title: Surgical construction of a novel simulated carotid siphon in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development and preclinical assessment of new endovascular devices necessitate readily available and reproducible animal models. The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo carotid siphon model for testing the properties of covered stents specially designed for the intracranial vasculature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six carotid siphon-shaped devices were created. Six dogs underwent surgery to expose and isolate both common carotid arteries (CCAs). The right CCA origin was ligated and incised distal to the ligation point after temporary constriction of the distal right CCA. The distal left CCA was ligated and incised proximal to the ligation point after the left CCA origin was temporarily clamped. The proximal isolated left CCA was passed through the shaped device and then anastomosed end-to-end to the distal isolated right CCA. Finally, the shaped device was fixed and embedded in the neck. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography was performed at 7 days, 2 weeks, and 1 month postprocedure. All models underwent endovascular interventional simulation. The carotid siphon models were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals tolerated the surgical procedure well. The mean time for surgical construction of the model was 90 minutes. The morphology and endovascular manipulation of the siphon models were similar to those in humans. Stenosis of anastomotic stoma occurred in 2 models, and mural thrombosis of anastomotic stoma occurred in 1 model; however, all models were patent at postprocedural follow-up angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical construction of an in vivo carotid siphon model in dogs with carotid siphon-shaped devices is feasible and potentially useful for testing neurovascular devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiao
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Chun-Geng
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ying-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods