title: Three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted popliteal catheter placement revealing aberrant anatomy: implications for block failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current means of introducing continuous sciatic catheters include nerve stimulation, with or without catheter stimulation techniques. More recently, ultrasound has been utilized to facilitate catheter placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case represents a stimulating catheter-guided continuous block facilitated by three-dimensional ultrasound, which revealed aberrant anatomy with proximal and wide bifurcation of the sciatic nerve with implications for block failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before ultrasound imaging secondary failures were attributed to catheter misplacement or dislodgement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of this case observation, our current practice is to use ultrasound confirmation of the bifurcation of the nerve of all popliteal catheter placements, particularly catheters placed in patients having ambulatory procedures to prevent secondary failure of catheters at home.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Clendenen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Greengrass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*