title: Influence of pay-for-performance programs on information technology use among child health providers: the devil is in the details.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pay-for-performance programs are used to promote improved health care quality, often through increased use of health information technology. However, little is known about whether pay-for-performance programs influence the adoption of health information technology, especially among child health providers. This study explored how various pay-for-performance compensation methods are related to health information technology use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey data from 1014 child health providers practicing in Florida were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate techniques. Questions asked about the adoption of electronic health records and personal digital assistants, as well as types of activities that affected child health provider compensation or income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common reported method to affect respondents' compensation was traditional productivity or billing (78%). Of the pay-for-performance-related methods of compensation, child health providers indicated that measures of clinical care (41%), patient surveys and experience (34%), the use of health information technology (29%), and quality bonuses or incentives (27%) were a major or minor factor in their compensation. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, only pay-for-performance programs that compensated directly for health information technology use were associated with an increased likelihood of electronic health record system adoption. Pay-for-performance programs linking measures of clinical quality to compensation were positively associated with personal digital assistant use among child health providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pay-for-performance programs that do not directly emphasize health information technology use do not influence the adoption of electronic health records among Florida physicians treating children. Understanding how different pay-for-performance compensation methods incentivize health information technology adoption is important for improving quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. nmenachemi@uab.edu
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menachemi
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Struchen-Shellhorn
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans; D016730:Program Development; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States