title: Hydro-environmental changes and their influence on the subsurface environment in the context of urban development.
abstract: The relationship between urban development and hydro-environmental change, particularly with regard to the subsurface environment is examined for three coastal cities affected by Asian monsoons (Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, and Bangkok in Thailand). Major differences in subsurface changes among these cities are closely related to city size, urban structure, and the timing, stage and extent of urbanization as well as the natural environment. The work shows that the urban development has not affected the Bangkok subsurface hydro-environment in the same way it has in Tokyo and Osaka. Three reasons for the difference account for this, (1) Bangkok's abundant annual rainfall, (2) Bangkok has the smallest ratio of impervious pavement surface area, meaning that surface water can more easily infiltrate underground., (3) the degree and extent of urbanization. Bangkok's subsurface hydro-environment has not been heavily affected because underground development has not yet reached deep subterranean areas. By researching yet more cities, at different stages of urbanization to that of Tokyo, Osaka and Bangkok, we plan to quantitatively examine urbanization and its influence on subsurface hydro-environments. This research will help limit damage to developing cities that are not yet experiencing subsurface failures but which are expected to confront these problems in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gogr., Ritsumeikan University, 603-8577 Kyoto, Japan. ayt03221@lt.ritsumei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshikoshi
authors.forename: Itsu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Tomomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Taiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todokoro
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D002947:Cities; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D014505:Urban Population; D014507:Urbanization; D014881:Water Supply