title: Pneumothorax complicating "in-out-in" thoracic pedicle screw placement for kyphotic deformity correction in a child.
abstract: The authors describe a rare case of pneumothorax as a complication of thoracic pedicle screw placement in an 11-year-old girl undergoing posterior segmental instrumentation for a kyphotic deformity. Spontaneous pneumothorax after posterior fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has been reported in the orthopedic literature; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, pneumothorax directly related to pedicle screw placement for spinal deformity has not been previously described. The authors discuss the anatomical and technical aspects leading to this complication and the lessons learned from it.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Spine Center, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Relyea
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Luerssen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jea
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae