title: Defeasible reasoning in high-functioning adults with autism: evidence for impaired exception-handling.
abstract: While autism is one of the most intensively researched psychiatric disorders, little is known about reasoning skills of people with autism. The focus of this study was on defeasible inferences, that is inferences that can be revised in the light of new information. We used a behavioral task to investigate (a) conditional reasoning and (b) the suppression of conditional inferences in high-functioning adults with autism. In the suppression task a possible exception was made salient which could prevent a conclusion from being drawn. We predicted that the autism group would have difficulties dealing with such exceptions because they require mental flexibility to adjust to the context, which is often impaired in autism. The findings confirm our hypothesis that high-functioning adults with autism have a specific difficulty with exception-handling during reasoning. It is suggested that defeasible reasoning is also involved in other cognitive domains. Implications for neural underpinnings of reasoning and autism are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. j.pijnacker@fcdonders.ru.nl
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pijnacker
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Lambalgen
authors.forename: Cornelis C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagoort
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult