title: Unique and overlapping functions of GSK-3 isoforms in cell differentiation and proliferation and cardiovascular development.
abstract: Intensive study over the past 30 years has helped define the role of the GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) family in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the majority of these studies have relied upon overexpression approaches or nonselective small molecule inhibitors. Herein, we examine recent data derived from studies in gene-targeted embryonic stem cells and knock-out mice in an attempt to define the role these protein kinases play in critical decisions made by stem/progenitor cells and by early lineage-committed cardiomyocytes during development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. thomas.force@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Force
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Woodgett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology; D010641:Phenotype; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3