Mutational inactivation of PTPRD in glioblastoma multiforme and malignant melanoma.
An additional tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p telomeric to the CDKN2A/B locus has long been postulated to exist. Using Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to screen for copy number changes in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we detected a high frequency of deletions of the PTPRD gene, which encodes a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase at chromosome 9p23-24.1. Missense and nonsense mutations of PTPRD were identified in a subset of the samples lacking deletions, including an inherited mutation with somatic loss of the wild-type allele. We then sequenced the gene in melanoma and identified 10 somatic mutations in 7 of 57 tumors (12%). Reconstitution of PTPRD expression in GBM and melanoma cells harboring deletions or mutations led to growth suppression and apoptosis that was alleviated by both the somatic and constitutional mutations. These data implicate PTPRD in the pathogenesis of tumors of neuroectodermal origin and, when taken together with other recent reports of PTPRD mutations in adenocarcinoma of the colon and lung, suggest that PTPRD may be one of a select group of tumor suppressor genes that are inactivated in a wide range of common human tumor types.
Solomon
David A
DA
Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA.
Kim
Jung-Sik
JS
Cronin
Julia C
JC
Sibenaller
Zita
Z
Ryken
Timothy
T
Rosenberg
Steven A
SA
Ressom
Habtom
H
Jean
Walter
W
Bigner
Darell
D
Yan
Hai
H
Samuels
Yardena
Y
Waldman
Todd
T
D000818:Animals; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
C090899:PTPRD protein, human; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2