title: Dietary cod protein reduces plasma C-reactive protein in insulin-resistant men and women.
abstract: Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, we showed that cod protein (CP) improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary CP compared with those of other animal proteins on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, lipids, and lipoproteins in insulin-resistant subjects. Nineteen Caucasian men and women aged 40-65 y, overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)), and insulin resistant, rotated in a crossover design and consumed a CP diet and a similar diet containing lean beef, pork, veal, eggs, milk, and milk products (BPVEM) for 4 wk each. Diets differed only in protein source and thus provided equivalent amounts of dietary fibers, monounsaturated fat, PUFA [including (n-3) fatty acids], and SFA. Blood samples were collected before and after each experimental diet. Notably, the CP diet decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; P = 0.021), whereas the BPVEM diet tended to increase it (P = 0.063), leading to a significant difference between diets (P = 0.041). Changes in plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and adiponectin concentrations did not differ between diets. Plasma total cholesterol (P = 0.0007), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.014), and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.005) were reduced only by the BPVEM diet. Thus, changes in total cholesterol differed between diets (P = 0.040), whereas changes in LDL cholesterol (P = 0.052) and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.075) tended to differ. Changes in all other lipids and lipoproteins did not differ between diets. Therefore, these results show that CP can lower hsCRP, a marker of inflammation associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marois
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: Réjeanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gougeon
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holub
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003060:Cod Liver Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D048388:Gadiformes; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D029941:Fish Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D003060:Cod Liver Oil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein