title: Differential sensitivity of differentiated epithelial cells to respiratory viruses reveals different viral strategies of host infection.
abstract: To address the initiation of virus infection in the respiratory tract, we established two culture systems for differentiated bovine airway epithelial cells (BAEC). Filter-grown BAEC differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions to generate a pseudo-stratified mucociliary epithelium. Alternatively, precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from the bovine airways were generated that retained the original composition and distribution of differentiated epithelial cells. With both systems, epithelial cells were readily infected by bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3). Ciliated cells were the most prominent cell type affected by BPIV3. Surprisingly, differentiated BAEC were resistant to infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), when the virus was applied at the same multiplicity of infection that was sufficient for infection by BPIV3. In the case of PCLS, infection by BRSV was observed in cells located in lower cell layers but not in epithelial cells facing the lumen of the airways. The identity of the infected cells could not be determined because of a lack of specific antibodies. Increasing the virus titer 30-fold resulted in infection of the ALI cultures of BAEC, whereas in PCLS the ciliated epithelium was still refractory to infection by BRSV. These results indicate that differentiated BAEC are readily infected by BPIV3 but rather resistant to infection by BRSV. Disease caused by BRSV may require that calves encounter environmental stimuli that render BAEC susceptible to infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Katherina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goris
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uhlenbruck
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwegmann-Wessels
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Köhl
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niedorf
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewicker-Trautwein
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bals
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bicker
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herrler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology*; D029101:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Bovine / Q000254:growth & development*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000254:growth & development*