title: Patients with essential blepharospasm and glaucoma: case reports.
abstract: Essential blepharospasm is a facial dystonia characterized by spontaneous, spasmodic and involuntary contractions of the eyelid muscles. In advanced cases, blepharospasm patients develop severe eyelid spasms that render them functionally blind, socially reclusive, and unable to work or care for themselves. Oculoplastic surgeons frequently have to deal with patients with blepharospasm. The decrease in quality of life caused by this pathology drives all the attention to the resolution of the spasms. However, other conditions may be associated with them and must be kept in mind during the ophthalmological examination. Four patients with essential blepharospasm were diagnosed as glaucomatous during their follow-up at the Oculoplastic Service. All of them showed glaucomatous optic neuropathy and corresponding visual field defect and no clinically apparent secondary cause for their glaucoma. Forced eyelid closure may lead to intraocular pressure peaks. These patients with blepharospasm present repetitive and spasmodic eyelid contractions and the intraocular pressure rise observed during eyelid squeezing could be an additional risk factor for glaucomatous damage. Our case series suggest that patients with blepharospasm should be seriously evaluated for glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Plástica Ocular, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. agbnicoletti@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: André Gustavo Bombana
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Leandro Cabral
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zacharias
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Susanna
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matayoshi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans