title: The extreme halophyte Salicornia veneta is depleted of the extrinsic PsbQ and PsbP proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex without loss of functional activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Photosystem II of oxygenic organisms is a multi-subunit protein complex made up of at least 20 subunits and requires Ca(2+) and Cl(-) as essential co-factors. While most subunits form the catalytic core responsible for water oxidation, PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ form an extrinsic domain exposed to the luminal side of the membrane. In vitro studies have shown that these subunits have a role in modulating the function of Cl(-) and Ca(2+), but their role(s) in vivo remains to be elucidated, as the relationships between ion concentrations and extrinsic polypeptides are not clear. With the aim of understanding these relationships, the photosynthetic apparatus of the extreme halophyte Salicornia veneta has been compared with that of spinach. Compared to glycophytes, halophytes have a different ionic composition, which could be expected to modulate the role of extrinsic polypeptides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structure and function of in vivo and in vitro PSII in S. veneta were investigated and compared to spinach. Light and electron microscopy, oxygen evolution, gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, DNA sequencing, RT-PCR and time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thylakoids of S. veneta did not contain PsbQ protein and its mRNA was absent. When compared to spinach, PsbP was partly depleted (30 %), as was its mRNA. All other thylakoid subunits were present in similar amounts in both species. PSII electron transfer was not affected. Fluorescence was strongly quenched upon irradiation of plants with high light, and relaxed only after prolonged dark incubation. Quenching of fluorescence was not linked to degradation of D1 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In S. veneta the PsbQ protein is not necessary for photosynthesis in vivo. As the amount of PsbP is sub-stoichiometric with other PSII subunits, this protein too is largely dispensable from a catalytic standpoint. One possibility is that PsbP acts as an assembly factor for PSII.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagliano
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreucci
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deák
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vass
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rascio
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbato
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000528:radiation effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010100:Oxygen