There were no abnormalities in HIPK2, and analysis of two mutation hot-spots in BRAF revealed a V600E mutation in only one tumor without the duplication. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the 7q34 copy number change and was suggestive of a tandem duplication. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing revealed a fusion product between KIAA1549 and BRAF. The predicted fusion product includes the BRAF kinase domain and lacks the auto-inhibitory N-terminus. Western blot analysis revealed phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein in tumors with the duplication, consistent with BRAF-induced activation of the pathway. Further studies are required to determine the role of this fusion gene in downstream MAPK signaling and its role in development of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: Hakon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakonarson
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Judkins
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Leslie N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Phillip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: Tamim H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Jaclyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Biegel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf