title: Comparison of atherosclerotic indicators between cardio ankle vascular index and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic pulse wave velocity has been used for evaluating atherosclerosis. Recently, the development of the volume plethysmographic method has made it possible to easily measure the index of the pulse wave velocity. The brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio ankle vascular index are used for estimating the extent of atherosclerosis. The diagnostic usefulness of these indexes in predicting coronary artery disease was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The brachial ankle pulse wave velocity, the cardio ankle vascular index, and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured in 696 patients who had chest pain and underwent coronary angiography. Measurement values of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity were compared with those of cardio ankle vascular index in terms of the baseline covariates and the number of major coronary vessels involved (vessel disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brachial ankle pulse wave velocity was significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure but not with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The cardio ankle vascular index was correlated only with age and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The average of both brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio ankle vascular index values was greater in 3 vessel disease group than in 0 vessel disease group. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease was significantly higher in the cardio ankle vascular index than in the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (area under the curve +/- standard error: 0.691 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.584 +/- 0.026; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a means of estimating the extent of atherosclerosis in large arteries, our results show that both brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio ankle vascular index are useful and that cardio ankle vascular index may have some advantages in its application to patients taking blood pressure-lowering medication because of the minimum effect of blood pressure on its measurement values. The cardio ankle vascular index has increased performance over brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in predicting the coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. horinaka@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horinaka
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iemua
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010701:Phonocardiography; D010991:Plethysmography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein