title: Association between reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), it has been suggested that autonomic nervous system dysfunction (NAD) impairs lung diffusion capacity. Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic function, is a sensitive method of detecting NAD. To our knowledge, no previous study has assessed whether cardiac sympatho-vagal balance is associated with lung diffusion capacity in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Type 1 DM patients without pulmonary abnormalities and systemic NAD underwent measurement of lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) by single-breath method and assessment of cardiac autonomic function by HRV analysis on 24-h electrocardiographic Holter recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standard respiratory function tests and peripheral autonomic tests were normal in all patients. DLCO was lower than normal reference values in six patients (30%). DLCO correlated significantly with most HRV variables, independent of the clinical and laboratory variables. The strongest correlation was found with standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN; r = 0.62, P = 0.003) in the time domain and low frequency (LF) power (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) in the frequency domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Type 1 diabetes, a significant association exists between cardiac NAD and reduced DLCO in the absence of clinical respiratory and autonomic abnormalities. Thus, NAD may be involved in the early reduction of DLCO in these patients, possibly through abnormalities in the regulation of pulmonary blood flow at the microvascular level.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Institute, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. dario.pitocco@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitocco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santangeli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaccardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infusino
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Incalzi
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghirlanda
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods