title: An update on mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its treatments can contribute to increased mortality rates. The main focus of this review is recent studies on mortality during the last 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search using PUBMED was performed for articles relating to lupus mortality with a specific focus on literature published within the last 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival rates for lupus patients have improved greatly with the ability to treat disease-specific manifestations and infections and to lessen the impact of comorbid conditions. Nonetheless, disparities in mortality rates still exist based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and gender. Cardiovascular disease, infection, and severe disease activity remain common causes of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite advances in the treatment of SLE-associated infection, and renal failure, increased mortality remains a major concern in patient management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors