title: Kidney disease in HIV-positive children.
abstract: Before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, more than 40% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children experienced renal complications. In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 2.1 million children are infected with HIV-1. In the absence of antiretroviral therapy, young African children frequently died of AIDS-related complications before renal diseases could be manifested or diagnosed. As antiretroviral therapy has become more available, and their survival has increased, our experience in treating kidney disease in HIV-infected children has improved. This article discusses relevant clinical and pathologic findings related to kidney disease in HIV-infected children.
authors.affiliation: Red Cross Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mignon I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Patricio E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents