title: Clinical Studies in Non-chromosome 4-Linked Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize clinically and molecularly a large, non-chromosome 4-linked facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHMD) family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurological evaluations of affected (N = 55) and at-risk (N = 48) individuals were performed along with selected laboratory analyses, including creatine kinase testing, muscle biopsy, p13E-11 fragment analysis, and cytogenetic studies. Genetic analyses of the scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy and scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy regions on chromosome 12 were performed using genetic markers flanking the intervals of interest and parametric LOD score analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically, the FSHMD in individuals in this family is indistinguishable from that observed in chromosome 4-linked FSHMD. Fragment analysis with p13E-11 showed no small fragment segregating with the family and no evidence for 4:10 translocation or deletion of the p13E-11 binding site. Linkage analysis excluded the loci for autosomal-dominant scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy and scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This family is clinically similar to patients with the chromosome 4-linked FSHMD. These data support our previous hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity within FSHMD.
authors.affiliation: From *Raleigh Neurological Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina; daggerCenter for Human Genetics, the paragraph signDepartment of Pathology, and the **Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; double daggerUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New York; section signLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and parallel University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tim
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stajich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rampersaud
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Viles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tawil
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Padberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frants
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Maarel
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bossen
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pericak-Vance
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Speer