title: DLC1 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins to inhibit RhoGAP activity and block nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.
abstract: Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that is downregulated in various tumor types. In vitro, DLC1 specifically inactivates the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB and RhoC through its GAP domain and this appears to contribute to its tumor suppressor function in vivo. Molecular mechanisms that control DLC1 activity have not so far been investigated. Here, we show that phorbol-ester-induced activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase D stimulates association of DLC1 with the phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding 14-3-3 adaptor proteins via recognition motifs that involve Ser327 and Ser431. Association with 14-3-3 proteins inhibits DLC1 GAP activity and facilitates signaling by active Rho. We further show that treatment of cells with phorbol ester or coexpression of 14-3-3 proteins, blocks DLC1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, probably by masking a previously unrecognized nuclear localization sequence. The binding to 14-3-3 proteins is thus a newly discovered mechanism by which DLC1 activity is regulated and compartmentalized.
authors.affiliation: University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf-Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regner
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theil
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Erlmann
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holeiter
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jähne
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hausser
authors.forename: Monilola A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olayioye
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C112352:DLC1 protein, human; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C085379:rho GTPase-activating protein; D012694:Serine; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C