title: Utility of pre-cordial thump for treatment of out of hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prospective data on pre-cordial thump (PT), one of the fastest possible resuscitative manoeuvres, are scant, particularly in out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiac arrest (CA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, conducted in the Pordenone-province (north-east Italy), suspected OOH-CA victims were connected to a cardiac monitor and, upon confirmation of CA, subjected to a swift PT before any other resuscitatory intervention, without notable delay in other procedures. Investigation targets were: (i) effects on heart rhythm, (ii) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), (iii) hospital discharge, (iv) presence of adverse effects. Outcomes were additionally grouped by presenting rhythms into ventricular tachyarrhythmias (CA(VF/VT)), pulseless electrical activity (CA(PEA)), and asystole (CA(AS)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 144 OOH-CA cases, PT had no effect on heart rhythm in 138 patients (CA(VF/VT)-23/24; CA(PEA)-41/42; CA(AS)-74/78). In 112 of the 138 non-responders, ROSC was neither achieved by other interventions (CA(VF/VT)-13/23; CA(PEA)-38/41; CA(AS)-61/74); overall survival was 5.6% (CA(VF/VT)-16.7%; CA(PEA)-0%; CA(AS)-5.1%). PT caused ROSC in 3 patients with witnessed CA(AS) (time-to-intervention <3 min), representing one quarter of ROSC among witnessed CA victims. Survival of PT-induced ROSC patients (2/3) was certainly no worse than among PT-irresponsive ROSC patients (6 of 28). Overall, one quarter of patients, discharged from hospital, had been resuscitated by PT. No adverse effects of PT were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PT can be combined with standard resuscitatory interventions without significant time-delay or apparent side effects. PT efficacy in CA(VF/VT) and CA(PEA) is lacking. However, PT may offer potential for the increasing proportion of asystolic OOH-CA, in particular when witnessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Emergency, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy. thomas.pellis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pellis
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kette
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lovisa
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franceschino
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magagnin
authors.forename: Willy Pierre
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mercante
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome