title: Pain perception of patients predisposed to anxiety and depressive disorders in emergency department.
abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of anxiety and depression on pain perception in the emergency setting. This randomized prospective study was performed in an urban tertiary care hospital emergency department (ED). Consecutive patients presenting to the ED with pain who had an intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in study subjects was determined by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A total of 302 patients were included. Study subjects had a mean age of 41.3 +/- 13.7 years and 35.4% (n = 107) were male. Pain perception in women was significantly higher than in men (median 8.5 vs. 5, respectively; p = .033). Pain perception in elderly patients, >/=65 years old, was found to be lower than in patients <65 years old (median 1 vs. 6.5, respectively; p = .02). Anxiety was found to be related to higher pain perception after adjusting for confounding variables (13.8 vs. 7.6, respectively; adjusted p = .022). Gender, age, and anxiety, but not depression, are possible factors related to pain perception in the emergency setting. Further studies are needed to reveal the factors affecting pain perception and the complex relationship between psychiatric status and pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Cenker
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eken
authors.forename: Kerem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Gulsum
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ankun
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eray
authors.forename: Ali Berkant
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Avci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015984:Causality; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology