title: Effect of application site of low-level laser therapy in random cutaneous flap viability in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the effect of diode laser (830 nm) irradiation on the viability of ischemic random skin flaps in rats, as well as to determine the most effective site for applying laser radiation to speed healing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has recently been used to improve the viability of ischemic random skin flaps in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy Wistar rats were used and divided into seven groups of 10 rats each: group 1, sham laser treatment; group 2, which received irradiation at 1 point 5 cm from the flap's cranial base; group 3, which received irradiation at 2 points (5 and 7.5 cm from the flap's base); group 4, which received irradiation at 3 points (2.5, 5 and 7.5 cm from the flap's base); group 5, which received irradiation at 1 point 2.5 cm from the flap's base; group 6, which received irradiation at 2 points (2.5 and 5 cm from the flap's base); and group 7, which received irradiation at 1 point 7.5 cm from the flap's base. The animals were subjected to laser therapy at an energy density of 36 J/cm(2) for 72 sec immediately after surgery, and one time on each of the four subsequent days. The percentage of necrotic skin flap area was calculated on the seventh postoperative day using a paper template.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the rats in group 5 had the highest increase in skin flap viability, with a statistically significant difference compared to the other groups. Statistically significant differences were not seen between any of the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diode laser was effective in increasing skin flap viability in rats, and laser irradiation of a point 2.5 cm from the cranial base flap was found to be the most effective.
authors.affiliation: Master of Basic Sciences in Plastic Surgery, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. paschoalrp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rodrigo Paschoal
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pinfildi
authors.forename: Richard Eloin
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Liebano
authors.forename: Bernardo S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hochman
authors.forename: Lydia Masako
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*