title: [Non-apoptotic programmed cell death induced by extract of Spatholobus suberctus in human lung cancer A549 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of study is to explore the cytotoxic activity and its underlying mechanisms of the extract of Spatholobus suberctus in human lung cancer A549 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effects of the extract on proliferation of human lung cancer cell line A549 was measured by MTT cell viability assay and growth curve. Cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptotic morphological changes was observed by HE staining technique and AO/PI double-staining confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Employing agarose gel electrophoresis and Annexin V-PI assay, we examed the presence of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments, and membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization as well as caspase-3 activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract of S. suberctus shows strong cytotoxic power on A549 cells during 24 hours and IC50 is 25.54 mg x L(-1). The cells in S-phase increase while the cells in G0-G1 and G2-M decrease. These changes recovered after 48 hours. The nucleus became pyknosis between 8 to 12 hours and many vacuoles and granules in cytoplasm can be seen. Membrane phosphatidylserine externalization occurs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner afer 12 hours. Caspase-3 activity has no more changes in a converse dose-dependent manner. No cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extract of S. suberctus shows a direct anti-tumor activity. The drug acts quickly and causes S delay in one cell cycle. The main cell death feature appears to be non-apoptotic programmed cell death.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Hospital of Chinese Medicine alias Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100010, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yi-kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu-zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053148:Caspase 3