title: Higher rate of major depression among blood donor candidates infected with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Viral infections have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders. This work aimed to study the relationship between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study with prevalent cases was conducted from April 2004 to June 2005. Participants were from a public transfusion center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The base population was composed of blood donor candidates infected with HTLV-1 (asymptomatic carriers), followed-up in a cohort study. As a control group, HTLV-1 seronegative blood donors were selected in a random fashion. Study participants underwent psychiatric evaluation using a structured diagnostic instrument, the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI), to estimate the rate of depression. The interviewer was unaware of participants' HTLV-1 serostatus. The co-variables studied were gender, age, formal education, personal income, and the presence of other psychiatric diagnoses. Logistic regression was used to examine the relation between HTLV-1 infection and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample was composed of 74 individuals infected with HTLV-1 and 24 uninfected controls. The rate of depression was significantly higher in HTLV-1 carriers when compared with controls (39% vs. 8%; p-value = 0.005). HTLV-1 infection was independently associated with depression (OR = 6.17; CI 95% = 1.32-28.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed a higher rate of depression in HTLV-1 infected individuals. It was not possible to determine whether depression was related to knowledge of chronic retroviral infection or related to a biological effect of the retroviral infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Security of the Civil Servants of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. bperdigao73@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Barbara P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: Anna Bárbara
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Carneiro-Proietti
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Fábio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D035061:Control Groups; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data