title: Association of waist circumference, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and stromal-derived factor-1 in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and the metabolic syndrome (MS) represent dramatically increasing problems in children and adolescents. Waist circumference (WC) is an important factor to determine MS. So far, WC is a predictor of blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin concentration, and visceral fat in adolescents. We investigated whether WC and body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) are predictors of adiponectin, stromal-derived factor (SDF-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) as parameters for beginning insulin resistance and endothelial damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine male Caucasian adolescents were studied, aged 13-17 yr. Thirty-eight (48%) of them had a WC above 90th age percentile. All participants were enrolled in one consultation, recording various parameters and collecting one blood sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in systolic blood pressure, HDL, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin A1c could be found between groups above or below the 90th WC percentile. Linear regression analysis revealed that WC and BMI-SDS predict traditional risk factors, as well as reduced adiponectin, lower SDF-1, and higher sE-selectin levels. Multiple linear regression analyses show that SDF-1 is in closest correlation to WC and BMI-SDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WC and BMI-SDS predict various alterations of traditional and new cardiovascular risk factors. SDF-1 might be a new marker for diagnosis of obesity-related diseases and help understand pathophysiologic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07747 Jena, Germany. christian.jung@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritzenwanger
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pernow
authors.forename: Bernhard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Figulla
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019040:E-Selectin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein