title: Metastasizing renal cell carcinoma developing in a congenital ectopic and dysplastic kidney.
abstract: We present the first case of a metastasizing renal cell carcinoma arising within a partially regressed multicystic dysplastic and ectopic left kidney in a 34-year-old patient. Despite nephrectomy and adjuvant immunotherapy, the patient died 4 months after diagnosis. Even though a recent systematic review found no evidence to support any of the different modalities for following up children with MCKD by ultrasound (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine,
  
  
  METHODS
  3a), our case supports the contrary and we emphasize that an annual control could be an important diagnostic choice (
  
  
  METHODS
  4).
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. thomas.akkad@uki.at
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akkad
authors.forename: Consolato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sergi
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gozzi
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leonhartsberger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterberger
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oswald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome