title: Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA and genotype in Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Bangladesh has not been adequately documented. We report HEV RNA and genotype detection in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 82 samples were used; 36 sporadic acute hepatitis (AH), 12 fulminant hepatitis (FH), 14 chronic liver disease (CLD) and 20 from an apparently healthy population (HP) positive for both immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG specific anti-HEV antibodies (anti-HEV). The male/female ratio was 61/21, ages 12-67 (mean 30.4) years. RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and amplified in nt 6345-6490 (ORF2) of HEV. Nucleic and amino acid sequences were determined. Homology comparison between Bangladesh clones and other representative HEV clones and phylogenetic tree analyses were done. Relations between HEV RNA-positivity and clinical factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HEV RNA was positive in 9/36 (25.0%) of AH cases, 4/12 (33.3%) FH, 3/14 (21.4%) CLD and 0/20 (0%) HP samples; total 16/82 (19.5%). Four factors correlated significantly with HEV RNA-positivity (Mann-Whitney U test); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.0229), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.0448), and titers of IgG (P = 0.0208) and IgM (P = 0.0095) specific anti-HEV. The 16 HEV clones were divided mainly into two groups, A and B, including six different cDNA sub-groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HEV RNA was found in sporadic AH and FH and sub-clinical CLD cases, but not in HP. HEV RNA-positivity was significantly related to values of ALT and AST and titers of IgG and IgM specific anti-HEV, with IgM specific anti-HEV showing the most significant relationship. All clones were genotype I, which is prevalent in South Asia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. sugitani@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugitani
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yohko K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Aleemuzzaman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Tian-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Naokazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Koyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shamsuddin M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ishaque
authors.forename: Projesh K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A S M A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Raihan
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012367:RNA, Viral