title: Modulation of the NF-kappaB pathway by Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a cell-associated and secreted adhesin produced by Bordetella pertussis with pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory activity in host cells. Given the importance of the NF-kappaB transcription factor family in these host cell responses, we examined the effect of FHA on NF-kappaB activation in macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells, both of which are relevant cell types during natural infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to FHA of primary human monocytes and transformed U-937 macrophages, but not BEAS-2B epithelial cells, resulted in early activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, as manifested by the degradation of cytosolic IkappaB alpha, by NF-kappaB DNA binding, and by the subsequent secretion of NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory cytokines. However, exposure of macrophages and human monocytes to FHA for two hours or more resulted in the accumulation of cytosolic IkappaB alpha, and the failure of TNF-alpha to activate NF-kappaB. Proteasome activity was attenuated following exposure of cells to FHA for 2 hours, as was the nuclear translocation of RelA in BEAS-2B cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results reveal a complex temporal dynamic, and suggest that despite short term effects to the contrary, longer exposures of host cells to this secreted adhesin may block NF-kappaB activation, and perhaps lead to a compromised immune response to this bacterial pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tzvia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Hassya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kedem
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Relman
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001980:Bronchi; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; C065273:filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin, Bordetella pertussis; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha