title: Endothelial dysfunction, carotid artery plaque burden, and conventional exercise-induced myocardial ischemia as predictors of coronary artery disease prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While both flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery (BA), which measures endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid artery are correlated with the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), it is not clear which modality is a better predictor of CAD. Furthermore, it has not been fully determined whether either of these modalities is superior to conventional ST-segment depression on exercise stress electrocardiogram (ECG) as a predictor. Thus, the goal of the present study was to compare the predictive value of FMD, IMT, and stress ECG for CAD prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 103 consecutive patients (62 +/- 9 years old, 79 men) with clinically suspected CAD had FMD and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (NTG-D) in the BA, carotid artery IMT measurement using high-resolution ultrasound, and exercise treadmill testing. The 73 CAD patients and 30 normal coronary patients were followed for 50 +/- 15 months. Fifteen patients had coronary events during this period (1 cardiac death, 2 non-fatal myocardial infarctions, 3 acute heart failures, and 9 unstable anginas). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, only FMD and stress ECG were significant predictors for cardiac events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachial endothelial function as reflected by FMD and conventional exercise stress testing has comparable prognostic value, whereas carotid artery plaque burden appears to be less powerful for predicting future cardiac events.
authors.affiliation: National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Saitama, Japan. bonpeit@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Bonpei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Akimi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uehata
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurita
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014463:Ultrasonography