title: A universal pre-analytic solution for concurrent stabilization of salivary proteins, RNA and DNA at ambient temperature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Saliva is a biofluid that can be obtained from individuals without supervision by health care providers. To maximize this clinical advantage, it is highly desirable to have a global salivary analyte stabilizer for proteins, RNA and DNA at ambient temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole saliva, saliva supernatant and saliva filtrate (5.0 microm) were treated with RPS at room temperature (RT) for up to 6 days and then subjected to SDS-PAGE. Immunoblotting of beta-actin and cystatin C were used to evaluate protein stability. For salivary DNA/RNA, whole saliva was incubated with RPS at RT for up to 10 weeks. After extracting total DNA/RNA in samples at week 0, 2, 6 and 10, DNA stability was assayed by chromosome 18 DNA qPCR and RNA stability by beta-actin mRNA RT-qPCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta-actin completely degraded in all types of saliva samples after 6-day incubation at RT. However, 24.0%, 91.4% and 89.3% of beta-actin remained intact with RPS for whole saliva, saliva supernatant and filtrate, respectively. Similarly, 70.3% of cystatin C in supernatant remained intact in the presence of RPS. For salivary DNA/RNA, the cycle threshold (Ct) values showed no significant change for chromosome 18 DNA and beta-actin mRNA in RPS-incubated saliva during the 10-week time course while significant increase in Ct values were observed in controls without RPS for both beta-actin mRNA and DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RPS provided effective concurrent stabilization to salivary DNA/RNA in whole saliva for up to 10 weeks and proteins in saliva filtrate for 6 days at RT. We also achieved separation of saliva supernatant from cellular elements by a simple filtration step (bypassing the need for centrifugation).
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Institute, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Noh Jin
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000737:chemistry*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA