title: Western diet impairs metabolic remodelling and contractile efficiency in cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic remodelling in cardiac hypertrophy is underscored by a reduction in fatty acid (FA) oxidation. We tested whether this decline in FA oxidation in the presence of enhanced FA supply may predispose the hypertrophied myocardium to lipid accumulation, functional deterioration, and eventually heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  and results Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced surgically in Sprague-Dawley rats by inter-renal aortic constriction. Rats were fed a Western diet (WD, 45% kcal from lipids) or standard diet (SD, 12% kcal from fat) for 9 weeks post-surgery. Hearts were perfused in the isovolumic mode with a physiological mixture of substrates including 5 mM 1-(13)C glucose, 1 mM 3-(13)C lactate, and 0.3 mM U-(13)C palmitate, and cardiac function was monitored. Real-time PCR was used to determine transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARalpha-regulated metabolic enzymes. Palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression were markedly reduced in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats fed SD. However, 9 weeks of WD normalized both palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression but significantly increased glucose and lactate oxidation in the hypertrophied hearts. This was accompanied by cardiac triglyceride accumulation and a decline in ventricular function despite an increase in oxygen consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight that WD-induced dysregulation of FA metabolism has deleterious functional consequences in cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akki
authors.forename: Anne-Marie L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seymour
mesh_terms: D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D004041:Dietary Fats; D047493:PPAR alpha; D014280:Triglycerides; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose