title: First description of parathyroid disease in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A syndrome.
abstract: Hyperparathyroidism and/or parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and pheochromocytomas compose the hallmarks of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) syndrome. Revisiting a report in 1939 of a patient with hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hyperplasia led to a search for evidence of MEN 2A. From medical records and discussion with family members, longitudinal follow-up of the patient and her descendants was obtained. Molecular diagnostics were integrated in the care of subsequent generations. The literature on hyperparathyroidism and MEN 2A was reviewed. Children of the proband exhibited all components of MEN 2A and the RET mutation of 634 TGC>CGC. The pedigree was typical for this mutation. Papers on anthropologic studies demonstrate skeletal evidence of hyperparathyroidism in humans centuries ago. The initial report of the proband preceded the publications defining both MTC and MEN 2A. The values of in-depth family histories and genetic analyses are exemplified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, UH B1 G505D, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0028, USA. jsisson@umich.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sisson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010375:Pedigree