title: Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 2. Irritation and inflammation.
abstract: Low aromatic and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than 'standard' or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15-20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in humans are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to irritation and inflammation. Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m(-3) deWS (0.002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye irritation at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0-100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression 'somewhat'. Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure-related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) or biochemical variables (sodium, potassium, amylase, creatine kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by objective measurements.
authors.affiliation: Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Lena.Ernstgard@ki.se
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ernstgård
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iregren
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juran
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Thriel
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johanson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D007509:Irritants; C013089:ligroin