title: Tau phosphorylation at threonine-175 leads to fibril formation and enhanced cell death: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment.
abstract: Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be associated with cognitive impairment (ALSci) as a reflection of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, the basis of this process is unknown. The observation of neuronal and extraneuronal tau deposition in ALSci in addition to a unique tau phosphorylation at Thr175 has suggested that ALSci can be associated with alterations in tau metabolism. We have examined the association between phosphorylation at Thr175 and tau fibril formation. Both soluble and insoluble tau was purified from control, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), ALS without cognitive impairment, and ALSci and the tendency to fibril formation assayed ex vivo using the thioflavin S fluorescence assay. The extent of fibril formation was significantly greater in tau derived from ALSci, with ALS-derived tau being intermediate between control and AD-derived tau. Using both Neuro2A and human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, we expressed full-length tau constructs harboring either a pseudophosphorylation at Thr175 (Thr175-Asp-tau), inhibition of Thr175 phosphorylation (Thr175-Ala-tau) or intact tau (wild-type tau). Both tau fibril formation and cell death were significantly enhanced in the presence of Thr175-Asp-tau, regardless of the tau isoform, suggesting that phosphorylation of Thr175 is associated with tau fibril formation in ALSci.
authors.affiliation: The Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gohar
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Volkening
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leystra-Lantz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Strong
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009454:Neurofibrils / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014404:Tubulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014404:Tubulin; D016875:tau Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020169:Caspases