title: Effect of phosphoric acid etching and self-etching primer application methods on dentinal shear bond strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate acid-etching effects prior to the application of self-etching primer and the effect of different primer application techniques on dentin shear bond strength (SBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty human third molar cervical regions were used in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) of different tooth surface conditions: group A: Clearfil Protect Primer applied gently (inactive) + Clearfil Protect Bond; group B: 38% phosphoric acid for 15 s, rinsed 15 s, and dried 15 s + Clearfil Protect Primer applied gently (inactive) + Clearfil Protect Bond; group C: Clearfil Protect Primer applied with agitation by microapplicator brush (active) + Clearfil Protect Bond; group D: 38% phosphoric acid for 15 s, rinsed 15 s, and dried 15 s + Clearfil Protect Primer applied with agitation by microapplicator brush (active) + Clearfil Protect Bond. The SBS test was performed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SBS values (MPa) and standard deviations are as follows: group A: 36.0 +/- 8.3; group B: 24.0 +/- 3.9; group C: 35.0 +/- 3.3; group D: 30.6 +/- 6.7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acid etching decreased the SBS of the self-etching bonding system to dentin. Active primer application increased the SBS only in acid-etched groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aykor
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.forename: Mubin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyman
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; C483502:Clearfil ST; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C513790:protect bond primer; C030242:phosphoric acid