Epidural analgesia and liver resection: postoperative coagulation disorders and epidural catheter removal.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to quantify the duration and severity of postoperative coagulopathy in order to establish the optimal time for epidural catheter removal.


METHODS
In a 2-year retrospective study, 140 consecutive patients underwent major liver resection.


RESULTS
Epidural catheters were present in 123 patients (87.9%). Resections were: 33 (26.8%) right hepatectomy (with or without left metastasectomy), 9 (7.3%) left hemihepatectomy (with or without right metastasectomy), 37 (30.1%) trisectionectomy (extended hemihepatectomy) and 44 (35.8%) non-anatomical metastasectomy. Surgery was quantified by segments resected (4 [range: 1-7]). Vascular inflow occlusion was used in 65.6%. Ischaemic time was 26.5 min (range: 0-104 min). Platelet count fell postoperatively and was lowest on day 2 (205±72 10(9) L(-1)). There was a significant increase in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and International Normalised Ratio (INR) postoperatively, peaking on day 2 (21.5±5.6 s, 37.9±5.8 s and 1.9±0.5, respectively). Changes persisted beyond day 6. Epidural catheters were removed on day 5 (1-11), with a protocol criterion of INR <1.2. Actual INR on day 5 was 1.49±0.36.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite this, no epidural or spinal haematoma was recorded.
Stamenkovic
D M
DM
Department of Anaesthesia, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Jankovic
Z B
ZB
Toogood
G J
GJ
Lodge
J P A
JP
Bellamy
M C
MC
D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002404:Catheterization; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010976:Platelet Count; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin