title: Olanzapine versus divalproex versus placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate mania: a randomized, 12-week, double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine, divalproex, and placebo in a randomized, double-blind trial in mild to moderate mania (DSM-IV-TR criteria).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted from October 2004 to December 2006. A total of 521 patients from private practices, hospitals, and university clinics were randomly assigned to olanzapine (5-20 mg/day), divalproex (500-2500 mg/day), or placebo for 3 weeks; those completing continued with a 9-week double-blind extension. Efficacy (mean change in Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS] total score was the primary outcome) and safety were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 weeks of treatment, olanzapine-treated (N = 215) and placebo-treated (N = 105) patients significantly differed in YMRS baseline-to-endpoint total score change (p = .034; least squares [LS] mean: -9.4 and -7.4, respectively). Such changes were not significantly different between olanzapine vs. divalproex (N = 201) or divalproex vs. placebo. After 12 weeks of treatment, olanzapine- and divalproex-treated patients significantly differed in YMRS baseline-to-endpoint changes (p = .004; LS mean: -13.3 and -10.7, respectively). Of observed cases, 35.4% (35/99; 3 weeks) to 57.1% (28/49; 12 weeks) had valproate plasma concentrations lower than the recommended valproate therapeutic range, but these patients' YMRS scores were lower than those of patients with valproate concentrations above/within range. Compared with divalproex, after 12 weeks, olanzapine-treated patients had significant increases in weight (p < .001) and in glucose (p < .001), triglyceride (p = .003), cholesterol (p = .024), uric acid (p = .027), and prolactin (p < .001) levels. Divalproex-treated patients had significant decreases in leukocytes (p = .044) and platelets (p < .001) compared with olanzapine after 12 weeks of treatment. The incidence of potentially clinically significant weight gain (>/= 7% from baseline) was higher with olanzapine than with divalproex (3-week: p = .064, 6.4% vs. 2.7%; 12-week: p = .002, 18.8% vs. 8.5%; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine was significantly more efficacious than placebo but not divalproex at 3 weeks and significantly more efficacious than divalproex at 12 weeks. Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly greater increases in weight and in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, and prolactin levels than divalproex-treated patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00094549.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, 450 South Madison Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA. m.tohen@lilly.com
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Amsterdam
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banov
authors.forename: Anantha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shekhar
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bardenstein
authors.forename: Iosif
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grecu-Gabos
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tochilov
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prelipceanu
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oliff
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kryzhanovskaya
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014635:Valproic Acid; D011388:Prolactin; D000077152:Olanzapine