title: Review of paediatric patients with urolithiasis, in view of development of urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the development of UTI in paediatric patients, presented to OPD with urolithiasis. To ascertain what general parameters are associated with UTI, and examine specific characteristics of the calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a retrospective study. Files of paediatric patients from July 2000 to December 2004 were reviewed. Only those patients with calculi and absent UTI and upto 5 years age were studied. All files of patients, primarily presenting with UTI, and those with documented urological procedures prior to UTI occurrence, were excluded from the study. Ultrasound and X-ray techniques were used to determine stone size and location. Collected urine samples were screened for UTI; organisms were isolated and cultured using Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) culture medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 149 patients were studied. The mean age was 3.05 +/- 1.25 years, [77.2 %] were males [22.8%] females. Urinary tract infection [UTI] was found in 37.6% cases. Age status was significantly associated with UTI [p=0.008] along with the anatomical location [p=0.021]. The most common organism found on our culture plate of UTI positive patients was E. coli (21.4%). Bacteria were most sensitive to aminoglycoside group [16%] of antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significant association between age, anatomical location of stones and UTI. These factors should be considered in paediatric patients to prevent UTI and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Ziauddin University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Syed Adeel
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zafar
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology