title: Replication study of candidate genes associated with type 2 diabetes based on genome-wide screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to confirm possible associations between candidate genes from genome-wide association studies and type 2 diabetes in Japanese diabetic patients and a community-based general population. A total of 11 previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the TCF7L2, CDKAL1, HHEX, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/B, SLC30A8, and KCNJ11 genes were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Candidate SNPs were genotyped in 506 type 2 diabetic patients and 402 control subjects and meta-analyzed with six previous association studies in Japanese patients. Associations with fasting plasma insulin levels were investigated in a general population sample (n = 1,963, 61 +/- 13 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our case-control subjects, susceptibility to type 2 diabetes was replicated in TCF7L2 (rs12255372), CDKAL1 (rs7756992, rs7754840), HHEX (rs7923837), IGF2BP2 (rs4402960 and rs1470579), CDKN2A/B (rs10811661), and SLC30A8 (rs13266634). In addition to these polymorphisms, meta-analysis confirmed the association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility with KCNJ11 rs5219, TCF7L2 rs7903146, and HHEX rs1111875. The TCF7L2 rs12255372 polymorphism showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.714 [1.298-2.263]). Odds ratio of other polymorphisms ranged from 1.13 to 1.41. The risk allele of CDKAL1 rs7756992 was significantly associated with lower insulin levels in type 2 diabetic patients after adjustment for other confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetes susceptibility of seven candidate genes was confirmed in Japanese. Conservation of susceptible loci for type 2 diabetes was independent of ethnic background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Research and Education, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan. tabara@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Ikki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.forename: Hideichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 / Q000235:genetics; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; D012359:tRNA Methyltransferases; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; D012359:tRNA Methyltransferases; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel; C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; C078492:HHEX protein, human; C498779:IGF2BP2 protein, human; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; C525110:CDKAL1 protein, human