Molecular biology of renal cortical tumors.
The last 10 years have witnessed a dramatic evolution in our understanding of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) biology, which has led to the development of novel medical therapies and revolutionized the approach to their clinical management. This review considers the genetic basis of RCC and the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia-induced pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. All these molecular pathways are involved in RCC biology, tumorigenesis, and progression, and serve as the source of new rational treatment strategies based on the design of small molecule inhibitors directed against their targets.
Klatte
Tobias
T
Department of Urology, Room B7-298 CHS, Box 951738, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA.
Pantuck
Allan J
AJ
D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015195:Drug Design; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018231:Leiomyomatosis / Q000235:genetics; D008967:Molecular Biology; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000235:genetics; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025801:Ubiquitin; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C546842:MTOR protein, human