title: Optic disc hemorrhage may be associated with retinal nerve fiber loss in otherwise normal eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate quantitatively the structural damage of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in eyes with disc hemorrhage (DH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with DH (70 eyes; mean age +/- standard deviation, 60.0+/-11.8 years) and 100 healthy control subjects (100 eyes; mean age +/- standard deviation, 57.7+/-8.0 years) were enrolled from the Glaucoma Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal eyes without DH (group 1: normal control group) served as controls. Eyes with DH were divided into the following groups: (1) eyes with a DH, accompanied by no visible RNFL defect according to red-free fundus photography and normal visual fields (group 2: DH only group); (2) eyes with a DH and a localized RNFL defect in the same quadrant, accompanied by normal visual fields (group 3: DH-preperimetric group); and (3) eyes with a DH and a localized RNFL defect in the same quadrant, accompanied by glaucomatous visual field defect in the corresponding hemifield location (group 4: DH-perimetric group). Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured RNFL thicknesses were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average and segmental (4 quadrants and 12 clock-hours) OCT-measured RNFL thicknesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of eyes in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 100, 25, 22, and 23 eyes, respectively. The OCT-measured RNFL thickness was significantly different among the 4 groups in average RNFL thickness and in inferior, superior, and nasal quadrants (P<0.01, 1-way analysis of variance). On post hoc analysis, the eyes of groups 2 and 3 showed thinner average RNFL thickness than those of group 1, and the average RNFL thickness of group 4 was significantly lower than that of groups 2 and 3 (P<0.001, 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test). The OCT-measured RNFL thickness revealed a topographic relationship with the DH location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant RNFL loss was already present in the DH only eyes with apparently normal RNFL configuration by red-free fundus photography, indicating that preperimetric changes of the RNFL are already present. These results suggest that OCT has the potential to detect subclinical or preperimetric RNFL loss in the eyes with DH.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeoung
authors.forename: Ki Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Joon Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ja Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Tae-Woo
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Myung
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields