title: Shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition during sensory adaptation of S1 neurons.
abstract: Sustained stimulation of sensory organs results in adaptation of the neuronal response along the sensory pathway. Whether or not cortical adaptation affects equally excitation and inhibition is poorly understood. We examined this question using patch recordings of neurons in the barrel cortex of anesthetized rats while repetitively stimulating the principal whisker. We found that inhibition adapts more than excitation, causing the balance between them to shift toward excitation. A comparison of the latency of thalamic firing and evoked excitation and inhibition in the cortex strongly suggests that adaptation of inhibition results mostly from depression of inhibitory synapses rather than adaptation in the firing of inhibitory cells. The differential adaptation of the evoked conductances that shifts the balance toward excitation may act as a gain mechanism which enhances the subthreshold response during sustained stimulation, despite a large reduction in excitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Jaime E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Yonatan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ganmor
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lampl
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000502:physiology