title: Volar melanotic macules in a gardener: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Volar melanotic macules are asymptomatic, tan-brown to brownish-black macules found on the palms, fingers, soles, and/or toes of dark-skinned individuals and are infrequently reported in light-skinned individuals. Herein, we report the acquisition of multiple, brownish-black volar digital macules in a 63-year-old white woman and avid gardener that were noted after the onset of pruritic, chronic hand dermatitis over a 10-month period. She was healthy without any medical conditions or medications. No family history of intestinal polyposis or mucosal melanosis existed. At presentation, she had less than 20 brownish-black, 2- to 10-mm irregular macules over the volar aspect of the thumbs and index fingers, left greater than right hand, associated with erythema, scale, and a negative potassium hydroxide examination. In addition, she had melanotic macules of her lips, buccal mucosa, and conjuctiva. No nail or anogenital macules were found. Biopsy demonstrated a region of epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and interface dermatitis associated with melanophages and sparse lymphocytic infiltrate. Melanin staining revealed diffuse pan-epidermal hypermelanization, dermal melanin, and dendritic melanocytes, which expressed HMB-45. After 1-year follow-up and treatment with topical corticosteroid, the volar macules have faded to tan brown. Based on the location, avocation, and coexisting mucosal melanotic macules, an irritant phytodermatitis with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was diagnosed in the setting of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome-a disorder denoted by macular hyperpigmentation of nail, volar, and/or mucosal surfaces in healthy adults. Volar melanotic macules can also complicate 5-flourouracil therapy, tinea pedis, and other inflammatory disorders; be associated with acral melanomas; or represent a cutaneous manifestation of systemic disease such as Addison disease, Peutz-Jegher syndrome, Leopard syndrome, Carney syndrome, AIDS, and neurofibromatosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Albany Medical College MC-81, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Jessin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blossom
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altmayer
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slominski
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D051639:Gardening; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008548:Melanosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D053401:Palmar Plate / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones