title: Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion.
abstract: Mandibular cross-sectional deficiency is a dentofacial defect in connection with the narrowing of the mandibular arch width. This abnormality is a significant etiopathogenic factor and it is often associated with nasal breathing difficulties. This atresia may be treated through Rapid Maxillary Expansion or Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion, depending on the patient's age. Both procedures will change the craniofacial structure, especially the nasal cavity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Based on literature review, the purpose of this paper was to report the relationship among maxillary expansion, nasal cavity and Nasal Airflow Resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-systematic literary review was conducted in search of experimental studies to treat maxillary atresia. Papers considering Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion were included, whereas those using Maxillary Expansion through Segmented Osteotomy were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion cause dentofacial changes, especially in the nasal cavity. Consequently, the nose width enlarges, reducing Nasal Airflow Resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anteroposterior cephalometric studies show evidence of an enlarged nasal cavity following maxillary expansion.
authors.affiliation: Specialist in Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Master's degree student in Health Sciences, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramires
authors.affiliation: Doctor, otorhinolaryngologist, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Roberto Alcântara
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Specialist in Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Dental surgeron. Assistant of the Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Unit, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000009:adverse effects; D012119:Respiration; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic