title: A phantom tissue system for the calibration of perfusion measurements.
abstract: A convenient method for testing and calibrating surface perfusion sensors has been developed. A phantom tissue model is used to simulate the nondirectional blood flow of tissue perfusion. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed in Fluent(R) to design the phantom tissue and validate the experimental results. The phantom perfusion system was used with a perfusion sensor based on clearance of thermal energy. A heat flux gage measures the heat flux response of tissue when a thermal event (convective cooling) is applied. The blood perfusion and contact resistance are estimated by a parameter estimation code. From the experimental and analytical results, it was concluded that the probe displayed good measurement repeatability and sensitivity. The experimental perfusion measurements in the tissue were in good agreement with those of the CFD models and demonstrated the value of the phantom tissue system.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, USA.
authors.forename: Ashvinikumar V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mudaliar
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: Otto I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.forename: Elaine P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Diller
mesh_terms: D032701:Biomimetics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena