title: Range for normal body temperature in the general population of Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the range for normal body temperature in the general population of Pakistan and to determine if any age, sex and ambient temperature related variations exist in body temperature. Moreover, to compare how much axillary temperature differs from oral temperature measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral as well as left and right axillary temperature recordings were made using an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer in 200 healthy individuals accompanying patients at various clinics at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) between mid-May to mid-June 2006. Data analysis was done using Epi Info version 3.3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range for Normal Oral Temperatures fell between 97 degrees F to 99.8 degrees F (mean 98.4 degrees F). There were no significant age related (p=0.68) and ambient temperature related variations (p=0.51) in body temperature, but women had slightly higher normal temperatures than men (mean 98.5 degrees F vs. 98.3 degrees F; p=0.01). A wide variation existed in the difference between oral and axillary temperatures, with axillary temperatures ranging up to 2.6 degrees F lower or up to 1.1 degrees F higher than the oral temperatures (mean difference = 0.85 degrees F). The correlation between oral and axillary temperatures increased at higher oral temperatures (p=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a range for Normal Body Temperature and any temperature above 98.6 degrees F/37 degrees C is not necessarily pathological. Women appear to have higher body temperatures. As there is no uniform oral equivalent of axillary temperature, the latter should be interpreted with caution.
authors.affiliation: Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adhi
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noman
authors.forename: Syed Faisal
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.forename: Adib-ul-Hasan
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Rizvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology; D010154:Pakistan; D011153:Population; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult