title: Zoledronate facilitates large-scale ex vivo expansion of functional gammadelta T cells from cancer patients for use in adoptive immunotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human gammadelta T cells can be activated by phospho-antigens and aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronate. Because they can kill tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner, adoptive transfer of activated gammadelta T cells may represent a novel cancer immunotherapy. We tested whether gammadelta T cells from advanced cancer patients can be expanded by zoledronate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, bone metastatic breast or prostate cancer, or lung metastatic colorectal cancer, were stimulated with zoledronate (5 microM) and interleukin (IL)-2 (1000 IU/mL) for 14 days. The phenotype and function of the expanded gammadelta T-cell populations from healthy donors and cancer patients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gammadelta T cells from cancer patients and healthy donors responded to zoledronate equally well in terms of both phenotype and function. gammadelta T cells grew rapidly in vitro and expression of effector molecules, such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, perforin, granzyme B, FasL and TRAIL, increased over time. Cytotoxicity peaked on days 12-14, and proliferation continued up to 14 days, during which time>1x10(9) gammadelta T cells could be obtained from a starting sample of 45-70 mL peripheral blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the agent zoledronate, already widely used in the clinic, we have established that efficient large-scale ex vivo expansion of gammadelta T cells from cancer patients is possible. These cells exert potent cytotoxicity and may be used for autologous cellular immunotherapy of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunotherapeutics (Medinet), University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakuta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D012313:RNA; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid