title: Aurora kinase inhibitors synergize with paclitaxel to induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large percentage of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer develop resistance to the taxane class of chemotherapeutics. While mechanisms of resistance are being discovered, novel treatment options and a better understanding of disease resistance are sorely needed. The mitotic kinase Aurora-A directly regulates cellular processes targeted by the taxanes and is overexpressed in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Recent data has shown that overexpression of Aurora-A can confer resistance to the taxane paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used expression profiling of ovarian tumor samples to determine the most significantly overexpressed genes. In this study we sought to determine if chemical inhibition of the Aurora kinase family using VE-465 could synergize with paclitaxel to induce apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aurora-A kinase and TPX2, an activator of Aurora-A, are two of the most significantly overexpressed genes in ovarian carcinomas. We show that inhibition of the Aurora kinases prevents phosphorylation of a mitotic marker and demonstrate a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in treated ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrate at low doses that are specific to Aurora-A, VE-465 synergizes with paclitaxel to induce 4.5-fold greater apoptosis than paclitaxel alone in 1A9 cells. Higher doses are needed to induce apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant PTX10 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that VE-465 is a potent killer of taxane resistant ovarian cancer cells and can synergize with paclitaxel at low doses. These data suggest patients whose tumors exhibit high Aurora-A expression may benefit from a combination therapy of taxanes and Aurora-A inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. cdschar@LearnLink.Emory.Edu
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Scharer
authors.forename: Noelani
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laycock
authors.forename: Adeboye O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Osunkoya
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Logani
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Benedict B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Benigno
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017239:Paclitaxel; D010879:Piperazines; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C484810:tozasertib; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines