title: Cigarette smoke induces cellular senescence via Werner's syndrome protein down-regulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Werner's syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes premature aging due to loss-of-function mutations in a gene encoding a member of the RecQ helicase family. Both Werner's syndrome and cigarette smoking accelerate aging. No studies have examined the effect of cigarette smoke on Werner's syndrome protein.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of Werner's syndrome protein in cigarette smoke-induced cellular senescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cellular senescence and amounts of Werner's syndrome protein were measured in fibroblasts isolated from patients with emphysema and compared with age-matched nonsmokers. The in vitro effects of cigarette smoke on amounts of Werner's syndrome protein, function, and senescence were also evaluated in primary human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultured lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with emphysema exhibited a senescent phenotype accompanied by a decrease in Werner's syndrome protein. Cigarette smoke extract decreased Werner's syndrome protein in cultured fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Werner's syndrome protein-deficient fibroblasts were more susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced cellular senescence and cell migration impairment. In contrast, exogenous overexpression of Werner's syndrome protein attenuated the cigarette smoke effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoke induces cellular senescence and cell migration impairment via Werner's syndrome protein down-regulation. Rescue of Werner's syndrome protein down-regulation may represent a potential therapeutic target for smoking-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. toru-nyunoya@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nyunoya
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Monick
authors.forename: Aloysius L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Klingelhutz
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cagley
authors.forename: Charles O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Eiyu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Nukhet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aykin-Burns
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hunninghake
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D053484:RecQ Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014898:Werner Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C120157:TOPORS protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D053484:RecQ Helicases; C098785:WRN protein, human; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase