title: The rate of manual microscopic examination of urine sediment: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 11,243 urinalysis tests from 88 institutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The manual microscopic examination (MME) of the urine sediment is an imprecise and labor-intensive procedure. Many laboratories have developed rules from clinical parameters or urinalysis results to limit the number of these examinations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of urinalysis specimens on which an MME of the urine sediment was performed, document how various rules influence this rate, and determine whether any new information was learned from the MME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants selected 10 random urinalysis tests received during each traditional shift and determined if an MME was performed until a total of 50 urinalysis tests with an MME were reviewed. Participants recorded the rules that elicited an MME and any new information learned from such an examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MME rate for the median institution was 62.5%. An MME of urine was most frequently done for an abnormal urinalysis result and often resulted in new information being learned, irrespective of the rule that elicited the MME. The median institution learned new information as a result of the manual examination 66% of the time. The use of an automated microscopic analyzer was associated with fewer manual examinations (P = .005), whereas the ability of a clinician to order a manual examination was associated with more manual examinations (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an automated microscopic analyzer may decrease the number of MMEs. An MME when triggered by an abnormal macroscopic appearance of urine, a physician request, or virtually any positive urinalysis result often resulted in new information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA. joetworek@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tworek
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Molly K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010337:Pathology Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D014481:United States; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*