title: Self-expanding nanoplatinum-coated nitinol devices for atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus closure: a swine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate self-expanding nanoplatinum-coated nitinol devices for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus in a swine model. The devices were braided from platinum-activated nitinol wires and filled with polyester to enhance thrombogenicity. The platinum activation of the nitinol wires was carried out with the help of Nanofusion technology. The coating of platinum covers the exposed surface of the nitinol wires and prevents the release of nickel into the blood stream after the implantation of the device but does not affect its shape memory, which makes the device self-expanding after it is loaded from the catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial septal defects were created in 12 piglets by balloon dilation of the patent foramen ovale. The size of the device was selected on the basis of the diameter of the balloon and the size of the defect, measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The devices were successfully deployed in all 12 piglets under fluoroscopic study. Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiograms showed complete closure of the atrial septal defect within 15 minutes of device implantation. Twelve patent ductus arteriosus closure devices were deployed in the right or left subclavian arteries in 10 piglets. Angiograms showed complete occlusion of the subclavian arteries within a few minutes of device deployment. In the atrial septal defect cases, the autopsy findings showed complete organizing fibrin thrombus formation and complete neo-endothelialization on the outer surface of the devices within one week and six weeks of implantation, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of self-expanding nanoplatinum-coated nitinol devices for the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus is feasible. The excellent occlusion result and complete neo-endothelialization of the devices in the swine model is an indication of the potential of these devices in human application.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. lpornthep@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pornthep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lertsapcharoen
authors.forename: Apichai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khongphatthanayothin
authors.forename: Vidhavas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: La-orkhun
authors.forename: Pentip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Supachokchaiwattana
authors.forename: Phingphol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charoonrut
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol