title: Correlates of treatment-emergent mania associated with antidepressant treatment in bipolar depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment-emergent mania can have substantial negative impact on overall mood and psychosocial stability in patients receiving treatment for bipolar depression. This study examined the correlates associated with treatment-emergent mania in patients receiving adjunctive antidepressant treatment for bipolar depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 176 adult outpatients with bipolar disorder in a 10-week trial of adjunctive antidepressant treatment for depression were categorized into three groups based on the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Bipolar Disorder: those who responded to antidepressant treatment (N=85), those who did not respond to antidepressant treatment (N=45), and those who had treatment-emergent mania or hypomania (N=46). Symptom severity was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at baseline and bimonthly intervals. Factor analysis was used to examine correlates of treatment-emergent mania.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline YMRS scores were significantly different between groups. Otherwise, there were no significant between-group differences in demographic or clinical characteristics. Factor analysis showed that a subset of the YMRS items predicted treatment-emergent mania in this sample: increased motor activity, speech, and language-thought disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that minimal manic symptoms at baseline coexisting with otherwise full syndromal bipolar depression are associated with antidepressant treatment-emergent mania or hypomania. A careful examination of motor activation, pressured speech, and racing thoughts is warranted before starting antidepressant treatment in bipolar depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Mood Clinic and Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55901, USA. mfrye@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helleman
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kupka
authors.forename: Gabriele S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Leverich
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunze
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Trisha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suppes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D020280:Sertraline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D016642:Bupropion; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D020280:Sertraline