Updating of working memory: lingering bindings.
Three experiments investigated proactive interference and proactive facilitation in a memory-updating paradigm. Participants remembered several letters or spatial patterns, distinguished by their spatial positions, and updated them by new stimuli up to 20 times per trial. Self-paced updating times were shorter when an item previously remembered and then replaced reappeared in the same location than when it reappeared in a different location. This effect demonstrates residual memory for no-longer-relevant bindings of items to locations. The effect increased with the number of items to be remembered. With one exception, updating times did not increase, and recall of final values did not decrease, over successive updating steps, thus providing little evidence for proactive interference building up cumulatively.
Oberauer
Klaus
K
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. k.oberauer@bristol.ac.uk
Vockenberg
Kerstin
K
D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D003210:Concept Formation; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011334:Proactive Inhibition; D011930:Reaction Time; D012718:Set, Psychology; D055815:Young Adult