title: [Effect of okadaic acid on differentiation of NB4 and MR2 cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes in expression and activity of protein phosphatases type 2A (PP2A ) during differentiation of NB4 and NB4-MR2 cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and evaluate the role of PP2A in MR2 resistance to ATRA.
  
  
  METHODS
  ATRA, okadaic acid (OKA) and ATRA + OKA at the same dosage were incubated with NB4 and MR2 cells respectively. Wright's staining and NBT reduction test were employed to evaluate the change in the cells. The CD11b expression was measured by flow cytometry. The activity of PP2A was evaluated by serine/threonine phosphatase assay system, and the level of PP2A subunits was detected by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) Wright's staining, NBT reduction test and flow cytometry results showed OKA could augment the differentiation of NB4 induced by ATRA, and OKA + ATRA induced slight differentiation of MR2 cells. 2) Phosphatase assay showed a decrease in PP2A phosphatase activity [(534 +/- 43) pmol x min(-1) x microg protein(-1)] in NB4 after ATRA treatment, accompanied with that activity [(959 +/- 83) pmol x min(-1) x microg protein(-1)] in untreated NB4 cells. OKA enhanced the inhibitory effect of ATRA on the activity in NB4. When OKA + ATRA was incubated with MR2, PP2A in the cells was significantly decreased [(229 +/- 23) pmol x min(-1) x microg protein(-1)]. 3) Western blot analysis showed that the level of PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) was decreased during the course of ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation, whereas expressions of every subunits of PP2A in MR2 cells were somewhat unaltered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of PP2A/C and activity of PP2A is decreased during differentiation of NB4 induced by ATRA, and no repression of the PP2 activity maybe related to MR2 resistance to ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Xi-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ou-Yang
authors.forename: Jun-hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pin-hao
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yong-quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019319:Okadaic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2