title: Rationale and design of PROSPECT-CONKO 004: a prospective, randomized trial of simultaneous pancreatic cancer treatment with enoxaparin and chemotherapy).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced pancreatic cancer, in addition to its high mortality, is characterized by one of the highest rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) as compared to other types of cancer. Enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), has proven to be effective for the prevention and treatment of VTE in surgical and general medical patients. Results of some small studies suggest that this benefit might extend to patients with cancer, however, enoxaparin is not currently indicated for this use. This phase IIb study was designed to analyze the efficacy of enoxaparin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this prospective multicenter trial is to compare concomitant treatment with enoxaparin to no anticoagulation in 540 patients. Primary endpoint is the incidence of clinically relevant VTE (symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the leg and/or pelvic and/or pulmonary embolism (PE)) within the first 3 months. Secondary endpoints include the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic VTE after 6, 9 and 12 months as well as remission at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, overall survival and bleeding.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  isrctn.org identifier CCT-NAPN-16752, controlled-trials.com identifier: ISRCTN02140505.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An interim analysis for safety performed after inclusion of 152 patients revealed no increased risk of bleeding (5 pts vs. 6 pts, Chi2: 0.763).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PROSPECT is a pivotal study in elucidating the role of low molecular weight heparins in advanced pancreatic cancer. Its results will lead to a new understanding of the role of heparins in the prevention of venous thromboembolism and of their effect on survival, remission rates and toxicity of chemotherapeutic regimens.
authors.affiliation: Charité Campus Virchow-Clinic, Medical Clinic Hematology/Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. hanno.riess@charite.de
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pelzer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilbig
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stieler
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: Dörte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kauschat-Brüning
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bramlage
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dörken
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oettle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004347:Drug Interactions; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013552:Swine; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine