title: The effects of LIPUS on soft-tissue healing: a review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound is widely used for imaging purposes and as an adjunct to physiotherapy. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), having removed the thermal component found at higher intensities, is used to improve bone healing. However, its potential role in soft-tissue healing is still under investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched on Medline using the keywords: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, LIPUS and LIPUS and soft-tissue healing. Thirty-two suitable articles were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research, mainly pre-clinical, so far has shown encouraging result, with LIPUS able to promote healing in various soft tissues such as cartilage, inter-vertebral disc, etc. The effect on the bone-tendon junction, however, is primarily on bone. The role of LIPUS in treating tendinopathies is questionable. Adequately powered human studies with standardisation of intensities and dosages of LIPUS for each target tissue are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill Stoke on Trent, Staffs, UK.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Richard T C
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Nelmes
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gougoulias
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D003239:Connective Tissue Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods*