title: Clinical and radiographic characteristics of single-tooth replacements preceded by local ridge augmentation: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess in a randomized-clinical trial the influence of three augmentation techniques (chinbone with or without a Bio-Gide membrane and Bio-Oss with a Bio-Gide membrane) on the clinical and radiographic characteristics of hard and soft tissues around implants and adjacent teeth in the reconstructed maxillary anterior region, up to 1 year after functional loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients requesting single-tooth replacement and presenting with a horizontal (bucco-palatinal) bone deficiency were included. After augmentation, 93 ITI-Esthetic(Plus) implants were placed. Clinical variables, standardized photographs and radiographs were analysed to assess the impact on the levels of the marginal gingiva (MGL) and marginal bone (MBL) around implants and adjacent teeth, viz at pre-augmentation, pre-implantation (TPI) and 1 (T(1)) and 12 (T(12)) months after final crown placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant survival was 97.8%. No significant differences were observed in the treatment outcomes of the three augmentation modalities. Combining the three modalities, a slight but significant increase in the implants approximal pocket depth was found between T(1) and T(12). Approximal bone loss at the implant between T(1) and T(12) was 0.14 +/- 0.76 mm (mesial) and 0.14 +/- 0.47 mm (distal); the approximal MGL slightly increased (mesial: 0.24 +/- 0.46 mm, distal: 0.25 +/- 0.66 mm), and the buccal MGL decreased (0.11 +/- 0.61 mm). Bone loss at the adjacent teeth, although minor, was significant between TPI and T(1). No correlations were observed in changes of MBL and MGL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the three applied augmentation technique procedures influenced the characteristics of the MGL and MBL or the implant survival of single-tooth replacements. Peri-implant hard and soft tissues were very stable in the first year after loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. l.meijndert@kchir.umcg.nl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meijndert
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Raghoebar
authors.forename: H J A
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vissink
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003442:Crowns; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic / Q000379:methods; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; C077540:Bio-Oss; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008903:Minerals; D003094:Collagen