title: Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor facilitates the regenerative process of injured mice skeletal muscle via the activation of Akt/GSK3alphabeta signals.
abstract: Effects of administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the regeneration of injured mammalian skeletal muscles were studied in male C57BL/6J mice. Muscle injury was induced by injection of cardiotoxin (CTX) into tibialis anterior muscles bilaterally. G-CSF was administrated for 8 consecutive days from 3 days before and 5 days after the injection. Significant decreases of wet weight and protein content were noted in the necrotic muscle with CTX injection. A large number of the regenerating fibers having central nucleus were observed 7 days after the injection. The regeneration of injured muscle was further facilitated by the G-CSF treatment. Population of Pax7-positive nuclei was increased by the G-CSF treatment at day 7. Phospho-Akt and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3alphabeta (GSK3alphabeta) signals were also activated by G-CSF-administrated group during the regenerative process. It was suggested that G-CSF treatment may facilitate the regeneration of injured skeletal muscles via the activation of Akt/GSK3alphabeta signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Shigeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuba
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akema
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Moroe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.forename: Toshitada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; C497322:Pax7 protein, mouse; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; C448021:glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha