title: Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease in maternal plasma: direct and indirect study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma could allow performing a non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease (HD). The great advantage of this diagnosis is the absence of risk of fetal loss that it entails.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal plasma from four pregnant women in their first trimester of gestation with a fetus at-risk was studied. In all the four cases, the father was affected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnosis was performed both by a direct study of the mutation and an indirect haplotype study. By the direct analysis, three out of the four fetuses could be correctly diagnosed whilst the indirect analysis was only conclusive in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of HD is possible by the analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Direct analysis of the mutation has shown higher accuracy than the haplotype analysis except for long expansions. Haplotype analysis would need to be improved for the study of Juvenile-onset HD. This diagnostic method would be limited to those couples with an affected male however this situation represents 80-90% of the pregnancies at-risk of HD. Moreover, it could be used as a confirmation test of healthy embryos transferred on pre-implantation genetic studies of HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain. abustamante@fjd.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bustamante-Aragones
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Tiebas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallego-Merlo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez de Alba
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantalapiedra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ayuso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats
chemical_list: C086055:HTT protein, human; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA