title: Improving adherence to surgical hand preparation.
abstract: At present, no universal agreement on detailed practice for surgical hand preparation exists. In order to fill this gap, in 2002 a Franco-German recommendation for surgical hand preparation was published as a first step towards a generally accepted European recommendation. Based on an assessment of the actual literature, a protocol for surgical hand preparation is discussed with the aim to recommend evidence-based standard procedures including prerequisites, washing and disinfection phase, and its practical implementation. In contrast to hygienic hand disinfection, for surgical hand preparation compliance is not an issue, since it mostly is regarded as a ceremony which is carried out without exception. Nevertheless, the following factors influence acceptance and efficacy: skin tolerance, ease of use, duration of procedure, and recommended time), potential for impaired efficacy due to incorrect performance of the procedure, possibility of systemic risks and irritating potential by applied preparations, religious restrictions, ecological aspects, costs and safety. Here, we report our experience with the introduction of a new hand preparation regime in all surgical disciplines in our university hospital based on the above factors. The following statements were evaluated: 1) The immediate efficacy of an alcohol-based hand disinfectant is impaired by a preceding hand wash for up to 10 minutes. Therefore hands should not be routinely washed before the disinfection period unless there is a good reason for it such as visible soiling. 2) A shortened application time (1.5 minutes) is equal to 3 min in terms of efficacy. 3) Hands should be air dried before gloves are put on, otherwise the perforation rate of gloves will increase. 4) The efficacy of alcohol-based disinfectants is significantly higher when hands are allowed to dry for 1 minute after the washing phase and before the disinfection phase. To clarify the above questions before the establishment of the modified technique, the surgical team was invited to a meeting. As a result, the heads of surgical departments supported the new technique and decided to change their practice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Below
authors.forename: C-D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Heidecke
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Assadian
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000592:standards*; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000592:standards*; D020005:Propanols / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D020005:Propanols