title: Usher syndrome type 1: early detection of electroretinographic changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Usher syndrome type 1 needs to be diagnosed at early age in order to timely manage speech therapy, cochlear implantation, and genetic counseling. Few data are available regarding electroretinographic testing before the age of six years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe electroretinographic changes in young children with Usher syndrome type 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of fourteen patients. Age at first neurophysiologic testing was between 17 months and 5 years 4 months. Electroretinogram was performed using flash stimulation in mesopic conditions in the conscious child. Analysis was focused on the amplitudes and latencies of a- and b-waves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whatever the age, an abnormal fundus was always confirmed with an absent electroretinogram. The youngest patient with absent electroretinogram was 17 month-old. When recorded on and after the 29th month of age, electroretinogram was absent in all cases, including 6 patients with normal fundus. In three patients a low-amplitude electroretinogram was present at first recording within the 26th and 27th months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electroretinogram showed retinopathy in young children with Usher syndrome type 1, even in the absence of fundoscopic signs of retinal degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurophysiology unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores-Guevara
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loundon
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pelosse
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momtchilova
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auzoux-Chevé
authors.forename: Anne Isabelle
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vermersch
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D052245:Usher Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*