title: Double homozygous waltzer and Ames waltzer mice provide no evidence of retinal degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 can substitute for one another in the maintenance of the retina and other tissues in the mouse. Does homozygosity for both v and av mutant alleles (i.e., a double homozygous mouse) cause retinal degeneration or an obvious retinal histopathology?
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated mice homozygous for both Cdh23(v-6J) and Pcdh15(av-Jfb) alleles. The retinal phenotypes of double heterozygous and double homozygous mutant mice were determined by light microscopy and electroretinography (ERG). Histology on 32 different tissues, scanning electron microscopy of organ of Corti hair cells as well as serum biochemical and hematological examinations were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERG waves of double heterozygous and double homozygous mice showed similar shape, growth of the amplitude with intensity, and implicit time for both rod and cone pathway mediated responses. Mice homozygous for both Cdh23(v-6J) and Pcdh15(av-Jfb) mutations showed no sign of retinitis pigmentosa or photoreceptor degeneration but, as expected, were deaf and had disorganized hair cell sensory bundles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous presence of homozygous mutant alleles of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 results only in deafness, not retinal degeneration or any other additional obvious phenotype of the major organ systems. We conclude that in the mouse cadherin 23 or protocadherin 15 appear not to compensate for one another to maintain the retina.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Zubair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjellstrom
authors.forename: Ricky J L
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Haywood-Watson
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Battey
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riazuddin
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frolenkov
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sieving
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004596:Electroretinography; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010641:Phenotype; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C418976:CDHR15 protein, mouse; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins; C499091:Cdh23 protein, mouse; D011498:Protein Precursors