title: Unrecognized glucose intolerance is not associated with depression. Screening for Impaired Glucose Tolerance study 3 (SIGT 3).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the metabolic and temporal links in the relationship between diabetes and depression, we determined the association between depressive symptoms and unrecognized glucose intolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 1047 subjects without known diabetes were screened for diabetes or pre-diabetes using the oral glucose tolerance test and for depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 48 years, body mass index 30 kg/m(2); 63% were female, 54% black, 11% previously treated for depression and 10% currently treated; 5% had diabetes and 34% pre-diabetes. Median PHQ score was 2 (interquartile range 0-5). Depressive symptoms did not increase with worsening glucose tolerance, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, family history, exercise, education and depression treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no association between depressive symptoms and unrecognized glucose intolerance. However, it remains possible that diagnosed diabetes, with its attendant health concerns, management issues, and/or biological changes, may be a risk for subsequent development of depression. Thus, patients with newly diagnosed diabetes should be counselled appropriately and monitored for the development of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. mrhee@emory.edu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Musselman
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kolm
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caudle
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Varughese
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose