title: The mycotoxin patulin, modulates tight junctions in caco-2 cells.
abstract: The mycotoxin patulin is a common contaminant of fruit. Here, we demonstrate that patulin reduces the barrier properties of the intestinal cell line, caco-2 by specific effects on tight junction components. Within 5h of exposure to 100 microM toxin, the transepithelial electrical resistance of caco-2 monolayers was reduced by approximately 95% and the monolayer became more permeable to FITC-labelled dextrans of 4-40 kDa. Immunoblotting revealed occludin proteolysis and a significant reduction in ZO-1 levels. Patulin had no influence on claudin levels but marked changes in their distribution were observed. These data indicate that patulin decreases the barrier properties of caco-2 monolayers by modulation of the tight junction.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Section of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Padfield
authors.forename: Julian P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D062793:Occludin; D010365:Patulin / Q000633:toxicity*; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity*; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects*; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011042:Poisons; C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D010365:Patulin