Spinal ceramide modulates the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance via peroxynitrite-mediated nitroxidative stress and neuroimmune activation.
The effective treatment of pain is typically limited by a decrease in the pain-relieving action of morphine that follows its chronic administration (tolerance). Therefore, restoring opioid efficacy is of great clinical importance. In a murine model of opioid antinociceptive tolerance, repeated administration of morphine significantly stimulated the enzymatic activities of spinal cord serine palmitoyltransferase, ceramide synthase, and acid sphingomyelinase (enzymes involved in the de novo and sphingomyelinase pathways of ceramide biosynthesis, respectively) and led to peroxynitrite-derive nitroxidative stress and neuroimmune activation [activation of spinal glial cells and increase formation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6]. Inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis with various pharmacological inhibitors significantly attenuated the increase in spinal ceramide production, nitroxidative stress, and neuroimmune activation. These events culminated in a significant inhibition of the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance at doses devoid of behavioral side effects. Our findings implicate ceramide as a key upstream signaling molecule in the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance and provide the rationale for development of inhibitors of ceramide biosynthesis as adjuncts to opiates for the management of chronic pain.
Ndengele
Michael M
MM
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Cuzzocrea
Salvatore
S
Masini
Emanuela
E
Vinci
M Cristina
MC
Esposito
Emanuela
E
Muscoli
Carolina
C
Petrusca
Daniela Nicoleta
DN
Mollace
Vincenzo
V
Mazzon
Emanuela
E
Li
Dechun
D
Petrache
Irina
I
Matuschak
George M
GM
Salvemini
Daniela
D
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002518:Ceramides / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002518:Ceramides; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009020:Morphine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C108138:dihydroceramide desaturase; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase