title: Virtopsy -- noninvasive detection of occult bone lesions in postmortem MRI: additional information for traffic accident reconstruction.
abstract: In traffic accidents with pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists, patterned impact injuries as well as marks on clothes can be matched to the injury-causing vehicle structure in order to reconstruct the accident and identify the vehicle which has hit the person. Therefore, the differentiation of the primary impact injuries from other injuries is of great importance. Impact injuries can be identified on the external injuries of the skin, the injured subcutaneous and fat tissue, as well as the fractured bones. Another sign of impact is a bone bruise. The bone bruise, or occult bone lesion, means a bleeding in the subcortical bone marrow, which is presumed to be the result of micro-fractures of the medullar trabeculae. The aim of this study was to prove that bleeding in the subcortical bone marrow of the deceased can be detected using the postmortem noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. This is demonstrated in five accident cases, four involving pedestrians and one a cyclist, where bone bruises were detected in different bones as a sign of impact occurring in the same location as the external and soft tissue impact injuries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ursula.buck@irm.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christe
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naether
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thali
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D001344:Autopsy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003288:Contusions / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000473:pathology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed