title: Inflammatory cytokine gene variants in coronary artery disease patients in Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abundant evidence supports the central role of inflammatory cytokines in immune responses mediating the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and its complications, such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and TNF-alpha with the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease in 26 patients with stable angina, 45 patients with unstable angina and 58 patients who had experienced nonfatal myocardial infarction. Genotyping was performed by the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in the frequencies of -174G/C IL-6 alleles was observed, with the low in-vitro producing -174*C allele predominating in patients with myocardial infarction, compared with stable angina and unstable angina patients, after the analysis of genotypes (P=0.024 and 0.022, respectively), phenotypes [P=0.0099, odds ratio (OR)=0.271, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.1012-0.7292; P=0.03, OR=0.40, respectively] and haplotypes (P=0.007, OR=3.028, 95% CI=1.347-6.806; P=0.0096, OR=2.368, 95% CI=1.262-4.444; respectively). In addition, a predominance of the -1082ACC/ATA IL-10 genotype in the myocardial infarction group compared with the unstable angina group and the -874 A/A IFN-gamma genotype in the stable angina group compared with the unstable angina and the myocardial infarction group, was found. No significant differences in the distribution of genotypes, phenotypes and haplotypes in the three study groups, for the TNF-alpha-308 A/G and TGF-beta1-codon 25 G/C, codon 10 T/C polymorphisms were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide evidence that the IL-6-174G/C polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, contributing to genetic susceptibility for myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. nassoseft@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manginas
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsiavou
authors.forename: Antigoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaidaroglou
authors.forename: Grigorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giamouzis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Degiannis
authors.forename: Demosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Dennis V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006115:Greece; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma