title: Affected and non-affected skin fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients share a gene expression profile deviated from the one observed in healthy individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the gene expression profile of fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and from controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Labeled cDNA from fibroblast cultures from forearm (affected) and axillary (non-affected) skin from six diffuse SSc patients, from three normal controls, and from MOLT-4/HEp-2/normal fibroblasts (reference pool) was probed in microarrays generated with 4193 human cDNAs from the IMAGE Consortium. Microarray images were converted into numerical data and gene expression was calculated as the ratio between fibroblast cDNA (Cy5) and reference pool cDNA (Cy3) data and analyzed by R environment/Aroma, Cluster, Tree View, and SAM softwares. Differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for a set of selected genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight genes were up- and 241 genes down-regulated in SSc fibroblasts. Gene expression correlation was strong between affected and non-affected fibroblast samples from the same patient (r>0.8), moderate among fibroblasts from all patients (r=0.72) and among fibroblasts from all controls (r=0.70), and modest among fibroblasts from patients and controls (r=0.55). The differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for all selected genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of SSc patients shared a similar abnormal gene expression profile, suggesting that the widespread molecular disturbance in SSc fibroblasts is more sensitive than histological and clinical alterations. Novel molecular elements potentially involved in SSc pathogenesis were identified.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rheumatology Division-São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Fuzii
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Junta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandrin-Garcia
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fachin
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Sakamoto-Hojo
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Donadi
authors.forename: G A S
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.forename: L E C
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D045743:Scleroderma, Diffuse / Q000235:genetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult