title: Antiangiogenic forms of antithrombin specifically bind to the anticoagulant heparin sequence.
abstract: A specific pentasaccharide sequence of heparin binds with high affinity to native antithrombin and induces a conformational change in the inhibitor by a previously described two-step interaction mechanism. In this work, the interactions of heparin with the antiangiogenic latent and cleaved antithrombin forms were studied. Binding of heparin to these antithrombin forms was specific for the same pentasaccharide sequence as native antithrombin. Rapid kinetic studies demonstrated that this pentasaccharide induced a conformational change also in latent and cleaved antithrombin. The binding affinities of these antithrombin forms for the pentasaccharide, as compared to native antithrombin, were approximately 30-fold lower due to two to three fewer ionic interactions, resulting in less stable conformationally altered states. Affinities of latent and cleaved antithrombin for longer heparin chains, containing the pentasaccharide sequence, were 2-fold lower than for the pentasaccharide itself. This contrasts the interaction with native antithrombin and demonstrates that residues flanking the pentasaccharide sequence of heparin are repelled by the latent and cleaved forms. These findings contribute to delineating the mechanism by which heparin or heparan sulfate mediates antiangiogenic activity of antithrombin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Sophia.Schedin_Weiss@imbim.uu.se
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schedin-Weiss
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Rebecka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hjelm
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D007477:Ions; D011134:Polysaccharides