title: Association between glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) and apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene polymorphisms and triacylglycerol concentrations in fasting, postprandial, and fenofibrate-treated states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Variation in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) genes has been associated with fasting plasma triacylglycerol.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the combined effects of the GCKR rs780094C-->T, APOA5 -1131T-->C, and APOA5 56C-->G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on fasting triacylglycerol in several independent populations and the response to a high-fat meal and fenofibrate interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a cross-sectional design to investigate the association with fasting triacylglycerol in 8 populations from America, Asia, and Europe (n = 7,730 men and women) and 2 intervention studies in US whites (n = 1,061) to examine postprandial triacylglycerol after a high-fat meal and the response to fenofibrate. We defined 3 combined genotype groups: 1) protective (homozygous for the wild-type allele for all 3 SNPs); 2) intermediate (any mixed genotype not included in groups 1 and 3); and 3) risk (carriers of the variant alleles at both genes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects within the risk group had significantly higher fasting triacylglycerol and a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than did subjects in the protective group across all populations. Moreover, subjects in the risk group had a greater postprandial triacylglycerol response to a high-fat meal and greater fenofibrate-induced reduction of fasting triacylglycerol than did the other groups, especially among persons with hypertriglyceridemia. Subjects with the intermediate genotype had intermediate values (P for trend <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNPs in GCKR and APOA5 have an additive effect on both fasting and postprandial triacylglycerol and contribute to the interindividual variability in response to fenofibrate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. pablopermar@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perez-Martinez
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yiannakouris
authors.forename: E Syong
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Marju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orho-Melander
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Straka
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Province
authors.forename: Chew Suok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez-Jimenez
authors.forename: Chao-Qiang
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Miranda
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillen
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borecki
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathiresan
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C437704:APOA5 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D004041:Dietary Fats; C485100:GCKR protein, human; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D011345:Fenofibrate