title: Ipsilateral diaphragmatic motion and lung function in long-term pneumonectomy patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The physiologic advantages of preserving phrenic nerve integrity and normal diaphragmatic motion (DM) during the course of pnemonectomy are incompletely understood. This study was conducted to investigate potential benefits of this strategy on postoperative lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 523 consecutive patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer between January 1992 and September 2001, 117 were alive at the time of study (March to December 2006) and thus had 5 years' minimum follow-up. Of those, 17 were excluded and 12 could not have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), leaving 88 patients available for study. Diaphragmatic motion was assessed by MRI during deep breathing, and patients were classified as having normal and synchronous diaphragmatic motion (n = 44) or abnormal diaphragmatic motion (immobile or paradoxical, n = 44). These findings were correlated with expiratory volume measurements, gas exchange (arterial blood gases), and exercise tolerance (6-minute walk test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up time was 9.3 years. Patients with abnormal DM were younger than patients with normal DM and were more likely to have had a right or an extended pneumonectomy (p < 0.01). Despite comparable preoperative lung function, patients with abnormal DM had significantly worse postoperative lung volumes (forced expiratory voume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; p < 0.01) and exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, percent predicted, p < 0.05) than patients with normal DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the long-term effects of a paralyzed hemidiaphragm in pneumonectomy patients are characterized by significant alterations in lung function, all surgeons doing this type of work should take every precaution to avoid technical errors that could lead to phrenic nerve injury or interruption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miro
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Provencher
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quevillon
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Deslauriers
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lacasse
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferland
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simard
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deslauriers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011336:Probability; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome