title: Alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past two decades, the metabolic syndrome has given rise to much clinical and research interest. The broad overlap of alcohol consumption with different components of metabolic syndrome makes alcohol-metabolic syndrome relationship a controversial topic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To support the evidence available about the relationship between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome as a comprehensive clinical entity, as well as to identify the gender-specific dose-response, by performing a meta-analysis based on information from published data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Manual and computer searches in different bibliographic databases were performed to identify the relevant scientific publications, on the relation between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome. Alcohol intake was converted into a same unit (g/day) and then categorized using standard classification in order to provide relevant comparisons. Fixed and random effects models were used to aggregate individual odds ratios and to derive pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen relevant publications were identified on the relation between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that alcohol consumption of less than 40 g/day in men and 20 g/day in women significantly reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Responsible alcohol intake" appears to be associated with a reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Favorable metabolic effect seemed to be restricted to alcohol consumption of less than 20 g/day among women, and of less than 40 g/day among men. These findings support the actual recommendations regarding alcohol consumption among apparently healthy people.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1A rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg. alaa.alkerwi@crp-sante.lu
authors.forename: Ala'a
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkerwi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutsen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaillant
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barre
authors.forename: Marie-Lise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lair
authors.forename: Adelin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dramaix
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D017594:Publication Bias; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult