title: Cavernous artery intima-media thickness: a new parameter in the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A precise characterization of erectile dysfunction (ED) of vascular origin has not yet been achieved. Although cavernous peak systolic velocity (PSV) is generally considered a major parameter, it has many false positives and negatives because of anatomic variations of the cavernous artery course, challenging site of sampling, insufficient caracterization of an early phase of vascular disease, and significant influence of adrenergic tone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We performed a high magnification ultrasonographic study in order to compare functional and morphological parameters of the cavernous artery to PSV and their relation with penile and systemic atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 109 subjects (84 ED patients and 25 controls) evaluated in our andrological center from March 2007 to January 2008 were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects underwent medical history, erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, physical examination, routine and sex hormone blood tests, and high resolution echo color doppler evaluation of carotid, femoral and penile districts (acceleration time, intima media thickness [IMT], intima adventitia thickness, caliper before and after intracavernous alprostadil injection [Delta-cavernous calliper]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cavernous parameters were significantly different between ED and controls. Multivariate model showed that IMT was the only predicting parameter for ED of vascular origin. Cavernous IMT showed a strong direct correlation with carotid and femoral IMT. ED patients with two or more cardiovascular risk factors had a significantly higher cavernous IMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased cavernous IMT (>or=0.3 mm) might predict ED of vascular origin with more accuracy than PSV and could be a sensitive predictor also for systemic atherosclerosis at an earlier phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: ncaretta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caretta
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palego
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schipilliti
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Mambro
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Clinical Pathology, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foresta
mesh_terms: D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography