title: Spindle assembly defects leading to the formation of a monopolar mitotic apparatus.
abstract: Mitotic spindle formation in animal cells involves microtubule nucleation from two centrosomes that are positioned at opposite sides of the nucleus. Microtubules are captured by the kinetochores and stabilized. In addition, microtubules can be nucleated independently of the centrosome and stabilized by a gradient of Ran-GTP, surrounding the mitotic chromatin. Complex regulation ensures the formation of a bipolar apparatus, involving motor proteins and controlled polymerization and depolymerization of microtubule ends. The bipolar apparatus is, in turn, responsible for faithful chromosome segregation. During recent years, a variety of experiments has indicated that defects in specific motor proteins, centrosome proteins, kinases and other proteins can induce the assembly of aberrant spindles with a monopolar morphology or with poorly separated poles. Induction of monopolar spindles may be a useful strategy for cancer therapy, since ensuing aberrant mitotic exit will usually lead to cell death. In this review, we will discuss the various underlying molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for monopolar spindle formation.
authors.affiliation: CNRS-Pierre Fabre, UMR 2587, 3 rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tillement
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raynaud-Messina
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzolini
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haren
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merdes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D008870:Microtubules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins