title: [Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with operable primary breast cancer: more benefits than breast-conserving therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the extent to which primary systemic therapy (PST) achieves the main goals in patients with operable primary breast cancer, these goals being breast-conserving therapy and pathological complete remission (pCR), and to evaluate the response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis of 254 patients treated with PST in 2000-2007 in the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, patients with inoperable disease (T4 and/or N3) were excluded. The response was mostly evaluated using contrast-enhanced MRI, whereby the chemotherapy regimen was switched if the reduction in the largest diameter of contrast washout was less than 25%. pCR was defined as no evidence of invasive cancer in the breast and axilla in the resection specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma an increase in breast-conserving therapy was seen in 32% and 17% of patients respectively. The pCR rate was 12% and 2% respectively. Secondary mastectomy because of irradical resection was required in 3% and 50% respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that molecular type, defined on the basis of the expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), i.e. luminal (oestrogen receptor-positive), basal (hormone receptor-negative and HER2-negative) and HER2-positive tumours treated with trastuzumab was the only independent predictor of pCR; 2%, 28% and 35% respectively (p=0.004). In 43 patients the chemotherapy regimen was adjusted because the tumour did not respond sufficiently. A favourable clinical response was observed in 72% (31/43) of these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed increase in the number of breast-conserving therapies after PST was clinically relevant. PST may be more effective when contrast-enhanced MRI is used for interim evaluation, based on which the treatment may be switched. There was a clear difference in histological and molecular types of tumour and therefore the choice of treatment may be adjusted accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Chirurgie, Nederlands Kanker Instituut-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Straver
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Adrichem
authors.forename: E J Th
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rutgers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodenhuis
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Gilhuijs
authors.forename: H S A
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: M T F D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vrancken Peeters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult