title: Learning to connect: students' reflections on doctor-patient interactions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reflective writing is an established method for teaching medical students empathetic interactions, though little is known about students' reflections on connecting with patients during the clinical clerkship. The purpose of this study was to describe factors that medical students perceive contribute to or detract from making connections with patients and families, as identified in a writing assignment during the pediatric clinical clerkship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reflective essays submitted by third-year medical students about interacting with patients/families during their pediatric clerkship were qualitatively analyzed for thematic content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major themes emerging in 44 essays analyzed included time, knowledge, language and culture, and actions. Barriers to connecting for some students were considered resources by others. Critical reflection was present in 31.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students' perceptions of factors that influence their interactions with patients and families will enhance or detract their ability to make connections. Through reflection, medical students - amidst clinical responsibilities - can identify how, why, and whether or not connections with patients/families have occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognizing what factors medical students perceive as enhancing and detracting from connecting with patients/families will help preceptors foster those connections and mitigate barriers. Future study could assess how to best provide specific individualized feedback to best enhance critical reflection. We recommend the inclusion of brief reflective writing exercises during clinical clerkships in medical school, as it may augment students' ability to connect.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Community Health, Children's National Medical Center, United States. tkind@cnmc.org
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Veronica R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ottolini
mesh_terms: D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D033262:Narration; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States; D014956:Writing