title: In vitro activity of methyl gallate isolated from galla rhois alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of salmonella.
abstract: Salmonella remains a primary cause of food poisoning worldwide, and massive outbreaks have been witnessed in recent years. Therefore, this study investigated the antimicrobial activity of methyl gallate (MG), which exhibited good antibacterial activity (MIC=3.9-125 mg/ml) against all the bacterial strains tested. In a checkerboard dilution test, MG markedly lowered the MICs of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) against Salmonella. The combined activity of CPFX and MG against Salmonella resulted in fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) ranging from 0.0037 to 0.015 and from 0.24 to 7.8 mg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, the FIC index ranged from 0.31-0.37, indicating a marked synergistic relationship between CPFX and MG against Salmonella. Time-kill assays also showed a decrease in the CFU/ml between the combination and the more active compound. Therefore, this study demonstrated that MG and CPFX can act synergistically in inhibiting Salmonella in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Korea.
authors.forename: Jang-Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ok-Hwa
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young-Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: You-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hee-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jong Hak
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Dong-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Yeul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D055670:Medicine, Korean Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C052082:methyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid