title: Case-only study of interactions between DNA repair genes (hMLH1, APEX1, MGMT, XRCC1 and XPD) and low-frequency electromagnetic fields in childhood acute leukemia.
abstract: A case-only study was conducted in 123 patients with sporadic acute leukemia (AL). The locations of electric transformers and power lines were noted in each area, and their distances from the houses of the study patients were measured. The intensities of magnetic fields (B) were measured in 66 cases. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, gender, parental education and occupation, indoor and outdoor pesticides use, presence of television sets, refrigerators and microwave ovens in children's rooms and the presence of chemical factories or telecommunication transmitters within 500 m of the houses. The results of the gene-environment analyses revealed that an interaction existed between the XRCC1 Ex9+16 A allele and the presence of electric transformers and power lines within 100 m (Mean B=0.14 microTeslas, microT) of the houses (interaction odds ratio, COR=4.31, 95%CI: 1.54-12.08). The COR for the interaction of XRCC1 Ex9+16A and the presence of these installations within 50 m (Mean B=0.18 microT) of the houses was 4.39 (95%CI: 1.42-13.54). Our results suggest a possible association between electric transformers and power lines and the XRCC1 Ex9+16A allele in patients with childhood AL.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai XinHua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xingming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chonghuai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C085108:APEX1 protein, human; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase