title: Is continuous insulin treatment safe in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term effect of continuous insulin infusion for glucose control on cerebral metabolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized study of 31 SAH patients in the ICU (52 +/- 10 years, WFNS Grade 2.9 +/- 1.6). A microdialysis catheter was inserted into the vascular territory of the aneurysm. Metabolic changes during 4 days after onset of insulin infusion were analyzed. Blood glucose levels >140 mg/dL after clinical stabilization were treated with intravenous insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 patients were treated with intravenous insulin. Though no insulin-induced hypoglycemia occurred, cerebral glucose decreased on days 1-4 after insulin onset without reaching critical levels. Glycerol, a marker of membrane degradation, showed a reversible increase on day 1 while the lactate/pyruvate ratio remained stable and glutamate even decreased indicating absence of severe cerebral crisis following insulin infusion and excluding ischemia as a cause for cerebral glucose depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concerning cerebral metabolism, long-term continuous insulin infusion appears to be safe as long as cerebral glucose levels do not fall below the physiological range. In view of the high incidence of hyperglycemia and need for insulin treatment, future studies on the effect of insulin on cerebral metabolism in SAH patients are desirable.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neurosurgery, Charité Campus Virchow Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlenk
authors.forename: Asita S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sarrafzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin