title: High-temperature thermal destruction of poultry derived wastes for energy recovery in Australia.
abstract: The high-temperature thermal destruction of poultry derived wastes (e.g., manure and bedding) for energy recovery is viable in Australia when considering resource availability and equivalent commercial-scale experience in the UK. In this work, we identified and examined the opportunities and risks associated with common thermal destruction techniques, including: volume of waste, costs, technological risks and environmental impacts. Typical poultry waste streams were characterised based on compositional analysis, thermodynamic equilibrium modelling and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Poultry waste is highly variable but otherwise comparable with other biomass fuels. The major technical and operating challenges are associated with this variability in terms of: moisture content, presence of inorganic species and type of litter. This variability is subject to a range of parameters including: type and age of bird, and geographical and seasonal inconsistencies. There are environmental and health considerations associated with combustion and gasification due to the formation of: NO(X), SO(X), H(2)S and HCl gas. Mitigation of these emissions is achievable through correct plant design and operation, however, with significant economic penalty. Based on our analysis and literature data, we present cost estimates for generic poultry-waste-fired power plants with throughputs of 2 and 8 tonnes/h.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Florin
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Maddocks
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D004560:Electricity; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D004777:Environment; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008372:Manure; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011200:Poultry; D011210:Power Plants / Q000191:economics; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D014866:Waste Products