Efficacy and cost comparisons of bronchodilatator administration between metered dose inhalers with disposable spacers and nebulizers for acute asthma treatment.
BACKGROUND
Despite demonstration of equivalent efficacy of beta agonist delivery using a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer vs. nebulizer in asthma patients, use of a nebulizer remains standard practice.


OBJECTIVE
We hypothesize that beta agonist delivery with a MDI/disposable spacer combination is an effective and low-cost alternative to nebulizer delivery for acute asthma in an inner-city population.


METHODS
This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 60 acute asthma adult patients in two inner-city emergency departments. Subjects (n = 60) received albuterol with either a MDI/spacer combination or nebulizer. The spacer group (n = 29) received albuterol by MDI/spacer followed by placebo nebulization. The nebulizer group (n = 29) received placebo by MDI/spacer followed by albuterol nebulization. Peak flows, symptom scores, and need for rescue bronchodilatator were monitored. Median values were compared with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.


RESULTS
Patients in the two randomized groups had similar baseline characteristics. The severity of asthma exacerbation, median peak flows, and symptom scores were not significantly different between the two groups. The median (interquartile range) improvement in peak flow was 120 (75-180) L/min vs. 120 (80-155) L/min in the spacer and nebulizer groups, respectively (p = 0.56). The median improvement in the symptom score was 7 (5-9) vs. 7 (4-9) in the spacer and nebulizer groups, respectively (p = 0.78). The median cost of treatment per patient was $10.11 ($10.03-$10.28) vs. $18.26 ($9.88-$22.45) in the spacer and nebulizer groups, respectively (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence of superiority of nebulizer to MDI/spacer beta agonist delivery for emergency management of acute asthma in the inner-city adult population. MDI/spacer may be a more economical alternative to nebulizer delivery.
Dhuper
Sunil
S
North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, New York, USA.
Chandra
Alpana
A
Ahmed
Aziz
A
Bista
Sabin
S
Moghekar
Ajit
A
Verma
Rajesh
R
Chong
Cynthia
C
Shim
Chang
C
Cohen
Hillel
H
Choksi
Sonia
S
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009519:New York City; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol