Resection of renal tumors invading the vena cava.
Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma remains the mainstay for the management of patients who suffer from this disease. Five percent to 10% of renal cell carcinomas develop a tumor thrombus that propagates into the renal vein or the inferior vena cava. Radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy can provide longstanding survival rates comparable to those for tumors confined to the renal parenchyma. In general the surgical approach is dictated by the cephalad extension of tumor thrombus. This article reviews the authors' experience with 243 patients who suffered from renal cell carcinoma with extension into the venous system with specific reference to the surgical techniques and the long-term outcomes.
Wotkowicz
Chad
C
Department of Urology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA. Chad.wotkowicz@lahey.org
Wszolek
Matthew F
MF
Libertino
John A
JA
D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery