title: Tissue distribution of dexamethasone in canine ocular compartments following topical application of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate and oxytetracycline HCl.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the dexamethasone (DXM) concentration at different time points in various compartments of the canine eye following topical application of DXM-21-isonicotinate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty dogs to be euthanized for reasons not related to this study were selected and their ocular health status evaluated. Selected animals were treated with DXM-oxytetracycline ointment and euthanized after 6, 11 or 16 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of DXM was determined in the following compartments of the eye: third eyelid, cornea, aqueous humor, iris, lens, vitreous body and choroid/retina. The DXM concentration in the eye was measured by radioimmunoassay. The applied amount of DXM was 0.04 mg in 0.2 mL ointment. Dogs were treated once with Corti Biciron eye ointment (DXM-21-isonicotinate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride, S & K Pharma, Perl, Germany) and were euthanized 6, 11 and 16 h after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 h following topical application the mean DXM concentration was highest in the anterior structures of the eye (third eyelid: 18 ng/g, cornea: 36 ng/g). The concentration in the posterior structures was below detection level. A decreased DXM concentration in the anterior structures was measured 11 and 16 h after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be demonstrated that therapeutically relevant concentrations of DXM after a single topical administration are only achieved in anterior structures of the eye. A dosing interval of 6-11 h is recommended to achieve therapeutic drug concentration in those structures. The posterior structures of the eye are not reached by topical administration.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bäumer
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002829:Choroid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D007498:Iris / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009541:Nictitating Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone; D010118:Oxytetracycline