title: Mild mitochondrial uncoupling induces 3T3-L1 adipocyte de-differentiation by a PPARgamma-independent mechanism, whereas TNFalpha-induced de-differentiation is PPARgamma dependent.
abstract: Impairment of mitochondrial activity affects lipid-metabolizing tissues and mild mitochondrial uncoupling has been proposed as a possible strategy to fight obesity and associated diseases. In this report, we characterized the 3T3-L1-adipocyte ;de-differentiation' induced by carbonyl cyanide (p-trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler. We found a decrease in triglyceride (TG) content in adipocytes incubated with this molecule. We next analyzed the expression of genes encoding adipogenic markers and effectors and compared the differentially expressed genes in adipocytes treated with FCCP or TNFalpha (a cytokine known to induce adipocyte de-differentiation). Furthermore, a significant decrease in the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha transcription factors was found in adipocytes with impaired mitochondrial activity. However, although these modifications were also found in TNFalpha-treated adipocytes, rosiglitazone and 9-cis retinoic acid (PPARgamma and RXR ligands) were unable to prevent triglyceride loss in FCCP-treated cells. Metabolic assays also revealed that TG reduction could be mediated by a downregulation of lipid synthesis rather than an upregulation of fatty acid oxidation. Finally, lipolysis stimulated by the uncoupler also seems to contribute to the TG reduction, a process associated with perilipin A downregulation. These results highlight some new mechanisms that might potentially be involved in adipocyte de-differentiation initiated by a mitochondrial uncoupling.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tejerina
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Pauw
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vankoningsloo
authors.forename: Andrée
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Houbion
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Longueville
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arnould
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D047495:PPAR gamma; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone