title: The peptidoglycan sacculus of Myxococcus xanthus has unusual structural features and is degraded during glycerol-induced myxospore development.
abstract: Upon nutrient limitation cells of the swarming soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus form a multicellular fruiting body in which a fraction of the cells develop into myxospores. Spore development includes the transition from a rod-shaped vegetative cell to a spherical myxospore and so is expected to be accompanied by changes in the bacterial cell envelope. Peptidoglycan is the shape-determining structure in the cell envelope of most bacteria, including myxobacteria. We analyzed the composition of peptidoglycan isolated from M. xanthus. While the basic structural elements of peptidoglycan in myxobacteria were identical to those in other gram-negative bacteria, the peptidoglycan of M. xanthus had unique structural features. meso- or LL-diaminopimelic acid was present in the stem peptides, and a new modification of N-acetylmuramic acid was detected in a fraction of the muropeptides. Peptidoglycan formed a continuous, bag-shaped sacculus in vegetative cells. The sacculus was degraded during the transition from vegetative cells to glycerol-induced myxospores. The spherical, bag-shaped coats isolated from glycerol-induced spores contained no detectable muropeptides, but they contained small amounts of N-acetylmuramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nhat Khai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blanot
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vollmer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016941:Myxococcus xanthus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D005990:Glycerol