title: Assessment of the microbiological safety of dried spices and herbs from production and retail premises in the United Kingdom.
abstract: A study of dried spices and herbs from retail and production premises to determine the microbiological status of such products was undertaken in the UK during 2004. According to EC Recommendation 2004/24/EC and European Spice Association specifications, 96% of 2833 retail samples and 92% of 132 production batches were of satisfactory/acceptable quality. Salmonella spp. were detected in 1.5% and 1.1% of dried spices and herbs sampled at production and retail, respectively. Overall, 3.0% of herbs and spices contained high counts of Bacillus cereus (1%, > or =10(5) cfu g(-1)), Clostridium perfringens (0.4%, > or =10(3) cfu g(-1)) and/or Escherichia coli (2.1%, > or =10(2) cfu g(-1)). Ninety percent of samples examined were recorded as being 'ready-to-use', 96% of which were of satisfactory/acceptable quality. The potential public health risk of using spices and herbs as an addition to ready-to-eat foods that potentially undergo no further processing is therefore highlighted in this study. Prevention of microbial contamination in dried herbs and spices lies in the application of good hygiene practices during growing, harvesting and processing from farm to fork, and effective decontamination. In addition, the importance of correct food handling practices and usage of herbs and spices by end users cannot be overemphasised.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, Department of Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, HPA Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sagoo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mithani
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLauchlin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Pinna
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Threlfall
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D011634:Public Health; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017365:Spices / Q000382:microbiology*; D006113:United Kingdom