title: Reduced GFR and microalbuminuria are independently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: JDDM study 16.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, independent of the effect of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicentre, large-scale cohort including 3002 Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes without macroalbuminuria, the relationship of a reduced eGFR and microalbuminuria with CVD was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those patients, 4.8% had a reduced eGFR and microalbuminuria, 12.7% had a reduced eGFR without microalbuminuria and 18.7% had microalbuminuria but normal eGFR. A reduced eGFR and microalbuminuria were each associated with a doubling of the prevalence of CVD. Compared with patients with no microalbuminuria/normal eGFR [odds ratio (OR) 1.0], the OR for CVD was significantly higher in those with a reduced eGFR without microalbuminuria (OR 1.97) and similarly higher in those with microalbuminuria without a reduced eGFR (OR 1.85). The OR was highest in those with both a reduced eGFR and microalbuminuria (OR 3.97, 95% confidence interval 2.55-6.20). The OR for CVD remained significant after adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin and the duration of diabetes, and remained significant if the cut-off point for microalbuminuria was set at the median albumin : creatinine ratio (13.7 mg/g creatinine). In patients without microalbuminuria, a reduced eGFR was associated with CVD only in the older and male groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduced eGFR and the presence of microalbuminuria were each associated with a near doubling of the prevalence of CVD, independently of traditional CVD risk factors and glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Oishi Clinic, Kyoto, Japan. hiroki@m2,octv.ne.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors