title: Pharmacogenomics of multiple sclerosis: in search for a personalized therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects young adults and provokes severe disability, imposing a high health and social burden. Current therapies for MS include interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab and chemotherapy. These therapies decrease the number of relapses and partially prevent disability accumulation. However, their efficacy is only moderate, they have common adverse effects and impose a high cost to health systems. The identification of biomarkers will allow responders and non-responders to therapy to be identified, increasing the efficacy and adherence to therapy, and the pharmaco-economic profile of theses drugs.
  In this review we examine the pharmacogenetic studies that have evaluated the clinical response to interferon-beta, and to a lesser extent, glatiramer acetate and natalizumab. Finally, we discuss how systems biology can be used to integrate biological and clinical data in order to develop personalized medicine for MS.
authors.affiliation: University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Lab 2.05, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinez-Forero
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelaez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villoslada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010548:Personal Health Services; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I