title: Temporal differentiation and maturation of regenerated rat urothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-regenerated urothelium expresses markers of urothelial differentiation, uroplakin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and whether their expression correlates with the histological appearance of the urothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 15 rats underwent partial cystectomy and bladder replacement with SIS. Regenerated bladders were harvested at either 2, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days after SIS grafting. Histological examination with haematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to assess tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemistry was performed with uroplakin and ZO-1 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 14 days after SIS grafting, the urothelial layer was completely confluent over the SIS. Expression of uroplakin and ZO-1, evident at 2 days after SIS grafting, progressed from a cytoplasmic pattern of expression to a mature pattern of cytoplasmic and membrane expression by 56 days after SIS grafting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo tissue regeneration produces histologically and phenotypically mature urothelium within 2 weeks of SIS implantation. Regeneration of functional urothelium is probably essential for the subsequent development of the remaining bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Cardin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woodson
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Blake W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frimberger
authors.forename: Kar-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Hsueh-Kung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kropp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C569044:Tjp1 protein, rat; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein