title: The 14kDa protein molecule isolated from garlic suppresses indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase metabolites in mononuclear cells in vitro.
abstract: A wide range of biological activities of garlic in vitro and in vivo have been verified including its antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme widely distributed in mammals and is inducible preferentially by IFN-gamma. IDO degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan to form N-formyl kynurenine. In the present in vitro study, the modulatory effect of 14kDa molecule isolated from garlic on IDO induction was tested. Cultures of mononuclear cells were exposed to 14kDa garlic fraction. Then, their proliferation responses and IDO metabolites were measured. A significant down-regulatory effect of garlic on IDO activity was found and also the proliferation responses of mononuclear cells increased. If these results are verified in vivo, an explanation will be provided on how garlic may interfere in IDO induction, which paves the way for elucidating its specific therapeutic effect in preventing tumor progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modarres University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozorgmehr
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namdar Ahmadabad
authors.forename: Zuhair Mohammad
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moazzeni
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pourpak
authors.forename: Tooba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghazanfari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005737:Garlic; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan