title: Efficacy of infliximab in pediatric Crohn's disease: a randomized multicenter open-label trial comparing scheduled to on demand maintenance therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infliximab (IFX) is efficacious in inducing remission in severe forms of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Adult studies indicate that IFX is also safe and well tolerated as maintenance therapy. The present study aimed to evaluate in a prospective manner the efficacy and safety of IFX as maintenance therapy of severe pediatric CD comparing scheduled and "on demand" treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children with CD (nonpenetrating, nonstricturing as well as penetrating forms, mean age: 13.9 +/- 2.2 years) with a severe flare-up (Harvey-Bradshaw Index [HBI] > or =5, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] >20 mm/h) despite well-conducted immunomodulator therapy (n = 36 azathioprine, n = 1 mercaptopurine, n = 3 methotrexate) combined with steroids were included in this randomized, multicenter, open-label study. Three IFX infusions (5 mg/kg) were administered at week (W)0/W2/W6. At W10, clinical remission (HBI <5) and steroid withdrawal were analyzed and IFX responders were randomized to maintenance therapy over 1 year: group A, scheduled every 2 months; group B, "on demand" on relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 34/40 children came into remission during IFX induction therapy (HBI: 6.7 +/- 2.5 (WO) vs. 1.1 +/- 1.5 (W10); P < 0.001). At the end of phase 2, 15/18 (83%) patients were in remission in group A compared to 8/13 (61%) children in group B (P < 0.01), with a mean HBI of 0.5 versus 3.2 points (group A versus B, P = 0.011). In group A, 3/13 (23.1%) children experienced a relapse compared to 11/12 (92%) children in group B. No severe adverse event occurred during this trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFX is well tolerated and safe as maintenance therapy for pediatric CD, with a clear advantage when used on a scheduled 2-month basis compared to an "on demand" basis.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Paris, France. frank.ruemmele@nck.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ruemmele
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lachaux
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cézard
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morali
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maurage
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Giniès
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lamireau
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaillon
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000069285:Infliximab