title: The biochemistry of drug metabolism--an introduction: part 4. reactions of conjugation and their enzymes.
abstract: This review continues a general presentation of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics begun in three recent issues of Chemistry & Biodiversity. The present Part is dedicated to reactions of conjugation, namely methylation, sulfonation, and phosphorylation, glucuronidation and other glycosidations, acetylation and other acylations, the formation and fate of coenzyme A conjugates, glutathione conjugation, and the reaction of amines with carbonyl compounds. It presents the many transferases involved, their nomenclature, relevant biochemical properties, catalytic mechanisms, and the reactions they catalyze. Nonenzymatic reactions, mainly of glutathione conjugation, also receive due attention. A number of medicinally, environmentally, and toxicologically relevant examples are presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Centre (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne. Bernard.Testa@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Stefanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Krämer
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015262:Xenobiotics; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003065:Coenzyme A