title: Lipopolysaccharide induces autotaxin expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells.
abstract: Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, which converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid involved in numerous biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the present study, we found that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-known initiator of the inflammatory response, induced ATX expression in monocytic THP-1 cells. The activation of PKR, JNK, and p38 MAPK was required for the ATX induction. The LPS-induced ATX in THP-1 cells was characterized as the beta isoform. In the presence of LPC, ATX could promote the migrations of THP-1 and Jurkat cells, which was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gi-mediated LPA receptor signaling. In summary, LPS induces ATX expression in THP-1 cells via a PKR, JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated mechanism, and the ATX induction is likely to enhance immune cell migration in proinflammatory response by regulating LPA levels in the microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D