title: Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While proton pump inhibitors are frequently administered in the intensive care unit, the pharmacodynamic response of acid suppression between the enteral and intravenous (IV) route is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pharmacodynamic response between enteral and IV lansoprazole in intensive care unit patients requiring stress ulcer prophylaxis therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to receive 72 h of daily enteral [lansoprazole oral disintegrating tablet (LODT) 30 mg mixed in 10 mL of water via a nasal gastric tube] or IV lansoprazole (30 mg over 30 min) therapy. Serial blood samples were collected after the first and third dose and analysed for pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacodynamic determination of intragastric pHmetry began prior to the first dose and continued for 72 h using a single channel pH microelectrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen intensive care unit patients were randomized [LODT (n = 10); IV-L (n = 9)]. LODT bioavailability was 76%. LODT maintained gastric pH > 4 longer than IV-L at both 24 h (7.4 vs. 5.9 h; P = 0.039) and 72 h (10.4 and 8.9 h; P = 0.046) and resulted in a greater average pH over the first 24 h (3.67 vs. 2.89; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a lower bioavailability, enteral lansoprazole suppresses acid in intensive care unit patients to a greater extent than IV lansoprazole.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. kolsen@unmc.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole