title: Ski co-repressor complexes maintain the basal repressed state of the TGF-beta target gene, SMAD7, via HDAC3 and PRMT5.
abstract: The products encoded by ski and its related gene, sno, (Ski and Sno) act as transcriptional co-repressors and interact with other co-repressors such as N-CoR/SMRT and mSin3A. Ski and Sno mediate transcriptional repression by various repressors, including Mad, Rb and Gli3. Ski/Sno also suppress transcription induced by multiple activators, such as Smads and c-Myb. In particular, the inhibition of TGF-beta-induced transcription by binding to Smads is correlated with the oncogenic activity of Ski and Sno. However, the molecular mechanism by which Ski and Sno mediate transcriptional repression remains unknown. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of Ski complexes. The Ski complexes purified from HeLa cells contained histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), in addition to multiple Smad proteins (Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that these components of the Ski complexes were localized on the SMAD7 gene promoter, which is the TGF-beta target gene, in TGF-beta-untreated HepG2 cells. Knockdown of these components using siRNA led to up-regulation of SMAD7 mRNA. These results indicate that Ski complexes serve to maintain a TGF-beta-responsive promoter at a repressed basal level via the activities of histone deacetylase and histone arginine methyltransferase.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokura
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ten Dijke
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051906:Smad7 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C501384:MAD1L1 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; C497806:SMAD7 protein, human; C060614:SKI protein, human; C400529:PRMT5 protein, human