title: Association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in an African American population enriched for nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) have been associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, in mostly European-derived populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive association analysis of 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene was performed for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in African Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minor allele (A) in a single SNP in intron 1 (rs182052) was associated with diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.0015, odds ratio [OR] 1.37, CI 1.13-1.67, dominant model) in an African American sample of 851 case subjects with diabetic nephropathy and 871 nondiabetic control subjects in analyses incorporating adjustment for varying levels of racial admixture. This association remained significant after adjustment of the data for BMI, age, and sex (P = 0.0013-0.0004). We further tested this SNP for association with longstanding type 2 diabetes without nephropathy (n = 317), and evidence of association was also significant (P = 0.0054, OR 1.46, CI 1.12-1.91, dominant model) when compared with the same set of 871 nondiabetic control subjects. Combining the type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy samples into a single group of case subjects (n = 1,168) resulted in the most significant evidence of association (P = 0.0003, OR 1.40, CI 1.17-1.67, dominant model). Association tests between age at onset of type 2 diabetes and the rs182052 genotypes also revealed significant association between the presence of the minor allele (A/A or A/G) and earlier onset of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SNP rs182052 in intron 1 of the adiponectin gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Meredith A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bostrom
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
authors.forename: Lingyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin