title: Surgical management and case-fatality rates of intracerebral hemorrhage in 1988 and 2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare surgical management and case-fatality rates of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in 1988 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified all adult residents (age, >or=18 years) from the 5-county Greater Cincinnati region who were hospitalized with ICH in 1988 and 2005. Demographics, severity of illness, ICH volume, ICH location, rates and timing of surgery, and 30-day case-fatality rate were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1988, 171 ICH patients (67 lobar, 80 deep cerebral, 10 brainstem, and 14 cerebellar) met the study criteria; in 2005, 259 ICH patients (91 lobar, 123 deep cerebral, 19 brainstem, and 26 cerebellar) met the study criteria. In 1988, 16% of the patients had surgical removal of their ICH versus 7% in 2005 (P = 0.003). In both 1988 and 2005, patients treated with surgery were younger (P < 0.001) and had a higher percentage of cerebellar hemorrhages than nonsurgical patients. The timing of surgery was similar in 1988 and 2005. In 1988, the 30-day case-fatality rate was 32% in surgical patients versus 50% in nonsurgical patients (P = 0.06). In 2005, the 30-day case-fatality rate was 16% (surgical) versus 45% (nonsurgical) (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of surgery for ICH was lower in 2005 than in 1988, which may reflect the influence of recent clinical trial data showing no benefit for surgery rather than medical management. The ICH case-fatality rate was essentially the same in 1988 and 2005. Innovative clinical trials to improve ICH outcomes are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0525, USA. opeolu.adeoye@uc.edu
authors.forename: Opeolu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adeoye
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haverbusch
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Flaherty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate