title: Effects of chronic treatment with vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on female rat bladder in a partial bladder outlet obstruction model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, would protect the bladder from decompensatory changes in a 4-week rat bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) model, as evidence has been accumulating that PDE-5 inhibitors improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 50 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups; group 1, sham operated vehicle control rats; group 2, BOO vehicle rats; group 3-5, BOO rats given oral vardenafil at 5, 20, 80 mg/L, respectively. Vardenafil was given in drinking water from the day of surgery. At 4-weeks after the introduction of BOO, vardenafil was washed-out by giving water for 24-48 h, and then the bladder was excised and dissected into four longitudinal strips for isometric organ-bath assay. Contractile responses of bladder strips to electrical field stimulation (EFS), carbachol and KCl was determined for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BOO induced a significant increase in bladder weight in group 2 compared with group 1. Bladder weights of groups 3-5 were not significantly different from that of group 2. The contractile forces in response to EFS, carbachol and KCl in group 2 were 30.7-51.7% of those in group 1. Vardenafil treatment in groups 3-5 generally did not block the BOO-induced reduction of contractile force in the bladder strips. However, treatment with a high dose of vardenafil resulted in a significant increase in the contractile response to carbachol (78.4% group 5 vs 51.7% group 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic treatment with a high dose of vardenafil protected the rat bladder from BOO-induced contractile dysfunction to carbachol.
authors.affiliation: Urological and Urodynamic Center, Koushinkai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. seiji_matsumoto@e-hainyo.com
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride