title: Significant elevation of a Th2 cytokine, interleukin-10, in pelvic inflammatory disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the expressions and ratios of type 1 T helper cell (Th1) cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), as well as type 2 T helper cell (Th2) cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human cytokine LINCOplex multiplex bead array was used to measure the plasma levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in 50 healthy controls, as well as in 41 PID patients before and after routine protocol treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased expressions of Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma (p=0.004), as well as Th2 cytokine IL-5 (p=0.001), and dramatically increased IL-10 (p=0.0001), but significantly decreased expression of Th1 cytokine IL-2 (p=0.029) in PID patients were found after comparison to the control group. The ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-13 showed a significant increase, but the ratios of IFN-gamma to IL-10 and IL-2 to IL-10 was significantly decreased in PID patients before treatment compared to after treatment and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the imbalance and cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines pathways is probably contributed to the mechanism of PID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Shuen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Po-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ding-Bang
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Jiun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dong-Yih
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Long-Yau
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Tsang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chiao-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sheuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ming-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yih-Shou
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D007378:Interleukins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma