title: Crouzon's syndrome: tooth morphological and microanalytical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the morphological and microanalytical structure of teeth in Crouzon's Syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21 year old patient with this condition was evaluated to demonstrate tooth morphology in this syndrome. Assessment of 4 teeth from this patient consisted of morphological analysis in SEM as well as microanalysis of elements. Sections were created in order to assess any defects of the enamel, dentine, root, and any demineralisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micro-analysis using x-ray techniques revealed lower levels of calcium and magnesium from this patient with Crouzon's as compared with samples from a normal healthy patient of comparable age. Furthermore, in the subject's teeth notable amounts of lead were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histological images revealed morphological abnormalities especially in dentine. Furthermore, in the dentine levels of calcium and magnesium were lowered according to the microanalytical tests.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Histology, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Kopernika 7. Poland. tomunow@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawlicki
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Knychalska-Karwan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darczuk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007854:Lead; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium