title: Do proton-pump inhibitors increase the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of gastric acid-suppressive agents increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in a medical intensive care unit population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study in a medical intensive care unit of a 554-bed, university-affiliated, academic medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 924 medical records were included in the database during the study period of which 787 patients were included in the study. Out of this cohort,104 patients (13.2%) eventually developed a NP. The risk for patients who received proton-pump inhibitors (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.63; 95% CI 0.39-1.01) was not significantly different than in non exposed patients. Variables most strongly associated with NP were the administration of sedatives or neuromuscular blockers for at least 2 consecutive days (AHR 3.39;95% CI 1.99-5.75), an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) severity score greater than 15 (AHR, 3.34; 95% CI 1.82-6.50), and presence of a central venous catheter (AHR, 1.76; 95% CI 1.12-2.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior use of a proton-pump inhibitor did not correlate with a significant increase in the risk of developing NP. This risk was higher with the administration of sedatives or neuromuscular blockers, increased disease severity, and placement of a central venous catheter.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Quebéc, Canada. mathieu.beaulieu@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirois
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lachaine
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology*; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000209:etiology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors