title: ABO genotype and risk of thrombotic events and hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The non-O alleles of the ABO genotype have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Risk associated with the specific A(1), A(2) or B alleles is not well defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of the ABO genotype with myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and venous thrombosis (VT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from two ongoing population-based case-control studies of MI, stroke, and VT. Cases included hypertensive adults and postmenopausal women with incident non-fatal MI (n = 1063), ischemic stroke (n = 469), and hemorrhagic stroke (n = 91), and postmenopausal women with incident non-fatal VT (n = 504). Controls were frequency matched to cases on age, sex, hypertension status, and year of identification. ABO genotypes were determined using single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and subjects were grouped by diplotype according to the presence of O(1), O(2), A(11), A(2) and B alleles. Logistic regression was used to test the association of diplotypes with risk of each outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with the O(1)O(1) group, the A(11) allele was associated with an increased risk of VT [odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-2.26] and MI (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.05-1.44). The B allele was associated with an increased risk of VT (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.29-2.57) and ischemic stroke (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.17-2.17). The AB diplotype category was associated with a 2.7-fold risk of VT (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.73-4.21). No other associations reached significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VT and MI findings are confirmatory, and the ischemic stroke finding with the B allele is a novel finding and needs replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. kwiggins@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heckbert
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lumley
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System