title: Post-transcriptional regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) is required for the recruitment of neutrophils in response to infection. uPA induces its own expression in lung epithelial cells, which involves its interaction with cell surface uPAR. Regulation of uPAR expression is therefore crucial for uPA-mediated signaling in infectious acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of uPA in uPAR expression during ALI caused by sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Western blot, Northern blot, Northwestern assay, and immunohistochemistry. Phosphate-buffered saline- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated wild-type and uPA(-/-) mice were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biological activities of uPA, including proteolysis, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, are dependent on its association with uPAR. Bacterial endotoxin (LPS) is a major cause of pulmonary dysfunction and infection-associated mortality. The present study shows that LPS induces uPAR expression both in vitro and in vivo, and that the mechanism involves post-transcriptional stabilization of uPAR mRNA by reciprocal interaction of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) with uPAR mRNA coding region and 3' untranslated region determinants, respectively. The process involves tyrosine phosphorylation of PGK and hnRNPC. uPA(-/-) mice failed to induce uPAR expression after LPS treatment. In these mice, LPS treatment failed to alter the binding of PGK and hnRNPC protein with uPAR mRNA due to lack of tyrosine phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that induction of LPS-mediated uPAR expression is mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of PGK and hnRNPC. This involves expression of uPA as an obligate intermediary.
authors.affiliation: The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
authors.forename: Yashodhar P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Bhandary
authors.forename: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Velusamy
authors.forename: Praveenkumar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Rashmi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Idell
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cines
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bdeir
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Sreerama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shetty
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014443:Tyrosine; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase