title: From psychosurgery to neuromodulation: deep brain stimulation for intractable Tourette syndrome.
abstract: Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It is often associated with depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, self-injurious behaviour and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In intractable patients, neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation (DBS) has widely replaced psychosurgery. Three different key structures are defined for DBS, the medial portion of the thalamus, the globus pallidus internus and the anterior limb of the internal capsule/nucleus accumbens. This is a comprehensive overview on the effect of DBS on motor and non-motor symptoms using different case series and two larger studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. ineuner@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neuner
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podoll
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Janouschek
authors.forename: Tanja M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Abigail J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sheldrick
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000639:trends*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome