Different mechanisms of spinal fusion using equine bone protein extract, rhBMP-2 and autograft during the process of anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of spinal fusion with different graft materials during an anterior lumbar interbody fusion, we examined the gene-expression profiles after implantation of equine bone protein extract, rhBMP-2 and autograft using microarray technology and data analysis, including hierarchical clustering, self-organizing maps (SOM), KEGG pathway and Biological process GO analyses in a porcine model. The results suggest that equine bone protein extract exhibited a more similar expression pattern with autograft than that of rhBMP-2. rhBMP-2 recruits progenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation possibly by inducing various factors including PGHS-2, IFGBP-2, VEGF and chemokines and then leads to preferable membranous ossification and bone remodeling. Conversely, equine bone protein extract results in endochondral ossification via upregulation of cartilage-related genes. Ossification by inducing direct osteoblastic differentiation and obviating the cartilaginous intermediate phases may increase spinal fusion rate.
Zou
Xuenong
X
Department of Spine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. zxnong@hotmail.com
Zou
Lijin
L
Foldager
Casper
C
Bendtsen
Michael
M
Feng
Wenzhou
W
Bünger
Cody E
CE
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C487179:Colloss; D011994:Recombinant Proteins