title: T-614, a novel immunomodulator, attenuates joint inflammation and articular damage in collagen-induced arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T-614 is a novel oral antirheumatic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Whether it has immunomodulatory or disease-modifying properties and its mechanism of action are largely undetermined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with T-614 (5 and 20 mg/kg) daily. Animals receiving methotrexate (1 mg/kg every 3 days) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent nimesulide (10 mg/kg per day) were used as controls. A combination therapy group was treated with both T-614(10 mg/kg per day) and methotrexate (1 mg/kg every 3 days). Hind paw swelling was evaluated and radiographic scores calculated. Serum cytokine levels were assessed by Bio-plex analysis. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate expression of mRNA for interferon-gamma, IL-4 and IL-17. Serum IL-17 and anti-type II collagen antibodies (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgM) were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral T-614 inhibited paw swelling and offered significant protection against arthritis-induced cartilage and bone erosion, comparable to the effects of methotrexate. CIA rats treated with T-614 exhibited decreases in both mRNA expression of IL-17 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node cells, and circulating IL-17 in a dose-dependent manner. T-614 also reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. A synergistic effect was observed for the combination of methotrexate and T-614. In addition, T-614 (20 mg/kg per day) depressed production of anti-type II collagen antibodies and differentially affected levels of IgG2a subclasses in vivo, whereas IgM level was decreased without any change in the IgG1 level. Together, the findings presented here indicate that the novel agent T-614 has disease-modifying effects against experimental arthritis, as opposed to nimesulide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggested that T-614 is an effective disease-modifying agent that can prevent bone/cartilage destruction and inflammation in in CIA rats. Combination with methotrexate markedly enhances the therapeutic effect of T-614.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China. dufangya@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Liang-jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jia-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Shun-le
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xin-fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chun-de
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D013449:Sulfonamides; C077313:T 614; D008727:Methotrexate