title: Positron emission tomography as a diagnostic tool in infection: present role and future possibilities.
abstract: The past decade has witnessed the emergence of yet another promising application of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging in the detection and management of patients with infection and inflammatory disorders. This phenomenon is quite evident when the peer-reviewed scientific literature is searched for on this topic. Among these scientific communications, the 6 conditions in which FDG-PET has demonstrated its greatest utility include (1) chronic osteomyelitis, (2) complicated lower-limb prostheses, (3) complicated diabetic foot, (4) fever of unknown origin, (5) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (ie, AIDS), and (6) vascular graft infection and fistula. On the basis of published literature, orthopedic infections, particularly those related to implanted prostheses and osteomyelitis (including that occurring in the setting of a complicated diabetic foot), can be detected successfully by the use of FDG-PET and, therefore, this modality has great promise for becoming the study of choice in these complex settings. Increasingly, this technique is being used to detect infection in soft tissues, including those representing the sources of fever of unknown origin. The ability of FDG-PET to diagnose vascular graft infection and fistula, even when the anatomical imaging modalities are inconclusive, is of considerable interest to practitioners of vascular surgery. Combined PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging has the potential to determine the sites of infection or inflammation with high precision. The data on the role of PET/CT imaging in the assessment of infection and inflammation is sparse, but this combined modality approach may prove to be the study of choice in foreseeable future for precise localization of involved sites. However, the role of PET/CT may be limited in the presence of metallic artifacts (such as those caused by prostheses) adjacent to the sites of infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chryssikos
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moghadam-Kia
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Torigian
authors.forename: Abass
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alavi
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D053821:Cardiovascular Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18