title: Oxidative stress and inflammation, a link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) show a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This seems to be consequence of the cardiovascular risk factor clustering in CKD patients. Non traditional risk factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation are also far more prevalent in this population than in normal subjects. Renal disease is associated with a graded increase in oxidative stress markers even in early CKD. This could be consequence of an increase in reactive oxygen species as well as a decrease in antioxidant defence. This oxidative stress can accelerate renal injury progression. Inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein and cytokines increase with renal function deterioration suggesting that CKD is a low-grade inflammatory process. In fact, inflammation facilitates renal function deterioration. Several factors can be involved in triggering the inflammatory process including oxidative stress. Statin administration is accompanied by risk reduction in all major vascular events in patients with CKD that are considered high-risk patients. These beneficial effects seem to be consequence of not only their hypolipidemic effect but especially their pleitropic actions that involve modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Departement of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. vcara@med.ucm.es
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cachofeiro
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goicochea
authors.forename: Soledad García
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: de Vinuesa
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oubiña
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lahera
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luño
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors