title: Spitzoid melanoma in children: clinicopathological study and application of immunohistochemistry as an adjunct diagnostic tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The term spitzoid melanoma (SM) is reserved for a rare group of tumors with striking resemblance to Spitz nevus, often developing in children diagnosed in retrospect after the development of metastases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the biological significance of SM and to analyze the effectiveness of adjuvant diagnostic techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational study of 38 cases of SM in patients younger than 18 years. Histological type, Clark level and Breslow thickness, radial and vertical growth phase, mitotic count/mm(2), ulceration, regression, vascular and perineural invasion, satellitosis, cytology and associated nevi were reviewed. An immunohistochemical analysis with HMB45 and Ki67 was performed in 10 cases. These features were correlated to patient's stage and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of histological and immunohistochemical features should allow accurate diagnosis in most cases. Given the low mortality rate, no conclusions about the prognostic significance of histological parameters of the primary tumor could be established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the largest series of SM from a unique center. Although these patients may have a better prognosis than adults, some patients with SM develop metastasis and die, particularly after age 11 years. Therefore, we recommend using the same treatments as in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Sabela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paradela
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pita
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kantrow
authors.forename: Viktor N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Goncharuk
authors.forename: Hafeez
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Diwan
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Prieto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen