title: Carcinoma of the lower uterine segment: a newly described association with Lynch syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometrial carcinoma in the lower uterine segment (LUS) is a poorly described cancer that can be clinically confused with endocervical carcinoma. We performed a case-comparison study to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of LUS tumors and their association with risk factors for endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records and pathology reports from women who underwent hysterectomy at our institution for endometrial or endocervical adenocarcinoma over an 11-year interval were reviewed. The LUS group consisted of women with endometrial tumors that clearly originated between the lower uterine corpus and the upper endocervix. Immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability and MLH1 methylation assays were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five (3.5%) of 1,009 women had endometrial carcinoma of the LUS. Compared with patients with corpus tumors, LUS patients were younger, had higher stage tumors, and had more invasive tumors. Preoperative diagnosis of the LUS tumors more frequently included the possibility of endocervical adenocarcinoma. Seventy-three percent of the LUS tumors had an immunohistochemical expression pattern typical of conventional endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Ten (29%) of 35 women with LUS tumors were confirmed to have Lynch syndrome or were strongly suspected to have Lynch syndrome on the basis of tissue-based molecular assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of Lynch syndrome in patients with LUS endometrial carcinoma (29%) is much greater than that of the general endometrial cancer patient population (1.8%) or in endometrial cancer patients younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of Lynch syndrome should be considered in women with LUS tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Urbauer
authors.forename: Rajyalakshmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bodurka
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Broaddus
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology