title: Metabolic profiles in goat does in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnant goat does can develop various metabolic diseases during late pregnancy that may have profound effects on their health and productivity, including subclinical pregnancy toxemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate serum biochemical findings in goats in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from 153 clinically healthy goats in the last trimester of pregnancy from 14 herds in central and northern Jordan. Serum was analyzed for the following constituents: 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, cortisol, T3, T4, total calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, using commercially available kits. Goats were classified as having subclinical pregnancy toxemia or as controls on the basis of 3-HB results. Biochemical results were compared between the 2 groups using nonparametric statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three does had subclinical pregnancy toxemia (3-HB>0.86 mmol/L) and 100 were pregnant control does (3-HB< or =0.86 mmol/L). Does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose concentrations (P<.001) and significantly higher urea (P=.042) and total protein (P=.048) concentrations compared with pregnant control does. 3-HB concentration was significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.290, P=.035), phosphorus (r=0.351, P=.01), and cortisol (r=0.394, P=.004) concentrations in goats with subclinical toxemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicate that the biochemical profile of does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose (P < .001) and total protein (P = .048)concentrations, whereas urea concentrations were significantly higher (P = .042) compared with pregnant control does [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid. zuhair72@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Z A Bani
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Majali
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amireh
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Al-Rawashdeh
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006041:Goats; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D014508:Urea; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid