title: An economic analysis of erlotinib, docetaxel, pemetrexed and best supportive care as second or third line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate costs and benefits of erlotinib as 2nd or 3rd line treatment of advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) versus docetaxel, pemetrexed and best supportive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-minimisation and cost-utility analysis were performed. Time horizon of two years. Portuguese National Health System (NHS) perspective was applied. Survival and time to progression were obtained from three clinical trials. Base-case analysis: 2nd or 3rd line patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) were obtained from a UK study. Resource consumption was estimated by a Portuguese panel of experts. Costs were calculated according to official Portuguese databases (updated to 2008). Only direct health costs were applied. Annual discount rate: 5%. Sensitivity analysis included different subpopulations, a three year time horizon and a probabilistic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cost per patient was lower with erlotinib (26,478 euro) than docetaxel (29,262 euro) or pemetrexed (32,762 euro) and higher than best supportive care (16,112 euro). QALYs per patient were higher with erlotinib (0.250) than docetaxel (0.225), pemetrexed (0.241) or best supportive care (0.186). Erlotinib was dominant in the cost-utility analysis, with a lower cost and a higher efficacy than docetaxel and pemetrexed. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the base-case analysis results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of erlotinib instead of docetaxel or pemetrexed could contribute to annual savings for the NHS (substitution rates: 5%-65%) ranging from 135,046 euro-1,755,602 euro (docetaxel replacement) and 291,801 euro-3,793,409 euro (pemetrexed replacement), with a gain in terms of QALYs.
authors.affiliation: Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Centro do Porto, Medical Oncology Unit, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sotto-Mayor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Almodôvar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Queiroga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Negreiro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D015510:Clinical Medicine