Ketosis and brain handling of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA.
We hypothesize that one mechanism of the anti-epileptic effect of the ketogenic diet is to alter brain handling of glutamate. According to this formulation, in ketotic brain astrocyte metabolism is more active, resulting in enhanced conversion of glutamate to glutamine. This allows for: (a) more efficient removal of glutamate, the most important excitatory neurotransmitter; and (b) more efficient conversion of glutamine to GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Yudkoff
Marc
M
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. yudkoff@email.chop.edu
Daikhin
Yevgeny
Y
Horyn
Oksana
O
Nissim
Ilana
I
Nissim
Itzhak
I
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007662:Ketosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid