[Some conceptual aspects in studies of the autonomic nervous system].
As a result of intensive research performed in different laboratories recent years in the field of autonomic nervous system physiology, considerable experimental material was collected and some new and interesting hypotheses were proposed. This review is a short sketch about the progress in the study of autonomic transmission mechanisms. Since the sixties of the last century non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves were opened, and it was the later recognition of a multiplicity of neurotransmitter substances in autonomic nerves. The concept of cotransmission proposed in the late seventies was found for sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nerves. The idea of presynaptic receptors gave impetus to recognition of neuromodulation, and the existence of nonsynaptic interaction between neurons became an obvious fact for the last forty years after its discovery. The article describes the types of synaptic interaction of the autonomic nervous system neurons by the example of sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion and plasticity of the neurons of this ganglia grown in culture conditions in relation to the expression ofadrenergic and cholinergic properties as well as the role of the calcium ions in regulation of cellular processes. Studies of the last few decades have given impetus for elaboration of new concepts of autonomic nervous system function, part of which is represented in this review. The prospects for further investigations are described.
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D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic