title: Plaque radiotherapy for juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma overhanging the optic disc in 141 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tumor control with plaque radiotherapy for juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma that overhangs the optic disc.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review of 141 consecutive patients with data on complications of treatment, final visual acuity, visual loss, enucleation, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median patient age was 61 years. Presenting symptoms included reduced visual acuity in 72 eyes (51%), photopsia in 14 (10%), and visual field defect in 18 (13%); 35 patients (25%) were asymptomatic. The median tumor basal diameter was 11 mm and the median thickness was 5.2 mm. The tumor overhung 50% or less of the disc in 88 eyes (62%) and more than 50% of the disc in 53 eyes (38%). In 19 cases (13%), the tumor overhung the entire disc. All patients were treated with plaque radiotherapy, using a notched design in 126 eyes (89%) and a round design in 14 eyes (10%), with iodine 125 in 132 eyes (94%) and cobalt 60 in 9 eyes (6%). The median radiation dose to the tumor apex was 8500 cGy. Adjuvant transpupillary thermotherapy was used in 54 eyes (39%). During a mean follow-up of 56 months, complications included nonproliferative retinopathy in 61 eyes (51%), proliferative retinopathy in 26 (22%), maculopathy in 44 (37%), papillopathy in 57 (48%), neovascular glaucoma in 23 (19%), and vitreous hemorrhage in 48 (40%). A final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse was measured in 72 eyes (77%), and visual loss of more than 5 Snellen lines occurred in 59 eyes (63%). Enucleation was necessary in 27 eyes (23%). Tumor recurrence was found in 12 eyes (10%). Metastasis developed in 15 patients (13%) and death in 4 cases (3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma overhanging the optic disc, local tumor control was achieved in 90% of cases. Tumor and radiation effects led to poor visual acuity in 77% of eyes. The metastatic rate was 13% and the mortality rate was 3%.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sagoo
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mashayekhi
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emrich
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiff
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Komarnicky
authors.forename: Jerry A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes