Identification of new genetic risk factors for prostate cancer.
There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer (PCa) may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes: MSMB, LMTK2 and KLK2/3. The MSMB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LMTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.
Guy
Michelle
M
Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. Michelle.Guy@icr.ac.uk
Kote-Jarai
Zsofia
Z
Giles
Graham G
GG
Al Olama
Ali Amin
AA
Jugurnauth
Sarah K
SK
Mulholland
Shani
S
Leongamornlert
Daniel A
DA
Edwards
Stephen M
SM
Morrison
Jonathan
J
Field
Helen I
HI
Southey
Melissa C
MC
Severi
Gianluca
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Donovan
Jenny L
JL
Hamdy
Freddie C
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Dearnaley
David P
DP
Muir
Kenneth R
KR
Smith
Charmaine
C
Bagnato
Melisa
M
Ardern-Jones
Audrey T
AT
Hall
Amanda L
AL
O'Brien
Lynne T
LT
Gehr-Swain
Beatrice N
BN
Wilkinson
Rosemary A
RA
Cox
Angela
A
Lewis
Sarah
S
Brown
Paul M
PM
Jhavar
Sameer G
SG
Tymrakiewicz
Malgorzata
M
Lophatananon
Artitaya
A
Bryant
Sarah L
SL
Horwich
Alan
A
Huddart
Robert A
RA
Khoo
Vincent S
VS
Parker
Christopher C
CC
Woodhouse
Christopher J
CJ
Thompson
Alan
A
Christmas
Tim
T
Ogden
Chris
C
Fisher
Cyril
C
Jameson
Charles
C
Cooper
Colin S
CS
English
Dallas R
DR
Hopper
John L
JL
Neal
David E
DE
Easton
Douglas F
DF
Eeles
Rosalind A
RA
D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins; C043076:beta-microseminoprotein; C470798:LMTK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C400147:KLK5 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins