Comparative efficacy of maropitant and selected drugs in preventing emesis induced by centrally or peripherally acting emetogens in dogs.
Maropitant (Cerenia; a novel, selective neurokinin(1) receptor antagonist), chlorpromazine, metoclopramide and ondansetron were compared in two randomized, placebo-controlled studies for efficacy in preventing emesis induced by emetogens acting centrally (apomorphine; Study 1) or peripherally (syrup of ipecac; Study 2) in dogs. In each study, ten male and ten female beagles were treated in a five-treatment, five-period crossover design. The five treatments were 0.9% saline (0.1 mL/kg), maropitant (1 mg/kg), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine (0.5 mg/kg) all administered subcutaneously, or ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously. One hour posttreatment dogs were challenged with apomorphine at 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (Study 1) or syrup of ipecac at 0.5 mL/kg orally (Study 2). Following emetogen challenge, dogs were observed for 30 min (Study 1) or 1 h (Study 2) for emesis. No clinical signs, other than those related to emesis, were observed. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced centrally by apomorphine was not different (P > 0.05) from metoclopramide or chlorpromazine but was superior (P < 0.0001) to ondansetron. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced by syrup of ipecac was not different (P > 0.05) from ondansetron but was superior (P </= 0.0102) to metoclopramide or chlorpromazine. Maropitant was effective (P < 0.0001 relative to control) in preventing vomiting caused by stimulation of either central or peripheral emetic pathways, whereas the other drugs examined prevented vomiting caused by central (metoclopramide and chlorpromazine; P < 0.0001) or peripheral (ondansetron; P < 0.0001) stimulation but not both.
Sedlacek
H S
HS
Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Pfizer Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
Ramsey
D S
DS
Boucher
J F
JF
Eagleson
J S
JS
Conder
G A
GA
Clemence
R G
RG
D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004639:Emetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007486:Ipecac / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
D004639:Emetics; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines; C518176:maropitant; D007486:Ipecac; D001058:Apomorphine