title: Usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography to predict neck metastasis in patients with tongue carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess tissue characterization relating with neck metastasis of invasive tongue cancer, we investigate the usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (n = 110) were preoperatively evaluated with intra-oral US. The US images were compared with histological sections. The histological and ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated for their correlation with neck metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-quality ultrasonic images were obtained, and all lesions over 1 mm thickness by histology were detected. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between measurements of tumor thickness by US and histology. Univariate analysis showed that the histological parameters influencing neck metastasis were mode of invasion (P = 0.0006), muscular invasion (P < 0.0001), stromal reaction (P = 0.0002), and tumor thickness (P = 0.0004). Of the ultrasonographic parameters, shape of margin (P = 0.019), pattern of margin (P = 0.033), internal echo signal (P = 0.035), and tumor thickness (P < 0.0001) showed a significant correlation with neck metastasis. Ultrasound images of oral tongue cancer reflected the histological structures. Tumors with diffuse invasive mode shows an irregular and unclear tumor margins on US image. Thickness of 8 mm by ultrasound is useful as a cut-off point of predicting risk of neck metastasis of tongue cancer. Intra-oral US is a reliable tool in objectively predicting subclinical neck metastasis in tongue cancer.
authors.affiliation: Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anegawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetsuka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusukawa
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009333:Neck; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography