The blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum is the initial site for the Japanese encephalitis virus entering the central nervous system.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a member of the encephalitic flaviviruses and frequently causes neurological sequelae in a proportion of patients who survive the acute phase of the infection. In the present study, we molecularly identified viral infection in the brain of mice with rigidity of hindlimbs and/or abnormal gait, in which JE virus particles appeared within membrane-bound vacuoles of neurons throughout the central nervous system. Deformation of tight junctions (TJs) shown as dissociation of endothelial cells in capillaries, implying that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been compromised by JE virus infection. BBB permeability evidently increased in the cerebrum, but not in the cerebellum, of JE virus-infected mice intravenously injected with the tracer of Evans blue dye. This suggests that the permeability of the BBB differentially changed in response to viral infection, leading to the entry of JE virions and/or putatively infected leukocytes from the periphery to the cerebrum as the initial site of infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Theoretically, the virus spread to the cerebellum soon after the cerebrum became infected.
Liu
Tsan-Hsiun
TH
Departments of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Liang
Li-Ching
LC
Wang
Chien-Chih
CC
Liu
Huei-Chung
HC
Chen
Wei-June
WJ
D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000502:physiology*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000821:virology; D053586:Virus Internalization