title: Relations among expression of CXCR4, histological patterns, and metastatic potential in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) may acquire a chemokine-mediated mechanism during the process of metastasis. To investigate the involvement of chemokines in metastasis from ACC, expression of CXCR4 in surgical specimens of ACC and two tumor lines transplantable to nude mice was examined immunohistochemically. In addition, the expression levels of CXCR4 protein and mRNA were examined by Western blotting and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that patients whose tumors expressed high levels of CXCR4 had metastases to the regional lymph nodes and the lung, resulting in poor outcomes. ACCs showing a solid or cribriform pattern with distant metastasis were strongly positive for CXCR4, while those showing a tubular or cribriform pattern without metastasis were weakly positive for CXCR4. In the in vivo model, ACCY tumor showed increasing expression levels of CXCR4 with tumor growth, and the histological pattern changed from cribriform to solid. The histological pattern of ACCI, associated with spontaneous metastasis to the neck, changed from cribriform to undifferentiated carcinoma and was highly metastatic to the lung. This tumor showed high levels of CXCR4 protein and mRNA. These results suggest that CXCR4 expression, histological patterns, and metastatic potential are closely related in ACC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zushi
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashitani
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Yukiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyohara
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4