title: Prevalence of QTc prolongation in adult Nigerians with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proposed as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and death in apparently healthy populations, patients with myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. However, data on the significance of QTc prolongation in heart failure are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adult Nigerians with heart failure and its association with arrhythmias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety consecutive patients with heart failure were recruited along with 90 age-and sex-matched controls. All the subjects had a 12-lead ECG and a rhythm strip (lead II). The latter was used to calculate the QTc using the Bazett's formula. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed using a 2D guided m-mode and Doppler echocardiogram respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 51.9 (16) years compared with 50.3 (15.2) years for the control group, p = 0.47. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (38.9 (11)% versus 72.2 (8)%), p = 0.001. The mean QTc was significantly prolonged in the patients than in the controls (0.472 (0.036) versus 0.390(0.032) respectively), p = 0.001. The prevalence of QTc prolongation was 63% in the patients against 4.4% in the controls. There was a significant association between ventricular arrhythmias and QTc prolongation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study shows that there is a high prevalence of QTc prolongation in adult Nigerians with heart failure and this may be harbinger for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. etsumanma@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kolo
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Opadijo
authors.forename: A B O
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Omotoso
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Balogun
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Araoye
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Katibi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult