title: [Effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on C6 glioma cell proliferation and differentiation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the growth inhibition and cellular differentiation of C6 glioma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human glioma C6 cells were treated with 5 mg/L ATRA,and the inhibition of cell growth was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The differentiation of C6 cells was determined by flow cytometry, microscopy,transmission electron microscope, and immunohistochemical technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of ATRA could result in the growth inhibition of C6 cells, and the cell density significantly decreased(P<0.01). The cell cycle distribution was changed, G0/G1 phase was prolonged, and cells at S phase decreased(P<0.01). The C6 glioma cells displayed normal fibroblast-like morphology under the microscope before the induction, and the ATRA-treated C6 cells became slightly long, turned into round in the middle, and had protrusions at both ends. The ATRA-treated C6 cells did not display obvious apoptosis by flow cytometry(P>0.05).Whereas, early apoptosis was observed under the transmission electron microscope, the vacuoles increased, the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were abundant in the cytoplasm, and the cellular structures tended to be normal.The expression of glial fibrillaryacidic protein in C6 cells increased in the treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATRA can inhibit the proliferation, and induce the differentiation of C6 glioma cells.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Song-qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ming-hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yan-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yun-lian
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Xiao-ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gui-yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014212:Tretinoin