title: Estimation of infectious dose and viral shedding rates for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts.
abstract: Infectious dose and shedding rates are important parameters to estimate in order to understand the transmission of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Bath challenge of Atlantic salmon post-smolts was selected as the route of experimental infection as this mimics a major natural route of exposure to IPNV infection. Doses ranging from 10(2) to 10(-4) 50% end-point tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)) mL(-1) sea water were used to estimate the minimum infectious dose for a Scottish isolate of IPNV. The minimum dose required to induce infection in Atlantic salmon post-smolts was <10(-1) TCID(50) mL(-1) by bath immersion (4 h at 10 degrees C). The peak shedding rate for IPNV following intraperitoneal challenge using post-smolts was estimated to be 6.8 x 10(3) TCID(50) h(-1) kg(-1) and occurred 11 days post-challenge. This information may be incorporated into mathematical models to increase the understanding of the dispersal of IPNV from marine salmon sites.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Research Services Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK. urquhartk@marlab.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Dea
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Smail
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Raynard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D018061:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus / Q000502:physiology*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000821:virology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013997:Time Factors; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000502:physiology*