title: A phase I study of Triapine in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of Triapine administered in combination with doxorubicin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with doxorubicin intravenously (IV) on day 1 and Triapine IV on days 1-4 of a 21-day cycle. The starting dose (level 1) was doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2) and Triapine 25 mg/m(2). PK analysis was performed at various time-points before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients received a total of 49 courses of treatment on study. At dose level 2 (doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2), Triapine 45 mg/m(2)), two patients experienced DLTs (febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia). An additional three patients were enrolled at dose level 1 without initial toxicity. Enrollment then resumed at dose level 2a with a decreased dose of doxorubicin (45 mg/m(2)) with Triapine 45 mg/m(2). The two patients enrolled on this level had two DLTs (diarrhea, CVA). Enrollment was planned to resume at dose level 1; however, the sixth patient enrolled to this cohort developed grade 5 heart failure (ejection fraction 20%, pretreatment EF 62%) after the second course. Thus, doxorubicin and Triapine were reduced to 45 and 25 mg/m(2), respectively (level 1a), prior to resuming enrollment at dose level 1, the MTD. The main drug-related toxicity was myelosuppression. Non-hematologic toxicities included mild-to-moderate fatigue, grade 3 diarrhea and grade 4 CVA. There was one treatment-related death due to heart failure. While no objective responses were observed, subjective evidence of clinical activity was observed in patients with refractory melanoma and prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreated patients with advanced malignancies can tolerate the combination of Triapine and doxorubicin at doses that achieve subjective clinical benefit with the main treatment-related toxicities being myelosuppression and fatigue. The MTD was determined to be doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 and Triapine 25 mg/m(2) on days 1-4 of a 21-day cycle.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 600 Highland Avenue, K6/568, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schelman
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgan-Meadows
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marnocha
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eickhoff
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomplun
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kolesar
authors.forename: Percy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Traynor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011725:Pyridines; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones; C078157:3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; D004317:Doxorubicin