title: Kir 2.2 inward rectifier potassium channels are inhibited by an endogenous factor in Xenopus oocytes independently from the action of a mitochondrial uncoupler.
abstract: We previously showed inhibition of K(ir)2 inward rectifier K(+) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes by the mitochondrial agents carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and sodium azide. Mutagenesis studies suggested that FCCP may act via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) depletion. This mechanism could be reversible in intact cells but not in excised membrane patches which preclude PIP(2) regeneration. This prediction was tested by investigating the reversibility of the inhibition of K(ir)2.2 by FCCP in intact cells and excised patches. We also investigated the effect of FCCP on K(ir)2.2 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. K(ir)2.2 current, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, increased in inside-out patches from FCCP-treated and untreated oocytes. The fraction of total current that increased was 0.79 +/- 0.05 in control and 0.89 +/- 0.03 in 10 microM FCCP-treated (P > .05). Following "run-up," K(ir)2.2 current was re-inhibited by "cramming" inside-out patches into oocytes. Therefore, run-up reflected not reversal of inhibition by FCCP, but washout of an endogenous inhibitor. K(ir)2.2 current recovered in intact oocytes within 26.5 h of FCCP removal. Injection of oocytes with 0.1 U apyrase completely depleted ATP (P < .001) but did not inhibit K(ir)2.2 and inhibited K(ir)2.1 by 35% (P < .05). FCCP only partially reduced [ATP] (P < .001), despite inhibiting K(ir)2.2 by 75% (P < .01) but not K(ir)2.1. FCCP inhibited K(ir)2.2 expressed in HEK cells. The recovery of K(ir)2.2 from inhibition by FCCP requires intracellular components, but direct depletion of ATP does not reproduce the differential inhibitory effect of FCCP. Inhibition of K(ir)2.2 by FCCP is not unique to Xenopus oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, UK. anthony.collins@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Maureen K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001081:Apyrase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C489463:Kir2.2 channel; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019810:Sodium Azide; D001081:Apyrase