title: Polyfluorinated telomers in precipitation and surface water in an urban area of Japan.
abstract: Although fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) have been detected in various environmental matrices worldwide, no studies have been conducted to evaluate their concentrations in surface water or precipitation. Therefore, we developed a sensitive and reliable method to analyze various environmental aqueous samples for the presence of trace levels of 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOAcr and 8:2 FTOMethacr FTOlefin using gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. The recoveries obtained using this method ranged from 57.8% to 78.2% and the detection limits were 0.5, 0.2, 0.2, 0.05 and 0.1 ng L(-1) for 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOAcr and 8:2 FTOMethacr, respectively. Liquid and suspended phases of the examined samples were analyzed. The analysis revealed presence of telomer alcohols from the liquid phase only. Of the FTOHs evaluated, 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOMethacr FTOlefin were not found in any of the environmental samples. The average concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOAcr of the precipitation samples were 1.97, 0.82 and 0.21 ng L(-1), respectively. In surface water samples, the highest concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOAcr were 3.38, 4.06 and 0.16 ng L(-1), which were observed in samples from the Daini-Neyagawa, Yamato and Kanzaki rivers, respectively. The total concentration of FTOHs in wastewater treatment plant effluents (23.2 ng L(-1)) was much higher than that of surface water (10.8 ng L(-1)). Taken together, the results of this study indicate that FTOHs released into the air contaminate rain and that those released from water disposal sites contaminate surface water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Manal A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kärrman
authors.forename: Sayoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oono
authors.forename: Kouji H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002947:Cities; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D011891:Rain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033729:fluorotelomer alcohols