title: Effect of thawing temperature on the motility recovery of cryopreserved human spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of thawing temperature on sperm function after cryopreservation. The technical aspects of sperm cryopreservation have significantly improved over the last few decades. However, a standard protocol designed to optimize sperm motility recovery after thawing has not yet been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private infertility institute and university-based research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consenting normozoospermic patients consulting for infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spermatozoa from donor semen samples were thawed at different temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm motility, viability, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, acrosomal status, and DNA integrity were evaluated as a function of thawing temperature in cryopreserved human sperm samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thawing at 40 degrees C resulted in a statistically significant increase in sperm motility recovery compared with thawing at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. There were no statistically significant differences in sperm viability, acrosomal status, ATP content, and DNA integrity after thawing at 40 degrees C compared with thawing at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm thawing at 40 degrees C could be safely used to improve motility recovery after sperm cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Estudios en Reproducción, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Calamera
authors.forename: Mariano G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Buffone
authors.forename: Gustavo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Doncel
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brugo-Olmedo
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vincentiis
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Calamera
authors.forename: Bayard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Juan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate