title: [Proteasome inhibitors sensitize ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel induced apoptosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 to paclitaxel, proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, and their combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was applied to examine the cell viability after treatment. The annexin V-propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit was used to determine the apoptosis rate of different groups. Western blot assay was used to evaluate the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3beta).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MTT assay, the cell viability ratios of the combination group at serial time points from 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours were (65.2 +/- 5.8)%, (58.3 +/- 14.4)%, (35.3 +/- 5.0)%, (19.2 +/- 1.5)%, and (11.4 +/- 2.5)%, which were significantly lower than those of the paclitaxel group (P < 0.05). After drug treatments, apoptosis rates of paclitaxel group, bortezomib group and the combination group were (14.7 +/- 0.5)%, (15.1 +/- 0.8)% and (20.5 +/- 0.7)% respectively. The rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of non-treated group and paclitaxel group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay showed the changes in expression levels of phosphorylated AKT and GSK-3beta, which were decreased significantly after paclitaxel and bortezomib combination treatment [(3.2 +/- 0.8)%, (19.3 +/- 0.4)%; P < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lethal effect of paclitaxel on tumor cells could be increased significantly by its combination with proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib. The AKT/GSK-3beta signaling pathway plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of the combination treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fan-Fei
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Liang-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Shi-Xuan
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069286:Bortezomib; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D017239:Paclitaxel