Organophosphate degrading microorganisms and enzymes as biocatalysts in environmental and personal decontamination applications.
One of the major challenges in dealing with chemical warfare agent (CWA) dispersal, whether in the battlefield or after a terror act, is decontamination and rehabilitation of any contaminated area. Organophosphates (OPs) are considered to be among the deadliest CWAs to date. Other OPs are used as pesticides in modern agriculture, and are considered environmentally hazardous. Current methods for OP decontamination are either dangerous or insufficiently effective. As a promising solution for this problem, bioremediation--the use of biocomponents for environmental remediation--is a potentially effective, safe, and environment-friendly method. The technology relies on several enzymatic mechanisms, and can be applied in various ways. We will review recent achievements and potential applications, such as biocatalyst-containing foams and an enzymatic sponge, for environmental as well as personal exterior decontamination.
Yair
Simo
S
CBRN Medicine Branch, Medical Corps, IDF. simoyair@gmail.com
Ofer
Butnaro
B
Arik
Eisenkraft
E
Shai
Shrot
S
Yossi
Rosman
R
Tzvika
Dushnitsky
D
Amir
Krivoy
K
D000818:Animals; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects
D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D010755:Organophosphates; D010091:Oximes; D010575:Pesticides; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase