title: The effect of nondipping blood pressure patterns on cardiac structural changes and left ventricular diastolic functions in normotensives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac structural changes have been reported to be more prominent in nondipper normotensives than the dipper ones. But the influence of nondipping status on cardiac diastolic functions of normotensives has not been studied yet. In this study, we investigated the effect of nondipping status on both cardiac structural changes and left ventricular (LV) diastolic functions in normotensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography in 62 normotensive subjects with the following criteria: (1) office BP < 140/90 mmHg; (2) average 24-hour ambulatory BP < 130/80 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the evaluation by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), the early diastolic myocardial peak velocity (Em) and Em/late diastolic myocardial peak velocity (Am) ratio (Em/Am ratio) were lower in nondippers than those in dippers (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively). Isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) and myocardial performance index (MPI) were higher in nondippers than those in dippers (P = 0.036 and P = 0.026, respectively). Nondipping status, independent of other factors, was observed to cause both a decrease in the Em and Em/Am ratio and an increase in IRT. However, its effect on IRT was not statistically significant (coefficient =-0.27, P = 0.027; coefficient =-0.37, P = 0.002; coefficient = 0.20, P = 0.082, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nondipping of nocturnal BP seems to be a determinant of cardiac remodeling and LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and may result in a cardiovascular (CV) risk independent of the increase in LV mass (LVM) in normotensives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Meram Medical School of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. asoylu44@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Mehmet Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duzenli
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Kurtulus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokac
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gok
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*