title: Posterior fixation and fusion with atlas pedicle screw system for upper cervical diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of atlas pedicle screws system fixation and fusion for the treatment of upper cervical diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three consecutive patients with upper cervical disorders requiring stabilization, including 19 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation (4 congenital odontoid disconnections, 6 old odontoid fractures, 4 fresh odontoid fractures of Aderson II C, 3 ruptures of the C(1) transverse ligament, and 2 fractures of C(1)), 2 cases of C2 tumor (instability after the resection of the tumors), and 2 giant neurilemomas of C(2)-C(3)(instability after resection of the tumors), were treated by posterior fixation and fusion with the atlas pedicle screw system, in which the screws were inserted through the posterior arch of C1. The operative time, bleeding volume and complications were reported. All patients were immobilized without external fixation or with rigid cervical collars for 1-3 months. All patients were followed up and evaluated with radiographs and CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 23 patients, 46 C(1) pedicle screws, 42 C(2) pedicle screws and 6 lower cervical lateral mass screws and 2 lower cervical pedicle screws were placed. The mean operative time and bleeding volume was 2.7 hours and 490 ml respectively. No intraoperative complications were directly related to surgical technique. No neurological, vascular or infective complications were encountered. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months (average 15 months). Firm bony fusion was documented in all patients after 3-6 months. One patient with atlas fracture showed anterior occipitocervical fusion. There was no implant failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior fixation and fusion of the atlas pedicle screw system is feasible and safe for the treatment of upper cervical diseases, and may be applicable to a larger number of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Sheng-jing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang110004, China. lj-1217@163.com
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shao-qian
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009809:Odontoid Process / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome