title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in Illinois.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Illinois and associated risk factors to document emerging problems as a basis for preventive and/or therapeutic interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2005 Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were analyzed for prevalence rates and relative risk (RR) of risk factors for MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Illinois.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative sample of 5077 noninstitutionalized Illinoisans aged > or = 18.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, angina, and obesity; adequate fruit/vegetable intake; adequate daily physical activity; routine consumption of calcium-rich foods; smoking; and demographic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence, chi-square, RR, and analyses of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS prevalence was 16.2%. The RR for MS was 8 for those having diabetes; 20 for those with hypertension; 14 for those with hypercholesterolemia; 6 for those with angina; and 7 for those with obesity. Fruit/vegetable intake did not significantly influence the RR (RR = 1.01), but RR was greater when calcium-rich foods were not routinely consumed (RR = 1.61) and with inadequate physical activity (RR = 1.85). MS prevalence was highest in those over 65 years; with incomes < $15,000; and among Blacks. Differences among those with one through five indicators of MS were not significant for fruit/vegetable intake, but were for physical activity, age group, income, and education level (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal that MS prevention should be emphasized for lower-income, older Blacks. Increasing physical activity and calcium-rich foods are areas for community-based education.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 S. Dorner Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. reppert@illinoisalumni.org
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reppert
authors.forename: Bruce F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapman-Novakofski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult