title: Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004).
abstract: This cross-sectional study examined the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adults with CVDs using data from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Serum 25(OH)D levels were divided into 3 categories (> or =30, 20 to 29, and <20 ng/ml), and hypovitaminosis D was defined as vitamin D <30 ng/ml. Of 8,351 adults who had 25(OH)D measured, mean 25(OH)D was 24.3 ng/ml, and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 74%. The burden of CVDs increased with lower 25(OH)D categories, with 5.3%, 6.7%, and 7.3% coronary heart disease; 1.5%, 2.4%, and 3.2% heart failure; 2.5%, 2.0%, and 3.2% stroke; and 3.6%, 5.0%, and 7.7% peripheral arterial disease. Across all CVDs, hypovitaminosis D was more common in blacks than Hispanics or whites. Compared with persons at low risk for CVDs (68%), it was more prevalent in those at high risk (75%; odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.67), with coronary heart disease (77%; OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.91), and both coronary heart disease and heart failure (89%; OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.58 to 7.84) after controlling for age, race, and gender. In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D was highly prevalent in US adults with CVDs, particularly those with both coronary heart disease and heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Dae Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabour
authors.forename: Utpal N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Whellan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein