title: CTA1-DD adjuvant promotes strong immunity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins following mucosal immunization.
abstract: Strategies to induce potent and broad antibody responses against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) at both systemic and mucosal sites represent a central goal for HIV-1 vaccine development. Here, we show that the non-toxic CTA1-DD adjuvant promoted mucosal and systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following intranasal (i.n.) immunizations with trimeric or monomeric forms of HIV-1 Env in mice and in non-human primates. Env-specific IgG subclasses in the serum of immunized mice reflected a balanced Th1/Th2 type of response. Strikingly, i.n. immunizations with Env and the CTA1-DD adjuvant induced substantial levels of mucosal anti-Env IgA in bronchial alveolar lavage and also detectable levels in vaginal secretions. By contrast, parenteral immunizations of Env formulated in Ribi did not stimulate mucosal IgA responses, while the two adjuvants induced a similar distribution of Env-specific IgG-subclasses in serum. A single parenteral boost with Env in Ribi adjuvant into mice previously primed i.n. with Env and CTA1-DD, augmented the serum anti-Env IgG levels to similar magnitudes as those observed after three intraperitoneal immunizations with Env in Ribi. The augmenting potency of CTA1-DD was similar to that of LTK63 or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). However, in contrast to CpG ODN, the effect of CTA1-DD and LTK63 appeared to be independent of MyD88 and toll-like receptor signalling. This is the first demonstration that CTA1-DD augments specific immune responses also in non-human primates, suggesting that this adjuvant could be explored further as a clinically safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant for humoral and cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 Env.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.|Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sundling
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunobiology & Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mörner
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.|Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mattias N E
authors.initials: MNE
authors.lastname: Forsell
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rigmor
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thorstensson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.|Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunilla B Karlsson
authors.initials: GBK
authors.lastname: Hedestam
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunobiology & Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lycke
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C440610:CTA1-DD protein, recombinant; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin