title: Simple uninvestigated dyspepsia: age threshold for early endoscopy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an optimal age threshold for endoscopy referral in patients with simple uninvestigated dyspepsia in the setting of European developing country (Bosnia and Herzegovina) with low availability and high workload of endoscopy units.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed patient information on all upper endoscopies performed during a 6-year period (2000-2005). Different age thresholds were evaluated in terms of their predictive power for absence of malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 82 of 4403 (1.86%) dyspeptic patients had upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy. Age cutoffs of 40 years for men and 45 years for women had the best predictive power, without any cases of upper GI malignancies below those thresholds. Age cutoffs of 45 years for men and 50 years for women also had excellent negative predictive values (99.7 and 99.9%, respectively) with 1.45 and 0.98 cases of missed upper GI malignancies per 1000 endoscopies, respectively. A total of 1709 of 4403 (38.8%) of endoscopies might have been avoided in men of less than 45 and women of less than 50 with uninvestigated dyspepsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (i) Age thresholds for endoscopy referral are lower than in Western countries and should be different for men and women. (ii) Cutoff values of 40 and 45 years for men and women, respectively, are completely safe to use. (iii) Thresholds of 45 years for males and 50 years for females have a small level of risk of missing upper GI malignancy, but are acceptable to use in areas of low availability of endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine Hospital, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. snermin@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nermin N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Salkic
authors.forename: Muharem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zildzic
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zerem
authors.forename: Midhat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smajic
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gegic
authors.forename: Ervin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alibegovic
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016526:Workload