title: A novel interdisciplinary analgesic program reduces pain and improves function in older adults after orthopedic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a multicomponent intervention on pain and function after orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled prospective propensity score-matched clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York City acute rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-nine patients admitted to rehabilitation after hip fracture repair (n=51) or hip (n=64) or knee (n=134) arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain assessment at rest and with physical therapy (PT) by staff using numeric rating scales (1 to 5). Physician protocols for standing analgesia and preemptive analgesia before PT were implemented on the intervention unit. Control unit patients received usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain, analgesic prescribing, gait speed, transfer time, and percentage of PT sessions completed during admission. Pain and difficulty walking at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariable analyses intervention patients were significantly more likely than controls to report no or mild pain at rest (66% vs 49%, P=.004) and with PT (52% vs 38%, P=.02) on average for the first 7 days of rehabilitation, had faster 8-foot-walk times on Days 4 (9.3 seconds vs 13.2 seconds, P=.02) and 7 (6.9 vs 9.2 seconds, P=.02), received more analgesia (23.6 vs 15.6 mg of morphine sulfate equivalents per day, P<.001), were more likely to receive standing orders for analgesia (98% vs 48%, P<.001), and had significantly shorter lengths of stay (10.1 vs 11.3 days, P=.005). At 6 months, intervention patients were less likely than controls to report moderate to severe pain with walking (4% vs 15%, P=.02) and that pain did not interfere with walking (7% vs 18%, P=.004) and were less likely to be taking analgesics (35% vs 51%, P=.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention improved postoperative pain, reduced chronic pain, and improved function.
authors.affiliation: Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029, USA. sean.morrison@mssm.edu
authors.forename: R Sean
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischberg
authors.forename: Alexie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cintron
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics