title: Enhancing effects of the chemical adjuvant levamisole on the DNA vaccine pVIR-P12A-IL18-3C.
abstract: DNA-based vaccination is an attractive alternative for overcoming the disadvantages of inactivated virus vaccines; however, DNA vaccines alone often generate only weak immune responses. In this study, the efficacy of LMS as a chemical adjuvant on a DNA vaccine (pVIR-P12A-IL18-3C) encoding the P1-2A and 3C genes of the FMDV and swine IL-18, which provides protection against FMDV challenge, was tested. All test pigs were administered booster vaccinations 28 days after the initial inoculation, and were challenged with 1000 ID50 FMDV O/NY00 20 days after the booster vaccination. Positive and negative control groups were inoculated with inactivated virus vaccine and PBS respectively. The DNA vaccine plus LMS induced greater humoral and cell-mediated responses than the DNA vaccine alone, as evidenced by higher concentrations of neutralizing and specific anti-FMDV antibodies, and by higher concentrations of T-lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-y production, respectively. FMDV challenge revealed that the DNA vaccine plus LMS provided higher protection than the DNA vaccine alone. This study demonstrates that LMS may be useful as an adjuvant for improving the protective efficiency of DNA vaccination against FMDV in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mingxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hongyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Minglan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Guoshun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Leili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kuoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ningyi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D020382:Interleukin-18; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007978:Levamisole; D007371:Interferon-gamma