title: The impact of intercurrent EBV infection on ATP levels in CD4+ T cells of pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: ImmuKnow measures ATP (ng/mL) in PHA-activated CD4+ T cells from patient's whole blood. According to published reports, median ImmuKnow is 258 ng/mL in stable pediatric kidney transplant (PKT) recipients > or =12 yr, and 165 ng/mL in those <12 yr. However, data on the effect of infection or AR on ImmuKnow are scarce. We studied the effect of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia on ImmuKnow in PKT with GD. Twenty-eight PKT with GD were reviewed. Group 1 has 19 PKT > or =12 yr, and group 2 has nine PKT <12 yr. Mean follow-up was 19.4 +/- 12 months. All ImmuKnow values discussed in this study were measured during GD +/- fever. None had ImmuKnow pretransplant. EBV DNA was isolated from patient blood by real-time PCR. Group 1 has eight boys and 11 girls (mean age = 16.6 +/- 2.4 yr). Group 2 has two boys and seven girls (mean age = 6 +/- 3.1 yr). Median ImmuKnow was 292 ng/mL in group 1, and 370 ng/mL in group 2. Nine children developed EBV viremia: two in group 1 (median ImmuKnow = 273 ng/mL), and seven in group 2 (median ImmuKnow = 475 ng/mL). Overall mean ImmuKnow in the nine EBV viremic patients was higher than that in the 19 non-viremic ones (422 +/- 176 ng/mL, and 302 +/- 113 ng/mL, respectively, unequal variance t-test, p = 0.08). Eight children developed AR (all in G1, median ImmuKnow = 272 ng/mL). In group 1, one patient developed concurrent EBV viremia and rejection, while another patient developed EBV viremia six months following a rejection episode. In group 2, none developed simultaneous AR, CMV, or BK virus infection with EBV viremia. None developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. In summary, EBV viremia was paradoxically associated with high ImmuKnow in PKT <12 yr. This suggests strong co-stimulation of PHA-activated CD4+ T cells by EBV-transformed B cells.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Institute, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben-Youssef
authors.forename: Pedro W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Shobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahney
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Waheed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baqai
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Arputharaj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kore
authors.forename: Mateen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trimzi
authors.forename: Okechukwu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ojogho
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate