title: Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 16: Late 20th-century fixed appliances.
abstract: Ever since Edward Angle introduced his edgewise appliance in 1925, orthodontic innovators have been working to improve on not only its original design, but also the method of attachment. Our "strap-ups" have evolved from banding to bonding, from labial to lingual, and from metallic to clear. But, as Angle would be pleased to learn, we still call it edgewise.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wahl
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000266:history*; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000266:history; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States