title: John dalton: though in error, he still influenced our understanding of congenital color deficiency.
abstract: John Dalton was born in the 18th century and was recognized mainly for his work on the chemical atomic theory and "Dalton's Law" for the partial pressure of gases. However, during his lifetime he was already recognized for his theories on "colorblindness," with which he was afflicted. He was perhaps the first to report personal observations from experimentation on his color vision deficiency. His theory regarding its pathogenesis was posthumously proven to be incorrect after observations performed on his enucleated eyes. Further generations later, DNA analyses by PCR conclusively recorded the specific color deficiency (deuteranopia) with which Dalton was affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612-7243, USA. gerafish@uic.edu
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000151:congenital / Q000266:history*; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000266:history; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D017299:Rod Opsins; C095854:middle-wavelength opsin