Determination of volatile biomarkers for apoptosis and necrosis by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: a pharmacometabolomic approach to cisplatin's cytotoxicity to human lung cancer cell lines.
In order to find potential new biomarkers of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necrosis, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cisplatin-treated human lung cancer cell lines were investigated. The biological system employed was human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell lines. The cell lines were treated with two different concentrations of cisplatin, 100 microM and 400 microM, and apoptosis and necrosis were determined by flow cytometric analysis. For each drug concentration, the VOCs from the treated cell lines were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The compounds that change during cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necrosis of lung cancer cell lines can serve as new biomarkers. The pharmacometabolomic approach presented in this study, significantly, implicates a non-destructive, sample-thrifty and time-saving tool for finding new biomarkers for the assessment of drug-induced cell death pathways.
Pyo
Jae Sung
JS
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
Ju
Hyun Kyoung
HK
Park
Jeong Hill
JH
Kwon
Sung Won
SW
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009336:Necrosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002945:Cisplatin