title: Development and validation of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Vascular Surgery (REAL_VS).
abstract: The purposes of this study were to develop and validate the (1) Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Vascular Surgery (REAL_VS) for researchers studying the impact of literacy skills as related to vascular surgery-related knowledge and outcomes and (2) short version of the REAL_VS (REAL_VSs) to allow clinicians to gauge their patients' familiarity with vascular surgery-related terms. A three-phase process was used to identify potential words for inclusion in the REAL_VS, including reviewing Internet-based patient education material content and listening to a random sample of 50 archived audiorecordings of vascular surgeon-patient encounters. The REAL_VS was composed of 75 terms (e.g., stent, gangrene, invasive, aneurysm) of varying pronunciation difficulty. One hundred fifty-two English-speaking patients (>or=18 years of age) attending a university-based vascular surgery clinic were recruited to participate in this study (mean age = 61.4 +/- 14.6 years). During face-to-face interviews, patients' sociodemographic information was collected, and patients were administered the widely used Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and REAL_VS. Mean scores on the REALM (56.9 +/- 14.0) and REAL_VS (63.3 +/- 15.6) were highly correlated (Spearmans rank correlation [rho] = 0.91; p < 0.00). Internal consistency of the REAL_VS (Cronbachs alpha = 0.98) was excellent. Mean scores on the REAL_VSs (4.1 +/- 2.7) were highly correlated with both the REALM (rho = 0.82; p < 0.00) and REAL_VS (rho = 0.94; p < 0.00). Internal consistency, measured using Cronbachs alpha, of the REAL_VSs was 0.86. This study demonstrates that both the REAL_VS and REAL_VSs are both promising tools for use in vascular surgery research and clinical practice, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, USA. lwallace@mc.utmck.edu
authors.forename: Lorraine S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ergen
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cassada
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Grandas
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Mitchell H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D032882:Comprehension; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D014825:Vocabulary