title: Impediments to prenatal diagnosis for beta thalassaemia: experiences from Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the practices of parents of beta thalassaemia children towards utilization of prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was done between April and September 2007 at two thalassaemia treatment centers in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Simple random sampling was employed to interview 215 parents of thalassaemic children. Parents of thalassaemic children who were not planning to have any more children were excluded from the study. A structured questionnaire with preassigned values was developed for collection of data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 215 respondents, 149 (69%) families had a pregnancy following the birth of the registered thalassaemic child. Among 149 couples, 90 (60%) did not request PND. The main reasons for underutilization of PND included lack of awareness (23%), high cost (23%), poor access (17%), delay in seeking (16%) and advice against the test (12%). A significant improvement in the use of PND was observed with increasing mother's education (p < 0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PND for thalassaemia is available in Pakistan for over a decade but its use remains limited. There is a need to increase its utilization by addressing various impediments noted in this study.
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. sajidanaseem@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sajida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naseem
authors.forename: Suhaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Farhaan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vahidy
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001364:Awareness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis*