title: Effect of temperature, light, seed weight and GA3 on the germination of Verbascum bithynicum, Verbascum wiedemannianum and Salvia dicroantha.
abstract: S. dicroantha, (Stapf in Denkseehr) Verbascum bithynicum and V. wiedemannianum are (Bioss.) endemic and medicinal potential plants disturbed in Turkey. V. wiedemannianum is different from the other Verbascum species in red-dark purple flowers and as a threated plant. Seed germination strategies of these species were studied with the aim of producing appropriate germination protocols for use ex situ conservation. The optimum temperature for seed germination of S. dicroantha, V. bithynicum and V. wiedemannianum was 200C and darkness. The seeds of V. bithynicum and V. wiedemannianum incubated in darkness showed higher germination percentages than the seeds incubated with a 16:8 h photoperiod or continuous light, but the effect of application of darkness,photoperiod (16:8 h) or continuous light on the germination percentage of the seeds of S. dicroantha was not significant. In the case of S. dicroantha, seed weight significantly affected germination percentage, but not significant in the case of V. bithynicum and V. wieqemannianum. Exogenous GA3 (20, 100, 200 mg L(-1)) was comletely prevented germination the seeds of these species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55139-Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senel
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozdener
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Incedere
mesh_terms: D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008027:Light; D027544:Salvia / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D032265:Verbascum / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; C007842:gibberellic acid