Astrocytes and ischemic injury.
Ischemic injury is traditionally viewed from an axiomatic perspective of neuronal loss. Yet the ischemic infarct encompasses all cell types, including astrocytes. This review will discuss the idea that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemic neuronal death. It is proposed that stroke injury is primarily a consequence of the failure of astrocytes to support the essential metabolic needs of neurons. This "gliocentric view" of stroke injury predicts that pharmacological interventions specifically targeting neurons are unlikely to succeed, because it is not feasible to preserve neuronal viability in an environment that fails to meet essential metabolic requirements. Neuroprotective efforts targeting the functional integrity of astrocytes may constitute a superior strategy for future neuroprotection.
Takano
Takahiro
T
Divison of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Oberheim
Nancyann
N
Cotrina
Maria Luisa
ML
Nedergaard
Maiken
M
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate