title: Intramyocardial transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem cells: ultrasonic strain rate imaging in a model of hibernating myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate potential cardioprotective effects of bone marrow-derived stem cells in chronic ischemic myocardium regarding strain rate parameters during dobutamine stress echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ameroid constrictor was placed around the circumflex artery in 23 pigs to induce hibernating myocardium. Pigs received autologous mesenchymal stem cells (auto MSCs), allogeneic MSC (allo MSC), autologous mononuclear cells (auto MNCs), or placebo injections into the ischemic region. During dobutamine stress echocardiography, peak systolic strain rates (SR(sys)) and systolic and postsystolic strain values (epsilon(sys), epsilon(ps)) were determined. The animals were evaluated regarding myocardial fibrosis, neovascularization, apoptosis, and myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ejection fraction was reduced in the control group compared with the auto MSC-, allo MSC-, and auto MNC-treated pigs (36.5% vs 46.0% vs 46.0% vs 41.5%; P = .001, respectively). Histopathology revealed a decreased myocardial fibrosis in auto MSC- (16.3%), allo MSC- (11.3%), and auto MNC- (16.7%) treated pigs compared with controls (31.0%; P = .004). The fibrosis and echocardiographic deformation data correlated in the posterior walls: rest peak SR(sys)r = -0.92; epsilon(sys)r = -0.86; 10 microg dobutamine stimulation peak SR(sys)r = -0.88, epsilon(sys), r = -0.87 (P = .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocardial injection of stem cells may induce cardioprotective effects in chronic ischemic myocardium and helps to keep the ischemic myocardium viable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Korff
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaquet
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geidel
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malisius
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boczor
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zienkiewicz
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kuck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D034421:Sus scrofa