title: The effect of midlife physical activity on structural brain changes in the elderly.
abstract: Physical activity has been associated with decreased dementia risk in recent studies, but the effects for structural brain changes (i.e. white matter lesions (WML) and/or brain atrophy) have remained unclear. The CAIDE participants were a random population-based sample studied in midlife and re-examined on average 21 years later (n=2000). A subpopulation (n=75; 31 control, 23 MCI, 21 dementia) was MRI scanned at the re-examination. T1-weighted images were used to investigate grey matter (GM) density, and FLAIR-images for WML rating. Persons who actively participated in physical activity at midlife tended to have larger total brain volume (β 0.12; 95% CI 0.17-1.16, p=0.10) in late-life than sedentary persons even after adjustments. GM volume was larger among the active (β 0.19; 95% CI 0.07-1.48, p=0.03), whereas the association between midlife physical activity and larger WM volume became non-significant (β 0.03; 95% CI -0.64 to 0.86, p=0.77) after full adjustments. The differences in the GM density localized mainly in frontal lobes. There was no significant association between midlife physical activity and severe WML later in life after full adjustments (OR 4.20, 95% CI 0.26-69.13, p=0.32).
authors.affiliation: Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Gävlegatan 16, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden. Suvi.Rovio@ki.se
authors.forename: Suvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovio
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spulber
authors.forename: Lasse J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Eini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: Aulikki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissinen
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivipelto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009929:Organ Size; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012016:Reference Values