Improving the quality of care for women with cardiovascular disease: report of a DCRI Think Tank, March 8 to 9, 2007.
BACKGROUND
Differences in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of women with cardiovascular disease compared with men has become a major focus during the past decade. Nevertheless, little attention has focused on improving the quality of healthcare in women compared with other areas of cardiovascular medicine.


METHODS
To address this deficit, Duke University Medical Center convened a national Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI) Think Tank meeting, including basic science and clinical researchers, payers, legislators, clinical experts, government regulators, and members of the pharmaceutical and device industries. This report provides an overview of the discussions and proposed solutions.


RESULTS
Discussion concentrated on the development of strategies to improve the quality of health care for women with heart disease. Key components to improve quality care include: (1) enhance the quantity and quality of evidence-based medicine to guide care in women through improvements in trial design, enrollment and retention of women subjects, results analysis and reporting, and better incentives to perform research in women; (2) provide incentives to develop better data in women through mandating changes in the drug and device development and approval processes; (3) incorporate specific recommendations for women into guidelines when data are sufficient; and (4) apply proven sex-based differences in risk stratification, diagnostic testing, and drug usage and dosing in clinical care. Examples of possible strategies are included.


CONCLUSIONS
The above approach represents a necessary, but not sufficient, platform to improve the overall quality of healthcare in women with cardiovascular disease.
Berger
Jeffrey S
JS
Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27715, USA.
Bairey-Merz
C Noel
CN
Redberg
Rita F
RF
Douglas
Pamela S
PS
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors