title: Maxillary hyperplasia and hyperostosis cranialis: a rare manifestation of renal osteodystrophy in a patient with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.
abstract: This case report describes a 21-year-old female patient with a complex medical condition of end-stage chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism presenting with a history of gradual enlargement of the facial bones over a period of one year. The facial enlargement primarily involves the maxilla causing a bizarre facial and dental deformity. Based on the clinical, radiographic, and laboratory investigations the facial deformity was confirmed as a rare manifestation of renal osteodystrophy presenting as maxillary hyperplasia and hyperostosis cranialis.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. abakathir@squ.edu.om
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bakathir
authors.forename: Manjunath V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Margasahayam
authors.forename: Mohammed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Al-Ismaily
mesh_terms: D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000209:etiology*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult