title: Use of cervical collar after single-level anterior cervical fusion with plate: is it necessary?
abstract: METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study is evaluates whether the use of a cervical collar after single-level anterior cervical fusion with plating increases the fusion rate and improved clinical outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Plates limit motion between the graft and the vertebra in anterior cervical fusion. Still, the use of cervical collars after instrumented anterior cervical fusion is widely practiced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in an FDA-regulated, multicenter trial in 32 centers treated with single-level decompression and arthrodesis using allograft and an anterior cervical plate were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into Braced and Nonbraced groups regardless of type of brace. SF-36, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Numerical Rating Scales (0-100) for neck and arm pain were determined before surgery, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Fusion was assessed by independent radiologists at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery using upright AP, lateral, and flexion-extension views. Fusion success was defined as the presence of bridging trabecular bone, angulation of less than or equal 4 degrees on flexion-extension radiographs; and absence of radiolucencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred fifty-seven patients were included in the analysis, 149 were braced and 108 were not. Demographic characteristics and baseline outcome measures of both groups were similar. There was also no statistically significant difference in any of the clinical measures at baseline except for SF-36 Physical Component Summary score. The SF-36 Physical Component Summary, NDI, neck, and arm pain scores were similar in both groups at all time intervals and showed statistically significant improvement when compared with preoperative scores. There was no difference in the proportion of patients working at any time point between the Braced and Nonbraced group. Independent radiologists reported higher rates of fusion in the Nonbraced group over all time intervals, none of which were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the use of a cervical brace does not improve the fusion rate or the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical fusion with plating.
authors.affiliation: Leatherman Spine Center, 210 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Leah Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Carreon
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Traynelis
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001915:Braces; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome