title: Copper deficiency in sheep: an assessment of relationship between concentrations of copper in serum and plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between concentrations of copper in serum and plasma in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of Cu were measured in paired serum and heparinised plasma samples collected from 110 sheep in nine flocks. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether flock or gender had a significant effect on the association between concentrations of Cu in serum and plasma. The individual results for concentrations of Cu in serum were then compared with those from plasma, using correlation and limits of agreement plotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of Cu in serum ranged from 7.3 to 22 (mean 14.0) micromol/L, while concentrations in plasma ranged from 9 to 27 (mean 16.3) micromol/L. On average, concentrations of Cu in serum were 2.3 micromol/L lower than in plasma. Over the range of values seen in this study, concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum were significantly correlated (r=0.89), and mean concentrations in serum were 87% of those in plasma. There was no effect of flock or gender on the relationship between concentrations of Cu in serum and plasma. Despite the significant correlation, there was marked variability between individual samples in the proportion of Cu that was lost during clotting, with the 95% limits of agreement for serum Cu ranging from 70 to 104% of the plasma concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in cattle, the individual variability in the loss of Cu during clotting in sheep is too great for concentration of Cu in serum to be used as a substitute for that in plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When assessing the blood Cu pool as part of the diagnosis of Cu-responsive disease in sheep, the concentration of Cu in plasma should be measured in preference to that of serum. We suggest that a range of 4.5 to 9 micromol/L in plasma be used to define marginal Cu status in sheep.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. r.laven@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: Ra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laven
authors.forename: Sl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood*; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003300:Copper