title: Antagonism of E2F-1 regulated Bnip3 transcription by NF-kappaB is essential for basal cell survival.
abstract: The transcription factor E2F-1 drives proliferation and death, but the mechanisms that differentially regulate these divergent actions are poorly understood. The hypoxia-inducible death factor Bnip3 is an E2F-1 target gene and integral component of the intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway. The mechanisms that govern Bnip3 gene activity remain cryptic. Herein we show that the transcription factor NF-kappaB provides a molecular switch that determines whether E2F-1 signals proliferation or death under physiological conditions. We show under basal nonapoptotic conditions that NF-kappaB constitutively occupies and transcriptionally silences Bnip3 gene transcription by competing with E2F-1 for Bnip3 promoter binding. Conversely, in the absence of NF-kappaB, or during hypoxia when NF-kappaB abundance is reduced, basal Bnip3 gene transcription is activated by the unrestricted binding of E2F-1 to the Bnip3 promoter. Genetic knock-down of E2F-1 or retinoblastoma gene product over-expression in cardiac and human pancreatic cancer cells deficient for NF-kappaB signaling abrogated basal and hypoxia-inducible Bnip3 transcription. The survival kinase PI3K/Akt inhibited Bnip3 expression levels in cells in a manner dependent upon NF-kappaB activation. Hence, by way of example, we show that the transcriptional inhibition of E2F-1-dependent Bnip3 expression by NF-kappaB highlights a survival pathway that overrides the E2F-1 tumor suppressor program. Our data may explain more fundamentally how cells, by selectively inhibiting E2F-1-dependent death gene transcription, avert apoptosis down-stream of the retinoblastoma/E2F-1 cell cycle pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yurkova
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.forename: Floribeth
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weidman
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scramstad
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: Lorrie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kirshenbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C090121:BNIP3 protein, human; C505650:BNIP3 protein, rat; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; C493755:E2f1 protein, rat; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt