Racial differences in body mass indices for male convicts in nineteenth century Pennsylvania.
This paper demonstrates that although modern BMIs have increased, 19th century Middle-Atlantic black and white BMIs were in the normal range; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common. Farmers' BMIs were consistently heavier than non-farmers. Philadelphia residents' BMIs were lower than elsewhere within Pennsylvania, indicating that urbanization and agricultural commercialization were associated with current biological living standards in urbanized areas.
Carson
Scott Alan
SA
School of Business, University of Texas, USA.
D044383:Black People / Q000266:history*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011329:Prisoners / Q000266:history*; D012016:Reference Values; D044465:White People / Q000266:history*; D001741:Black or African American