An update on biliary imaging.
This article provides an overview of the gamut of biliary imaging techniques currently available to the clinician. It provides a brief history of biliary imaging, particularly intravenous cholangiography, including most commonly used contrast agents. This history is followed by a detailed discussion of modern-day practice modalities, including fluoroscopic and barium cholangiography, CT cholangiography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
Wald
Christoph
C
Tufts University Medical School, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. christoph.wald@lahey.org
Scholz
Francis J
FJ
Pinkus
Edward
E
Wise
Robert E
RE
Flacke
Sebastian
S
D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods