title: [Osteogenesis and chondrogenesis from a stem cell source].
abstract: Osteoblasts and chondrocytes are most useful cells for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells can also be used after in vitro induction or without any treatment. Meanwhile, ES cells, iPS cells and GS cells become alternative cells for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Cell sources for the regenerative medicine of bone and cartilage should be determined, based on "benefit" and "risk" balance in clinics.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Child Health and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology and Pathology.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umezawa
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akutsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002356:Cartilage; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D013234:Stem Cells; D023822:Tissue Engineering