title: Calcifying nanoparticles associated encrusted urinary bladder cystitis.
abstract: Encrusted cystitis is a subtype of chronic cystitis characterized by multiple calcifications in the form of plaques located in the interstitium of the urinary bladder mucosa and frequently associated with mucosal ulcers. It is a very rare disease of controversial etiology. Our transmission electron microscopy of the calcified plaques of encrusted cystitis has revealed that the smallest formed particles (elementary units) of these calcifications are electron-dense shells surrounding an electron lucent core, diagnostic of calcifying nanoparticles (previously called nanobacteria). We pioneer the notion that calcifying nanoparticles are the causative agents of encrusted urinary bladder cystitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, CAMC, Memorial Hospital, 3200 MacCorkle Avenue, Charleston, WV 25304, USA. tomislav.jelic@camc.org
authors.forename: Tomislav M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jelic
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.forename: Uzay
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: Shayna B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tomchin
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Serrato
authors.forename: Samuel G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deem
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Ho-Huang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000648:ultrastructure*