title: The evaluation and treatment of acute epididymitis in a large university based population: are CDC guidelines being followed?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evaluation and treatment of epididymitis in a contemporary population and evaluate adherence to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1999 to 2005, 870 patients from a single institution were diagnosed with epididymitis. Information regarding patient demographics, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment was reviewed. Adherence to CDC guidelines for the treatment of acute epididymitis was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 455 men between 3 and 88 years met inclusion requirements for acute epididymitis. Seven percent of pediatric patients (< 18 years) and 29.5% of adult patients (> or = 18 years) undergoing urine culture demonstrated bacterial growth. Twelve percent of adult patients with urethral swab PCR performed for Chlamydia trachomatis had positive results. A bacterial etiology for epididymitis was documented in 6.6% of pediatric patients and 28% of adult patients who were tested by urine culture and/or urethral swab for C. trachomatis. Less than 35% of adult men underwent the appropriate CDC work-up. Fifty percent of patients, 18-35 years and 85% of patients, > 35 years were prescribed an effective treatment according to CDC guidelines. Patients were less likely to be admitted to the hospital (100 vs. 2.3%) and more likely to be treated with antibiotics than in previously published series (97 vs. 75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDC guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of acute epididymitis were followed in less than 35% of patients seen in a university based health care system. Despite a paucity of documented urinary infection, 97% of adult men are treated empirically with antibiotics often not in accordance with CDC guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 800422, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. CT5T@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Costabile
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult