title: Prevention of biliary complication in radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma-Cooling effect by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tube.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biliary stricture after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) close to major bile ducts sometimes causes septic complications and liver failure. Therefore, it may require interventional drainage for decompression during the follow-up period. The purpose of this study is to clarify the feasibility and safety of bile duct cooling using an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube in RFA for HCC close to major bile ducts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2003 and July 2007, 14 consecutive patients (14 nodules) undergoing RFA with cooling by an ENBD tube for HCCs close to major bile ducts were enrolled in this study. We infused chilled saline solution via the ENBD tube at 1ml/s to prevent heat damage during RFA. As controls, 11 patients (13 nodules) undergoing RFA without cooling close to major bile ducts between April 2001 and August 2003 were reviewed. The major outcomes for evaluation were biliary complications and the secondary outcome was local tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in tumor recurrence between the two groups. However, the rate of biliary complications was significantly lower in the cooling group than in the non-cooling group (0% vs. 39%, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooling of bile ducts via an ENBD tube can prevent biliary complications induced by RFA of HCC close to major bile ducts without increasing local recurrence. This technique increases indication of RFA in difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Masakuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Hironari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Etsuji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome