title: Safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium extended-release in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches: results of an open-label extension trial in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium extended-release in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches in adolescents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Divalproex sodium has been approved for migraine prophylaxis in adults. A previous double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of divalproex sodium extended-release for prevention of migraine in adolescents was followed by the present long-term extension trial, which was designed to collect additional safety and tolerability data.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 12-month, Phase 3, open-label extension of a 3-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with migraine headaches who had either completed the previous study or had discontinued because of lack of efficacy. Subjects from the previous trial who had experienced serious adverse events possibly or probably related to study drug were excluded. Divalproex sodium extended-release 500 mg daily was administered for 15 days then increased to 1000 mg. Study visits were conducted at days 1 and 15 and months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Safety assessments included adverse event collection, laboratory testing, physical and neurological examinations, vital signs, and electrocardiograms, as well as reproductive endocrine analyses for postmenarchal female subjects. Efficacy was evaluated by sequential 4-week migraine headache rates calculated from subjects' headache diaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 112 subjects enrolled in the trial. The most common adverse events were weight gain (15%), nausea (14%), somnolence (12%), upper respiratory tract infection (11%), increased ammonia (8%), and sinusitis (8%). Five (4%) subjects experienced serious adverse events, and 15 (13%) subjects prematurely discontinued because of an adverse event. Increased ammonia levels were noted in some individuals, and the mean ammonia level for all subjects increased 19.2 microm from baseline. No other clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory values, vital signs, or electrocardiograms. Improvement in mean and median 4-week migraine headache rates occurred by the fourth month and lasted for the duration of the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this long-term open-label extension study, the safety profile of divalproex sodium extended-release in adolescents with migraine was consistent with that observed in the preceding 3-month, double-blind trial and in previous adult studies. Overall, divalproex sodium extended-release was well-tolerated in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.
authors.affiliation: Abbott, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apostol
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pakalnis
authors.forename: Genevieve A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Laforet
authors.forename: Weining Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Robieson
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Walid M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Abi-Saab
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saltarelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018682:GABA Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018682:GABA Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid