title: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen in children.
abstract: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a significant pathogen in children, causing otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and occasionally invasive infections. H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines have no effect on infections caused by nontypeable strains because nontypeable strains are nonencapsulated. Approximately, one-third of episodes of otitis media are caused by nontypeable H. influenzae and the bacterium is the most common cause of recurrent otitis media. Recent progress in elucidating molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, understanding the role of biofilms in otitis media and an increasing understanding of immune responses have potential for development of novel strategies to improve prevention and treatment of otitis media caused by nontypeable H. influenzae. Feasibility of vaccination for prevention of otitis media due to nontypeable H. influenzae was recently demonstrated in a clinical trial with a vaccine that included the surface virulence factor, protein D.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY. murphyt@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faden
authors.forename: Lauren O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Bakaletz
authors.forename: Jennelle M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kyd
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forsgren
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Mumtaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virji
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Pelton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines