title: Ventilation and spontaneous breathing at birth of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the interaction of spontaneous breaths, manual ventilation, and tidal volumes (V(T)) during stabilization of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in the delivery room.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied infants with CDH receiving respiratory support at birth. Airway pressure, flow, and volume were measured, and each breath or inflation was analyzed. Each V(T) was classified as a manual inflation, a spontaneous breath, or a spontaneous breath coinciding with manual inflation on the basis of the timing of the pressure and flow waves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve infants had 2957 breaths suitable for analysis, with spontaneous breathing in 11 infants (92%). The mean (+/-SD) proportion of manual inflations was 41% (+/-24%), spontaneous breaths 43% (+/-25%), spontaneous but coinciding with manual inflation 16% (+/-12%). V(T) was significantly different for spontaneous breaths (3.8 +/- 1.9 mL/kg), spontaneous breaths coinciding with manual inflation (4.7 +/- 2.5 mL/kg), and manual inflations alone (2.6 +/- 1.6 mL/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most infants with CDH breathed spontaneously, and manual ventilation was mostly asynchronous. We observed large differences in tidal volumes between spontaneous breaths, manual inflations, or where these coincided, with manual inflations having the lowest V(T). Monitoring the respiratory pattern of these infants could improve respiratory support.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. A.B.te_Pas@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Arjan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: te Pas
authors.forename: C Omar F
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Kamlin
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013990:Tidal Volume