title: Transformation and action of extracellular NAD+ in perfused rat and mouse livers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transformation and possible metabolic effects of extracellular NAD+ were investigated in the livers of mice (Mus musculus; Swiss strain) and rats (Rattus novergicus; Holtzman and Wistar strains).
  
  
  METHODS
  The livers were perfused in an open system using oxygen-saturated Krebs/Henseleit-bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) as the perfusion fluid. The transformation of NAD+ was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the mouse liver, the single-pass metabolism of 100 micromol/L NAD+ was almost complete; ADP-ribose and nicotinamide were the main products in the outflowing perfusate. In the livers of both Holtzman and Wistar rats, the main transformation products were ADP-ribose, uric acid and nicotinamide; significant amounts of inosine and AMP were also identified. On a weight basis, the transformation of NAD+ was more efficient in the mouse liver. In the rat liver, 100 micromol/L NAD+ transiently inhibited gluconeogenesis and oxygen uptake. Inhibition was followed by a transient stimulation. Inhibition was more pronounced in the Wistar strain and stimulation was more pronounced in the Holtzman strain. In the mouse liver, no clear effects on gluconeogenesis and oxygen uptake were found even at 500 micromol/L NAD+.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the functions of extracellular NAD+ are species-dependent and that observations in one species are strictly valid for that species. Interspecies extrapolations should thus be made very carefully. Actually, even variants of the same species can demonstrate considerably different responses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Liver Metabolism, University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Broetto-Biazon
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bracht
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bracht
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kelmer-Bracht
authors.forename: Adelar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bracht
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D007288:Inosine / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D009536:Niacinamide; D014527:Uric Acid; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D007288:Inosine