title: Persulphate challenge in female hairdressers with nasal hyperreactivity suggests immune cell, but no IgE reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the effects of persulphate on the nasal mucosa and on the immune cells in hairdressers suffering from bleaching powder associated rhinitis (BAR) versus subjects with rhinitis not previously exposed to bleaching powder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen hairdressers (S) with BAR, 14 without symptoms (WS) and 12 atopics (A) with rhinitis but without exposure to bleaching powder were studied. Each performed a nasal challenge with persulphates. Effect parameters were symptom score, acoustic rhinometry, albumin in nasal lavage, subpopulations of lymphocytes in blood and specific serum antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S group had a post-challenge increase in nasal symptoms and nasal lavage albumin. The A group reacted to a lesser intent. The S and A groups showed an increase in Th1 cells. An HLA class II cell expression was noticed in both groups of hairdressers. No evidence of a type 1 reaction (immediate type) to persulphate was noticed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persulphate challenge affects hairdressers with BAR, but also atopics. The reaction may be driven by a Th1 cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. kerstin.diab@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Kerstin Kronholm
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Truedsson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albin
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006203:Hair Preparations; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000276:immunology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013431:Sulfates / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000485:Allergens; D006203:Hair Preparations; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; C009007:potassium persulfate