title: Occupational disease among non-governmental employees in Malaysia: 2002-2006.
abstract: In the absence of systematic occupational disease surveillance, other data collected by governmental agencies or industry is useful in the identification of occupational diseases and their control. We examined data on occupational diseases reported by non-governmental employees to the national workers' social security organization in Malaysia, 2002-2006. The overall incidence rate of occupational disease was 2.8 per 100,000 workers. There was an increase in the annual number and rates of occupational disease over time. The most frequently reported conditions were hearing impairment (32%) and musculoskeletal disorders (28%). Workers in the non-metallic manufacturing industry had the highest average incidence rate of hearing impairment (12.7 per 100,000 workers) and musculoskeletal disorders (3.5 per 100,000 workers), compared to all other industries. Preventive measures should focus on safety education, engineering control and workplace ergonomics. Enforcing workplace standards and incorporating an ongoing surveillance system will facilitate the control and reduction of occupational disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru 75150 Melaka, Malaysia. adinegara@manipal.edu.my
authors.forename: Adinegara Bin Lutfi
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Abas
authors.forename: Abdul Razzak Bin Mohd
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Mohammed Azman Bin Aziz
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sathiakumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009790:Occupations; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012307:Risk Factors