title: Deficit in brain reward function and acute and protracted anxiety-like behavior after discontinuation of a chronic alcohol liquid diet in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discontinuation of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption leads to a dysphoric state in humans. It is not known if there are changes in brain reward function after the discontinuation of an alcohol liquid in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of withdrawal from an alcohol liquid diet on brain reward function and acute and protracted anxiety-like behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intracranial self-stimulation procedure was used to assess brain reward function, and the elevated plus maze test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discontinuation of chronic, 12 weeks, exposure to a 6.2% v/v alcohol liquid diet lead to a minor deficit in brain reward function and did not increase anxiety-like behavior. Discontinuation of chronic, 12 weeks, exposure to a 10% v/v alcohol liquid diet lead to a pronounced deficit in brain reward function and increased anxiety-like behavior. Two weeks after discontinuation of the 10% v/v alcohol liquid diet, the rats with a history of alcohol dependence did not display increased anxiety-like behavior. Restraint stress increased anxiety-like behavior in the rats with a history of alcohol dependence, but not in the control rats. Brain reward thresholds were assessed during the chronic 10% v/v alcohol exposure period. During this period, there were no differences between the brain rewards thresholds of the alcohol and control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that withdrawal from a 10% v/v alcohol liquid diet leads to a pronounced deficit in brain reward function and acute and protracted anxiety-like behavior in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 100 S. Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rylkova
authors.forename: Hina P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Elysia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Adrie W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeel
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012201:Reward; D012653:Self Stimulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol