title: Effect of age of infusion site and type of rapid-acting analog on pharmacodynamic parameters of insulin boluses in youth with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin pump therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of type of insulin analog and age of insertion site on the pharmacodynamic characteristics of a standard insulin bolus in youth with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin pump therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen insulin pump-treated adolescents with type 1 diabetes underwent two euglycemic clamp procedures after a 0.2 unit/kg bolus of either insulin aspart or lispro on day 1 and day 4 of insulin pump site insertion. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) required to maintain euglycemia was the primary pharmacodynamic measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in any of the pharmacodynamic parameters between aspart and lispro during day 1 and day 4. However, when the two groups were combined, time to discontinuation of exogenous glucose infusion, and time to half-maximal onset and offset of insulin action were observed significantly earlier during day 4 compared with day 1 (P = 0.03-0.0004), but the overall area under the GIR curve was similar on day 1 and day 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With both insulin aspart and lispro, there is an earlier peak and shorter duration of action with increasing duration of infusion site use, but overall insulin action is not affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. karena.swan@yale.edu
authors.forename: Karena L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dziura
authors.forename: Garry M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Steil
authors.forename: Gayane R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Voskanyan
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sikes
authors.forename: Amy T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Melody L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Tamborlane
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weinzimer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D061268:Insulin Lispro