title: Potential of magnetization transfer MRI for target volume definition in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a magnetization transfer (MT) module in conjunction with a single-shot MRI readout technique and to investigate the MT phenomenon in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as an adjunct for radiation therapy planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 patients with inoperable NSCLC were investigated using a 1.5T MR scanner. MT ratio (MTR) maps of several slices throughout the tumor were assessed. Each MTR-map was acquired within a short breathhold. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) investigations were performed in addition to the MRI protocol. A total of 60 structures appearing conspicuous in FDG-PET were compared with structures appearing conspicuous in corresponding MTR maps. Quantification of similarity between both modalities was performed using similarity index calculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTR-maps showed different contrast than FDG-PET images. However, structures that appeared conspicuous in FDG-PET images, either by a marked signal enhancement or signal decrease, were found to be similarly present in MTR maps. A mean similarity index of 0.65 was calculated. MTR values of suspected atelectasis were on average lower than MTR values of tumor tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed MT-MRI technique provides a high MT efficiency, while being robust and fast enough for breathhold acquisition. The results obtained encourage for further exploration of MT-MRI as an adjunct for radiotherapy planning in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. jsarnold@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Johannes F T
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotas
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pyzalski
authors.forename: Eberhard D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pracht
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flentje
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jakob
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18