title: Relations between digital thermal monitoring of vascular function, the Framingham risk score, and coronary artery calcium score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Digital thermal monitoring (DTM) of vascular function was shown to correlate with the presence of known coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether DTM can identify at-risk, asymptomatic patients with significant coronary artery calcium (CAC) or increased Framingham risk score (FRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-three consecutive asymptomatic subjects (58 +/- 11 years; 62% men) without known CAD underwent DTM, CAC, and FRS calculation. DTM measurements were obtained during and after a 5-minute suprasystolic arm-cuff occlusion. After cuff-deflation temperature rebound (TR) and area under the temperature curve (AUC) were measured and correlated with FRS and CAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TR was lower in patients with FRS > 20% and CAC >or= 100 as compared with FRS < 10% and CAC < 10, respectively (P < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, and traditional cardiac risk factors, the odds ratio of the lowest compared with the upper 2 tertiles of TR was 3.96 for FRS >or= 20% and 2.37 for CAC >or= 100 compared with low-risk cohorts. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict CAC >or= 100 increased significantly from 0.66 for FRS to 0.79 for TR to 0.89 for TR + FRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular dysfunction measured by DTM strongly correlates with FRS and CAC independent of age, sex, and traditional cardiac risk factors and was superior to FRS for the prediction of significant CAC.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB2, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hajsadeghi
authors.forename: Khawar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vane
authors.forename: Nudrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naghavi
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budoff
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology