Effect of comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle changes on prehypertension.
Although national clinical guidelines promulgate therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) as a cornerstone in the management of prehypertension, there is a perceived ineffectiveness of TLC in the real world. In this study of 2,478 ethnically diverse (African Americans n = 448, Caucasians n = 1,881) men (n = 666) and women (n = 1,812) with prehypertension and no known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease, we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of TLC in normalizing blood pressure (BP) without antihypertensive medications. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and after an average of 6 months of participation in a community-based program of TLC. TLC included exercise training, nutrition, weight management, stress management, and smoking cessation interventions. Baseline BP (125 +/- 8/79 +/- 3 mm Hg) decreased by 6 +/- 12/3 +/- 3 mm Hg (p <or=0.001), with 952 subjects (38.4%) normalizing their BP (p <or=0.001). In subjects with a baseline systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg (n = 2,082), systolic BP decreased by 7 +/- 12 mm Hg (p <or=0.001). In subjects with a baseline diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg (n = 1,504), diastolic BP decreased by 6 +/- 3 mm Hg (p <or=0.001). There were no racial differences in the magnitude of reduction in BP; however, women had greater BP reductions than men (p <or=0.001). Also, subjects with a baseline body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m(2) had a greater reduction in BP than those with a BMI >or=30 kg/m(2). In conclusion, the present study adds to previous research by reporting on the effectiveness, rather than the efficacy, of TLC when administered in a real-world, community-based setting.
Bavikati
Venkata V
VV
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sperling
Laurence S
LS
Salmon
Richard D
RD
Faircloth
George C
GC
Gordon
Terri L
TL
Franklin
Barry A
BA
Gordon
Neil F
NF
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D044465:White People