title: Expression of soluble triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells-1 in pleural effusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) proteins are a family of cell surface receptors expressed broadly by cells of the myeloid lineage. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in pleural effusions, and to determine the effects of pneumonia on pleural sTREM-1 concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pleural fluid was collected from 109 patients who presented to the respiratory institute (35 with malignant pleural effusion, 31 with tuberculous pleural effusion, 21 with bacterial pleural effusion, and 22 with transudate). The concentrations of sTREM-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were determined in effusion and serum samples by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of sTREM-1 in bacterial pleural effusion were significantly higher than those in malignant, tuberculous, and transudative groups (all P < 0.001). An sTREM-1 cutoff value of 768.1 ng/L had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 93%. Pleural sTREM-1 levels were positively correlated with levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Patients with complicating bacterial pneumonia did not have elevated concentration of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion when compared with patients without pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of pleural sTREM-1 may improve the ability of clinicians to differentiate pleural effusion patients of bacterial origin from those with other etiologies. The occurrence of bacterial pneumonia did not affect pleural sTREM-1 concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huan-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qiu-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yan-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yi-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha