title: Moulds and ochratoxin A on surfaces of artisanal and industrial dry sausages.
abstract: The use of moulds as a seasoning for sausage can have both desirable and undesirable consequences. The desirable consequences are the creation of a successful product that appeals to consumers. The undesirable consequences are due to the growth of undesirable moulds that produce highly toxic secondary metabolites referred to as mycotoxins. The aim of the paper was to investigate the presence of moulds producing ochratoxin A (OTA) on the surface of sausages from northern Italy. A total of 757 mould strains were isolated from sausage casings. The most frequently identified species were Penicillium nalgiovense, Penicillium oxalicum, Eurotium amstelodami, Penicillium olsonii, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium viridicatum, and Eupenicillium crustaceum. Aspergillus ochraceus was detected in only one production lot. Approximately 45% of these samples were positive for the presence of OTA. On the casings of the investigated sausages, the lowest and highest OTA values were 3 and 18 microg/kg, respectively. The OTA concentration was reduced to below the limit of detection (LOD) by brushing and washing the sausages prior to sale. From these data it appears that the presence of OTA on the surface of sausage (on the casings) is not indicative of any health risk for human consumption of sausage, since OTA was not identified inside the dry meat.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacumin
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boscolo
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantoni
authors.forename: Sandi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orlic
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001235:Aspergillus ochraceus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D055325:Eurotium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A