title: The effect of ultraviolet functionalization of titanium on integration with bone.
abstract: Titanium implants are used as a reconstructive anchor in orthopedic and dental diseases and problems. Recently, ultraviolet (UV) light-induced photocatalytic activity of titanium has earned considerable and broad interest in environmental and clean-energy sciences. This study determines whether UV treatment of titanium enhances its osteoconductive capacity. Machined and acid-etched titanium samples were treated with UV for various time periods up to 48h. For both surfaces, UV treatment increased the rates of attachment, spread, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts, as well as the capacity of protein adsorption, by up to threefold. In vivo histomorphometry in the rat model revealed that new bone formation occurred extensively on UV-treated implants with virtually no intervention by soft tissue, maximizing bone-implant contact up to nearly 100% at week 4 of healing. An implant biomechanical test revealed that UV treatment accelerated the establishment of implant fixation 4 times. The rates of protein adsorption and cell attachment strongly correlated with the UV dose-responsive atomic percentage of carbon on TiO2, but not with the hydrophilic status. The data indicated that UV light pretreatment of titanium substantially enhances its osteoconductive capacity, in association with UV-catalytic progressive removal of hydrocarbons from the TiO2 surface, suggesting a photofunctionalization of titanium enabling more rapid and complete establishment of bone-titanium integration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aita
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anpo
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium