title: The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis reveals adaptations for milk utilization within the infant microbiome.
abstract: Following birth, the breast-fed infant gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonized by a microbial consortium often dominated by bifidobacteria. Accordingly, the complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC15697 reflects a competitive nutrient-utilization strategy targeting milk-borne molecules which lack a nutritive value to the neonate. Several chromosomal loci reflect potential adaptation to the infant host including a 43 kbp cluster encoding catabolic genes, extracellular solute binding proteins and permeases predicted to be active on milk oligosaccharides. An examination of in vivo metabolism has detected the hallmarks of milk oligosaccharide utilization via the central fermentative pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Finally, conservation of gene clusters in multiple isolates corroborates the genomic mechanism underlying milk utilization for this infant-associated phylotype.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Graduate Group, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adeuya
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapidus
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rokhsar
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lebrilla
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides