title: Do fatty acids help in overcoming reading difficulties? A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and carnosine supplementation on children with dyslexia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are claims that dietary supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids could help children with dyslexia to overcome their reading problems. However, these claims have not yet been empirically tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to test whether dietary supplementation was superior to placebo in treating reading, spelling or other reading-related skills of children with dyslexia. The experimental group (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, n = 30) ate dietary supplements and the control group (placebo, n = 31) placebos during the 90-day treatment period. The supplements contained omega-3 fatty acid (ethyl-EPA, 500 mg/day) and carnosine (400 mg/day). The groups were matched for reading skills, grade, gender, attention problems, intelligence and amount of special education. The literacy-related skills of the two groups were assessed before and after the treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No group differences were observed between EPA and placebo in measures of reading accuracy or speed, spelling, decoding fluency, arithmetical skills, reading-related language skills, attention or behavioural problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings do not support the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acid (ethyl-EPA) or carnosine has a role in the treatment of reading and spelling problems in children with dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, University of Jyväskylä, Niilo Mäki Institute, P.O. BOX35, Jyväskylä 40014,Finland. leila.kairaluoma@nmi.fi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kairaluoma
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Närhi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerholm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aro
mesh_terms: D002336:Carnosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002336:Carnosine; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid