title: Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey.
abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate and map soil radionuclides' activity concentrations and environmental outdoor gamma dose rates (terrestrial and cosmic) in Kirklareli, Turkey. The excess lifetime cancer risks are also calculated. Outdoor gamma dose rates were determined in 230 sampling stations and soil samples were taken from 177 locations. The coordinates of the readings were determined by the Global Positioning System (GPS). The outdoor gamma dose rates were determined by Eberline smart portable device (ESP-2) and measurements were taken in air for two minutes at 1m from the ground. The average outdoor gamma dose rate was 118+/-34nGyh(-1). Annual effective gamma dose of Kirklareli was 144microSv and the excess lifetime cancer risk of 5.0x10(-4). Soil samples were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy. The average 226Ra, 238U, 232Th, 137Cs, and 40K activities were 37+/-18Bqkg(-1), 28+/-13Bqkg(-1), 40+/-18Bqkg(-1), 8+/-5Bqkg(-1) and 667+/-281Bqkg(-1), respectively. The average soil radionuclides' concentrations of Kirklareli were within the worldwide range although some extreme values had been determined. Annual effective gamma doses and the excess lifetime risks of cancer were higher than the world's average.
authors.affiliation: Cekmece Nuclear Researches and Training Center (CNAEM), Department of Health Physics, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taskin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karavus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topuzoglu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hidiroglu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karahan
mesh_terms: D001417:Background Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D009369:Neoplasms; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012987:Soil; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive