title: Association of coronary artery disease with polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure, while methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is involved in homocysteine metabolism. As hypertension and elevated homocysteine levels are among the various risk factors for coronary artery disease, the two polypeptides might need to be considered while determining the risk. Our study aimed to assess the association between common polymorphisms in these genes and susceptibility to coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 268 north Indian individuals with coronary artery disease and 90 age-matched controls. The distribution of the genotypes and allele frequencies of both genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the D allele was significantly higher among the patients (62%) than the controls (44%) (p=0.001, odds ratio=2.06). The same goes for the DD genotype (37% vs 21%) (p=0.004). The combined frequency of the D allele carriers was significantly higher among patients of coronary heart disease, with a difference of 20% (85% vs 65%) (p=0.003, odds ratio=3.1; CI: 1.3-7.29). However, the frequency of the T and C alleles, as well as that of the CC, CT and TT genotypes of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that coronary artery disease in north Indian patients is strongly associated with the carrier state of the angiotensin-converting enzyme D allele, but not with the C677T transition in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow.
authors.forename: Ashwin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.forename: Deepshikha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Satyendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Mukesh K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mandakani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Usha Rani
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nakul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008754:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP) / Q000235:genetics*; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D008754:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP); D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A