title: Coordinated control of connexin 26 and connexin 30 at the regulatory and functional level in the inner ear.
abstract: Connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) are encoded by two genes (GJB2 and GJB6, respectively) that are found within 50 kb in the same complex deafness locus, DFNB1. Immunocytochemistry and quantitative PCR analysis of Cx30 KO mouse cultures revealed that Cx26 is downregulated at the protein level and at the mRNA level in nonsensory cells located between outer hair cells and the stria vascularis. To explore connexin coregulation, we manipulated gene expression using the bovine adeno-associated virus. Overexpression of Cx30 in the Cx30 KO mouse by transduction with bovine adeno-associated virus restored Cx26 expression, permitted the formation of functional gap junction channels, and rescued propagating Ca(2+) signals. Ablation of Cx26 by transduction of Cx26(loxP/loxP) cultures with a Cre recombinase vector caused concurrent downregulation of Cx30 and impaired intercellular communication. The coordinated regulation of Cx26 and Cx30 expression appears to occur as a result of signaling through PLC and the NF-kappaB pathway, because activation of IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) responses by stimulation of P2Y receptors for 20 min with 20 nM ATP increased the levels of Cx26 transcripts in Cx30 KO cultures. This effect was inhibited by expressing a stable form of the IkappaB repressor protein that prevents activation/translocation of NF-kappaB. Thus, our data reveal a Ca(2+)-dependent control in the expression of inner ear connexins implicated in hereditary deafness as well as insight into the hitherto unexplained observation that some deafness-associated DFNB1 alleles are characterized by hereditable reduction of both GJB2 and GJB6 expression.
authors.affiliation: Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Saida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortolano
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Pasquale
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crispino
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anselmi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mammano
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chiorini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D000072259:Connexin 26; D000075302:Connexin 30; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003638:Deafness / Q000235:genetics; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000075302:Connexin 30; D017630:Connexins; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; C491020:GJB6 protein, human; C000607043:Gjb2 protein, mouse; C100629:Gjb6 protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000072259:Connexin 26; D002118:Calcium