title: Immunological recovery and metabolic disorders in severe immunodeficiency HIV type 1-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Little is known about immunologic reconstitution in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) during very long-term periods. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the effectiveness and development of metabolic disorders after very long-term periods on HAART in HIV-infected children with severe immunodeficiency. We included 55 children who were stratified into three groups according to %CD4(+) pre-HAART and rate of immunologic recovery: (1) S1-Rec: CD4(+) < or =5% at baseline and slow immunologic recovery; (2) S2-Rec: CD4(+) 5-15% at baseline and slow immunologic recovery; (3) R-Rec: CD4(+) < or =15% at baseline and rapid immunologic recovery (reference group). An adequate immune recovery after 8 years on HAART was achieved by only 25% of children. S1-Rec never achieved a mean of CD4(+) > or =25% after 8 years on HAART. All children had a significant increase in plasma cholesterol levels during the first 2 years. Afterward, cholesterol levels reached a plateau and remained stable until year 8 of follow-up. Higher rates of lipodystrophy were found in the R-Rec group [14 (100%)] than in the S1-Rec group [9/19 (47.4%)] or the S2-Rec group [13/20 (65%)] at the end of the study (p = 0.006). Overall, having a low nadir of CD4(+) hindered immune reconstitution; however, children with rapid immunologic recovery showed a higher prevalence of the lipodystrophy syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. sresino@isciii.es
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: Dariela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Micheloud
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larrú
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Léon
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: De José
authors.forename: M Dolores Gurbindo
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: M José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mellado
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillen
authors.forename: José Tomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol