title: Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones was associated with better clinical outcomes compared with the use of macrolides and beta- lactams among adults with pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, Current Contents, Scopus, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane with no language restrictions. Two reviewers independently extracted data from published trials that compared fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin) with macrolides or beta-lactams or both. A meta-analysis was performed with the clinical outcomes of mortality, treatment success and adverse outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 23 trials in our meta-analysis. There was no difference in mortality among patients who received fluoroquinolones or the comparator antibiotics (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.65-1.12). Pneumonia resolved in more patients who received fluoroquinolones compared with the comparator antibiotics for the included outcomes in the intention-to-treat population (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00-1.36), clinically evaluable population (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50) and the microbiologically assessed population (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.20). Fluoroquinolones were more effective than a combination of beta-lactam and macrolide (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.90). They were also more effective for patients with severe pneumonia (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.02-3.29), those who required admission to hospital (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.61) and those who required intravenous therapy (OR = 1.44, 15% CI 1.13-1.85). Fluoroquinolones were more effective than beta-lactam and macrolide in open-label trials (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.08-1.69) but not in blinded randomized controlled trials (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.85-1.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroquinolones were associated with higher success of treatment for severe forms of pneumonia; however, a benefit in mortality was not evident. A randomized controlled trial that includes patients with severe pneumonia with or without bacteremia is needed.
authors.affiliation: Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Vardakas
authors.forename: Ilias I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Siempos
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grammatikos
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Athanassa
authors.forename: Ioanna P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Korbila
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Falagas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D018942:Macrolides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D047090:beta-Lactams