New method for quantification and statistical analysis of nociceptive reflex receptive fields in humans.
A method for quantifying nociceptive withdrawal reflex receptive fields in human volunteers and patients is described. The reflex receptive field (RRF) for a specific muscle denotes the cutaneous area from which a muscle contraction can be evoked by a nociceptive stimulus. The method is based on random stimulations presented in a blinded sequence to 10 stimulation sites. The sensitivity map is derived by interpolating the reflex responses evoked from the 10 sites. A set of features describing the size and location of the RRF is presented based on statistical analysis of the sensitivity map within every subject. The features include RRF area, volume, peak location and center of gravity. The method was applied to 30 healthy volunteers. Electrical stimuli were applied to the sole of the foot evoking reflexes in the ankle flexor tibialis anterior. The RRF area covered a fraction of 0.57+/-0.06 (S.E.M.) of the foot and was located on the medial, distal part of the sole of the foot. An intramuscular injection into flexor digitorum brevis of capsaicin was performed in one spinal cord injured subject to attempt modulation of the reflex receptive field. The RRF area, RRF volume and location of the peak reflex response appear to be the most sensitive measures for detecting modulation of spinal nociceptive processing. This new method has important potential applications for exploring aspects of central plasticity in volunteers and patients. It may be utilized as a new diagnostic tool for central hypersensitivity and quantification of therapeutic interventions.
Neziri
Alban Y
AY
University Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Berne, Inselspital, Switzerland.
Curatolo
Michele
M
Bergadano
Alessandra
A
Petersen-Felix
Steen
S
Dickenson
Anthony
A
Arendt-Nielsen
Lars
L
Andersen
Ole K
OK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001703:Biophysics; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005528:Foot / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
D002211:Capsaicin