title: Disease-oriented approach to botulinum toxin use.
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been used for over a quarter of century for the treatment of well over 100 different indications. Many of the symptoms for which BoNT has been found to be effective occur in a variety of neurological disorders. One neurodegenerative disorder in which BoNT has been used extensively to treat various symptoms is Parkinson's disease (PD). This review will highlight the following therapeutic applications of BoNT in conditions associated with PD: limb dystonia, blepharospasm and lid apraxia, bruxism, cervical dystonia (anterocollis), camptocormia, hand and jaw tremor, rigidity (painful shoulder), freezing of gait, sialorrhea, dysphagia (achalasia), seborrhea, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, and constipation.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin, Suite 1801, Houston, TX 77030, USA. josephj@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankovic
mesh_terms: D001072:Apraxias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014202:Tremor / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins