title: Quantitative microleakage evaluation of fissure sealants applied with or without a bonding agent: results after four-year water storage in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of long-term water storage on the microleakage of a fissure sealant applied with or without different bonding agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracted human third molars were randomly assigned into 8 groups (n = 24/each). The occlusal surfaces were sealed with a fluoride fissure sealant material (Helioseal F) after one of the following pretreatments: (1) phosphoric acid etching only; (2) phosphoric acid etching + Single Bond; (3) phosphoric acid etching + Prime & Bond NT; (4) Clearfil SE Bond; (5) FL Bond; (6) One Up Bond F; (7) Prompt L-Pop; (8) Mac Bond II. All specimens were thermocycled (1000X), after which half of them (n=96) were stored in distilled water for 48 h (group A), and the remaining half (n=96) for 48 months (group B). The specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution, sectioned, and digitally photographed. Microleakage was evaluated quantitatively using an open-source image analysis toolkit (ImageJ), and the data were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-year water storage significantly increased the amount of leakage in all test groups (p < 0.001). In both the absence and presence of water aging, the etch-and-rinse adhesives yielded the lowest microleakage scores (p < 0.001). In the 48-h group, the following ranking was achieved in terms microleakage values: phosphoric acid + Prime & Bond NT = phosphoric acid + Single Bond < Prompt L-Pop = phosphoric acid etching only < FL Bond < Clearfil SE Bond < Mac Bond II = One Up Bond F. In the 48-month group, the ranking changed as follows: phosphoric acid + Prime & Bond NT = phosphoric acid + Single Bond < Prompt L-Pop = FL Bond < Clearfil SE Bond = Mac Bond II = One Up Bond F < phosphoric acid etching only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term water storage significantly increased the microleakage of Helioseal F applied alone and with a bonding agent. Regardless of the storage term, the use of etch-and-rinse adhesives resulted in significantly less microleakage compared to that achieved with self-etching adhesives or acid etching alone. The sealants placed without a prior bonding agent showed the greatest amount of leakage after four years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Cehreli
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gungor
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008964:Molar, Third; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C503681:FL-BOND S-1; C452442:Mac Bond II; D008689:Methacrylates; C446260:One-Up-Bond F; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C115612:single bond; D014867:Water; C059908:Helioseal; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C025485:basic fuchsin; C030242:phosphoric acid