Molecular pathology of thyroid cancer: diagnostic and clinical implications.
There is now a reasonably good understanding of the key oncogenic events involved in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Many of these are characteristic of certain tumor types, and their presence conveys diagnostic and prognostic information. It is not yet clear how this information will be applied to clinical practice. Based on preclinical evidence, mutations of genes encoding certain kinases may also predict response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, although this has not yet been explored systematically in clinical trials.
Fagin
James A
JA
Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. faginj@mskcc.org
Mitsiades
Nicholas
N
D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C099282:RET protein, human; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D018631:ras Proteins