title: Effects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humans.
abstract: Spaceflight and bed rest models of microgravity have profound effects on physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and immune systems. These effects can be exacerbated by suboptimal nutrient status, and therefore it is critical to monitor nutritional status when evaluating countermeasures to mitigate negative effects of spaceflight. As part of a larger study to investigate the usefulness of artificial gravity as a countermeasure for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deficits during bed rest, we tested the hypothesis that artificial gravity would have an effect on some aspects of nutritional status. Dietary intake was recorded daily before, during, and after 21 days of bed rest with artificial gravity (n = 8) or bed rest alone (n = 7). We examined body composition, hematology, general blood chemistry, markers of oxidative damage, and blood levels of selected vitamins and minerals before, during, and after the bed rest period. Several indicators of vitamin status changed in response to diet changes: serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid decreased (P < 0.001) and plasma beta-carotene increased (P < 0.001) in both groups during bed rest compared with before bed rest. A decrease in hematocrit (P < 0.001) after bed rest was accompanied by a decrease in transferrin (P < 0.001), but transferrin receptors were not changed. These data provide evidence that artificial gravity itself does not negatively affect nutritional status during bed rest. Likewise, artificial gravity has no protective effect on nutritional status during bed rest.
authors.affiliation: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gillman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kala
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Inniss
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coburn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bourbeau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dekerlegand
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sams
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Paloski
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001510:Bed Rest / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D018470:Gravity, Altered; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins