title: Oxygen uptake of the human fetus at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure oxygen uptake of term human fetuses and compare the values between those delivered vaginally following normal labor and those delivered by cesarean section before the onset of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy pregnant women at term (38-42 weeks) were included in this study. Among them, 10 were delivered by elective cesarean section and 10 had normal vaginal delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical vein volume blood flow was measured <24 hours before delivery. Immediately after delivery, the fetal weight was determined, and the umbilical venous and arterial blood samples were obtained. Blood gas analysis was performed and hemoglobin content was measured. Fetal oxygen uptake was calculated as a product of umbilical venous blood flow and the difference in the umbilical arterial and venous oxygen content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the mean oxygen uptake in human fetuses at term (median gestational age 39 weeks) to be 6.58 ml/min/kg (i.e. 0.29 mmol/min/kg). There was no significant difference in oxygen uptake between fetuses delivered following uncomplicated normal labor and those delivered by elective cesarean section before the onset of labor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxygen uptake of the appropriately grown normal human fetus at term is approximately 6.6 ml/kg/min and is not significantly affected by normal labor and delivery. Human fetuses tolerate intermittent reductions in uterine blood flow and oxygen supply associated with myometrial contractions during normal labor quite well.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway. ganesh.acharya@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sitras
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D047929:Term Birth; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D055815:Young Adult