title: Glycodelin A induces a tolerogenic phenotype in monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful mammalian pregnancy requires a delicate immunological balance at the feto-maternal interface that allows the semi-allogeneic fetus to grow, while protecting mother and child from environmental pathogens. As in other mucosal tissues, antigen-recognition and -handling by professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DC) determine the course of the subsequent immune response. DC at the feto-maternal interface help shape this immunological equilibrium. Endometrial tissue secretes high quantities of glycodelin A (GdA) during the so-called fertile window (i.e. the time of implantation of the blastocyst).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of GdA on monocyte-derived DC (moDC) regarding surface marker expression, endopinocytotic activity, cytokine profile as well as lymphoproliferative activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon pretreatment with GdA and subsequent maturation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, moDC displayed a reduced expression of costimulatory molecules, an unchanged major histocompatibility complex-II expression and persistence of DC-SIGN positive cells. GdA-pretreated moDC had a higher endopinocytotic activity, an increased IL-10 production and a dose-dependent reduction in lymphoproliferative activity. GdA incubation alone did not alter the immature phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a model in which the human endometrium secretes high quantities of GdA during implantation and thereby helps to shape the unique immunological interaction between mother and fetus via decidual DC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Innenstadt, Munich, Germany. cscholz@med.lmu.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunnhuber
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rampf
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weissenbacher
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friese
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jeschke
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins; C045246:PAEP protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins