title: Widening the trauma discourse: the link between childbirth and experiences of abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the lived experience of, and personal meanings attributed to, a traumatic birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  An interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted for this study based on Heideggerian and Gadamerian hermeneutics. The participants were 14 women who had experienced a self-defined traumatic birth. Data collection was undertaken through in-depth interviews. An interpretive analytical approach was utilised to uncover resonant meanings across the participant's birth narratives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trauma was not related to mode of birth, but to fractured inter-personal relationships with caregivers. Three interpretive themes emerged from the analysis: 'being disconnected', 'being helpless' and 'being isolated'. Synthesis across these themes revealed that, for women in this study, their self-defined traumatic birth was experienced as violent and abusive. Some described their experience as torture, resulting in a profound sense of being disassociated from the childbirth experience, and annihilated from societal regard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking a strictly hermeneutic perspective, the findings expose commonalities between some descriptions of traumatic birth, and victim accounts of violent or abusive criminal offences, even in the case of clinically normal birth. The results could provide a powerful influence for reform in maternity care provision.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health & Clinical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK. GThomson@uclan.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Downe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003861:Depersonalization; D004213:Dissociative Disorders; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*