title: Health disparities and social determinants of health among African-American women undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
abstract: This review of minority health describes the existing health disparities, the barriers to healthcare access and utilization, the role of three social determinants of health [i.e., (1) socioeconomic status, (2) education, and (3) stress and/or depression], the existing public-policies; and a health literacy strategy addressing social determinants of health to reduce disparities and improve outcomes in African-American women undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Insurance, geography, facility-types, physician referral-bias, and cultural-differences pose as potential significant barriers to healthcare access and utilization. Likewise, lower socioeconomic-status, lack of education, and higher stress and/or depression is associated with adverse health-outcomes for this population. Although the elimination of health disparities is a national priority, comprehensive educational approaches focusing on cross-cultural communication, language barriers, cultural-sensitivity, and cultural-competence are needed.
authors.affiliation: The University of North Carolina, Charlotte, College of Health and Human Services, Room# 433, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA. skamble@uncc.edu
authors.forename: Shital
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamble
authors.forename: A Suzanne
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011287:Prejudice; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology; D017749:Total Quality Management; D014481:United States; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology