title: Prediction of death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive value of respiratory and haemodynamic variables and opinion of the intensivist for determining how soon death occurs after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments (WLST).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  83 consecutive adult intensive care patients at John Hunter and Calvary Mater Hospitals, Newcastle, New South Wales, for whom a decision was made to withdraw life-sustaining treatment between March 2007 and March 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected before initiation of palliation. Primary outcome was to recognise in a multivariate analysis the parameters associated with a time to death < or = 60 minutes after WLST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  81 patients underwent WLST: 79 died, and two survived to be discharged from hospital. Thirty-six patients (45%) died within 60 minutes of WLST, and 45 (55%) survived 60 minutes or longer. Mean ICU stay before WLST was 4.8 days (range, 1-85 days). Mean time from WLST to death was 6:31 h (range, 1 minute to 31 days). A modified University of Wisconsin assessment tool showed no statistical association with the time from WLST to death (P = 0.09). The adapted United Network for Organ Sharing tool, systolic blood pressure, APACHE II score, ventilatory dependence, oxygen disruption, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and staff specialist opinion all showed a statistically significant association with time from WLST to death (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to predict the time from WLST to death accurately using a tool that combines GCS, respiratory and haemodynamic parameters and intensivist opinion. These results require validation in a large multicentre study.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brieva
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crowfoot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003422:Critical Care; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D028761:Withholding Treatment