title: IL-6(-174) genotype associated with the extent of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphism in certain cytokine and receptor molecule genes and diabetic status associate with the extent of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with type 1 DM participated. Visible plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were examined clinically and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were used to assess the glycemic control of DM. CD-14, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TLR-4 gene polymorphisms were studied using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year HbA1c was good (<7.5%) in 16%, acceptable (7.5-8.5%) in 36% and poor (>8.5%) in 48% of the subjects. IL-6(-174) genotype and 3-year GHbA1c associated significantly with BOP and PD>or=4 mm, subjects with the GG genotype of the IL-6(-174) exhibiting more severe periodontal disease than those with the GC/CC genotype. After stratification by IL-6 genotype, associations between the extent of periodontal disease and 3-year HbA1c levels remained significant in subjects carrying the GC/CC but not the GG genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the HbA1c level, the IL-6(-174) genotype is a significant susceptibility factor for periodontal disease among type 1 diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. taina.raunio@ouka.fi
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raunio
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: Tellervo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha