title: Preoperative physiotherapy in prevention of pulmonary complications in pediatric cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the occurrence and risk of pulmonary complications in children who underwent pre-and postoperative physiotherapeutic intervention in cardiac surgeries, as well as to compare these patients to those who underwent only postoperative physiotherapeutic intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was performed with 135 patients from 6 years of age and younger with congenital heart disease who had undergone cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (G1) in which they underwent pre- and postoperative physiotherapy or to the control group (G2) in which they underwent only postoperative physiotherapy. Mann-Whitney and the Chi-square tests were used to compare the variables between the groups. The magnitude of the absolute risk was calculated by the number of patients needed to treat. Statistical significance was set at 5% (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 patients (25%) in G1, and 29 patients (43.3%) in G2 presented pulmonary complications (P= 0.025), pneumonia was the most frequent complication, and among the 17 patients in G1, seven (10.3%) developed pneumonia, six (8.8%) developed atelectasis, and four (5.9%) presented complications due to both complications. In G2, 13 patients (19.4%) developed pneumonia, eight (11.9%) developed atelectasis, and eight (11.9%) developed pneumonia associated with atelectasis. Absolute risk reduction for the primary outcome was of 18.3% and the number of needed to treat was 5.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative respiratory physiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of pulmonary complications in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, UNOPAR. josianefelcar@sercomtel.com.br
authors.forename: Josiane Marques
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Felcar
authors.forename: José Carlos dos Santos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Guitti
authors.forename: Antônio César
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.forename: Jefferson Rosa
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control