title: A method for determining critical swimming velocity.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the critical swimming velocity (Vcri) estimated by the swimming velocity for a distance of 300 m at maximal effort breaststroke reflects the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Twelve trained swimmers swam 50 m, 300 m and 2 000 m at maximal effort for determination of Vcri that averaged 1.167 +/- 0.045 m . sec (-1). Since Vcri was equivalent to 90.5 % of the mean swimming velocity over the distance of 300 m at maximal effort, the swimming velocity obtained by multiplying the swimming velocity for the distance of 300 m of each subject by 90.5 % was taken to be 100 % of the predicted critical swimming velocity (Vcri-pred). Then, in an MLSS test, the subjects were instructed to swim breaststroke 2 000 m (5 x 400 m) at three constant velocities (98 %, 100 %, and 102 % of Vcri-pred), interrupted by four short rest periods from 30 to 45 seconds for blood sampling and heart rate measurement. As a result, the blood lactate concentration at 100 % Vcri-pred showed a higher steady state than the slow velocity, but at high velocity did not show the steady state. In conclusion, we can accurately estimate the Vcri for breaststroke by a one-time 300-m maximal effort swimming test.
authors.affiliation: Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo Unversity, Toyota, Japan. shigehirot@aol.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakayoshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid