title: Identification of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous papillomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) and determine p16, p53 and Ki67 expression in a Mexican cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen cases diagnosed as ESP, corresponding to 18 patients were reviewed; nineteen cases of normal esophageal mucosa were used as negative controls. HPV detection was performed by amplified chromogenic in situ hybridization (ACISH) using a wide spectrum-cocktail probe and PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at presentation was 46.3 years (range 28-72 years). Patients included four (22.22%) males and 14 (77.77%) females. The most frequent location was upper third (11 cases), followed by middle third (3 cases) and unknown site (5 cases). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed basal and focal p53 expression in 17 cases (89%); p16 was expressed in eight cases (42.10%) and the Ki67 index ranged from 10% to 30%. HPV was detected in 14 out of 16 cases (87.5%) by ACISH: Twelve showed diffuse nuclear patterns and two showed granular patterns. HPV DNA was identified by PCR in 12 out of 14 cases (85.7%). Low-risk HPV types were detected in the most of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides identification of HPV infection in almost 80% of ESP using either ACISH or PCR; overall, all of these lesions show low expression of cell-cycle markers. We suggest ACISH as an alternative diagnostic tool for HPV detection in ESP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. omejiam@gmail.com
authors.forename: Olga-L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saldivar
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Sosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D052140:Human papillomavirus 11 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53