title: Association between moderate physical activity, spinal motion and back muscle strength in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity levels of postmenopausal women were associated with their bone mineral density (BMD), back extensor strength (BES), severity of thoracic kyphosis and range of spinal motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study adopted a cross-sectional design. 189 female subjects from 50 to 80 years of age were divided into moderately active (n=63) and sedentary (n=126) groups according to their physical activity level, which is measured by the physical activity score. BMD (lumbar spine and hip), BES, severity of thoracic kyphosis and range of spinal motion in the sagittal and frontal plane were measured in each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups differed significantly in the range of spinal motion in the sagittal plane (p = 0.01) (moderately active: 26.9 +/- 10.8; sedentary: 23.0 +/- 10.2), as well as in the right frontal plane (p < 0.001) (moderately active: 27.1 +/- 6.4; sedentary: 23.4 +/- 7.5) and left frontal plane (p < 0.001) (moderately active: 27.6 +/- 6.5; sedentary 23.7 +/- 7.4). There were no significant differences in BMD (active: 0.88 +/- 0.18 g/cm2; sedentary: 0.98 +/- 0.15 g/cm2), severity of thoracic kyphosis (active: 52.9 +/- 12.4; sedentary: 51.9 +/- 11.8) or BES (active: 49.0 N +/- 14.6; sedentary: 46.6 N +/- 15.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that active women had better range of spinal motion than sedentary women, but they did not differ significantly in severity of thoracic kyphosis, BES and BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academy of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland. annamika@interia.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernhall
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mika
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007738:Kyphosis; D007899:Leisure Activities; D055686:Metabolic Equivalent; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013131:Spine