title: The stimulation of CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells pulsed with polyketal microparticles containing ion-paired protein antigen and poly(inosinic acid)-poly(cytidylic acid).
abstract: New adjuvants and delivery strategies are needed to optimize the ability of protein-based vaccines to elicit CD8(+) T cell responses. We have developed a model vaccine formulation containing ovalbumin (OVA) and the double-stranded RNA analog poly(inosinic acid)-poly(cytidylic acid) (poly(I:C)), a TLR3 agonist. OVA and poly(I:C) were each ion-paired to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to produce hydrophobic complexes, which were co-encapsulated in pH-sensitive polyketal (PK3) microparticles (1-3 microm) using a single emulsion method. Loading levels ranged from 13.6 to 18.8 microg/mg OVA and 4.8 to 10.3 microg/mg poly(I:C). Murine splenic dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with PK3-OVA-poly(I:C) microparticles, at antigen doses of 0.01 and 0.1 microg/mL, induced a higher percentage of IFNgamma-producing CD8(+) T cells than DCs treated with PK3-OVA particles or soluble OVA/poly(I:C). A higher antigen dose (1 microg/mL) was less effective, which can be attributed to CTAB toxicity. At the lowest antigen dose (0.01 microg/mL), PK3-OVA-poly(I:C) microparticles also enhanced TNF-alpha and IL-2 production in CD8(+) T cells. These data demonstrate the potential of polyketal microparticles in formulating effective CD8(+) T cell-inducing vaccines comprising protein antigens and dsRNA adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: Sudhir P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kasturi
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bali
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pulendran
authors.forename: Niren
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D011070:Poly I-C