title: Elevated systemic IL-18 and neopterin levels are associated with posttraumatic complications among patients with multiple injuries: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and their subsequent complication, the multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), remain major complications following polytrauma. This prospective clinical study aimed at evaluating the association between these and plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) and neopterin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inclusion in the series required an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16, age 16-65 years, admission within 6 h of the accident and survival >48 h; 55 patients were enrolled. Over 14 days, plasma neopterin and IL-18 levels and the clinical course regarding MODS, SIRS and sepsis were recorded daily using the Marshall Score for MODS and the ACCP/SCCM criteria for SIRS and sepsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neopterin and IL-18 plasma levels were increased in +MODS cases as compared with -MODS cases over almost the entire observation period. IL-18 concentrations over days 3-6 were significantly increased among participants with sepsis. These increases were all apparent 2-3 days before the clinical diagnosis of sepsis or MODS was made. In contrast, no significant differences in neopterin and IL-18 plasma levels were observed between participants with and without SIRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determinations of neopterin and IL-18 concentrations might represent early markers for posttraumatic complications such as MODS and sepsis. They might help to differentiate between SIRS and sepsis and thereby guide the timing of the surgery for polytrauma. Neopterin and IL-18 levels should be used together with the clinical status and other inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, etc.) for prediction of posttraumatic complications.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany. mommsen.philipp@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mommsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frink
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Griensven
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaulke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D019798:Neopterin