title: Immunomodulatory activity of Asparagus racemosus on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity: implications for immunoadjuvant potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd (Shatavari in vernacular) are widely used in Ayurveda as Rasayana for immunostimulation, galactogogue as also in treatment of conditions like ulcers and cancer. Various studies have indicated immunomodulatory properties of Shatavari root extracts and formulations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of standardized Asparagus racemosus root aqueous extract (ARE) on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity of SRBC sensitized animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used HPTLC to quantify steroidal saponins (Shatavarin IV, Immunoside) and flow cytometry to study effects of ARE on Th1/Th2 immunity. SRBC specific antibody titres and DTH responses were also monitored as markers of Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. We also studied lymphocyte proliferation. Cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide and levamisole were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with ARE (100mg/(kg b.w.p.o.)) resulted in significant increase of CD3(+) and CD4/CD8(+) percentages suggesting its effect on T cell activation. ARE treated animals showed significant up-regulation of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines suggesting its mixed Th1/Th2 adjuvant activity. Consistent to this, ARE also showed higher antibody titres and DTH responses. ARE, in combination with LPS, Con A or SRBC, produced a significant proliferation suggesting effect on activated lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests mixed Th1/Th2 activity of ARE supports its immunoadjuvant potential.
authors.affiliation: Bioprospecting Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. manish_gautam2003@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Sarang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Dada
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Satti
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gairola
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Bhushan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D027761:Asparagus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins