title: Randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic Nissen versus Lind fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of laparoscopic Nissen and Lind fundoplication on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease by means of a prospective randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-one patients were randomized to undergo either Nissen (61) or Lind (60) fundoplication. Initial enrollment and subsequent clinical appointments were undertaken 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure using a standardized questionnaire. Ambulatory pH monitoring and manometry were undertaken both preoperatively and at approximately 3 months post-procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was similar in both groups (44.8 versus 45 min). One operation in the Lind group was converted to open surgery. Postoperative dysphagia symptoms at 3 and 6 months were higher in the Nissen fundoplication group than in the Lind group (3 months p=0.003; 6 months p=0.020). The time taken to return to work was statistically longer in the Nissen group: at 1 month, 9 of 40 versus 2 of 45 patients had not returned to full activities (p=0.013). Three individuals required re-operation in the Nissen group and 4 individuals in the Lind group because of dysphagia caused by mechanical obstruction. Both procedures demonstrated good Visick scores at 12 months; the Nissen group having 33 (97%) patients with a Visick score of 1 or 2, and the Lind group having 38 (100%) patients with a Visick score of 1 or 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both operations provide good quantitative and qualitative control of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Operation time and postoperative comparators were similar in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at 1 year.
authors.affiliation: General/Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Mansoor Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Globe
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ackroyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome