title: Early histories of school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: In a prospective study of developmental outcomes in relation to early-life otitis media, behavioral, cognitive, and language measures were administered to a large, diverse sample of children at 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9-11 years of age (N = 741). At 9-11 years of age, 9% of the children were categorized as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on parent report. Compared to the non-ADHD group, the ADHD group had higher (i.e., less favorable) scores on parent and teacher versions of the Child Behavior Checklist at all ages. Children in the ADHD group also had lower scores on cognitive and receptive language measures in preschool. The findings support the concept that ADHD is a cognitive as well as a behavioral disorder.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Loe
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Balestrino
authors.forename: Randall A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurs-Lasky
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chaves-Gnecco
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paradise
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014888:Wechsler Scales