title: A preliminary report of the dopamine receptor D(4) and the dopamine transporter 1 gene polymorphism and its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood-onset psychiatric syndromes affecting 5%-10% of school-age children worldwide. Distortions in the catecholaminergic system seem to be responsible for this condition. Within this system there are several candidate genes, the dopamine receptor D(4) (DRD4) and the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1), with common polymorphism which might be associated with ADHD. We performed a family based association study with 36 trios and 19 parent proband pairs. All diagnoses were confirmed by the "Hypescheme" diagnostic computer program. In this study we did not observe an association of ADHD with DRD4 and DAT1 polymorphism neither by the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method nor by the transmission disequilibrium test (TdT) method. The odds ratio for the DRD4 7-allele was 1.01 and 0.94 for both statistical tests, respectively, and the respective odds ratio for the DAT1 6-allele were 0.91 and 0.88.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Regionale di Bolzano, Via Guncina Bolzano, 54/A, I - 39100 Bolzano, Italia. helmutniederhofer@yahoo.de
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niederhofer
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Maria Hildegard
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pycha
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Menzel