title: Long-term efficacy and safety of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated long-term (> or =12 months) efficacy and safety of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects successfully completed one of three 12-week, open-label studies and had stable neurologic disease and urodynamic evidence of neurogenic detrusor overactivity requiring intermittent catheterization. Drug formulation and dosing were based on age (4 months-4 years, tolterodine oral solution 0.2-2mg twice daily; 5-10 years, tolterodine oral solution 0.5-4 mg twice daily; 11-16 years, tolterodine extended-release capsules 2, 4, or 6 mg once daily). Daily doses were individualized for each subject. Efficacy was evaluated urodynamically and using parent-completed 3-day bladder diaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty subjects were enrolled. Functional bladder capacity (volume at first leakage, first sensation of bladder fullness or 40 cm H(2)O pressure) increased by month 12 in the younger age groups but not in the oldest subjects. Volume to first detrusor contraction >10 cm H(2)O pressure and detrusor leak point pressure did not change in any age group. The number of incontinence episodes per 24h decreased in all subjects, as did the number of catheterizations per 24h. Mean volume per catheterization increased in all subjects. Seven treatment-related adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both tolterodine formulations were effective and well tolerated in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45299-3039, USA. pramod.reddy@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Pramod P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Niels G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Borgstein
authors.forename: Rien J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nijman
authors.forename: Pamela I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Ellsworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate