Regulation of fatty acid uptake into tissues: lipoprotein lipase- and CD36-mediated pathways.
Cells obtain FAs either from LPL-catalyzed hydrolysis of lipoprotein triglyceride or from unesterified FFAs associated with albumin. LPL also influences uptake of esterified lipids such as cholesteryl and retinyl esters that are not hydrolyzed in the plasma. This process might not involve LPL enzymatic activity. LPL is regulated by feeding/fasting, insulin, and exercise. Although a number of molecules may affect cellular uptake of FFAs, the best characterized is CD36. Genetic deletion of this multiligand receptor reduces FFA uptake into skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissue, and impairs intestinal chylomicron production and clearance of lipoproteins from the blood. CD36 is regulated by some of the same factors that regulate LPL, including insulin, muscle contraction, and fasting, in part, via ubiquitination. LPL and CD36 actions in various tissues coordinate biodistribution of fat-derived calories.
Goldberg
Ira J
IJ
Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. iijg3@columbia.edu
Eckel
Robert H
RH
Abumrad
Nada A
NA
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008066:Lipolysis; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D018955:CD36 Antigens; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006728:Hormones; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase