title: Comparison of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold and the bispectral index as monitors of movement responses to noxious stimuli under propofol mono-anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prediction of movement responses to noxious stimuli during anaesthesia is of clinical importance. Susceptibility of a parameter of immobility to both hypnotic and analgesic influences could pose an advantage. Here, nociceptive reflexes might be useful, but data regarding the suppression by hypnotic substances are scarce. Therefore, we compared the prediction of movement responses by the RIII reflex threshold and the bispectral index (BIS) during propofol mono-anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male volunteers were included. Propofol effect compartment concentration was increased every 15 min in steps of 1 microg ml(-1) (max 7 microg ml(-1)). Every 5 min, the reactions to trapezius squeezes and 30 s tetanic stimulations (80 mA) of the right ulnar nerve were tested. The RIII reflex threshold was estimated continuously using an automated threshold tracking system that analyses the nociceptive RIII response at the left biceps femoris muscle to stimulation of the left sural nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve subjects completed the study. RIII threshold values were normalized by subtraction of the first threshold that was estimated after the subject's loss of consciousness. The population prediction probability P(K) amounted to 0.84 for the RIII threshold and to 0.86 for the BIS (difference not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Movement responses to noxious stimuli under propofol can be predicted by the RIII threshold with a comparable accuracy as the BIS. Therefore, the RIII threshold seems to be influenced by hypnotic effects. Since susceptibility of the RIII threshold to analgesic influences is well established, an advantage for the RIII threshold in the prediction of motor responses could be expected when analgesic substances are used in addition to propofol.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. falk.von-dincklage@charite.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: von Dincklage
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Send
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackbarth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rehberg
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baars
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol