title: Encouraging the installation of rollover protective structures in New York State: the design of a social marketing intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing the percentage of rollover protective structure (ROPS) equipped tractors has been the focus of many agricultural safety campaigns. Traditionally efforts have attempted to persuade farmers through education or community awareness interventions. These efforts have lead to marginal change. In response, a social marketing approach was tested as a means for increasing interest in ROPS retrofitting in New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  An initial phone survey was conducted with a random sample of New York farmers to identify a potential target population. Following target selection, in-depth interviews were conducted to isolate barriers and motivators to retrofitting. This information was used to develop message prototypes which were tested in small focus group discussions. Selected and revised messages, as well as various other incentives developed in response to feedback from interviews, were then tested in a prospective, quasi-randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small crop and livestock farms were selected as the intervention target since they represent 86% of New York farms with none or only one ROPS protected tractor. Barriers to retrofitting which were identified in interviews were: 1) constant exposures normalize risk, 2) risk is modeled by significant others and 3) safety in general and retrofitting in particular requires too much time and money. The piloting of ROPS incentives led to a marked increase in ROPS sales in New York.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social Marketing provides a promising framework for the design of agricultural injury prevention programs. The potential implications for other health initiatives seeking to promote behaviour change are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, Cooperstown, New York 13326, USA. jsorensen@nycamh.com
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Ronne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostby-Malling
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehmen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenlund
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinehall
authors.forename: Lars W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Einehall
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emmelin
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000329:Advertising; D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation; D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000191:economics; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D009518:New York; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*