title: [Ideas of I.I Mechnikov and contemporary microecology of human intestine].
abstract: Contemporary state of microecology of human gut was considered in light of ideas of I.I Mechnikov. It was shown that many ideas of our great countryman, which were expressed as far back as in the beginning of previous century, were confirmed in studies conducted in the last decades. It was calculated that total gene pool of microflora present in human organism which was named "microbiom", consists from 400,000 genes that is 12 times higher of human genome size. Such wide spectrum determines also huge functional activity of microorganisms, which participate in regulation of many physiological and immune reactions that provide protection of an organism from diseases, including infectious. Conception about fundamental role of facultative microflora in development of chronic inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal tract was confirmed; the role of Gram-negative bacteria endotoxin in the development of atherosclerosis was established. Processes of interaction between products of intestinal microflora and pattern-recognizing Toll-like receptors (TLR), particularly TLR4, which recognizes endotoxins (lypopolysaccharides of Gram-negative microflora), were considered. It was shown that loss of TLR4 induced by mutation results in lowering of the risk of atherosclerosis.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Bondarenko
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Likhoded
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012426:Russia; D013559:Symbiosis; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4