title: A tracking and feedback registry to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black and Hispanic women with early-stage breast cancer are more likely than white women to experience fragmented care and less likely to see medical oncologists to get effective adjuvant treatment. We implemented a tracking and feedback registry to close the referral loop between surgeons and oncologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared completed oncology consultations and use of adjuvant treatment among a group of 639 women with newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer who had undergone surgery at one of six New York City hospitals from 1999 to 2000 with the same outcomes for a different group of 300 women with breast cancer whose surgeries occurred in 2004-2006, after the implementation of the tracking registry. Underuse of adjuvant treatment was defined as no radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, no chemotherapy for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, or no hormonal therapy for ER-positive tumors 1 cm or larger. We used hierarchical modeling to adjust for clustering within hospital and surgeon practice. Odds ratios were converted to adjusted relative risks (aRRs). All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implementation of the tracking and feedback registry was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in oncology consultations (83% before vs 97% after the intervention; difference = 14%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11% to 18%; P < .001) and decrease in underuse of adjuvant treatment (23% before vs 14% after the intervention; difference = -9%, 95% CI = -12% to -6%; P < .001). Underuse declined from 34% to 14% among black women, from 23% to 13% among Hispanic women, and from 17% to 14% among white women (chi-square of change in underuse from before to after among the three racial groups; P = .001). In multivariable models adjusting for clustering by hospital and surgeon, the intervention was associated with increased rates of oncology consultation (aRR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3 to 1.8), and reduced underuse of adjuvant treatment (aRR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.6 to 0.9). Compared with the preintervention findings, minority race was no longer a risk factor for low rates of oncology consultation (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7 to 1.3) or for underuse of adjuvant therapy (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A tracking and feedback registry that enhances completed oncology consultations between surgeons and oncologists also appears to reduce rates of adjuvant treatment underuse and to eliminate the racial disparity in treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. nina.bickell@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Nina A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bickell
authors.forename: Kruti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.forename: Kezhen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Soji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oluwole
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiotis
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Amber A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Guth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*