title: Prospective randomized trial of iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal nerve block on post-operative morphine use after inpatient surgery of the female reproductive tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of pre-operative and intra-operative ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block on post-operative analgesic utilization and length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial to assess effectiveness of ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) on post-operative morphine consumption in female study patients (n = 60). Patients undergoing laparotomy via Pfannenstiel incision received injection of either 0.5% bupivacaine + 5 mcg/ml epinephrine for IINB (Group I, n = 28) or saline of equivalent volume given to the same site (Group II, n = 32). All injections were placed before the skin incision and after closure of rectus fascia via direct infiltration. Measured outcomes were post-operative morphine consumption (and associated side-effects), visual analogue pain scores, and hospital length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in morphine use was observed between the two groups (47.3 mg in Group I vs. 45.9 mg in Group II; p = 0.85). There was a trend toward lower pain scores after surgery in Group I, but this was not statistically significant. The mean time to initiate oral narcotics was also similar, 23.3 h in Group I and 22.8 h in Group II (p = 0.7). LOS was somewhat shorter in Group I compared to Group II, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.8). Side-effects occurred with similar frequency in both study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of patients undergoing inpatient surgery of the female reproductive tract, utilization of post-operative narcotics was not significantly influenced by IINB. Pain scores and LOS were also apparently unaffected by IINB, indicating a need for additional properly controlled prospective studies to identify alternative methods to optimize post-surgical pain management and reduce LOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence RI, USA. salimwehbemd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Salim A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wehbe
authors.forename: Labib M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ghulmiyyah
authors.forename: El-Khawand H
authors.initials: el-KH
authors.lastname: Dominique
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hosford
authors.forename: Carole M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ehleben
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: Eric Scott
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sills
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine