title: Cardioprotection by postconditioning is lost in WOKW rats with metabolic syndrome: role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postconditioning by repetitive I/R cycles immediately after onset of reperfusion protects the heart. Metabolic disorders undermine the protection of preconditioning. The present study tested whether postconditioning protects hearts from rats with established metabolic syndrome [Wistar-Ottawa-Karlsburg W rats (WOKW)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 28 weeks of age, WOKW rats were much heavier than DA (Dark Agouti) and Wistar control rats and showed the pattern of the metabolic syndrome. Postconditioning was performed by 3 30-second cycles of reperfusion/ischemia immediately after the regional ischemia (30 minutes). Infarct size was comparable in all control hearts from DA, Wistar, and WOKW rats (58 +/- 2%, 49 +/- 3%; 49 +/- 2%, respectively). Postconditioning significantly reduced the infarct size in DA rats (39 +/- 5%) and Wistar rats (29 +/- 3%). In WOKW rats, the infarct sparing effect of postconditioning was lost (43 +/- 4%).GSK-3beta and Erk are involved in the signaling of postconditioning. Therefore, the phosphorylation of these proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Postconditioning significantly increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta in DA and Wistar rats (1.6-fold in DA rats, 2.3-fold in Wistar rats, P < 0.05) but failed to do so in WOKW rats. Similarly, a trend for an increased phosphorylation of Erk was found in DA rats but not in WOKW rats. Thus the inefficacy of postconditioning in reducing infarct size in rats with metabolic syndrome is paralleled by a lack of phosphorylation of GSK-3beta and Erk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolic syndrome, as shown in this animal model, completely abrogates the postconditioning. This blockade involves the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta. Further studies have to evaluate whether this block of postconditioning makes patients with a metabolic syndrome more susceptible to myocardial damage after infarction.
authors.affiliation: University of Technology Dresden, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, and Intensive Care, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kloeting
authors.forename: Ruth H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weinbrenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3