Case files of the medical toxicology fellowship at the toxikon consortium in Chicago: cocaine-associated wide-complex dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest - treatment nuances and controversies.
A 19-year-old woman was brought by ambulance to the emergency department (ED) from a police holding cell. Less than 3 hours earlier, the patient had been a passenger in a car stopped for a traffic violation. As the police officer approached the car, the patient was noted to hurriedly stuff 2 plastic bags containing a white powdery substance into her mouth. On questioning, it was reported that the packets contained cocaine. Less than an hour after being taken to the police station, the patient was witnessed to have a generalized seizure. What is the pharmacological basis of acute cocaine intoxication? What are the cardiovascular manifestations of acute cocaine intoxication? What is the basis for using sodium bicarbonate in cocaine-induced wide-complex dysrhythmias? What is the basis for the use of lidocaine in cocaine-induced wide-complex dysrhythmias? Is there any evidence for the use of amiodarone to treat cocaine-induced wide-complex dysrhythmias?
Kalimullah
Ejaaz A
EA
Cook County-Stroger Hospital, Toxikon Consortium; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Bryant
Sean M
SM
D000638:Amiodarone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003042:Cocaine / Q000506:poisoning*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011674:Pulse; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000506:poisoning; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000931:Antidotes; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D002606:Charcoal; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D003042:Cocaine; D000638:Amiodarone; D008140:Lorazepam