title: Neurologic and vascular injuries associated with knee ligament injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple ligament knee injuries are commonly associated with neurovascular complications such as popliteal artery, common peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  While the importance of identifying these complications in association with bicruciate and triligamentous injuries has been well established, it is important to recognize that any biligamentous and some single ligament knee injuries present with neurological and vascular complications as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Popliteal artery injuries require immediate intervention to help prevent limb loss. Peroneal and tibial nerve injuries can be a significant cause of morbidity and, therefore, require an understanding of their natural history, anatomy, and pathophysiologic implications to maximize functionality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review explores the types, mechanisms, and classifications of common neurovascular complications of knee ligament injuries, discusses their diagnosis, and reviews the therapeutic options available to optimize patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. johnsonm3@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lynanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jesse C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: DeLee
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D031221:Knee Dislocation / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000293:injuries*