title: Intracoronary injection of contrast media maps the territory of the coronary artery: an MRI technique for assessing the effects of locally delivered angiogenic therapies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of locally delivered angiogenic factors or stem cells on the coronary artery perfusion territory are not well defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of the selective injection of magnetic resonance contrast media (MR-CM) to map and quantify the territories of the major coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selective coronary catheterization (n = 16 pigs) was performed under x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fluoroscopy in an x-ray and magnetic resonance suite. Catheters were placed in the left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex, or right coronary artery. The coronary perfusion territories were mapped by the intracoronary injection of MR-CM using first-pass perfusion (FPP) and early contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI. Cine MRI was used to quantify left ventricular (LV) mass. In 12 animals, the LAD coronary artery was occluded by microspheres to create infarctions. Infarct size was measured on delayed enhanced (DE) MRI after the intravenous injection of MR-CM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  X-ray and magnetic resonance fluoroscopy were successfully used to catheterize the coronary arteries. The perfusion territories of the coronary arteries were defined as hyperenhanced regions on FPP and CE MRI. The LAD coronary artery territory was 33.7 +/- 2.2% of LV mass on FPP MRI and 33.0 +/- 2.3% on CE MRI (P = .63). Bland-Altman analysis showed close agreement between the two methods (0.7 +/- 5.0%). DE MRI demonstrated the infarcted myocardium as hyperenhanced subregions of the perfusion territory (7.5 +/- 1.2% of LV mass).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional cardiac x-ray and magnetic resonance fluoroscopy can be used to map and quantify the perfusion territory of each coronary artery. This experimental method can be used before and after the local delivery of angiogenic factors and stem cell therapy to determine their efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94134-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Maythem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D008863:Microspheres; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA