title: Depressive symptoms and change in abdominal obesity in older persons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression has been hypothesized to result in abdominal obesity through the accumulation of visceral fat. No large study has tested this hypothesis longitudinally.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether depressive symptoms predict an increase in abdominal obesity in a large population-based sample of well-functioning older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older persons residing in the areas surrounding Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2088 well-functioning white and black persons aged 70 to 79 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline depression was defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score of 16 or higher. At baseline and after 5 years, overall obesity measures included body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and percentage of body fat (measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Abdominal obesity measures included waist circumference, sagittal diameter, and visceral fat (measured by computed tomography).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle, diseases, and overall obesity, baseline depression was associated with a 5-year increase in sagittal diameter (beta = .054; P = .01) and visceral fat (beta = .080; P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that depressive symptoms result in an increase in abdominal obesity independent of overall obesity, suggesting that there may be specific pathophysiological mechanisms that link depression with visceral fat accumulation. These results might also help explain why depression increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, A. J. Ernststraat 887, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands. nicolev@ggzba.nl
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vogelzangs
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.forename: Aartjan T F
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satterfield
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Simonsick
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.forename: Tamara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000886:Anthropometry; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology; D055105:Waist Circumference