title: [Effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on the changes in serum tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 and insulin resistance in patients of colon carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading and new fasting protocol treatment on the postoperative changes in serum tumor necrosis factor receptor1 (sTNFR1), sTNFR2, and insulin resistance (IR) in patients of colon carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 patients of colon carcinoma were randomly divided into 2 groups: carbohydrate-rich beverage group (n = 24), undergoing fasting 6 h before operation and water deprivation 2 h before operation, receiving carbohydrate-rich beverage 3 h before operation and fluid therapy with glucose post-operatively, and placebo group (n = 27) undergoing routine fasting and water deprivation pre-operatively. Peripheral blood samples were collected before, during, and 1, 4, and 7 d after operation. ELISA was used to detect the sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 of preoperative, 1, 4, 7day Insulin sensitivity index (S1) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S(1) levels at different post-operational time points of the treatment group were not significantly different from those preoperatively (all P > 0.05), while the S(1) levels of the control group decreased significantly compared to those before operation (all P < 0.05). The sTNFR1 level of the treatment group increased postoperatively and did not return to the pre-operative level 7 d after operation(all P < 0.05). The sTNFR1 levels at different post-operative time points of the treatment group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0.05). The sTNFR2 level of the treatment group decreased postoperatively and did not return to the pre-operative level 7d after operation (all P < 0.05). The sTNFR2 levels at different post-operative time points of the treatment group were all significantly lower than those of the control group (all P < 0.05). There was not significant differences in the sTNFR1 level in the control group before and after operation (all P > 0.05). The time to first flatus and days staying in hospital of the treatment group were (77 +/- 15) hours and (11 +/- 1.2) gays respectively, both significantly shorter than those of the control group [(86 +/- 13) hours and (15.1 +/- 3.8) days respectively, both P < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative carbohydrate loading and new fasting protocol reduce the degree and course of IR, increase the sTNFR1 level, and decrease the sTNFR2 level and days of staying in hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
authors.forename: Guang-quan
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Xue-lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ying-chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gui-ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II