title: The effect of anticoagulants on the distribution of chromium VI in blood fractions.
abstract: Metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty is associated with elevated circulating levels of cobalt and chromium ions. To establish the long-term safety of metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty, it has been recommended that during clinical follow-up of these patients, the levels of these metal ions in blood be monitored. In this article, we provide information on the distribution of chromium VI ions (the predominant form of chromium released by cobalt-chrome alloys in vivo and in vitro) in blood fractions. Chromium VI is predominantly partitioned into red blood cells compared with plasma (analysis of variance, P < .05). The extent of accumulation in red blood cells is influenced by the anticoagulant used to collect the blood, with EDTA giving a lower partitioning into red cells compared with sodium citrate and sodium heparin.
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Afolaranmi
authors.forename: Justice N A
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tettey
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: R M Dominic
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: M Helen
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood*; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D000077559:Sodium Citrate
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D002951:Citrates; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D006493:Heparin; D004492:Edetic Acid