title: A comparison of calcium, calcitriol, and alendronate in corticosteroid-treated premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess bone mineral density (BMD) changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) undergoing longterm therapy with corticosteroids (CS) while taking calcium, calcitriol, or alendronate. The primary endpoint was BMD changes at 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal SLE patients were randomized into 3 groups according to medication: calcium carbonate 500 mg bd (calcium alone), calcitriol 0.25 microg bd plus calcium carbonate 500 mg bd (calcitriol + calcium), and alendronate 70 mg/week plus calcium carbonate 500 mg bd (alendronate + calcium). BMD was measured at baseline and at the end of the first and second years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight patients were recruited. There were 33 patients taking calcium alone, 33 calcitriol + calcium, and 32 alendronate + calcium. On randomization, median duration of CS use was 2.5 years (range 0-20 yrs). Seventy-seven patients (78.6%) completed the study (23 taking calcium alone, 27 calcitriol + calcium, 27 alendronate + calcium). There were no significant differences in mean CS dosages among the 3 groups at the time of BMD measurements. After 2 years, there were no significant changes in BMD in the calcium-alone and calcitriol + calcium groups, apart from a 0.93% (p < 0.001) reduction in total hip BMD in the calcium-alone group. In contrast, the alendronate + calcium group showed significant increases in BMD of 2.69% (p < 0.001) in the lumbar spine and 1.41% (p < 0.001) in total hip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both calcium alone and calcitriol + calcium preserved lumbar spine BMD in premenopausal patients with SLE taking longterm CS at 2 years, whereas alendronate + calcium led to increases in BMD in lumbar spine and total hip. Premenopausal women taking CS should be considered for osteoporosis prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Swan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yeap
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fauzi
authors.forename: Norella C T
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Abdul G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Zainudin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Soehardy
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rahimah
authors.forename: Sook K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Emily M L
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goh
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D019386:Alendronate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017697:Premenopause; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002117:Calcitriol; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002118:Calcium; D019386:Alendronate