title: Adverse effects after use of polyacrylamide gel as a facial soft tissue filler.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the "perfect" filler material to correct soft tissue facial defects, wrinkles, and scars has not yet been found, ideal characteristics for such a substance may be considered as the following: permanent, inert, malleable, easily injectable, quick to metabolize, not prone to infection, affordable, removable, nonmigratory, and not associated with any disorder or disease state as shown by clinical and paraclinical studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors present an evaluation of patients undergoing treatment for facial wrinkles or soft tissue defects by injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) and analyze outcomes on the basis of the incidence of moderate to severe complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed, including history taking, physical examination, and follow-up of 542 patients who received facial injections of PAAG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 542 patients, 42 (7.7%) experienced complications such as swelling, abscess formation, lumpiness, change in facial appearance, change in gel location after injection, and sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recommend that complications from treatment with PAAG be studied further before widespread use of this soft tissue filler.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolijalil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalantar-Hormozi
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mozafari
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasti
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000209:etiology; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C016680:polyacrylamide gels