title: [Accessory mitral valve: report of four cases and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the echocardiographic and clinical findings of patients with accessory mitral valve (AMV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four adult patients were diagnosed to have AMV by Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the four patients had cardiac murmur but 2 were asymptomatic. Echocardiogram showed that two cases had isolated AMV with significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Another patient was complicated by idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and his systolic pressure gradient across the LVOT reduced to normal after taking negative inotropic drugs. The fourth patient was associated with complex congenital cardiac anomalies but without LVOT obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMV may not be very rare as previously reported. An echocardiographic examination can detect AMV and differentiate it from other causes of LVOT obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. shizhongwei1952@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zhong-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging