title: Progressive damage along the optic nerve following induction of crush injury or rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the histological changes that occur in response to induction of ischemic or mechanical optic nerve damage in transgenic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Either optic nerve crush injury or rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) were induced in the right eye of mice transgenic for the Thy1 gene promoter expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP; n=40) and mice transgenic for the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) gene promoter expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP; n=40). The left eye served as a control. The mice were euthanized at different times after injury. Eyes were enucleated, and the brain together with the optic nerves was completely dissected. Cryopreserved sections of both optic nerves were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, flat-mounted retinas from the Thy1-CFP mice were analyzed for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axonal loss was detected in the right eye of the Thy1-CFP mice, and demyelination was detected in the CNPase-GFP mice. Both processes occurred simultaneously in the two models of injury. The damage proceeded retrogradely and, in the crush-injury group, crossed the chiasm within 4 days. At 21 days after injury, RGC loss measured 70% in the crush-injury group and 25% in the rAION group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axonal injury and demyelination along the optic nerves occur simultaneously in transgenic mice exposed to ischemic or crush injury. The degree of RGC loss reflects the severity of the injury. Loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin apparently leads to axonal loss. Transgenic mice offer a promising model for exploring the damage caused by optic nerve injury. Use of fluorescence labeling makes it possible to better understand the underlying pathophysiology, which can help researchers formulate neuroprotective agents.
authors.affiliation: The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dratviman-Storobinsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanreisoglu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Offen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barhum
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldenberg-Cohen
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000473:pathology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000473:pathology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C485182:Cyan Fluorescent Protein; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases