title: Implementation of seven echocardiographic parameters of myocardial asynchrony to improve the long-term response rate of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is an effective therapy for chronic heart failure with beneficial hemodynamic effects leading to a reduction of morbidity and mortality. The responder rates, however, are low. There are various and contentious echocardiographic parameters of myocardial asynchrony. Patient selection by echocardiographic assessment of asynchrony is thought to improve responder rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this small single-center pilot-study, seven established parameters of myocardial asynchrony were used to select patients for CRT: (1) interventricular electromechanical delay (IMD, cut-off > or = 40 ms), (2) Septal-to-posterior wall motion delay (SPWMD, > or = 130 ms), (3) maximal difference in time-to-peak velocities between any two of twelve LV segments (Ts-12 > or = 104 ms), (4) standard deviation of time to peak myocardial velocities (Ts-12-SD, > or = 34.4 ms), (5) difference between the septal and basal time-to-peak velocity (TDId, > or = 60 ms), (6) left ventricular electromechanical delay (LVEMD, > 140 ms) and (7) delayed longitudinal contraction (DLC, > 2 segments).16 chronic heart failure patients (NYHA III-IV, LVEF < 0.35, QRS > or = 120 ms) at least two out of seven parameters of myocardial asynchrony received cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-ICD). Follow-up echo examination was after 6 months. The control group was a historic group of CRT patients (n = 38) who had not been screened for echocardiographic signs of myocardial asynchrony prior to device implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on reverse remodeling (relative reduction of LVESV > 15%, relative increase of LVEF > 25%), the responder rate to CRT was 81.2% in patients selected for CRT according to our protocol as compared to 47.4% in the control group (p = 0.04). At baseline, there were on average 4.1 +/- 1.6 positive parameters of asynchrony (follow-up: 3.7 [+/- 1.6] parameters positive, p = 0.52). Only the LVEMD decreased significantly after CRT (p = 0.027). The remaining parameters showed a non-significant trend towards reduction of myocardial asynchrony.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of different markers of asynchrony in the selection process for CRT improves the hemodynamic response rate to CRT.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. fabian.knebel@charite.de
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schattke
authors.forename: Hansjürgen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bondke
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dreger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grohmann
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*