title: Prevalence, trend, and sociodemographic association of five modifiable lifestyle risk factors for cancer in Alberta and Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the 12-year trend, in Alberta and Canada, of five modifiable lifestyle risk factors for cancer, and their associations with sociodemographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six surveys collected data from Canadians aged > or =12 years. The prevalence, trends, and sociodemographic association of five lifestyle risk factors (smoking, inactivity, excessive drinking, overweight/obesity, and insufficient fruit/vegetable intake) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking and inactivity decreased significantly: by 5.4% and 2.7% (Alberta men) and 4.9% and 12.1% (Alberta women); by 7.5% and 8.5% (Canada men) and 7.7% and 11.9% (Canada women). Excessive drinking increased significantly: by 3.6% (men) and 0.9% (women), Alberta; by 2.5% (men) and 0.9% (women), Canada. Overweight/obesity significantly increased by 6.0% (Alberta) and 4.1% (Canada) in women. Being female, single, highly educated, or having higher income decreased the likelihood of exposure to multiple lifestyle risk factors; being middle aged, widowed/separated/divorced, or in poor health condition increased the likelihood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The downward trends for smoking and physical inactivity were in a direction that may help reduce cancer burden. The excessive drinking and overweight/obesity trends did not change in desired direction and deserve attention. The clustering of the lifestyle risk factors in specific social groups provides useful information for future intervention planning.
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, 10123 99 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada. fengxiao@cancerboard.ab.ca
authors.forename: Feng Xiao
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Siou
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult