title: A proteomic approach identified growth hormone-dependent nutrition markers in children with idiopathic short stature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The broad range in growth observed in short prepubertal children receiving the same growth hormone (GH) dose is due to individual variation in GH responsiveness. This study used a pharmaco-proteomic approach in order to identify novel biomarkers that discriminate between short non-GH-deficient (GHD) children who show a good or poor growth response to GH treatment.A group of 32 prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) were included in the study. Children were classified on the basis of their first year growth velocity as either good (high responders, n = 13; range, 0.9-1.3 standard deviation score (SDS) or poor (low responders, n = 19; range, 0.3-0.5 SDS) responders to GH treatment (33 microg/kg daily).Serum protein expression profiles before, and after 1 year of GH treatment, were analyzed on a weak cationic exchange array (CM10) using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in the intensity of two protein peaks (13.788 kDa and 17.139 kD) during the study period allowed the correct classification of 82% of children as high and low responders, respectively. The 13.788 kD peak, transthyretin, decreased in the high-responder group and increased in the low-responder group during 1 year of GH treatment, whereas the 17.139 kDa peak, apolipoprotein A-II (Apo A-II) decreased in the high-responder group and remained unchanged in the low-responder group. These peaks were identified by the consistency of peak pattern in the spectra, serum depletion experiments using specific antibodies and mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that transthyretin and apolipoprotein A-II may have a role in GH sensitivity and could be used as markers to predict which short prepubertal children with ISS will show a good or poor response to GH treatment.
authors.affiliation: Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellgren
authors.affiliation: Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Muvara bv, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andreas Fm
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nierop
authors.affiliation: Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jovanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.affiliation: Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.|Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, and Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ze'ev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.affiliation: Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albertsson-Wikland