title: Quality of life after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most studies documenting beneficial outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CE) are limited to mortality and morbidity rates, costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Few have examined the dependency of patients and how they perceive their own health changes after surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate quality of life and independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and to study its determinants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients admitted in the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) after CE were eligible for this 14-month follow-up study. Patients were contacted 6 months after discharge to complete a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and to have their dependency in ADL evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 59 hospital survivors at 6 months follow-up, 43 completed the questionnaires. Sixty-three percent reported that their general level of health was better on the day they answered the questionnaire than 12 months earlier. Patients had worse SF-36 scores for all domains except bodily pain than a general urban population, and comparison with a group of patients 6 months after surgical ICU discharge showed no differences. Six months after PACU discharge, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of ADL Scale and the Katz Index of ADL demonstrated higher dependency scores (5.9 +/- 2.2 versus 4.3 +/- 2.4 and 0.3 +/- 0.8 versus 0.6 +/- 0.9, p < 0.001 and p = 0.047). Sixty-five percent and 33% were dependent in at least one activity in instrumental and personal ADL, respectively. Patients dependent in at least one ADL task had higher Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) scores (1.0 versus 1.5, p = 0.017). After controlling for multiple comparisons, no significant differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing CE have improved self-perception of quality of life despite being more dependent. Almost all their scores are worse than those in an urban population. We could identify no predictors of greater dependency in ADL tasks six months after PACU discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal. abelha@mail.telepac.pt
authors.forename: Fernando José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Abelha
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome