title: Movement disorders associated with complex regional pain syndrome in children.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to review the history, clinical course, treatment, and outcome of movement disorders in children and young people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Case notes were reviewed retrospectively of children and young people who presented with movement disorders in CRPS to our tertiary paediatric pain service over a period of 13 years. Ten children with CRPS presented with movement disorders (eight females, two males). The age at first presentation with symptoms of CRPS ranged from 8 to 15 years (mean 11 y 2 mo, median 13 y). The most common movement disorder was dystonia (n=8), followed by tremors (n=3) and myoclonus (n=3); two patients had all three movement disorders. The movement disorder affected mainly the lower limb (n=9) with a predilection for the foot (n=7) and was frequently initiated by minor trauma (n=7). Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 14 years. The outcome was variable, with good prognosis in nearly half of the cases: four children experienced complete resolution of symptoms. Two children showed a slight improvement. Four children showed no improvement. Movement disorders in CRPS are under-recognized in children. The management has to be multidisciplinary with an expertise in paediatric pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Shakti K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rittey
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Harrower
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Santosh R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mordekar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004421:Dystonia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome