title: Tell-tale eyes: children's attribution of gaze aversion as a lying cue.
abstract: This study examined whether the well-documented adult tendency to perceive gaze aversion as a lying cue is also evident in children. In Experiment 1, 6-year-olds, 9-year-olds, and adults were shown video vignettes of speakers who either maintained or avoided eye contact while answering an interviewer's questions. Participants evaluated whether the speaker was telling the truth or lying on each trial. The results revealed that at both ages, children were more likely to attribute lying to speakers in the gaze aversion condition; however, the effect was significantly greater among 9-year-olds. Significant gender differences were also uncovered, with girls demonstrating strongest sensitivity to the gaze cue. Experiment 2 replicated the gender effect in 6-year-olds but found that when the speakers' verbal responses were removed, boys' use of the gaze cue increased and the gender difference disappeared. These findings indicate that at 6 years old, children interpret interpersonal gaze behavior as a socially informative cue. Furthermore, the growing appreciation of the stereotypic gaze behavior associated with lying and the reputed female advantage in gaze sensitivity may reflect differential processing of multimodal communication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. shiri.einav@psy.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Shiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Einav
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D003469:Culture; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D009949:Orientation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013067:Speech Perception; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult