Regulatory T cells (Treg) in rheumatoid arthritis.
Modulation of the T-cell response depends chiefly on regulatory T cells (Treg), which express CD4 and CD25. Some Treg cells are present naturally, whereas others are induced in response to antigens. The immunomodulating effects of Treg cells are mediated by membrane molecules (e.g., CTLA4, GITR, and OX40) and cytokines. IL-35 seems to be a crucial mediator, although IL-10 and TGFbeta are also important. The role for Treg cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established in both patients and animal models. Treg function is deficient in RA, whereas Treg counts vary. Treg counts increase in patients who are responding to TNFalpha antagonist therapy. Among current hypotheses, Treg expansion or transfer may hold promise for the treatment of RA.
Boissier
Marie-Christophe
MC
Inserm ERI18, Bobigny, France. marie-christophe.boissier@avc.aphp.fr
Assier
Eric
E
Biton
Jérome
J
Denys
Anne
A
Falgarone
Géraldine
G
Bessis
Natacha
N
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D053278:OX40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007378:Interleukins; D053278:OX40 Ligand; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C491405:TNFRSF18 protein, human; C089251:TNFSF4 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C532417:interleukin-35, human; D016753:Interleukin-10