title: Effects of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on cognitive functioning in patients with alzheimer disease.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between the vascular comorbidities (VCs) of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and the cognitive phenotype of Alzheimer disease (AD). Seventy-four AD patients underwent objective measurement of blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and they received a detailed neuropsychologic evaluation examining attention, memory, language, visuomotor/visuospatial skills, and executive functioning. Multiple regression analyses controlling for demographic variables, overall cognitive status, and the presence of diabetes/cardiac disease indicated that an increase in the number of VCs, but not their severity, was associated with poorer verbal and visual recall, visuoconstructive and spatial analysis, verbal reasoning, and set shifting. The findings demonstrate that VCs are associated with specific aspects of cognitive functioning in AD patients. The mechanisms likely involve the effects of VCs on cerebrovascular disease including white matter disruption. The results highlight the importance of controlling these risk factors in patients who carry the diagnosis of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. fgoldst@emory.edu
authors.forename: Felicia C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Angela V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Yohannes W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Endeshaw
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanfelt
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lah
authors.forename: Allan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Levey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests