title: Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: results from a population of older adults in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prevalences and stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evaluate association of CKD with related covariables in a large population of older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional analysis included 9806 participants of a general health check-up aged 50-74 years in Germany. We performed multivariate analysis to identify association of CKD with related covariables. Partial spearman correlations of eGFR with related biomarkers were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 17.4% of subjects had CKD. Prevalences of stages 1, 2, 3, 4/5 CKD were 4.6%, 4.7%, 17.0% and 0.4%, respectively. Prevalence of CKD increased with age and peaked in age 70-74 years with 23.9%. In multivariable analysis of older age, female, self-reported history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and statin usage were independently associated with increased risk for CKD. Significant correlations were found between eGFR and serum cystatin C (-0.28), C-reactive protein (-0.04), fasting glucose (0.12), HbA(1c) (-0.06), total cholesterol (-0.32), and triglycerides (-0.07) after adjustment for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a high prevalence of CKD among older adults. It highlights the association of eGFR with history of cardiovascular diseases, glycemic markers, and cardiovascular risk factors and may point to further possible targets in early prevention of CKD.
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. q.zhang@dkfz-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Qiu-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raum
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stegmaier
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rothenbacher
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003404:Creatinine