title: New neurotoxins on the horizon.
abstract: Toxins isolated from lethal bacteria allow for safe, versatile, and minimally invasive interventions that have revolutionized the field of cosmetic and therapeutic treatments. Botulinum toxins are high-molecular weight proteins produced by Gram-positive, spore-forming Clostridial bacteria. The toxins of 5 distinct strains (A, B, E, F, and G) affect humans. Currently, type A and B toxins are available for the treatment of human diseases in the United States, with type A being the only agent approved for cosmetic use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This article reviews the history of botulinum toxin as a cosmetic intervention, discusses its current role in cosmetic treatment, and provides an update of other neurotoxins on the horizon for therapeutic and cosmetic use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A