title: Knowledge about ionising and non-ionising radiation among medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of patients remain concerned about radiation exposure and the health risk associated to it. A doctor is a person who can answer all pertinent questions regarding radiation and can satisfy their patients. Medical students, who are future doctors, can acquire this capability during their clinical rotation in the radiology department. The study is to assess knowledge, hazards, misconceptions and misunderstanding among medical students regarding equipments using ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was self administered to medical students of a private medical college of Karachi. One hundred and twelve students who had completed their clinical rotation in the radiology department from fourth and final year MBBS class were included in the study. The obtained data was analyzed using statistical software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly 40% of the students accepted that objects in the X-ray room emit radiation after an X-ray procedure and nearly the same percentage agreed that protective measures should be taken while performing an ultrasound and that dangerous radiation is emitted from good quality microwave equipment. Slightly more than one-third students viewed that gamma rays are more hazardous than X-rays while the same percentage agreed that intravenous contrast material used in angiogram is radioactive. Sixty-seven percent students agreed that nuclear material used in medicine is potentially explosive while 18% of students were in the opinion that MRI emits ionizing radiation. Twenty-eight percent of the students believe that a radiologist have a shorter life span as compared to other medical specialist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of medical students in both years have limited knowledge about various aspects of radiation sources, the risk involved and its protection. Better teaching methods and programmes are required for medical students in the subject of radiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. dr_mubeen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Syed Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mubeen
authors.forename: Qamar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nisar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011830:Radiation Effects; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011840:Radiation, Nonionizing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012306:Risk; D012449:Safety; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires