title: Usefulness of two instruments in assessing depression among elderly Mexicans in population studies and for primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the psychometric qualities of the CES-DR and GDS scales in the elderly and compare them to clinical psychiatric diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first phase consisted of home interviews for determining the psychometric qualities of the GDS and CES-DR scales. In the second phase, psychiatrists conducted diagnostic interviews. The sample consisted of 534 participants older than 60 years of age insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First phase: Cronbach's alpha for the GDS was 0.87 and 0.86 for CES-DR. The GDS factorial analysis found eight factors that could explain 53.5% of the total variance and nine factors that explained 57.9% in the CES-DR. Second phase: Compared to the psychiatric diagnoses, CES-DR reported a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 49.2%; GDS reported 53.8% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CES-DR and GDS scales have high reliability and adequate validity but the CES-DR reports higher sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Area de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-García
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juárez-Cedillo
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: García-González
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Espinel-Bermúdez
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Estupiñán
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Peña
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data