title: Comparison of the efficiency and toxicity of sonoporation with branched polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfection in various cultured cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate transfection efficiency and safety for gene delivery by sonoporation in comparison with cationic polymer gene carrier branched polyethylenimine (BPEI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cDNA expressing VEGF(165) was cloned under chicken beta-actin promoter. The plasmid DNA was transfected into the CHO, HEK293, and NIH3T3 cells using microbubble-based sonoporation and BPEI (25 kDa) under various conditions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the expressed protein level. Cytotoxicities of transfection methods were compared by Cell Counting Kit-8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 MHz intensity, transfection efficiency of sonoporation was enhanced by microbubble concentration with no detrimental effects. By contrast, BPEI exacerbated cell viability, despite its high transgene expression efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonoporation gene therapy might be the safest technique to be used in actual clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hye S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tae K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Mi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Minhyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Byung D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Jeong H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D006224:Cricetinae; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D011094:Polyethyleneimine