title: Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determination of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with suspected or known pulmonary hypertension (PH) requires right heart catheterization. Our purpose was to use Doppler echocardiography to estimate PVR in patients with PH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient population consisted of 52 patients (53 +/- 12 years; 35 females) who underwent Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization within 24 hours of each other. The ratio of peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) and right ventricular outflow time-velocity integral (VTI(RVOT)) was measured via transthoracic echocardiography and correlated to invasively determined PVR. A linear regression equation was generated to determine PVR by echocardiography based upon the TRV/VTI(RVOT) ratio. PVR by echocardiography was compared to invasive PVR using Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlation was demonstrated between TRV/VTI(RVOT) and PVR by catheterization (r = 0.73; P < 0.001). However, Bland-Altman analysis showed that agreement between PVR determined by echocardiography and invasive PVR was poor (bias = 0; standard deviation = 4.3 Wood units). In a subset of patients with invasive PVR < 8 Wood units (26 patients), correlation between TRV/VTI(RVOT) and invasive PVR was strong (r = 0.94; P < 0.001). In these patients, agreement between PVR by echocardiography and invasive PVR was satisfactory (bias = 0; standard deviation = 0.5 Wood units). There was no correlation between TRV/VTI(RVOT) and invasive PVR in patients with PVR > 8 Wood units (n = 26; r = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While TRV/VTI(RVOT) correlates significantly with PVR, using it to estimate PVR in a PH patient population cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. rajagopalann@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Suffoletto
authors.forename: Hemal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mathier
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Candales
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014655:Vascular Resistance