title: Lupus-associated endothelial dysfunction, disease activity and arteriosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its relationship with disease activity and subclinical arteriosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a group of 26 patients with SLE and 21 age- and sex-matched controls. None of the patients or controls had had any ischemic event. Data were recorded on medical history, anthropometrics, prior treatment and the lupus activity index (LAI). Endothelial function was quantified by flow-mediated dilatation in the brachial artery. The presence of subclinical arteriosclerosis was assessed by the average intima-media thickness (IMT) on carotid ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients and the controls had a similar degree of carotid IMT (0.58+/-0.08 mm vs. 0.57+/-0.07 mm, NS) and a similar prevalence of carotid plaque (27% vs. 24%, NS). However, the SLE patients had worse endothelial function than the controls (FMD 12.4+/-4.4% vs. 16.9+/-5.5%, p<0.05). This difference remained after adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-1 and B100 and postmenopausal status. A significant association was found in the SLE patients between FMD and LAI (Spearman Rho -0.462, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLE-associated endothelial dysfunction is present in patients who have no prior ischemic events and with the same degree of subclinical arteriosclerosis as controls. The endothelial dysfunction is significantly associated with the degree of disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Lipids Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. valdivielso@uma.es
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valdivielso
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Doblas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haro-Liger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Nebro
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Chaparro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation