title: T-cell phenotypic and functional changes associated with social subordination and gene polymorphisms in the serotonin reuptake transporter in female rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Increased vulnerability to psychosocial stressors likely predisposes individuals to decreased immune function and inability to control pathogens. While many factors influence the susceptibility to psychosocial stress, genetic polymorphisms may modify individual reactivity to environmental stressors. The present study evaluated how immune function was altered by the interaction of in polymorphisms in the gene that encodes the serotonin reuptake transporter (5HTT) and the psychosocial stress imposed by social subordination in adult female rhesus monkeys. Subjects were dominant and subordinate females that carried both alleles of the long promoter variant (l/l) of the 5HTT gene, and dominant and subordinate that had at least one allele for the short promoter length variant (l/s or s/s, s-variant). Plasma cortisol was higher in subordinate females in response to a social separation paradigm, confirming their increased reactivity to psychosocial stressors. Subordinate females exhibited increased T-cell activation and proliferation regardless of genotype. Despite these higher levels of T-cell proliferation and activation, subordinate females showed significantly lower frequency of T-cells. This latter finding may be due to an increased susceptibility to cell death, as indicated by higher levels of annexin-V+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in s-variant subordinate compared to dominant females. These findings indicate that subordinate rhesus monkeys with the s-variant 5HTT genotype exhibit decreased T-cell numbers perhaps compromising their ability to mount an immune response to pathogens. These data underscore the importance for considering gene polymorphisms that influence emotional reactivity to better understand susceptibility to disease.
authors.affiliation: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paiardini
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cervasi
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Fawn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012931:Social Environment; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins