title: Epidural anesthesia using a 0,75% ropivacaine and subarachnoid anesthesia with a 0,5% bupivacaine associated or not with clonidine in hemorrhoidectomies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the safety and efficiency of two anesthetic blockages in hemorrhoidectomy and the effect of clonidine on analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 patients were studied, randomly divided into four groups: l (n=19)- peridural with a 0,75% ropivacaine; 2 (n=21)-peridural with a 0,75% ropivacaine and 150 microg of clonidine; 3 (n=19)- subarachnoid with a 0,5% bupivacaine; 4 (n=21)- subarachnoid with a 0,5% bupivacaine and 50 microg of clonidine. The intensity of pain was evaluated by the visual analogical scale 8, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. The use of vasoconstrictors on the transoperatory and the amount of analgesics within the 24 hours were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intensity of pain, 8 hours after surgery, was lesser on group 4, and much lesser on group 4 comparing with groups 1 and 2, 12 hours (p=0,022; p=0,001) and 24 hours (p=0,03; p=0,003). The frequency of vasoconstrictors usage on the transoperatory and the analgesics on the post-operatory showed no difference among the groups. There were no anesthetic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subarachnoid anesthesia with a 0,5% bupivacaine with clonidine, showed better analgesia comparing with the peridural anesthesia with a 0,75% ropivacaine with or without clonidine, however all were safe and efficient. The clonidine aided on the decreasing of pain when subarachnoid anesthesia was used.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Florêncio de Abreu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Danilo Nagib Salomão
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Paulo
authors.forename: Isabel Cristina Andreatta Lemos
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Paulo
authors.forename: Marcos Célio
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brocco
authors.forename: Rafael Rodolfo
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Serafim
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colodeti
authors.forename: Alcino Lázaro da
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003000:Clonidine; D002045:Bupivacaine