title: Factors correlated with plasma renin activity in general Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis and is a target in the treatment of hypertension and renal diseases. However, the factors correlated with plasma renin activity (PRA) are unclarified in general Japanese population. To examine this point, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects of this study were 2,056 individuals (mean age, 61 years; 934 men; 1,122 women) over 40-year-old without antihypertensive medication in Takahata town, Japan. PRA was measured by radioimmunoassay. Estimated 24-h urine sodium (e24hUNa) and potassium excretion were calculated from morning spot urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median value of PRA was higher in men compared to women (1.1 ng/ml/h vs. 0.7 ng/ml/h, P < 0.001). The increased PRA (>2.0 ng/ml/h) were detected in 248 men (26.3%) and 142 women (12.7%). One-factor analysis of variance showed that PRA was correlated with blood pressure, uric acid, hemoglobin, total protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum adiponectin and e24hUNa in men. In women, PRA was correlated with age, blood pressure, total protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum insulin, e24hUNa and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high PRA (>2.0 ng/ml/h) was independently associated with low blood pressures, low e24UNa and high serum total protein both in men and women, smoking only in men and high HDL-C only in women, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that PRA was higher in men than women and was associated negatively with blood pressures and urine sodium excretion, and positively with total protein, smoking and HDL-C in Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abiko
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan. kkonta@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuchika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin; D011188:Potassium