title: Intra-operative liver ultrasound--a contribution to colorectal carcinoma staging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic resection of colorectal carcinoma is now a well-established surgical technique with oncology treatment outcome similar to open surgery, yet performing better in some short-term variables. The technique, however, does not allow palpation of intra-abdominal organs and the liver in particular. This prospective study aims to assess the performance of laparoscopic intra-operative ulrasonography of the liver (L-IOUS) and compare its findings with pre-operative staging data.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total 70 patients, 53 men and 17 women, who were recruited into the study, were indicated for primary laparoscopic resection for colorectal carcinoma, with laparoscopic intra-operative ulrasonographic examination of the liver (L-IOUS) being used during the initial part of the operation. Before surgery, all patients underwent abdominal and pelvic contrast CT examinations. Ultrasonographic examination of the liver was included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 14 patients L-IOUS detected a synchronous metastatic lesion of the liver as opposed to only six patients with pre-operative CT-positive findings. Furthermore, CT-positive metastases in three patients were not confirmed by L-IOUS. Several patients were diagnosed with benign lesions not disclosed during pre-operative assessment, e.g. haemangioma in 5 vs 2 patients, focal nodular hyperplasia in 3 vs 1 patient and liver cysts in 7 vs 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the presented prospective study substantiate the use of laparoscopic intra-operative ultrasound of the liver (L-IOUS) within the standard staging protocol, as this seems to appropriately supplement the results of the pre-operative staging. In cases of colorectal carcinoma the method allows highly sensitive detection of occult synchronous liver metastases that could finally alter a therapeutic strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, J.G. Mendel Oncological Centre, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic. matej.skrovina@nspnj.cz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrovina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cech
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velkoborsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czudek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kycina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bartos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adamcík
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konvicna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soumarova
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography