title: Ships' logbooks in climatological research: reflections and prospects.
abstract: This paper traces the history of the use of ships' logbooks in climatological studies from the earliest days of the 17th century to the present day. Although early theories concerning global air circulations by Halley and Hadley were based on information gathered by mariners and recorded in their logbooks, it has only been in the last two decades that interest has returned to this important, but long-overlooked, source of climatic information. Attention is drawn to the many advantages offered by logbooks, in particular the long period of time that they collectively cover, their near-global geographic range, the large number of such documents that have survived, and the degree of detailed and reliable record that they provide. Before the mid-19th century, much of the recorded information is noninstrumental in character but its scientific potential is reflected in the variety of approaches and methods that have been used in its analysis and in the equally wide range of outcomes, from databases to synoptic charts and long-time series indices that have emerged from the most recent research. Attention is also drawn to the benefits to be derived from old and more recent instrumental logbook data. As only a small percentage of the tens of thousands of logbooks that have been preserved have thus far been examined, the potential for yet further development is enormous.
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK. dennis.wheeler@sunderland.ac.uk
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Herrera
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D011996:Records; D012013:Reference Books; D012106:Research / Q000266:history; D012767:Ships / Q000266:history*