title: Effects of protein source, vitamin E and phenazine ethosulfate on developmental competence and quality of porcine embryos cultured in vitro.
abstract: Effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), with or without vitamin E (vit. E) or phenazine ethosulfate (PES) supplementation on developmental competence and quality of cultured porcine embryos were examined. The experiment was done on zygotes and 2-cell embryos obtained from superovulated gilts. Morphologically normal zygotes were cultured in vitro in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with: experiment 1-0.004 g/ml BSA, 10% FCS, protein-free (control); experiment 2-0 (control), 25, 50 or 100 microM vit. E; experiment 3-0 (control), 0.025, 0.05 or 0.075 microM PES. Embryo quality criteria were developmental competence (cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates), total cell number per blastocyst and degree of apoptosis as assessed by TUNEL staining. Presence of BSA in culture medium increased significantly morula and blastocysts production as compared to FCS (P < 0.001) and protein-free group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The blastocysts cultured in protein-free medium had higher average number of apoptotic nuclei and DNA fragmented nucleus index as compared to the BSA (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and FCS (P < 0.5) group. Supplementation in culture medium of 100 microM vit. E increased blastocyst production as compared to control and 50 microM vit-E (P < 0.05). Both the number of cells per and percentage of TUNEL positive nuclei per blastocyst were slightly lower in PES treated than control groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice/Kraków, Poland. bgajda@izoo.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryła
authors.forename: Zdzisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Smorag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010619:Phenazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000196:embryology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010619:Phenazines; C028122:5-ethylphenazine; D014810:Vitamin E; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine