title: Gender-dependent impact of risk factors for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis.
abstract: We investigated whether mortality risk factors are gender dependent in haemodialysis patients. Patients (n = 230; 118 women, 112 men) on haemodialysis were followed for 52 months to assess the incidence of death due to cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular causes. Survival was compared by Cox regression analysis using age, diabetes, pre-existing coronary disease, troponin T and C-reactive protein as covariates. In total, 120 participants (52.2%) died within the 52 months of follow-up: 57 patients died of cardiovascular disease, 35 patients died of infectious diseases. Cox regression revealed that age, pre-existing coronary heart disease and troponin T were independent all-cause mortality risk factors for both sexes. Analyzing men and women separately revealed that diabetes and C-reactive protein seemed to be a stronger risk factors for all-cause mortality in women. Cardiovascular mortality was predicted by troponin T in women (relative risk = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.67-15.88; p = 0.004), but not in men (relative risk = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.72-3.96; p = 0.23). Our study showed for the first time that the impact of risk factors in predicting death due to cardiovascular disease is clearly gender dependent.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research/Department of Pharmacology, Charité, Berlin, Germany. berthold.hocher@charite.de
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hocher
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godes
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liefeldt
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziebig
authors.forename: Johannes-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stasch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quaschning
authors.forename: Thiemo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfab
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D020107:Troponin T