title: Endometrial hyperplasia risk in relation to recent use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the relationship between recent use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy and endometrial hyperplasia (EH) risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases comprised women diagnosed with complex EH (n = 289) or atypical EH (n = 173) between 1985 and 2003. One age-matched control was selected for each case; excluded were women with a prior hysterectomy or diagnosis of EH or endometrial cancer. Hormone use in the 6 months prior to the date of the case's first symptoms was ascertained using a pharmacy database and medical records. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three (1.1%) cases had used oral contraceptives, compared to 16 (6.0%) controls (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.0-0.6). Fifty-one (16.8%) cases had taken estrogen-only hormone therapy, in contrast to two (0.7%) controls (OR = 37.6, 95% CI: 8.8-160.0). The risk of EH among estrogen plus progestin hormone users did not differ from that of non-users (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4-1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that previous findings of the association of estrogen-only hormone therapy with increased risk of EH and the lack of an association between estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy and EH risk are likely to apply to both complex EH and atypical EH. Further examination of the association between oral contraceptives and EH, with greater numbers of OC users, is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. mepplein@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Meira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epplein
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Lynda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Noel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011374:Progesterone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017584:Reproductive History; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone