title: Protective effect of sulfhydryl-containing antioxidants against ischemia/reperfusion injury of prepubertal rat intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion of the tissue are known to play an important role in the basic pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the protective effects of three sulfide-based antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), erdosteine (ERD), and alpha-lipoic acid (LA), on I/R injury of the small intestine tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 100-150 g were divided into five groups (n = 8 for each): control (sham operated), I/R, I/R + NAC, I/R + ERD, and I/R + LA. Intestinal ischemia was provided by occluding the superior mesenteric artery via a special microvascular clamp; ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 3 days were carried out. Ileal specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl contents (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and histological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats subjected to intestinal I/R exhibited an increase in tissue MDA and PCO; the levels could hardly be ameliorated in the treatment groups. SOD and GPx activities were significantly decreased in the I/R group, whereas their reduction was less expressed in the treatment groups. Additionally, the histopathological injury scores of the disulfide-treated groups were lower than those of the I/R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of the sulfhydryl-containing antioxidants used in this study exhibited a significant role in attenuating intestinal I/R injury; however, the outcome of the LA-treated group was significantly marked than that of the others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.forename: Sükrü
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oter
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kul
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ongürü
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sarici
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000601:surgery; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D046468:Sexual Development; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C048498:erdosteine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000111:Acetylcysteine