title: DNA internal standard for the quantitative determination of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures.
abstract: Here, we show a new, simple, and rapid SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR assay for the quantification of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures. As a test plant, Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva-M., a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family able to induce hallucinations, changes in perception, or other psychologically induced changes with similar potency as LSD, was used. The method was tested on seven mixtures 100/0%, 80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60%, 20/80%, 10/90%, 0/100% (w/w) S. divinorum versus a non-hallucinogenic plant, Salvia officinalis. Total DNA was extracted from samples and quantified by Real-Time PCR. Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA was added, as internal standard, at the beginning of each extraction. A new formula for the interpretation of Real-Time PCR data, based on the relative quantification of DNA extracted from mixture versus a reference DNA extracted from a known amount of pure S. divinorum, was developed. The results of this work show an almost perfect correspondence between Real-Time PCR-calculated weight and the weight estimated by an analytical weighted method, proving the effectiveness of this method for the quantitative analysis of a given species in a plant mixture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Centre of Excellence CEBIOVEM, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Pino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.forename: Cinzia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bertea
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Temporale
authors.forename: Massimo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Maffei
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000592:standards*; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006213:Hallucinogens; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012015:Reference Standards; D027544:Salvia / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D006213:Hallucinogens