title: Exhaled carbon monoxide in sarcoidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exhaled Carbon monoxide has been proposed as a non-invasive marker in several inflammatory diseases of the lung, but no data are available in patients with sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the levels of exhaled CO in 78 nonsmoker patients with sarcoidosis and we compared the results with 25 healthy non smoker controls, of 25 patients with a variety of interstitial lung diseases, and 77 smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean value of exhaled CO in sarcoidosis was 3.3 (2.9-3.8) ppm (GM with 95% CI in parenthesis), resulting significantly higher than both normal controls, 1.4 (1.2-1.7) ppm (p<0.001), and clinical controls, 2.1 (1.7-2.7) ppm (p<0.02). All these levels, however, were markedly lower than those observed in smokers, 14.6 (12.7-16.9) ppm. No correlation was found with radiological stage, steroid therapy, respiratory function, or serum ACE activity. Using an upper normal value of 4 ppm, an increased level of exhaled CO was found in 50% of patients with sarcoidosis, in 24% of clinical controls, and in 97% of smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that significant release of endogenous CO occurs in sarcoidosis. It is unlikely that the measurement of exhaled CO could be of diagnostic usefulness, due to its low specificity and to the possible influence by occasional or passive smoke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciarleglio
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Refini
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pieroni
authors.forename: V A M
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bargagli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rottoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sestini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin