title: Pragmatic inferences in high-functioning adults with autism and Asperger syndrome.
abstract: Although people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often have severe problems with pragmatic aspects of language, little is known about their pragmatic reasoning. We carried out a behavioral study on high-functioning adults with autistic disorder (n = 11) and Asperger syndrome (n = 17) and matched controls (n = 28) to investigate whether they are capable of deriving scalar implicatures, which are generally considered to be pragmatic inferences. Participants were presented with underinformative sentences like "Some sparrows are birds". This sentence is logically true, but pragmatically inappropriate if the scalar implicature "Not all sparrows are birds" is derived. The present findings indicate that the combined ASD group was just as likely as controls to derive scalar implicatures, yet there was a difference between participants with autistic disorder and Asperger syndrome, suggesting a potential differentiation between these disorders in pragmatic reasoning. Moreover, our results suggest that verbal intelligence is a constraint for task performance in autistic disorder but not in Asperger syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. j.pijnacker@fcdonders.ru.nl
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pijnacker
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagoort
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Jan-Pieter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Teunisse
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geurts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult