title: Survival of Campylobacter spp. in bovine faeces on pasture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the survival on pasture of Campylobacter spp. naturally present in bovine faeces and compare this with a previously published study using laboratory-cultured Campylobacter spp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten freshly collected cow pats were deposited on pasture during summer, and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated by enrichment broth culture. The counts in three pats were below detection limits. Counts of Campylobacter spp. in the other seven pats fell below detection limits within 14 days. The geometric means of the counts up to 7 days produced a T(90) of 2.2 days. Characterization of Campylobacter spp. by PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of at least six genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Campylobacter spp. naturally present in cow faeces exhibited a similar survival rate to that previously determined using laboratory-cultured strains. The highly variable counts of naturally occurring Campylobacter spp., and the predominance of lower counts, also support the earlier decision to use laboratory-cultured strains in survival experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reaffirms the short survival of Campylobacter spp. in cow faeces deposited on pasture. This information will be incorporated into a 'reservoir model' for Campylobacter spp. in cow pats on New Zealand pastures.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. brent.gilpin@esr.cri.nz
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scholes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nourozi
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Sinton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002417:Cattle; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology*