title: Development of the Samuels Scale to rate pain management documentation.
abstract: Charting deficits and nominal-level data create difficulties when rating pain management documentation (PMD) quality. Researchers developed an interval level rating scale using Q-methodology. Pain entries (340), sorted into patterns, were rank ordered by nine pain management experts and distributed across a 7-point scale. Rankings demonstrated agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96). One factor explained 77.19% of the variance. Reliability and validity were supported. Interval level data enable more robust testing of interventions to improve PMD outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA. joanne.samuels@unh.edu
authors.forename: Joanne G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fetzer
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000451:nursing*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009731:Nursing Audit / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009736:Nursing Process / Q000592:standards; D015588:Observer Variation; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing*; D013527:Perioperative Nursing / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011594:Psychometrics; D011779:Q-Sort / Q000592:standards*