title: Long-term monensin supplementation does not significantly affect the quantity or diversity of methanogens in the rumen of the lactating dairy cow.
abstract: A long-term monensin supplementation trial involving lactating dairy cattle was conducted to determine the effect of monensin on the quantity and diversity of rumen methanogens in vivo. Fourteen cows were paired on the basis of days in milk and parity and allocated to one of two treatment groups, receiving (i) a control total mixed ration (TMR) or (ii) a TMR with 24 mg of monensin premix/kg of diet dry matter. Rumen fluid was obtained using an ororuminal probe on day -15 (baseline) and days 20, 90, and 180 following treatment. Throughout the 6-month experiment, the quantity of rumen methanogens was not significantly affected by monensin supplementation, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The diversity of the rumen methanogen population was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA clone gene libraries. DGGE analysis at each sampling point indicated that the molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from monensin-treated cattle was not significantly different from that of rumen methanogens from control cattle. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed from samples obtained from the rumen fluids of five cows, with a total of 166 clones examined. Eleven unique 16S rRNA sequences or phylotypes were identified, five of which have not been recognized previously. The majority of clones (98.2%) belonged to the genus Methanobrevibacter, with all libraries containing Methanobrevibacter strains M6 and SM9 and a novel phylotype, UG3322.2. Overall, long-term monensin supplementation was not found to significantly alter the quantity or diversity of methanogens in the rumens of lactating dairy cattle in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. shook@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Northwood
authors.forename: A-D G
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008985:Monensin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D008985:Monensin; D008697:Methane