title: The limitations of tissue-oxygen measurement and positron emission tomography as additional methods for postoperative breast reconstruction free-flap monitoring.
abstract: Twelve patients who underwent breast reconstruction with a microvascular flap were monitored postoperatively with continuous partial tissue oxygenation (p(ti)O(2)) measurement. The regional blood flow (BF) of the entire flap was evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET) using oxygen-15-labelled water on the first postoperative (POP) morning to achieve data of the perfusion of the entire flap. A re-exploration was carried out if the p(ti)O(2) value remained lower than 15 mmHg for over 30 min. The mean p(ti)O(2) value of the flaps was 52.9+/-5.5 mmHg, whereas the mean BF values were 3.3+/-1.0 ml per 100 g min(-1). One false-positive result was detected by p(ti)O(2) measurement, resulting in an unnecessary re-exploration. Another re-operation suggested by the low p(ti)O(2) results was avoided due to the normal BF results assessed with PET. Totally, three flaps were re-explored. This prospective study suggests that continuous tissue-oxygen measurement with a polarographic needle probe is reliable for monitoring free breast flaps from one part of the flap, but assessing perfusion of the entire flap requires more complex monitoring methods, for example, PET. Clinical examination by experienced personnel remains important in free-breast-flap monitoring. PET could be useful in assessing free-flap perfusion in selected high-risk patients as an alternative to a re-operation when clinical examination and evaluation by other means are unreliable or present controversial results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland. aleksi.schrey@tyks.fi
authors.forename: Aleksi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrey
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.forename: Ilpo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minn
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vahlberg
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalliokoski
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: Reidar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grénman
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aitasalo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008833:Microcirculation; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen