title: Effects of ingested nano-sized titanium dioxide on terrestrial isopods (Porcellio scaber).
abstract: The effects of ingested nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2; anatase, 15 nm) on the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) after short-term (3-d) dietary exposure were studied. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in digestive glands were affected in a dose-independent manner, but higher-level isopod endpoints, including weight change, feeding rate, food assimilation efficiency, and survival, were not affected up to the highest tested concentration of TiO2 in food (3,000 microg/g). Exposure concentrations of 0.5, 2,000, and 3,000 microg nonsonicated TiO2/g food decreased CAT and GST activities, but intermediate concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1,000 microg/g food) did not result in significant changes of enzyme activities. When the dispersion of TiO2 was sonicated, no effects on enzyme activities or higher-level biomarkers were observed. The experimental setup with terrestrial isopods designed for dissolved chemicals also is suitable for testing the effects of ingested nanoparticles, but the presentation of toxicity data needs to be adapted according to the mode of action of the nanoparticles and their specific characteristics.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. anita.jemec@ki.si
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jemec
authors.forename: Damjana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drobne
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remskar
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sepcić
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tisler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D033321:Isopoda / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014197:Trees; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase