title: Functional studies of an evolutionarily conserved, cytochrome b5 domain protein reveal a specific role in axonemal organisation and the general phenomenon of post-division axonemal growth in trypanosomes.
abstract: Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are highly conserved structures composed of a canonical 9+2 microtubule axoneme. Several recent proteomic studies of cilia and flagella have been published, including a proteome of the flagellum of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Comparing proteomes reveals many novel proteins that appear to be widely conserved in evolution. Amongst these, we found a previously uncharacterised protein which localised to the axoneme in T. brucei, and therefore named it Trypanosome Axonemal protein (TAX)-2. Ablation of the protein using RNA interference in the procyclic form of the parasite has no effect on growth but causes a reduction in motility. Using transmission electron microscopy, various structural defects were seen in some axonemes, most frequently with microtubule doublets missing from the 9+2 arrangement. RNAi knockdown of TAX-2 expression in the bloodstream form of the parasite caused defects in growth and cytokinesis, a further example of the effects caused by loss of flagellar function in bloodstream form T. brucei. In procyclic cells we used a new set of vectors to ablate protein expression in cells expressing a GFP:TAX-2 fusion protein, which enabled us to easily quantify protein reduction and visualise axonemes made before and after RNAi induction. This establishes a useful generic technique but also revealed a specific observation that the new flagellum on the daughter trypanosome continues growth after cytokinesis. Our results provide evidence for TAX-2 function within the axoneme, where we suggest that it is involved in processes linking the outer doublet microtubules and the central pair.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gull
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D054468:Axoneme / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D019295:Computational Biology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D015786:Cytochromes b5 / Q000737:chemistry; D048749:Cytokinesis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005407:Flagella / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015786:Cytochromes b5