title: Bleach interference in forensic luminol tests on porous surfaces: more about the drying time effect.
abstract: As criminals try to avoid leaving clues at the scene of a crime, bloodstains are often washed away, but fortunately for investigators, they are difficult to eliminate completely. Porous surfaces easily retain blood traces, which are sometimes invisible to the naked eye. The reagent of choice for detecting latent blood traces on all types of surfaces is luminol, but its main disadvantage is a high degree of sensitivity to oxidising contaminants in the blood sample. If household bleach is used to clean bloodstains, presumptive tests are invalidated. Hypochlorites, however, are known to be unstable and deteriorate over time, and this feature could be of help in preventing household bleach-induced interference. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of the drying time on nonporous surfaces, but nothing has as yet been published about this effect on porous surfaces. Consequently, this paper reports on hypochlorite interference with luminol reagents used on this type of surface, evaluating the effects of drying time on the household bleach-luminol reaction, and ascertaining whether the drying procedure could be applied to prevent household bleach interference on bloodstained porous surfaces. The results indicate that the drying method may very well overcome household bleach interference in luminol reaction tests, if the investigation allows for an appropriate waiting time.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, UD Medicina Legal, University of Valencia EG, Valencia, Spain. Ana.Castello@uv.es
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castelló
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francés
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdú
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D002384:Catalysis; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008165:Luminol; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite