title: Self-reported global function among adult survivors of childhood lower-extremity bone tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult survivors of childhood lower-extremity bone tumors may experience physical and psychosocial late effects that impact physical performance, global function and quality of life. The identification of survivors at greatest risk for poor outcomes will inform potential intervention targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were selected from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a multi-institutional study of childhood cancer survivors. Adult survivors (n = 629) of either childhood onset osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma, with a primary tumor location in the lower-extremity were identified and contacted via mail to complete an additional questionnaire. Participants completed the Reintegration into Normal Living Index (RNL) to evaluate global function (maximum score of 22), daily function (maximum score of 16) and self perception (maximum score of 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survivors reported high levels of global function with an adjusted mean overall RNL index score of 20.6 (SE 0.14), mean daily function score of 15.0 (SD 0.10) and mean self perception score of 5.6 (SE 0.05). While female gender and increasing age were associated with lower RNL scores, the magnitude of difference is of questionable clinical significance. Global function was only moderately correlated with physical performance (r = 0.56) and QOL (r = 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon the RNL index, the vast majority of long-term survivors of childhood lower extremity bone tumors adapt well to their environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While some long-term survivors of lower-extremity bone tumors may report measurable limitations in physical performance and quality of life, the majority do not report moderate or severe difficulties with social integration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. rajaram.nagarajan@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Rajaram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mogil
authors.forename: Joesph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neglia
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Kirsten K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult