title: [Pneumococcal meningitis in children--9 1/2-year-experience at Szent László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No recent publications are available about pneumococcal meningitis in Hungarian children. The aim of this study was to collect data of epidemiological, clinical and prognostic features of pneumococcal meningitis in children treated at Szent László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of medical charts and follow-up records of patients aged 1 to 18 years admitted to our Pediatric and Pediatric Intensive Care Units due to pneumococcal meningitis between 1st Jan 1998 and 30th Jun 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  31 children with 34 cases of pneumococcal meningitis were admitted to our hospital in the study period. Two children developed recurrent illness. The mean age was 6 years, 26% were under 1 year of age. The mean duration of hospital stay was 21 days, 97% required intensive care. Frequent clinical symptoms were fever (100%), nuchal rigidity and vomiting (78%), altered mental status (71%), Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs (58%) and seizures (41%). Otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis were present in 44%, 58%, 41%, respectively. Subdural effusion, parenchymal cerebral lesion and sinus thrombosis were documented in 5, 3 and 2 cases, respectively. One third of the patients received ceftriaxon, two thirds were administered ceftriaxon and vancomycin. Adjunctive therapy with dexamethasone was given to 91% of the children. 70% of patients required mechanical ventilation. 9 patients (25%) required endoscopic sinus surgery. In 13 cases (38%) mastoidectomy, in 5 children (15%) neurosurgery was performed. The case fatality rate was 23.5%. 8 (23.5%) patients had mild or moderate, 1 child (3%) developed severe neurological sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumococcal meningitis in children remains a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in childhood. The long hospital stay, the frequent need for intensive care and severe neurologic sequelae emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, early treatment and prevention with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Egyeśitett Szent István és Szent László Kórház-Rendelointézet, Gyermekgyógyászati Osztály, Budapest. ivadybalazs@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivády
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liptai
authors.forename: Eniko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ujhelyi
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balázs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001259:Ataxia / Q000382:microbiology; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000382:microbiology; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000382:microbiology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000382:microbiology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; D014640:Vancomycin; D002443:Ceftriaxone