title: A longitudinal study of women's memory of labour pain--from 2 months to 5 years after the birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the memory of labour pain at 2 months, 1 year and 5 years after childbirth and its association with the use of epidural analgesia and overall evaluation of childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred eighty-three women, who were recruited at their first antenatal visit and who provided complete data up to 5 years after the birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal questionnaires in the second trimester and 2 months, 1 year and 5 years after the birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory of labour pain measured by a seven-point rating scale (1 = no pain at all, 7 = worst imaginable pain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Memory of labour pain declined during the observation period but not in women with a negative overall experience of childbirth. Women who had epidural analgesia reported higher pain scores at all time points, suggesting that these women remember 'peak pain'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was significant individual variation in recollection of labour pain. In the small group of women who are dissatisfied with childbirth overall, memory of pain seems to play an important role many years after the event. These findings challenge the view that labour pain has little influence on subsequent satisfaction with childbirth. In-labour pain and long-term memory of pain are discussed as two separate outcomes involving different memory systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ulla.waldenstrom@ki.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Waldenström
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schytt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000523:psychology; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011939:Mental Recall; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology; D010298:Parity; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult