Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004).
This cross-sectional study examined the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adults with CVDs using data from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Serum 25(OH)D levels were divided into 3 categories (> or =30, 20 to 29, and <20 ng/ml), and hypovitaminosis D was defined as vitamin D <30 ng/ml. Of 8,351 adults who had 25(OH)D measured, mean 25(OH)D was 24.3 ng/ml, and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 74%. The burden of CVDs increased with lower 25(OH)D categories, with 5.3%, 6.7%, and 7.3% coronary heart disease; 1.5%, 2.4%, and 3.2% heart failure; 2.5%, 2.0%, and 3.2% stroke; and 3.6%, 5.0%, and 7.7% peripheral arterial disease. Across all CVDs, hypovitaminosis D was more common in blacks than Hispanics or whites. Compared with persons at low risk for CVDs (68%), it was more prevalent in those at high risk (75%; odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.67), with coronary heart disease (77%; OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.91), and both coronary heart disease and heart failure (89%; OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.58 to 7.84) after controlling for age, race, and gender. In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D was highly prevalent in US adults with CVDs, particularly those with both coronary heart disease and heart failure.
Kim
Dae Hyun
DH
Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sabour
Siamak
S
Sagar
Utpal N
UN
Adams
Suzanne
S
Whellan
David J
DJ
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein