title: A novel group of rhinoviruses is associated with asthma hospitalizations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although recent studies have identified new group C human rhinoviruses (HRVCs), their spectrum of pediatric disease is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the presentation and burden of disease caused by HRVCs among young hospitalized children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted prospective population-based surveillance in 2 US counties among children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute respiratory illness or fever from October 2001 through September 2003. Nasal/throat swabs were obtained and tested for HRVs, as determined by means of RT-PCR and then characterized by means of partial sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1052 children enrolled and tested during the 2-year period, 167 (16%) had HRVs detected. Of 147 samples successfully sequenced, 64 were group A HRVs, 6 were group B HRVs, and 77 were HRVCs. Children with HRVCs were significantly more likely than those with group A HRVs to have underlying high-risk conditions, such as asthma (42% vs 23%, P = .023) and to have had a discharge diagnosis of asthma (55% vs 36%, P = .022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, HRVCs were detected in 7% of children hospitalized for fever or respiratory conditions and constituted almost half of all rhinovirus-associated hospitalizations, suggesting that this novel group causes a substantial burden of pediatric disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-9500, USA. eva.k.miller@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: E Kathryn
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Marika K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Iwane
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.forename: Laura-Lee
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Luke H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification