title: The safety of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in acute stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an excellent method for the accurate examination of swallowing function in the acute phase of stroke. The present study investigates the safety of FEES related to patients characteristics in a setting of acute stroke care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of FEES-associated complications was carried out in 300 acute stroke patients over a 1-year period. A neurologist and a speech-language pathologist of the stroke unit team performed FEES within a mean time interval of 1.9+/-0.8 days after stroke onset. A closely meshed monitoring of cardiovascular parameters was done during each examination. A discomfort rating was obtained from the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In none of the 300 subjects any airway comprise, decrease in the level of consciousness, symptomatic bradycardia/tachycardia, laryngospasm, or epistaxis requiring special treatment was observed. The incidence of self-limiting nosebleeds was 6% and did not significantly differ in relation to major stroke types (ischemic versus hemorrhagic), acute treatment strategy (thrombolysis versus no thrombolysis), or secondary prevention regime (anticoagulant therapy versus antiplatelet drugs). Whereas no alterations in diastolic blood pressure were noted, statistically significant changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation occurred. However, these alterations did not cause any severe adverse event and were clinically judged as being mild. The assessment of comfort revealed an excellent tolerance of FEES in >80% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that FEES is a well-tolerated and safe method to assess swallowing function when performed by a speech-language pathologist and a neurologist in a stroke unit setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany. Tobias.Warnecke@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Warnecke
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Teismann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oelenberg
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.forename: E Bernd
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ringelstein
authors.forename: Wolf R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schäbitz
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dziewas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen