title: [Finite element analysis of mechanical characteristics during retracting mandibular incisors through sliding mechanics].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the mechanical characteristic changes of teeth and arch under different loading direction during retracting mandibular incisors through implant, simulating clinical loading system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three- dimensional finite element model, including brackets, archwire, crampable hooks and implants, was reconstructed. The force direction was determined by connecting the points in crampable hook and the center point of implant, and the force point and force direction were changed with the adjustment of the height of crampable hook and the height of implant. Then three-dimensional movement trend of teeth, stress distribution in periodontal membrane and the largest displacement of archwire nodes in each group were calculated and analyzed. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the height of implant and the height of crampable hook were correlated with the movement of teeth and stress distribution in periodontal membrane (P<0.01). The movement trend of teeth in the condition of different height of implant and different height of crampable hook was illustrated as follows:(1)with the height increase of crampable hook, the movement trend of the central and lateral incisors varied from mesial lingual tipping to mesial labial tipping. However, canines tipped distally and lingually; the second premolars tipped mesially and lingually, and the first molar roots tipped distally and buccally with decreasing tipping angle. (2) The largest stress distribution in the whole arch was located in the labial apical one-third area of the lateral incisors, while that of canines and the first molars was located in the alveolar ridges and root bifurcations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the different movement trend during retracting anterior teeth can be achieved through the adjustment of the height of crampable hook, and implant, anchorage can effectively control anterior movement of the posterior teeth. Supported by Research Fund of Bureau of Science and Technology of Nantong City (Grant No. S40023).
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mei-Qin
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Wen-Jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D001641:Bicuspid; D015921:Dental Implants; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants