title: Changes in dipole membrane potential at the mouse blood-brain barrier enhance the transport of 99mTechnetium Sestamibi more than inhibiting Abcb1, Abcc1, or Abcg2.
abstract: Cationic (99m)Tc-agents like (99m)Tc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) cannot be used for brain imaging because they do not enter the brain as readily as some uncharged (99m)Tc-compounds. The mechanism by which cationic (99m)Tc-agents are transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. We explored (99m)Tc-MIBI transport by in situ mouse brain perfusion to determine the influence of BBB features like the ATP-binding cassette transporters (Abcb1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Abcc1/Mrp1, and Abcg2/Bcrp), organic cation transporters (Slc22a1-3/Oct1-3), the transmembrane potential and the dipole membrane potential. P-gp reduced (99m)Tc-MIBI transport across the BBB of P-gp-deficient mice 2.2-fold, as confirmed by PSC833 and GF120918 inhibition. Paradoxically verapamil decreased its transport '0.6-fold'. Reducing the BBB dipole membrane potential with tetraphenylborate or phloretin increased (99m)Tc-MIBI transport about 12- and 20-fold, respectively. Guanidine, diphenhydramine, and carnitine significantly decreased (99m)Tc-MIBI transport, but tetraethylammonium did not. (99m)Tc-MIBI transport at the BBB is restricted by P-gp but not by Mrp1 or Bcrp. Some organic cations reduced the influx of (99m)Tc-MIBI into the brain independently of Oct1, 2 and 3, but this could be due to their effect on another cation transporter. The membrane dipole potential of the luminal BBB membrane appeared to be the main factor restricting (99m)Tc-MIBI permeability.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U705, CNRS UMR 7157, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cattelotte
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tournier
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizzo-Padoin
authors.forename: Alfred H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schinkel
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scherrmann
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cisternino
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D010477:Perfusion; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D014700:Verapamil; C501412:Abcg2 protein, mouse; C507084:Abcb1b protein, mouse; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1