title: Polymorphisms cyclooxygenase-2 -765G>C and interleukin-6 -174G>C are associated with serum inflammation markers in a high cardiovascular risk population and do not modify the response to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts.
abstract: Inflammation is involved in cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have found that the Mediterranean diet (MD) can reduce serum concentrations of inflammation markers. However, none of these studies have analyzed the influence of genetic variability in such a response. Our objective was to study the effect of the -765G>C polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and the -174G>C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on serum concentrations of IL-6, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 as well as their influence on the response to a nutritional intervention with MD. An intervention study in a high cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population (314 men and 407 women) was undertaken. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a low-fat control diet or a MD supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts. Measures were obtained at baseline and after a 3-mo intervention period. At baseline, the COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism was associated with lower serum IL-6 (5.85 +/- 4.82 in GG vs. 4.74 +/- 4.14 ng/L in C-allele carriers; P = 0.002) and ICAM-1 (265.8 +/- 114.8 in GG vs. 243.0 +/- 107.1 microg/L in C-carriers; P = 0.018) concentrations. These differences remained significant after multivariate adjustment. The IL-6 -174G>C polymorphism was associated with higher (CC vs. G-carriers) serum ICAM-1 concentrations in both men and women and with higher serum IL-6 concentrations in men. Following the dietary intervention, no significant gene x diet interactions were found. In conclusion, although COX-2 -765G>C and IL-6 -174G>C polymorphisms were associated with inflammation, consuming a MD (either supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts) reduced the concentration of inflammation markers regardless of these polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: José Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Portolés
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díez-Espino
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Manuel Conde
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamuela
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahoz
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinyoles
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2