title: Safety evaluation of superabsorbent baby diapers.
abstract: Superabsorbent disposable baby diapers are sophisticated, well-engineered products that provide many benefits including convenience, comfort, exceptional leakage protection, improved hygiene and skin care benefits compared with cloth diapers. Safety assurance is an integral part of the diaper development process at Procter & Gamble, with the goal of ensuring safety for both caregivers and babies. A systematic, stepwise approach to safety assessment starts with a thorough evaluation of new design features and materials, using the principles of general risk assessment including, as appropriate, controlled trials to assess clinical endpoints or independent scientific review of safety data. The majority of the diaper materials are polymers that are safe and do not have inherent toxicity issues. Trace amounts of non-polymeric materials, such as colorants, are assessed based on their skin contact potential. New materials or design features are introduced in marketed products only if they have been shown to be safe under the conditions of recommended or foreseeable use. The product safety continues to be confirmed after launch by means of in-market monitoring. This article provides a broad overview of human safety exposure-based risk assessment used at Procter & Gamble for absorbent hygiene products.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosemund
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schlatter
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ochsenhirt
authors.forename: Edburga L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Marsman
authors.forename: Geetha N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Erasala
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D041381:Diapers, Infant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011108:Polymers