title: Influence of parecoxib (cox-2 inhibitor) in experimental pleurodesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intrapleural instillation of a sclerosing agent produces an inflammatory process frequently followed by pain. The treatment can include the use of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs. Previously, it was demonstrated (experimental studies) that corticoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac) reduce the inflammation and fibrosis produced by talc but not by transforming growth factor-beta or silver nitrate. The objective of this study was to determine whether parecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) affects pleurodesis induced by talc or silver nitrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  140 rabbits received intrapleural injection (2mL) of 400mg/kg of talc or 0.5% silver nitrate. A subgroup of 70 animals received additional daily intramuscular parecoxib (1mg/kg). They were sacrificed at 4, 24, 48, 72h or 7, 14, or 28 days after the procedure. The pleural fluid was quantified; biochemical examinations (glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, and proteins) and immunologic dosages (interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta(1)) were analyzed in pleural fluid and blood. Finally, macro- and microscopic pleura and lung studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation after 28 days demonstrated that parecoxib reduced pleural and pulmonary inflammation but not pleural adhesions. The changes were observed precociously (congruent with 72h) and were more evident after silver nitrate injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic parecoxib injection does not interfere with talc or silver nitrate pleurodesis. These results suggest that use of COX-2 inhibitors can be considered and depending of the results of other studies, recommended in human pleurodesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pleura (Pulmonary Division), Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. lisetepneumo@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Lisete R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Milena M P
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acencio
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonangelo
authors.forename: Natalia P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Evaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010994:Pleura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018700:Pleurodesis / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013627:Talc / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D013627:Talc; D012835:Silver Nitrate; C409945:parecoxib