title: Ascorbic acid, catalase and chlorpromazine reduce cryopreservation-induced damages to crossbred bull spermatozoa.
abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of ascorbic acid, catalase, chlorpromazine and their combinations in reducing the cryodamages to crossbred bull (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) spermatozoa. A total of 32 ejaculates (eight each from four bulls) were diluted in Tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol extender. Each ejaculate was split into six parts (five treatment and one control). Treatment groups included 10 mm ascorbic acid, 0.1 mm chlorpromazine, 200 IU/ml catalase, 10 mm ascorbic acid + 0.1 mm chlorpromazine or 200 IU/ml catalase + 0.1 mm chlorpromazine in the extender. Fluorescent probes (Fluorescein isothiocyanate--Pisum sativum agglutinin + Propidium iodide) were used for the assessment of spermatozoa viability and acrosomal status. The proportion of acrosome intact live (AIL), acrosome intact dead, acrosome reacted live and acrosome reacted dead sperm was assessed in fresh, equilibrated and frozen-thawed semen. The functional status of the sperm was assessed using hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test (HOSST). Activities of acrosin and hyaluronidase enzyme were also determined. Lipid peroxidation level was assayed based on the melonaldehyde (MDA) production. In cryopreserved semen, the values of AIL spermatozoa, HOSST response, hyaluronidase and acrosin activity were reduced by 53%, 47%, 34% and 54%, respectively from their initial values in fresh semen. However, MDA level was threefold higher in the frozen-thawed sperm compared with fresh sperm. Significant (p < 0.05) improvement in motility, viability, HOSST response, retention of hyaluonidase and acrosin and reduction in MDA was recorded in ascorbic acid, catalase, ascorbic acid + chlorpromazine and catalase + chlorpromazine incorporated groups. The percentage of AIL sperm was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ascorbic acid, catalase and ascorbic acid + chlorpromazine incorporated groups compared with the control. Chlorpromazine alone did not improve the post-thaw semen quality but when combined with either ascorbic acid or catalase, improvement in semen quality was noticed. It was inferred that incorporation of ascorbic acid, catalase and ascorbic acid + chlorpromazine in semen extender improved the post-thaw semen quality in crossbred bulls.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Paudel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Meur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumaresan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D002374:Catalase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002746:Chlorpromazine