title: Bronchogenic carcinoma after lung transplantation: characteristics and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer may occur in the lung transplant population because many patients are former smokers. Not much is known about risk factors and outcomes in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a search of the lung transplant database at our institution to identify patients who had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Records and reports were reviewed for demographics, risk factors for malignancy, lung transplant characteristics, radiographic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 lung transplant patients with bronchogenic carcinoma at our institution [age 47.2 +/- 13.2 years (mean +/- SD); 7 (58%) men and 5 (42%) women]. Eleven patients were transplanted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Time from transplantation to diagnosis of cancer was 119 (21-416) [mean (range)] weeks. Eleven cancers occurred in the native lung; most common cancer cell types were adenocarcinoma (N = 5). Incidence among patients with COPD, who received single lung transplantation was 5.15%. Time from diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma to death was 10.8 (1-60) [mean (range)] weeks with a 75% (9/12) 1-year mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among our patients, almost all cancers occurred in native lung in ex-smokers who received a lung transplant for COPD. The cancer was often an incidental finding on a routine chest radiograph; however, the disease was usually at an advanced stage at diagnosis, limiting therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Omar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Minai
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Budev
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: Sudish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Gosta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Atul C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome