title: The syndrome of functional memory disorder: definition, etiology, and natural course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonorganic, functional memory disorder (FMD) is frequent in memory clinic patients, and is an important differential diagnosis to prodromal dementia. The authors propose a definition of FMD as an acquired medical and psychological condition that is closely related to psychosocial burden and distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective follow-up study, aimed to evaluate the natural course of FMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital memory clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients who suffered memory deficits and psychological distress and had normal test results. Forty-six attended a follow-up examination after a mean delay of 20.1 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  FMD severity was assessed with a structured inventory and an overall self-rating scale. Objective performance was assessed by standardized tests of memory and attention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Identified causes of distress were overwork, interpersonal conflicts, somatic illness, adjustment disorder, dysthymia, and Alzheimer phobia. At follow-up, FMD had resolved in only six patients, and persisted in 39. Average symptom severity showed only a minor reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMD is, in many instances, a long-term rather than transient problem. Possible reasons include the persistence of burden factors and the failure to evade the "stress spiral" of mutual reinforcement of distress and cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Memory Clinic, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology Freiburg, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. klaus.schmidtke@og.ortenau-klinikum.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidtke
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metternich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome