title: Mutant SOD1 impairs axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine release by sequestering KAP3.
abstract: Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), likely due to the toxic properties of misfolded mutant SOD1 protein. Here we demonstrated that, starting from the pre-onset stage of FALS, misfolded SOD1 species associates specifically with kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3) in the ventral white matter of SOD1(G93A)-transgenic mouse spinal cord. KAP3 is a kinesin-2 subunit responsible for binding to cargos including choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Motor axons in SOD1(G93A)-Tg mice also showed a reduction in ChAT transport from the pre-onset stage. By employing a novel FALS modeling system using NG108-15 cells, we showed that microtubule-dependent release of acetylcholine was significantly impaired by misfolded SOD1 species. Furthermore, such impairment was able to be normalized by KAP3 overexpression. KAP3 was incorporated into SOD1 aggregates in human FALS cases as well. These results suggest that KAP3 sequestration by misfolded SOD1 species and the resultant inhibition of ChAT transport play a role in the dysfunction of ALS.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nukina
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D021381:Protein Transport; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C484407:KIFAP3 protein, human; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; C100815:Kifap3 protein, mouse; C000606291:Sod1 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000109:Acetylcholine