title: Differences between emergency patients and their doctors in the perception of physician empathy: implications for medical education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conveying empathy is a multi-phase process involving an inner resonation phase, communication phase, and reception phase. Previous investigations on physician empathy have focused on a physician's inner resonation phase or communication phase and not on the patient's reception phase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the perception of physicians' empathy between emergency physicians (EPs) and their patients. The answer to this question will allow us to more fully understand all phases of empathy and will help guide the teaching of how to effectively communicate empathy in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2004 to 2005, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 7 each of EPs, patients, patients' family members and nurses. A phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) When patients expressed their feelings, EPs usually did not resonate with their concerns; (2) Patients needed EPs to provide psychological comfort, but EPs focused only on patients' physical discomfort; (3) Patients needed appropriate feedback from EPs, but EPs did not reflect on whether their patients had received empathy from them; (4) EPs' ability to empathize was affected by environmental factors, which EPs found difficult to overcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPs and their patients perceive the physicians' empathy differently. These findings provide insights into patients' perceptions of their physicians' empathic expressions and provide a framework for teaching physicians how to convey empathy in the emergency department setting.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M-Y F
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013624:Taiwan