title: Antioxidant and vasodilatory effects of heme oxygenase on mesenteric vasoreactivity following chronic hypoxia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic hypoxia (CH) results in impaired vasoconstriction associated with increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO). We hypothesized that enhanced HO activity minimizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) in arteries from CH rats, thereby normalizing endothelium-dependent vasodilation and concurrently produces carbon monoxide (CO), resulting in tonic vasodilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  ROS were quantified in mesenteric arteries from control and CH Sprague-Dawley rats. Reactivity to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (ACh), and the vasoconstrictor, phenylephrine (PE), were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal ROS levels did not differ between groups and were similarly increased by HO inhibition. In contrast, catalase inhibition increased ROS in CH rats only. Vasodilatory responses to ACh were not different between groups. Combined inhibition of catalase and HO impaired PE-induced vasoconstriction in both groups. CH-induced impairment of vasoconstriction was reversed by either catalase or HO inhibition supporting the protective roles of the HO and catalase pathways following CH. Increased vascular smooth muscle calcium was observed with inhibition in the CH group, suggesting that catalase and HO-derived CO elicit reduced calcium influx, leading to the impaired vasoconstriction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that although the HO pathway is an important antioxidant influence, impaired vasoconstriction following CH appears to be due to effects of ROS and HO-derived CO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sweazea
authors.forename: Benjimen R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000201:enzymology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D000109:Acetylcholine