title: Fixed intercaval block in the setting of atrial fibrillation promotes the development of atrial flutter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the canine sterile pericarditis model, typically only atrial fibrillation (AF) is inducible on postoperative day 2.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this model, we tested the hypothesis that on postoperative day 2, placing a fixed line of block (LoB) between the vena cavae critically alters the atrial substrate, favoring the induction of sustained atrial flutter (AFL) instead of AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6 sterile pericarditis dogs, sustained AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing. After terminating AF, a fixed LoB between the vena cavae was created (cryoablation), and AF reinduction was attempted. Simultaneous mapping from 400 to 420 electrodes on the right and left atrial epicardium and the interatrial atrial septum was performed during all studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before creation of the LoB, in all 6 dogs, rapid atrial pacing induced sustained AF because of a rapid (mean cycle length [CL] 110 +/- 10 ms), regular, left atrial reentrant driver, which caused fibrillatory conduction. After creation of the LoB, in 5 dogs, rapid atrial pacing now induced sustained AFL (mean CL 167 +/- 13 ms). In the 6th dog, AFL failed to develop because the left atrial driver that was induced before the LoB was still reproducibly induced despite the LoB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of sustained AF, altering the substrate to create a fixed LoB between the vena cavae creates a substrate favoring the induction of AFL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Hanh M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Celeen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Khrestian
authors.forename: Kyungmoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sahadevan
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Waldo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D011379:Prognosis; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000601:surgery*