title: Functionalizable surface platform with reduced nonspecific protein adsorption from full blood plasma--material selection and protein immobilization optimization.
abstract: In this work, zwitterionic polymers are investigated as ultra-low fouling and functionalizable coatings for biosensors, nanoparticle-based diagnostics, and microarrays to enable detections in real-world complex media. The effect of the spacer length between the two charged groups on the nonfouling properties of zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (polyCBAA) was studied in blood plasma and serum. The polyCBAA polymer with an ethylene spacer was selected for protein immobilization studies. A polyCBAA-coated surface was functionalized with antibodies using a simple and fast amino coupling chemistry for direct protein immobilization in two simple steps: surface activation and protein immobilization/background deactivation. The effect of pH was found to be very important for both steps and it was optimized. The functionalized polyCBAA surface exhibited very low fouling properties even when exposed to undiluted blood plasma for more than 6h with <7ng/cm(2) of adsorbed proteins. The biological activity of the immobilized proteins was demonstrated with the detection of a model protein in undiluted blood plasma. A recently developed highly sensitive four-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was used for the evaluation of specific and nonspecific protein adsorption to these surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaisocherová
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piliarik
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Homola
authors.forename: Shaoyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000327:Adsorption; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D011108:Polymers; C533866:poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide)