title: The association of smoking with components of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited evidence about the association between smoking and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to assess the association of smoking with MS components.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the baseline survey of a community-based study, we studied 5,573 non-diabetic men. All participants were interviewed and underwent physical examinations and blood collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study participants comprised 1,625 smokers and 3,948 non-smokers, with a mean age of 38.07 +/- 14.85 years. Serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers (LDLC: 115.34 +/- 39.03 vs 112.65 +/- 40.94 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.015 and TG: 175.13 +/- 102.05 vs 172.32 +/- 116.83 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.005). Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were lower in smokers than in non-smokers. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (systolic: 112.06 +/- 15.888 vs 117.25 +/- 17.745 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.000; diastolic: 73.66 +/- 10.084 vs 76.23 +/- 10.458 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.000). The percentage of individuals with 2 MS components was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (39.64% vs 33.00%, respectively, P = 0.000). However, the percentage of non-smokers with 3 MS components was higher than in smokers (49.62 % vs 43.82%, respectively, P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the hypothesis that lifestyle factors such as smoking can adversely affect MS components. However, we should acknowledge that these differences may have resulted from the large sample sizes studied and may not be clinically significant. The lower prevalence of some MS components in smokers than in nonsmokers might be because of their lower anthropometric measures.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. gharipour@crc.mui.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharipour
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.forename: Nizal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarrafzadegan
authors.forename: Abdolmehdi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baghaei
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anaraki
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eshrati
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tavassoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides