Intralymphatic allergen administration renders specific immunotherapy faster and safer: a randomized controlled trial.
The only causative treatment for IgE-mediated allergies is allergen-specific immunotherapy. However, fewer than 5% of allergy patients receive immunotherapy because of its long duration and risk of allergic side effects. We aimed at enhancing s.c. immunotherapy by direct administration of allergen into s.c. lymph nodes. The objective was to evaluate safety and efficacy compared with conventional s.c. immunotherapy. In a monocentric open-label trial, 165 patients with grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis were randomized to receive either 54 s.c. injections with pollen extract over 3 years [cumulative allergen dose 4,031,540 standardized quality units (SQ-U)] or 3 intralymphatic injections over 2 months (cumulative allergen dose 3,000 SQ-U). Patients were evaluated after 4 months, 1 year, and 3 years by nasal provocation, skin prick testing, IgE measurements, and symptom scores. Three low-dose intralymphatic allergen administrations increased tolerance to nasal provocation with pollen already within 4 months (P < 0.001). Tolerance was long lasting and equivalent to that achievable after standard s.c. immunotherapy (P = 0.291 after 3 years). Intralymphatic immunotherapy ameliorated hay fever symptoms (P < 0.001), reduced skin prick test reactivity (P < 0.001), decreased specific serum IgE (P < 0.001), caused fewer adverse events than s.c. immunotherapy (P = 0.001), enhanced compliance (P < 0.001), and was less painful than venous puncture (P = 0.018). In conclusion, intralymphatic allergen administration enhanced safety and efficacy of immunotherapy and reduced treatment time from 3 years to 8 weeks.
Senti
Gabriela
G
Unit for Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Prinz Vavricka
Bettina M
BM
Erdmann
Iris
I
Diaz
Mella I
MI
Markus
Richard
R
McCormack
Stephen J
SJ
Simard
John J
JJ
Wüthrich
Brunello
B
Crameri
Reto
R
Graf
Nicole
N
Johansen
Pål
P
Kündig
Thomas M
TM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007272:Injections, Intralymphatic / Q000009:adverse effects; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000485:Allergens; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D007073:Immunoglobulin E