title: Population study of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larva and its affecting factors in Sekinchan, Selangor.
abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the Spodoptera exigua larva population in the field and factor affecting their density. Population study of S. exigua larva and its affecting factors was carried out in Sekinchan, Selangor during 2003-2004. The larval density was found fluctuating during the study, where the highest number of larvae was an averaged of 18.17 per m2, while the lowest number was an averaged of 1.5 per m2. The mean number of larvae per plant also varies from 1.83 to 5.42. It was found that the larval density was influenced by the age and availability of the host plant. A total of 1881 larvae were collected, where 18.29 and 20.31% were successfully becoming female and male moths, respectively; 20.63% was being parasitized, where 7.07, 11.43, 0.11 and 2.02% were being parasitized by Microplitis manilae, Chelonus sp., Temelucha sp. and Peribaea orbata, respectively. Besides that, other biotic factors such as fungal or bacterial infection also cause death to the S. exigua larva, where a total of 1.91 and 10.89% were infected by them, respectively. Whilst 16.64% of the collected larvae were dead due to pesticide and 7.44% were not known cause of the death. Besides that, 3.89% of the S. exigua died during pupal stage or emergence. Further, climatic factor was found not influencing the larva populations. There were no correlation between the number of larva collected with the means of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Azidah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development*; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D011156:Population Density; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000254:growth & development*