title: A new model for the study of high-K(+)-induced preconditioning in cultured neurones: role of N-methyl-d-aspartate and alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
abstract: Spreading depression (SD), whether elicited by local application of high K(+) medium to the cortical surface or by other stimuli, can increase the brain's tolerance to a subsequent, severe ischaemic insult in vivo, a phenomenon termed preconditioning. Herein, we have developed and validated a robust in vitro protocol for high-K(+)-preconditioning of cultured neurones. This new model is especially appropriate to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal preconditioning and subsequent ischaemic tolerance. With this new, optimised preparation, preconditioning was found to be dependent upon culture day in vitro, cell density, K(+) concentration and duration of treatment. Finally, preconditioning was shown to be dependent upon N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), CAM-kinase II signalling and alpha7-nicotinic (alpha7 nACh) receptor function, which is analogous to in vivo preconditioning induced by various stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CINS), School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Science Park, South Road, Durham University, Durham, County Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Rensburg
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Errington
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ennaceur
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Obrenovitch
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chazot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: C579165:Chrna7 protein, rat; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2