title: Gender and site of injection do not influence intensity of hypertonic saline-induced muscle pain in healthy volunteers.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine whether the same stimulus to different muscles results in comparable pain and whether gender has any influence on the pain. We compared the quality and intensity of muscle pain induced by a hypertonic saline injection into the tibialis anterior (leg) muscle to that after an injection into the lumbar erector spinae (back) muscle in both male (n=10) and female (n=10) volunteers. Hypertonic or isotonic saline was injected into the leg and back muscles and pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) and pain quality (McGill Pain Questionnaire) were measured. Pressure pain tolerance around the site of injection and on the contralateral side was measured. Hypertonic saline injection induced significant muscle pain in the back and leg compared to isotonic saline (P<0.05, ANOVA). The site of injection did not influence the quality of pain but there was a gender bias in the descriptive words chosen (chi(2) test, P<0.05) and female subjects were more sensitive to pressure than male subjects. Experimentally induced muscle pain is equivalent in intensity and quality in the leg and back muscle. Gender does not influence muscle pain intensity but does influence sensitivity to pressure and the description of pain.
authors.affiliation: Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa. isa.loram@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loram
authors.forename: Elienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic