title: Antimicrobial effect and shelf-life extension by combined thermal and pulsed electric field treatment of milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of a combined hurdle treatment of heat and pulsed electric fields (PEF) was studied on native microbiota used for the inoculation of low-fat ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk and whole raw milk. Microbiological shelf-life of the latter following hurdle treatment or thermal pasteurization was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UHT milk was preheated to 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C or 50 degrees C over a 60-s period, pulsed for 50 micros or 60 micros at a field strength of 40 kV cm(-1) or for 33 micros at 50 kV cm(-1). Heat and PEF reduced the microbial count by a maximum of 6.4 log in UHT milk (50 degrees C; 50 kV cm(-1), 33 micros) compared to 6.0 log (P > or = 0.05) obtained by thermal pasteurization (26 s, 72 degrees C). When raw milk was treated with a combination of hurdles (50 degrees C; 40 kV cm(-1), 60 micros) a 6.0 log inactivation of microbiota was achieved and microbiological milk shelf-life was extended to 21 days under refrigeration (4 degrees C) vs 14 days in thermally pasteurized milk. Native microbiota was decreased by 6.7 log following conventional pasteurization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that heat and PEF achieved similar inactivation of native microbiota in milk and longer stabilization of microbiological shelf-life than thermal pasteurization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A hurdle approach of heat and PEF could represent a valid milk processing alternative to conventional pasteurization. Hurdle treatment might also preserve native milk quality better due to less thermal exposure.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, UCD Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walkling-Ribeiro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noci
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lyng
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004560:Electricity; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors