title: Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in physically active older women: longitudinal associations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between the decrease in bone mineral mass (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values with baseline adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in physically active postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, BMC, BMD and different body composition values were measured in 35 women (age: 69.7+/-6.0 years) before and after a 12-month prospective study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant (P<0.05) decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) (by 2.56%) and BMC (by 1.63%) and increases in adiponectin (by 14.8%) were seen in older females as a result of the study period. The independent variables that were associated with decreases in total BMC were baseline fat mass (FM) and adiponectin explaining 30.6% (R(2)x100) of the total variance. In another model, baseline FFM and leptin were the independent variables that explained 20.6% (P<0.05) of the total variance in the decreases in total BMD value. The variables that were associated with decreases in femoral neck BMD were FM and leptin (R(2)=0.102; P<0.05), while the independent variables were baseline trunk fat:leg fat ratio and adiponectin in the model with decreases in lumbar spine BMD as the dependent variable, and accounted for 13.1% (P<0.05) of the decreases in BMD variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial adiponectin concentration together with specific body composition characteristics predicted loss in BMC and lumbar spine BMD values, while initial leptin concentration together with specific body composition parameters determined the loss in total and femoral neck BMD values in physically active older women.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences Institute of Exercise Physiology and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. jaakj@ut.ee
authors.forename: Jaak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kums
authors.forename: Toivo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin