title: Weight increase is associated with skeletal muscle immunostaining for advanced glycation end products, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and oxidation injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with ageing, both in diabetics and nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess immunostaining for AGEs, specifically carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), in muscle tissue of healthy male subjects differing in age and weight stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle tissue was obtained during hernia surgery in middle-aged men reporting weight maintenance (WM, n = 10) or weight gain (WG, n = 7), and also in 4 elderly men. Tissue inmunostaining for CML and RAGE was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intensity of CML and RAGE staining were highly correlated (r = 0.84) and also significantly associated with weight change and age. Muscle AGEs accretion was statistically associated with muscle expression of oxidative injury (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of skeletal muscle AGEs/RAGE and markers of inflammation and oxidative injury in association with weight gain and old age suggest a pathogenic role of AGEs in weight gain and in sarcopenia of aging.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. mpmaza@inta.cl
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de la Maza
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uribarri
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leiva
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bunout
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal