title: Dissecting intramyocardial hematoma: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, outcomes and delineation by echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In large necropsy studies dissecting intramyocardial hematoma (DIH) with serpiginous tracts across the myocardial fibers has been reported in both the septum and the left ventricle free wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 15 patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in which DIH was demonstrated by either transthoracic and/or transesophageal and confirmed intraoperatively or by necropsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nine patients the hemorrhagic dissection was predominantly in the septum and in the remaining it was in the free wall of the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial infarction involved the left ventricular inferior wall in two, and the anterior wall in 13 patients. The overall mortality was 47%, and in the group with septal hematoma it reached to 78%. Echocardiography disclosed the various acoustic densities of the evolving intramyocardial hematoma, its extension through the hemorrhagic dissection, its spontaneous reabsorption, as well as its communication with the ventricular cavities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echocardiography is the method of choice for the noninvasive diagnosis of patients with suspected myocardial rupture and intramyocardial dissection postmyocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chavez, México, DF, Mexico. eco_vargas@terra.com.mx
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas-Barrón
authors.forename: Francisco-Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Cárdenas
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molina-Carrión
authors.forename: Clara-Andrea
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Antona
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabalgoitia
authors.forename: Marco-Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez Rios
authors.forename: Julio E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006342:Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity