title: Plantar loading comparisons between women with a history of second metatarsal stress fractures and normal controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress fractures are common in athletics and are more prevalent in women. The current literature has not identified a reason for this gender difference.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Women with a history of a second/third metatarsal stress fracture will demonstrate differences in loading in the middle forefoot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen men, 15 control women, and 9 women with a history of a second/third metatarsal stress fracture were asked to run at 3.3 m/s +/- 5% along a 10-m runway. Plantar loading parameters were recorded using a Pedar-X system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women with fractures demonstrated a decrease in contact area and maximum force beneath the middle forefoot when compared with the female controls. Men demonstrated a decreased contact area in the medial and middle forefoot when compared with the control women. In addition, the women with fractures had decreased maximum force in the middle forefoot when compared with the control women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in maximum force in the middle forefoot in patients with a previous stress fracture could have resulted from gait alterations after the fracture. Therefore, prospective studies need to be completed to better understand the loading differences that could be used to predict stress-fracture injury risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unclear whether plantar loading can be used as a predictor of stress-fracture injury risk as these patients were tested after a stress fracture.
authors.affiliation: Michael W. Krzyzewski Human Performance Lab, Sports Medicine Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. robin.queen@duke.edu
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Queen
authors.forename: Alicia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Abbey
authors.forename: Bavornrit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chuckpaiwong
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nunley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055815:Young Adult