title: Bone mass density and associated factors in cystic fibrosis patients of young age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate bone mineral status in young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and determine risk factors related with the development of low bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined, in 81 patients with CF, 4 to 23-years-old, BMD as well as factors, which are thought to play a role in the development of reduced BMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMD Z-score was between -1 and -2.5 in 27 (33%) and lower than -2.5 in 9 (11%). Means of BMD Z-score were lower than the expected value of 0 in the three groups of children, adolescents and young adults (P = 0.004; P < 0.001; P = 0.048, respectively), but they did not differ among them (P = 0.114). Analysis showed that Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) score, gender and levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were significant predictors of BMD Z-score. Significant also was the interaction between gender and SK score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports that BMD may be reduced from a young age in CF patients though this needs to be confirmed using true volumetric measures of BMD. This defect is related to disease severity with males being more vulnerable. Inefficient levels of vitamin D are very common and contribute significantly to impaired bone health. The latter finding underlines the need for higher supplementation doses.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Douros
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loukou
authors.forename: Polyxeni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolaidou
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzonou
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doudounakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency; D055815:Young Adult