title: Mice deficient in PKCbeta and apolipoprotein E display decreased atherosclerosis.
abstract: Endothelial activation is a central initiating event in atheroma formation. Evidence from our laboratory and others has demonstrated links between activation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and atherosclerosis and also has demonstrated that activated protein kinase C (PKC) betaII is a critical upstream regulator of Egr-1 in response to vascular stress. We tested the role of PKCbeta in regulating key events linked to atherosclerosis and show that the aortas of apoE(-/-) mice display an age-dependent increase in PKCbetaII antigen in membranous fractions vs. C57BL/6 animals with a approximately 2-fold increase at age 6 wk and a approximately 4.5-fold increase at age 24 wk. Consistent with important roles for PKCbeta in atherosclerosis, a significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesion area was evident in PKCbeta(-/-)/apoE(-/-) vs. apoE(-/-) mice by approximately 5-fold, in parallel with significantly reduced vascular transcripts for Egr-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 antigen and activity vs. apoE(-/-) mice. Significant reduction in atherosclerosis of approximately 2-fold was observed in apoE(-/-) mice fed ruboxistaurin chow (PKCbeta inhibitor) vs. vehicle. In primary murine and human aortic endothelial cells, the PKCbeta-JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway importantly contributes to oxLDL-mediated induction of MMP2 expression. Blockade of PKCbeta may be beneficial in mitigating endothelial perturbation and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Evis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harja
authors.forename: Jong Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitges
authors.forename: Yu Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Shi-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006720:Homozygote; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; C099154:ruboxistaurin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2