title: Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction procedure for trace analysis of toluene.
abstract: This study describes optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector for toluene at trace level in spiked urine. The parameters affecting the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of analytes were studied: extraction time and temperature; desorption time and temperature; addition of NaCl; and pH, volume and agitation of the sample. Optimized headspace extraction was carried out at 30 degrees C for 6 min in the presence of 0.2 g.m(-1)of NaCl in the sample solution. Also, sample volume and sample pH were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral pH), respectively. Desorption of the analytes was carried out at 250 degrees C for 60 s. The optimized procedure was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine; it showed good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments. The study also determined the accuracy, linearity and detection limits of this method.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Research, Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. IR Iran. shahtaheri@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hamid-Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.forename: Seyed Jamaleddin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shahtaheri
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golbabaei
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alimohammadi
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Froushani
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014050:Toluene