title: Comparison of responses to double-strand breaks between Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis reveals different requirements for SOS induction.
abstract: DNA double-strand breaks are particularly deleterious lesions that can lead to genomic instability and cell death. We investigated the SOS response to double-strand breaks in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In E. coli, double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation resulted in SOS induction in virtually every cell. E. coli strains incapable of SOS induction were sensitive to ionizing radiation. In striking contrast, we found that in B. subtilis both ionizing radiation and a site-specific double-strand break causes induction of prophage PBSX and SOS gene expression in only a small subpopulation of cells. These results show that double-strand breaks provoke global SOS induction in E. coli but not in B. subtilis. Remarkably, RecA-GFP focus formation was nearly identical following ionizing radiation challenge in both E. coli and B. subtilis, demonstrating that formation of RecA-GFP foci occurs in response to double-strand breaks but does not require or result in SOS induction in B. subtilis. Furthermore, we found that B. subtilis cells incapable of inducing SOS had near wild-type levels of survival in response to ionizing radiation. Moreover, B. subtilis RecN contributes to maintaining low levels of SOS induction during double-strand break repair. Thus, we found that the contribution of SOS induction to double-strand break repair differs substantially between E. coli and B. subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. lasimm@umich.edu
authors.forename: Lyle A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Alexi I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Goranov
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Bryan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Graham C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific