title: Range of UK practice regarding thresholds for phototherapy and exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the range of opinion regarding thresholds at which phototherapy and exchange transfusion are used to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of existing charts and guidelines collected from around the UK. Threshold levels were extracted from the charts and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. Filters were applied to analyse subsets of guidelines, and calculations were carried out to analyse the rate of rise of bilirubin (in micromol/l/h) between the origin and the plateau, where this was possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 263 hospitals contacted, 163 submitted guidelines, of which most were in the form of individual charts. There was wide variation in the choice of the threshold levels at which treatment was recommended, particularly in preterm babies. At 28 weeks, for example, the range at which phototherapy was recommended extended from 100 micromol/l to 250 micromol/l, and the upper limit was even higher if data from units which used a single guideline for preterm babies of all gestations were included. There was variation in the choice of the origin of the graph and the time at which the plateau commenced (and hence the slope), whether "sickness" criteria should be adopted, and what those criteria should be. Many charts were confusing, poorly presented, sketchily drawn and lacked proper gridlines or axis labels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For such a vitally important topic it is disappointing that there is little existing consensus and no national guidance in the UK. Guidelines for England, Wales and Northern Ireland will be available from 2010, when the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence completes its review.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson & Obstetric Hospitals, University College London Hospitals, London, UK. janet.rennie@uclh.org
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D051556:Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012016:Reference Values; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001663:Bilirubin