title: Anti-inflammatory activities of Sieboldogenin from Smilax china Linn.: experimental and computational studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smilax china Linn. is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as well as in Pakistan for several medicinal purposes including their use in inflammatory disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the current study were to validate and assess the folk use of Smilax china Linn. on pharmacological grounds using the isolated compound at molecular, in vivo and computational levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seiboldogenin was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the plant crude extract. In vitro lipoxygenase and in vivo carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema models were used in experimental studies while molecular docking technique was used to conduct computational study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sieboldogenin showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition (IC50: 38 microM). It also exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.05) of carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema at the doses of 10 and 50mg/kg. Computational molecular docking showed its molecular interaction with important amino acid residues in the catalytic site of lipoxygenase, revealing its potential binding mode at molecular level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sieboldogenin seems to be a potential new anti-inflammatory compound responsible for anti-inflammatory activities of Smilax china Linn. Its in vitro and in vivo inflammatory activities are in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Smilax china Linn. in inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. inam_marwat333@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Inamullah
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nisar
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebad
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.lastname: Samiullah
authors.forename: Fazli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khuda
authors.forename: Nasiara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032281:Smilax / Q000737:chemistry*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C539463:sieboldogenin; D002351:Carrageenan