title: Racial and ethnic disparities in assisted reproductive technology outcomes in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate ethnic differences in assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Historical cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinic-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 139,027 ART cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System online database for 2004-2006, limited to white, Asian, black, and Hispanic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression was used to model the odds of pregnancy and live birth; among singletons and twins, the odds of preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios, with white women as the reference group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of pregnancy were reduced for Asians (0.86), and the odds of live birth were reduced for all groups: Asian (0.90), black (0.62), and Hispanic (0.87) women. Among singletons, moderate and severe growth restriction were increased for all infants in all three minority groups (Asians [1.78, 2.05]; blacks [1.81, 2.17]; Hispanics [1.36, 1.64]), and preterm birth was increased among black (1.79) and Hispanic women (1.22). Among twins, the odds for moderate growth restriction were increased for infants of Asian (1.30) and black women (1.97), and severe growth restriction was increased among black women (3.21). The odds of preterm birth were increased for blacks (1.64) and decreased for Asians (0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant disparities in ART outcomes according to ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, 2356 Sutter Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115-0916, USA. fujimotov@obgyn.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Victor Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: Morton B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hornstein
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D044383:Black People; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American