title: Heart rate variability in young, clinically healthy Dachshunds: influence of sex, mitral valve prolapse status, sampling period and time of day.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigatest the influence of sampling period duration, time of day, age, sex, body weight and degree of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) on various measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in the dog. The correlations between the HRV parameters were also investigated.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Holter recording is increasingly being used in dogs but method studies are sparse. Previous studies suggest that canine MVP is related to a high vagal tone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recording (Holter recording) was performed on 24 Dachshunds (11 males and 13 females). All dogs were between 2 and 6 years of age and without heart murmurs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the HRV parameters depended on the duration of the sampling period and they generally exhibited circadian variation. Higher values in males than in females were found for several parameters, especially low frequency power (LF) during 24 hour recording (P = 0.0002). Although a number of HRV parameters correlated positively with MVP severity and negatively with age, the influence of these two factors was not clear and consistent in all sampling periods. The degree of MVP related to the number of episodes of supraventrucular tachycardia occuring during the day. Generally, a large inter-individual variation was found with regard to the HRV parameters and the correlations between the parameters were weaker than correlations reported in humans. Two manually measured ECG parameter related to vagal tone correlated strongly with 2 out of 3 vagal indexes derived from the HRV analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRV parameters are influenced especially by sex and sampling period duration, but also by age and MVP status in young, clinically healthy Dachshunds.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anatomy and Physiology (Olsen, Pedersen) and Clinical Studies (Mow, Koch), The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. The study received financial support from the Danish Agricultural and Veterinary Research Council (Projects No. 9400437 and 9502205).
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pedersen