title: Associated factors of falls in nursing home residents in Hong Kong and the role of restraints: a cross-sectional survey using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) 2.0.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with falls in non-bedridden nursing home residents in Hong Kong, and to examine whether restraints are protective against falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 1710 nursing home residents, examining factors associated with falls and use of restraints, as documented in the RAI questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vision impairment is highly associated with falls (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.34), whereas older age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05), dementia (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.04), and intake of psychotropics (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.17) were moderately associated. Women were less likely to fall (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.90). Walking with aids and taking more medications were not associated with falls in this population. Restraints were used in 68%. The use of any type of restraint was marginally associated with fewer falls (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men, those with impaired vision, dementia or taking psychotropic drugs were more likely to fall. Restraints are very commonly used in Hong Kong nursing homes. Although their use was associated with fewer falls, their effect on preventing falls could not be established in this cross-sectional study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. jleesw_2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jenny S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Elsie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires