title: Luteinizing hormone-induced up-regulation of ErbB-2 is insufficient stimulant of growth and invasion in ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: The effects of luteinizing hormone (LH), a gonadotropic hormone implicated in the development of ovarian cancer, are mediated by specific binding to its G protein-coupled receptor, the LH receptor (LHR). Activated LHR initiates second messenger responses, including cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inositol phosphate. Because cAMP increases expression of ErbB-2, a receptor tyrosine kinase whose overexpression in cancers correlates with poor survival, we hypothesized that LH may regulate ErbB-2 expression. Cell surface LHR expression in stable transformants of the ErbB-2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was confirmed by PCR and whole-cell ligand binding studies. Second messenger accumulation in the LHR-expressing cells confirmed signaling through Gs and Gq. Western blots of total protein revealed that LHR introduction up-regulated ErbB-2 protein expression 2-fold and this was further up-regulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner in response to LH. Forskolin and 8Br-cAMP also up-regulated ErbB-2 in both LHR-expressing and mock-transfected cells, indicating that regulation of ErbB-2 is a cAMP-mediated event. Kinase inhibitor studies indicated the involvement of protein kinase A-mediated, protein kinase C-mediated, epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated, and ErbB-2-mediated mechanisms. The LH-induced up-regulation of ErbB-2 was insufficient to overcome the negative effects of LH on proliferation, invasion, and migration. A molecular signature for this nonaggressive phenotype was determined by Taqman array to include increased and decreased expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins and metalloproteinases, respectively. These data establish a role for LH and LHR in the regulation of ErbB-2 expression and suggest that, in some systems, ErbB-2 up-regulation alone is insufficient in producing a more aggressive phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Susanne W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Warrenfeltz
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.forename: Travis M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Judy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puett
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011974:Receptors, LH