title: The binding mode of petrosaspongiolide M to the human group IIA phospholipase A(2): exploring the role of covalent and noncovalent interactions in the inhibition process.
abstract: We report an analysis of the mechanism of human group IIA secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) inhibition by the natural anti-inflammatory sesterterpene petrosaspongiolide M (PM). The amphiphilic PM, a gamma-hydroxybutenolide marine terpenoid, selectively reacts with the sPLA(2)-IIA Lys67 residue, located near the enzyme-membrane interfacial binding surface, and covalently modifies the enzyme through imine formation. Furthermore, PM is able to target the active site of sPLA(2)-IIA through several van der Waals/electrostatic complementarities. The two events cannot co-occur on a single PLA(2) molecule, so they may contribute separately to enzyme inhibiton. A more intriguing hypothesis suggests a double interaction of PM with two enzyme molecules, one of them covalently modified and the other contacting the inhibitor through its active site. We have explored the occurrence of this unusual binding mode leading to PM-induced PLA(2) supramolecular complexes. These insights could suggest new PLA(2)-inhibition-based therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casapullo
authors.forename: Claudio N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Cavasotto
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosco
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Piaz
authors.forename: Arturas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziemys
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Margarucci
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riccio
mesh_terms: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; C118309:petrosaspongiolide m; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D054467:Phospholipases A2