No apparent progress in bioelectrical impedance accuracy: validation against metabolic risk and DXA.
Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) is quick, easy, and safe when quantifying fat and lean tissue. New BIA models (Tanita BC-418 MA, abbreviated BIA(8)) can perform segmental body composition analysis, e.g., estimate %trunkal fatness (%TF). It is not known, however, whether new BIA models can detect metabolic risk factors (MRFs) better than older models (Tanita TBF-300, abbreviated BIA(4)). We therefore tested the correlation between MRF and percentage whole-body fat (%BF) from BIA(4) and BIA(8) and compared these with the correlation between MRF and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, used as gold standard), BMI and waist circumference (WC). The sample consisted of 136 abdominally obese (WC >or= 88 cm), middle-aged (30-60 years) women. MRF included fasting blood glucose and insulin; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; high sensitive C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and fibrinogen; and alanine transaminase (ALT) liver enzyme. We found that similar to DXA, but in contrast to BMI, neither %BF BIA(4) nor %BF BIA(8) correlated with blood lipids or ALT. In the segmental analysis of %TF, BIA(8) only correlated with inflammatory markers, but not insulin, blood lipids, or ALT liver enzyme (in contrast to WC and %TF DXA). %TF DXA was associated with homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) independently of WC (P = 0.03), whereas %TF BIA(8) was not (P = 0.53). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that %TF BIA(8) did not differ from chance in the detection of insulin resistance (P = 0.26). BIA estimates of fatness were, at best, weakly correlated with obesity-related risk factors in abdominally obese women, even the new eight-electrode model. Our data support the continued use of WC and BMI.
Hemmingsson
Erik
E
Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Obesity Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. erik.hemmingsson@ki.se
Uddén
Joanna
J
Neovius
Martin
M
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017097:Electric Impedance; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055105:Waist Circumference
D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000410:Alanine Transaminase