Noninvasive imaging in cardiac resynchronization therapy--Part 2: Follow-up and optimization of settings.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become a therapeutic option for drug-refractory heart failure. Several noninvasive imaging techniques play an increasingly important role before and after device implantation. This review highlights the acute and long-term CRT benefits after implantation as assessed with echocardiography and nuclear imaging. Furthermore, optimization of CRT settings, in particular atrioventricular and interventricular delay, will be discussed using echocardiography and other (device-based) techniques.
Ypenburg
Claudia
C
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Van De Veire
Nico
N
Westenberg
Jos J
JJ
Bleeker
Gabe B
GB
Marsan
Nina Ajmone
NA
Henneman
Maureen M
MM
Van Der Wall
Ernst E
EE
Schalij
Martin J
MJ
Abraham
Theodore P
TP
Barold
S Serge
SS
Bax
Jeroen J
JJ
D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis