title: Factors predicting reduced antidepressant response: experience with the SNRI duloxetine in patients with major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify putative demographic and clinical variables that correlate with antidepressant response to the SNRI duloxetine in major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of 130 candidate treatment outcome predictors was examined on 3 dependent treatment outcome measures related to depression: 1) depression symptom outcome measured by HAMD-17 total and HAMD-17 percent change from baseline to endpoint, 2) remission (HAMD-17 < or = 7 at endpoint) and response (> or = 50% reduction in HAMD-17 from baseline to endpoint) rates, and 3) time to response (days to > or = 50% reduction in HAMD-17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven variables had an overall predictive index of > or = 20% and were associated with poorer treatment outcome: HAMD-17 total, duration of current MDD episode, leaden paralysis, fatigue, HAMA total, HAMA items 2 and 8, HAMD-17 anxiety/somatization subscale, anxiety-related comorbid conditions, and VAS overall pain and pain while awake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results highlight the clinical relevance of more severe and/or persistent levels of depression, psychiatric and medical comorbidity, and symptoms characteristic of atypical depression (leaden paralysis and fatigue) and confirm findings from other studies that such patients may respond less well or take longer to respond to pharmacotherapy. Consistent with previous SNRI studies, we found no significant association between age, gender, and race/ethnicity and treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. HowlandRH@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Howland
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kornstein
authors.forename: Anita H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Madhukar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Madelaine M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wohlreich
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D013876:Thiophenes; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride