title: The combined approach--a challenge for border crossing water quality issues in Austria.
abstract: Is it sufficient to meet threshold values downstream of a discharge, even if this leaves no more space for future development? Is it simply bad luck for a downstream country, if threshold values are filled up at the border and there is no more space for additional emissions? If not: what are the criteria to distribute acceptable emissions between countries and regions? Who pays according to the "polluter pays" principle in a case, if several polluters contribute to the pollution, but the most cost-effective measures to reach the good status concern only some of the emitters/enterprises? There are little experiences with those and other related questions in Austria and many other EU-member states. This contribution intends to discuss these issues based on actual problems and would like to raise awareness for several of these unsolved questions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water Quality, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13, 1040, Vienna, Austria. mzessner@iwag.tuwien.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zessner
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004058:Diffusion; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007391:International Cooperation; D014867:Water / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014867:Water