title: The Arabidopsis gene YS1 encoding a DYW protein is required for editing of rpoB transcripts and the rapid development of chloroplasts during early growth.
abstract: Virescence, a phenotype in which leaves green more slowly than usual, is recognized to play a role in protection from photo-oxidative damage before healthy chloroplasts are developed. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying virescence will provide insights into how the development of chloroplasts is controlled. In this study, we find that knockout alleles of Yellow Seedlings 1 (YS1) in Arabidopsis lead to a virescent phenotype, which disappears by 3 weeks after germination. The ys1 mutation resulted in marked decreases in photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic pigment complexes, and disturbed ultrastructure of thylakoid membranes in 8-day-old seedlings. However, cotyledons of ys1 seedlings pre-treated in the dark for 5 days turn green almost as fast as the wild type in light, revealing that the developmental defects in ys1 are limited to the first few days after germination. Inspection of all known plastid RNA editing and splicing events revealed that YS1 is absolutely required for editing of site 25992 in rpoB transcripts encoding the beta subunit of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). YS1 is a nuclear-encoded chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein differing from previously described editing factors in that it has a C-terminal DYW motif. A defect in PEP activity is consistent with the changes in plastid transcript patterns observed in ys1 seedlings. We conclude that the activity of PEP containing RpoB translated from unedited transcripts is insufficient to support rapid chloroplast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chateigner-Boutin
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delannoy
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hammani
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Jirong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003624:Darkness; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005453:Fluorescence; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018525:Germination; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017393:RNA Editing; D018747:RNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; C508767:PEPPER protein, Arabidopsis; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D018747:RNA, Chloroplast; D018749:RNA, Plant; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid