Local anesthetics, antipsychotic phenothiazines, and cationic surfactants shut down intracellular reactions through membrane perturbation in yeast.
High osmolarity and glucose deprivation cause rapid shutdowns of both actin polarization and translation initiation in yeast. Like these stresses, administration of local anesthetics and of antipsychotic phenothiazines caused similar responses. All these drugs have amphiphilic structures and formed emulsions and permeabilized the cell membrane, indicating that they have the same features as a surfactant. Consistently with this, surfactants induced responses similar to those of local anesthetics and phenothiazines. Benzethonium chloride, a cationic surfactant, showed a more potent shutdown activity than phenothiazines, whereas SDS, an anionic surfactant, transiently depolarized actin without inhibiting translation initiation, suggesting that a cationic charge in the amphiphile is important to the shutdown of both reactions. The clinical drugs and the cationic surfactants at low concentrations caused shutdown without membrane permeabilization, suggesting that these compounds and stresses activate shutdown, via perturbation rather than disruption of the cell membrane.
Uesono
Yukifumi
Y
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Araki
Tomoyuki
T
Toh-E
Akio
A
D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
D000777:Anesthetics; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010640:Phenothiazines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents