title: Dependence of dexamethasone-induced Akt/FOXO1 signaling, upregulation of MAFbx, and protein catabolism upon the glucocorticoid receptor.
abstract: The muscle ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 are upregulated in and promote muscle atrophy. Upregulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 by glucocorticoids has been linked to activation of FOXO1 and FOXO3A resulting from reduced Akt activity. We determined the requirements for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in these biological responses in C2C12 cells in which GR expression was knocked down by stable expression of an shRNA. Loss of GR prevented dexamethasone-induced increases in protein catabolism. Loss of GR, or inhibition of ligand binding to GR with RU486, prevented upregulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 by dexamethasone. Loss of GR also prevented dexamethasone-induced decreases in Akt phosphorylation, and increases in the fraction of FOXO1 that was unphosphorylated. The findings establish a requirement for the GR in activating molecular signals that promote muscle protein catabolism.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Room 1E-02, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jiangping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardozo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C467200:Foxo1 protein, mouse; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D003907:Dexamethasone; C486691:Fbxo32 protein, mouse; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt