title: Development and validation of IMPACT-S, an ICF-based questionnaire to measure activities and participation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IMPACT-S is the screener part of the ICF Measure of Participation and ACTivities questionnaire. IMPACT-S consists of 33 items in 9 scales, reflecting the 9 activity and participation chapters of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The reliability and validity of IMPACT-S as an independent brief measure of activities and participation was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated administration of a postal questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Road accident victims were recruited through several Dutch hospitals and rehabilitation centres. A total of 276 patients participated and 197 took part in both measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examination of test-retest reliability, reproducibility and construct validity. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II) was included as criterion measure for concurrent validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Types of main injury were fractures (38%), trauma?tic brain injury (37%), spinal cord injury (13%), whiplash (9%) and other (3%). Mean time after injury was 2.2 years. Internal consistency of IMPACT-S was satisfying for all 9 domains (0.75-0.89) and excellent for the total score (0.96). Test-retest reliability was good at item level (0.44-0.72), domain level (0.72-0.92) and total score (0.94). Strong correlations (0.61-0.88) between IMPACT-S and corresponding WHODAS-II scores were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMPACT-S is a reliable and valid generic measure of activity limitations and participation restrictions that fits the ICF.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Centre De Hoogstraat and Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.post@dehoogstraat.nl
authors.forename: Marcel W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Luc P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Witte
authors.forename: Enid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichrath
authors.forename: Manon M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Verdonschot
authors.forename: Gert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wijlhuizen
authors.forename: Rom J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Perenboom
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*