title: Collection of highly germinative pseudochain conidia of Oidium neolycopersici from conidiophores by electrostatic attraction.
abstract: A population of simultaneously germinating conidia is an ideal inoculum of the powdery mildew pathogen, Oidium neolycopersici. In conditions of no or low wind velocity, O. neolycopersici successively stacks mature conidia on conidiophores in a chain formation (pseudochain), without releasing the precedent mature conidia. These pseudochain conidia represent a perfect inoculum, in which all conidia used for inoculation germinate simultaneously. However, we found that conidia must be collected before they fall to the leaf surface, because the germination rate was lower among conidia deposited on the leaf surface. We used an electrostatic spore collector to collect the pseudochain conidia, and their high germination rate was not affected by this treatment. The spore collector consisted of an electrified insulator probe, which created an electrostatic field around its pointed tip, and attracted conidia within its electric field. The attractive force created by the probe tip was directly proportional to voltage, and was inversely proportional to the distance between the tip and a target colony on a leaf. Pseudochain conidia were successfully collected by bringing the electrified probe tip close to target colonies on leaves. In this way, conidia were collected from colonies at 3-d intervals. This effectively collected all conidia from conidiophores before they dropped to the leaf surface. A high germination rate was observed among conidia attracted to the probe tip (95.5+/-0.6%). Conidia were easily suspended in water with added surfactant, and retained their germination ability. These conidia were infective and produced conidia in pseudochains on conidiophores after inoculation. The electrostatic spore collection method can be used to collect conidia as they form on conidiophores, thus obtaining an inoculum population in which all of the conidia germinate simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakutani
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D055672:Static Electricity