title: Serum carboxymethyl-lysine, an advanced glycation end product, is associated with increased aortic pulse wave velocity in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between advanced glycation end products and arterial stiffness has previously been examined in highly selected groups of patients with diabetes or hypertension. Our aim was to determine whether elevated serum advanced glycation end products are associated with increased arterial stiffness in relatively healthy, community-dwelling adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of aortic stiffness, and serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as represented by the specific AGE, serum carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), were measured in 493 adults, aged 26-93 years, who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (s.d.) PWV (m/s) was 6.6 (1.8) m/s. Mean CML was 0.47 (0.13) microg/ml. Serum CML (per 1 s.d.) was associated with PWV (beta = 0.16, s.e. = 0.07, P = 0.02), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and other covariates. After excluding all diabetic patients, serum CML (per 1 s.d.) was associated with PWV (beta = 0.18, s.e. = 0.07, P = 0.009), adjusting for the same covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated AGEs are associated with increased arterial stiffness, a known predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, among relatively healthy community-dwelling adults. Interventions to lower levels of AGEs, such as altering the pattern of dietary intake, warrant examination as putative novel strategies to lower arterial stiffness in adults.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: Samer S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine