title: Melanoma-associated markers expression in blood: MUC-18 is associated with advanced stages in melanoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multimarker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was originally reported to reveal melanoma-associated mRNAs (MAMs) in melanoma cells but not in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of MAMs in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients at different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages, and to correlate their presence with early and/or advanced stages of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred blood samples of melanoma patients (AJCC I-IV) were analysed using multimarker RT-PCR to assess the co-expression of Tyr-OH, MART-1, MAGE-3, MUC-18/MCAM and p97. Patients were stratified into two disease categories: early and advanced stages. The former includes in situ and melanoma stages AJCC I-II, the latter AJCC III-IV. chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests were used to statistically evaluate the association between each MAM and disease categories. The recognized significant associations were subsequently resubmitted to univariate logistic regression. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity were established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one MAM could be detected in 24% of our series. Tyr-OH was the most common marker (14%), followed by MUC-18 (12%), MART-1 (5%), MAGE-3 (4%) and p97 (3%). No significant association among Tyr-OH, MART-1, MAGE-3, p97 and disease stages were evidenced. Only MUC-18 was statistically associated (P < 0.009) with advanced stages alone or co-expressed with other MAMs. According to logistic regression univariate analysis, MUC-18 increases the probability (odds ratio: 33) being in advanced stages and the incidence of recurrences (95% CI 2.9-374).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MUC-18 RT-PCR assay could be proposed as an adjunctive molecular method in the management of melanoma patients and is useful in the monitoring of study protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico di Tor Vergata (PTV), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rapanotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ricozzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campione
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierantozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chimenti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D051929:CD146 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051929:CD146 Antigen; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C497902:MCAM protein, human; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger