title: A novel apparatus for testing binocular function using the 'CyberDome' three-dimensional hemispherical visual display system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Virtual reality has recently been highlighted as a promising medium for visual presentation and entertainment. A novel apparatus for testing binocular visual function using a hemispherical visual display system, 'CyberDome', has been developed and tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects comprised 40 volunteers (mean age, 21.63 years) with corrected visual acuity of -0.08 (LogMAR) or better, and stereoacuity better than 100 s of arc on the Titmus stereo test. Subjects were able to experience visual perception like being surrounded by visual images, a feature of the 'CyberDome' hemispherical visual display system. Visual images to the right and left eyes were projected and superimposed on the dome screen, allowing test images to be seen independently by each eye using polarizing glasses. The hemispherical visual display was 1.4 m in diameter. Three test parameters were evaluated: simultaneous perception (subjective angle of strabismus), motor fusion amplitude (convergence and divergence), and stereopsis (binocular disparity at 1260, 840, and 420 s of arc). Testing was performed in volunteer subjects with normal binocular vision, and results were compared with those using a major amblyoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective angle of strabismus and motor fusion amplitude showed a significant correlation between our test and the major amblyoscope. All subjects could perceive the stereoscopic target with a binocular disparity of 480 s of arc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our novel apparatus using the CyberDome, a hemispherical visual display system, was able to quantitatively evaluate binocular function. This apparatus offers clinical promise in the evaluation of binocular function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Orthoptics and Visual Science Course, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan. thanda@kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult