title: Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a comprehensive warm-up programme designed to reduce the risk of injuries in female youth football.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of randomisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  125 football clubs from the south, east, and middle of Norway (65 clusters in the intervention group; 60 in the control group) followed for one league season (eight months).
  
  
  METHODS
  1892 female players aged 13-17 (1055 players in the intervention group; 837 players in the control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive warm-up programme to improve strength, awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injuries to the lower extremity (foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, thigh, groin, and hip).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During one season, 264 players had relevant injuries: 121 players in the intervention group and 143 in the control group (rate ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.03). In the intervention group there was a significantly lower risk of injuries overall (0.68, 0.48 to 0.98), overuse injuries (0.47, 0.26 to 0.85), and severe injuries (0.55, 0.36 to 0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though the primary outcome of reduction in lower extremity injury did not reach significance, the risk of severe injuries, overuse injuries, and injuries overall was reduced. This indicates that a structured warm-up programme can prevent injuries in young female football players.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN10306290.
authors.affiliation: Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014 Ullevaal Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway. torbjorn.soligard@nih.no
authors.forename: Torbjørn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soligard
authors.forename: Grethe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Myklebust
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Ingar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silvers
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizzini
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junge
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: Thor Einar
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D016896:Treatment Outcome