title: Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, is considered a possible cause of halitosis. Recently, the oral cavity was identified as a possible H. pylori reservoir, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease, which is a cause of halitosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate by PCR the prevalence of oral H. pylori in the saliva of subjects complaining of halitosis. Samples were obtained from 326 non-dyspeptic subjects, comprising 251 subjects with actual malodour and 75 subjects without halitosis. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the presence of H. pylori and periodontopathic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia was examined by PCR. H. pylori was detected in 21 (6.4 %) of 326 samples. The methyl mercaptan concentration and periodontal parameters including tooth mobility, periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and occult blood in the saliva were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Each of the periodontopathic bacteria was also detected at a significantly higher frequency in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Among those patients with a PPD of > or =5 mm and a tongue coating score of < or =2, no difference was observed in oral malodour levels between the H. pylori-positive and -negative subjects. However, the presence of occult blood in the saliva and the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. H. pylori was detected in 16 (15.7 %) of 102 subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that progression of periodontal pocket and inflammation may favour colonization by this species and that H. pylori infection may be indirectly associated with oral pathological halitosis following periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuo
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hisama
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichizo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirofuji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial