title: Transfection with liver-type glutaminase cDNA alters gene expression and reduces survival, migration and proliferation of T98G glioma cells.
abstract: Liver-type glutaminase (LGA) is a glutaminase isoform that has been implicated in transcription modulation. LGA mRNA is absent from postoperative samples of primary gliomas and is low in cultured astrocytes. In this study, stable transfection of T98G cells with a vector carrying human LGA sequence increased the expression of LGA mRNA and protein, and the ability of the cells to degrade glutamine (Gln), as manifested by a three-fold reduction of their steady-state Gln content and a 2.5-fold increase of their glutamate (Glu) content. The transfected cells (TLGA cells) showed a 40% decrease of cell survival as assessed by colony formation, well correlated with significant reduction of mitochondrial activity as demonstrated with MTT test. Also, a 45% reduction of cell migration and a 47% decrease of proliferation index (Ki67 immunostaining) were found as compared with sham-transfected cells. Microarray analysis, which included over 47,000 transcripts, revealed a significantly altered expression of 85 genes in TLGA, but not in sham-transfected or control cells (P < 0.005). Microarray data were confirmed with real-time PCR analysis for eight genes potentially relevant to malignancy: S100A16, CAPN2, FNDC3B, DYNC1LI1, TIMP4, MGMT, ADM, and TIMP1. Of these changes, decreased expression of S100A16 and MGMT can be best reconciled with the current views on the role of their protein products in glioma malignancy. Malignancy-reducing effect of newly inserted LGA mRNA in glioblastoma cells can be reconciled with a hypothesis that absence of such a modulatory mechanism in glia-derived tumors deprived of LGA mRNA may facilitate some aspects of their progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. mszeliga@cmdik.pan.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szeliga
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obara-Michlewska
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matyja
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łazarczyk
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hilgier
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005972:Glutaminase