title: B-cell depletion for autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to determine long-term efficacy and safety of B-cell-depletion therapy for children with autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted including all patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus who were diagnosed with autoimmune thrombocytopenia and/or autoimmune hemolytic anemia and treated with rituximab. Treatment efficacy and safety parameters were monitored and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus were included in the study: 5 had autoimmune thrombocytopenia, 3 had autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and 1 had both. There were 5 female and 4 male patients; median age at diagnosis of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus was 14 years (range: 8-16 years); and median pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus disease duration to time of rituximab treatment was 6 months (range: 2-30 months). Complete response was achieved in all 6 children with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (median time to complete response: 2 weeks [range: 1-12 weeks]). Two patients' conditions flared at 48 and 68 weeks, respectively, and were re-treated. The remaining 4 patients continued to be in remission at 24, 32, 36, and 88 weeks, respectively. All 4 children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia achieved complete response at a median time of 4 weeks (range: 4-32 weeks). All patients remained in complete response at 24, 44, 84, and 100 weeks of follow-up. Complete B-cell depletion was seen in all children after rituximab treatment. No serious infections occurred, but 1 patient had an infusion reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary evidence suggests that B-cell-depletion therapy with rituximab is an efficacious and safe treatment for autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite the prolonged effect on B-cell numbers and function, no serious infections were observed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sathish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Benseler
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirby-Allen
authors.forename: Earl D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000069283:Rituximab