title: Braking function after complex lower extremity trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to evaluate when patients recover sufficiently to drive an automobile after operative repair of various other lower extremity fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized driving simulator was developed and tested. Three groups of individuals were compared: (1) 12 healthy, volunteers tested once to establish normal mean values for variables tested (group I); (2) 22 patients with right-sided long bone lower extremity fractures (9 femur, 13 tibial shaft) tested at 6 weeks, 9 weeks, and 12 weeks after operative repair (group II); and 35 patients with right-sided articular fractures (12 plateau, 4 pilon, 12 calcaneus, 7 acetabulum) tested at 12 weeks, 15 weeks, and 18 weeks after operative repair (group III). Individuals were tested under a series of driving scenarios (city, suburban, and highway). Short musculoskeletal functional assessment scores were recorded at the time of each driving test and compared with results of the driving test. Analyses were performed to determine the relationship between time from initiation of weight bearing on the right lower extremity and brake travel time (BTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For group I, BTT was 302 +/- 90; for group II, BTT was 444 msec +/- 153 msec, 377 msec +/- 127 msec, and 359 msec +/- 116 msec at 6 weeks, 9 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery; and for group III, BTT was 412 msec +/- 161 msec, 343 msec +/- 112 msec, and 339 msec +/- 116 msec at 12 weeks, 15 weeks, and 18 weeks after surgery. Short musculoskeletal functional assessment scores improved with respect to function and bother indexes, but did not correlate with improvement in BTT (r = 0.36, p = 0.07, and r = 0.31, p = 0.12, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTT was significantly reduced until 6 weeks after initiation of weight bearing in both long bone and articular fractures of the right lower extremity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA. ljegol@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Egol
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikhazadeh
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Koval
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000293:injuries*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult