Role of IL-15 in spinal cord and sciatic nerve after chronic constriction injury: regulation of macrophage and T-cell infiltration.
The release of inflammatory mediators from immune and glial cells either in the peripheral or CNS may have an important role in the development of physiopathological processes such as neuropathic pain. Microglial, then astrocytic activation in the spinal cord, lead to chronic inflammation, alteration of neuronal physiology and neuropathic pain. Standard experimental models of neuropathic pain include an important peripheral inflammatory component, which involves prominent immune cell activation and infiltration. Among potential immunomodulators, the T-cell cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has a key role in regulating immune cell activation and glial reactivity after CNS injury. Here we show, using the model of chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCI), that IL-15 is essential for the development of the early inflammatory events in the spinal cord after a peripheral lesion that generates neuropathic pain. IL-15 expression in the spinal cord was identified in both astroglial and microglial cells and was present during the initial gliotic and inflammatory (NFkappaB) response to injury. The expression of IL-15 was also identified as a cue for macrophage and T-cell activation and infiltration in the sciatic nerve, as shown by intraneural injection of the cytokine and activity blockage approaches. We conclude that the regulation of IL-15 and hence the initial events following its expression after peripheral nerve injury could have a future therapeutic potential in the reduction of neuroinflammation.
Gómez-Nicola
D
D
Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.
Valle-Argos
B
B
Suardíaz
M
M
Taylor
J S
JS
Nieto-Sampedro
M
M
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000473:pathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
D039481:CD11b Antigen; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D019409:Interleukin-15; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase