title: Favorable glycemic response of type 2 diabetics to low-calorie cranberry juice.
abstract: Fruit and vegetable intake is typically low for type 2 diabetics, possibly due to a perceived adverse effect on glycemic control. Cranberry juice (CBJ) may represent an attractive means for increasing fruit intake and simultaneously affording positive health benefits. This single cross-over design compared metabolic responses of type 2 diabetics (n= 12) to unsweetened low-calorie CBJ (LCCBJ; 19 Cal/240 mL), carbohydrate sweetened normal calorie CBJ (NCCBJ; 120 Cal/240 mL), isocaloric low-calorie sugar water control (LCC), and isocaloric normal calorie sugar water control (NCC) interventions. CBJ flavonols and anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins were quantified with HPLC, LC-MS, and MALDI-TOF that includes an original characterization of several large oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Blood glucose peaked 30 min postingestion after NCCBJ and NCC at 13.3 +/- 0.5 and 12.8 +/- 0.9 (mmol/L), and these responses were significantly greater than the LCCBJ and LCC peaks of 8.1 +/- 0.5 and 8.7 +/- 0.5, respectively. Differences in glycemic response remained significant 60 min, but not 120 min postingestion. Plasma insulin values 60 min postingestion for NCCBJ and NCC interventions were 140 +/- 19 and 151 +/- 18 (pmol/L), respectively, and significantly greater than the LCCBJ and LCC values of 56 +/- 10 and 54 +/- 10; differences were not significant 120 min postingestion. Metabolic responses within the 2 high and 2 low-calorie beverages were virtually identical; however, exposure to potentially beneficial nutrients was greater with CBJ. Relative to conventionally sweetened preparation, LCCBJ provides a favorable metabolic response and should be useful for promoting increased fruit consumption among type 2 diabetics or others wishing to limit carbohydrate intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA. twilson@winona.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Limburg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vorsa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin