Homocysteine and serum lipids concentration in male war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
The evidence of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is accumulating. The present study aimed to determine whether chronic, combat-related PTSD is associated with serum lipid and homocysteine concentrations that could indicate higher CVD risk. The authors tested 66 war veterans with PTSD, 33 war veterans without PTSD, and 42 healthy volunteers for serum concentrations of homocysteine, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides. All the subjects were men and the analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking. Potential influences of depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms on the outcome measures were checked by introducing the scores from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) into the overall statistical model. No differences in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides were found between the groups. Non-smoking PTSD war veterans had higher homocysteine concentrations (mean=10.4 micromol/L, SD=1.7) when compared to non-smoking war veterans without PTSD (mean=8.2 micromol/L, SD=4.0, P=0.014) and both smoking (mean=8.7 micromol/L, SD=2.3, P=0.008) and non-smoking healthy volunteers (mean=8.8 micromol/L, SD=2.2, P=0.021). The results of our cross-sectional study are possibly confounded by many factors, especially behavioral and life-style related which are difficult to control comprehensively and might have influenced serum lipids and homocysteine concentration in a complex manner. An increase in the homocysteine concentration observed in the non-smoking PTSD patients needs further investigation with a carefully designed prospective study to confirm associated, possibly enhanced CVD risk.
Jendricko
Tihana
T
University Hospital Dubrava, Department of Psychiatry, Refferal Centre of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare for Stress-related Disorders, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Vidović
Andelko
A
Grubisić-Ilić
Mirjana
M
Romić
Zeljko
Z
Kovacić
Zrnka
Z
Kozarić-Kovacić
Dragica
D
D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D017523:Croatia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood*; D014728:Veterans; D014857:Warfare
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol