title: Antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents from Juniperus berries.
abstract: A bioassay-guided fractionation of Juniperus procera berries yielded antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents, including a wide range of known abietane, pimarane and labdane diterpenes. Among these, abieta-7,13-diene (1) demonstrated in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains (IC(50) = 1.9 and 2.0 microg/mL, respectively), while totarol (6), ferruginol (7) and 7beta-hydroxyabieta-8,13-diene-11,12-dione (8) inhibited Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC(50) values of 3.5-4.6 microg/mL. In addition, totarol demonstrated nematicidal and antifouling activities against Caenorhabditis elegans and Artemia salina at a concentration of 80 microg/mL and 1 microg/mL, respectively. The resinous exudate of J. virginiana afforded known antibacterial E-communic acid (4) and 4-epi-abietic acid (5), while the volatile oil from its trunk wood revealed large quantities of cedrol (9). Using GC/MS, the two known abietanes totarol (6) and ferruginol (7) were identified from the berries of J. procera, J. excelsa and J. phoenicea.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA. voxa@olemiss.edu
authors.forename: Volodymyr
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Samoylenko
authors.forename: D Chuck
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: Md Abdul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gafur
authors.forename: Shabana I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Samir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Jaber S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mossa
authors.forename: Farouk S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: El-Feraly
authors.forename: Babu L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tekwani
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosselaers
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018653:Juniperus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D012116:Resins, Plant; C101761:abieta-7(8),13(14)-diene; C461919:communic acid; C431074:ferruginol; C433018:pimarane; C078548:totarol; C023710:abietic acid