title: Bladder cancer develops 6 years earlier in current smokers: analysis of bladder cancer registry data collected by the cancer registration committee of the Japanese Urological Association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is generally recognized that cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationships between smoking history of bladder cancer patients and the age of onset of bladder cancer and tumor characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study examined the data for 5959 cases (4728 males and 1231 females) collected in the bladder cancer database of the Japanese Urological Association from 1999 to 2001. Patients were divided by smoking history into three categories as current non-smokers, current smokers and unknown smoking history. Relationship between smoking history and the age at diagnosis of bladder cancer, gender, T stage, grade, tumor size, tumor number and initial symptoms was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both males and females the onset of bladder cancer is about 6 years (6.1 years in males and 5.9 years in females) earlier for current smokers than for current non-smokers. At the time of diagnosis, tumor stage was significantly higher in the current smokers group. The current smokers group tended to have larger tumor size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of 6-year-earlier onset of bladder cancer among current smokers is of great importance to both health care and medical economics. It is essential to make people better informed concerning the need to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Andrology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinotsu
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Eijiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014572:Urology