title: Antioxidant regulatory mechanisms in neutrophils and lymphocytes after intense exercise.
abstract: The aims of this study were to assess the effects of a swimming session on the peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte pro- and antioxidant system, identify any differences between the sexes and the regulatory mechanisms that might induce the immune cell adaptive response to exercise. Twenty-four swimmers (15 males, 9 females) participated in a one-hour swimming session at 75-80% of their maximal capacity. The session induced neutrophilia and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and ascorbate levels in neutrophils. Malondialdehyde rose in neutrophils in males and females, whereas the carbonyl index only increased in males. Lymphocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in males at baseline and rose as a consequence of exercise. The exercise decreased uncoupling protein-3 and Bcl-2 gene expression. The expression of PPARgamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) correlated positively with that of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and catalase. In summary, a swimming session of one hour at 75-80% of maximal capacity produced oxidative damage in neutrophils and induced the antioxidant defences in lymphocytes. PGC-1alpha and SIRT3 appear to be key effectors of this adaptive response in lymphocytes. Both the neutrophil and lymphocyte response to exercise were slightly weaker in females than males.
authors.affiliation: Biologia Fonamental i Ciencies de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tauler
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; C466093:SIRT3 protein, human; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins; D001205:Ascorbic Acid