title: New p53 target, phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 (PRL-1) downregulates p53.
abstract: Most of the p53 target genes, all except MDM2, COP1 and PIRH2, perform functions in apoptosis, differentiation and cell cycle arrest. The aforementioned oncogenes downregulate p53 through a negative feedback mechanism, and thus contribute to tumor development. In this study, we report a new p53 target, PRL-1, which is believed to be a significant regulator in the development and metastasis of a variety of cancer types. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 (PRL-1) overexpression reduced the levels of endogenous and exogenous p53 proteins, and inhibited p53-mediated apoptosis. On the other hand, the ablation of PRL-1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased p53 protein levels. The p53 downregulation was mediated by p53 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, p53 ubiquitination by PRL-1 was achieved through two independent pathways, by inducing PIRH2 transcription and by inducing MDM2 phosphorylation through Akt signaling. In addition, we showed that the PRL-1 gene harbors a p53 response element in the first intron, and its transcription is regulated by the p53 protein. These findings imply that the new oncogenic p53 target, PRL-1, may contribute to tumor development by the downregulation of p53 by a negative feedback mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Y-I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: I-C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: O-J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C471981:COP1 protein, human; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C485369:RCHY1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C490198:PTP4A1 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases