title: Antagonistic effects of doublecortin and MARK2/Par-1 in the developing cerebral cortex.
abstract: Abnormal neuronal migration is manifested in brain malformations such as lissencephaly. The impairment in coordinated cell motility likely reflects a faulty mechanism of cell polarization or coupling between polarization and movement. Here we report on the relationship between the polarity kinase MARK2/Par-1 and its substrate, the well-known lissencephaly-associated gene doublecortin (DCX), during cortical radial migration. We have previously shown using in utero electroporation that reduced MARK2 levels resulted in multipolar neurons stalled at the intermediate zone border, similar to the phenotype observed in the case of DCX silencing. However, whereas reduced MARK2 stabilized microtubules, we show here that knock-down of DCX increased microtubule dynamics. This led to the hypothesis that simultaneous reduction may alleviate the phenotype. Coreduction of MARK2 and DCX resulted in a partial restoration of the normal neuronal migration phenotype in vivo. The kinetic behavior of the centrosomes reflected the different molecular mechanisms activated when either protein was reduced. In the case of reducing MARK2 processive motility of the centrosome was hindered, whereas when DCX was reduced, centrosomes moved quickly but bidirectionally. Our results stress the necessity for successful coupling between the polarity pathway and cytoplasmic dynein-dependent activities for proper neuronal migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sapir
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shmueli
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timm
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elbaum
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mandelkow
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D054082:Lissencephaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C000714847:Dcx protein, mouse; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C122043:Mark2 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004398:Dyneins