title: Comparison of topical versus parenteral testosterone in children with microphallic hypospadias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical correction of genital defects was formerly proposed when the size of the penis was sufficient to permit easy surgical repair. To enlarge penile size, temporary stimulation with testosterone either topical or parenteral has been reported. Parenteral testosterone has been found to be effective; however, variable results have been reported with topical testosterone. This study was taken up as an attempt to compare the efficacy of parenteral versus topical testosterone application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one consecutive children with microphallic hypospadias were randomized to receive either topical or parenteral testosterone prior to surgery. Penile length, glans circumference and secondary effects were recorded before and after therapy by the same observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant penile growth was noticed in both the groups of children when compared with pre-therapy size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The desired therapeutic effect of significant penile growth following testosterone was achieved in both the groups of children. There was no significant difference between the two routes of administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, India. rbnerli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nerli
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koura
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prabha
authors.forename: Mallikarjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone; C004648:testosterone enanthate