Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by massively parallel genomic sequencing of DNA in maternal plasma.
Chromosomal aneuploidy is the major reason why couples opt for prenatal diagnosis. Current methods for definitive diagnosis rely on invasive procedures, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis, and are associated with a risk of fetal miscarriage. Fetal DNA has been found in maternal plasma but exists as a minor fraction among a high background of maternal DNA. Hence, quantitative perturbations caused by an aneuploid chromosome in the fetal genome to the overall representation of sequences from that chromosome in maternal plasma would be small. Even with highly precise single molecule counting methods such as digital PCR, a large number of DNA molecules and hence maternal plasma volume would need to be analyzed to achieve the necessary analytical precision. Here we reasoned that instead of using approaches that target specific gene loci, the use of a locus-independent method would greatly increase the number of target molecules from the aneuploid chromosome that could be analyzed within the same fixed volume of plasma. Hence, we used massively parallel genomic sequencing to quantify maternal plasma DNA sequences for the noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. Twenty-eight first and second trimester maternal plasma samples were tested. All 14 trisomy 21 fetuses and 14 euploid fetuses were correctly identified. Massively parallel plasma DNA sequencing represents a new approach that is potentially applicable to all pregnancies for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.
Chiu
Rossa W K
RW
Centre for Research into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chan
K C Allen
KC
Gao
Yuan
Y
Lau
Virginia Y M
VY
Zheng
Wenli
W
Leung
Tak Y
TY
Foo
Chris H F
CH
Xie
Bin
B
Tsui
Nancy B Y
NB
Lun
Fiona M F
FM
Zee
Benny C Y
BC
Lau
Tze K
TK
Cantor
Charles R
CR
Lo
Y M Dennis
YM
D000782:Aneuploidy; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004247:DNA