title: Genomic organization of regions that regulate chicken glycine decarboxylase gene transcription: physiological and pathological implications.
abstract: Regions required for chicken glycine decarboxylase gene transcription were examined. A region between -82 and +22 (-82/+22) with motifs similar to binding sites for Sp1, NF-Y and CP2 was assigned to the proximal promoter active in both chicken hepatoma cell line, LMH, and hepatocytes in primary culture. In LMH cells, a genomic region, KX, between KpnI (-4155) and XbaI (-2113) sites changed promoter activity with the aid of four additional genomic regions termed upstream regulator regions for suppression (UpRS) and activation (UpRA) of transcription. Those precise segments are UpR1S (-376/-346), UpR1A (-345/-291), UpR2S (-137/-108) and UpR2A (-107/-83). Within KX, -4155/-3605 activates and -3604/-3367 suppresses the promoter. -3366/-3024 activates or suppresses the promoter, probably with different UpR counterparts. -2197/-2113 restores the actions of -3366/-3024. While in LMH cells, the upstream UpRs abrogate the functions of immediately downstream UpRs, UpR1S or UpR2S or both may be at least less active in hepatocytes than in LMH cells. Nuclear extracts from various chicken tissues and LMH cells had UpR2A binding proteins in different populations, suggesting that together with the UpRs, the segments in KX are involved in the regulation of cell type-specific transcription of this gene.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Soshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Dwaipayan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sikdar
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Omar Mahmoud Mohamed
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Mohafez
authors.forename: Mohammed Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D050841:Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA; D050841:Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating)