title: Simvastatin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleomycin-induced fibrosis is extensively used to model aspects of the pathogenesis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the benefic effects and mechanisms of simvastatin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were administered with simvastatin in different doses for 28 days. We measured inflammatory response, fibrogenic cytokines and profibrogenic markers in both bleomycin-stimulated and control lungs, and correlated these parameters with pulmonary fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simvastatin attenuated the histopathological change of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and prevented the increase of lung hydroxyproline content and collagen (I and III) mRNA expression induced by bleomycin. Moreover, simvastatin down-regulated the increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induced by bleomycin at both gene and protein levels. Simultaneously, the accumulation of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid were inhibited by simvastatin in early inflammatory phase after bleomycin infusion. The higher dose of simvastatin was associated with a more significant reduction in these inflammatory and fibrotic parameters. Furthermore, the inactivation of p38, RhoA and Smad2/3 signaling pathways was observed during simvastatin administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simvastatin attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as indicated by decreases in Ashcroft score and lung collagen accumulation. The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on the progression of pulmonary fibrosis may be demonstrated by reducing inflammatory response and production of TGF-beta1 and CTGF. These findings indicate that simvastatin may be used in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xue-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yu-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Fu-qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xiang-yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001761:Bleomycin; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001761:Bleomycin; D019821:Simvastatin