title: Alcohol use before and during pregnancy in western Washington, 1989-2004: implications for the prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined trends in rates of self-reported pregnancy alcohol use among women in western Washington.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 2004, we conducted 3 studies in western Washington State on problems that are associated with maternal prenatal alcohol or drug abuse (n = 12,526). To determine study eligibility, we screened hospitalized postpartum women for alcohol and drug use in the month before and during pregnancy. We examined trends in alcohol use rates and identified characteristics that were associated with any drinking and binge drinking (> or = 5 drinks on any occasion).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a substantial decrease in pregnancy alcohol use between 1989 and 2004 (from 30-12%) across almost all demographic categories. Binge drinking in the month before pregnancy increased significantly among all race categories, except Native American.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased prepregnancy binge drinking rates may estimate alcohol use during very early gestation and warrant clinical attention because of the potential for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. granttm@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Therese M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Cara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Ann P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Streissguth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult