title: In vivo active aldosterone synthase inhibitors with improved selectivity: lead optimization providing a series of pyridine substituted 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one derivatives.
abstract: Pyridine substituted naphthalenes (e.g., I-III) constitute a class of potent inhibitors of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). To overcome the unwanted inhibition of the hepatic enzyme CYP1A2, we aimed at reducing the number of aromatic carbons of these molecules because aromaticity has previously been identified to correlate positively with CYP1A2 inhibition. As hypothesized, inhibitors with a tetrahydronaphthalene type molecular scaffold (1-11) exhibit a decreased CYP1A2 inhibition. However, tetralone 9 turned out to be cytotoxic to the human cell line U-937 at higher concentrations. Consequent structural optimization culminated in the discovery of heteroaryl substituted 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-ones (12-26), with 12, a bioisostere of 9, being nontoxic up to 200 microM. The investigated molecules are highly selective toward both CYP1A2 and a wide range of other cytochrome P450 enzymes and show a good pharmacokinetic profile in vivo (e.g., 12 with a peroral bioavailability of 71%). Furthermore, isoquinoline derivative 21 proved to significantly reduce plasma aldosterone levels of ACTH stimulated rats.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heim
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: Katarzyna E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schewe
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birk
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D013696:Temperature; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D015363:Quinolones; D002244:Carbon; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2