Acanthosis nigricans: a practical approach to evaluation and management.
Acanthosis nigricans is a dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically of the intertriginous surfaces and neck. Common in some populations, its prevalence depends on race. Clinicians should recognize acanthosis nigricans; it heralds disorders ranging from endocrinologic disturbances to malignancy. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of acanthosis nigricans and its clinical implications and management.
Higgins
Steven P
SP
Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. steven.higgins@alumni.duke.edu
Freemark
Michael
M
Prose
Neil S
NS
D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000293:Adolescent; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use
D005395:Fish Oils; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012176:Retinoids; C055085:calcipotriene; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D002117:Calcitriol