title: Caudal midazolam does not affect sevoflurane requirements and recovery in pediatric day-case hernioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective, randomized, double-blind study aimed to determine whether caudal midazolam combined with ropivacaine affects anesthetic requirements, recovery profiles, and post-operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day-case hernioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty boys (2-5 years old) received caudal injections of 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg and epinephrine 1 : 200,000 with (RM group) or without (R group) 50 microg/kg of midazolam under sevoflurane anesthesia. The sevoflurane requirement was determined by adjusting to a bispectral index score=50.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of end-tidal sevoflurane (ETsevo%) after induction were similar in both groups. After caudal block, ETsevo% before and after surgical stimuli did not show significant intra- or intergroup differences. Recovery characteristics, including post-operative sedations, were similar in both groups. Post-operative pain scores were significantly lower in the RM group than the R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caudal midazolam (50 microg/kg) added to 2% ropivacaine did not influence sevoflurane requirement or recovery but improved post-operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day-case hernioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea. jenyhongg@hanmail.net
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kil
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013990:Tidal Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D008874:Midazolam