title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 in healthy Korean men: a dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending single-dose, Phase I study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  LC15-0444 is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV under investigation in Korea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and tolerability profiles of a single dose of LC15-0444 in healthy male subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending single-dose, Phase I study was performed in healthy Korean male subjects assigned to receive 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg of LC15-0444 capsules. Blood and urine samples were collected up to 72 hours after administration. Plasma and urine drug concentrations were determined by tandem mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. DPP IV activity was measured by continuous spectrophotometric assay. An additional food effect study was performed in the 100-mg dose group; changes in PK and PD parameters after high-fat diet were evaluated. Adverse events (AEs) were detected through investigator inquiries, spontaneous reports, and clinical evaluations such as physical examinations, vital sign measurements, 12-lead electrocardiography, clinical laboratory tests (eg, hematology, blood chemistry, coagulation, urinalysis), and computerized impedance cardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty Korean men (mean age, 25.3 years [range, 19-39 years]; weight, 68.3 kg [range, 53.6-84.9 kg]) were enrolled, providing 10 subjects for each dose group. After administration, LC15-0444 reached T(max) at 0.5 to 5.1 hours, and was eliminated with a t((1/2)) of 16.7 to 21.3 hours. The mean fraction of unchanged drug excreted in urine ranged from 0.21 to 0.34 and mean renal clearance was 15.5 to 23.6 L/h. The dose-normalized AUC exhibited dose-linearity over the range of 50 to 400 mg. All doses of LC15-0444 =200 mg were found to inhibit 80% of DPP IV activity for 24 hours. High-fat diet did not significantly influence the AUC of LC15-0444. LC15-0444 was generally well tolerated. None of the subjects developed any serious clinical or laboratory AEs or discontinued the study due to an AE. All AEs were mild or moderate, and no dose-related trends were observed. Forty-six AEs were reported in 18 subjects (30.0%). AEs considered to be related to the study drug were headache (6 cases), dizziness (2), nausea (1), epistaxis (1), and increased heart rate (1). All AEs resolved spontaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose of LC15-0444 exhibited linear PK properties over the range of 50 to 400 mg in these healthy Korean male subjects. PK characteristics were not significantly influenced by food. In addition, doses >or=200 mg of LC15-0444 inhibited plasma DPP IV activity by >80% over a 24-hour dosing interval, and a 600-mg dose increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels after a standardized meal. LC15-0444 was generally well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jung-Ryul
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kyu-Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jang-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Joo-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kyung-Sang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sang-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: O Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Dal-Mi
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jeong-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-Jin
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010881:Piperidones; D011743:Pyrimidines; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; C534891:LC15-0444; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010881:Piperidones; D011743:Pyrimidines; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1