title: Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of psychological responses believed to be associated with resumption of sport following athletic injury--emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal--were incorporated into a 12-item ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty participants who had undergone ACL reconstruction completed the scale between 8 and 22 months following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scale was shown to have acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.92). Participants who had given up sport scored significantly lower on the scale (reflecting a more negative psychological response) than those who had returned or were planning to return to sport (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the decision to return to sport after ACL reconstruction is associated with a significant psychological response. Preliminary reliability and validity was found for the ACL-RSI scale. This scale may help to identify athletes who will find sport resumption difficult.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia. k.webster@latrobe.edu.au
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Julian A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult