title: Effect of mangiferin on the development of periodontal disease: involvement of lipoxin A4, anti-chemotaxic action in leukocyte rolling.
abstract: Mangiferin is a polyphenol compound obtained from mango and has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We propose to evaluate the influence of mangiferin in preventing and treating experimental periodontitis induced in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontitis was induced in rats by applying a ligature around the lower right first molar. After ligature, groups of animals were submitted orally to the following treatments: saline 10 mL/kg, piroxicam 20 mg/kg or mangiferin 100 mg/kg. On days 1, 4 or 7 after ligature application the alveolar bone loss (ABL) was determined. We evaluated the effect of mangiferin on ABL by histological techniques (alveolar bone loss and cellularity), enzyme immunoassay (lipoxin A(4)), intravital microscopy (rolling leukocytes and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion), zymographic analyses (metalloproteinases, MMPs 2 and 9), immunohistochemistry (PCNA, COX-2 and CXCR4) and toxicology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of mangiferin significantly reduced ABL. We also observed the reduction of cellularity in mangiferin-treated rats. Treatment with mangiferin inhibited COX-2 expression and the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes, while maintaining normal lipoxin A(4) levels. The mangiferin did not interfere in the activity of MMP-2 or -9. The mangiferin-treated rats presented an earlier peak of cell proliferation and augmented angiogenesis in the injured region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential of mangiferin both in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubiao Junior cp. 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roney Rick
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Claudia Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pellizzon
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Justulin
authors.forename: Sergio Luis
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Felisbino
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects*; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D044045:Lipoxins; D044004:Xanthones; C040527:lipoxin A4; D010894:Piroxicam; C013592:mangiferin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2