title: Prostatic urothelial carcinoma: is transurethral prostatectomy necessary before bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) followed by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy in patients with prostatic urothelial carcinoma (PUC) and compare the results of studies using combined TURP and BCG with studies in which TURP was not performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with bladder cancer and PUC were treated with TURP followed by six weekly intravesical instillations of BCG. Response was determined and monitored by periodic bladder and prostatic urethra biopsies and urinary cytology. Also, the outcome of previous series using similar methodology was compared with the outcome of studies in which TURP was not performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 20 patients with PUC were treated with TURP followed by intravesical instillations of BCG. The median follow-up was 52.5 months. All patients had an initial complete response (CR). The prostatic urethra 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 90%. However, bladder and prostatic urethra 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was only 30%. Five patients (25%) died from urothelial carcinoma (UC) after a median period of 58.5 months (two from bladder cancer metastases and three from upper tract metastases). The long-term prostatic urethra CR rate in studies using TURP before immunotherapy was significantly higher than the CR rate in studies using immunotherapy alone (P < 0.001). However, there was no difference when bladder and prostatic urethra CR rates were considered together (P = 0.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with PUC, TURP before BCG immunotherapy eliminates PUC in most cases, and is probably the preferred treatment for this disease. The risk of UC-specific mortality in these patients is high.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ogofrit@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ofer N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gofrit
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pode
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizov
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine