title: Effect of carvedilol on pulse pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats with adriamycin nephropathy.
abstract: Recent studies indicated pulse pressure as a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke as well as chronic renal failure progression. The present study examined the effects of carvedilol and its combination with captopril on blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, kidney vascular changes and kidney function in spontaneously hypertensive rats with adriamycin nephropathy. Four groups of 20 SHR each were involved: (1) control group: SHR; (2) ADR group: SHR treated with ADR (2mg/kg i.v. twice in 20 days); (3) ADR-C group: SHR treated with ADR and carvedilol (30 mg/kg/day) and (4) ADR-CC group: SHR treated with ADR and carvedilol (30 mg/kg/day) and captopril (60 mg/kg/day). Systolic-, diastolic- and mean-pressures and pulse pressure were determined at weeks 6 and 12 after the second ADR injection; and body weight, creatinine clearance and proteinuria at weeks -3, 6 and 12. The rats were sacrificed at week 6 or 12, the weights of the left and right ventricles and kidneys measured and the kidney vascular index was calculated as described by Bader and Mayer. Both carvedilol alone and combined with captopril significantly reduced systemic blood pressure but the effect of the latter was more pronounced and registered from week 4 till the end of the study. Carvedilol and its combination with captopril significantly decreased SBP, DBP and MAP. They also decreased PP, prevented the development of LVH, and renal vascular changes and slowed the progression of chronic renal failure and these effects were stronger in the ADR-CC group than in the ADR-C group. The antihypertensive drugs failed to prevent proteinuria in ADR SHR. Significant positive correlations were found between PP (but not SBP, DBP and MAP) and both proteinuria and Ccr in all groups of rats. In conclusion, carvedilol alone, but more strongly in combination with captopril, significantly reduced blood pressure, PP, LVH, renal blood vessel changes and chronic renal failure progression.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: Djurdjica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jovovic
authors.forename: Nevena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihailovic-Stanojevic
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miloradovic
authors.forename: Radomir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naumovic
authors.forename: Jovan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dimitrijevic
authors.forename: Nebojsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maksic
authors.forename: Ljubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Djukanovic
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002216:Captopril; D003404:Creatinine