title: Optimization of minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy: the importance of neck ultrasonography and intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether close collaboration between a neck ultrasound-certified endocrinologist and a skilled endocrine surgeon can optimize minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) surgical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome data were collected on patients with primary hyperparathyroidism whom we intended to treat with MIRP at the induction of anesthesia between October 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. Patients underwent preoperative gamma camera sestamibi scanning (GCSS), intraoperative gamma probe sestamibi scanning (IOSS), and preoperative neck ultrasonography. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring was performed. Postoperative surgical success was defined as a serum calcium concentration between 8.0 and 10.4 mg/dL within 4 weeks of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, MIRP was planned for 46 patients. Of the 46 patients, 39 had preoperative neck ultrasonography; 7 underwent evaluation by an endocrinologist or internist who was not ultrasound certified and they therefore did not undergo preoperative ultrasonography. IOSS correctly identified 1 adenomatous gland in 38 of 46 patients (83%), while GCSS correctly localized 1 adenomatous gland in 30 of 46 patients (65%). In 11 GCSS-negative patients, IOSS identified the abnormal gland in 7 (64%), while ultrasonography identified the abnormal gland in 8 (73%). The surgical approach was converted to traditional parathyroidectomy in 3 patients. Every patient exhibited at least a 51% drop in intraoperative PTH levels with resection of the final adenoma; average decrement for the entire group was 79 +/- 8% from the highest baseline level. Forty-five patients (98%) demonstrated sustained normalization of serum calcium within several days of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A collaborative endocrinology and surgical endocrine oncology practice arrangement, emphasizing careful preoperative physician-supervised neck ultrasonography and the use of intraoperative PTH measurement, optimizes MIRP outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Fort Lauderdale Endocrine Surgery, Imperial Point Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. rmharrell1@aol.com
authors.forename: R Mack
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Bimston
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals