title: Clinical predictors of transient ischemic attack, stroke, or death within 30 days of carotid artery stent placement with distal balloon protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid artery stent placement has been accepted as an effective alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA), especially in patients at high risk in the setting of CEA. The purpose of this study was to determine potential clinical risk factors for the development of postprocedural neurologic deficits after carotid artery stent placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical characteristics of 58 patients (49 men, nine women; 41 at high risk with CEA, 17 at low risk; median age, 70 years) who underwent carotid artery stent placement with distal balloon protection for 65 hemispheres/arteries (31 asymptomatic lesions and 34 symptomatic lesions) and the combined 30-day complication rates (transient ischemic attack [TIA], minor stroke, major stroke, or death) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (9.0%) experienced a TIA and one patient (1.5%) had a major stroke (1.5%) within 30 days of the procedure. There were no deaths, so the overall 30-day combined stroke and death rate was 1.5%. The chi(2) test revealed that advanced age (>75 years) was a significant clinical predictor of 30-day combined neurologic complications and major adverse effects (P < .01). In addition, a symptomatic lesion was marginally associated with the 30-day incidence of neurologic ischemia on the ipsilateral side (P = .049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that carotid artery stent placement with distal balloon protection can be performed with similar periprocedural complication rates as CEA. CEA should be the first-line treatment in the management of patients older than 75 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome