title: Biomonitoring of exposure to environmental pollutants in newborns and their parents in Madrid, Spain (BioMadrid): study design and field work results.
abstract: In Spain environmental surveillance has mainly relied on measures of selected pollutants in air, water, food and soil. A study was conducted in Madrid to assess the feasibility of implementing a surveillance system of exposure among the general population to specific environmental pollutants, using bio-markers. The project was basically focused on the environment surrounding newborns. Hence, the study population was made up of 145 triplets of pregnant women at around 8 months' gestation, their partners, and newborns from two areas, representing the two main types of urban environments in the region, i.e., the City of Madrid and its outlying metropolitan belt. Multiple biologic substrates were collected from each participant in order to assess the most suitable samples for an environmental surveillance system. The selected contaminants represent the main agents to which a population like that of Madrid is exposed every day, including certain heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as micronuclei in peripheral blood, a commonly used unspecific index of cytogenetic damage. In addition, passive air samplers were placed around subjects' place of residence. This paper reports in detail on the design and response rates, summarizes field work results, and discusses some lessons learned.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. naragones@isciii.es
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragonés
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gómez
authors.forename: Jenaro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Astray
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Meixeira
authors.forename: Concha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iriso
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Santos
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: Mario Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: América
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de León
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Sagredo
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollán
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López-Abente
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frutos García
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011634:Public Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants