title: Effects of high dietary fat and cholesterol on expression of PPAR alpha, LXR alpha, and their responsive genes in the liver of apoE and LDLR double deficient mice.
abstract: The significance of transcription factors PPAR alpha, LXR alpha, and their responsive/target genes for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double deficient (AL) mice fed with high fat and cholesterol (HF) diet were studied. C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice were used as control to the AL mice. Plasma lipid metabolites and morphological atherosclerotic lesions in aortic wall were determined. Semi- and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure gene expression patterns between AL mice and the controls, which were fed with HF or normal chow diet. The results showed that in AL mice fed with HF diet, plasma lipid levels, hepatic lipid accumulation, and atherogenesis together with upregulated PPAR alpha, LXR alpha, and their target genes, i.e., FAT, SCD1, FAS, Angptl3, and apoB100 significantly increased in a 12-week long feeding period. In contrast, apoAI, apoAIV, apoF, LPL, and SR-BI were decreased compared to chow-fed group. In WT mice, PPAR alpha, LXR alpha, FAS, Angpt13, CPT1, apoF, ACOX1, LPL, and SR-BI were increased with HF treatment, while apoAI and apoAIV were decreased markedly. The different changes of lipid metabolism-related genes between AL and WT mice, fed with HF diet or chow diet indicated that the mechanisms of dietary effects on gene mutant mice are different from those of intact WT mice. Since lipid metabolic system defected genetically in AL mice, we suggest that the changes of PPAR alpha, LXR alpha, and their target genes aggravated lipid metabolic disorder in the liver and further accelerated the development of atherosclerosis on a stress of HF diet feeding in AL mice.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liufeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047493:PPAR alpha; D011973:Receptors, LDL