title: A modified "preclosure" technique after percutaneous aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of suture-mediated closure devices using a modified "preclosure" technique for access site management after percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PAVR using a retrograde transfemoral approach has recently evolved to an endovascular alternative to open surgery in high-risk patients. However, large-bore femoral artery access is required, commonly demanding surgical closure and general anesthesia. A truly percutaneous intervention would be desirable to reduce procedural complexity and diminish the need of vascular surgery and general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After direct puncture of the common femoral artery, three conventional suture-mediated closure devices (6F Perclose) were deployed. The preloaded sutures were tied at the end of the procedure. If no immediate hemostasis was achieved, an additional device was deployed thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAVR with percutaneous access site closure was attempted in 15 consecutive patients and could successfully be achieved in all patients allowing conscious sedation in all but three cases. Following complications occurred: one retroperitoneal bleeding caused by removal of the valve delivery sheath requiring surgical repair, as well as two cases of femoral and iliac artery dissection caused by delivery sheath introduction and treated by stenting and vascular surgery, respectively. Vascular surgery became only necessary due to total vessel occlusion after suture closure and remains the only closure-related complication. However, treatment led to recovery in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified "preclosure" technique is a feasible and safe method for hemostasis after PAVR improving procedural management and diminishing the need for general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: West German Heart Center Essen, Department of Cardiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany. Philipp.Kahlert@uk-essen.de
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kahlert
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eggebrecht
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sack
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011677:Punctures; D011859:Radiography; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome