title: Activation of the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 gene by the human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein.
abstract: The malignant phenotype of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancer cells is maintained by the activity of the viral E6 and E7 genes. Here, we identified the polycomb group gene enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) as a novel downstream target for the viral oncogenes in HPV-transformed cells. EZH2 expression was activated by HPV16 E7 at the transcriptional level via E7-mediated release of E2F from pocket proteins. RNA interference analyses showed that continuous EZH2 expression is required for the proliferation of HPV-positive tumor cells by stimulating cell cycle progression at the G1-S boundary. In addition to its growth-promoting activity, EZH2 also contributed to the apoptotic resistance of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that HPV-positive dysplastic and tumorigenic cervical lesions were characterized by high levels of EZH2 protein in vivo. We conclude that the E7 target gene EZH2 is a major determinant for the proliferation of HPV-positive cancer cells and contributes to their apoptotic resistance. Moreover, EZH2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoppe-Seyler
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lohrey
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maroldt
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dürst
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoppe-Seyler
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006367:HeLa Cells; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; C052603:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 18; C052633:E7 protein, Human papillomavirus type 18; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2