title: [Research on the subchronic health effects of patina in rats by gavage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the 90-day subchronic health effects of patina, and its effects on anti-oxidative enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation levels in important organs of SD rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty SD rats (40 males, 40 females) were divided into control group (treated with sodium carboxymetbycellulose) and patina exposure groups of different dose levels (7.3, 24.4 and 73.2 mg/kg bw). Animals were administered once daily by gavage, 6 times a week, continuously for 13 weeks. At the end of the study, clinical signs, body weights, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weights were examined. Pathological examination, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-N), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were respectively determined in brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the test period, there were no abnormal changes in the behavior, dieting, drinking, urine indicator, pathological changes and the body weights increased. At the dose of 7.3 mg/kg, significant increase was found in body Weight of male rats (P < 0.05). At the exposed group, the activities of LDH of serum in the 73.2 mg/kg appeared a significant decrease comparing with control group (P < 0.05), and there were significant increased in activities of SOD in livers, brains, hearts and activities of GSH-Px in hearts (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the stomach levels of SOD, GSH-Px were significant reduced and MDA were significant increased at the two higher doses (24.4 and 73.2 mg/kg patina), compared with control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At certain levels, patina may increase body weight, improve the activities of anti-oxidative enxyme in brains, hearts, livers, but overload patina may cause oxidative damage to stomachs of rats.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Putno Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200333, China. hfanghf128@163.com
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Rongfang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003343:Corrosion; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase