Invariant NKT cells reduce the immunosuppressive activity of influenza A virus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice and humans.
Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) presents a substantial threat to public health worldwide, with young, elderly, and immunodeficient individuals being particularly susceptible. Inflammatory responses play an important role in the fatal outcome of IAV infection, but the mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that the absence of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in mice during IAV infection resulted in the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which suppressed IAV-specific immune responses through the expression of both arginase and NOS, resulting in high IAV titer and increased mortality. Adoptive transfer of iNKT cells abolished the suppressive activity of MDSCs, restored IAV-specific immune responses, reduced IAV titer, and increased survival rate. The crosstalk between iNKT and MDSCs was CD1d- and CD40-dependent. Furthermore, IAV infection and exposure to TLR agonists relieved the suppressive activity of MDSCs. Finally, we extended these results to humans by demonstrating the presence of myeloid cells with suppressive activity in the PBLs of individuals infected with IAV and showed that their suppressive activity is substantially reduced by iNKT cell activation. These findings identify what we believe to be a novel immunomodulatory role of iNKT cells, which we suggest could be harnessed to abolish the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs during IAV infection.
De Santo
Carmela
C
MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Salio
Mariolina
M
Masri
S Hajar
SH
Lee
Laurel Yong-Hwa
LY
Dong
Tao
T
Speak
Anneliese O
AO
Porubsky
Stefan
S
Booth
Sarah
S
Veerapen
Natacha
N
Besra
Gurdyal S
GS
Gröne
Hermann-Josef
HJ
Platt
Frances M
FM
Zambon
Maria
M
Cerundolo
Vincenzo
V
D000818:Animals; D055610:Antigens, CD1d / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001119:Arginase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D055610:Antigens, CD1d; C526877:CD1D protein, human; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D001119:Arginase