title: Penile hygiene: puberty, paraphimosis and personal care for men and boys with an intellectual disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supporting men and boys with an intellectual disability (ID) to meet their penile hygiene needs is perhaps one of the least acknowledged but most confronting issues facing care staff. The delivery of intimate hygiene can be a challenging topic particularly as it has been drawn into the emerging sexuality discourse and the ongoing abuse narrative. Compounding this challenge is the lack of guidance in intimate care for support staff. In addition, whereas the male with an ID outnumber the female, female care staff greatly outnumber male staff. Whether this situation affects outcomes for men and boys with an ID is unknown but it is an issue which should be examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper reports data from two separate studies, one quantitative the other qualitative, which sought to explore penile hygiene as a male health issue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show the practice of care staff to be inconsistent, the views and values of care staff to be divergent. Some patterns and contextual differences were identified depending upon the gender of care staff. An emerging dialogue described some of the positive contributions that male staff make to men and boys with an ID.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The penile health needs of men and boys with an ID are being compromised by a lack of guidance, training, knowledge and limited gender-sensitive care.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, the University of Sydney, Centre for Developmental Disability Studies, Ryde, NSW, Australia. macwilsons@optusnet.com.au
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cumella
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Parmenter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stancliffe
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Shuttleworth
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D001494:Baths / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D005260:Female; D052816:Foreskin; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000451:nursing*; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010263:Paraphimosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010413:Penis; D010548:Personal Health Services / Q000379:methods; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011627:Puberty; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult