title: The role of radiation therapy after incomplete resection of penile cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively assess the outcome in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for penile cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 2006, 24 patients (median age, 62.7 years; range, 35.5-90.4 years) with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (T1, n = 10; T2, n = 11; T3, n = 3) received megavoltage external radiotherapy (n = 22) or (192)Ir high-dose-rate brachytherapy (n = 2) following total penectomy (n = 7), partial penectomy (n = 10), or local excision (n = 7); lymphadenectomy was performed in eight patients. In 14 patients, radiotherapy was delivered after incomplete tumor resection, and in 20 patients the planning target volume included the regional lymph nodes. Median total dose of external radiotherapy was 56 Gy/1.8-2 Gy (range, 50-60 Gy). Brachytherapy was given with a total dose of 45 Gy/3 Gy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 58.4 months, penile or perineal recurrence was found in four patients giving a 5-year local control rate of 74.8%. Regional failure occurred in two patients. 5-year metastases-free survival and progression-free survival rates were 86.7% and 64.5%, respectively. Four patients died due to tumor progression. The actuarial 5-year cause-specific and overall survival rates were 84.3 and 56.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation therapy is a successful method of treatment for penile cancer in terms of local control and organ preservation after microscopically incomplete surgery. Radiotherapy of the regional lymph nodes might also be effective in preventing regional recurrence and can be considered in case of high-risk features and following excision of extensive lymph node involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. tanja.langsenlehner@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langsenlehner
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Prettenhofer
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Langsenlehner
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pummer
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kapp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012189:Retrospective Studies