Markers of inflammation are strong predictors of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in women with hypertension.
Cardiovascular diseases in women still rises and remains their leading cause of death in most developed countries; yet we have less sex-specific data in women than in men as a result of lower enrollment in clinical trials and low rates of sex-specific reporting. The aim of our study was to evaluate in hypertensive postmenopausal women the potential predictive role of markers of inflammation, for example, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP), on subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, beyond that of the other established cardiovascular risk factors. We studied 127 asymptomatic hypertensive postmenopausal women with different degrees of carotid intima-media thickness, as examined by the eco-color-doppler ultrasonography, evaluating in a 5 years follow-up cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We preliminarily found that both fibrinogen and CRP levels were associated with the extension of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.0001 and P=0.0445, respectively). We also found that among all established traditional cardiovascular risk factors (including obesity, diabetes, smoking habit, family history of coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia) only older age (P=0.0162), elevated fibrinogen (P=0.0298), and CRP (P=0.0345) were independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. At the end of follow-up patients clinical events were registered in the 24% of patients and multivariate analysis revealed the following predictors of events: elevated CRP levels [odds ratio (OR): 12.6], the presence of family history of coronary artery disease(OR: 8.8) and older age (OR: 1.1). Beyond the utility of CRP and fibrinogen levels in the prediction of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, the therapeutic implications of these results remain to be evaluated by further studies.
Rizzo
Manfredi
M
Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
Corrado
Egle
E
Coppola
Giuseppe
G
Muratori
Ida
I
Novo
Giuseppina
G
Novo
Salvatore
S
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D016387:Women's Health
D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein