title: Graft remodeling during growth following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature sheep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in skeletally immature individuals. It was our aim to investigate the graft remodelling process following an autologous, transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in skeletally immature sheep. We hypothesized that the ligamentisation process in immature sheep is quicker and more complete when compared to adult sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skeletally immature sheep with an age of 4 months underwent a fully transphyseal ACL reconstruction using an autologous tendon. The animals were subsequently sacrificed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks following surgery. Each group was characterised histomorphometrically, by immunostaining (VEGF, SMA), by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biomechanically (UFS Roboter).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histomorphometric analysis and presence of VEGF and SMA positive cells demonstrated a rapid return to a ligament like structure. The biomechanical analysis revealed an anteroposterior translation that was still increased even 6 months following surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in adult sheep models, the remodeling of a soft tissue graft used for ACL reconstruction results in a biomechanically inferior substitute. However, the immature tissue seems to remodel faster and more complete when compared to adults.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. meller.rupert@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drögemüller
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schiborra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hankemeier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurschler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D012756:Sheep / Q000254:growth & development; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*