Human immune memory to yellow fever and smallpox vaccination.
BACKGROUND
Establishment of immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immune responses and the biological mechanism for the success of vaccines. However, in humans, much of our knowledge about adaptive immune responses derives from studies of chronic viral infections.


OBJECTIVE
Here, we summarize the work of our laboratory and others on B and T cell responses and the establishment and maintenance of immune memory after acute viral infections induced by vaccination with two of the most successful vaccines to date, the yellow fever and the smallpox vaccines.
Wrammert
Jens
J
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. wrammert@microbio.emory.edu
Miller
Joe
J
Akondy
Rama
R
Ahmed
Rafi
R
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D012901:Variola virus / Q000276:immunology; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine