title: Differentiation of early-stage Alzheimer's disease from other types of dementia using brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography with easy Z-score imaging system analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate computer-assisted automated discrimination of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) from other types of dementia using the easy Z-score imaging system (eZIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  eZIS analysis of brain perfusion SPECT images was used in patients with early AD, vascular dementia (VD), mixed dementia (VD + AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and normal controls. Significant changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the volume of interest were assessed in the posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus and parietal cortices; the severity and extent of decreases in rCBF and the ratio of the extent of the decrease in rCBF to the decrease in whole-brain blood flow (rCBF ratio) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of the decrease in rCBF in AD patients was significantly greater than in VD and FTD patients and controls. The extent of the decrease in rCBF in AD patients was significantly greater than in FTD patients and controls. The rCBF ratio in AD patients was higher than in VD and FTD patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eZIS indices, especially the rCBF ratio, may be useful in establishing the differential diagnosis between early-stage AD and FTD or VD, but the differentiation of AD from VD + AD or DLB remains difficult.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. waragai@kk.iij4u.or.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waragai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; C059659:technetium Tc 99m bicisate; D003545:Cysteine