title: Positive affect, negative affect, and negative effects during a phenomenological hypnotic assessment within a substance abuse population.
abstract: Positive and negative affect generated while using the Phenomenology of Consciousness--Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP) on a sample of drug and alcohol users were predicted using several variables. The results were then cross-validated on a second, smaller sample. The results suggest that, although some negative affect was reported, the PCI-HAP was more likely to generate positive, rather than negative, affect. Positive affect was related to the vividness of a suggested hypnotic dream during hypnosis and also hypnotic depth; these findings were replicated upon cross-validation. Although negative affect correlated with the Dissociative Experiences Scale scores and falling asleep, these results did not replicate upon cross-validation. Mild transient negative effects (e.g., headache) were reported by about 10% of the participants in a smaller, second sample. Implications of the results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19380-2765, USA. Ronald.Pekala@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pekala
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elliott-Carter
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mullen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013404:Suggestion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires