title: Complex I function is defective in complex IV-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is hypothesized to be an important regulator of oxidative phosphorylation. However, no animal phenotypes have been described due to genetic defects in nuclear-encoded subunits of COX. We knocked down predicted homologues of COX IV and COX Va in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Animals treated with W09C5.8 (COX IV) or Y37D8A.14 (COX Va) RNA interference had shortened lifespans and severe defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. Amount and activity of complex IV, as well as supercomplexes that included complex IV, were decreased in COX-deficient worms. The formation of supercomplex I:III was not dependent on COX. We found that COX deficiencies decreased intrinsic complex I enzymatic activity, as well as complex I-III enzymatic activity. However, overall amounts of complex I were not decreased in these animals. Surprisingly, intrinsic complex I enzymatic activity is dependent on the presence of complex IV, despite no overall decrease in the amount of complex I. Presumably the association of complex I with complex IV within the supercomplex I:III:IV enhances electron flow through complex I. Our results indicate that reduction of a single subunit within the electron transport chain can affect multiple enzymatic steps of electron transfer, including movement within a different protein complex. Patients presenting with multiple defects of electron transport may, in fact, harbor a single genetic defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suthammarak
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Phil G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sedensky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000502:physiology; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III