title: An ultrastructural study on indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to mandible in dogs.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to mandible in dogs. Eighteen dogs aged 12-13 months were divided equally into six groups (n = 3 in each group) with random allocation, then a high-speed missile projectile (a ball bearing of stainless steel, phi6.0 mm, 0.88 g) was shot at right mandible body (the wound tract was below the fourth premolar, 1 cm or so to the root tips) of each dog, but the teeth were not wounded directly. The dogs were killed 6 h (n = 3), 24 h (n = 3), 3 days (n = 3), 7 days (n = 3), 2 weeks (n = 3) and 4 weeks (n = 3) after the wound, respectively; then ultrastructural change of dental pulp of the fourth premolar and the second premolar of right mandible, and the second premolar of left mandible was observed through transmission electron microscope. The results showed that mean initial velocity of projectiles was 778.0 +/- 33.2 m s(-1) and mean projection energy was 266.1 +/- 19.1 J, which were in conformity with parameters of gunshot wound. On the wound side, dental pulp of the fourth mandibular premolar was injured seriously and irreversible necrosis happened in the end; yet, dental pulp of the second mandibular premolar was injured less seriously, reversibly; on the opposite side, dental pulp of the second mandibular premolar was injured slightly and temporarily. It may be concluded that there are several characteristics in indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to dogs' mandible: the injured area is relatively extensive; traumatic degree decreases progressively and sharply with the distance to the wound tract increasing; ultrastructural change of nerval damage takes place in early stage after wound, etc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, No. 180 Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Quanshan Road, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, PR China. rcq180@sina.com
authors.forename: Changqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ruifeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000648:ultrastructure; D044709:Forensic Ballistics; D017102:Fracture Healing; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000150:complications; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000473:pathology; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000150:complications; D008338:Mandibular Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D055806:Microvessels / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011897:Random Allocation; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen