Definition of the Mediterranean diet based on bioactive compounds.
Antioxidant (polyphenols and carotenoids) and nonantioxidant (phytosterols) bioactive compounds and dietary fiber may have a significant role in health. The intake of these compounds is strongly linked with the high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and unrefined cereals. A whole-diet approach to these food constituents is intended to render the current definition of Mediterranean diet based on food consumption more comprehensive. The Mediterranean dietary pattern can be characterized by the following four essential dietary indicators: 1) Monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (range: 1.6 to 2.0); 2) Intake of dietary fiber (41 to 62 g/person/day); 3) Antioxidant capacity of the whole diet (3500 to 5300 trolox equivalent/person/day); 4) Phytosterols intake (370 to 555 mg/person/day). The contribution of foods and beverages to these parameters is described. Spanish National Food Consumption Data for the years 2000 and 1964 were used to quantify the lowest and highest range values. The occurrence of these indicators in the Mediterranean diet has specific characteristics and there is sufficient scientific evidence to support the beneficial health effects.
Saura-Calixto
Fulgencio
F
Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Unit, UCM (Department of Nutrition I)-CSIC (Department of Metabolism and Nutrition), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. fsaura@if.csic.es
Goñi
Isabel
I
D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols; D010840:Phytosterols; D013030:Spain
D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010636:Phenols; D010840:Phytosterols; D002338:Carotenoids