title: Selective transarterial chemoembolization of advanced hepatocellular carcinomas: a reasonable palliative option.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to provide information concerning the performance of selective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a palliative treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also in the case of multifocal lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed prospectively collected data on 43 patients with cirrhosis and HCC who underwent selective TACE as a palliative treatment. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: (1) those with one to three HCC lesions, and (2) those with four or more HCC lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and two TACE sessions were applied in 43 patients. There were 39 men and 4 women with a mean age of 65.5 +/- 8.273 years. Alpha fetoprotein levels were elevated to a median value of 73.8 U/mL prior to first TACE (range, 1.5-25615 U/mL). Fourteen patients underwent one session, and 29 patients from two to eight TACE sessions. Bilobar HCC distribution prior to initial TACE was evident in 40% of the patients. Solitary HCC was radiologically diagnosed in 14 patients. Twenty-seven patients were assigned to group 1 and 16 patients to group 2. No significant differences were found between the two groups concerning the number of TACE sessions and the severity of liver cirrhosis. Currently 12 patients are alive after a median follow-up of 25 months (range, 3-84 months). Three- and 5-year survival rates according to patient groups were 45% and 19%, and 42% and 11% for the patients' groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCC patients without a curative therapy option may benefit from palliative TACE, also in the case of multifocal lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital, Mainz, Germany. timm@ach.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timm
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Draier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knüpffer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins