title: Vision- and health-related quality of life before and after vision restoration training in cerebrally damaged patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine if improvements of stimulus detection performance in visual field tests after intensive visual training of the visual field border zone in patients with visual field defects are associated with changes in self-reported vision- and health-related quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a clinical sample of 85 patients suffering from visual field loss after brain damage that underwent repetitive, daily light stimulation (vision restoration training, VRT) of the visual field border and the blind visual field for up to 75 hrs (N=16) or 150 hrs (N=69). Stimulus detection was quantified in the central visual field with a campimetric method before and after intervention. Health-related QoL was assessed by the Health-Survey SF-36 and vision-related QoL by the 39-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both vision- and health-related QoL measures improved after VRT. Significant increases were found in 8 out of 12 NEI-VFQ and 3 out of 8 SF-36 subscales. Of the 85 participants 6% showed a decrease in stimulus detection performance, 42% showed an increase of less than 5% detected stimuli, 24% showed an increase of 5-10% detected stimuli and 28% of more than 10% detected stimuli. Changes in campimetric stimulus detection rates were related to NEI-VFQ subscales point differences general vision (3 points), difficulty with near vision activities (4 points), limitations in social functioning due to vision (4 points) and driving problems (12 points). There was no relation of visual field changes to changes in SF-36 component and subscale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NEI-VFQ is a valuable measure of self-reported visual impairment in patients with visual field defects. Stimulation of the visual field by training may lead to improvements of vision-related QoL which were correlated with the extent of visual field enlargements.
authors.affiliation: Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany. Carolin.Gall@med.ovgu.de
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gudlin
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindig
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlueter
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jobke
authors.forename: Gabriele H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Bernhard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sabel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology