title: Evaluating the working conditions and exposure to abuse of Filipino home care workers in Israel: characteristics and clinical correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Filipino home care workers provide the majority of around-the-clock personal care to frail individuals in Israel. To date, the working conditions as well as exposure to work-related abuse of Filipino home care workers in Israel have not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of 245 Filipino home care workers was conducted to evaluate their working conditions and exposure to abuse as well as their clinical correlates (e.g. burnout as measures by the Maslach Burnout Inventory). This was integrated with findings from interviews with Filipino home care workers, social workers, and family members of care recipients cared by Filipino home care workers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A majority of the workers (88%) reported paying large amounts of money in order to work in the country. Overall, 43% reported being asked to do more than was specified in their job description, 41% reported being verbally abused, and 40% reported not receiving adequate food. Almost half reported work-related injuries. The most consistent predictor of burnout (as measured by the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization scales) was exposure to work-related abuse. Interview data identified system and societal barriers that prevent workers from using the legal system for their protection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study calls for further supervision of this caregiving arrangement. Psychoeducational programs directed towards all stakeholders (e.g. social workers, home care workers, care recipients, and family members of care recipients) are needed.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ayalonl@mail.biu.ac.il
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayalon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D018576:Home Health Aides / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D011287:Prejudice; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult