title: Asthma, environmental risk factors, and hypertension among Arab Americans in metro Detroit.
abstract: Asthma and obesity-related health problems disproportionately impact low-income ethnic minority communities residing in urban areas. Environmental risk factors, particularly those related to housing and indoor air, may impact the development or exacerbation of asthma. There is increasing evidence to suggest a link between obesity-related health problems and asthma. Previous studies have also reported that immigrant status may influence myriad risk factors and health outcomes among immigrant populations. The Arab American Environmental Health Project (AAEHP) was the first study to explore environmental health problems among Arab Americans. This paper examined whether hypertensive status modified the relationship between environmental risk factors and asthma among Arab Americans in metro Detroit. An environmental risk index (ERI) was used to quantify household environmental risk factors associated with asthma. Physician diagnosed hypertension was self-reported, and asthma status was determined using responses to a validated symptoms checklist and self-reported diagnosis by a physician. Hypertension significantly modified the relationship between ERI and asthma in this study population. The positive association between household environmental risk factors and asthma was stronger among participants diagnosed with hypertension. Effect modification of the relationship between environmental risk factors and asthma could have serious implications among high-risk communities. However, further research is needed to elucidate the relationships between hypertension, environmental risk factors, and asthma.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Division MD 58A, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. johnson.marym@epa.gov
authors.forename: Markey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nriagu
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savoie
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jamil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D018912:Arabs; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D003625:Data Collection; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult