title: Different strategies to overcome the effect of carbimazole on high- and low-dose radioiodine therapy: results from continuous dose-effect models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until now, it remains elusive which strategy - antithyroid drug withdrawal or increased radioiodine target doses - should be preferred to avoid the detrimental effect of antithyroid drugs in high- and low-dose radioiodine therapy, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored the effects of carbimazole on the 1-year post-radioiodine success and hypothyroidism rates by continuous dose-effect models, whereas success was defined as elimination of hyperthyroidism. Euthyroidism rates with and without carbimazole were calculated by numerical integration of the area between success and hypothyroidism curves. Target dose amplification factors for equal chance of success with and without carbimazole were calculated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in this study. Radioiodine target doses between 33 and 839 Gy were applied. Overall, the euthyroidism rates were 16.5% and 64.8%, while the hypothyroidism rates were 37.6% and 14.8% in Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre, respectively. The success rate with simultaneous carbimazole (median dose 15 mg day(-1); range 2.5-60 mg day(-1)) was reduced over the entire target dose range in Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre. The areas between curves for euthyroidism without and with simultaneous carbimazole were 127 and 43 Gy in Graves' disease and 178 and 128 Gy in toxic nodular goitre. The estimated radioiodine target dose amplification factor was 5.5 for Graves' disease and 3.0 for toxic nodular goitre.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous carbimazole reduces the euthyroidism rate, the aim of low-dose radioiodine therapy, over the entire target dose range in both Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre. Therefore, antithyroid drug discontinuation should be preferred in low-dose radioiodine therapy. Conversely, escalation of the target dose should be preferred in high-dose radioiodine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. m.a.walter@gmx.net
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Brand
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002231:Carbimazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D002231:Carbimazole