title: Low back pain among Irish farmers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite farming being regarded as a high-risk activity for low back pain (LBP), little LBP research exists for this work sector.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish LBP prevalence, beliefs regarding LBP, perceived LBP risk factors, related health service utilization, awareness and participation in manual-handling training among farmers in Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to 200 farmers in Ireland via five Irish veterinary practices. Data were entered onto the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (version 12.0.1) and analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were coded and analysed for common themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 52% (n = 104). Lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP was 74% (n = 77), 54% (n = 56) and 27% (n = 28), respectively. Of respondents with a history of LBP, 72% (n = 55) stated that farming had contributed to their problem. Sixty-three per cent (n = 31) identified lifting as a contributory factor to their LBP. The majority of respondents (86%, n = 66) with LBP sought some form of treatment, with 73% (n = 56) of these having attended a general practitioner (GP). Few respondents (13%, n = 14) had ever attended a manual-handling course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high prevalence of LBP was found among farmers, with lifting being reported as the major contributing factor. GPs were the most commonly utilized healthcare practitioner for LBP. Farmers do not commonly attend manual-handling courses with many noting they were not widely accessible or adequately publicized. There is a need for high-quality studies to examine the effectiveness of different interventions to prevent LBP among the Irish farming population.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy and Performance Science, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. didimcbride@gmail.com
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Caitriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence