title: Recognition, reflection, and role models: critical elements in education about care in medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical education can be described as a socialization process that has a tendency to produce doctors who struggle to convey to patients that they care. Yet, for people who are suffering, to enjoy the quality of life they are entitled to, it is important that they feel cared for as people, rather than simply attended to as patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article addresses how we teach medical students the art of caring for the person rather than simply treating the disease--a question particularly relevant to end-of-life care where, in addition to the physical needs, attention to the psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual needs of the patient is paramount. Following an overview of what it is to care and why it is important that patients feel cared for, we investigate how we learn to care and develop caring human relationships, describing the development and display of empathy in adulthood and the developmental impact of human interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We outline evidence of situational barriers to effective education about care in medicine including role models, ward culture, and the socialization process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We then propose a model for medical education based on patient contact, reflection, self-care, role model development, and feedback that will see students learn the art of human care as well as the science of disease management.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Education Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. a.janssen@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Roderick D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: Simon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004645:Empathy; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017145:Models, Educational; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D029181:Spirituality