title: Satisfaction with bispectral index monitoring of propofol-mediated sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is one of the most complex and lengthy endoscopic procedures, so deep sedation during ESD is indispensable. Our study aims were to determine whether bispectral index (BIS) monitoring is useful in titrating and reducing the dose of the sedative propofol during ESD, and to measure the satisfaction of patients and endoscopists involved in this complex and lengthy endoscopic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial from July 2006 to February 2008. A total of 156 patients, with gastric neoplasm to be treated using ESD, were randomized to two groups. The BIS group (n = 78) was monitored for propofol sedation using BIS, and the no-BIS group (n = 78) was monitored by standard methods only. The two groups were compared by evaluating the doses of propofol administered to patients and the satisfaction scores (scale of 0 - 10) of patients and endoscopists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean dose of propofol used (BIS group vs. no-BIS group, 5.32 mg/kg/hour vs. 4.85 mg/kg/hour; P = 0.10), the satisfaction scores of the patients (9.15 vs. 7.94; P < 0.01) and endoscopists (8.53 vs. 6.42; P < 0.001) were significantly higher with BIS monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring with BIS during the ESD procedure did not lead to a reduction in the dose of propofol required, but did lead to higher satisfaction scores from the patients and endoscopists. A complicated and prolonged endoscopic treatment such as ESD can be carried out with optimal safety, control, and comfort by using BIS to monitor propofol sedation.
authors.affiliation: Tsuyama Central Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama, Japan. imagawa-gi@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morito
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakakihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsugeno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054810:Deep Sedation; D004210:Dissection; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol