title: [Clinical application of pulsed laser-induced liquid jet: preliminary report in glioma surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both maximum resection of tumor and preservation of fine vessels are conflicting aims, but important factors to improve outcome in glioma surgery. Water jet dissection has been reported to dissect tissue while ensuring preservation of fine vessels. However, it was difficult to apply conventional water jet device in microsurgery due to the use of high pressure and continuous water a flow. To overcome these issues, we have developed pulsed holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser-induced liquid jet (LILJ) for microsugical use and applied it in glioma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  LILJ was generated by irradiating pulsed Ho: YAG laser (3 Hz, pulse laser energy 233-300 mJ/pulse) within a stainless tube (outer diameter (OD): 1.26 mm inner diameter (ID): 0.90 mm) filled with cold (4 degrees C) lactated Ringer's solution. The laser beam was conducted through optical quartz fiber (core diameter: 400 microm). The jet generated was ejected from a stainless nozzle (OD: 1.06 mm, ID: 0.70 mm). To avoid splash and air bubbles within the surgical field, the nozzle was placed inside a stainless suction tube (OD: 3.06 mm, ID: 2.64 mm). LILJ was ejected randomly toward blood vessels and tissue simultaneously after removal of arachnoid membrane by microsurgical technique, and the quality of the dissection and the visual field were evaluated in 4 patients with supratentorial glioma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restoration of small arteries (diameter: 100 to 200 microns) was accomplished. There was no significant occurrence of splash or air bubbles under the microscopic view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results showed that the pulsed LILJ system may safely be used for microsurgical procedures, and may be useful for glioma resection where preservation of fine vessels is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumabe
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D007834:Lasers; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate