title: A technique for conditioning and calibrating force-sensing resistors for repeatable and reliable measurement of compressive force.
abstract: Miniature sensors that could measure forces applied by the fingers and hand without interfering with manual dexterity or range of motion would have considerable practical value in ergonomics and rehabilitation. In this study, techniques have been developed to use inexpensive pressure-sensing resistors (FSRs) to accurately measure compression force. The FSRs are converted from pressure-sensing to force-sensing devices. The effects of nonlinear response properties and dependence on loading history are compensated by signal conditioning and calibration. A fourth-order polynomial relating the applied force to the current voltage output and a linearly weighted sum of prior outputs corrects for sensor hysteresis and drift. It was found that prolonged (>20h) shear force loading caused sensor gain to change by approximately 100%. Shear loading also had the effect of eliminating shear force effects on sensor output, albeit only in the direction of shear loading. By applying prolonged shear loading in two orthogonal directions, the sensors were converted into pure compression sensors. Such preloading of the sensor is, therefore, required prior to calibration. The error in compression force after prolonged shear loading and calibration was consistently <5% from 0 to 30N and <10% from 30 to 40N. This novel method of calibrating FSRs for measuring compression force provides an inexpensive tool for biomedical and industrial design applications where measurements of finger and hand force are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1S4. richhall@telus.net
authors.forename: Rick S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Desmoulin
authors.forename: Theodore E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Milner
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers; D014481:United States