title: Telephone conversation impairs sustained visual attention via a central bottleneck.
abstract: Recent research has shown that holding telephone conversations disrupts one's driving ability. We asked whether this effect could be attributed to a visual attention impairment. In Experiment 1, participants conversed on a telephone or listened to a narrative while engaged in multiple object tracking (MOT), a task requiring sustained visual attention. We found that MOT was disrupted in the telephone conversation condition, relative to single-task MOT performance, but that listening to a narrative had no effect. In Experiment 2, we asked which component of conversation might be interfering with MOT performance. We replicated the conversation and single-task conditions of Experiment 1 and added two conditions in which participants heard a sequence of words over a telephone. In the shadowing condition, participants simply repeated each word in the sequence. In the generation condition, participants were asked to generate a new word based on each word in the sequence. Word generation interfered with MOT performance, but shadowing did not. The data indicate that telephone conversation disrupts attention at a central stage, the act of generating verbal stimuli, rather than at a peripheral stage, such as listening or speaking.
authors.affiliation: University of Warwick, Coventry, England. m.a.kunar@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Melina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kunar
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Todd S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D003118:Color Perception; D006801:Humans; D009039:Motion Perception; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D013067:Speech Perception; D013689:Telephone; D014705:Verbal Behavior