title: Viruses and kidney disease: beyond HIV.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may acquire new viral co-infections; they also may experience the reactivation or worsening of existing viral infections, including active, smoldering, or latent infections. HIV-infected patients may be predisposed to these viral infections owing to immunodeficiency or risk factors common to HIV and other viruses. A number of these affect the kidney, either by direct infection or by deposition of immune complexes. In this review we discuss the renal manifestations and treatment of hepatitis C virus, BK virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 in patients with HIV disease. We also discuss an approach to the identification of new viral renal pathogens, using a viral gene chip to identify viral DNA or RNA.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1268, USA. waldmanm@niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: Meryl
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whitby
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral