title: Detection of agonistic activities against five human nuclear receptors in river environments of Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay.
abstract: A total of 16 water samples from four rivers in Japan were examined for their agonistic activities against five human nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] alpha, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor [RAR] alpha, retinoid X receptor alpha, and vitamin D receptor) by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The results suggest that the river environment is contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interact with a variety of nuclear receptors and that contamination with those that have RAR agonistic activity may be more serious than contamination with well-known EDCs that act as ER agonists.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakama
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sei
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ike
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical