title: Utility of the Powerball in the invigoration of the musculature of the forearm.
abstract: In order to ascertain the utility of a 250 Hz NSD Powerball gyroscope in increasing the maximum grip force and muscular endurance of the forearm, ten adults without pathology in their upper limbs exercised one forearm with the device during a period of one month. We evaluated grip strength and forearm muscle endurance with a Jamar dynamometer both at the end of the month as well as after a resting period of one month. There was a tendency (not statistically significant p = 0.054), for the volunteers to increase their maximum grip strength. There was also highly significant increase in muscle endurance (p = 0.00001), a gain that remained slightly unchanged after the rest. Because the gyroscope generates random multidirectional forces to the forearm, the reactive muscle contraction is likely to stimulate more efficient neuromuscular contro of the wrist, a conclusion which our work appears to validate. The use of Powerball in forearm proprioception deficient patients is, therefore, justified.
authors.affiliation: Institut Kaplan, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sebastián Axel
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Elias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D004867:Equipment Design; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*