title: Efficacy of TonoLab in detecting physiological and pharmacological changes in rat intraocular pressure: comparison of TonoPen and microneedle manometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of two noninvasive tonometers, TonoLab and TonoPen-XL, in detecting physiological or pharmacological changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) in rat eyes, by comparing them with the microneedle method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley rats, bred under a 12-h light-and-dark cycle, were used. Under systemic anesthesia, eyes were cannulated by a microneedle connected to a transducer and a water reservoir. Variable intracameral pressure was attained by changing the reservoir height, and the resulting tonometer readings were compared. Then, the daytime and nighttime IOP, and the effect at 2 h after latanoprost instillation, were measured with the three devices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TonoLab and TonoPen-XL readings (y) were strongly correlated with microneedle tonometer readings (x) (y=0.96x-4.3, r2=0.985, and y=0.48x+3.9, r2=0.985, respectively), but TonoPen-XL readings were only half those of the microneedle tonometer. Nocturnal elevation of IOP was significant both with TonoLab and with the microneedle tonometer (P<0.001), but not with TonoPen-XL. Latanoprost significantly elevated IOP by 3.0+/-2.1 with TonoLab and by 1.1+/-1.1 mmHg with the microneedle tonometer (P<0.05), but not with TonoPen-XL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TonoLab provides readings similar to those of a microneedle tonometer, and diurnal variations and drug effects were detectable. TonoLab promises to be a noninvasive and useful method for physiological and pharmacological studies in rat eyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. aihara-tky@umin.ac.jp.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. aihara-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D000077338:Latanoprost