title: Ethnic differences in long-term improvement of angina following revascularization or medical management: a comparison between south Asians and white Europeans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not known whether there are disparities in morbidity outcomes between south Asians and whites with established coronary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-year prospective cohort study to determine whether improvement of angina symptoms differs between 196 south Asians and 1508 whites following revascularization or medical management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  43.9% of south Asians reported improvement in angina at 6 years compared with 60.3% of whites (age-adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.76, adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, smoking, number of diseased vessels, left ventricular function and social class OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85). Similar proportions of whites and south Asians underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (19.6% versus 19.9%) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) (32.8% versus 30.1%). South Asians were less likely to report improved angina after PCI (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.56) or CABG (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.74). There was less evidence of ethnic differences in angina improvement when treatment was medical (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.48-1.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  South Asians were less likely to experience long-term improvements in angina than whites after receipt of revascularization. Further research is needed to identify why these ethnic groups differ in symptomatic prognosis following revascularization for coronary disease and how these differences may be mitigated.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. j.zaman@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M Justin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Crook
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junghans
authors.forename: Natalie K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Timmis
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hemingway
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology