title: Epidemiology of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States, 1999-2007.
abstract: From 1999-2007, the most common causes of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States, after West Nile virus (WNV), were California (CAL) serogroup viruses, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). The CAL serogroup virus disease was primarily reported from Appalachia and the upper Midwest, SLEV disease from southern states, and EEEV disease from areas along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Children accounted for 88% of CAL serogroup virus disease, whereas 75% of SLEV disease occurred among older adults. The EEEV disease had the highest case-fatality rate (42%). The incidence of CAL serogroup virus and EEEV disease remained stable before and after the detection of WNV in the United States in 1999. The SLEV disease declined 3-fold after 1999; however, SLEV disease has occurred in sporadic epidemics that make trends difficult to interpret. The CAL serogroup virus, SLEV, and EEEV disease are persistent public health concerns in the United States warranting ongoing prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiGuiseppi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Nicole P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001102:Arbovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002494:Central Nervous System Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology