title: Novel system for reducing leaching of the herbicide metribuzin using clay-gel-based formulations.
abstract: Metribuzin is an herbicide widely used for weed control that has been identified as a groundwater pollutant. It contaminates the environment even when it is used according to the manufacturer's instructions. To reduce herbicide leaching and increase weed control, new controlled release formulations were developed by entrapping metribuzin within a sepiolite-gel-based matrix using two clay/herbicide proportions (0.5/0.2 and 1/0.2) (loaded at 28.6 and 16.7% a.i.) as a gel (G28, G16) or as a powder after freeze-drying (LF28, LF16). The release of metribuzin from the control released formulations into water was retarded, when compared with commercial formulation (CF) except in the case of G28. The mobility of metribuzin from control released formulations into soil columns of sandy soil was greatly diminished in comparison with CF. Most of the metribuzin applied as control released formulations (G16, LF28 and LF16) was found at a depth of 0-8 cm depth. In contrast, residues from CF and G28 along the column were almost negligible. Bioassays from these control released formulations showed high efficacy at 0-12 cm depth. The use of these novel formulations could minimize the risk of groundwater contamination while maintaining weed control for a longer period.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain. celia@irnase.csic.es
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maqueda
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villaverde
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sopeña
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Undabeytia
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morillo
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D000077215:Clay; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009235:metribuzin; D000077215:Clay