title: Blood pressure, anti-hypotensive therapy, and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare neurodevelopment (ND) in 3 cohorts of extremely preterm infants: untreated with normal blood pressure (BP), untreated with low BP, and treated with low BP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of infants 23 to 25 weeks gestation. Low BP was defined as >or=3 mean arterial pressures <or=25 mm Hg in the first 72 hours of life. Treatment included fluids, inotropes, and corticosteroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 67 infants with normal BP, 31 infants with untreated low BP, and 70 infants with treated low BP. A total of 75% survived to be discharged from the hospital, and 95% of survivors had ND assessment. Perinatal variables differed between treated infants with low BP and the other groups. Untreated infants with low BP had similar survival rates, but more cerebral palsy, deafness, or any ND impairment when compared with infants with normal BP. Treated infants with low BP had more mortality, worse ND, and less survival without ND impairment compared with infants who had normal BP. Results were unchanged after logistic regression adjusting for prenatal steroids, maternal education, race, sex, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and postnatal dexamethasone exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants with low BP-regardless of treatment-had worse ND than infants with normal BP. Early low BP may be independently associated with a poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. bbatton@siumed.edu
authors.forename: Beau
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Batton
authors.forename: Xiobei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanaroff
authors.forename: H Lester
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: Deanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson-Costello
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003638:Deafness / Q000453:epidemiology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005865:Gestational Age; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids