title: Biochemical and functional outcomes following brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies in men < or = 50 years of age with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite favorable long-term prostate brachytherapy outcomes, there remains a bias to recommend radical prostatectomy for young patients. Herein, we report cause-specific survival, biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), overall survival and functional outcomes in men < or =50 years of age who underwent brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1995 to November 2004, 42 consecutive patients < or =50 years of age underwent permanent interstitial brachytherapy. No patient underwent seminal vesicle biopsy or pathologic lymph node staging. The mean and median follow-up was 5.6 and 5.1 year. bPFS was defined as a prostate-specific antigen < or =0.40 ng/mL after nadir. Functional outcome determinations included urinary, bowel and erectile function evaluations. Multiple clinical, treatment and dosimetric parameters were evaluated for impact on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cause-specific survival, bPFS, and overall survival for the entire cohort were 100%, 97.7%, and 100%, respectively. To date, only one patient has failed biochemically. Median time to International Prostate Symptom Score resolution was 3 months. No patient required a postimplant transurethral resection of the prostate or developed urinary incontinence. Two patients developed bulbomembtranous urethral strictures. The overall potency preservation rate was 75.6% (International Index of Erectile Function-6 >13 without mechanical or pharmacologic support). Bowel habits were reported to be the same or better than prior to treatment in 92.5% patients. No severe rectal complications requiring therapeutic intervention occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men < or =50 years of age have favorable biochemical and functional outcomes following brachytherapy. Depending on risk group assignment, brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies should be considered a viable option for all healthy men regardless of age.
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Sarah G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Brammer
authors.forename: Zachariah A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lief
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamovich
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000328:Adult; D001918:Brachytherapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen