title: Evolution of Titan and implications for its hydrocarbon cycle.
abstract: Measurements of the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios as well as the detection of 40Ar and 36Ar by the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) instrument on board the Huygens probe have provided key constraints on the origin and evolution of Titan's atmosphere, and indirectly on the evolution of its interior. Those data combined with models of Titan's interior can be used to determine the story of volatile outgassing since Titan's formation. In the absence of an internal source, methane, which is irreversibly photodissociated in Titan's stratosphere, should be removed entirely from the atmosphere in a time-span of a few tens of millions of years. The episodic destabilization of methane clathrate reservoir stored within Titan's crust and subsequent methane outgassing could explain the present atmospheric abundance of methane, as well as the presence of argon in the atmosphere. The idea that methane is released from the interior through eruptive processes is also supported by the observations of several cryovolcanic-like features on Titan's surface by the mapping spectrometer (VIMS) and the radar on board Cassini. Thermal instabilities within the icy crust, possibly favoured by the presence of ammonia, may explain the observed features and provide the conditions for eruption of methane and other volatiles. Episodic resurfacing events associated with thermal and compositional instabilities in the icy crust can have major consequences on the hydrocarbon budget on Titan's surface and atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, Université Nantes Atlantique, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France CNRS, UMR-6112, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France. gabriel.tobie@univ-mantes.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tobie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choukroun
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grasset
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Mouélic
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lunine
authors.forename: C
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authors.lastname: Sotin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirtzig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebonnois
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Corre