title: Social dysfunctioning after mild to moderate first-ever stroke at vocational age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With improvements in stroke treatments, the number of patients with dramatic recovery is increasing. However, many of them are still complaining of difficulties in returning to work and every day activities. The aim was to assess work and social dysfunctioning in patients with minor to moderate stroke and explore its contributing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients were prospectively included at a median 7 months after a first-ever stroke. Scores on the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), a generic self-reported scale for assessing social functioning, were correlated with scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), activities of daily living, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and MMSE, Iowa Scale of Personality Changes and return to work at 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 84 included patients (mean age 43.5 years), 57 (68%; 95% CI 57 to 78%) complained of significant perturbation of functioning attributed to stroke. WSAS was highly significantly related to modified Rankin scale, daily living activities, Iowa Scale of Personality Changes and return to work at 1 year. Using ordinal logistic regression, the contributors to WSAS were initial neurological severity (NIHSS at admission), HAD and MMSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that up to 68% of our patients complained of significant work and social dysfunction due to stroke, despite a good clinical outcome. This self-estimation was correlated to external validation criteria, stressing the high burden of stroke from the patient's viewpoint. Moreover, when compared across diseases, social dysfunctioning after mild stroke was as important as in other major disabling diseases.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, University Hospital, Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France. marc.hommel@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hommel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trabucco-Miguel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joray
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naegele
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonnet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaillard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010556:Personality Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult