title: High-fat nutrition reduces hepatic damage following exposure to bacterial DNA and hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial infection combined with hypotension results in exacerbation of the inflammatory response with release of interferon (IFN) gamma. This excessive inflammation may lead to development of hepatic damage and liver failure. This study investigates the effect of dietary lipids on release of IFN-gamma and development of hepatic damage following exposure to synthetic bacterial DNA (CpG-ODN) and hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to CpG-ODN 18h before hemorrhagic shock. Samples were taken 4h following shock. High-fat nutrition was administered at 18h, 2h and 45min before induction of shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enteral high-fat strongly reduced circulating IFN-gamma (0.2ng/ml, P<0.01) following exposure to CpG-ODN and hemorrhagic shock compared with fasted rats (2.7ng/ml). Concomitantly, plasma L-FABP was reduced (437+/-22ng/ml, P<0.01), and F-actin distribution was preserved. Furthermore, high-fat nutrition reduced apoptosis in the liver and preserved expression of the hepatoprotective protein ABIN-1. Interestingly, administration of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies was associated with reduced expression of ABIN-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that enteral high-fat reduces IFN-gamma and decreases CpG-enhanced liver injury following hemorrhagic shock. Administration of high-fat nutrition may be an important new therapeutic strategy to reduce liver damage in a clinical setting of bacterial infection combined with hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maasland Hospital, Sittard, The Netherlands. M.Luyer@ah.unimass.nl
authors.forename: Misha D P
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luyer
authors.forename: Joep P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Derikx
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beyaert
authors.forename: M'hamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadfoune
authors.forename: Toin H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van Kuppevelt
authors.forename: Cornelis H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Dejong
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heineman
authors.forename: Wim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Buurman
authors.forename: Jan Willem M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Greve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000633:toxicity*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004041:Dietary Fats; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma