Cervical carcinoma in Southern Mexico: Human papillomavirus and cofactors.
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women with cervical cancer (CC) and normal cervical cytology in the Southern region of Mexico, and to know the contribution of HPV types and cofactors in cervical cancer etiology.


METHODS
A case-control study was performed in 133 women with CC and 256 controls. HPV detection was done by MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR systems and typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism or DNA sequencing.


RESULTS
HPV was found in 100% of CC and 35.5% of controls. The genotype distribution in CC was: HPV 16 (66.8%), 18 (9%), 31 (7.5%), 45 (4.5%), 58 (3.7%), 69 (3%), 52 (1.6%), 6, 11, 33, 56, and 67 (0.8% each). Among controls, HPV 33 followed by HPV 16 were the most frequent. Cervical cancer was associated with HPV 16 (OR=573.5), HPV 18 (OR=804.4), and undetermined risk HPV (types 67 and 69) (OR=434.3). Age at first intercourse <16 years (OR=9.6) and > or =3 births (OR=16) were significant risk factors for CC.


CONCLUSIONS
HPV 16, by far, is the most frequent type in CC, HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for 75.8% of the CC cases and high-risk HPV for 94.7%, which is useful data to take into account in vaccination programs. HPV 33 is the most frequent type in controls and high-risk HPV are more common than low-risk HPV.
Illades-Aguiar
Berenice
B
Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. ibereni@yahoo.com.mx
Cortés-Malagón
Enoc-Mariano
EM
Antonio-Véjar
Verónica
V
Zamudio-López
Noelio
N
Alarcón-Romero
Luz Del Carmen
Ldel C
Fernández-Tilapa
Gloria
G
Hernández-Sotelo
Daniel
D
Terán-Porcayo
Marco-Antonio
MA
Flores-Alfaro
Eugenia
E
Leyva-Vázquez
Marco-Antonio
MA
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
D004279:DNA, Viral