title: Media ion composition controls regulatory and virulence response of Salmonella in spaceflight.
abstract: The spaceflight environment is relevant to conditions encountered by pathogens during the course of infection and induces novel changes in microbial pathogenesis not observed using conventional methods. It is unclear how microbial cells sense spaceflight-associated changes to their growth environment and orchestrate corresponding changes in molecular and physiological phenotypes relevant to the infection process. Here we report that spaceflight-induced increases in Salmonella virulence are regulated by media ion composition, and that phosphate ion is sufficient to alter related pathogenesis responses in a spaceflight analogue model. Using whole genome microarray and proteomic analyses from two independent Space Shuttle missions, we identified evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways in Salmonella that respond to spaceflight under all media compositions tested. Identification of conserved regulatory paradigms opens new avenues to control microbial responses during the infection process and holds promise to provide an improved understanding of human health and disease on Earth.
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C Mark
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quick
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höner zu Bentrup
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crabbé
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Shameema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrila
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porwollik
authors.forename: Pui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsaprailis
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Radabaugh
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Miti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelman-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hing
authors.forename: Macarena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dumars
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norwood
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bober
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devich
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruggles
authors.forename: Autumn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: CdeBaca
authors.forename: Satro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupert
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Catella
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morici
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Duane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mergeay
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leys
authors.forename: Heidemarie M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Stefanyshyn-Piper
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorie
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nickerson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007477:Ions; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013026:Space Flight; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007477:Ions; D010710:Phosphates