Common candidate gene variants are associated with QT interval duration in the general population.
OBJECTIVE
QT interval prolongation is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death at the population level. As 30-40% of the QT-interval variability is heritable, we tested the association of common LQTS and NOS1AP gene variants with QT interval in a Finnish population-based sample.


METHODS
We genotyped 12 common LQTS and NOS1AP genetic variants in Health 2000, an epidemiological sample of 5043 Finnish individuals, using Sequenom MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. ECG parameters were measured from digital 12-lead ECGs and QT intervals were adjusted for age, gender and heart rate with a nomogram (Nc) method derived from the present study population.


RESULTS
The KCNE1 D85N minor allele (frequency 1.4%) was associated with a 10.5 ms (SE 1.6) or 0.57 SD prolongation of the adjusted QT(Nc) interval (P=3.6 x 10(-11)) in gender-pooled analysis. In agreement with previous studies, we replicated the association with QT(Nc) interval with minor alleles of KCNH2 intronic SNP rs3807375 [1.6 ms (SE 0.4) or 0.08 SD, P=4.7 x 10(-5)], KCNH2 K897T [-2.6 ms (SE 0.5) or -0.14 SD, P=2.1 x 10(-7)] and NOSA1P variants including rs2880058 [4.0 ms (SE 0.4) or 0.22 SD, P=3.2 x 10(-24)] under additive models.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate that each additional copy of the KCNE1 D85N minor allele is associated with a considerable 10.5 ms prolongation of the age-, gender- and heart rate-adjusted QT interval and could thus modulate repolarization-related arrhythmia susceptibility at the population level. In addition, we robustly confirm the previous findings that three independent KCNH2 and NOSA1P variants are associated with adjusted QT interval.
Marjamaa
A
A
Research Program in Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Newton-Cheh
C
C
Porthan
K
K
Reunanen
A
A
Lahermo
P
P
Väänänen
H
H
Jula
A
A
Karanko
H
H
Swan
H
H
Toivonen
L
L
Nieminen
M S
MS
Viitasalo
M
M
Peltonen
L
L
Oikarinen
L
L
Palotie
A
A
Kontula
K
K
Salomaa
V
V
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000235:genetics*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C489622:KCNE1 protein, human; C488081:NOS1AP protein, human; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated