Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix and vesicles.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the connective tissue component generated and secreted by cells to provide structural and functional support, while extracellular vesicles are distinct membrane-enclosed structures present outside of eucaryotic cells that carry out distinct biological functions. Different cell types release distinct populations of vesicles that fulfill various functions. Exosomes are vesicles commonly secreted by a variety of cells, whereas matrix vesicles (MVs) are specifically produced and secreted by bone cells to facilitate the formation of the ECM. This article focuses on the characteristics of the ECM and extracellular vesicles, and reviews the latest progress in applying proteomic technologies to analyze these features. The findings and implications in developmental biology, tumor biology, immunology, biomarker discovery, and vaccine research are also discussed.
Xiao
Zhen
Z
Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. xiaoz@mail.nih.gov
Blonder
Josip
J
Zhou
Ming
M
Veenstra
Timothy D
TD
D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020543:Proteome