title: Non-contact protein microarray fabrication using a procedure based on liquid bridge formation.
abstract: Contemporary microarrayers of contact or non-contact format used in protein microarray fabrication still suffer from a number of problems, e.g. generation of satellite spots, inhomogeneous spots, misplaced or even absent spots, and sample carryover. In this paper, a new concept of non-contact sample deposition that reduces such problems is introduced. To show the potential and robustness of this pressure-assisted deposition technique, different sample solutions known to cause severe problems or to be even impossible to print with conventional microarrayers were accurately printed. The samples included 200 mg mL(-1) human serum albumin, highly concentrated sticky cell adhesion proteins, pure high-salt cell-lysis buffer, pure DMSO, and a suspension of 5-microm polystyrene beads. Additionally, a water-immiscible liquid fluorocarbon, which was shown not to affect the functionality of the capture molecules, was employed as a lid to reduce evaporation during microarray printing. The fluorocarbon liquid lid was shown to circumvent hydrolysis of water-sensitive activated surfaces during long-term deposition procedures.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sjödahl
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stjernström
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redeby
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roeraade
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007118:Immunoassay; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012996:Solutions; C429307:fluorocarbon 77; D014867:Water; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide