title: Adiponectin translation is increased by the PPARgamma agonists pioglitazone and omega-3 fatty acids.
abstract: Adiponectin, made exclusively by adipocytes, is a 30-kDa secretory protein assembled posttranslationally into low-molecular weight, middle-molecular weight, and high-molecular weight homo-oligomers. PPARgamma ligand thiozolidinediones, which are widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes, increase adiponectin levels. PPARgamma also has several putative ligands that include fatty acid derivatives. Overnight treatment of rat adipocytes with pioglitazone, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) triggered a twofold increase in the synthesis and secretion of HMW adiponectin, and this increase was blocked by the addition of PPARgamma inhibitor GW-9662. Inhibition of glycosylation using 2,2'-dipyridyl decreased the synthesis of high-molecular weight adiponectin by pioglitazone, EPA, and DHA, but there was increased secretion of trimeric adiponectin resulting from increased translation. Although pioglitazone, DHA, and EPA increased adiponectin synthesis by more than 60%, there was no increase in total protein synthesis and no corresponding change in adiponectin mRNA expression, indicating the upregulation of translation. We examined the possibility of transacting factors in the cytoplasmic extracts from adipocytes treated with pioglitazone or DHA. In vitro translation of adiponectin mRNA was inhibited by S-100 fraction of control adipocytes and increased by S-100 extracts from adipocytes treated with pioglitazone or DHA. Consistent with this observation, both pioglitazone and DHA treatments increased the association of adiponectin mRNA with the heavier polysome fractions. Together, these data suggest that pioglitazone and the fish oils DHA or EPA are PPARgamma agonists in adipocytes with regard to adiponectin expression, and the predominant mode of adiponectin stimulation is via an increase in translation.
authors.affiliation: The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Anannya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.forename: Resat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pokrovskaya
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Gouri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D000077205:Pioglitazone