title: Regulating the regulators: mechanisms controlling the maturation of microRNAs.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control diverse cellular and developmental events through repression of large sets of target mRNAs. Regulated transcription of the genes encoding miRNAs by RNA polymerase II promotes specific expression patterns of individual miRNAs. However, recent studies have established that substantial regulation of mature miRNA accumulation also occurs after transcription. Here, we review the mechanisms of such post-transcriptional regulation, with a particular focus on examples where molecular mechanisms or physiological principles are beginning to emerge. Elucidating these mechanisms will increase our understanding of gene regulation and provide new insights into causes of miRNA misexpression in diseases such as cancer.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, WRO-1066.1.38, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xavier C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grosshans
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D014157:Transcription Factors