title: Synergistic promotion of breast cancer cells death by targeting molecular chaperone GRP78 and heat shock protein 70.
abstract: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies and protects cancer cells against apoptosis in response to various stresses. The bioflavonoid quercetin inhibits HSP70 expression and induces cancer cells apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of HSP70 down-regulation on the unfolded protein response (UPR) and addressed a novel strategy to enhance the proapoptotic effect of quercetin by suppressing GRP78 induction simultaneously. Treatment of human breast cancer cells with quercetin down-regulates HSP70 expression, but up-regulates GRP78 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulation of HSP70 by small interfering RNA also leads to induction of GRP78. Moreover, our studies reveal that HSP70 knockdown or quercetin induces other typical components of the UPR, including CHOP expression, eIF2alpha and JNK phosphorylation, caspases activation and XBP-1 splicing. Abrogating the induction of pro-survival chaperone GRP78 by small interfering RNA sensitizes breast cancer cells to quercetin. Colony survival assays demonstrate that treatment of breast cancer cells with green tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which binds to the ATP-binding domain of GRP78 and blocks its protective function, synergistically promoted quercetin-induced cell death. These studies reveal that HSP70 down-regulation leads to the induction of UPR. The pro-survival GRP78 induction contributes to quercetin resistance. Abrogation of GRP78 induction or inhibition of GRP78 activity increases the effectiveness of quercetin. These findings indicate that combinational administration of flavonoids capable of suppressing HSP70 and GRP78 such as quercetin and EGCG might represent a novel approach for cancer therapy or chemoprevention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Signal Transduction and Molecular Targeting Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Minjing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ranran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongbo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yangfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases