title: Update on epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency.
abstract: The most updated guidelines for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency (GHD) come from the GH Research Society Consensus Workshop held in Sydney, Australia, in 2007. Regarding who to test for GHD, advice should be extended from primitive hypothalamic- pituitary diseases and cranial irradiation to include brain injuries (Traumatic Brain Injury in particular). Regarding how to test for GHD, the insulin tolerance test (ITT) remains a provocative test of reference; among classical provocative test, glucagon test has also been validated. Above all, GHRH + arginine and GHRH + GH-secretagogues are now considered, at least, as reliable as ITT for the diagnosis of adult GHD. Interestingly, it is now accepted that very low IGF-I represents definite evidence of severe GHD in congenital forms of GHD and also in patients with acquired multiple hypopituitarism. These patients would skip provocative test; however, as normal IGFI levels do not rule out severe GHD, patients suspected for hypopituitarism showing normal IGF-I levels must undergo a provocative test of GH secretion. Retesting the GH status in the transition age is of major relevance in order to decide about continuing or not recombinant human GH replacement in adult life.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prodam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corneli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Golisano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belcastro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gasco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beccuti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grottoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Somma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghigo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aimaretti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D003940:Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I