title: ESKIMO1 is a key gene involved in water economy as well as cold acclimation and salt tolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drought is a major social and economic problem resulting in huge yield reduction in the field. Today's challenge is to develop plants with reduced water requirements and stable yields in fluctuating environmental conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana is an excellent model for identifying potential targets for plant breeding. Drought tolerance in the field was successfully conferred to crops by transferring genes from this model species. While involved in a plant genomics programme, which aims to identify new genes responsible for plant response to abiotic stress, we identified ESKIMO1 as a key gene involved in plant water economy as well as cold acclimation and salt tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All esk1 mutants were more tolerant to freezing, after acclimation, than their wild type counterpart. esk1 mutants also showed increased tolerance to mild water deficit for all traits measured. The mutant's improved tolerance to reduced water supply may be explained by its lower transpiration rate and better water use efficiency (WUE), which was assessed by carbon isotope discrimination and gas exchange measurements. esk1 alleles were also shown to be more tolerant to salt stress. Transcriptomic analysis of one mutant line and its wild-type background was carried out. Under control watering conditions a number of genes were differentially expressed between the mutant and the wild type whereas under mild drought stress this list of genes was reduced. Among the genes that were differentially expressed between the wild type and mutant, two functional categories related to the response to stress or biotic and abiotic stimulus were over-represented. Under salt stress conditions, all gene functional categories were represented equally in both the mutant and wild type. Based on this transcriptome analysis we hypothesise that in control conditions the esk1 mutant behaves as if it was exposed to drought stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall our findings suggest that the ESKIMO1 gene plays a major role in plant response to water shortage and in whole plant water economy. Further experiments are being undertaken to elucidate the function of the ESKIMO1 protein and the way it modulates plant water uptake.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Laboratory, IJPB, INRA-CIRAD, UR0501, Route de St Cyr, F-78026 Versailles, France. bouchabk@versailles.inra.fr
authors.forename: Oumaya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouchabke-Coussa
authors.forename: Marie-Luce
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Quashie
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seoane-Redondo
authors.forename: Marie-Noelle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fortabat
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gery
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Daphné
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linderme
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trouverie
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granier
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Téoulé
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durand-Tardif
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D055864:Droughts; D005615:Freezing; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014867:Water; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C523203:At3g55990 protein, Arabidopsis