title: Association of shorter telomeres with coronary artery disease in Indian subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in white people have shown that telomere length, a marker of biological ageing, is shorter in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). South Asian Indians have a high prevalence of CAD, especially premature CAD. We examined the association of telomere length with CAD in Indian subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mumbai, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  238 consecutive patients (aged 29-82 years), admitted to Cumballa Hill Hospital for coronary investigations or treatment and 238 control subjects (aged 30-87 years) from the same area without any clinical evidence of CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean leucocyte telomere length was measured using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay and expressed as a ratio (T/S ratio) of the telomere signal to that of a control single copy gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T/S ratio was significantly lower in CAD cases compared with controls (cases 1.21 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.26); controls 1.33 (1.28 to 1.38); p = 0.0003), equivalent to approximately 166 base pairs. The difference remained significant after adjustment for other clinical characteristics (p = 0.002). There were trends towards longer telomeres in vegetarian subjects compared with subjects on a mixed diet (vegetarians 1.31 (1.25 to 1.38); mixed 1.25 (1.18 to 1.33); p = 0.088) and shorter telomeres in subjects with a positive family history (FH) for CAD (+ve FH 1.25 (1.18 to 1.32); -ve FH 1.31 (1.24 to 1.38); p = 0.094).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects of Indian ethnicity with CAD have shorter telomeres than subjects without such a history. The finding provides further evidence that telomere biology is altered in subjects with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Cumballa Hill Hospital and Heart Institute, 93/95 August Kranti Marg, Mumbai 400036, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouilette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Samani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016615:Telomere / Q000648:ultrastructure*