title: Gender differences among patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although prior studies have demonstrated disparities in the management and outcomes of women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), there are limited large-scale contemporary data on gender differences in post-intervention outcomes in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed patients according to 2 ACS categories, unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had a percutaneous coronary intervention in the ACC-NCDR from January 1, 2004, to March 30, 2006. Of 199,690 patients, 55,691 women presented with UA/NSTEMI, and 12,335 women presented with STEMI. Clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural and treatment patterns, and in-hospital outcomes were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women presented more often with UA/NSTEMI than men (82% of women vs 77% of men, P < .0001). Despite having greater comorbidities, women in both ACS categories had fewer high risk angiographic features than men. Women were less likely to receive aspirin or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and were less often discharged on aspirin or statin. For in-hospital mortality, the adjusted odds ratio for men compared to women was similar (odds ratio 0.97, P = .5). Women had higher rates of cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, any bleeding, and any vascular complications. Importantly, rates of subacute stent thrombosis were less in women compared to men (0.43% vs 0.57%, P = .0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although women had fewer high-risk angiographic features than men, they continue to have higher rates of in-hospital complications. This suggests the need for gender-tailored techniques to minimize post-intervention complications and maximize application of evidence-based antiplatelet therapies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Nausheen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milford-Beland
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Piana
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Adhir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shroff
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States