title: Connectivity of the primate superior colliculus mapped by concurrent microstimulation and event-related FMRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroanatomical studies investigating the connectivity of brain areas have heretofore employed procedures in which chemical or viral tracers are injected into an area of interest, and connected areas are subsequently identified using histological techniques. Such experiments require the sacrifice of the animals and do not allow for subsequent electrophysiological studies in the same subjects, rendering a direct investigation of the functional properties of anatomically identified areas impossible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we used a combination of microstimulation and fMRI in an anesthetized monkey preparation to study the connectivity of the superior colliculus (SC). Microstimulation of the SC resulted in changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the SC and in several cortical and subcortical areas consistent with the known connectivity of the SC in primates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrates that the concurrent use of microstimulation and fMRI can be used to identify brain networks for further electrophysiological or fMRI investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Courtney B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gati
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Everling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008839:Microelectrodes; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011323:Primates / Q000502:physiology*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen