The renin-angiotensin system and diabetes: an update.
In the past few years the classical concept of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has experienced substantial conceptual changes. The identification of the renin/prorenin receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue ACE2 as an angiotensin peptide processing enzyme, Mas as a receptor for Ang-(1-7) and the possibility of signaling through ACE, have contributed to switch our understanding of the RAS from the classical limited-proteolysis linear cascade to a cascade with multiple mediators, multiple receptors, and multi-functional enzymes. In this review we will focus on the recent findings related to RAS and, in particular, on its role in diabetes by discussing possible interactions between RAS mediators, endothelium function, and insulin signaling transduction pathways as well as the putative role of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in disease pathogenesis.
Ribeiro-Oliveira
Antônio
A
Laboratório de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte, UNIBH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Nogueira
Anelise Impeliziere
AI
Pereira
Regina Maria
RM
Boas
Walkiria Wingester Vilas
WW
Dos Santos
Robson Augusto Souza
RA
Simões e Silva
Ana Cristina
AC
D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000805:Angiotensin III / Q000378:metabolism; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D015398:Signal Transduction
D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C472814:hyaluronan receptor 175-kDa, rat; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000805:Angiotensin III; C012877:angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-; D000803:Angiotensin I; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; C000705329:Ace2 protein, rat; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D012083:Renin; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)