title: Interventions for paediatric procedure-related pain in primary care.
abstract: As a part of routine and specialized health care, children are subjected to a number of invasive medical procedures (eg, immunizations, venipunctures). These events are anxiety provoking and painful, and can have detrimental short-term and long-term effects. The present paper provides an overview of pharmacological and nonpharmacological techniques for the management of procedure-related pain in children, with a focus on clinically relevant information. Sufficient detail is provided to facilitate the translation of reviewed strategies into standard practice.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advancement of Perioperative Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maclaren
authors.forename: Lindsey L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cohen