title: Multiple sclerosis and reproductive risks in women.
abstract: During the previous decades, women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were discouraged from having children, as pregnancy was deemed dangerous for pregnancy outcome and a contributing factor for exacerbation of MS. Current knowledge shows that women with MS are no more likely to have pregnancy or delivery complications compared to healthy women. Immunomodulatory therapies should be avoided during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. However, despite that it is still not recommended during pregnancy, Glatiramer acetate has fewer risks than the other MS drugs with respect to pregnancy outcome. IVIg treatment appears to be safe in unblinded studies and may be used after the first trimester to prevent the exacerbation of postpartum relapses. Gestation is a period of decreased risk for a relapse, whereas relapses are more common in the first six months after childbirth, compared to the pre-pregnancy period. Breastfeeding and epidural anaesthesia are not associated with increased incidence of post-partum relapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Saint Andrew's General Hospital of Patras, Greece. andargyriou@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Argyriou
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makris
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*