title: Extended hepatectomy with segments I and VII as resection remnant: a simple model for small-for-size injuries in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small-for-size (SFS) syndrome is an important clinical problem after living donor liver transplantation, split liver transplantation or extended hepatectomy. The uncertainty of the mechanisms and treatments of SFS syndrome urges surgeons to establish effective models for SFS syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new porcine model for SFS syndrome based on extended hepatectomy was established. Portal pressure gradient was observed before and after the surgery, and venous sampling for estimation of alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio was continued on a daily basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the external morphology of the porcine liver differs from that of human being, segmental anatomy is remarkably similar in term of its vascularity and biliary tree. Extended hepatectomy with segments I and VII as resection remnant (about 20% of total liver volume) resulted in similar survival rates, blood liver function tests, and elevated portal pressure gradient as clinical SFS syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extended hepatectomy based new model can easily be reproduced, with few costs and surgical complications. Clinical SFS syndrome can easily be simulated by this new model, which is a useful tool for studying SFS syndrome-related liver injuries, especially portal overperfusion and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China. xiaqiang@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Tian-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ling-Xiang
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: De-Zhong
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D009929:Organ Size; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D034421:Sus scrofa