title: Role of chloride channels in regulating the volume of acinar cells of the rabbit superior lacrimal gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the outward chloride currents (Cl(OR)) in single acinar cells isolated from the rabbit superior lacrimal gland (RSLG) to investigate the hypothesis that Cl(OR) may have a role in regulating the volume of RSLG acini.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cl(OR) was characterized by using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Confocal microscopy was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and cell volume. Cell volume was altered by superfusing the cells with a hyposmotic solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cl(OR) current contributed 33% of total membrane conductance. With normal osmotic conditions, the Cl(OR) current was activated by [Ca(2+)](i) with an EC(50) of 10(-8) M. A decrease in intracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.8 totally inhibited Cl(OR) current activity. Continuous superfusion of hyposmotic solution caused (1) an increase in cell volume that peaked within 4 minutes and gradually returned to baseline levels after 12 minutes, (2) an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) that peaked between 6 and 8 minutes and gradually returned to baseline levels after 15 minutes, and (3) an increase the Cl(OR) current that peaked within 6 minutes after commencement of perfusion and quickly returned to baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cl(OR) current appears to be triggered by an increase in cell volume and then deactivates within the period of raised [Ca(2+)](i) during hyposmotic stress, suggesting that Cl(OR) may be an initiating event for volume homeostasis. This effect would be important during RSLG tear secretion, which usually involves cell volume changes and is accompanied by intracellular pH changes in the presence of the raised [Ca(2+)](i) to support secretion.
authors.affiliation: Co-operative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Herok
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderton
authors.forename: Donald K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D002118:Calcium