title: What are terminally ill cancer patients told about their expected deaths? A study of cancer physicians' self-reports of prognosis disclosure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about how physicians discuss prognosis with terminally ill cancer patients. Thus, we sought to obtain cancer physicians' self-reports of their prognosis communication practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey seeking self-reports regarding prognosis communication with their terminally ill cancer patients was mailed to a systematic sample of medical oncologists in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,137 physicians, 729 completed and returned surveys (64% response rate). Median age of respondents was 51 years (range, 33 to 80 years); 82% were men. Respondents had practiced cancer care for a median of 18 years (range, 1.5 to 50 years) and reported seeing a median of 60 patients per week (range, 0 to 250 patients per week). Although 98% said their usual practice is to tell terminally ill patients that they will die, 48% specifically described communicating terminal prognoses to patients only when specific preferences for prognosis information were expressed. Forty-three percent said they always or usually communicate a medical estimate of time as to when death is likely to occur, and 57% reported sometimes, rarely, or never giving a time frame. Seventy-three percent said prognosis communication education was either absent or inadequate during their training, and 96% believed it should be part of cancer care training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical oncologists report routinely informing their terminally ill patients that they will die. However, they are divided in describing themselves as either always discussing a terminal prognosis or doing so if it is consistent with their patients' preferences for prognostic information. Most medical oncologists say they do not routinely communicate an estimated survival time to their patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. cdaugher@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Daugherty
authors.forename: Fay J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hlubocky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011379:Prognosis; D013727:Terminal Care; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States