title: Copper determination in ethanol fuel by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrode modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica.
abstract: Solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrodes modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica have been applied to the anodic stripping determination of copper ions in ethanol fuel samples without any sample treatment. The proposed method comprised four steps: (1) copper ions preconcentration at open circuit potential directly in the ethanol fuel sample; (2) exchange of the solution and immediate cathodic reduction of the absorbate at controlled potential; (3) differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry; (4) electrochemical surface regeneration by applying a positive potential in acid media. Factors affecting the preconcentration, reduction and stripping steps were investigated and the optimum conditions were employed to develop the analytical procedure. Using a preconcentration time of 20min and reduction time of 120s at -0.3V versus Ag/AgCl(sat) a linear range from 7.5x10(-8) to 2.5x10(-6)mol L(-1) with detection limit of 3.1x10(-8)mol L(-1) was obtained. Interference studies have shown a decrease in the interference effect according to the sequence: Ni>Zn>Cd>Pb>Fe. However, the interference effects of these ions have not forbidden the application of the proposed method. Recovery values between 98.8 and 102.3% were obtained for synthetic samples spiked with known amounts of Cu(2+) and interfering metallic ions. The developed electrode was successfully applied to the determination of Cu(2+) in commercial ethanol fuel samples. The results were compared to those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy by using the F-test and t-test. Neither F-value nor t-value have exceeded the critical values at 95% confidence level, confirming that there are no significant differences between the results obtained by both methods.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil. takeuchi@posgrad.iq.unesp.br
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Padilha
authors.forename: Nelson R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Stradiotto