title: [Clinically documented fungal infections].
abstract: Proven fungal infections are diagnosed by histological/microbiological evidence of fungi at the site of infection and positive blood culture (fungemia). However, invasive diagnosing examinations are not always applied for all of immunocompromised patients. Clinically documented invasive fungal infections are diagnosed by typical radiological findings such as halo sign on chest CT plus positive serological/molecular evidence of fungi. Serological tests of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen and beta-glucan for aspergillosis and cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antigen for cryptococcosis are useful. Hence, none of reliable serological tests for zygomycosis are available so far. In this article, risk factors, sign and symptoms, and diagnostic methods for clinically documented cases of invasive aspergillosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis with diabates, are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biochemical Sciences.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakeya
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests; D020096:Zygomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis*