title: Impact of use of frozen section assessment of operative margins on survival in oral cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study looked at the independent impact of intraoperative frozen section assessment of the adequacy of margins of excision on disease control and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a review of outcome of historical cohort of 416 surgically treated oral cancer patients at a comprehensive cancer center. Status of the margins at permanent sections, disease failure at the primary site, and survival data of 229 patients who had frozen sections were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis with 197 patients who did not have frozen sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failure at the primary site was independently influenced by age at diagnosis (P < .001), T stage (P = .016), N stage (P = .042), and status of margins on paraffin sections (P = .005). Chance of achieving clear margins on paraffin sections was, however, not significantly improved by the use of frozen sections. On multivariate analysis, the use of frozen sections did not independently have an impact on local failure or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frozen section assessment of mucosal margins has not improved the disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, and Cancer Care Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. alok.pathak@cancercare.mb.ca
authors.forename: Kumar Alok
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nason
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Penner
authors.forename: Norbert R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Viallet
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016896:Treatment Outcome