title: Cocoa confers life span extension in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Cocoa is thought to be an excellent source of antioxidants. Here, we investigated the effects of cocoa supplementation on Drosophila melanogaster life span under different oxidative stress conditions. Our results illustrate that a moderate supplementation of cocoa under normoxia increases the average life span, whereas, at higher concentrations, average life span is normal. Under hyperoxia or in a Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-deficient background, cocoa exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, significantly increasing the average life span. Nevertheless, cocoa supplementation in a Mn-superoxide dismutase-deficient background enhanced an earlier mortality accompanied by a loss of climbing ability, indicating that cocoa may act as a pro-oxidant in mitochondria under conditions of extreme oxidative stress. Finally, we illustrate that cocoa also acts as a metal chelator in the presence of excess heavy metals, enhancing larval survival to the adult stage on copper or iron-supplemented medium. Taken together, our results document the antioxidative, pro-oxidative, and metal-chelating effects of cocoa on Drosophila melanogaster life span.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors.forename: Sepehr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahadorani
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hilliker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002099:Cacao; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007501:Iron; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase