title: Musculoskeletal symptoms and perceived work strain among reindeer herders in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a shortage of knowledge on the extent of musculoskeletal symptoms in reindeer husbandry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and relative risk for musculoskeletal symptoms and perceived psychosocial work strain among reindeer herders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms during the last week and last year, respectively, were obtained from male reindeer herders (n=74) of northern Sweden. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using two reference groups-women of reindeer-herding families (n=53) and men in blue-collar occupations (n=194). Comparisons were made of perceived job strain between the study and reference groups. Associations between job strain factors and the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms from different body regions were analysed with regression statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRs for musculoskeletal symptoms from the hand/wrist (PR 3.48, 95% CI 1.86-6.50) and lower back (PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.95) were significantly higher among the reindeer herders in comparison with men working with other blue-collar occupations. The reindeer herders reported significantly higher work demands and decision latitude compared with both reference groups (P<0.05). Significant associations were observed between demands and prevalence of symptoms from the lower back (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-2.01) and from at least one body region (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07-2.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative risk for musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly from the hands/wrists and lower back, was high among reindeer herders. It is suggested that musculoskeletal symptoms constitute a considerable health problem in modern reindeer husbandry, which calls for implementation of preventive measures addressing psychosocial, physical and socio-economic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Umeå, Sweden. per.sjolander@vilhelmina.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sjölander
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daerga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edin-Liljegren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012053:Reindeer; D012306:Risk; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology