title: Recent progress in the analysis of uremic toxins by mass spectrometry.
abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully applied for the identification and quantification of uremic toxins and uremia-associated modified proteins. This review focuses on recent progress in the analysis of uremic toxins by using MS. Uremic toxins include low-molecular-weight compounds (e.g., indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine), middle-molecular-weight peptides, and proteins modified with advanced glycation and oxidation. These uremic toxins are considered to be involved in a variety of symptoms which may appear in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Based on MS analysis of these uremic toxins, the pathogenesis of the uremic symptoms will be elucidated to prevent and manage the symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Hospital, Department of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan. tniwa@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological