title: Pathological changes in accessory sex organs of rams following experimental infection with Actinobacillus seminis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and assess the susceptibility, lesions and route of dissemination in the accessory sex organs of young rams experimentally infected with Actinobacillus seminis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The accessory sex organs were obtained from 64 young rams. The test rams (n=52) were infected by instillation, drenching or injection of 2.3 x 10(9) cells/ml A. seminis organisms via nine different routes: intra-epididymal (1 ml), I/V (3 ml), intra-urethral (3 ml), intra-preputial (3 ml), ductus deferens (1 ml), I/M (3 ml), oral (10 ml), intranasal (3 ml), and intra-conjunctival (3 drops). All test rams were necropsied 1-44 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Control rams (n=12) were necropsied at 1-46 days p.i. Accessory sex organs were cultured for A. seminis, and thin tissue sections were collected and examined for histopathological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vesicular adenitis was the most frequent lesion (21/52; 40%), followed by ampullitis, deferentitis, urethritis and bulbo-urethral adenitis (20/52 (38%), 16/52 (31%), 12/52 (23%), and 8/52 (15%), respectively). The prostate and prepuce were the least affected, and lesions occurred equally at 4% (2/52). Actinobacillus seminis was isolated from the accessory sex organs of 10 (19%) rams: from the vesicular glands (n=6), ductus deferens (n=3), ampullae (n=1), and prepuce (n=3). No lesions were seen in rams inoculated via the nasal and conjunctival routes. The pattern of involvement of both ascending and descending A. seminis infection of the genital tract is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Involvement of the accessory sex organ of rams following all but the intranasal and intra-conjunctival routes of the nine routes of experimental inoculation tested helped to clarify the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of ovine genital actinobacillosis.
authors.affiliation: London Regional Cancer Program, London ON, Canada. waleed.alkatib@lhsc.on.ca
authors.forename: Wa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al-Katib
authors.forename: Sm
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044133:Actinobacillus seminis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004822:Epididymis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology