title: Ginkgo biloba extract prevents glucose-induced accumulation of ECM in rat mesangial cells.
abstract: Pathological remodeling characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation contributes to diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the metabolism of the ECM in rat mesangial cells cultured in hyperglycemic conditions. The cultured mesangial cells in high glucose conditions were allotted into six groups: normal control group, high glucose group, low concentration of GbE group, moderate concentration of GbE group, high concentration of GbE group, and captopril group. In the presence of high glucose, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) were decreased significantly, and the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were increased significantly. These changes were reversed by GbE. GbE lowered the levels of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) of the high glucose group. Furthermore, GbE also decreased the expressions of collagen IV and laminin of the high glucose group. In summary, the results suggest that GbE postpones the extracellular matrix accumulation by inhibiting the synthesis of ECM and promoting the degradation of ECM, and therefore, is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xiao-xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zheng-mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian-yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yuan-yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051926:Basigin / Q000378:metabolism; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024141:Collagen Type IV; D007797:Laminin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D051926:Basigin; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002216:Captopril; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D005947:Glucose