title: Integrated decision-tree testing strategies for skin corrosion and irritation with respect to the requirements of the EU REACH legislation.
abstract: Liverpool John Moores University and FRAME recently conducted a research project, sponsored by Defra, on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for the safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This report focuses on how to maximise the use of alternative methods (both in vitro and in silico) for skin corrosion and irritation testing within a tiered testing strategy. It considers the latest developments in in vitro testing, with particular reference to the reconstituted skin models which have now been now been successfully validated and independently endorsed as suitable for both skin corrosivity and irritancy testing within the EU.
authors.affiliation: FRAME, Nottingham, UK. frame@frame.org.uk
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grindon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.forename: Mark T D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Garrod
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria; D002460:Cell Line; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003663:Decision Trees; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D008322:Mammals; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants