title: Results of open reduction and cortico-cancellous autograft of intra-articular calcaneal fractures according to Palmer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the mid term patient outcome after operative treatment of a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture using the modified Palmer technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen operatively treated intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus in 16 patients (nine males, seven females) were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at surgery was 35 years (range, 17-61 years). Two patients had a bilateral fracture. Following Utheza, five fractures (28%) were classified as vertical, three as horizontal (17%) and 10 (55%) as combined. Mean preoperative Böhler angle was -4 degrees (range, -42 to 26 degrees ). An extended lateral approach to the calcaneus was used in each case. A cortical bone autograft was firmly impacted in the subthalamic void after reduction. Stabilization was achieved by two or three axial Kirschner wires and one or two screws inserted in a transverse position. Patients were evaluated at the last follow-up by physical examination and by the functional score described by Kitaoka. Böhler's angle was measured on the immediate postoperative radiographs and at the last follow-up, and compared when possible with the noninjured side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up ranged from 12 to 38 months (mean, 23 months). One patient required a subtalar arthrodesis for advanced osteoarthritis. One patient experienced reflex sympathetic dystrophy. No skin complication was noted. At the last follow-up evaluation, the mean Kitaoka score was 74 (range, 34-98). The functional score was considered good or excellent in 11 cases (64.7%), fair in three (17.6%), and poor in three (17.6%). The mean Böhler angle was 23.4 degrees (range, 5-40 degrees ) postoperatively and 22.7 degrees (range, 0-38 degrees ) at the last follow-up. A modest loss of correction was observed in four cases. The final Böhler angle was at least 85% compared to the healthy side in 10 cases out of 14 unilateral fractures. The functional score correlated well with restoration of Böhler's angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures following a modified Palmer technique provided encouraging results, since restoration of Böhler's angle was obtained. The main advantages include an absence of hardware prominence, resulting in an absence of skin complications, and a stable fixation.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Schino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bensaïda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vandenbussche
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Augereau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult