title: Effect of early bosentan administration on the development of esophageal varices in cirrhotic rats: experimental study in Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic bosentan administration on the development of esophageal varices in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the development of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices, 60 rats underwent ligation of the left adrenal vein, followed by phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride administration. Two weeks after the beginning of carbon tetrachloride administration, rats were separated into two groups. In group I, comprising 30 rats, bosentan was continuously administered throughout the study, whereas in group II, also 30 rats, placebo instead of bosentan was continuously administered. Hemodynamic studies and morphometric analysis of the lower esophagus were performed after complete induction of cirrhosis. The total number of veins counted in the submucosa, the number of submucosal veins/mm(2) of submucosa, the total submucosal area occupied by vessels, the mean cross-sectional vessel area, the relative submucosal area (percentage) occupied by vessels, and the area of the single most-dilated submucosal vein were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bosentan induced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in portal pressure, while morphometric analysis revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of all parameters studied in bosentan-treated rats, except in the total and relative number of submucosal veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bosentan administration seemed to significantly attenuate dilation of submucosal veins in the lower esophagus of cirrhotic rats. This effect was mainly attributed to a decrease in the portal pressure induced by chronic bosentan administration.
authors.affiliation: Second Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Savas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafailidis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Psarras
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pavlidis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emoniotou
authors.forename: Rodoula
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papamichali
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalodimos
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marakis
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakadamis
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koukoulis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077300:Bosentan; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077300:Bosentan