title: Smoking and survival among Kentucky women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer: 1995-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether smokers with cervical cancer were more likely to die from cervical cancer compared with non smokers after adjusting for confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based survival analysis was conducted among 2661 women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer and reported to the Kentucky Cancer Registry from 1995-2005 and linked with state vital records and the National Death Index through 12/31/2005. A standard Kaplan - Meier approach was used in this survival analysis and Cox Proportional Hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard [aHR] ratios and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for smoking and survival for all cause and cervical cancer specific cause of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of women diagnosed with cervical cancer (48.6%) were known to be current smokers based the medical record review and reporting to KCR. For another 19.4% no tobacco status was documented (missing) and 32.1% were known non smokers. After adjustment for age and stage at diagnosis, cell type, rural residence, race, insurance coverage, and treatment received, current smoker were 35% more likely to die of any cause (aHR=1.35; 95% CI=1.17-1.56) and 21% more likely to die of cervical cancer (aHR=1.21; 95% CI=1.01-1.46) compared with known non smoking cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data strongly suggest that smoking reduces cervical cancer survival.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA. ann.coker@uky.edu
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: DeSimone
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Eggleston
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopenhayn
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nee
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tucker
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018426:SEER Program; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy