title: Postoperative pain relief in infants undergoing myringotomy and tube placement: comparison of a novel regional anesthetic block to intranasal fentanyl--a pilot analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a novel regional anesthetic technique for the management of pain in the postoperative period in infants and children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained, 200 children were randomized in this double blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial to receive either a nerve block of the auricular branch of the Vagus (Nerve of Arnold) with 0.2 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine or receive intranasal fentanyl 2 mcg.kg(-1) after induction of general anesthesia. Patients were monitored in the recovery room for analgesia, need for additional analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and time to discharge from the hospital. Additional analgesics administered in the PACU, surgical short-stay unit as well as at home were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the pain scores between groups (P = 0.53); there was no difference in the amount of rescue medications between groups (P = 0.86); there was no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between groups (P = 0.34); there was no difference in the time to discharge between groups (P = 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study demonstrates the efficacy of a peripheral nerve block for management of postoperative pain in infants and children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement. This may be a viable alternative for postoperative pain control in this population. Future multi-center, randomized controlled trials may be necessary to validate the efficacy of this block in infants and children.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Anesthesiology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Voronov
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Coté
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Santhanam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014630:Vagus Nerve
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl