title: Heat shock protein 90 inhibition abrogates hepatocellular cancer growth through cdc2-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  17-(demethoxy), 17-allylamino geldanamycin (17-AAG) suppresses growth in some cancers by inhibiting Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). We examined the effects of 17-AAG-mediated Hsp90 inhibition on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human HCC cell lines, Hep3B and HuH7, were exposed to 17-AAG and cell viabilities and apoptosis were determined. Cell cycle profiles were analyzed and the G(2)/M cell cycle checkpoint proteins cdc2 and cyclin B1 were examined. Studies were performed to determine whether 17-AAG-mediated cdc2 decrease was due to altered gene expression, transcription, or protein degradation. The effects of 17-AAG on Hep3B and HuH7 xenograft growth in athymic nude mice were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hep3B and HuH7 treated with 17-AAG versus untreated controls showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Cells treated with 17-AAG also showed an increased fraction in G(2)/M phase and an associated decrease in cdc2 through protein degradation rather than through other mechanisms. Hsp90 inhibition by 17-AAG also decreased HCC xenograft growth in association with decreased cdc2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  17-AAG-mediated inhibition of Hsp90 abrogates human HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo through cdc2 decrease, which in turn induces G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hsp90 is a mediator of HCC growth and survival and its inhibition may serve as a potential treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Behrns
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D005260:Female; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D019926:Cyclin B; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; C112765:tanespimycin; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; C528899:CDK1 protein, human; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases