title: Expression profiling of genes targeted by bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in macrophages through DNA microarray.
abstract: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory function and underlying genes targeted by bilberry, gene expression profiling through DNA microarray was performed on bilberry extract-treated macrophages. Among 22,050 oligonucleotides, the expression levels of 998 genes were increased by > or = twofold in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264 cells, 358 gene signals of which were attenuated by bilberry extract (> or = 1.5-fold). Expression levels of 2,086 genes were decreased by > or = twofold in LPS-activated cells, of which 939 gene signals were enhanced by bilberry extract (> or = 1.5-fold). Utilizing Panther group analysis, 308 genes affected by bilberry extract were classified into 43 categories relating to biological processes (97), molecular functions (186), and signaling pathways (26) with > or = 1.5-fold change. The genes categorized as "defense, inflammatory response, cytokines activities, and receptor activities" were further identified, and some of them were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The DNA microarray results provide a molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory effects of bilberry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: De-Xing
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D029800:Vaccinium myrtillus
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C073305:Vaccinium myrtillus extract