title: RANTES modulates the release of glutamate in human neocortex.
abstract: The effects of the recombinant chemokine human RANTES (hRANTES) on the release of glutamate from human neocortex glutamatergic nerve endings were investigated. hRANTES facilitated the spontaneous release of d [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]DASP-) by binding Pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), whose activation caused Ca(2+) mobilization from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores and cytosolic tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylations. Facilitation of release switched to inhibition when the effects of hRANTES on the 12 mM K(+)-evoked [(3)H]D-ASP exocytosis were studied. Inhibition of exocytosis relied on activation of Pertussis toxin-sensitive GPCRs negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Both hRANTES effects were prevented by met-RANTES, an antagonist at the chemokine receptors (CCRs) of the CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 subtypes. Interestingly, human neocortex glutamatergic nerve endings seem to possess all three receptor subtypes. Blockade of CCR1 and CCR5 by antibodies against the extracellular domain of CCRs prevented both the hRANTES effect on [(3)H]D-ASP release, whereas blockade of CCR3 prevented inhibition, but not facilitation, of release. The effects of RANTES on the spontaneous and the evoked release of [(3)H]D-ASP were also observed in experiments with mouse cortical synaptosomes, which may therefore represent an appropriate animal model to study RANTES-induced effects on neurotransmission. It is concluded that glutamate transmission can be modulated in opposite directions by RANTES acting at distinct CCR receptor subtypes coupled to different transduction pathways, consistent with the multiple and sometimes contrasting effects of the chemokine.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Musante
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longordo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedrazzi
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalfas
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pittaluga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D019579:Neocortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054388:Receptors, CCR / Q000378:metabolism; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D010080:Oxazoles; C108335:RANTES, Met-; D054388:Receptors, CCR; C120673:benzyloxyaspartate; C108644:xestospongin A; D014316:Tritium; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid; D002118:Calcium