title: Experimental analysis of the rice mitochondrial proteome, its biogenesis, and heterogeneity.
abstract: Mitochondria in rice (Oryza sativa) are vital in expanding our understanding of the cellular response to reoxygenation of tissues after anaerobiosis, the crossroads of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and the role of respiratory energy generation in cytoplasmic male sterility. We have combined density gradient and surface charge purification techniques with proteomics to provide an in-depth proteome of rice shoot mitochondria covering both soluble and integral membrane proteins. Quantitative comparisons of mitochondria purified by density gradients and after further surface charge purification have been used to ensure that the proteins identified copurify with mitochondria and to remove contaminants from the analysis. This rigorous approach to defining a subcellular proteome has yielded 322 nonredundant rice proteins and highlighted contaminants in previously reported rice mitochondrial proteomes. Comparative analysis with the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitochondrial proteome reveals conservation of a broad range of known and unknown function proteins in plant mitochondria, with only approximately 20% not having a clear homolog in the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome. As in Arabidopsis, only approximately 60% of the rice mitochondrial proteome is predictable using current organelle-targeting prediction tools. Use of the rice protein data set to explore rice transcript data provided insights into rice mitochondrial biogenesis during seed germination, leaf development, and heterogeneity in the expression of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial components in different rice tissues. Highlights include the identification of components involved in thiamine synthesis, evidence for coexpressed and unregulated expression of specific components of protein complexes, a selective anther-enhanced subclass of the decarboxylating segment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the differential expression of DNA and RNA replication components, and enhanced expression of specific metabolic components in photosynthetic tissues.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaobai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nicolas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narsai
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eubel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: A Harvey
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002458:Cell Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D004579:Electron Transport; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D020543:Proteome