title: Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased arterial stiffness is a marker of atherosclerosis and is recognised early in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes which are essential for the structure and function of large arteries. In this study, we examined for relationships between MMP and TIMP-1 and indices of arterial stiffness in subjects with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 subjects with T2DM and 60 nondiabetic subjects were recruited. Aortic distensibility (AD) was assessed noninvasively by ultrasonography and augmentation index by pulse wave analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values of AD were lower in subjects with T2DM than in controls (P<.001), while those of augmentation index were not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic participants, while those of TIMP-1 were lower in the diabetic patients (P=.005). In the diabetes group, no significant associations were found between either AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1, while duration of diabetes emerged as the strongest predictor of AD (P<.001). In the nondiabetic group, nonsignificant associations were also found between AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papazafiropoulou
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrea
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moyssakis
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokkinos
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsilambros
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tentolouris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011674:Pulse / Q000379:methods; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9