title: Poor embryo development in mouse oocytes aged in vitro is associated with impaired calcium homeostasis.
abstract: We examined whether impairment of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is related to poor embryo development in in vitro-aged oocytes. We found that in vitro aging of mouse oocytes affected the patterns of Ca(2+) oscillations at fertilization: these Ca(2+) oscillations were lower in amplitude and higher in frequency compared with oocytes without in vitro aging. We also observed that the intracellular Ca(2+) store was decreased in in vitro-aged oocytes. A decrease in the Ca(2+) store induced by thapsigargin, a specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, resulted in a lower fertilization rate and in poorer embryo development. The frequency of Ca(2+) oscillations was significantly increased at fertilization, whereas their amplitude was decreased in thapsigargin-treated oocytes. These results suggest that impairment of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis (such as a decrease in the ER Ca(2+) store) caused an alteration in Ca(2+) oscillations and the poor embryo development in in vitro-aged oocytes. Because embryo fragmentation is closely related to apoptosis, we examined expression of BAX (a proapototic protein) and BCL2 (an antiapoptotic protein) in in vitro-aged oocytes. Although BCL2 was strongly expressed in oocytes without in vitro aging, expression of BCL2 was significantly reduced in oocytes of other culture conditions and treatments such as those in in vitro aging and those that were pretreated with H(2)O(2) or thapsigargin. Acting together, alteration in Ca(2+) oscillations and decrease in BCL2 expression in in vitro-aged oocytes may lead to poor embryo development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. totakaha@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawagoe
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amita
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016877:Oxidants; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D019284:Thapsigargin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium