title: Mutation analysis of a large Chinese pedigree with congenital preaxial polydactyly.
abstract: Mutations in the long-range limb-specific cis-regulator (ZRS) could cause ectopic shh gene expression and are responsible for preaxial polydactyly (PPD). In this study, we analyzed a large Chinese isolated autosomal dominant PPD pedigree. By fine mapping and haplotype construction, we located the linked region to a 1.7 cM interval between flanking markers D7S2465 and D7S2423 of chromosome 7q36. We directly sequenced the candidate loci in this linked region, including the coding regions of the five genes (HLXB9, LMBR1, NOM1, RNF32 and C7orf13), the regulatory element (ZRS) of shh, the whole intron 5 of LMBR1 which contained the ZRS, and 18 conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs). Interestingly, no pathogenic mutation was identified. By using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), we also excluded the ZRS duplication in this pedigree. Our results indicate that, at least, it is not the mutation in a functional gene, CNS region or duplication of ZRS that cause the phenotype of this pedigree. The etiology of this PPD family still remains unclear and the question whether another limb-specific regulatory element of shh gene exists in the noncoding region in this 1.7 cM interval remains open for future research.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cheng-Ye
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jia-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gui-Sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yong-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lu-Hang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology