title: Application of artificial intelligent tools to modeling of glucosamine preparation from exoskeleton of shrimp.
abstract: The objective of this study was to forecast and optimize the glucosamine production yield from chitin (obtained from Persian Gulf shrimp) by means of genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as tools of artificial intelligence methods. Three factors (acid concentration, acid solution to chitin ratio, and reaction time) were used as the input parameters of the models investigated. According to the obtained results, the production yield of glucosamine hydrochloride depends linearly on acid concentration, acid solution to solid ratio, and time and also the cross-product of acid concentration and time and the cross-product of solids to acid solution ratio and time. The production yield significantly increased with an increase of acid concentration, acid solution ratio, and reaction time. The production yield is inversely related to the cross-product of acid concentration and time. It means that at high acid concentrations, the longer reaction times give lower production yields. The results revealed that the average percent error (PE) for prediction of production yield by GA, PSO, and ANN are 6.84, 7.11, and 5.49%, respectively. Considering the low PE, it might be concluded that these models have a good predictive power in the studied range of variables and they have the ability of generalization to unknown cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. valizadeh@tbzmed.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourmahmood
authors.forename: Javid Shahbazi
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mojarrad
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zakeri-Milani
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005103:Expert Systems; D005544:Forecasting; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D002686:Chitin; D005944:Glucosamine