title: Neurodevelopmental outcome in 2-year-old infants who were small-for-gestational age term fetuses with cerebral blood flow redistribution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age of children who had been small-for-gestational-age (SGA) term babies with cerebral blood flow redistribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perinatal outcome was assessed in a cohort of 97 term singleton appropriate-for-gestational-age and 125 term singleton SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler, stratified according to the presence of cerebral blood flow redistribution. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed prospectively at 2 years of age by means of the 24-month Age & Stage Questionnaire (ASQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 125 SGA fetuses, 25 had redistribution of the cerebral blood flow, and 100 did not. There were no significant differences in perinatal outcome between these two SGA groups. At 2 years of age, children who had been SGA fetuses with middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) < 5(th) centile had a higher incidence of suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcome compared with those with normal MCA-PI (52% vs. 31%; P = 0.049) and a lower mean centile in communication (53.1 vs. 67.4; P = 0.006) and problem-solving (39.7 vs. 47.4; P = 0.04) areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGA fetuses with cerebral blood flow redistribution have a higher risk of subtle neurodevelopmental deficits at 2 years of age. This challenges the concept that fetal cerebral redistribution is an entirely protective mechanism and suggests MCA-PI as a risk stratifying factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, ICGON, Fetal and Perinatal Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eixarch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iraola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Illa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Andrade
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueras
mesh_terms: D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003142:Communication; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills; D011247:Pregnancy; D011340:Problem Solving; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods