title: Influence of a walking program on the metabolic risk profile of obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Menopause transition is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which may partly explain the higher coronary heart disease risk. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a 16-week walking program on the metabolic risk profile of women 50 to 65 years old whose body mass index ranged from 29 to 35 kg/m.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 153 postmenopausal women were subjected to three sessions per week of 45-minutes of walking at 60% of their heart rate reserve. At baseline, 46 and 84 women were characterized by one and two or more determinants of MS, respectively, whereas 23 women did not show this condition. Body composition, resting blood pressure, fasting lipid-lipoprotein profile, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were measured before and after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole sample of 153 women, CRF estimated by V(O2max) increased in response to walking (P < 0.0001). Endurance training promoted body weight and fat mass losses and reduced waist girth and blood pressure, whereas it decreased plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.0001). Improvements in lipid-lipoprotein levels were not associated with increases in CRF but seemed to be dependent on reduced body fatness. However, the greatest ameliorations in metabolic risk profile were found in women characterized by two or more determinants of MS at baseline than in the two other groups (0.05 < P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate-intensity physical activity is thus sufficient to reduce the metabolic risk profile of postmenopausal women characterized by the presence of one or several clinical features of MS but without overt coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: UFR STAPS, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaubert
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Charbonnier
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auneau
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mauriège
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000628:therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017698:Postmenopause; D016138:Walking