title: Chronic NF-{kappa}B blockade reduces cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress and attenuates renal injury and hypertension in SHR.
abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays an important role in hypertensive renal injury; however, its roles in perpetuating mitochondrial oxidative stress and renal dysfunction remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of chronic NF-kappaB blockade with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on renal dysfunction and mitochondrial redox status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PDTC (150 mg.kg body wt(-1).day(-1)) or vehicle was administered orally to 8-wk-old SHR and their respective controls for 15 wk. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography at the start of and at every third week throughout the study. After 15 wk of treatment, anesthetized rats underwent acute renal experiments to determine renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate using PAH and inulin clearance techniques, respectively. Following renal experiments, kidneys were excised from killed rats, and cortical mitochondria were isolated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements using electron paramagnetic resonance. Tissue mRNA and protein levels of NF-kappaB and oxidative stress genes were determined using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence or Western blotting, respectively. PDTC treatment partially attenuated the increase in SBP (196.4 +/- 9.76 vs. 151.4 +/- 2.12; P < 0.05) and normalized renal hemodynamic and excretory parameters and ATP production rates in SHR. PDTC treatment also attenuated the higher levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS generation and tissue mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-kappaB and oxidative stress genes in SHR without any comparable responses in control rats. These findings suggest that NF-kappaB activation by ROS induces the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress and tissue injury that contribute to renal dysfunction observed in SHR.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Elks
authors.forename: Nithya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mariappan
authors.forename: Masudul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guggilam
authors.forename: Dewan S A
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012079:Renal Circulation; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D003404:Creatinine