title: Radioguided surgery in brain tumors with thallium-201.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant astrocytomas show thallium uptake with a high target-to-background ratio, allowing the use of radioguided surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 6 patients (3 men) diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma. All patients signed informed consent documents. Previous thallium-201 SPECT was performed, showing uptake in tumors. In the operating room we injected 37 MBq (1 mCi) of thallium-201 at the same time the craniotomy was performed. With the gamma probe we confirmed the tumor uptake, and a biopsy sample was taken. After conventional tumor resection, we scanned the surgical bed with the gamma probe. All areas of abnormal uptake were evaluated by the surgeon and, if possible, removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients the biopsy confirmed a high-grade astrocytoma. In all cases we found residual uptake in the surgical bed that was confirmed as residual tumor by pathologic examination. In 3 cases it was not possible to remove all the sites of pathologic uptake because critical areas were involved. In the other 3 patients, only background activity was found after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radioguided surgery in brain tumors with thallium-201 is a complex technique and expertise in radioguided surgery and neuroimaging is needed, but we think that it is promising.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Neurosurgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Badajoz, Spain. titoserrano@gmail.com
authors.forename: Justo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Juan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rayo
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Bernardo
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández Portales
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cabezudo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes