title: The chromosome 3p21.3-encoded gene, LIMD1, is a critical tumor suppressor involved in human lung cancer development.
abstract: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and homozygous deletions at chromosome 3p21.3 are common in both small and nonsmall cell lung cancers, indicating the likely presence of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Although genetic and epigenetic changes within this region have been identified, the functional significance of these changes has not been explored. Concurrent protein expression and genetic analyses of human lung tumors coupled with functional studies have not been done. Here, we show that expression of the 3p21.3 gene, LIMD1, is frequently down-regulated in human lung tumors. Loss of LIMD1 expression occurs through a combination of gene deletion, LOH, and epigenetic silencing of transcription without evidence for coding region mutations. Experimentally, LIMD1 is a bona fide TSG. Limd1(-/-) mice are predisposed to chemical-induced lung adenocarcinoma and genetic inactivation of Limd1 in mice heterozygous for oncogenic K-Ras(G12D) markedly increased tumor initiation, promotion, and mortality. Thus, we conclude that LIMD1 is a validated chromosome 3p21.3 tumor-suppressor gene involved in human lung cancer development. LIMD1 is a LIM domain containing adapter protein that localizes to E-cadherin cell-cell adhesive junctions, yet also translocates to the nucleus where it has been shown to function as an RB corepressor. As such, LIMD1 has the potential to communicate cell extrinsic or environmental cues with nuclear responses.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tyson V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Attar
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Foxler
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Thomas Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: de A Vallim
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hala S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nijmeh
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Qunyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aldi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraja
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spendlove
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mardis
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Longmore
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D011905:Genes, ras; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C403807:LIMD1 protein, human