title: Lack of insight may predict impaired decision making in manic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The tendency to engage in risky behaviours is a core feature of the manic episodes of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to establish whether this characteristic can be quantified with a laboratory measure of decision making [the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)] and to determine clinical correlates of the IGT performance in mania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatients with acute mania (n = 45) and healthy volunteers (n = 45) were assessed on the IGT. Affective symptomatology was assessed with the Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and item scores were subjected to factor analysis. Multivariate regression was used to assess clinical predictors of impaired decision making in the manic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the IGT, manic patients selected more cards from the risky decks than healthy controls, and showed little capacity to learn from incurred losses. In a multivariate analysis, impaired decision making ability in the manic patients was significantly predicted by a symptom factor associated with lack of insight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manic patients clearly show defects in decision making, which are strongly related to their lack of insight. Neural circuitry supporting effective decision making, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex, may be implicated in the pathophysiology of acute mania.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR131, Equipe Imagerie Cérébrale en Psychiatrie, University Department of Psychiatry, Solaris, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France. adida.marc@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adida
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pomietto
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaladjian
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besnier
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.forename: Régine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeanningros
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult