title: New perspectives on techniques for the clinical psychiatrist: Brain stimulation, chronobiology and psychiatric brain imaging.
abstract: This review summarizes a scientific dialogue between representatives in non-pharmacological treatment options of affective disorders. Among the recently introduced somatic treatments for depression those with most evidenced efficacy will be discussed. The first part of this article presents current opinions about the clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. The second part explains the most relevant uses of chronobiology in mood disorders, while the last part deals with the main perspectives on brain imaging techniques in psychiatry. The aim was to bridge gaps between the research evidence and clinical decisions, and reach an agreement on several key points of chronobiological and brain stimulation techniques, as well as on relevant objectives for future research.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy. zanardi.raffaella@hsr.it
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barbini
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Padberg
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wirz-Justice
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terman
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martiny
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bersani
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pezawas
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roiser
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertolino
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pontiggia
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malaguti
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D010507:Periodicity; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation