title: [Drug regimens in patients with medication-resistant epilepsy in neurology and epilepsy outpatient departments in Spain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About 30% of epileptic patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Quality of life is worse and costs are higher than in controlled epilepsy. One of the aims of the LINCE study was to assess the prevalence of DRE in epilepsy-specialized and general neurology clinics in Spain and the clinical management of these patients in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, retrospective study to evaluate clinical prevalence and cost of DRE in Spain. Every participant neurologist assessed the percentage of DRE among the first 40 patients with diagnosed epilepsy seen. Patients of both sexes, older than 18 years were recruited. Their treatment before and after DRE diagnosis was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DRE prevalence in Spain is 22.7% (36% in epilepsy-specialized and 18.5% in neurology clinics; p < 0.0001), with no differences between genders. More than 50% of these patients have hardly achieved a secondary education and only 44% are employed. The most frequent drugs used after DRE diagnosis are lamotrigine (33.5%), levetiracetam (32.4%), carbamazepine (31.9%) and topiramate (25.8%) in various combinations, but the highest efficacy (equal or more than 50% seizures reduction) is obtained with pregabaline (53.1%), oxcarbazepine (50.6%) and levetiracetam (49.5%) and topiramate (48%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  22.7% of epileptic outpatients in Spain are diagnosed with DRE in clinics of neurology. These will require certain social interventions and greater use of health resources, including treatment with more appropriate AEDs. Pregabaline, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam and topiramate are among the most effective AEDs in this type of patients.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, España. miguel.rufo.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufo-Campos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sancho-Rieger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Masramon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rejas-Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009462:Neurology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants