title: Identification of sex pheromone components of the hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor.
abstract: Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses of ovipositor extract of calling Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, females revealed that seven compounds elicited responses from male antennae. Four of the compounds-(2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, (2S,10Z)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, and (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol-were identified previously in female extracts. Two new EAD-active compounds, (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate and (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, were identified by GC-mass spectroscopy (MS) and the use of synthetic reference samples. In a Y-tube bioassay, a five-component blend (1 ng (2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, 10 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, 1 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol, 1 ng (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, and 1 ng (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate) was as attractive to male Hessian flies as a similar amount of female extract (with respect to the main compound, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate). The five-component blend was more attractive to male flies than a three-component blend lacking the two dienes. Furthermore, the five-component blend was more attractive than a blend with the same compounds but that contained one tenth the concentration of (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (more accurately mimicking the ratios found in female extract). This suggests that the ratios emitted by females might deviate from those in gland extracts. In a field-trapping experiment, the five-component blend applied to polyethylene cap dispensers in a 100:10 microg ratio between the main component and each of the other blend components attracted a significant number of male Hessian flies. Also, a small-plot field test demonstrated the attractiveness of the five-component blend to male Hessian flies and suggests that this pheromone blend may be useful for monitoring and predicting Hessian fly outbreaks in agricultural systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haftmann
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Sue E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cambron
authors.forename: Marion O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Wittko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Francke
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hillbur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004175:Diptera / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants