title: Regulatory factors of basal F(2)-isoprostane formation: population, age, gender and smoking habits in humans.
abstract: Oxidative stress is assumed to be the key underlying factor in the pathogenesis of many common diseases. This study describes the basal levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha ), a major F(2)-isoprostane and an in vivo oxidative stress biomarker in healthy subjects from three countries, namely Italy, Poland and Sweden, in relation to their smoking habits, age and gender. It studied urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha ) in 588 subjects from Sweden (n=220), Italy (n=203) and Poland (n=165). Polish subjects had the highest levels of F(2)-isoprostanes followed by the Swedish and Italians when adjusted for smoking, age, sex and creatinine and the inter-country differences were statistically significant. Smokers had significantly higher levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha ) compared to non-smokers in all countries and there was a moderate decrease with age. Women had only slightly lower 8-iso-PGF(2alpha ) than men. There is a difference in F(2)-isoprostane levels in vivo between countries. Smoking, age and gender affect isoprostane formation and should be taken into consideration in clinical studies of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, and Center of Excellence-Inflammation, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helmersson
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarosinska
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sällsten
authors.forename: Barbarra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazzolai
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barregård
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes