title: Modeling operant behavior in the Parkinsonian rat.
abstract: Mathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR; Killeen, 1994) is a quantitative model of operant behavior that contains three parameters representing motor capacity (delta), motivation (a), and short term memory (lambda). The present study applied MPR to characterize the effects of bilateral infusions of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra pars compacta in the rat, a model of Parkinson's disease. Rats were trained to lever press under a 5-component fixed-ratio (5, 15, 30, 60, and 100) schedule of food reinforcement. Rats were tested for 15 days prior to dopamine lesions and again for 15 days post-lesion. To characterize functional loss relative to lesion size, rats were grouped according to the extent and the degree of lateralization of their dopamine loss. Response rates decreased as a function of dopamine depletion, primarily at intermediate ratios. MPR accounted for 98% of variance in pre- and post-lesion response rates. Consistent with reported disruptions in motor behavior induced by dopaminergic lesions, estimates of delta increased when dopamine was severely depleted. There was no support for different estimates of a based on pre- and post-lesion performance of any lesion group, suggesting that dopamine loss has negligible effects on incentive motivation. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of combining operant techniques with a theoretical model to better understand the effects of a neurochemical manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanabria
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Posadas-Sánchez
authors.forename: Claudia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Killeen
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castañeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000172:deficiency; D005502:Food; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008845:Microinjections; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013565:Sympatholytics; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine