title: Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis responses of human breast epithelial cells to the synthetic organosulfur compound p-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are several studies documenting that organosulfur compounds show promise as anticancer agents. Although some mechanisms of the antiproliferative activity of naturally occurring organosulfur compounds have been elucidated, few studies have reported the differential response of human breast cells to these compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of the synthetic sulfonate ester, p-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate on growth inhibitory activity depending upon the estrogen-receptor (ER), p53, bcl-2 and caspase-3 status of cells was investigated by comparing its effects on three distinct human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453) and on one normal human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This sulfonate ester selectively killed cancer cells at doses of 100 microM. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with p-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate caused different cell cycle responses in the four cell lines but no clear association with p53 status was observed. Apoptosis was also induced in cells harboring different levels of Bcl-2 expression, but again independently of the p53 or ER status of the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that p-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate acts on multiple signaling pathways leading to growth inhibition and activation of mechanisms of cell death selectively affecting survival of breast cancer cells. Thus, p-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate is the first member of a new class of tumor-specific chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et de thérapie génique, Département de biologie, Moncton, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cyr
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langler
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavigne
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; C521355:P-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate; D019311:Staurosporine; D005472:Fluorouracil