title: GRC-6211, a new oral specific TRPV1 antagonist, decreases bladder overactivity and noxious bladder input in cystitis animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of GRC-6211, an orally active TRPV1 antagonist, on the function and noxious input of naïve and inflamed bladders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In urethane (Sigma(R)) anesthetized rats 0.5 ml GRC-6211 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg weight) or its vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) were administered through a duodenal catheter and cystometry was done during infusion of saline, 100 microM capsaicin or 0.5% acetic acid (Merck, Feltham, United Kingdom). Cystometry was also performed in WT and TRPV1 knockout mice treated with 1 mg/kg GRC-6211. Cystometry was done in rats inflamed with lipopolysaccharide after receiving 0.1 mg/kg GRC-6221 or vehicle. Spinal c-fos expression induced by 0.5% acetic acid was investigated after 0.1 mg/kg GRC-6211 or vehicle administration. TRPV1 immunoreactivity was evaluated in the bladder after GRC-6211 administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reflex activity of rat and WT mice naïve bladders was unchanged by GRC-6211 up to a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. At 1 mg/kg contractions were transiently suppressed in naïve rats and WT mice but not in TRPV1 knockout mice. GRC-6211 (0.1 mg/kg) completely prevented capsaicin induced irritation, while the 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg dose decreased the mean +/- SD frequency of bladder contractions during acetic acid infusion from 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.35 +/- 0.35 (not significant), 0.9 +/- 0.2 (p <0.05) and 0.8 +/- 0.2 (p <0.05), respectively. Lipopolysaccharide inflamed rats had 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 contractions per minute after vehicle and GRC-6211, respectively (p <0.05). The c-fos expression induced by acetic acid was decreased by GRC-6211 (85.5 +/- 19.1 to 46.7 +/- 9.4, p <0.05). GRC-6211 did not change bladder TRPV1 immunoreactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRC-6211 counteracts the bladder hyperactivity and noxious input induced by cystitis. At high doses it suppresses normal bladder activity by a TRPV1 dependent mechanism. TRPV1 antagonists might be useful for cystitis.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charrua
authors.forename: Célia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Shridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Laxmikant
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gharat
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gullapalli
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avelino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003556:Cystitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat