title: Molecular and cytogenetic insights into the pathogenesis, classification, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of renal epithelial neoplasms.
abstract: Renal cell carcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biologic potential and variable clinical outcomes. The application of molecular and cytogenetic techniques to the study of renal neoplasms has improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Molecular classification of renal cell carcinomas has also provided new avenues for diagnosis, clinical outcome, and therapy response prediction. In this article, we review the molecular markers for various renal epithelial neoplasms and discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of these neoplasms. We also evaluate the use of molecular and cytogenetic techniques in establishing an accurate diagnosis in difficult cases and their potential usefulness in accurately classifying renal neoplasms, assessing prognosis, and selecting appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. liang_cheng@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008967:Molecular Biology; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis