title: Multiple sclerosis: etiology and treatment strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the etiology and treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Published information on MS and targeted treatment strategies extending back to 1955. The search terms multiple sclerosis and pathology, prevalence, genetics, and each of the common symptoms of MS were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two studies were reviewed based on level 1, 2, and 3 search strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 1 search strategy targeted evidence-based trials of large sample size (N > 100) with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. A level 2 search targeted additional trials with some of the traits of evidence-based trials. A level 3 search compared key findings in reports of very small (N < 15) poorly designed trials with the results of well-designed trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS affects each patient differently, making a definitive diagnosis and management of symptoms very difficult. Effective symptom management requires an interprofessional team approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite all the research dedicated to this disease, there is still no cure. The treatments currently available function at best only to slow the disease progression and mitigate symptoms. Using the skills and knowledge available from a team of health care professionals will help patients navigate the trials and tribulations that follow throughout a life with MS.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Neurology, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. namakamp@ms.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namaka
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turcotte
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grossberndt
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klassen
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome