title: Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor neuropilin-1 in the human endometrium.
abstract: Angiogenesis is a key process in the endometrium which undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle. Molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acting via two tyrosine kinase family receptors (VEGFR1 [Flt-1] and VEGFR2 [KDR/Flk-1]), are potent modulators of angiogenesis and vascular remodelling in the endometrium. Recently, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was shown to be expressed in endothelial cells binding VEGF(165) and therewith enhancing the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR2. This suggests that NRP-1, in addition to the known VEGF receptors, may play an important role in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. In this study, the expression of NRP-1 in the cycling human endometrium has been investigated by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semi-quantitative competitive RT-PCR (RT-cPCR) and immunohistochemical staining. NRP-1 was expressed in all 32 endometrium samples throughout the menstrual cycle. However, samples from the proliferative phase showed significantly higher expression levels of NRP-1 mRNA compared to samples from the secretory phase (t/c-ratio 2.13 vs. 0.84, p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the results showing increased NRP-1 staining in vascular endothelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells of the proliferative phase endometrium. This study demonstrates mRNA and protein expression of NRP-1 in human endometrium samples throughout the menstrual cycle. The enhanced expression of NRP-1 in the proliferative phase suggests that it may participate in hormonally regulated changes of endometrial angiogenesis, preparing the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo. NRP-1 expression might act as a co-factor for VEGF(165) enhancing the angiogenic stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center, Duesseldorf, Germany. hess@unikid.de
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schanz
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Baston-Buest
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirchenhain
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stoff-Khalili
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bielfeld
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kruessel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor