title: Imaging for neuro-ophthalmic and orbital disease - a review.
abstract: A literature review was performed by content experts in neuro-ophthalmology and neuroradiology using a systematic English-language Medline search (1994-2008) limited to articles with relevance to neuro-ophthalmic and orbital imaging. The information covered in this review includes: (i) the basic mechanics, indications and contraindications for cranial and orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; (ii) the utility and indications for intravenous contrast, (iii) the use of specific MR sequences; (iv) the techniques and ophthalmic indications for computed tomography/MR angiography and venography; and (v) the techniques and indications for functional MR imaging, positron emission tomography scanning and single photon emission computed tomography. Throughout the review accurate and timely communication with the neuroradiologist regarding the clinical findings and suspected location of lesions is emphasized so as to optimize the ordering and interpretation of imaging studies for the ophthalmologist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Universiyt of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. andrew-lee@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Bruno A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Policeni
authors.forename: Wendy R K
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smoker
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium