title: Heteronymous reflex responses in a hand muscle when maintaining constant finger force or position at different contraction intensities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared heteronymous reflex responses evoked in the first dorsal interosseous muscle by electrical and mechanical stimuli during force and position tasks performed at different target torques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two healthy human participants contracted the first dorsal interosseus muscle either to produce a constant force against a rigid restraint (force task) or to maintain a constant position of the index finger (position task) against a constant load of 20, 40, and 60% of maximum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amplitude of the short-latency reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve was significantly greater when maintaining finger position, whereas no difference was present for the long-latency responses. In contrast, the reflex responses (short- and long-latency) did not differ between tasks when elicited by tendon-taps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Task difference in reflex responsiveness depended more on the type of stimulus applied than the reflex pathway and was consistent across three voluntary contraction forces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that afferent input from homonymous and heteronymous pathways is modulated similarly at the spinal level during such tasks, and implies the significance of presynaptic inhibition during motor performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA. stephane.baudry@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baudry
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Enoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult