title: Diet scores and cardio-metabolic risk factors among Guatemalan young adults.
abstract: We assessed the association of four diet quality scores with multiple cardio-metabolic outcomes among Guatemalan young adults experiencing the nutrition transition. We obtained cross-sectional dietary, demographic, anthropometric and cardio-metabolic risk factor data from 1220 Guatemalan adults (mean age 32.7 (sd 5.8) years) in 2002-4, and computed a Recommended Food Score (RFS), Not Recommended Food Score (NRFS), Food Variety Score (FVS) and the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I). All four scores were correlated with energy intake (r 0.23-0.49; all P < 0.01), but had varying associations with socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and nutrient intakes. None of the scores was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome or its components; rather some were positively associated with risk factors. Among both men and women the DQI-I was positively associated with BMI (kg/m2; beta = 0.10, 95 % CI 0.003, 0.21 (men); beta = 0.07, 95 % CI 0.01, 0.14 (women)) and waist circumference (cm; beta = 0.02, 95 % CI 0.01, 0.03 (men); beta = 0.02, 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.02 (women)). Among men, the RFS was positively associated with TAG (mg/l; beta = 0.11, 95 % CI 0.02, 0.21) and glucose (mg/l; beta = 0.13: 95 % CI 0.03, 0.22). We conclude that indices of diet quality are not consistently associated with chronic disease risk factor prevalence in this population of Guatemalan young adults.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Cria O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Marjorie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Zea
authors.forename: Aryeh D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006166:Guatemala; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult