Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome according to three definitions in middle-aged Chinese men.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has varied markedly between different studies because of the lack of internationally agreed-upon criteria to define the condition. We estimated the prevalence and lifestyle risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to three definitions of metabolic syndrome in urban Chinese men participating in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS).


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 3988 middle-aged, urban Chinese men 40-74 years of age who were free of type 2 diabetes at baseline provided fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and information on lifestyle factors and disease history.


RESULTS
The three definitions of metabolic syndrome used in this report are from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the U.S. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III), and a modified version of the ATP III criteria for Asian populations (ATP III-modified criteria). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 18.63%, 18.36%, and 29.34% according to IDF, ATP III, and ATP III-modified criteria, respectively. Agreement between the IDF and ATP III criteria was moderate (kappa = 0.43), whereas agreement between ATP III-modified and the IDF and ATP III criteria was good (kappa = 0.71 and 0.70, respectively). Physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, whereas drinking more than three drinks per day was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, regardless of the criteria employed. The association between smoking and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this population failed to reach significance.


CONCLUSIONS
Results from this representative sample of middle-aged, urban Chinese men show that metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in this population. Our data support the hypothesis that physical activity decreases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and that high alcohol consumption increases risk.
Villegas
Raquel
R
Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-1738, USA. raquel.villegas@vanderbilt.edu
Xiang
Yong-Bing
YB
Yang
Gong
G
Cai
Qiuyin
Q
Fazio
Sergio
S
Linton
MacRae F
MF
Elasy
Tom
T
Xu
Wang-Hong
WH
Li
Honglan
H
Cai
Hui
H
Gao
Yu-Tang
YT
Zheng
Wei
W
Shu
Xiao Ou
XO
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014505:Urban Population; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids