title: Health effects of ownership of and attachment to companion animals in an older population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two reasons for the inconclusiveness of the literature on the health effects of pet ownership are (1) failure to control for other known influences on health, and (2) inadequate consideration of the nature of the emotional relationship between owners and their companion animals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aims were to develop a measure of pet attachment that reflects psychologists' use of the attachment concept, and to see if pet ownership or attachment added to the health variance explained by known predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-living older adults (n = 314) gave information by interview using structured questions and standardized scales. Multiple regressions were then conducted to examine the possible predictive role of health habits, human social supports, pet ownership, and owners' attachment to the pet, on health and well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pet attachment measure showed good internal reliability. After controlling for other variables, neither pet ownership nor pet attachment added significantly to explained variance in health and well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia. helen.winefield@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Helen R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Winefield
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chur-Hansen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D001841:Human-Animal Bond; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support