title: Value of frozen section biopsies during radical prostatectomy: significance of the histological results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence about frozen sections during radical prostatectomy (RP) and its ability to decrease the incidence of positive margins, the impact on PSA postoperatively and the significance of residual benign prostatic cells after prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information for this review was compiled by searching the Pubmed database. We used Mesh Terms "Prostatectomy" and "Prostatic Neoplasms" and we added "frozen sections" and/or "hyperplasic cells" and/or "benign cells" and/or "positive margins". Furthermore, we review the articles referenced in those studies and editorials letters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several groups have studied the performance of frozen section during RP to try and assess the risk of positive margins intraoperatively. The controversial sites where they should be performed are the apex, the dorsolateral zones and the bladder neck. They have been performed routinely or when the surgeon decides it, depending on the preoperative or intraoperative findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the present time there is no standardisation in the number, the site and the type of patient where this procedure should be done. The improvement in functional outcomes and biochemical control is not proven.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología Hospital Universtario La Fe, Avenida Campanar 21, 46009, Valencia, Spain. ramirezbackhaus@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Backhaus
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabenalt
authors.forename: Sunjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Minh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganzer
authors.forename: Lars-Christian
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burchardt
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Cruz
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*