title: Evaluation of staining methods for cytologic diagnosis of oral lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy ofPapanicolaou, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Leishman and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining for cytologic diagnosis of oral lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from the Discipline of Stomatology, São José dos Campos Dental School, from the wards of Hosapital Heliópolis and from the dentistry outpatient clinic of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, with the following diseases, were selected: erythematous candidiasis (n=9), pseudomembranous candidiasis (n=10), squamous cell carcinoma (n=19), herpes simplex (n=8), paracoccidioidomycosis (n=8) and pemphigus vulgaris (n=1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The different staining methods were compared regarding the quality of definition of cytoplasmic and nuclear morphologic characteristics and the identification of bacteria, fungi, inflammatory cells and secretions. Papanicolaou and H-E staining were considered better methods. In cases of fungal infections, PAS staining is useful and should be applied as a complementary method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the cytologic diagnosis of oral lesions along with different staining methods is a useful tool for oral diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. janete@fosjc.unesp.br
authors.forename: Janete Dias
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Celina Faig
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Luiz Antonio Guimarães
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cabral
mesh_terms: D002177:Candidiasis / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D003945:Diagnosis, Oral; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000473:pathology*; D010503:Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin