title: Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are associated with increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic asthma is consistently associated with increased FE(NO) levels whereas divergence exists regarding the use of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) as marker of inflammation in nonallergic asthma and in asthmatic smokers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of having allergic or nonallergic asthma on exhaled nitric oxide levels, with special regard to smoking history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exhaled NO measurements were performed in 695 subjects from Turin (Italy), Gothenburg and Uppsala (both Sweden). Current asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma with at least one asthma symptom or attack recorded during the last year. Allergic status was defined by using measurements of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Smoking history was questionnaire-assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allergic asthma was associated with 91 (60, 128) % [mean (95% CI)] increase of FE(NO) while no significant association was found for nonallergic asthma [6 (-17, 35) %] in univariate analysis, when compared to nonatopic healthy subjects. In a multivariate analysis for never-smokers, subjects with allergic asthma had 77 (27, 145) % higher FE(NO) levels than atopic healthy subjects while subjects with nonallergic asthma had 97 (46, 166) % higher FE(NO) levels than nonatopic healthy subjects. No significant asthma-related FE(NO) increases were noted for ex- and current smokers in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE(NO) to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology: Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinovschi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Högman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rolla
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torén
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norbäck
authors.forename: A-C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Olin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005060:Europe; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D015657:Respiratory Transport; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide