title: Heavy metal toxicity of kidney and bone tissues in South Australian adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus).
abstract: Metallothioneins (MT) concentration, renal damage, and bone malformations were investigated in 38 adult Tursiops aduncus carcasses to determine any associations with cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury, lead and selenium. Significantly higher concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the liver were observed in dolphins showing evidence of more advanced renal damage. No significant differences in metal or selenium concentrations in the liver were observed between groups differing in level of bone malformations. Some dolphins displayed evidence of toxicity and knowledge of metal toxicity pathways were used to elucidate the cause of these abnormalities. Two dolphins had high metal burdens, high MT concentrations, renal damage, and evidence of bone malformations, indicating possible severe and prolonged metal toxicity. One dolphin showed evidence of renal damage, but the lack of any other symptoms suggests that this was unlikely to be caused by metal toxicity. We recommend examining a range of metal toxicity symptoms simultaneously to aid in distinguishing metal toxicity from unrelated aetiologies.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Trish.lavery@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: Trish J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lavery
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seuront
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D013021:South Australia; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein