title: Randomized comparison of ultra-brief bifrontal and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: clinical efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with an ultra-brief pulse width in combination with a bilateral electrode placement has diminished antidepressive efficacy, as compared to unilateral ultra-brief pulse ECT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The antidepressive efficacy of bifrontal and right unilateral ultra-brief pulse (0.3 ms) ECT were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients with a medication refractory depressive episode were treated with a course of bifrontal ultra-brief pulse ECT at 1.5 times seizure threshold or unilateral ultra-brief pulse ECT at 6 times seizure threshold by random assignment. The 17 item-Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Beck Depression Inventory, Clinical Global Impression and Patient Global Impression were administered at baseline and repeated weekly during and 1 and 6 weeks after the course, by a blinded rater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  64/81 patients (79%) completed the study, half of which were treated with bifrontal ECT. At the end of the course, 78.1% of the BF group and 78.1% of the UL group responded, whereas, 34.38% (N=11) of the BF group and 43.75% (N=14) of the UL group achieved strict remission criteria (HRSD-score < or = 7). There were no significant differences between the patients given bifrontal ECT and those given unilateral ECT, although patients receiving unilateral ECT achieved response/remission-criteria after a smaller number of treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively small number of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using an ultra-brief pulse width, both BF and UL-ECT are efficacious, although patients receiving UL-ECT achieve response/remission-criteria after a smaller number of treatments.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.controlled-trials.com/
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN56570426.
authors.affiliation: ECT Department, University Psychiatric Center-Catholic University of Leuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium. pascal.sienaert@uc-kortenberg.be
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sienaert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vansteelandt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peuskens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome