title: Identification of malignancy factors by analyzing cystic tumors of the pancreas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The diversity in the aggressiveness of cystic tumors of the pancreas - ranging from the usually benign serous cystadenoma to lesions of variable degrees of malignancy - was utilized for the identification of molecular factors that are involved in the occurrence of malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the transcript profiles of different cystic tumor types. The results were confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Also, functional studies with siRNA silencing were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression variations at the RNA and protein level were identified that are closely correlated with the degree of malignancy. Besides, all tumors could be classified effectively by this means. Many of the identified factors had not previously been known to be associated with malignant cystic lesions. siRNA silencing of the gene with the most prominent variation - the anti-apoptotic factor FASTK (Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase) - revealed a regulative effect on several genes known to be relevant to the development of tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By a molecular analysis of rare types of pancreatic cancer, which are less frequent in terms of disease, variations could be identified that could be critical for the regulation of malignancy and thus relevant to the treatment of also the majority of pancreatic tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany. andrea.bauer@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayed
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korc
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: Jörg D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hoheisel
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
mesh_terms: D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018293:Cystadenoma, Serous / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D037541:Galectin 4 / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D037541:Galectin 4; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C095367:FASTK protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases