Socioeconomic determinants of children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure and family's home smoking policy.
BACKGROUND
Few studies have analysed the impact of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of children's environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at several indoor environments and on family's home smoking policy.


METHODS
Data on 12 422 pre-school children (48% female) from two cross-sectional surveys conducted during 2004-06 in Germany were analysed. Exposure assessment was based on parental report. Independent effects of socioeconomic indicators were determined by mutually adjustment in logistic regression analyses.


RESULTS
Low parental education, unemployment, low household equivalent income, non-German nationality, single-parent family and family size were independently associated with children's ETS exposure at home and in cars. The strongest associations were observed for low parental education [at home: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.46-4.49; in cars: 5.00; 3.84-6.50]. Indicators of material living conditions (relative poverty: 0.48; 0.39-0.57, parental unemployment: 0.55; 0.46-0.65), as well as single-parent family, non-German nationality and family size, but not parental education, were independently associated with ETS exposure at hospitality venues. Smoking households with low parental education, unemployment, poverty, single-parent family and non-German nationality were less likely to have the rule of exclusively smoking on the balcony or terrace. Low parental education and unemployment were negatively associated with no smoking in presence of the child in households with smoking inside the flat.


CONCLUSIONS
Several dimensions of socioeconomic position have to be considered in explanations of social inequalities in children's ETS exposure and family's home smoking policy as well as in development of targeted interventions.
Bolte
Gabriele
G
Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany. gabriele.bolte@lgl.bayern.de
Fromme
Hermann
H
D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution