title: Glucose sensors based on a responsive gel incorporated as a Fabry-Perot cavity on a fiber-optic readout platform.
abstract: An optical sensor for detection of glucose is implemented by incorporating a carbohydrate sensitive hydrogel as a Fabry-Perot cavity at the end of optical fiber for high sensitivity readout of the gel length. The glucose sensing functionality was achieved by incorporating boronic acid moieties into an acrylamide-based hydrogel. The interaction between glucose and boronic acid changes the driving forces for gel swelling thus inducing a glucose sensitive hydrogel swelling. The effects on the carbohydrate swelling response, with respect to sensitivity and selectivity, by incorporation of a cationic monomer, dimethyl-aminopropyl acrylamide, into the boronic acid functionalized responsive gels were determined. The linear gel swelling response in aqueous solutions at aqueous 2.5mM carbohydrates were determined to -1760nm/mM for glucose whereas mannose, sucrose, fructose and galactose displayed a response of about 10% of the glucose response for the hydrogels containing 10mol% dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide. This gel composition with 10mol% dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide is the most promising for detection of glucose at physiological pH and ionic strength. A mechanism where carbohydrate specific stabilisation of the boronic acid group and possible carbohydrate mediated additional crosslinking of the elastically active polymer chains is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Sondre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volden
authors.forename: Bjørn Torger
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Stokke
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007368:Interferometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D005947:Glucose