title: Diagnosis of heart failure.
abstract: The approach to the diagnosis of heart failure is complex, but the diagnostic armamentarium has increased significantly in the past decade. Diagnostic markers such as B-type natriuretic peptide and NT pro-B-type natriuretic peptide have proven value for the diagnosis of heart failure over and above the traditional tools that included only the history, physical examination, and chest radiography. Invasive and noninvasive impedance cardiography can be used to diagnose or even predict development of heart failure, but its role in clinical practice still needs to be better defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA. changam@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Anna Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: Judd E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hollander
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010701:Phonocardiography; D010808:Physical Examination; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014218:Triage; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019210:Troponin I; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain