title: The effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise rehabilitation programme for patients with the patellofemoral pain syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical setting with home programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention group (strengthening of quadriceps plus strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles) or to the control group (strengthening of quadriceps). Both groups participated in a six-week home exercise protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The perceived pain symptoms, isokinetic eccentric knee extensor, hip abductor and lateral rotator torques and the gluteus medius electromyographic activity were assessed before and after treatment. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the groups before and after treatment with alpha=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the intervention group improved perceived pain symptoms during functional activities (P=0.02-0.04) and also increased their gluteus medius electromyographic activity during isometric voluntary contraction (P=0.03). Eccentric knee extensors torque increased in both groups (P=0.04 and P=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the hip muscles torque in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise programme provided additional benefits with respect to the perceived pain symptoms during functional activities in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome after six weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Theresa Helissa
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Thiago Batista
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Marche
authors.initials: Rde M
authors.lastname: Baldon
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dias Maciel
authors.forename: Rodrigo Bezerra
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Menezes Reiff
authors.forename: Fábio Viadanna
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult