title: Receptor binding ligands to image infection.
abstract: The current gold standard for imaging infection is radiolabeled white blood cells. For reasons of safety, simplicity and cost, it would be desirable to have a receptor-specific ligand that could be used for imaging infection and that would allow a differential diagnosis between sterile and septic inflammatory processes. Ligands tested for this purpose include labeled peptides ((99m)Tc-labeled f-Met-Leu-Phe, (123)I-IL-1ra, (99m)Tc-IL-8, (99m)Tc-P483H, (99m)Tc-P1827DS, (99m)Tc-C5a-des-Arg, (99m)Tc-RP517, (11)In-DPC11870-11), human polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftizoxime, isoniazid, ethambutol, fluconazole, all labeled with (99m)Tc), antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages. Radiolabeled antibodies represent a valid alternative to labeled white blood cells under specific conditions and indications. Radiolabeled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for an infection-specific radiopharmaceutical. However, at present we still need to investigate many basic aspects to better understand the mechanisms of binding and accumulation of this class of radiopharmaceuticals to bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostics, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chianelli
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Boerman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malviya
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: W J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Signore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008024:Ligands; D011485:Protein Binding; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface