title: The roles of a process development group in biopharmaceutical process startup.
abstract: The transfer of processes for biotherapeutic products into finalmanufacturing facilities was frequently problematic during the 1980's and early 1990's, resulting in costly delays to licensure(Pisano 1997). While plant startups for this class of products can become chaotic affairs, this is not an inherent or intrinsic feature. Major classes of process startup problems have been identified andmechanisms have been developed to reduce their likelihood of occurrence. These classes of process startup problems and resolution mechanisms are the major topic of this article. With proper planning and sufficient staffing, the probably of a smooth process startup for a biopharmaceutical product can be very high - i.e., successful process performance will often beachieved within the first two full-scale process lots in the plant. The primary focus of this article is the role of the Process Development Group in helping to assure this high probability of success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fermentation and Cell Culture Process Development, Division of Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck and Company, West Point, PA, USA, charles_goochee@merck.com.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Goochee