title: Modelled female sale options demonstrate improved profitability in northern beef herds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of improving the average value of cows sold, the risk of decreasing the number weaned, and total sales on the profitability of northern Australian cattle breeding properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gather, model and interpret breeder herd performances and production parameters on properties from six beef-producing regions in northern Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Production parameters, prices, costs and herd structure were entered into a herd simulation model for six northern Australian breeding properties that spay females to enhance their marketing options. After the data were validated by management, alternative management strategies were modelled using current market prices and most likely herd outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model predicted a close relationship between the average sale value of cows, the total herd sales and the gross margin/adult equivalent. Keeping breeders out of the herd to fatten generally improves their sale value, and this can be cost-effective, despite the lower number of progeny produced and the subsequent reduction in total herd sales. Furthermore, if the price of culled cows exceeds the price of culled heifers, provided there are sufficient replacement pregnant heifers available to maintain the breeder herd nucleus, substantial gains in profitability can be obtained by decreasing the age at which cows are culled from the herd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generalised recommendations on improving reproductive performance are not necessarily the most cost-effective strategy to improve breeder herd profitability. Judicious use of simulation models is essential to help develop the best turnoff strategies for females and to improve station profitability.
authors.affiliation: Coominya, Queensland, Australia. g.niethe@bigpond.com
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Niethe
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001947:Breeding / Q000191:economics*; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003132:Commerce / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D014886:Weaning