title: Protein kinase C-delta and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activate mammalian target of rapamycin to modulate NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells.
abstract: We have shown that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) down-regulates thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB. However, the mechanisms by which mTOR is activated to modulate these responses remain to be addressed. Here, we show that thrombin engages protein kinase C (PKC)-delta and phosphattidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways to activate mTOR and thereby dampens NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells with thrombin induced the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream target p70 S6 kinase in a PKC-delta- and PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. Consistent with this, thrombin-induced phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase was defective in embryonic fibroblasts from mice with targeted disruption of PKC-delta (Pkc-delta(-)(/)(-)), p85alpha and p85beta subunits of the PI3K (p85alpha(-)(/)(-)beta(-)(/)(-)), or Akt1 and Akt2 (Akt1(-)(/)(-)2(-)(/)(-)). Furthermore, we observed that expression of the constitutively active form of PKC-delta or Akt was sufficient to induce NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression, and that co-expression of mTOR suppressed these responses. In reciprocal experiments, inhibition/depletion of mTOR augmented NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression induced by PKC-delta or Akt. In control experiments, increasing or impairing mTOR signaling by the above approaches produced similar effects on NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression induced by thrombin. Thus, these data reveal an important role of PKC-delta and PI3K/Akt pathways in activating mTOR as an endogenous modulator to ensure a tight regulation of NF-kappaB signaling of ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minhajuddin
authors.forename: Kaiser M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bijli
authors.forename: Fabeha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazal
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassano
authors.forename: Keiichi I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Leonidas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Platanias
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006490:Hemostatics; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013917:Thrombin; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human; C514862:Akt1 protein, mouse; C494922:Akt2 protein, mouse