[Treatment of post-transplant glomerulonephritis].
The treatment of recurrent glomerulonephritis (GN) is often empirical. Plasmapheresis has received the largest consensus for the treatment of focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), whether associated with cyclophosphamide and steroids or not. To be effective, such therapy needs to be started as quickly as possible after the onset of proteinuria, and prolonged for months when recovery is delayed. Plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide have also been used to treat GNs with glomerular crescents. However, there has been no consensus on the efficacy of such therapy. The recently introduced rituximab is the most innovative drug but also the most experimental. So far, it has been used for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis, FGS and membranous GN, with results that are still under debate. Cyclophosphamide has been used in patients with severe recurrent GN, but the anedoctal cases described prevent us from drawing any firm conclusions. Steroids have been used for the treatment of many recurrent GNs, but yet again, without any standard protocol. They have been used both in children with FGS and in adults with aggressive GN or severe proteinuria. Both ACE inhibitors and angiotensinreceptor blockers have been suggested as first-line therapy in recurrent GN with proteinuria. This therapy is safe and can be even more effective than others. Finally, it must be kept in mind that the addition of immunosuppression in transplant patients can dramatically increase the risk of infective complications. Moreover, recurrent GNs are often associated with chronic allograft diseases that can cause graft worsening independently of any therapy.
Sandrini
S
S
Divisione di Nefrologia, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy. sandrini.silvio@libero.it
Valerio
F
F
D056648:Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000188:drug therapy; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000188:drug therapy; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide