title: Bone cement implantation syndrome.
abstract: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is poorly understood. It is an important cause of intraoperative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing cemented hip arthroplasty and may also be seen in the postoperative period in a milder form causing hypoxia and confusion. Hip arthroplasty is becoming more common in an ageing population. The older patient may have co-existing pathologies which can increase the likelihood of developing BCIS. This article reviews the definition, incidence, clinical features, risk factors, aetiology, pathophysiology, risk reduction, and management of BCIS. It is possible to identify high risk groups of patients in which avoidable morbidity and mortality may be minimized by surgical selection for uncemented arthroplasty. Invasive anaesthetic monitoring should be considered during cemented arthroplasty in high risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002484:Cementation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements