title: Rapid all-in-one three-step immunoassay for non-instrumental detection of ochratoxin A in high-coloured herbs and spices.
abstract: A feasible three-step method for ochratoxin A (OTA) rapid detection was developed and applied for OTA screening in high-coloured matrices such as liquorice, ginger, nutmeg, black pepper, white pepper and Capsicum spp. spices at a control level of 10mugkg(-1). The method was based on the clean-up tandem immunoassay column and involved three steps: extract application, washing step and application of chromogenic substrate. A significant simplification of the assay was reached by using an additional frit with conjugate inside the clean-up tandem immunoassay column. The time for analysis was less than 10min, including 5min for colour development. Results were visually evaluated as colour development for negative result or no colour development for positive result. The method was coupled with a simple methanol-based extraction. A total of 27 samples were screened for OTA with the proposed method. It was shown that two samples of red pepper and one sample of liquorice, pili-pili, chilli and cayenne were contaminated with OTA above the control level at 10mugkg(-1), but none of tested ginger, nutmeg, black pepper and white pepper.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Saratov State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Common and Inorganic Chemistry, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina Yu
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Goryacheva
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
authors.forename: Irina S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Nesterenko
authors.forename: Sergei A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eremin
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Peteghem