title: Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease and diabetes: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between expression of angiogenic and regeneration markers and periodontal disease in subjects with/without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD44 and CD133 was performed in 16 samples each of (1) healthy gingiva from non-diabetic subjects (controls), (2) gingiva from non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis, (3) gingiva from subjects with type 1 diabetes and periodontitis, (4) gingiva from subjects with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diseased gingivae from patients with diabetes and periodontitis had greater clinical measures of periodontal disease than those with periodontitis only. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and endothelial cells from patients with periodontitis compared with controls (p<0.05). Epithelial CD44 expression was strong in all groups, while CD44 was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in connective tissue cells from both diabetic groups. Epithelial and endothelial CD133 expression was comparable in all patients except those with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, where it was not detected. Stromal CD133 expression was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and was increased in periodontitis patients (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The involvement and high expression of VEGF, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease may predict a greater regeneration capacity of gingival tissue.
authors.affiliation: Histology-Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Marche Polytechnic University, Torrette-Ancona, Italy. guendalina.lucarini@univpm.it
authors.forename: Guendalina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.forename: Antonid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zizzi
authors.forename: Simone Dohenico
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Aspriello
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tosco
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foglini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattioli-Belmonte
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Primio
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piemontese
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012038:Regeneration / Q000276:immunology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A