title: Incorporation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) transforming bacteria into explosive formulations.
abstract: Pseudomonas putida GG04 and Bacillus SF have been successfully incorporated into an explosive formulation to enhance biotransformation of TNT residues and/or explosives which fail to detonate due to technical faults. The incorporation of the microorganisms into the explosive did not affect the quality of the explosive (5 years storage) in terms of detonation velocity while complete biotransformation of TNT moieties upon transfer in liquid media was observed after 5 days. The incorporated microorganisms reduced TNT sequentially leading to the formation of hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (HADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluenes; 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluenes, different azoxy compounds; 2,6-diaminonitrotoluenes (2,4-DAMNT) and 2,4-diaminonitrotoluenes (2,6-DAMNT). However, the accumulation of AMDNT and DAMNT (major dead-end metabolites) was effectively prevented by incorporating guaiacol and catechol during the biotransformation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria. gnyanhongo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Nyanhongo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aichernig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortner
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guebitz
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism; D014052:Toluidines; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D053834:Explosive Agents; D014052:Toluidines; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C035208:2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene; C085952:2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene; C046358:2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene