title: Systematic review of human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type-specific prevalence data of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinoma are needed to determine the potential impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines, assuming demonstrated efficacy in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review was conducted using search terms including HPV and penile cancer. Studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for HPV DNA detection in invasive penile carcinoma were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,266 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases contributed data from 30 studies. The number of SCC was similar in Europe (28.2%), North America (27.6%), South America (23.9%) and Asia (20.4%). All SCC were histologically confirmed with biopsies for DNA detection. Most commonly used PCR primers were type-specific (35.2%), and combination PCR (18.2%). HPV prevalence was 47.9%, ranging from 22.4% in verrucous SCC to 66.3% for the basaloid/warty subtypes. HPV16 (30.8%), HPV6 (6.7%) and HPV18 (6.6%) were the most prevalent types. HPV16 and/or HPV 18 prevalence was 36.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV DNA was detected in half of SCC, with HPV16 being the most common type. If proven efficacious in men, prophylactic vaccines targeting carcinogenic types HPV16 and 18 could potentially reduce approximately one-third of incident SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 2103 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Backes
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kurman
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral