title: Discrepancies between cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy in bladder cancer detection after Bacille Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate discrepancies in the detection of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-resistant bladder cancer by cystoscopy, bladder biopsy and urinary cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and August 2006, 127 bladder cancer patients underwent a cycle of eight weekly BCG instillations. Four weeks after the last BCG instillation, urinary cytological analysis and cystoscopy with targeted biopsy in addition to eight-nine selected-site biopsies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsy-proven cancer was found in 11/27 (40.7%), 5/42 (11.9%), and 11/58 (19.0%) of positive, suspicious, and negative cytology cases, respectively. Abnormal and normal cystoscopic findings correlated with a biopsy-proven cancer in 13/53 (24.5%) and 14/74 (18.9%) cases, respectively. The combination of a macroscopic cystoscopic suspicion and a positive cytology missed malignant cases in 15.9% of the cases. In 100 cases without biopsy-proven cancer, the rates of denuded urothelium at biopsy in the cases with positive and non-positive cytology were 7/16 (43.8%) and 16/84 (19.0%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our study, routine biopsy is recommended in the evaluation of BCG treatment, even if the timing, limitations and disadvantages of the procedure should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan. tomohara-jua@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mutsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gondo
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Chietaka
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohmi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakano
authors.forename: Katsusuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hideyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine