title: Acute refractory hyperkalaemia and fatal cardiac arrest related to administration of liposomal amphotericin B.
abstract: A 36-year-old male with acute myeloid leukaemia was treated with liposomal amphotericin B for a breakthrough fungal infection with Absidia corymbifera during voriconazole and caspofungin therapy for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Four episodes of hyperkalaemia developed with a highly probable relation to infusion of liposomal amphotericin B, of which the last episode was characterised by severe, refractory hyperkalaemia and fatal cardiac arrest. The available literature on severe hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest during administration of both conventional and liposomal amphotericin B is reviewed here and revealed only four similar cases. The most likely mechanism of toxicity is the release of potassium from a variety of mammal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Whether prevention of toxicity can be established by decreasing the infusion rate is unclear but conceivable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care and Clinical Pharmacology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Trof
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Girbes
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beishuizen
mesh_terms: D020095:Absidia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B