title: Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition by cyclosporin A prevents pyrazole plus lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice.
abstract: Previous results showed that pyrazole potentiates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. Mechanisms involved the overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), oxidative stress, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The current study was carried out to test the hypothesis that the mitochondria permeability transition (MPT) plays a role in this pyrazole plus LPS toxicity. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with pyrazole for 2 days, followed by a challenge with LPS with or without treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of the MPT. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased by pyrazole plus LPS treatment, and CsA treatment could attenuate these increases. CsA also prevented pyrazole plus LPS-induced hepatocyte necrosis. Formation of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts and 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts in liver tissue was increased by the pyrazole plus LPS treatment, and CsA treatment blunted these increases. Swelling, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, and lipid peroxidation were increased in mitochondria isolated from the pyrazole plus LPS-treated mice, and CsA treatment prevented these changes. CsA did not prevent the increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), pp38 MAPK, and p-JNK2. In conclusion, although CsA does not prevent elevations in upstream mediators of the pyrazole plus LPS toxicity (iNOS, TNF-alpha, CYP2E1, MAPK), it does protect mice from the pyrazole plus LPS-induced liver toxicity by preventing the MPT and release of cytochrome c and decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results indicate that mitochondria are the critical targets of pyrazole plus LPS in mediating liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. zhugejian@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuge
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cederbaum
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011720:Pyrazoles; C031280:pyrazole; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases