title: A novel glucosylation enzyme: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of Trichoderma viride JCM22452 alpha-amylase and enzymatic synthesis of some flavonoid monoglucosides and oligoglucosides.
abstract: It was found that commercial cellulase preparations from Trichoderma viride showed transglucosylation activity toward (+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) using dextrin as a glucosyl donor. To isolate the enzyme exhibiting transglucosylation activity toward (+)-catechin and EGCG, the present study isolated the cDNA encoding the T. viride JCM22452 alpha-amylase homologue (TRa2), which showed high amino acid sequence identity to functionally uncharacterized alpha-amylase homologues from other ascomycetes, which also produced some (+)-catechin and EGCG glucosides. TRa2 was able to glucosylate a wide range of natural flavonoids, particularly (+)-catechin and EGCG, and to hydrolyze maltooligosaccharides (k(cat)/K(m) for maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose were 1.98, 45.2, 58.3, 97.4, and 92.6 s(-1) mM(-1), respectively) except maltose but could not transfer the monoglucosyl residue to maltooligosaccharides. By (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR, the structures of several novel glucosides obtained by commercial cellulase preparations from T. viride and TRa2 were determined as (+)-catechin 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-catechin 5-O-alpha-D-maltoside, (+)-catechin 4'-O-alpha-D-maltoside, EGCG 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and EGCG 7-O-alpha-D-maltoside. One of these glucosides, EGCG 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, showed higher heat stability and solubility and lower astringency and astringent stimulation than its aglycon, suggesting that EGCG glucosides are functionally superior to EGCG as food additives.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inohara-Ochiai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Harukazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005960:Glucosides; D000516:alpha-Amylases