title: MCP-1-induced migration of NT2 neuroprogenitor cells involving APP signaling.
abstract: Neuroprogenitor cells are an important resource because of their great potential to replace damaged cells in the brain caused by trauma and disease. Studies have shown that when neuroprogenitor cells are transplanted into the brain they migrate towards damaged areas, suggesting that these areas express factors that recruit migrating cells. Generally, after neuronal injury, there is a neuroinflammatory response that results in increased chemokine production. In this present study, we demonstrate that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) significantly induces the migration of NT2 neuroprogenitor cells. Activation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate or protein kinase C with forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, respectively, was able to completely abolish the MCP-1-induced migration. Contrarily, neither extracellular signal-regulated kinase nor p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was required for NT2 cells to respond to MCP-1. Previously, we showed that amyloid precursor protein (APP) activity increases MCP-1 expression in NT2 cells. We now demonstrate that NT2 cells expressing APP can induce migration of other neuroprogenitor cells. Utilizing a MCP-1 neutralizing antibody, we discovered that APP-induced migration was not caused solely by increased MCP-1 production. Interestingly, APP-increased expression of several C-C chemokines: MCP-1, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), and macrophage inflammatory protein alpha (MIP-1 alpha). This demonstrates the unique role APP has in regulating chemokine production, which directly affects cell migration. Taken together, these data provides greater detail of the chemotactic factors and intracellular signaling that direct neuroprogenitor cell migration, allowing for better understanding of cell migration during transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. BMS Building, Room 223, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel George
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Vrotsos
authors.forename: Kiminobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugaya
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger