Bioconversion of red ginseng saponins in the gastro-intestinal tract in vitro model studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
A high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (HPLC-FTICR-MS) method was developed to investigate the metabolism of ginsenosides in in vitro models of the gastro-intestinal tract. The metabolites were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Degradation and bioconversion routes of the different ginsenosides at acidic (gastric) conditions and in the presence of intestinal microbiota were elaborated. Besides hydrolysis (deglycosylation) also hydration reactions occurred at acidic conditions. The results illustrate the value of metabolite profiling by HPLC-FTICR-MS for understanding of the mechanisms in bioavailability of herbal drugs and their metabolites.
Kong
Hongwei
H
National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China.
Wang
Mei
M
Venema
Koen
K
Maathuis
Annet
A
van der Heijden
Rob
R
van der Greef
Jan
J
Xu
Guowang
G
Hankemeier
Thomas
T
D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
D036145:Ginsenosides