Diabetes and rheumatic diseases.
OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes recent advances in the field of diabetes and rheumatic disease. These conditions exert a significant healthcare burden on our society and much remains to be learned regarding their pathophysiology and treatment.


RESULTS
We summarize new insights into diabetes and its association with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoporosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, crystalline arthropathy, neuropathic arthropathy, and tendinopathy. Diabetes has major effects on connective tissues, which have significant impact on both the development and outcome of these diseases of cartilage, bone, ligament, and tendon. An improved understanding of the mechanisms through which diabetes alters connective tissue metabolism should lead to better preventive and therapeutic interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
Incremental progress has been made in understanding the interactions between diabetes and common musculoskeletal syndromes. Although this review highlights exciting areas of future interest, more work in this field is certainly warranted.
Burner
Todd W
TW
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295-1000, USA.
Rosenthal
Ann K
AK
D001168:Arthritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006073:Gout / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013710:Tendons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology