title: Detection of herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis, or gingivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpesviruses may be related to the etiology of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) by triggering periodontal destruction or by increasing the risk for bacterial infection. This case-control study evaluated the presence of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus type I (EBV-1), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) in patients with generalized AgP (AgP group), CP (CP group), or gingivitis (G group) and in healthy individuals (C group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival plaque samples were collected with paper points from 30 patients in each group. The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect HSV-1, EBV-1, and HCMV. Bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA-based PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSV-1, HCMV, and EBV-1 were detected in 86.7%, 46.7%, and 33.3% of the AgP group, respectively; in 40.0%, 50.0%, and 46.7% of the CP group, respectively; in 53.3%, 40.0%, and 20.0% of the G group, respectively; and in 20.0%, 56.7%, and 0.0% of the C group, respectively. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected significantly more often in the AgP group compared to the other groups (P <0.005). P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were identified more frequently in AgP and CP groups, and AgP, CP, and G groups had higher frequencies of P. intermedia compared to the C group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Brazilian patients, HSV-1 and EBV-1, rather than HCMV, were more frequently associated with CP and AgP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. anaimbronito@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Ana Vitória
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Imbronito
authors.forename: Osmar Shizuo
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Nivea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maria de Freitas
authors.forename: Roberto Fraga
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Moreira Lotufo
authors.forename: Fabio Daumas
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S