title: Glycaemic status and prevalence of comorbid conditions among people with diabetes in Kerala.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to assess the glycaemic status and prevalence of comorbid conditions such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people with diabetes in a southern Indian community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional community survey of adults > 18 years of age was done in central Kerala. Among the 3069 subjects surveyed, 276 were known to have diabetes. Of these, 169 who had type 2 diabetes underwent a detailed physical examination and anthropometric measurements, and determination of levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting lipid, serum creatinine and urine protein. Data of 164 subjects who had glycosylated haemoglobin levels were included for final analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) duration of diabetes was 5.5 (5.04) years and the mean age was 56.9 (11.4) years. Among the patients, 28 (17.2%) were receiving no treatment for diabetes, 24 (14.7%) were on diet control and 111 (68%) on pharmacotherapy. Only 6 patients were on insulin. The mean fasting blood glucose was 153 (63) mg/dl and the mean glycosylated haemoglobin level was 8.1 (2.34)%. In 60% of patients, the glycosylated haemoglobin level was above the recommended target of 7%. Obesity (31%), hypertension (51%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 100 mg/dl (90%) and serum triglyceride levels > 150 mg/ dl (38%) were present in the study population. Only 29% of patients were on antihypertensive treatment and 5% on lipid-lowering agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, only 40% of people with diabetes had adequate glycaemic control. The use of insulin was infrequent. Comorbid conditions were common and inadequately treated. This indicates a lack of proper diabetic care in this community, which could lead to an increase in the burden of cardiovascular disease in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi 682026, Kerala, India. vushamenon@aims.amrita.edu
authors.forename: V Usha
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Guruprasad
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human