title: All-cause mortality after drug-eluting stent implantation in African-Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have questioned the safety of drug-eluting stents because of a higher incidence of late stent thrombosis, raising the possibility that drug-eluting stents may be associated with an increased mortality. The effect of drug-eluting stents on mortality in African-Americans is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 628 African-American patients (354 patients treated with drug-eluting stents and 274 patients treated with bare metal stents) between January 2003 and August 2005, using data from our bolus-only platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor database. The primary end point was all-cause mortality obtained using social security death index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 3+/-0.9 years, the mortality rate in the bare metal stents group was 12.8% compared with 7.1% in the drug-eluting stents group [adjusted P value=0.19; hazard ratio (HR) for bare metal stents group compared with drug-eluting stents group for death=1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-2.4]. In a subgroup analysis, patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome had a higher mortality when treated with bare metal stents compared with drug-eluting stents (17.1 vs. 6.3%, P=0.022; HR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.4). Patients with chronic kidney disease (all patients with creatinine >1.5 mg/dl) also had a higher mortality with bare metal stents compared with drug-eluting stents (36.7 vs. 20.4%, P=0.044; HR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.02-5.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug-eluting stents seem to be safe in African-Americans and may improve survival in certain subgroups such as patients with acute coronary syndromes and chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York 11203-2098, USA.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poludasu
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavusoglu
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marmur
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals