title: Inhibitory effect of interferon-alpha-2b on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human hepatocellular carcinoma inoculated in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha-2b) on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) inoculated in nude mice and to study the underlying mechanism of IFN-alpha-2b against HCC growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two nude mice bearing human HCC were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). On the 10th day after implantation of HCC cells, the mice in test groups (groups A, B and C) received IFN-alpha-2b at a serial dose (10000 IU for group A, 20000 IU for group B, 40000 IU for group C sc daily) for 35 d. The mice in control group received normal saline (NS). The growth conditions of transplanted tumors were observed. Both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis of tumor cells in nude mice was detected by TUNEL assay after treatment with IFN-alpha-2b.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors were significantly smaller and had a lower weight in the IFN-alpha-2b treatment groups than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the tumor growth inhibition rate in groups A, B and C was 27.78%, 65.22% and 49.64%, respectively. The expression levels of both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were much lower in the IFN-alpha-2b treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis index (AI) of tumor cells in the IFN-alpha-2b treatment groups was markedly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Group B had a higher inhibition rate of tumor growth, a lower expression level of COX-2 and VEGF and a higher AI than groups A and C (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups A and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibitory effects of IFN-alpha-2b on implanted tumor growth and apoptosis may be associated with the down-regulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression. There is a dose-effect relationship. The medium dose of IFN-alpha-2b for inhibiting tumor growth is 20000 IU/d.
authors.affiliation: Hepatic Surgery Center, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Zuo-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human