title: cis-4-[(18)F]-Fluoro-l-proline fails to detect peripheral tumors in humans.
abstract: System A amino acid transport is increased in transformed and malignant cells. The amino acid 4-cis[(18)F]fluoro-l-proline (cis-[(18)F]FPro) has been shown to be a substrate of the System A amino acid carrier. In this pilot study, we investigated the diagnostic potential of cis-[(18)F]FPro in patients with various tumors in comparison with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (seven females, one male, age range 43-77 years) with large primary, recurrent or metastatic tumors of different histologies were included in this study. One patient had a recurrent non-Hodgkin lymphoma; two patients, metastatic colon or rectal cancer; one, a metastatic endometrial cancer; one, a multiple myeloma; one, an Ewing sarcoma; one, a metastatic breast cancer and one, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. PET scans of the trunk were acquired at 1 h after intravenous injection of 400 MBq cis-[(18)F]FPro and compared to PET scans with [(18)F]FDG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the tumors or metastatic lesions in this series of patients demonstrated relevant uptake of cis-[(18)F]FPro. In contrast, all tumors with exception of the multiple myeloma showed an intensive uptake of [(18)F]FDG. The mean standardized uptake value of cis-[(18)F]FPro in the tumor or metastases was significantly lower than that of [(18)F]FDG uptake (1.7+/-0.6 vs. 5.7+/-3.0; n=8; P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although other System A-specific tracers have shown relevant tumor uptake, cis-[(18)F]FPro fails to detect most types of human tumors. Based on these results, we cannot recommend a further evaluation of this tracer as a tumor-seeking agent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Biophysics-Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, FRG.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoffels
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauleit
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kobbe
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salber
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.forename: Heinz H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.forename: Karl-Josef
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Langen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C431803:fluoro-proline; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D011392:Proline