title: When should we perform prophylactic antibiotics in elective cesarean cases?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of prophylactic antibiotics at cesarean delivery influences maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized trial. Four hundred patients that underwent elective cesarean section between June and December 2007 formed the study population. Eleven patients were excluded from the study because they needed transfusion during the cesarean section. The population was divided into two groups: Group A, antibiotic prophylaxis was applied to 194 women before skin incision and Group B, antibiotic prophylaxis was applied to 195 women after umbilical cord clamping. The occurrence of endomyometritis/endometritis, wound infection, febrile morbidity, total infectious morbidity, and neonatal complications were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 389 patients enrolled. No demographic differences were observed between groups. No significant difference was found between the groups for total infectious morbidity [relative risk (RR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-2.69] and endometritis (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.43-4.51). There was no increase in neonatal sepsis (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.61-3.53), sepsis workup (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.75-2.42), need for neonatal intensive care (RR 1.77, 95% CI 0.51-6.16), and intensive care stay period (P = 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time of antibiotic prophylaxis application does not change maternal infectious morbidity in cesarean section deliveries. Preoperative prophylaxis application does not affect neonate morbidity rates as stated in literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Bakirkoy Women and Children Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gungorduk
authors.forename: Hamit Zafer
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Ozgü
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Celikkol
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sudolmus
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ceylan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002437:Cefazolin