title: Bacteriology of amniotic fluid in women with suspected cervical insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of mid-trimester microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) in women with suspected cervical insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational cohort study was performed in women with suspected cervical insufficiency and visible fetal membranes who were undergoing amniocentesis to rule out MIAC between 16 and 26 weeks of gestation. Women with preterm premature rupture of membranes, regular uterine contractions, or who had a cervical cerclage were excluded. Gram staining of amniotic fluid, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in amniotic fluid, and aerobic and anaerobic amniotic fluid cultures were performed, along with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen women with a mean gestational age of 22.6 +/- 2.3 weeks were included in the study. The diagnosis of MIAC was confirmed in 47% (7/15), of whom 20% (3/15) were infected with more than one bacterial strain and 33% (5/15) with Ureaplasma species. According to receiver-operator curve analyses, amniotic fluid levels of glucose were associated with MIAC (P = 0.02), but not amniotic fluid LDH (P = 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIAC is present in approximately one half of women with suspected cervical insufficiency and visible fetal membranes at speculum examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Quebec QC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bujold
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: Anne-Maude
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morency
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rallu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Quebec QC.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferland
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Quebec QC.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tétu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duperron
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laferrière
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose