title: Emissions of total volatile organic compounds and indoor environment assessment in dental clinics in Athens, Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the amount of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) emitted from five dental substances commonly used in a dental clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  An assessment of the indoor air quality in two clinics of the Athens University Dentistry Faculty was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that TVOC emissions from Kalocryl and Bacillol reached extremely high values affecting the air in the dental clinics at short and long distances from the source. Six pollutants TVOCs, CO2, PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO(x) were measured and indoor sources associated with dental activities were identified. Very high concentrations of TVOCs were found which exceeded the acceptable levels by a factor of 20, associated with the nature of the dental activities and the ventilation conditions. The CO2 concentration levels were high and the indoor conditions were considered unsatisfactory, associated with the number of occupants and the ventilation conditions. PM concentrations were high due to the nature of the dental activities and they exceeded the outdoor levels by a factor of 5 to 6. The concentrations of the gaseous pollutants NO(x) were low while the SO2 concentrations were hardly detectable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Athens, Greece. chelmis@phys.uoa.gr
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Helmis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tzoutzas
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Flocas
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Halios
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Stathopoulou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apostolatou
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D003740:Dental Clinics; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014691:Ventilation; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D052638:Particulate Matter; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide