title: A catheter based chronic porcine model of post-infarct dilated heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New surgical treatments for post-infarct antero-septal myocardial akinesia have been developed but evaluation of their mode of function is hampered by absence of suitable large animal heart failure models. We aimed to develop and evaluate a human compatible model for chronic post-infarct left ventricular (LV) remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen female 50 kg pigs underwent catheter-based coronary artery occlusion (one hour) distal to the first LAD diagonal. Eight weight- and age-matched healthy animals served as controls. LV geometry and function were assessed after 6 weeks with cardiovascular MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals recovered from interventions. Three animals died during follow-up. All intervention animals had antero-septal akinetic infarcts (mean 26.5% of LV myocardium). Intervention animals had significantly increased end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and decreased stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output. Detailed functional analysis showed significant systolic- and diastolic-dysfunction in intervention animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established a feasible model of post-infarct LV remodeling, which accurately simulates human pathogenesis and pathophysiology. The model may be suitable for evaluation of novel surgical alleviations for heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery T and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hans Kristian
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Brødløs
authors.forename: Morten B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bramsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bjerre
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ringgaard
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wierup
authors.forename: Sten Lyager
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hasenkam
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smerup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling