title: Overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human endometrial carcinoma cells induces rapid tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that induces immune tolerance in mice. Our prior study showed that high tumoral IDO expression in endometrial cancer tissues correlates with disease progression and impaired patient survival. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the functional role of IDO in human endometrial cancer cells and to investigate the therapeutic potential of IDO inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  IDO cDNA was transfected into the human endometrial carcinoma cell line AMEC, resulting in the establishment of stable clones of IDO-overexpressing AMEC cells (AMEC-IDO). AMEC-IDO cells were characterized in vitro as well as in vivo using a mouse xenograft model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in in vitro cell proliferation, migration, or chemosensitivity to paclitaxel between AMEC-IDO and control vector-transfected cells (AMEC-pcDNA). However, in vivo tumor growth was markedly enhanced in AMEC-IDO-xenografted nude mice when compared with AMEC-pcDNA-xenografted mice. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell counts in AMEC-IDO-xenografted mice were significantly decreased when compared with control mice. Furthermore, conditioned medium obtained from AMEC-IDO cell cultures markedly reduced the NK lysis activity of nude mice. Finally, oral administration of the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan in combination with paclitaxel in AMEC-IDO-xenografted mice strongly potentiated the antitumor effect of paclitaxel, resulting in significantly prolonged survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence showing that IDO overexpression in human cancer cells contributes to tumor progression in vivo with suppression of NK cells. Our data suggest that targeting IDO may be a novel therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kiyosumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018450:Disease Progression; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D017239:Paclitaxel