title: Thymidylate synthase was associated with patient prognosis and the response to adjuvant therapy in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme in DNA synthesis that is over-expressed in several cancer cells, in bladder cancer and its association with patient prognosis and the response to adjuvant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 67 bladder tissue specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR). TS expression in bladder cancer and normal bladder tissue was analysed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 67 bladder tissue specimens, 47 (70%) and 10 (15%) had positive expression for TS in cancer and normal tissues, respectively. TS expression was greater in patients with Grade 3 (16/17, 94%) than in Grade 1 and 2 (31/50, 64%; P = 0.002). It was also greater in Stage T1 (14/14) than in Stage Ta (33/53, 62%; P = 0.001). Furthermore, patients with negative TS expression had a longer postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those with positive expression during the 5 year follow-up (P = 0.028). In the patients with positive TS-expressing tumours, adjuvant therapy significantly improved RFS (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High TS expression might be a marker of poor prognosis for patients with bladder cancer. In addition, patients with high TS expression might also be benefit from adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China. yongnanli@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yongnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zaishun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Xiudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakehi
authors.forename: Xiuxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D005472:Fluorouracil