title: The Bulgarian Emergency Response System for dose assessment in the early stage of accidental releases to the atmosphere.
abstract: The Bulgarian Emergency Response System (BERS) is being developed in the Bulgarian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology since 1994. BERS is based on numerical weather forecast meteorological information and a numerical long-range dispersion model accounting for the transport, dispersion, chemical and radioactive transformations of pollutants. In the present paper, the further development of this system for a mixture of radioactive gaseous and aerosol pollutants is described. The basic module for the BERS, the numerical dispersion model EMAP, is upgraded with a "dose calculation block". Two scenarios for hypothetical accidental atmospheric releases from two NPPs, one in Western, and the other in Eastern Europe, are numerically simulated. The effective doses from external irradiation, from air submersion and ground shinning, effective dose from inhalation and absorbed dose by thyroid gland formed by 37 different radionuclides, significant for the early stage of a nuclear accident, are calculated as dose fields for both case studies and discussed.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIMH - BAS), Tsarigradsko chaussee 66, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Syrakov
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veleva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prodanova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolarova
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D002031:Bulgaria; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive