title: Neuropeptide S produces hyperlocomotion and prevents oxidative stress damage in the mouse brain: a comparative study with amphetamine and diazepam.
abstract: Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered peptide which induces hyperlocomotion, anxiolysis and wakefulness. This study aimed to compare behavioral and biochemical effects of NPS with amphetamine (AMPH), and diazepam (DZP). To this aim, the effects of NPS (0.01, 0.1 and 1 nmol, ICV), AMPH (2 mg/kg, IP) and DZP (1 mg/kg, IP) on locomotion and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in mouse brain structures. The administration of NPS and AMPH, but not DZP, increased locomotion compared to control. Biochemical analyses revealed that AMPH increased carbonylated proteins in striatum, but did not alter lipid peroxidation. DZP increased lipid peroxidation in the cortex and cerebellum, and increased protein carbonyl formation in the striatum. In contrast, NPS reduced carbonylated protein in the cerebellum and striatum, and also lipid peroxidation in the cortex. Additionally, the treatment with AMPH increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the striatum, while it did not affect catalase (CAT) activity. DZP did not alter SOD and CAT activity. NPS inhibited the increase of SOD activity in the cortex and cerebellum, but little influenced CAT activity. Altogether, this is the first evidence of a putative role of NPS in oxidative stress and brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinello
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Steckert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calo'
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Pizzol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gavioli
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C539972:neuropeptide S, mouse; D000661:Amphetamine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003975:Diazepam