title: Anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment induces  behavioral disinhibition and downregulation of  serotonin receptor messenger RNA in the prefrontal  cortex and amygdala of male mice.
abstract: Nandrolone is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) that is highly abused by individuals seeking enhanced physical strength or body appearance. Supraphysiological doses of this synthetic testosterone derivative have been associated with many physical and psychiatric adverse effects, particularly episodes of impulsiveness and overt aggressive behavior. As the neural mechanisms underlying AAS-induced behavioral disinhibition are unknown, we investigated the status of serotonergic system-related transcripts in several brain areas of mice receiving prolonged nandrolone administration. Male C57BL/6J mice received 15 mg/kg of nandrolone decanoate subcutaneously once daily for 28 days, and different sets of animals were used to investigate motor-related and emotion-related behaviors or 5-HT-related messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AAS-injected mice had increased body weight, were more active and displayed anxious-like behaviors in novel environments. They exhibited reduced immobility in the forced swim test, a higher probability of being aggressive and more readily attacked opponents. AAS treatment substantially reduced mRNA levels of most investigated postsynaptic 5-HT receptors in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Interestingly,the 5-HT(1B) mRNA level was further reduced in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. There was no alteration of 5-HT system transcript levels in the midbrain. In conclusion,high doses of AAS nandrolone in male mice recapitulate the behavioral disinhibition observed in abusers. Furthermore, these high doses downregulate 5-HT receptor mRNA levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Our combined findings suggest these areas as critical sites for AAS-induced effects and a possible role for the 5-HT(1B) receptor in the observed behavioral disinhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ambar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiavegatto
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013256:Steroids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D013256:Steroids; D009277:Nandrolone