title: Transdermal testosterone may improve ovarian response to gonadotrophins in low-responder IVF patients: a randomized, clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in macaques have indicated that androgens have some synergistic effects with FSH on folliculogenesis. This study investigated the usefulness of pretreatment with transdermal testosterone in low-responder IVF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial including 62 infertile women who had a background of the first IVF treatment cycle cancelled because of poor follicular response. Patients were randomized in two treatment groups in their second IVF attempt. In patients in Group 1 (n = 31), transdermal application of testosterone preceding standard gonadotrophin ovarian stimulation under pituitary suppression was used. In Group 2 (n = 31 patients), ovarian stimulation was carried out with high-dose gonadotrophin in association with a minidose GnRH agonist protocol. The primary end-point was the incidence of low-responder patients. The main secondary outcome was the incidence of patients reaching ovum retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of cycles with low response was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (32.2 versus 71% 95% confidence interval for the difference, 15.7-61.6; P < 0.05). The number of patients with ovum retrieval tended to be higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (80.6 versus 58.1% P = 0.09), the difference reaching statistical significance (81.2 versus 41.1%; P < 0.05) when only patients having normal basal FSH levels (16 and 17 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively) were considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with transdermal testosterone may improve the ovarian sensitivity to FSH and follicular response to gonadotrophin treatment in previous low-responder IVF patients. This approach leads to an increased follicular response compared with a high-dose gonadotrophin and minidose GnRH agonist protocol.
authors.affiliation: Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036- Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fábregues
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peñarrubia
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Creus
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manau
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balasch
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006062:Gonadotropins; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone