title: Ketone body utilization is regulated by male-specific factors in rat subcutaneous adipocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is the enzyme responsible for the utilization of ketone bodies for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and the gene is highly expressed only in the male subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study is to elucidate how AACS is involved in sex-dependent metabolic differences in adipose tissues. To answer this question, we examined the effect of castration on AACS mRNA expression in rat WAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Castration did not affect any changes in the level of serum ketone bodies, but it significantly decreased AACS gene expression in subcutaneous WAT. In contrast, expression of the other ketone body utilizing enzyme, succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), did not change. Moreover, the AACS gene was highly expressed in larger-sized adipocytes obtained from rat subcutaneous WAT, and was up-regulated by testosterone in differentiated adipocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that AACS plays male-specific metabolic roles in the regulation of ketone body-utilization for lipogenesis and that sex-specific ketone body-utilization is restricted in subcutaneous WAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ymskmshr@hoshi.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narishima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D043343:Testosterone Propionate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007657:Ketone Bodies; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; C023747:acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase; D043343:Testosterone Propionate