title: Maternal methadone dosing schedule and fetal neurobehaviour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Daily methadone maintenance is the standard of care for opiate dependency during pregnancy. Previous research has indicated that single-dose maternal methadone administration significantly suppresses fetal neurobehaviours. The purpose of this study was to determine if split-dosing would have less impact on fetal neurobehaviour than single-dose administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty methadone-maintained women were evaluated at peak and trough maternal methadone levels on single- and split-dosing schedules. Monitoring sessions occurred at 36- and 37-weeks gestation in a counterbalanced study design. Fetal measures included heart rate, variability, accelerations, motor activity and fetal movement-heart rate coupling (FM-FHR). Maternal measures included heart period, variability, skin conductance, respiration and vagal tone. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to evaluate within-subject changes between split- and single-dosing regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fetal neurobehavioural parameters were suppressed by maternal methadone administration, regardless of dosing regimen. Fetal parameters at peak were significantly lower during single versus split methadone administration. FM-FHR coupling was less suppressed from trough to peak during split-dosing versus single-dosing. Maternal physiologic parameters were generally unaffected by dosing condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Split-dosed fetuses displayed less neurobehavioural suppression from trough to peak maternal methadone levels as compared with single-dosed fetuses. Split-dosing may be beneficial for methadone-maintained pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ljansson@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dipietro
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elko
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knauer
authors.forename: Katie T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kivlighan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone