title: Influence of immunosuppression and effect of hepatitis C virus on new onset of diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New-onset posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM), with an incidence of 10% to 30%, increased graft and patient morbidity and mortality. Such causal factors as age, obesity, therapy, immunosuppression, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) contribute to this disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the incidence of PTDM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) concentration in transplant recipients to define the causal variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 127 patients. Patients with pretransplantation diabetes and those with less than 6 months of follow-up were excluded. A descriptive observational study to assess the association between PTDM and IFG and the immunosuppression therapy used was performed by monitoring the potential confounding variables of age, obesity, and HCV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During mean follow-up of 73.7 months (range, 7-120 mo), 93 patients received cyclosporine A (CyA) and 34 received tacrolimus (Tac) therapy. Thirty patients (23.6%) developed PTDM or IFG including 15 (16%; PTDM, six IFG, nine) in the CyA group and 15 (PTDM, seven; IFG, eight) in the Tacrolimus group (P = .001; odds ratio [OR], 4.1). They were homogeneous with respect to confounding variables except for HCV (P = .01). Of the 55 patients with HCV infection, 12 developed PTDM or IFG, including three in the CyA group and nine in the tacrolimus group (P = .03; OR, 7.7), whereas in the 72 patients without HCV infection, the CyA or tacrolimus association with PTDM or IFG was significant (P = .05), Mantel-Haenszel test; OR, 4.9). The interaction between HCV and immunosuppression therapy was primarily produced in the IFG group (HCV-positive; P = .008; OR, 8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an association between the use of tacrolimus and the development of PTDM or IFG. There is greater risk in HCV-positive patients, in particular in relation to IFG. The choice of immunosuppressive treatment might be decided on the basis of the patient's pretransplantation status.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary and Transplant Unit, Carlos Haya University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pérez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aranda Narváez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santoyo Santoyo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aguilar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suárez Muñoz
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: González-Sánchez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pérez Daga
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ramírez Plaza
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrasco Campos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez Mazure
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Becerra Ortíz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus