title: Gastrointestinal microcirculation and cardiopulmonary function during experimentally increased intra-abdominal pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess gastric, intestinal, and renal cortex microcirculation parallel with central hemodynamics and respiratory function during stepwise increase of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory, University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following baseline registrations, CO2 peritoneum was inflated (n = 20) and IAP increased stepwise by 10 mm Hg at 10 mins intervals up to 50 mm Hg and subsequently exsufflated. Control animals (n = 6) were not insufflated with CO2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microcirculation of gastric mucosa, small bowel mucosa, small bowel seromuscular layer, colon mucosa, colon seromuscular layer, and renal cortex were selectively studied at all pressure levels and after exsufflation using a four-channel laser Doppler flowmeter (Periflex 5000, Perimed). Central hemodynamic and respiratory function data were registered at each level and after exsufflation. Cardiac output decreased significantly at IAP levels above 10 mm Hg. The microcirculation of gastric mucosa, renal cortex and the seromuscular layer of small bowel and colon was significantly reduced with each increase of IAP. The microcirculation of the small bowel mucosa and colon mucosa was significantly less affected compared with the serosa (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our animal model of low and high IAP by intraperitoneal CO2-insufflation worked well for studies of microcirculation, hemodynamics, and pulmonary function. During stepwise increases of pressure there were marked effects on global hemodynamics, respiratory function, and microcirculation. The results indicate that intestinal mucosal flow, especially small bowel mucosal flow, although reduced, seems better preserved in response to intra-abdominal hypertension caused by CO2-insufflation than other intra-abdominal microvascular beds.
authors.affiliation: Center for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Linköping, Sweden. pia.olofsson@lio.se
authors.forename: Pia H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Henrik C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Brudin
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vikström
authors.forename: Kenth J M
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000098:blood supply*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011312:Pressure; D013552:Swine