title: The epidemiology of scabies in an impoverished community in rural Brazil: presence and severity of disease are associated with poor living conditions and illiteracy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to study the epidemiology of scabies and to identify risk factors of severe disease in an impoverished rural community in northeast Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a repeated cross-sectional study based on two door-to-door surveys. One survey was carried out in the rainy season, the other in the dry season. The inhabitants of the community were examined for the presence of scabies and demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors were assessed. Risk factors were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence was 9.8% with no significant variation between seasons and the incidence was estimated to be 196/1000 person-years. The highest prevalence (18.2%) was observed in children younger than 4 years. Risk factors in the bivariate analysis were young age, presence of many children in the household, illiteracy, low family income, poor housing, sharing clothes and towels, and irregular use of shower. Age younger than 15 years, illiteracy, sharing of clothes, and living in the community for more than 6 months remained significant independent risk factors in multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We used a clinical case definition; specificity and sensitivity were not verified. Men were underrepresented in the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this impoverished community scabies is an important health problem characterized by continuous transmission throughout the year. The parasitic skin disease is embedded in a complex web of causation characterized by poor living conditions and a low level of education.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldmeier
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Lins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Calheiros
authors.forename: Valquiria de Lima
authors.initials: Vde L
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Fabíola A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Ulrich R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Hengge
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heukelbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012532:Scabies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult