title: Effects of a mood-enhancing intervention on subjective well-being and cardiovascular parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of extensive evidence indicating that affective traits can influence health, conclusive studies on a potential preventive value of systematical mood improvement have been relatively sparse. In part, this may be due to the lack of appropriate and proven behavioral intervention methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test a newly developed intervention method for its effectiveness to enhance cheerfulness and to improve aspects of psychological well-being and subjective health that may be advanced by increased levels of cheerfulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key element of the "Cheerfulness Training," which follows a behavioral therapy approach, is that imaginations of personal shortcomings, annoyances, and unpleasant situations are coupled with a self-induced positive affective state by conditioning processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental findings demonstrated a pronounced enhancement of cheerfulness that was accompanied by reduced feelings of stress and improved psychological well-being and subjective health. Effects were stronger in participants with lower levels of trait seriousness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that the training is effective in enhancing cheerfulness and that successfully enhancing cheerfulness also promotes more general improvement of well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Austria. ilona.papousek@uni-graz.at
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papousek
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001143:Arousal; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D005059:Euphoria; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic; D055815:Young Adult