title: Parenting and parental anxiety and depression as predictors of treatment outcome for childhood anxiety disorders: has the role of fathers been underestimated?
abstract: A substantial percentage of children with anxiety disorders do not respond adequately to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Examination of parental factors related to treatment outcome could contribute to a further understanding of treatment outcome responses. This study investigated the predictive value of paternal and maternal emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, anxiety, and depression for CBT outcome in clinic-referred anxious children (ages 8-12). Levels of maternal emotional warmth, paternal rejection and anxiety, and depressive symptoms predicted treatment success and failure. A higher level of maternal emotional warmth was associated with a less favorable treatment outcome. Higher levels of paternal rejection, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were consistently associated with a less favorable treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. liber@curium.nl
authors.forename: Juliette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liber
authors.forename: Brigit M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van Widenfelt
authors.forename: Arnold W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Goedhart
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Utens
authors.forename: Adelinde J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Leeden
authors.forename: Monica T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: Philip D A
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Treffers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome