title: The indoor air pollutant 2-ethyl-hexanol activates CD4 cells.
abstract: It has been reported that the numbers of people suffering from occupational asthma and skin rashes triggered by various chemicals in indoor air have increased markedly. Two-ethyl-hexanol (2-EH) is known to be an indoor air pollutant and its influence on health is of great concern. However, there are only a few reports regarding its effect on immune cells. Thus, we investigated the effects of 2-EH on immune responses in vitro with respect to effects on regulation of transcription factors as well as on 2-EH induced proliferation of spleen cells in vitro. The production of interleukin (IL)-6 and immunoglobulin were not induced by 2-EH. To characterize the effector cells of 2-EH, we prepared CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). IL-2 was induced by 2-EH in CD4 cells, but not in CD8 cells. CD3-induced IL-2 expression was enhanced by 2-EH in CD4 cells, but not in CD8 cells. Moreover, IL-6 production was not induced by 2-EH in PEC. Nuclear factor-kappa B, nuclear factor of activated T, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 were activated by 2-EH in CD4 cells. Taken together, 2-EH activated CD4 cells, where this was accompanied by the activation of transcription factors. This suggested that the indoor pollutant 2-EH could function as a modulator of immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. freude@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Jiqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishidao
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagita
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fueta
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kunugita
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Uki
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D000441:Hexanols / Q000633:toxicity*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000633:toxicity*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D000441:Hexanols; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D010968:Plasticizers; C034017:2-ethylhexanol