Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). New echocardiographic indices in Old World monkeys.
OBJECTIVE
Macaques are used in cardiovascular and metabolic research. We determined echocardiographic-derived reference values of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata).


METHODS
Transthoracic echocardiography was performed during ketamine sedation in 83 (67% female) healthy monkeys (age 7-26 years).


RESULTS
Technically adequate studies were obtained in all subjects and required 10.1 +/- 1.3 min of scanning time. Age correlated inversely with the following Doppler indices: E (r = -0.44, p < 0.001), E/A (r = -0.26, p = 0.02), E' (r = -0.45, p < 0.001, E'/A' (r = -0.44, p < 0.001), E/E' (r -0.25, p = 0.03), S' (r = -0.33, p = 0.003), Vp (r = -0.26, p = 0.049). LV mass was more strongly correlated with crown rump length (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and body surface area (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) than with body mass index (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and weight (r = 0.63, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates echocardiography is feasible for characterizing LV function. Age-related changes in Doppler indices in primates are similar to those in humans. LV mass is more closely related to fat-free mass indices. We provide reference values for LV systolic and diastolic function in adult bonnet macaques across the captive life span.
Lazar
Jason M
JM
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1199 Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA. jason.lazar@downstate.edu
Qureshi
Ghazanfar
G
Qureshi
Mohammed Rehan
MR
Smith
Eric
E
Scharf
Bruce
B
Rosenblum
Leonard A
LA
Signaevsky
Maxim
M
Kral
John G
JG
Salciccioli
Louis
L
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D012016:Reference Values; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine