title: Comparison of different sorbents for multiresidue solid-phase extraction of 16 pesticides from groundwater coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A procedure based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 16 widely used pesticides in groundwater samples. The compounds analysed were: aldicarb, atrazine, desethylatrazine, desysopropylatrazine, carbofuran, 2,4-D, dicloran, fenitrothion, iprodione, linuron, metalaxyl, metazachlor, phenmedipham, procymidone, simazine and vinclozolin. Five different SPE sorbents, C(18) bonded silica (Isolute SPE C18 (EC)), graphitised carbon black (Superclean Envi-Carb), highly cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene (Lichrolut EN), divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrrolidone (Oasis HLB) and surface modified styrene-divinylbenzene (Strata X), were compared. HPLC separation and quantification of the selected pesticides was carried out under isocratic conditions by means of a new reversed-phase column (Gemini from Phenomenex) based on C(18) bonded to organic-silica particles. Oasis HLB and Strata X provided the best results in the preconcentration of 1-l samples, yielding average recoveries higher than 70%, except for phenmedipham that rapidly degrades in groundwater. Detection limits of the target pesticides provided by the proposed SPE-HPLC procedure were between 0.003 and 0.04microg l(-1).
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di L'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. darchivi@univaq.it
authors.forename: Angelo Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: D'Archivio
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruggieri