[Empowerment of children and adolescents--the role of personal and social resources and personal autonomy for subjective health].
OBJECTIVE
Scientific research on empowerment so far is nearly exclusively focused on the adult population. Nevertheless, it is possible to show a link between empowerment and a) the developmental psychology concepts of resilience, b) autogenetic concepts and c) concepts of risks and resources. This paper aims to study the role of personal, familial and other social resources as well as personal autonomy for subjective health-ratings.


METHODS
A secondary analysis of the health data of 7,000 children and adolescents aged 10-17 years of the German health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study as well as 1,700 children aged 11-17 years of the mental health module (BELLA Study) within the German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS) was performed. Statistical analyses encompassed analyses of variance and linear regression.


RESULTS
Analyses of the HBSC study showed a protective effect for school-class climate as well as parental support, whereby school was associated with fewer self-reported health complaints. Analyses of the BELLA/KiGGS study showed personal, familial and other social resources as well as personal autonomy as unique predictors for a better health-related quality of life (KINDL-R). This was true even if psychological problems were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The results confirm the importance of strengthening personal, familial and other social resources as well as the principal importance of personal autonomy for coping with health risks and health impairments. Future research explicitly focussed on empowerment could relate to the role of personal resources within children's and adolescents' contact with the medical and health care system. It can be expected that strengthening personal resources benefits and improves the communication and active participation of children and adolescents within treatment-decision and -evaluation.
Erhart
M
M
Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychosomatik, Zentrum für Geburtshilfe, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.
Wille
N
N
Ravens-Sieberer
U
U
D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000639:trends*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000639:trends*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012944:Social Support