title: Effects of midazolam on acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion memory in rats.
abstract: Some intravenous anesthetic agents such as midazolam are known to induce anterograde and retrograde amnesia. We analyzed the effect of midazolam by the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) acquisition and retention. After the rats were offered 0.1% sodium saccharin (Sac) as conditioned stimulus (CS), an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of several concentrations (5-30mg/kg) of midazolam was followed by an i.p. injection of 0.15M LiCl (2% of body weight) as unconditioned stimulus (US). The rats, which acquired CTA by every CS-US paradigm, strongly avoided Sac on the 1st test day after conditioning and maintained the avoidance for 3 days. We have already reported that Sac intake abruptly increased on the 2nd test day and the almost complete extinction occurred on the 3rd test day after conditioning by injection of subhypnotic dose of propofol before LiCl-injection. In contrast, we found that subhypnotic dose of midazolam suppressed not only CTA acquisition, but also CTA retention. On the other hand, an alpha2-adrenergic blocker, yohimbin (1mg/kg) suppressed only the CTA retention. These results suggest that the subhypnotic doses of midazolam firstly affect the acquisition mechanism of the CTA memory (CTAM), resulting the suppression of the retention of CTAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Care Dentistry, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan. ishitobi@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishitobi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayuse
authors.forename: Harushi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018757:GABA Modulators; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D015016:Yohimbine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008874:Midazolam; D009638:Norepinephrine