title: Concentration-time courses of pefloxacin in plasma and milk of lactating she-camels (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: Using the microbial inhibition test, the single-dose pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin mesylate dehydrate were studied in six clinically normal lactating she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (bwt). Blood and milk samples were collected intermittently for a 48 h period, and the pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using compartmental and non-compartmental analytical methods.The plasma course of pefloxacin was best resolved to a two-compartment open model after IV administration and a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption after IM administration. Pefloxacin exhibits a long elimination-phase disposition half-life (t1/2beta) of 4.89 +/- 1.12 h after IV injection and 5.73 +/- 1.42 h after IM administration. The mean volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and total body clearance (Cl(tot)) values after IV dosing were 1.18 +/- 0.45 I/kg and 0.21 +/- 0.10 I/kg/h, respectively. The observed peak plasma level (Cmax) of 3.6 +/- 0.1 microg/ml was rapidly attained at 0.75 h (the time of maximum concentration Tmax) after IM administration. The areas under the concentration versus time curves (AUCs) were 44.18 +/- 9.68 microg x h/ml and 29.42 +/-6.49 microg x h/ml after IV and IM administration, respectively. The absolute bioavailability (F%) obtained after IM administration was 71.59 +/- 12.45%. Milk was penetrated quickly, with a mean peak level of 3.24 +/- 0.17 microg/ml occurring at 1.0 h. The elimination half-life was significantly shorter after IV versus IM administration (4.21 +/- 0.84 h versus 5.32 +/- 0.67 h, respectively). Ultimately, pefloxacin could be useful for treatment of udder infections in she-camels after specific assessment of susceptible microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goudah
authors.forename: Syed Sher
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Byung-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015366:Pefloxacin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015366:Pefloxacin