title: Cervical priming in the first trimester: morphological and biochemical effects of misoprostol and isosorbide mononitrate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate morphological changes and inflammatory events in the uterine cervix following presurgical treatment with the prostaglandin analogue misoprostol or the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate (IMN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. POPULATION OF SAMPLE: Primigravid women (n=32) scheduled for surgical termination of first trimester pregnancy, treated vaginally overnight with either misoprostol (200 microg), IMN (40 mg) or no treatment (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Before evacuation, cervical biopsies were obtained with the use of a Tru-Cut biopsy needle. Morphology was studied by electron microscopy. For assessment of inflammatory events the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-9 was estimated by immunohistochemistry and interleukin IL-8 was quantified by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Misoprostol induced splitting and disorganization of the collagen fibres. Compared to specimens from women who had received no treatment, the granular endoplasmatic reticulum appeared enriched and dilated and the nuclear chromatin was clearly dispersed. Similar changes of a lesser degree were observed in specimens obtained from IMN-treated women. Staining intensity for MMP-1 and MMP-9 was more evident in specimens obtained from IMN-treated women compared to women who had received treatment with misoprostol or no treatment. The levels of IL-8 were higher following treatment with misoprostol compared to IMN and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that misoprostol as well as IMN induces morphological changes and inflammatory events of the cervix. Changes of the collagen network were more pronounced in samples obtained from women treated with misoprostol compared to IMN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. nina.radulovic@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Nina Vukas
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Radulovic
authors.forename: Erling
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekerhovd
authors.forename: Gun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norstrom
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D016595:Misoprostol; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate