title: Amitriptyline attenuates interstitial inflammation and ameliorates the progression of renal fibrosis.
abstract: Amitriptyline is a pleiotropic tricyclic antidepressant, which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We tested whether amitriptyline might be useful in the treatment of chronic renal disease using the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Amitriptyline caused a significant reduction of interstitial fibrosis, determined by Masson's staining, with minimal myofibroblast formation and macrophage infiltration following ureteral obstruction. Using quantitative PCR we found that this treatment significantly reduced the expression of key molecular markers of progressive tubulointerstitial injury such as osteopontin, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and TGF-beta1 compared to their level in a saline-treated control group. Sublethal X-irradiation or mycophenolate mofetil, treatments that reduce inflammation, were comparable to amitriptyline in the reduction of interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. These studies in animals suggest that amitriptyline is worth testing as a therapeutic agent that might preserve renal function by blocking inflammation and renal fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Achar
authors.forename: Thiago T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Collares
authors.forename: Vicente P C
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015415:Biomarkers; D002465:Cell Movement; D018450:Disease Progression; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000639:Amitriptyline