title: The constituents of Anisomeles indica and their anti-inflammatory activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze. (Labiatae), popularly known as 'yu-chen-tsao', has been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory agent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plants of Anisomeles indica, and evaluate their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined MeOH extract was successively partitioned with CHCl(3) and n-butanol, then submitted to several column chromatographic, and HPLC purification procedures which led to the isolation of one cembrane-type diterpenoid (3), two benzenoids (4 and 5), five flavonoids (1, 2, 6, 7 and 14), and six phenyl propanoids (8-13). The compounds 1-14 were examined for their inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediator's enhanced production from LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages. Among these, ovatodiolide (3) exhibited potent inhibition on NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12 enhanced production at a concentration of 5 microM, followed by pedalitin (1), scutellarein 7-O-beta-d-glucuronide methyl ester (6), and acteoside (12) at 40 microM (P<0.05). Furthermore, 2 microM of 3, and 20 microM of 1 and 6 significantly (P<0.05) arrested the cell cycle of Con A-stimulated spleen cells at the G0/G1 stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the presence of compounds 1 and 4-13 in this plant and of the potent anti-inflammatory activity of 1, 3, 6 and 12 in vitro. These compounds may account for the use of Anisomeles indica in folk medicine to treat inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yerra Koteswara
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Shih-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yew-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tzeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma