title: Treatment with adalimumab (Humira) and intravenous immunoglobulin improves pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) increases in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates among young (<38 years) women with infertility and T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine elevation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five sub-fertile women with Th1/Th2 cytokine elevation were divided into four groups: Group I: Forty-one patients using both IVIG and Adalimumab (Humira), Group II: Twenty-three patients using IVIG, Group III: Six patients using Humira, and Group IV: Five patients using no IVIG or Humira.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implantation rate (number of gestational sacs per embryo transferred, with an average of two embryos transferred by cycle) was 59% (50/85), 47% (21/45), 31% (4/13) and 0% (0/9) for groups I, II, III and IV respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate (fetal heart activity per IVF cycle started) was 80% (33/41), 57% (13/23), 50% (3/6) and 0% (0/5) and the live birth rate was 73% (30/41), 52% (12/23), 50% (3/6) and 0% (0/5) respectively. There was a significant improvement in implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates for group I versus group IV (P = 0.0007, 0.0009, and 0.003, respectively) and for group II versus group IV (P = 0.009, 0.04 and 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a TNF-alpha inhibitor and IVIG significantly improves IVF outcome in young infertile women with Th1/Th2 cytokine elevation.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Suite 2106, 611 Washington Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA. ewinger@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Winger
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashoush
authors.forename: Sapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Toukhy
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taranissi
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D016207:Cytokines; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000068879:Adalimumab