title: Association between survivin gene promoter -31 C/G polymorphism and urothelial carcinoma risk in Taiwanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between survivin gene promoter -31 C/G polymorphism and urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk in a Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 190 patients with pathologically confirmed UC and 210 unrelated controls without cancer were recruited at Chiayi Christian Hospital from August 2002 to May 2007. The -31 C/G polymorphism in the survivin gene promoter was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with study subjects carrying the G/G genotype, significantly increased UC risks were found for individuals carrying the C/G genotype (odds ratio 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-4.6) and those with the C/C genotype (odds ratio 4.0; 95% CI 2.3-7.2). Those carrying the C/C or C/G genotype had a significantly increased UC risk of 3.2 (95% CI 1.9-5.2) compared with those with the G/G genotype. Among heavy smokers (> or = 30 pack-years), we found a significantly increased UC risk of 3.8 (95% CI 1.3-11.3) for individuals with the C/C or C/G genotype compared with those with the G/G genotype. Furthermore, patients with UC carrying the C/C genotype had a significantly greater prevalence of muscle-invasive (Stage T2-T4), high-grade (G3), or invasive, high-grade tumor compared with those carrying the G/G genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the -31 C/G polymorphism of the survivin gene promoter is associated with both the clinical tumor stage and the pathologic tumor grade and might be involved in the development of UC.
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Chang-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsiao-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chia-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng-Da
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Cheng-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000077022:Survivin; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D000077022:Survivin