title: Different mechanisms of spinal fusion using equine bone protein extract, rhBMP-2 and autograft during the process of anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
abstract: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of spinal fusion with different graft materials during an anterior lumbar interbody fusion, we examined the gene-expression profiles after implantation of equine bone protein extract, rhBMP-2 and autograft using microarray technology and data analysis, including hierarchical clustering, self-organizing maps (SOM), KEGG pathway and Biological process GO analyses in a porcine model. The results suggest that equine bone protein extract exhibited a more similar expression pattern with autograft than that of rhBMP-2. rhBMP-2 recruits progenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation possibly by inducing various factors including PGHS-2, IFGBP-2, VEGF and chemokines and then leads to preferable membranous ossification and bone remodeling. Conversely, equine bone protein extract results in endochondral ossification via upregulation of cartilage-related genes. Ossification by inducing direct osteoblastic differentiation and obviating the cartilaginous intermediate phases may increase spinal fusion rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. zxnong@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xuenong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Lijin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Casper
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foldager
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: Wenzhou
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Cody E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bünger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C487179:Colloss; D011994:Recombinant Proteins