title: Determination of tropicamide and its major impurity in raw material by the HPLC-DAD analysis and identification of this impurity using the off-line HPLC-FT-IR coupling.
abstract: This study presents TLC, HPLC-DAD and HPLC-FT-IR analyses concerning the detection, identification and determination of organic impurities of commercial tropicamide ((R,S)-N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)propanamide) as a medical substance designed for the production of eye drops. In the examined samples from several random production batches, only one impurity (defined by Ph. Eur. 6th Ed.) was discovered in the amount sufficient for the quantitative analysis. On the basis of comparison of retention times, UV and IR spectra of the impurity and its synthesized standard, this impurity was identified as apotropicamide (N-ethyl-2-phenyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)prop-2-enamide). For the chemical identification of organic compounds occurring in the tropicamide samples, an off-line coupling of HPLC with FT-IR was used. The structure of a standard of apotropicamide was confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR analysis. Validation of the HPLC-DAD method of determination both tropicamide and apotropicamide in the tropicamide medical substance was performed. This method is suitable for use in the quality control of tropicamide during its production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. zdzislawa.stefanowicz@wum.edu.pl
authors.forename: Zdzisława
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stefanowicz
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefanowicz
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulas
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004340:Drug Contamination; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; C540160:N-ethyl-2-phenyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)prop-2-enamide; D014331:Tropicamide