title: Linkage between phosphorylation of the origin recognition complex and its ATP binding activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: The initiation of chromosomal DNA replication is tightly regulated to achieve genome replication just once per cell cycle and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) plays an important role in this process. Adenine nucleotides that bind to the origin recognition complex (ORC) are also suggested to be involved in this process. Of the six subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORC (Orc1-6p), both Orc1p and Orc5p have ATP binding activity, and both Orc2p and Orc6p are phosphorylated by CDK in cells. In this study we constructed a series of yeast strains expressing phospho-mimetic mutants of Orc2p or Orc6p and found that expression of a Ser-188 mutant of Orc2p (Orc2-5Dp) delays G1-S transition and S phase progression and causes the accumulation of cells with 2C DNA content. Using antibody that specifically recognizes Ser-188-phosphorylated Orc2p, we showed that Ser-188 is phosphorylated by CDK in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Expression of Orc2-5Dp caused phosphorylation of Rad53p and inefficient loading of the six minichromosome maintenance proteins. These results suggest that the accumulation of cells with 2C DNA content is due to inefficient origin firing and induction of the cell cycle checkpoint response and that dephosphorylation of Ser-188 of Orc2p in late M or G1 phase may be involved in pre-RC formation. In vitro, a purified mutant ORC containing Orc2-5Dp lost Orc5p ATP binding activity. This is the first demonstration of a link between phosphorylation of the ORC and its ability to bind ATP, which may be important for the cell cycle-regulated initiation of DNA replication.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makise
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuniyasu
authors.forename: Nanako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizushima
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000502:physiology; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C067022:RAD53 protein, S cerevisiae