title: The impact of tibolone and hormone therapy on serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and hepatocyte growth factor in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of tibolone and hormone treatment on serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and hepatocyte growth factor as independent markers of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five normotensive and healthy postmenopausal women with no systemic or cardiac disease who attended the Marmara University Menopause Outpatient Clinic were included in this study. The women were assigned into three groups. The women who accepted hormone replacement therapy were randomized to two groups. Group 1 received 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen (CE) +2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)/day. Group 2 received 2.5 mg tibolone/day. Group 3 was the control group consisting of women who did not want hormone replacement therapy. Serum samples were measured for highly specific C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor and hepatocyte growth factor before the treatment and after 6 months of therapy. Values at the end of the 6th month and baseline were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in C-reactive protein and the decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels demonstrated at the end of treatment were statistically significant, in both the hormone therapy and tibolone groups. However, the decrease in hepatocyte growth factor was significant only in the tibolone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive impact of both tibolone and hormone therapy on inflammatory markers appears to be protective against cardiovascular diseases. However, the clinical implications of these findings are yet to be evaluated in large clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sezer Ozer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erenus
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoldemir
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D009652:Norpregnenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C027385:tibolone