title: Origins of intrusions in children's dietary recalls: data from a validation study concerning retention interval and information from school food-service production records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use data from a published validation study concerning retention interval and school food-service production records to examine intrusions (uneaten items reported eaten) in the school-meal parts of 24 h recalls.
  
  
  METHODS
  For that study, children were observed eating two school meals (breakfast, lunch) and interviewed under one of six conditions from two target periods (previous day (PDTP), prior 24 h (24TP)) crossed with three interview times (morning, afternoon (AIT), evening). For the present article, a catalogue was constructed of foods available for that study's school meals. The study's intrusions were classified as stretches (on children's meal trays but uneaten), internal confabulations (in children's school food-service environments for that meal but not on children's trays) or external confabulations (not in children's school food-service environments for that meal). Occurrence, types and amounts of intrusions were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six schools; sixty fourth-grade children (ten per condition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For breakfast, for the 24TP v. PDTP, reported items were less likely to be intrusions, internal confabulations and external confabulations; and intrusions were more likely to be stretches. For lunch, for the 24TP-AIT condition v. the other five conditions, reported items were less likely to be intrusions and external confabulations. Mean amounts reported eaten were smaller for stretches than for internal confabulations or external confabulations at breakfast, and for stretches than for internal confabulations at lunch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accuracy was better for the 24TP (with fewer intrusions of which proportionally more were stretches which had smaller amounts reported eaten) than for the PDTP. Studies with 24 h recalls should minimize retention interval to improve accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Families in Society, 1600 Hampton Street, Suite 507, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. sbaxter@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: Suzanne Domel
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Caroline H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Guinn
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: Albert F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D002666:Psychology, Child; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors