title: Postured voxel-based human models for electromagnetic dosimetry.
abstract: High-resolution anatomically realistic whole-body voxel models have recently been developed for electromagnetic dosimetry. However, the posture of most models is similar to the standing one, which strongly limits electromagnetic dosimetry when simulating a realistic exposure scenario. In this paper, we present the development of postured models based on anatomically realistic voxel models with standing posture. Voxel models of the Japanese adult male and female were used as the original upright standing models. The Japanese models were composed of 2 mm cubic voxels, each of which was segmented into 51 different tissue types. We developed several different types of posture models using a novel posture transformation method. These posture models were smoothly transformed, while the continuity of the internal tissues and organs was maintained. In this paper, we also present our calculations of the whole-body averaged specific absorption rates (SARs) of sitting male and female models exposed to electromagnetic plane waves at very high (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) bands.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011827:Radiation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014018:Tissue Distribution