title: Deficiency of antiproliferative family protein Ana correlates with development of lung adenocarcinoma.
abstract: The abundant in neuroepithelium area (ana) gene was originally identified as a member of the tob/btg family of antiproliferative genes. Like the other family members, Ana inhibits growth of NIH3T3 cells when overexpressed. However, whether or not Ana is involved in tumor progression has been elusive. Here, we show that expression of ana is relatively high in the lung, the expression being restricted in type II alveolar epithelial cells. We further show that ana expression is reduced in 97% of the human lung cancer cell lines examined (61/63) and 86% of clinical samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients (36/42). Long-term observation of ana-deficient (ana−/–) mice reveals that 8% of them develop lung tumors (5/66) by 21 months after birth, while 0% of wild-type mice (0/35) develop the same type of tumors. We also show that exogenously expressed ana gene product suppresses the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in lung cancer cells. Taken together, we propose that ana functions as a tumor suppressor and that its product inhibits tumor progression as well by suppressing angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ajima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.forename: Sudo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuko
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwakura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibutani
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C424522:BTG3 protein, human; C433628:Btg3 protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2