title: Role of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in human non-small cell lung cancer proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Cigarette smoking represents the major risk factor. Nicotine, an active component of cigarettes, can induce cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis resistance. All these events are mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed on lung cancer cells. We speculate that new insights into the pathophysiological roles of nAChR may lead to new therapeutic avenues to reduce non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumour growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human samples of NSCLC, cell lines and mouse models were utilized in Western blotting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and apoptosis studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human NSCLC tissues expressed alpha7-nAChR. This expression was higher in smoking patients with squamous carcinomas than those with adenocarcinomas and in male smoking patients than in females. All the data support the hypothesis that major expression of alpha7-nAChR is related to major activation of the Rb-Raf-1/phospho-ERK/phospho-p90RSK pathway. alpha7-nAChR antagonists, via mitochondria associated apoptosis, inhibited proliferation of human NSCLC primary and established cells. Nicotine stimulates tumour growth in a murine model, A549 cells orthotopically grafted. The effects of nicotine were associated with increases in phospho-ERK in tumours. Proliferation effects of nicotine could be blocked by inhibition of alpha7-nAChR by the high affinity ligand alpha-cobratoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that alpha7-nAChR plays an important role in NSCLC cell growth and tumour progression as well as in cell death.
authors.affiliation: Lung Cancer Unit, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paleari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catassi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarlo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cavalieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruzzo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Servent
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesario
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cilli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piccardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Granone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003039:Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008954:Models, Biological; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D014403:Tubocurarine / Q000494:pharmacology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: D002038:Bungarotoxins; C579167:Chrna7 protein, human; C579166:Chrna7 protein, mouse; D003039:Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C025154:alpha-cobratoxin; D009538:Nicotine; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D014403:Tubocurarine