title: Survivin is upregulated during liver regeneration in rats and humans and is associated with hepatocyte proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survivin regulates cell division and inhibits apoptosis. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving both proliferation and apoptosis. The role of survivin is not well elucidated and no data exist in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy per cent liver resection was used to investigate liver regeneration in rats. Survivin was identified by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Proliferation and apoptosis were quantified. Liver biopsies from 33 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation were used to study survivin immuno-expression, proliferation and apoptosis within the first 17 days after transplantation. Seven healthy donors served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survivin transcript and protein were significantly upregulated in rat hepatocytes after 24-72 h during regeneration and showed a significant correlation with proliferation but not with apoptosis. In humans, survivin was nearly absent in donor and reperfused liver tissue but increased significantly 5-7 days after transplantation and correlated with proliferation but not with apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivin is upregulated in human and rodent liver regeneration and correlates with proliferation, suggesting an association of survivin and cell division.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. hideo.baba@uk-essen.de
authors.forename: Hideo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Jeremias
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wohlschlaeger
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadalin
authors.forename: Hauke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benesch
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ali-R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biglarnia
authors.forename: Georgios C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulos
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Nobuakira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Wnuck Lipinski
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levkau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001706:Biopsy; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D000077022:Survivin; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; C516989:Birc5 protein, rat; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077022:Survivin