title: Relationship between soluble CD40 ligand and gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations in non-drinking, young Type 1 diabetic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between circulating levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity concentrations in Type 1 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of sCD40L and GGT activity, a marker of liver dysfunction, were measured in 54 non-smoking, non-drinking, young Type 1 diabetic patients, who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When participants were grouped according to tertiles of GGT, plasma sCD40L concentrations steadily increased across GGT tertiles (P = 0.007 for trend). Similarly, plasma sCD40L concentrations were positively correlated with plasma GGT levels in the whole group of participants (r = 0.532; P < 0.0001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, plasma GGT activity levels were positively associated with sCD40L (standardized beta coefficient = 0.342; P = 0.027) independently of age, gender, diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. Further adjustment for the presence of diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria did not appreciably attenuate this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that there is a strong, graded, relationship between plasma GGT activity and sCD40L concentrations in non-smoking, non-drinking, young Type 1 diabetic individuals. This association appears to be independent of numerous confounding factors. Further studies are required to confirm the reproducibility of these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Chemistry, Section of Endocrinology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. giovanni.targher@univr.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trombetta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muggeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase