title: [Empowerment and health promotion programming].
abstract: Health promotion often presents a tension between "bottom up" and "top down" programming. "Bottom-up" is associated with community empowerment and begins on issues of concern to particular groups or individuals and regards an increase in overall control as an important element of the health outcome. "Top-down" is associated with disease prevention efforts and begins by seeking to involve beneficiaries on issues defined by health agencies. It regards improvements in health behaviours or bio-medical indicators as the important outcome and community empowerment is viewed simply as a means to the end of health behaviour change. The tension between these two approaches is not unresolvable, and this article presents a framework, the "parallel-track", intended to assist health promotion practitioners to systematically accommodate community empowerment goals within "top-down" health programming.
authors.affiliation: University of Auckland, Neuseeland. g.laverack@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laverack
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003142:Communication; D003210:Concept Formation; D005858:Germany; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000639:trends*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000639:trends*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011209:Power, Psychological