title: Milk enriched with "healthy fatty acids" improves cardiovascular risk markers and nutritional status in human volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a commercially available milk containing small amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, oleic acid, and vitamins A, B6, D, E, and folic acid compared with semi-skimmed and skimmed milk in volunteers with moderate cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred ninety-seven subjects 25 to 65 y of age with moderate cardiovascular risk were randomly allocated into three groups. In addition to their diets, one group consumed 500 mL/d of the enriched milk, another group consumed 500 mL/d of skimmed milk, and a control group consumed 500 mL/d of semi-skimmed milk. All groups consumed the dairy drinks for 1 y and blood samples were taken at 0 and 12 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of enriched milk for 1 y produced significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum folate (58%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4%). Plasma triacylglycerols (10%), total cholesterol (4%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6%) were reduced significantly only in the supplemented group. Serum glucose, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein remained unchanged. In the skimmed milk and semi-skimmed milk groups, the only significant decreases were in serum folate (17% and 11%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily intake of a milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, and vitamins improved the nutritional status and cardiovascular risk markers of volunteers, whereas skimmed milk and semi-skimmed milk did not.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Department, Puleva Biotech S.A., Granada, Spain. jfonolla@puleva.es
authors.forename: Juristo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fonollá
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Huertas
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mármol
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palacín
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Valls
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Remón
authors.forename: Julio J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Boza
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013261:Sterols / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013261:Sterols; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005492:Folic Acid