title: Risperidone alters food intake, core body temperature, and locomotor activity in mice.
abstract: Risperidone induces significant weight gain in female mice; however, the underlying mechanisms related to this effect are unknown. We investigated the effects of risperidone on locomotor activity, core body temperature, and uncoupling protein (UCP) and hypothalamic orexin mRNA expression. Female C57BL/6J mice were acclimated to individual housing and randomly assigned to either risperidone (4 mg/kg BW day) or placebo (PLA). Activity and body temperature were measured over 48-hour periods twice a week for 3 weeks. Food intake and body weights were measured weekly. UCP1 (BAT), UCP3 (gastrocnemius), and orexin (hypothalamus) mRNA expressions were measured using RT-PCR. Risperidone-treated mice consumed more food (p=0.050) and gained more weight (p=0.0001) than PLA-treated mice after 3 weeks. During the initial 2 days of treatment, there was an acute effect of treatment on activity (p=0.046), but not body temperature (p=0.290). During 3 weeks of treatment, average core body temperatures were higher in risperidone-treated mice compared to controls during the light phase (p=0.0001), and tended to be higher during the dark phase (p=0.057). Risperidone-treated mice exhibited lower activity levels than controls during the dark phase (p=0.006); there were no differences in activity during the light phase (p=0.47). UCP1 (p<0.01) and UCP3 (p<0.05) mRNA expressions were greater in risperidone-treated mice compared to controls, whereas, orexin mRNA expression was lower in risperidone-treated mice (p<0.01). These results suggest that risperidone-induced weight gain in mice is a consequence of increased energy intake and reduced activity, while the elevation in body temperature may be a result of thermogenic effect of food intake and elevated UCP1, UCP3, and a reduced hypothalamic orexin expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cope
authors.forename: Xingsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jumbo-Lucioni
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DiCostanzo
authors.forename: Wendi G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kesterson
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000068797:Orexins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; C000604393:Ucp3 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D018967:Risperidone