Erythropoiesis-stimulating protein delivery in providing erythropoiesis and neuroprotection.
Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein, plays an important role in erythropoiesis and neuroprotection. EPO therapies for anemia or neurodegenerative diseases require frequent injections or high-dose systemic administration which may cause unwanted side effects. Various strategies for EPO delivery have been investigated for increasing EPO bioavailability and decreasing side effects, including nano/micro particles, PEGylation of EPO and transport-mediated delivery systems. Nano/micro particles provide EPO with long-term effect and protect EPO against proteolytic cleavage. PEGylated EPO prolong circulating time and reduce injection frequency of anemia treatment. A transport-mediated delivery system enables protein to cross biological barriers. Presently, there is no report about an effective delivery system of EPO for neuroprotection. This review focuses on EPO delivery systems for erythropoiesis or neuroprotection with prolonged duration and enhanced bioavailability.
Chang
Zhi-Yang
ZY
Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
Chiang
Chiao-Hsi
CH
Lu
Da-Wen
DW
Yeh
Ming-Kung
MK
D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006397:Hematinics; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin