title: Tuberculosis and tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor therapy: a report of three cases in patients with psoriasis. Comprehensive screening and therapeutic guidelines for clinicians.
abstract: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors, long used in rheumatology and gastroenterology, have made a significant impact on the therapy of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. TNF-alpha is an important cytokine in normal physiological processes such as the immune response to granulomatous infection. Inhibition of this process by TNF-alpha inhibitors has been reported to increase the susceptibility of patients to granulomatous infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite the numerous reported cases in the literature and appropriate warnings on the labels for the three currently approved TNF-alpha inhibitors, current guidelines do not address case-specific issues across the full spectrum of tuberculosis. The probability of developing active tuberculosis has been reported to be as much as seven times higher when recommendations are not followed. We report three cases of tuberculosis induced by TNF-alpha inhibitors despite a rigorous screening policy in our tertiary care psoriasis centre, and suggest tuberculosis-specific guidelines for clinicians using these agents based on a review of the literature.
authors.affiliation: Baylor Research Institute, 3900 Junius Street, Suite 145, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept