title: KIOM-79 prevents apoptotic cell death and AGEs accumulation in retinas of diabetic db/db mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  KIOM-79 retards the development of diabetic nephropathy in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated whether KIOM-79 could prevent apoptotic cell death and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in the retinas of diabetic db/db mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated orally with KIOM-79 (150 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 12 weeks. Levels of retinal ganglion cell death were measured by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the retina, the activity of caspase-3 (a marker of apoptosis) and the formation of AGEs were measured by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KIOM-79 reduced the number of TUNEL-immunoreactive retinal cells. KIOM-79 attenuated caspase-3 expression and AGEs accumulation in the retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that KIOM-79 can prevent apoptosis in neuronal cells, AGEs accumulation in the retina, and retard the development of diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24 Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Young Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C517978:KIOM 79; D010936:Plant Extracts; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3