title: An update on biliary imaging.
abstract: This article provides an overview of the gamut of biliary imaging techniques currently available to the clinician. It provides a brief history of biliary imaging, particularly intravenous cholangiography, including most commonly used contrast agents. This history is followed by a detailed discussion of modern-day practice modalities, including fluoroscopic and barium cholangiography, CT cholangiography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University Medical School, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. christoph.wald@lahey.org
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinkus
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flacke
mesh_terms: D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods