title: A modular real-time PCR concept for determining the quantity and quality of human nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
abstract: We developed a modular real-time (rt) PCR system for absolute quantification of human nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA. For determination of the number of amplifiable template molecules with a minimum length required for downstream genotyping and assessment of the PCR-relevant degradation grade of the template DNA, primers yielding differently sized PCR products (nDNA: 79, 156, and 246 bp; mtDNA: 102, 143, 283, and 404 bp) and TaqMan hybridization probes were used for amplification and on-line product detection. DNase-degraded DNA served as model to demonstrate the effects of DNA fragmentation on rtPCR quantification and subsequent genotyping. Introduction of cloned internal amplification positive controls (IPCs)--generated by in vitro mutagenesis of primer-binding sites of the wild-type nDNA and mtDNA targets--enabled functionality-testing of the reaction mixture and detection of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracts, without a need for additional TaqMan probes. A hematin model was used to test the ability of the quantitative real-time (rtq) PCR system to predict the effects of inhibitors in downstream PCR-based genotyping.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niederstätter
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köchl
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grubwieser
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlic
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinlechner
authors.forename: Walther
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004247:DNA