title: Exercise and limitations in physical activity levels among new dialysis patients in the United States: an epidemiologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiologic studies of physical activity among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of physical activity among new dialysis patients in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined associations of self-reported limitations in physical activity and exercise frequency with sociodemographic and clinical variables in 2,264 patients from Wave 2 of the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 56% of patients exercised less than once a week, 75% reported severe limitations in vigorous activities, whereas 42% had severe limitations in moderate physical activities. Fewer limitations in moderate or vigorous activities correlated positively with male gender (odds-ratio [OR] = 1.61), black race OR =1.49), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 2.39), serum albumin (OR = 1.69 per 1 g/L higher), positive affect (OR = 2.33), peritoneal dialysis (OR = 1.90), and negatively with age (OR = 0.67), heart failure (OR = 0.75), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 0.69), malnutrition (OR = 0.67), and depression (OR = 0.39). Patients reporting fewer limitations in moderate or vigorous activities (OR = 1.35 and 1.28, respectively), or frequent visits with a dietitian (2 to 3 times per week vs. less) (OR = 1.21) in the pre-ESRD period exercised more frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitations in physical activity are common among new ESRD patients and these, in part, are related to pre-existing cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, and mental health.
authors.affiliation: Regional Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, Letterkenny General Hospital, Health Services Executive (HSE) West, Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland. Austin.Stack@hse.ie
authors.forename: Austin G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: Bhamidipati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005006:Ethnicity; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044469:Racial Groups; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin