title: Asymmetry of focal macular photopic negative responses (PhNRs) in monkeys.
abstract: The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a slow, negative-going wave of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) that appears after the b-wave. Recent studies have shown that the PhNR originates from the spiking activities of inner retinal neurons including the ganglion cells and their axons. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any asymmetry in the amplitude of the PhNR elicited from the upper and lower macular areas, and between the nasal and temporal macular areas in rhesus monkeys. To accomplish this, we recorded focal macular PhNRs that were elicited by red hemi-circular stimuli presented on a blue background. We show that the PhNR from the upper macular area was significantly larger than that of the lower macular area, and the PhNR of the nasal macula was significantly larger than that of the temporal macula. These asymmetries were present in the focal PhNR elicited by both brief and long duration stimuli, and the asymmetries were completely eliminated by an intravitreal injection of tetrodotoxin (TTX). These results suggest that the upper-lower and nasal-temporal asymmetries of PhNR in the primate retina are mainly caused by TTX-sensitive spiking activities of inner retinal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013779:Tetrodotoxin