title: Novel therapeutic biosensor for indinavir-a protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug.
abstract: An amperometric drug metabolism biosensor consisting of cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) encapsulated in a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) vesicular system on a Pt disk electrode was developed for the determination of indinavir, a protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug. Cyclic, square wave and pulse voltammetric responses of the bioelectrode showed quasi-reversible electrochemistry of the Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) redox species of the heme thiolate CYP3A4 enzyme under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The biosensor exhibited excellent response to indinavir with a detection limit and response time of 6.158 x 10(-2)mgL(-1), and 40s, respectively. The detection limit is well below the plasma concentration of indinavir (8h after intake) which range from 0.13 to 8.6mgL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignaszak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waryo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Songa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jahed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ngece
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmed
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kgarebe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Iwuoha
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000737:chemistry; D004560:Electricity; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019469:Indinavir / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; D014867:Water; C046112:didodecyldimethylammonium; D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D019469:Indinavir; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; C037548:silver chloride