title: Brain-mapping techniques for evaluating poststroke recovery and rehabilitation: a review.
abstract: Brain-mapping techniques have proven to be vital in understanding the molecular, cellular, and functional mechanisms of recovery after stroke. This article briefly summarizes the current molecular and functional concepts of stroke recovery and addresses how various neuroimaging techniques can be used to observe these changes. The authors provide an overview of various techniques including diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), ligand-based positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) PET and SPECT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Discussion in the context of poststroke recovery research informs about the applications and limitations of the techniques in the area of rehabilitation research. The authors also provide suggestions on using these techniques in tandem to more thoroughly address the outstanding questions in the field.
authors.affiliation: Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eliassen
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Boespflug
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamy
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allendorfer
authors.forename: Wen-Jang
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jerzy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Szaflarski
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation