title: Kidney allocation to liver transplant candidates with renal failure of undetermined etiology: role of percutaneous renal biopsy.
abstract: The feasibility, value and risk of percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) in liver transplant candidates with renal failure are unknown. PRB was performed on 44 liver transplant candidates with renal failure of undetermined etiology and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <40 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (n = 37) or on renal replacement therapy (RRT) (n = 7). Patients with >or=30% interstitial fibrosis (IF), >or=40% global glomerulosclerosis (gGS) and/or diffuse glomerulonephritis were approved for simultaneous-liver-kidney (SLK) transplantation. Prebiopsy GFR, urinary sodium indices, dependency on RRT and kidney size were comparable between 27 liver-transplant-alone (LTA) and 17 SLK candidates and did not relate to the biopsy diagnosis. The interobserver agreement for the degree of IF or gGS was moderate-to-excellent. After a mean of 78 +/- 67 days, 16 and 8 patients received LTA and SLK transplants. All five LTA recipients on RRT recovered kidney function after transplantation and serum creatinine was comparable between LTA and SLK recipients at last follow-up. Biopsy complications developed in 13, of these, five required intervention. PRB is feasible in liver transplant candidates with renal failure and provides reproducible histological information that does not relate to the pretransplant clinical data. Randomized studies are needed to determine if PRB can direct kidney allocation in this challenging group of liver transplant candidates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Jacksonville, FL, USA. wadei.hani@mayo.edu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wadei
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Keaveny
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Willingham
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gonwa
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014180:Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*