title: Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 levels predict response to gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) protein transports gemcitabine into cells. Small retrospective studies in pancreatic cancer suggest that levels of hENT1 protein or messenger RNA may have prognostic value. We studied the predictive value of hENT1 levels in a cohort of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients from the large prospective randomized adjuvant treatment trial RTOG9704.
  
  
  METHODS
  In RTOG9704, 538 patients were assigned randomly, after surgical resection, to groups that were given either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Immunohistochemistry for hENT1 was performed on a tissue microarray of 229 resected pancreatic tumors from RTOG9704 and scored as having no staining, low staining, or high staining. Associations between hENT1 protein and treatment outcome were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis using the chi-square test and the Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HENT1 expression was associated with overall and disease-free survival in a univariate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.91; P= .02; and HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32-1.00; P= .05) and multivariate model in the group given gemcitabine (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.75; P= .004; and HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.73; P= .003). hENT1 expression was not associated with survival in the group given 5-FU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective randomized trial, hENT1 protein expression was associated with increased overall survival and disease-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients who received gemcitabine, but not in those who received 5-FU. These findings are supported by preclinical data; the gemcitabine transporter hENT1 is therefore a molecular and mechanistically relevant predictive marker of benefit from gemcitabine in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90405, USA. jfarrell@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elsaleh
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Regine
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: A Bowen
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mackey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C438649:SLC29A1 protein, human; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine