title: Computerized tomography for detecting perivesical infiltration and lymph node metastasis in invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computerized tomography (CT) is used in the preoperative staging of invasive bladder carcinoma. We evaluated the role of CT for detecting perivesical invasion and lymph node metastases in patients who had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 100 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma who had undergone radical cystectomy. The preoperative CT images were reevaluated and interpreted by one uroradiologist blinded to the final pathological results for evidence of extravesical tumor extension or lymph node metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, CT showed extravesical tumor involvement in 57. Of these 57 cases, 22 displayed no evidence of extravesical tumor involvement in the final pathological analysis. In 6 cases, although perivesical invasion was identified in the final pathological analysis, preoperative CT showed no evidence of extravesical tumor involvement. Regarding extravesical tumor spread, the differences between CT and pathological stages were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CT was highly suggestive of lymph node metastases in 9 cases, but only 4 were pathologically confirmed. On the other hand, in 9 patients pelvic lymph node metastasis were pathologically diagnosed, but there was no evidence of lymphadenopathy on CT. Regarding lymph node involvement, there was moderate concordance between CT and pathological findings (p = 0.003, kappa = 0.29 +/- 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT has limited accuracy in detecting perivesical infiltration and lymph node metastasis in invasive bladder carcinoma. The information provided by CT is insufficient and we urgently need more reliable staging techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sumer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltaci
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yagci
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turkolmez
authors.forename: Cagatay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gogus
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beduk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*