title: The impact of the microphone position on the frequency analysis of snoring sounds.
abstract: Frequency analysis of snoring sounds has been reported as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between different sources of snoring. Several studies have been published presenting diverging results of the frequency analyses of snoring sounds. Depending on the position of the used microphones, the results of the frequency analysis of snoring sounds vary. The present study investigated the influence of different microphone positions on the outcome of the frequency analysis of snoring sounds. Nocturnal snoring was recorded simultaneously at six positions (air-coupled: 30 cm middle, 100 cm middle, 30 cm lateral to both sides of the patients' head; body contact: neck and parasternal) in five patients. The used microphones had a flat frequency response and a similar frequency range (10/40 Hz-18 kHz). Frequency analysis was performed by fast Fourier transformation and frequency bands as well as peak intensities (Peaks 1-5) were detected. Air-coupled microphones presented a wider frequency range (60 Hz-10 kHz) compared to contact microphones. The contact microphone at cervical position presented a cut off at frequencies above 300 Hz, whereas the contact microphone at parasternal position revealed a cut off above 100 Hz. On an exemplary base, the study demonstrates that frequencies above 1,000 Hz do appear in complex snoring patterns, and it is emphasised that high frequencies are imported for the interpretation of snoring sounds with respect to the identification of the source of snoring. Contact microphones might be used in screening devices, but for a natural analysis of snoring sounds the use of air-coupled microphones is indispensable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. michael.herzog@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kühnel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bremert
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hosemann
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaftan
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012913:Snoring / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013637:Tape Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*