title: Protocol optimization for long-term liquid storage of goat semen in a chemically defined extender.
abstract: A specific problem in the preservation of goat semen has been the detrimental effect of seminal plasma on the viability of spermatozoa in extenders containing egg yolk or milk. The use of chemically defined extenders will have obvious advantages in liquid storage of buck semen. Our previous study showed that the self-made mZAP extender performed better than commercial extenders, and maintained a sperm motility of 34% for 9 days and a fertilizing potential for successful pregnancies for 7 days. The aim of this study was to extend the viability and fertilizing potential of liquid-stored goat spermatozoa by optimizing procedures for semen processing and storage in the mZAP extender. Semen samples collected from five goat bucks of the Lubei White and Boer breeds were diluted with the extender, cooled and stored at 5 degrees C. Stored semen was evaluated for sperm viability parameters, every 48 h of storage. Data from three ejaculates of different bucks were analysed for each treatment. The percentage data were arcsine-transformed before being analysed with anova and Duncan's multiple comparison test. While cooling at the rate of 0.1-0.25 degrees C/min did not affect sperm viability parameters, doing so at the rate of 0.6 degrees C/min from 30 to 15 degrees C reduced goat sperm motility and membrane integrity. Sperm motility and membrane integrity were significantly higher in semen coated with the extender containing 20% egg yolk than in non-coated semen. Sperm motility, membrane integrity and acrosomal intactness were significantly higher when coated semen was 21-fold diluted than when it was 11- or 51-fold diluted and when extender was renewed at 48-h intervals than when it was not renewed during storage. When goat semen coated with the egg yolk-containing extender was 21-fold diluted, cooled at the rate of 0.07-0.25 degrees C/min, stored at 5 degrees C and the extender renewed every 48 h, a sperm motility of 48% was maintained for 13 days, and an in vitro-fertilizing potential similar to that of fresh semen was maintained for 11 days.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: B-T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Z-L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology