title: Anaplastic ganglioglioma in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anaplastic gangliogliomas (AGG) are gangliogliomas with areas of pronounced hypercellularity, vascular proliferation, necrosis, and many mitotic figures. As very few pediatric patients have been studied, we analyzed the cases registered in the HIT-GBM database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient data were obtained from the German HIT-GBM database. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of AGG proven by a central neuropathological review and patient age 0 to 17 years. Eight patients (five male and three female) were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' median age was 10 years. The median history of disease was 9 months (range, 1.0-43.0 months). Initial symptoms included signs of raised intracranial pressure, seizures, and, in the case of spinal cord tumor, bladder dysfunction. In five cases, AGGs were localized supratentorially with three patients having multiple lobes involved. The tumors affected the frontal (n = 3 cases), parietal (n = 2), temporal (n = 2), and occipital lobes (n = 1), as well as the brainstem (n = 1) and the spinal cord (n = 2). Gross total tumor resection was achieved in six patients. The estimated 5-year overall survival rate +/- standard error was 88 +/- 12%, and the event-free survival rate was 63 +/- 17%. While gender and tumor location did not affect survival rates, gross total tumor resection provided a better overall survival than non-total resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of pediatric patients with AGG is good, especially for those who undergo gross total tumor resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karremann
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Christof M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kramm
authors.forename: Johannes E A
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis