title: Endothelial cell-specific NF-kappaB inhibition protects mice from atherosclerosis.
abstract: Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder of the arterial wall and the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Today, atherosclerosis is recognized as a complex disease with a strong inflammatory component. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway regulates inflammatory responses and has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Here, we addressed the function of NF-kappaB signaling in vascular endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in vivo. Endothelium-restricted inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, achieved by ablation of NEMO/IKKgamma or expression of dominant-negative IkappaBalpha specifically in endothelial cells, resulted in strongly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE(-/-) mice fed with a cholesterol-rich diet. Inhibition of NF-kappaB abrogated adhesion molecule induction in endothelial cells, impaired macrophage recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques, and reduced expression of cytokines and chemokines in the aorta. Thus, endothelial NF-kappaB signaling orchestrates proinflammatory gene expression at the arterial wall and promotes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gareus
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kotsaki
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xanthoulea
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Made
authors.forename: Marion J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gijbels
authors.forename: Rozina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kardakaris
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polykratis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kollias
authors.forename: Menno P J
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Winther
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasparakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C514981:NEMO protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase