title: Agreement between direct and indirect blood pressure measurements obtained from anesthetized Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of agreement between direct and indirect blood pressure measurements obtained from healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) anesthetized with isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parrots were anesthetized, and a 26-gauge, 19-mm catheter was placed percutaneously in the superficial ulnar artery for direct measurement of systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressures. Indirect blood pressure measurements were obtained with a Doppler ultrasonic flow detector and an oscillometric unit. The Bland-Altman method was used to compare direct and indirect blood pressure values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was substantial disagreement between direct systolic arterial blood pressure and indirect blood pressure measurements obtained with the Doppler detector from the wing (bias, 24 mm Hg; limits of agreement, -37 to 85 mm Hg) and from the leg (bias, 14 mm Hg; limits of agreement, -14 to 42 mm Hg). Attempts to obtain indirect blood pressure measurements with the oscillometric unit were unsuccessful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that there was substantial disagreement between indirect blood pressure measurements obtained with a Doppler ultrasonic flow detector in anesthetized Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and directly measured systolic arterial blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Acierno
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.forename: David Sanchez-Migallon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Verna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D046708:Amazona / Q000502:physiology*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane