title: Arsenite and its metabolites, MMA(III) and DMA(III), modify CYP3A4, PXR and RXR alpha expression in the small intestine of CYP3A4 transgenic mice.
abstract: Arsenic is an environmental pollutant that has been associated with an increased risk for the development of cancer and several other diseases through alterations of cellular homeostasis and hepatic function. Cytochrome P450 (P450) modification may be one of the factors contributing to these disorders. Several reports have established that exposure to arsenite modifies P450 expression by decreasing or increasing mRNA and protein levels. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), the predominant P450 expressed in the human liver and intestines, which is regulated mainly by the Pregnane X Receptor-Retinoid X Receptor alpha (PXR-RXR alpha) heterodimer, contributes to the metabolism of approximately half the drugs in clinical use today. The present study investigates the effect of sodium arsenite and its metabolites monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) on CYP3A4, PXR, and RXR alpha expression in the small intestine of CYP3A4 transgenic mice. Sodium arsenite treatment increases mRNA, protein and CYP3A4 activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, the increase in protein expression was not as marked as compared to the increase in mRNA levels. Arsenite treatment induces the accumulation of Ub-protein conjugates, indicating that the activation of this mechanism may explain the differences observed between the mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A4 induction. Treatment with 0.05 mg/kg of DMA(III) induces CYP3A4 in a similar way, while treatment with 0.05 mg/kg of MMA(III) increases mostly mRNA, and to a lesser degree, CYP3A4 activity. Sodium arsenite and both its metabolites increase PXR mRNA, while only DMA(III) induces RXR alpha expression. Overall, these results suggest that sodium arsenite and its metabolites induce CYP3A4 expression by increasing PXR expression in the small intestine of CYP3A4 transgenic mice.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Medina-Díaz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estrada-Muñiz
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Reyes-Hernández
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elizondo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018053:Arsenites / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D025801:Ubiquitin; C472511:dimethylarsinous acid; C406082:monomethylarsonous acid; C017947:sodium arsenite; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex