title: Detection of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patients: methodological pitfalls and clinical relevance.
abstract: Disseminated malignancy is the major cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential for the establishment of metastasis. Various contemporary and molecular methods using prostate-specific biomarkers have been applied to detect extraprostatic disease that is undetectable by conventional imaging techniques, assessing the risk for disease recurrence after therapy of curative intent. However, the clinical relevance of CTC detection is still controversial. We review current literature regarding molecular methods used for the detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsies of patients with prostate cancer, and we discuss the methodological pitfalls that influence the clinical significance of molecular staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Zacharoula
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Panteleakou
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lembessis
authors.forename: Antigone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sourla
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pissimissis
authors.forename: Aristides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polyzos
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deliveliotis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000166:cytology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D053539:Keratin-19; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C110843:PSCA protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen