title: Effects of intestinal constituents and lipids on intestinal formation and pharmacokinetics of desethylamiodarone formed from amiodarone.
abstract: To model the impact of intestinal components associated with a high fat meal on metabolism of amiodarone, rat everted intestinal sacs were evaluated for their ability to metabolize the drug to its active metabolite (desethylamiodarone) under a variety of conditions. The preparations were obtained from fasted rats or rats pretreated with 1% cholesterol in peanut oil. After isolation of the tissues, the intestinal segments were immersed in oxygenated Krebs Henseleit buffer containing varying concentrations of bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin and lipase with or without soybean oil emulsion as a source of triglycerides. Amiodarone uptake was similar between the five 10-cm segments isolated distally from the stomach. Desethylamiodarone was measurable in all segments. Based on the metabolite-to-drug concentration ratio within the tissues, there was little difference in metabolic efficiency between segments for any of the treatments. Between treatments, however, it appeared that the lowest level of metabolism was noted in rats pretreated with 1% cholesterol in peanut oil. This reduction in metabolic efficiency was not observed in gut sacs from the fasted rats to which soybean oil emulsion was directly added to the incubation media. Despite the apparent reduction in intestinal metabolism, there was no apparent change in the ratio of metabolite-to-drug area under the plasma concentration versus time ratios of fasted rats and those given 1% cholesterol in peanut oil, suggesting that the intestinal presystemic formation of desethylamiodarone is not substantial.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Anooshirvan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shayeganpour
authors.forename: Dalia A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: Dion R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brocks
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D054709:Lecithins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008049:Lipase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D000074241:Peanut Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004041:Dietary Fats; D054709:Lecithins; D000074241:Peanut Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D002784:Cholesterol; D008049:Lipase; C036116:desethylamiodarone; D000638:Amiodarone