title: Ethical principles for hormesis policies.
abstract: At least two major choices have to be made in the ethical analysis of hormesis policies. The first is where to put the burden of proof when it is uncertain whether a particular hormesis effect exists or not. It is argued that the burden of proof will have to fall primarily on those who claim the existence of such an effect. The second issue arises when (positive) hormesis effects of a substance are weighed against negative effects of the same substance. A decision must then be made whether negative effects affecting one person can be outweighed by positive effects on another person or only by positive effects on that person herself. It is argued that risk-weighing for hormesis effects should be individualistic. This would mean that benefits for one person do not automatically outweigh negative effects on another person.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy and History of Technology, KTH, Teknikringen 78, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. soh@kth.se
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research; D014116:Toxicology / Q000941:ethics*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological