title: Clinical practice guideline improves the treatment of sickle cell disease vasoocclusive pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is the most common complication of sickle cell disease requiring emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization. A Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to manage acute sickle cell pain offers clinicians a standardized approach for the provision of evidence-based, cost-effective care. After CPG implementation, monitoring of pre-established indicators is a strategy to evaluate progress toward meeting the goal of providing rapid, effective pain relief for patients with acute sickle cell pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of patients with sickle cell disease admitted through the ED at Children's Hospital Boston with the primary diagnosis of vaso-occlusive pain was performed for a period before and after implementation of the CPG. Endpoints measured were: use of a validated pain scale, time from ED triage to first dose of analgesic, use of adequate weight-based analgesic dosing, frequency and location of PCA initiation, and time from ED triage to patient controlled analgesia (PCA) initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred sixty three sickle cell pain admissions in 93 unique subjects were analyzed, 51 pre-CPG and 212 post-CPG. Statistically significant improvements in use of pain scale, appropriate weight-based analgesic dosing, utilization of PCA, and time to initiation of PCA were observed. There was not a statistically significant improvement in the percentage of subjects who received their 1st dose of analgesic within 1 hr; however the median time to first analgesic was reduced significantly from 80 to 65 min (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of a CPG to manage acute sickle cell pain in the ED improves the ability to deliver timely, effective analgesia to this patient population. Establishing and monitoring internal benchmarks provides a means for ongoing evaluation of the pre-established goals for patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Joan O'Brien
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kalish
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Branowicki
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heeney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome