title: Clinical characteristic of spinal vascular malformation in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Seventy-two pediatric spinal vascular malformation cases were reviewed and the characteristics of their clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and therapies were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thorough overview was compiled examining patient sex, age, location, history, development, treatment, clinical, and anatomical results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation was the most common (44.4%) subtype to be seen in these pediatric patients, while subdural perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (23.6%) was the second, followed by Cobb's syndrome (13.9%) and intramedullary cavernous angioma (5.6%). No spinal dual arteriovenous fistulae were found in infants. The highest incidence was seen during the infant and adolescent periods. Sixty-nine cases were treated by surgeries, embolizations, or a combination of both, and 71.5% of them had improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis and treatment are required. Surgery and embolization, or a combination of the two, are the current candidates for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000002:abnormalities*; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome