title: Wireless contact lens sensor for intraocular pressure monitoring: assessment on enucleated pig eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment on enucleated pig eyes of a novel and minimally invasive method for the continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP), based on a novel wireless contact lens sensor (CLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The wireless CLS is a disposable silicone soft contact lens with a sensor embedded in it, allowing the wireless measurement of changes in corneal curvature induced by IOP variations. A CLS was adapted and tested on enucleated pig eyes. To demonstrate the measurement principle of the device, the enucleated pig eye was cannulated, allowing precise control of IOP. The CLS signal was then compared to the imposed IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, the IOP of enucleated pig eyes was changed between 11 and 14 mmHg, simulating ocular pulsation. Then, IOP was changed with static steps of 1 mmHg between 20 and 30 mmHg to assess the reproducibility and linearity of the CLS. In both cases, measurements from the CLS and IOP showed very good correlation. A calibration graph shows that the CLS is capable of monitoring the IOP of each individual eye with a reproducibility of +/- 0.2 mmHg (95% confidence interval).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The wireless CLS shows a good functionality to monitor the IOP on enucleated pig eyes. The device is placed in the same way as a soft disposable contact lens. This device would allow a minimally invasive and continuous monitoring of IOP over prolonged periods of up to 24 hr, regardless of patient activity, thus opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic methods to manage glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland. matteo.leonardi@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Elie M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pitchon
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertsch
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mermoud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003261:Contact Lenses; D004867:Equipment Design; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008838:Microcomputers; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation*