title: Eradication of intractable malignant ascites by abdominocentesis, reinfusion of concentrated ascites, and adoptive immunotherapy with dendritic cells and activated killer cells in a patient with recurrent lung cancer: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant ascites is often a sign of a terminal stage in several malignant diseases. To control ascites, drainage and intra-abdominal chemotherapy are often used in those patients but eradication of ascites is difficult and prognosis is poor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on 26 January 2007 with dyspnea, abdominal distention and oliguria. Abdominocentesis revealed peritoneal carcinomatosis resulting from abdominal recurrence from lung cancer. To alleviate the dyspnea and abdominal distention, we drained the ascites aseptically and infused them intravenously back into the patient after removal of tumor cells by centrifugation, and then concentration by apheresis. After the drainage of ascites, we intraperitoneally infused activated killer cells and dendritic cells from the patient's tumor-draining lymph nodes, together with 4.5 x 105U interleukin-2 in 50 ml saline by 2.1 ml/hour infuser balloon.Drastic decreases in the tumor cell count and in ascite retention were observed after several courses of ascites drainage, intravenous infusion and intraperitoneal immunotherapy. The plasma protein level was maintained during the treatment notwithstanding the repeated drainage of ascites. Cell surface marker analysis, cytotoxic activities against autologous tumor cells and interferon-gamma examination of ascites suggested the possibility that these effects were mediated by immunological responses of activated killer cells and dendritic cells infused intraperitoneally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of local administration of immune cells and infusion of concentrated cell free ascites may be applicable for patients afflicted with refractory ascites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan. hkimura@chiba-cc.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizasa
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shingyouji
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tetushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odaka
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubayasi