title: A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation.
abstract: Angiogenesis does not only depend on endothelial cell invasion and proliferation: it also requires pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts for vessel stabilization. These processes are coordinated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through their cognate receptors on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. PDGF induces neovascularization by priming VSMCs/pericytes to release pro-angiogenic mediators. Although VEGF directly stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, its role in pericyte biology is less clear. Here we define a role for VEGF as an inhibitor of neovascularization on the basis of its capacity to disrupt VSMC function. Specifically, under conditions of PDGF-mediated angiogenesis, VEGF ablates pericyte coverage of nascent vascular sprouts, leading to vessel destabilization. At the molecular level, VEGF-mediated activation of VEGF-R2 suppresses PDGF-Rbeta signalling in VSMCs through the assembly of a previously undescribed receptor complex consisting of PDGF-Rbeta and VEGF-R2. Inhibition of VEGF-R2 not only prevents assembly of this receptor complex but also restores angiogenesis in tissues exposed to both VEGF and PDGF. Finally, genetic deletion of tumour cell VEGF disrupts PDGF-Rbeta/VEGF-R2 complex formation and increases tumour vessel maturation. These findings underscore the importance of VSMCs/pericytes in neovascularization and reveal a dichotomous role for VEGF and VEGF-R2 signalling as both a promoter of endothelial cell function and a negative regulator of VSMCs and vessel maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Moore's UCSD Cancer Center, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Samuel G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Barillas
authors.forename: Lisette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheppke
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stockmann
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Niren
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Angle
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cheresh
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020286:Pericytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor