title: Functional characterisation of decoy receptor 3 in Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both epithelial barrier dysfunction and apoptosis resistance of immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. The soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) acts in an anti-apoptotic manner by neutralising the death ligand CD95L. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of DcR3 in Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The epithelial fraction of human small intestinal mucosa samples was obtained by laser microdissection. Expression of DcR3 was examined by global gene expression profiling, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. DcR3 concentrations in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis assays were performed to study the effects of DcR3 in intestinal epithelial cells and lamina propria T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DcR3 is over-expressed in the epithelial layer of ileum specimens in patients with Crohn's disease, both at actively inflamed and non-active sites. DcR3 serum levels are significantly elevated in patients with active and non-active Crohn's disease as compared to healthy controls. The expression of DcR3 in intestinal epithelial cells is induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha. Increased DcR3 expression is associated with activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and results in protection of intestinal epithelial cells and lamina propria T cells from CD95L-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DcR3 may promote inflammation in Crohn's disease by inhibiting CD95L-induced apoptosis of epithelial and immune cells as well as by inducing NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Funke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Autschbach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lasitschka
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rogler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gdynia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gretz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macher-Goeppinger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sido
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schirmacher
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Meuer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b; C505911:TNFRSF6B protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha