title: Effectiveness of continuous wound infusion of 0.5% ropivacaine by On-Q pain relief system for postoperative pain management after open nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Block of parietal nociceptive afferent nerves using continuous wound infiltration with local anaesthetics may be beneficial in multimodal postoperative pain management. The effectiveness of continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief after open nephrectomy was analysed in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-eight patients were randomized to either 0.5% ropivacaine (ON-Q group) or 0.9% NaCl (control group), using an elastomeric pump which delivered 4 ml h(-1) over 48 h through two multiholed Soaker catheters placed between the transverse and the internal oblique muscles and the s.c. space. All patients received a standard postoperative pain management protocol, including patient-controlled analgesic morphine and ketorolac. Outcomes measured over 48 h after operation were visual analogue scale (VAS) and incident (i) VAS pain scores, morphine consumption, and side-effects; time to bowel function recovery; and mean length of hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Side-effects were similar between the two groups. VAS and i-VAS pain scores, morphine consumption [11.5 (0.27) vs 21.8 (0.37) mg; P<0.001], time to bowel recovery [21.8 (0.4) vs 33.6 (0.9) h; P<0.001], and mean length of hospitalization [2.1 (0.03) vs 3.2 (0.1) days; P<0.001] were significantly reduced in the ON-Q group. Cost analysis revealed an overall savings of approximately 273 euros per patient in the ON-Q group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous surgical wound infusion with ropivacaine improved pain relief and accelerated recovery and discharge reducing overall costs of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute of Rome, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forastiere
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofra
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabrizi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036502:Infusions, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine