title: Effect of nitric oxide on Dengue virus replication in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles albimanus.
abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted to humans by Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Little is known about the cellular and molecular interactions between the virus and the mosquito. The identification of resistance mechanisms could provide insight for the development of control strategies based on genetic manipulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) donors/inhibitors on DENV replication in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles albimanus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ae. aegypti and An. albimanus were fed with a blood suspension supplemented with DENV and donors/inhibitors of NO; DENV replication was assessed by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and qRT-PCR parallel to NO measurement by means of the Griess reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DENV replicates at 3x10(6) genome copies/day/mosquito in Aedes. In comparison, no evidence of virus genome accumulation was detected when 2 mM sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, were added to the infected blood meal. DENV did not replicate in Anopheles unless 1 mM L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester, a NO synthesis inhibitor, was added to the infected blood meal, although the absolute viral load was significantly lower than in Aedes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in humans, NO participates in the control of the virus load in mosquitoes. However, other mechanisms could also be involved in virus resistance in Anopheles.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Castañeda
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Martínez
authors.forename: Mario Henry
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lanz-Mendoza
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide