title: Intrathecal ropivacaine 5 mg/ml for outpatient knee arthroscopy: a comparison with lidocaine 10 mg/ml.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective, randomised, blind study was to compare the evolution of spinal block produced with 50 mg lidocaine 10 mg/ml and 10 mg ropivacaine 5 mg/ml for outpatient knee arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty outpatients undergoing knee arthroscopy received 50 mg of lidocaine 10 mg/ml (n=15) or 10 mg of ropivacaine 5 mg/ml (n=15) intrathecally. The evolution of spinal block was recorded until home discharge, while the occurrence of transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) was evaluated through phone-call follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median onset time was 15 (10-21) min with lidocaine and 24 (11-37) min with ropivacaine (P=0.109). Spinal lidocaine resulted in a faster resolution of sensory block [148 (130-167) min vs. 188 (146-231) (P=0.022)], unassisted ambulation with crutches [176 (144-208) min vs. 240 (179-302) min (P=0.014)], and voiding [208 (163-254) min vs. 293 (242-343) min (P=0.001)] than ropivacaine. Recovery of motor function required 113 (95-131) min with lidocaine and 135 (87-183) with ropivacaine (P=0.219). Six lidocaine patients reported TNS (40%) as compared with no patient receiving ropivacaine (0%) (P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinal block produced with 10 mg ropivacaine 5 mg/ml is as effective as that produced by 50 mg of lidocaine 10 mg/ml. Recovery of unassisted ambulation and spontaneous voiding occurred earlier with lidocaine, but this was associated with a markedly higher incidence of TNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zasa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baciarello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Cianni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine