title: Over-expression of NYGGF4 inhibits glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via attenuated phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NYGGF4 is a novel gene that is abundantly expressed in the adipose tissue of obese patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NYGGF4 on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with either an empty expression vector (pcDNA3.1Myc/His B) or an NYGGF4 expression vector were differentiated into mature adipocytes. Glucose uptake was determined by measuring 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake into the adipocytes. Immunoblotting was performed to detect the translocation of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Immunoblotting also was used to measure the phosphorylation and total protein contents of insulin signaling proteins such as the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NYGGF4 over-expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. It also diminished insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and serine phosphorylation of Akt without affecting the phosphorylation of IR, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NYGGF4 regulates the functions of IRS-1 and Akt, decreases GLUT4 translocation and reduces glucose uptake in response to insulin. These observations highlight the potential role of NYGGF4 in glucose homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors.forename: Chun-mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Mei-ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Yu-hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Rong-hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xi-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C514653:PID1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005947:Glucose