title: Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease macrophage inflammatory gene expression by dexamethasone and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor N-cyano-N'-(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)guanidine (SB706504).
abstract: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is known to be increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) macrophages. We have studied the effects of the p38 MAPK inhibitor N-cyano-N'-(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)guanidine (SB706504) and dexamethasone on COPD macrophage inflammatory gene expression and protein secretion. We also studied the effects of combined SB706504 and dexamethasone treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were cultured with dexamethasone and/or SB706504. MDMs were used for gene array and protein studies, whereas tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha protein production was measured from AMs. SB706504 caused transcriptional inhibition of a range of cytokines and chemokines in COPD MDMs. The use of SB706504 combined with dexamethasone caused greater suppression of gene expression (-8.90) compared with SB706504 alone (-2.04) or dexamethasone (-3.39). Twenty-three genes were insensitive to the effects of both drugs, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-18, and chemokine (CC motif) ligand (CCL) 5. In addition, the chromosome 4 chemokine cluster members, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8, were all glucocorticoid-resistant. SB706504 significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated TNFalpha production from COPD and smoker AMs, with near-maximal suppression caused by combination treatment with dexamethasone. We conclude that SB706504 targets a subset of inflammatory macrophage genes and when used with dexamethasone causes effective suppression of these genes. SB706504 and dexamethasone had no effect on the transcription of a subset of LPS-regulated genes, including IL-1beta, IL-18, and CCL5, which are all known to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Centre (2nd Floor Office), South Manchester University Hospitals Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK. lauren_m_kent@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Lucy J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plumb
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Steve M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Stuart N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Farrow
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D006146:Guanidines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C535231:N-cyano-N'-(2-((8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)guanidine; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D003907:Dexamethasone; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases