title: Cannabis sativa smoke inhalation decreases bone filling around titanium implants: a histomorphometric study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the harmful effect of tobacco smoking on titanium implants has been documented, no studies have investigated the effects of cannabis sativa (marijuana) smoking. Thus, this study investigated whether marijuana smoke influences bone healing around titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Wistar rats were used. After anesthesia, the tibiae surface was exposed and 1 screw-shaped titanium implant was placed bilaterally. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (n = 15) and marijuana smoke inhalation (MSI) 8 min/d (n = 15). Urine samples were obtained to detect the presence of tetra-hidro-cannabinoid. After 60 days, the animals were killed. The degree of bone-to-implant contact and the bone area within the limits of the threads of the implant were measured in the cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tetra-hidro-cannabinoid in urine was positive only for the rats of MSI group. Intergroup analysis did not indicate differences in zone A-cortical bone (P > 0.01), however, a negative effect of marijuana smoke (MSI group) was observed in zone B-cancellous bone for bone-to-implant contact and bone area (Student's t test, P < 0.01) values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the limitations of the present study, the deleterious impact of cannabis sativa smoke on bone healing may represent a new concern for implant success/failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Getulio da R
authors.initials: Gda R
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Filho
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cadide
authors.forename: Bruno T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Tiago G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Neiva
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tunes
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peruzzo
authors.forename: Francisco Humberto
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: César-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013977:Tibia; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D013759:Dronabinol