title: Thrombospondin 2 inhibits metastasis of human malignant melanoma through microenvironment-modification in NOD/SCID/gammaCnull (NOG) mice.
abstract: Thrombospondin (TSP) 2 interacts with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and matrix serine proteases such as plasminogen activator (PA). Malignant melanoma is an aggressive human neoplasm showing aggressive metastatic features. We examined the effects of TSP2 gene introduction in the human malignant melanoma cell line A375. We established three clones transfected with human TSP2 (A375/TSP2). The in vitro invasiveness was remarkably suppressed (42-61%) in the TSP2-transfectants, while growth properties were preserved. The A375/TSP2 showed significantly decreased liver metastatic potential (liver weight: 3.88+/-0.30 g in A375/TSP2, 7.07+/-0.67 g in vector-transfectant (A375/V), p<0.01, Mann-Whitney U test) in super immuno-deficient mice (NOD/SCID/gammacnull, NOG). The PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and PAI-2 mRNAs were significantly overexpressed in A375/TSP2. The increased activities of PAI-1 and PAI-2 were confirmed by reverse zymography. The vascularity of metastatic lesions was significantly decreased in A375/TSP2 (vascular density: 0.62+/-0.15% in A375/TSP2, 4.96+/-0.61% in A375/V, p<0.01, Welch test). These results suggest that TSP2 suppresses hematogenous metastasis through microenvironment-modification including PAI up-regulation and anti-vascularization in human malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chijiwa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suemizu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakui
authors.forename: Chiyoko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishime
authors.forename: Hozumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D000099262:Thrombospondin 2
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019699:Thrombospondins; D000099262:Thrombospondin 2