title: [Diabetic mother's newborn with Goldenhar syndrome and cerebral malformations. Case report].
abstract: Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome, is a rare illness with unknown etiology. It happens in 1 of 50,000 newborns and is characterized by first and second brachial arch changes, with variable grades of hemifacial hypoplasia. We report a clinical case of a 39-years-old woman with a BMI of 33, family history of diabetes mellitus decease, and two fetal losses with unknown etiology. We first met patient at 24 gestational weeks. Second level ultrasound findings were: fetus with tri-ventricular obstructive hydrocephalia, symmetrical macrocranium, and occipital encephalocele. As her capilar glycaemia level was 197 to 338 mg/dL, diagnosis was gestational diabetes. Patient was scheduled to cesarian section and we obtain a newborn with: 2,050 g of weight, 45 cm of height, 38 cm of cephalic diameter, 6/7 Apgar score, and 33 gestational weeks (Capurro). Obesity and 2-type diabetes are well-known fetal malformation etiologies, due to insulin resistance. Maternal hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in embryo cells, it changes Pax3 gene path, and causes several chromosomopaties and malformations; main perinatal mortality etiology, among them, are neural tube alterations. All together enable to establish this Goldenhar diagnosis: palpebral coloboma, facial asymmetry, external ear, upper hemivertebra, and microphthalmy.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Materno-Infantil de León, Guanajuato.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerckoff Villanueva
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Retamoza
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bautista
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications