Incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes: a review of clinical results.
GLP-1 analogues (incretin mimetics) and DPP-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers) represent new classes of anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide and of the DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been clearly demonstrated by a very large number of clinical trials. Efficacy was demonstrated in terms of reduction of HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose. Moreover, exenatide showed a favourable effect on weight, while DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral with respect to this outcome. The low rate of hypoglycemic events seen in all studies confirms the glucose dependent action of incretins.
Bosi
Emanuele
E
Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy. bosi.emanuele@hsr.it
Lucotti
Pietro
P
Setola
Emanuela
E
Monti
Lucilla
L
Piatti
Pier Marco
PM
D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077597:Vildagliptin
D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D054795:Incretins; D009570:Nitriles; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000218:Adamantane; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate