title: Surface energy and surface proton order of ice Ih.
abstract: Ice Ih is comprised of orientationally disordered water molecules giving rise to positional disorder of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen bonded network of the lattice. Here we arrive at a first principles determination of the surface energy of ice Ih and suggest that the surface of ice is significantly more proton ordered than the bulk. We predict that the proton order-disorder transition, which occurs in the bulk at approximately 72 K, will not occur at the surface at any temperature below surface melting. An order parameter which defines the surface energy of ice Ih surfaces is also identified.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gareth A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Tribello
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Angelos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaelides
authors.forename: Enge
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang