title: Multidirectional instability: evaluation and treatment options.
abstract: Multidirectional instability of the shoulder is a condition defined by symptoms of shoulder instability in more than one direction. Patients typically have generalized ligamentous laxity and may be involved in repetitive overhead activities. Initial treatment is with a physical therapy program. Patients who fail non-operative treatment are candidates for arthroscopic or open stabilization procedures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Maher J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bahu
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trentacosta
authors.forename: George Christian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Vorys
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology