title: PAI-1 and functional blockade of SNAI1 in breast cancer cell migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Snail, a family of transcriptional repressors implicated in cell movement, has been correlated with tumour invasion. The Plasminogen Activation (PA) system, including urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1), also plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis, either through proteolytic degradation or by non-proteolytic modulation of cell adhesion and migration. Thus, Snail and the PA system are both over-expressed in cancer and influence this process. In this study we aimed to determine if the activity of SNAI1 (a member of the Snail family) is correlated with expression of the PA system components and how this correlation can influence tumoural cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the invasive breast cancer cell-line MDA-MB-231 expressing SNAI1 (MDA-mock) with its derived clone expressing a dominant-negative form of SNAI1 (SNAI1-DN). Expression of PA system mRNAs was analysed by cDNA microarrays and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Wound healing assays were used to determine cell migration. PAI-1 distribution was assessed by immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated by both cDNA microarrays and real-time quantitative RT-PCR that the functional blockade of SNAI1 induces a significant decrease of PAI-1 and uPA transcripts. After performing an in vitro wound-healing assay, we observed that SNAI1-DN cells migrate more slowly than MDA-mock cells and in a more collective manner. The blockade of SNAI1 activity resulted in the redistribution of PAI-1 in SNAI1-DN cells decorating large lamellipodia, which are commonly found structures in these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of functional SNAI1, the expression of PAI-1 transcripts is decreased, although the protein is redistributed at the leading edge of migrating cells in a manner comparable with that seen in normal epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: DYNAMIC Team, IBISC FRE 3190 CNRS - Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Genopole, Evry 91000, France.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabre-Guillevin
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cartier-Michaud
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moreno-Bueno
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vallée
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barlovatz-Meimon
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charrière-Bertrand
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator