title: Cutaneous vasoconstriction as a measure of incipient autonomic dysreflexia during penile vibratory stimulation in spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Measurement of haemodynamic responses, cutaneous blood flow and sweat release during penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) in spinal cord-injured men.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the validity of using markers of sympathetic activity (cutaneous blood flow and sweat release) as a measure of incipient autonomic dysreflexia during PVS in spinal cord-injured men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten spinal cord-injured men with injuries ranging from C3 to T6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous arterial pressure, intermittent auscultation, heart rate (HR), respiration, cutaneous blood flow and sweat release from both finger and toe were recorded during PVS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vibration of the penis caused immediate cutaneous vasoconstriction, but negligible sweat release, in the hands and feet of the quadriplegics and the feet of the paraplegics. Systolic blood pressure (BP) increased by up to 90 mm Hg, and a compensatory vagal bradycardia was observed in five of the six quadriplegics and two of the four paraplegic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that there was-in general-an inverse relationship between BP and skin blood flow, we conclude that continuous measurements of skin blood flow above and below the lesion can provide important information on the state of the sympathetic nervous system and early identification of reflexly evoked increases in sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive, below a spinal lesion. Coupled with a decrease in HR, this cutaneous vasoconstriction infers an increased BP.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Injuries Research Centre, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. rach.brown@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stolzenhein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Macefield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020211:Autonomic Dysreflexia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult