title: Inhibition of human prostate cancer cells proliferation by a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist labedipinedilol-A involves cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
abstract: In this research, we conducted an in vitro analysis to evaluate the prostate cancer cells response to labedipinedilol-A in order to determine the effect of this selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist to suppress prostate cancer cell growth by affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we report that treatment of androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (PC-3) prostate cancer cells with labedipinedilol-A inhibited cell proliferation in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners. Moreover, norepinephrine-stimulated proliferation of both cell lines are markedly inhibited by labedipinedilol-A. The probable involvement of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in this cellular response is suggested. Labedipinedilol-A-induced growth inhibition was associated with G(0)/G(1) arrest, and G(2)/M arrest depending upon concentrations. Cell cycle blockade was associated with reduced amounts of cyclin D1/2, cyclin E, Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6 and increased levels of the Cdk inhibitory proteins (Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27). In addition, labedipinedilol-A also induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, as determined by using Hoechst 33342 staining, DNA fragmentation, and Annexin V staining assay. Furthermore, labedipinedilol-A triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by increasing the expression of Bax, but decreasing the level of Bcl-2, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. We further investigated the role of MAPK cascades in the anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects of labedipinedilol-A, and confirmed that labedipinedilol-A could activate JNK1/2 but not p38 in both cell lines. Unlike JNK1/2, however, labedipinedilol-A treatment resulted in down-regulation of phospho-ERK1/2 expression. We concluded that labedipinedilol-A possessed the growth-suppressive and apoptotic effects on LNCaP and PC-3 cells by its alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blockade, and the apoptotic effects of labedipinedilol-A primarily through caspases and MAPKs mediated pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Hung-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jyh-Chong
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ing-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jwu-Lai
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000840:Anisoles; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; C500368:labedipinedilol A; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride