title: Managing acute pain in opioid tolerant patients.
abstract: Managing acute pain in opioid tolerant patients can be a significant challenge. This article will provide an overview of the terminology used when managing acute pain in these patients. This understanding is essential to ensure adequate pain relief while avoiding opioid withdrawal. It is also crucial that these patients are identified and that sufficient peri- and postoperative pain management plans are formulated. This article will present an overview of the terms tolerance, physical dependence and addiction. The literature on the management of acute pain in opioid tolerant patients will be considered. Finally an audit that explores and compares the practises of a group of London hospitals, with regard to managing postsurgical pain in opioid-dependent patients will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College, Healthcare NHS Trust. nicola.bourne@imperial.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid