title: Secondary surgical procedures after endovascular stent grafting of the thoracic aorta: successful approaches to a challenging clinical problem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of open surgical repair for complications after endovascular thoracic aorta stenting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 patients (8 male, mean age 59.8 +/- 14.8 years) underwent conventional surgical therapy at our institution over a 5-year period after previous thoracic aortic stent implantation. The indications for surgery, intraoperative strategy, and perioperative and follow-up results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indication for stent implantation was type B aortic dissection in 10 patients, expanding degenerative thoracic aneurysm in 3 patients, and pseudoaneurysm in 1 patient. The median interval to conventional surgery after stent implantation was 4.5 months (range 0.1-49 months). The indication for surgery was persistent type I endoleak with progressive aneurysm enlargement in 7 patients, aortoesophageal fistula in 2 patients, retrograde type A dissection in 2 patients, infection of the endoprosthesis in 2 patients, and aortic valve insufficiency caused by perforation of noncoronary and right coronary cusps in 1 patient. The endograft had to be removed in 9 (64%) patients, and 5 (36%) patients required replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta. In-hospital mortality was 7% (1 patient). No patients had a postoperative stroke or paraparesis. Eleven (79%) patients are alive after a mean follow-up of 13.5 +/- 10.1 months (range 1-36 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary surgical procedures after stenting of the thoracic aorta can be performed with very good results, despite the challenging clinical scenarios. Identification of successful surgical strategies for this difficult clinical problem is important in the era of increasing endovascular therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany. evagird@centras.lt
authors.forename: Evaldas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girdauskas
authors.forename: Volkmar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuntze
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Borger
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinert
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000601:surgery; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods