title: Ion release from casts of commercially pure titanium in mixed solutions of organic acids contained in human saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the ion release from titanium casts in solutions of mixed organic acids and to reconsider the possibility of allergic reactions to titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cast specimens were made from commercially pure titanium. For the immersion solutions, we prepared two types of organic acid solutions, one mixed with organic acids contained in whole stimulated saliva at two different dilutions, and the other, a lactic acid solution. Following immersion, the amounts of dissolved titanium ions, weight loss of the casts, and micrographs of the specimen surfaces were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly larger amounts of dissolved titanium ions in the mixed organic acid solutions than in the lactic acid solution. There was also a significant difference in the weight loss values between the immersion solutions (p < 0.0001), but the significance level was different from that of the difference in the quantity of ion elution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that a much larger quantity of ions is released from titanium casts attached in the oral cavity than has been reported previously, and that it is necessary to consider the possibility of allergic reactions to titanium casts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurogi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terano
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva; D012996:Solutions; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D014025:Titanium