title: Validation of the X-Vision ERCP Training System and technical challenges during early training of sphincterotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new fluoroscopy-free training system for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with different model subtypes recently was developed. This study aimed to establish construct validity by investigating whether the X-Vision ERCP Training System could distinguish experienced endoscopists from beginners and to reveal characteristic mistakes during sphincterotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six staff gastroenterologists that practice ERCP, 10 trainees that perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, and 12 residents without endoscopic experience each sequentially attempted 4 different models, simulating selective cannulation of the pancreatic or bile duct, intubation of differently arranged rubber papillas, stent placement, and sphincterotomy of a biopapilla. Performance parameters were recorded and participants' expectations were compared before and after training to determine whether the simulator was a credible tool for ERCP training. Staff gastroenterologists graded the realism and utility of the simulation. The quality of sphincterotomy was assessed by an expert endoscopist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with ERCP experience had significantly shorter procedure times compared with those with intermediate (P < .001) or no endoscopic experience (P < .001). Total and single credibility scores significantly increased after simulator practice. The faculty found the X-Vision ERCP Training System to be realistic and useful for training. In the less-experienced groups, common mistakes made during sphincterotomy included inadequate positioning of the duodenoscope, traumatic intubation of the papilla, and continued cutting despite insufficient endoscopic view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The X-Vision ERCP Training System distinguished subjects with different levels of experience and was regarded as realistic and useful for ERCP training. Common mistakes during sphincterotomy could be assessed objectively.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Medical Department, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Delius
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meining
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagenpfeil
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burian
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weidenbach
authors.forename: Matthias P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neu
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.forename: Roland M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frimberger
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*