title: Racial and ethnic differences in emergency care for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate racial and ethnic differences in emergency care for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a prospective multicenter cohort study involving 24 emergency departments (EDs) in 15 U.S. states. Using a standard protocol, consecutive ED patients with AECOPD were interviewed, their charts reviewed, and 2-week telephone follow-ups were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 330 patients, 218 (66%) were white, 84 (25%) were African American, and 28 (8%) were Hispanic. A quarter of the 24 EDs cared for 59% of all minority patients. Compared with white patients, African American and Hispanic patients were more likely to be uninsured or with Medicaid (19, 49, and 52%, respectively; p < 0.001), were less likely to have a primary care provider (93, 81, and 82%, respectively; p = 0.005), and had more frequent ED visits in the past year (medians = 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p = 0.002). In the unadjusted analyses, minority patients were less likely to receive diagnostic procedures, more likely to receive systemic corticosteroids in the ED, less likely to be admitted, and more likely to have a relapse. After adjustment for patient and ED characteristics, these many racial and ethnic differences in quality of care were nearly completely eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite pronounced racial and ethnic differences in stable COPD, all racial and ethnic groups received comparable quality of emergency care for AECOPD and had similar short-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. cltsai@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Chu-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data