title: Association of coronary artery and aortic calcium with lumbar bone density: the MESA Abdominal Aortic Calcium Study.
abstract: Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share many risk factors, but their independent association is unclear. The authors investigated the independent associations between volumetric trabecular bone mineral density (vBMD) of the lumbar spine and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcium (AAC). During 2002-2005, they used quantitative computed tomography to assess vBMD and the presence and extent of CAC and AAC among 946 women (mean age = 65.5 years) and 963 men (mean age = 64.1 years) in a substudy of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Prevalences of CAC were 47% and 68% in women and men, respectively, and AAC prevalences were 70% and 73%. Sequential, sex-specific regression models included adjustment for age, ethnicity, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and sex hormones. After full adjustment, lower vBMD was associated with greater CAC score among women (P < 0.002) and greater AAC score among women (P = 0.004) and men (P < 0.001). After adjustment, vBMD quartile was inversely associated with CAC prevalence (P-trend = 0.05) in women and AAC prevalence (P-trend < 0.01) in men. Partially and fully adjusted models showed similar results. Though modest, these significant, independent associations suggest that atherosclerosis and bone loss may be related.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jhyder@partners.org
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirlin
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Criqui
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015519:Bone Density; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors