title: Effects of N on plant response to heat-wave: a field study with prairie vegetation.
abstract: More intense, more frequent, and longer heat-waves are expected in the future due to global warming, which could have dramatic ecological impacts. Increasing nitrogen (N) availability and its dynamics will likely impact plant responses to heat stress and carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. This field study examined the effects of N availability on plant response to heat-stress (HS) treatment in naturally-occurring vegetation. HS (5 d at ambient or 40.5 degrees C) and N treatments (+/-N) were applied to 16 1 m(2) plots in restored prairie vegetation dominated by Andropogon gerardii (warm-season C4 grass) and Solidago canadensis (warm-season C3 forb). Before, during, and after HS, air, canopy, and soil temperature were monitored; net CO2 assimilation (P(n)), quantum yield of photosystem II (Phi(PSII)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), and leaf water potential (Psi(w)) of the dominant species and soil respiration (R(soil)) of each plot were measured daily during HS. One week after HS, plots were harvested, and C% and N% were determined for rhizosphere and bulk soil, and above-ground tissue (green/senescent leaf, stem, and flower). Photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE) and N resorption rate (NRR) were calculated. HS decreased P(n), g(s), Psi(w), and PNUE for both species, and +N treatment generally increased these variables (+/-HS), but often slowed their post-HS recovery. Aboveground biomass tended to decrease with HS in both species (and for green leaf mass in S. canadensis), but decrease with +N for A. gerardii and increase with +N for S. canadensis. For A. gerardii, HS tended to decrease N% in green tissues with +N, whereas in S. canadensis, HS increased N% in green leaves. Added N decreased NRR for A. gerardii and HS increased NRR for S. canadensis. These results suggest that heat waves, though transient, could have significant effects on plants, communities, and ecosystem N cycling, and N can influence the effect of heat waves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Heckathorn
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mainali
authors.forename: E William
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D031722:Andropogon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D017753:Ecosystem; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D036624:Solidago / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen