title: Unusual combination of paraneoplastic manifestations in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Activating mutations in tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) are the main mechanisms causing the disease. Patients generally present with non-specific symptoms, while a number of tumors are discovered incidentally and may be metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Aggressive GISTs have a defined pattern of metastasis to the liver or throughout the abdomen, or both. Though GISTs rarely present systemic or isolated paraneoplastic reactions, a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient with metastatic GIST at diagnosis and the emergence of paraneoplastic manifestations during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsikrikas
authors.forename: Spilios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manolakopoulos
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexakis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sialevris
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
authors.forename: Athanasios J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Archimandritis
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002429:Cecal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed