title: Self-identification and empathy modulate error-related brain activity during the observation of penalty shots between friend and foe.
abstract: The ability to detect and process errors made by others plays an important role is many social contexts. The capacity to process errors is typically found to rely on sites in the medial frontal cortex. However, it remains to be determined whether responses at these sites are driven primarily by action errors themselves or by the affective consequences normally associated with their commission. Using an experimental paradigm that disentangles action errors and the valence of their affective consequences, we demonstrate that sites in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), including the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), respond to action errors independent of the valence of their consequences. The strength of this response was negatively correlated with the empathic concern subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. We also demonstrate a main effect of self-identification by showing that errors committed by friends and foes elicited significantly different BOLD responses in a separate region of the middle anterior cingulate cortex (mACC). These results suggest that the way we look at others plays a critical role in determining patterns of brain activation during error observation. These findings may have important implications for general theories of error processing.
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. rogern@nici.ru.nl
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Newman-Norlund
authors.forename: Shanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Hein T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: van Schie
authors.forename: Ellen R A
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: De Bruijn
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bekkering
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012649:Self Concept; D012916:Soccer / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen