title: Parental history of myocardial infarction and risk of heart failure in male physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although heart failure (HF) remains a major public health issue, limited data are available on the utility of parental information on the risk of HF in offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined the association between parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) and incident HF among 20,187 offspring in the Physicians' Health Study I. Parental history and age at MI was assessed by a questionnaire and a Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks of HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an average follow-up of 19.6 years, 1036 new HF cases were documented. Overall, while a history of early parental MI (before age 55) was associated with a 32% increased risk of HF in offspring compared with subjects whose parent did not have MI, parental MI at older ages was not associated with HF risk. However, the relation between parental history of MI and HF was stronger and mainly observed for HF with antecedent MI. Compared with subjects without parental history of MI, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for HF with antecedent MI were 3.44 (2.15-5.51), 2.24 (1.20-4.21), 1.26 (0.63-2.51), and 1.37 (0.92-2.03) for parental MI occurred at the age of < 55, 55-59, 60-64, and 65 + y, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that parental MI at an early age is a strong and independent predictor of HF with antecedent MI among US male physicians. This information, along with existing tools, may help clinicians identify patients at risk of HF with antecedent MI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA. ldjousse@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Djoussé
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005192:Family Health; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010820:Physicians; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology