title: Age-related ocular vascular changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global society is aging at an increasing rate, with a continually larger proportion of the population consisting of those over the age of 65. Age-related vascular changes have been demonstrated in ocular tissue, and the incidence and prevalence of diseases such as macular degeneration, glaucoma and vascular occlusive diseases increase significantly with age.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the current body of literature examining age-associated ocular vascular changes, and summarizes the aggregate findings. We discuss the potential role of the aging vasculature in the etiology of age-associated ocular disease, focusing on glaucoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our working hypothesis is that although advancing age is a physiological phenomenon, there are stepwise hemodynamic and vascular changes that occur, predisposing the eye and other tissue beds to pathological conditions. Advancing age does not independently give rise to disease, but does generate increasingly vulnerable vascular beds that are susceptible to further insults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results compel a need for further investigation of age-related changes in ocular physiology and pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Nisha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kheradiya
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Winston
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wirostko
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000502:physiology; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000502:physiology