title: Disseminated tuberculosis following second unrelated cord blood transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: Here we report the case of a 43-year-old Japanese woman with acute myelogenous leukemia who underwent 2 unrelated cord blood transplantations (UCBT), terminating in fatal disseminated tuberculosis (TB). The patient did not achieve remission despite intensive chemotherapy, and subsequently underwent UCBT with a standard conditioning regimen. However, engraftment was not achieved. Fifty days after the first UCBT, the patient underwent a second UCBT with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen. She developed a pre-engraftment immune reaction, which responded well to prednisolone, and engraftment was documented. However, 50 days after the second UCBT, the patient presented with high fever and developed pneumonia despite antibiotic and antifungal treatments. Thereafter, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in blood cultures and specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage, thus indicating disseminated TB. Despite anti-tuberculous treatment, she died on day 85. TB should always be considered as a possible diagnosis when treating febrile immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamezaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagafuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000628:therapy*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents