title: Subacute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), on the Springtail, Folsomia candida , and the earthworm, Eisenia fetida.
abstract: The ecotoxicological effects of transgenic maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), on two soil invertebrates were studied under laboratory settings. After being reared for 28 days on LTB-maize-treated soils, no apparent mortality of the springtail, Folsomia candida , or the earthworm, Eisenia fetida , was observed at levels well above conservatively projected estimated environmental concentrations. Therefore, it is concluded that there would be no acutely toxic effect of LTB to these species. As for the subacute effect, no significant differences of F. candida mean reproduction and E. fetida mean growth were observed between LTB-maize-treated samples and non-GM-maize-treated controls. In addition, no LTB was detected in the E. fetida whole-body extraction assay, which indicates there was no tendency for bioaccumulation. On the basis of these observations, it is predicted that any adverse effects of LTB-maize on F. candida and E. fetida would be minimal, if any.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Biosafety Institute for Genetically Modified Agricultural Products, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaki
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolt
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coats
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli