title: Human immune memory to yellow fever and smallpox vaccination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Establishment of immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immune responses and the biological mechanism for the success of vaccines. However, in humans, much of our knowledge about adaptive immune responses derives from studies of chronic viral infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here, we summarize the work of our laboratory and others on B and T cell responses and the establishment and maintenance of immune memory after acute viral infections induced by vaccination with two of the most successful vaccines to date, the yellow fever and the smallpox vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. wrammert@microbio.emory.edu
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wrammert
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akondy
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D012901:Variola virus / Q000276:immunology; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine