title: Simple assessment of cerebral hemodynamics using single-slab 3D time-of-flight MR angiography in patients with cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive diseases: comparison with quantitative perfusion single-photon emission CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visualization of the peripheral arteries on single-slab 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) can reflect blood flow velocity. The velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) may correlate with cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to acetazolamide, which can be used to assess hemodynamic impairment. The goal of this study was to compare the signal intensity of the MCA on MRA versus CVR quantified by perfusion single-photon emission CT (SPECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The signal intensity of the MCA on single-slab 3D time-of-flight MRA was graded according to the ability to visualize the MCA in 108 cerebral hemispheres of 87 patients with unilateral or bilateral cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) steno-occlusive diseases. SPECT-CVR was also calculated by measuring cerebral blood flow before and after acetazolamide challenge. Ten healthy subjects were studied to obtain control SPECT-CVR values. All subjects provided written informed consent before the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVR was significantly lower in cerebral hemispheres with reduced MCA signal intensity than in those with normal intensity (P < .05). When the reduced signal intensity of the MCA on MRA was defined as abnormal, and when a CVR less than the mean--2 SD of healthy subjects was defined as reduced, MRA grading resulted in a 86.2% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity, with 51.0% positive-predictive and 93.2% negative-predictive values to detect reduced CVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple MRA method can assess hemodynamic impairment with a high negative-predictive value.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otawara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020367:Iofetamine; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D020367:Iofetamine; D000086:Acetazolamide