title: Outcome after spontaneous and arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based studies.
abstract: Spontaneous (non-traumatic) intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has a high case-fatality and leaves many survivors disabled. Clinical characteristics and outcome seem to vary according to the cause of ICH, but population-based comparisons are scarce. We studied two prospective, population-based cohorts to determine differences in outcome [case-fatality and modified Rankin Scale (mRS)] after incident ICH due to brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) [Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS), n = 90] and spontaneous ICH [Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC), n = 60]. Patients with AVM-ICH were younger, had lower pre-stroke and admission blood pressure (BP), higher admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and were more likely to have an ICH in a lobar location than patients with spontaneous ICH (sICH). Case fatality throughout 2-year follow-up was greater following sICH than AVM-ICH [34/56 (61%) versus 11/90 (12%) at 1 year, odds ratio (OR) 11 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5-25)], as was death or dependence (mRS >or= 3) [40/48 (83%) versus 26/65 (40%) at 1 year, OR 8 (3-19)]. Differences in outcome persisted following stratification by age and sensitivity analyses. In multivariable analyses of 1 year outcome, independent predictors of death were sICH (OR 21, 4-104) and increasing ICH volume (OR 1.03, 1.01-1.05), and independent predictors of death or dependence were sICH (OR 11, 2-62) and GCS on admission (OR 0.79, 0.67-0.93). Outcome after AVM-ICH is better than after sICH, independent of patient age and other known predictors of ICH outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Beijnum
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lovelock
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Catharina J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: Rustam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Shahi Salman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000401:mortality*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors