title: Field experiments on high expansion (HEX) foam application for controlling LNG pool fire.
abstract: Previous research suggests that high expansion foam with an expansion ratio of 500 to 1 is one of the best options for controlling liquefied natural gas (LNG) pool fire on land. However, its effectiveness heavily depends on the foam application rate, foam generator location, and the design of LNG spill containment dike. Examination of these factors is necessary to achieve the maximum benefit for applying HEX on LNG pool fires. While theoretical study of the effects of foam on LNG fires is important, the complicated phenomena involved in LNG pool fire and foam application increase the need for LNG field experimentation. Therefore, five LNG experiments were conducted at Texas A&M University's Brayton Fire Training Field. ANGUS FIRE provided Expandol solution to form 500 to 1 high expansion foam (HEX) and its latest LNG Turbex Fixed High Expansion Foam Generators. In this paper, data collected during five experiments are presented and analyzed. The effectiveness of high expansion foam for controlling LNG pool fires with various application rates at two different types of containment pits is discussed. LNG fire behaviors and the effects of dike wall height are also presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
authors.forename: Jaffee A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Suardin
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: M Sam
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mannan
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D005388:Fire Extinguishing Systems; D005390:Fires; D005579:Fossil Fuels
chemical_list: D005579:Fossil Fuels