title: Resistance training is accompanied by increases in hip strength and changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Movement and muscle activity of the hip have been shown to affect movement of the lower extremity, and been related to injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if increased hip strength affects lower extremity mechanics during running.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within subject, repeated measures design. Fifteen healthy women volunteered. Hip abduction and external rotation strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Three-dimensional biomechanical data of the lower extremity were collected during running using a high-speed motion capture system. Measurements were made before, at the mid-point, and after a 6-week strengthening program using closed-chain hip rotation exercises. Joint range of motion (rearfoot eversion, knee abduction, hip adduction, and internal rotation), eversion velocity, eversion angle at heel strike, and peak joint moments (rearfoot inversion, knee abduction, hip abduction, and external rotation) were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (P <or= 0.05). The independent variable was time (pre-, week 3, and week 6). A separate analysis of variance was conducted with the dependent variables of peak hip abduction and external rotation strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hip abduction (P=0.009) and external rotation strength (P<0.0005) increased by 13% and 23%, respectively. Eversion range of motion decreased (P=0.05), hip adduction range of motion increased (P=0.05), and a trend of decreased hip internal rotation range of motion (P=0.08) were found. Rearfoot inversion moment (P=0.02) and knee abduction moment (P=0.05) decreased by 57% and 10%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hip abductors and external rotators were strengthened, leading to an alteration of lower extremity joint loading which may reduce injury risk. These exercises could be used in the rehabilitation, or prevention, of lower extremity injuries.
authors.affiliation: University of Northern Iowa, Waterloo, IW, USA. kelli.snyder@uni.edu
authors.forename: Kelli R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Kristian M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Kyle T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ebersole
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006615:Hip / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011403:Pronation / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult