title: Vaccination induced immunity to the hepatitis B virus among high-risk groups in Glasgow 1993-2001: evaluating the effectiveness of the United Kingdom's selective immunisation policy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The United Kingdom has adopted a selective approach to the control of hepatitis B (HBV), vaccinating those at increased risk of infection through lifestyle, occupation or other factors such as close contact with a case or carrier. This paper sought to assess the effectiveness of the targeted HBV vaccination programme, by determining the level of immunity and exposure to HBV infection among three high risk groups (injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexuals attending genitourinary medicine clinics) at three time points between 1993-2001 in Glasgow, Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residual sera from i) IDUs having a named HIV test and ii) MSM and heterosexual men and women attending GUM clinics and undergoing routine syphilis serology testing, were tested anonymously for HBV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of HBV infection remained at a low level in all three risk groups. IDUs continue to be the group at greatest risk of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the implementation of new initiatives targeting high-risk groups, vaccination levels remain low in the populations studied.
authors.affiliation: Halth Protection Scotland, Clifton House, Clifton Place, Glasgow, G3 7LN. Kirsty.Roy@hps.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D055030:Drug Users; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines