title: Association of psychosocial and demographic factors with postpartum negative thoughts and appraisals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of psychosocial and demographic factors on symptoms of postpartum depression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether particular maternal sociodemographic variables were associated with postpartum negative thoughts and negative appraisals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from a community sample of 181 mothers with infants aged 0 to 7 months. Participants completed and returned anonymous questionnaires including the Postnatal Negative Thoughts Questionnaire (PNTQ) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The PNTQ is a self-report scale to detect and measure postpartum negative cognitions. It consists of 2 factors: "baby- related and motherhood negative thoughts" (BRM-NT) and "appraisals of cognition, emotion and situation" (ACES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed that practical and emotional support and satisfaction with this support were related to low ACES scores, and mothers of infant boys were more likely to have high ACES scores (ie, more negative appraisals of their own thinking). Satisfaction with practical and emotional support was also related to low BRM-NT scores. Logistic regression analyses revealed that sex of infant predicted ACES scores, whereby having a boy predicted high ACES scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this study found that postpartum negative thoughts and negative appraisals are correlated with the amount and satisfaction of support received, and having an infant boy was found to reliably predict a tendency to appraise thoughts negatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bolton Salford & Trafford NHS Mental Health Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom. Pauline.Hall@gmw.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Pauline L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009341:Negativism; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking