title: [Effects of norepinephrine on the proliferation and activation of rat hepatic stellate cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the relationship between rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) during liver fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, the expressions of a1 and b2-adrenoceptors in activated HSC were detected. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was adopted to investigate the effect of NE on the proliferation of HSC. Meanwhile, the expressions of collagen-1, transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) and smooth muscle a-actin (a-SMA) in NE-stimulated HSC were detected by RT-PCR. The contents of NE in HSC were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The a1 and b2-adrenoceptors were expressed in HSC. NE markedly stimulated the proliferation of HSC in a concentration-dependent manner (F = 140.464, P less than 0.05). NE induced the mRNA expressions of collagen-1, TGFb and a-SMA in HSC (t= -4.160; t= -8.763; t= -17.651, P less than 0.05). HSC were synthesizing and releasing NE, especially when stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (10 ng/ml) (t= -32.907, P less than 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that HSC are direct targets of NE and HSC are hepatic neuroglial cells that produce and respond to sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, suggesting that interrupting sympathetic nervous system signaling may be useful in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yao-wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-hu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wang-xian
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D009638:Norepinephrine; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat