title: Magnetic resonance imaging in Tietze's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Tietze's syndrome which, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve consecutive outpatients with clinical features of Tietze's syndrome underwent evaluation, including the anamnesis, clinical general examination, clinical evaluation of costosternal and sternoclavicular joints (SCJ) and biochemical and instrumental investigations. Twenty normal subjects age- and sex-matched to the patients' group were examined in a similar manner. MRI of costosternal and SCJ was performed using a 1.5 Tesla unit (Gyroscan NT 1.5 Philips, The Netherlands and GE Signa Excite HD, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wis., USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MRI pattern of primary Tietze's syndrome was characterized as follows: enlargement and thickening of cartilage at the site of complaint (12/12 patients); focal or widespread increased signal intensities of affected cartilage on both TSE T2-weighted and STIR or FAT SAT images (10/12 patients); bone marrow oedema in the subcondral bone (5/12 patients); vivid gadolinium uptake in the areas of thickened cartilage, in the subcondral bone marrow and/or in capsule and ligaments (10/12, 4/12 and 7/12 patients respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance is an excellent technique to evidence both the cartilage and bone abnormalities, therefore it represents the elective method in the investigation of primary Tietze's syndrome, due to its high sensitivity, diagnostic reliability and biological advantages thanks to the lack of ionizing radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Department of Clinical and Immunological Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Volterrani
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mazzei
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013247:Sternoclavicular Joint / Q000473:pathology; D013248:Sternocostal Joints / Q000473:pathology*; D013991:Tietze's Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*