title: Mutational inactivation of PTPRD in glioblastoma multiforme and malignant melanoma.
abstract: An additional tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p telomeric to the CDKN2A/B locus has long been postulated to exist. Using Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to screen for copy number changes in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we detected a high frequency of deletions of the PTPRD gene, which encodes a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase at chromosome 9p23-24.1. Missense and nonsense mutations of PTPRD were identified in a subset of the samples lacking deletions, including an inherited mutation with somatic loss of the wild-type allele. We then sequenced the gene in melanoma and identified 10 somatic mutations in 7 of 57 tumors (12%). Reconstitution of PTPRD expression in GBM and melanoma cells harboring deletions or mutations led to growth suppression and apoptosis that was alleviated by both the somatic and constitutional mutations. These data implicate PTPRD in the pathogenesis of tumors of neuroectodermal origin and, when taken together with other recent reports of PTPRD mutations in adenocarcinoma of the colon and lung, suggest that PTPRD may be one of a select group of tumor suppressor genes that are inactivated in a wide range of common human tumor types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Jung-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Zita
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sibenaller
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ryken
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Habtom
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ressom
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: Darell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bigner
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yardena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waldman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: C090899:PTPRD protein, human; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2