title: Percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft for cystic-type scaphoid fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most controversial problem in treating scaphoid fractures is whether bone grafts are necessary for cystic-type fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 105 scaphoid fractures using Herbert screws (1988-1997), AO 3.0 mm cannulated screws (1998-2002), and Acutrak screws (2003-2006). The patients ranged in age from 14 years to 67 years (average, 26 years). Our classifications were based on the radiographic findings: linear type (51 cases); cystic type (24 cases); and sclerotic or displaced type (30 cases). Linear and cystic types did not have any displacement more than 2 mm. If the fracture line had a sclerotic zone thicker than 1 mm, it was classified as sclerotic or displaced. The length of time before surgery did not affect the classification. Osteosynthesis was performed--without bone graft in all linear cases, with a bone graft in 7 and without a bone graft in 17 cases in cystic type, and with all bone graft in sclerotic or displaced type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone union was achieved in all cases in linear type. There were one failure (AO) in 7 cases with bone graft and 3 failures (1 Herbert and 2 AO) in 17 cases without bone graft in cystic type. All 10 cases achieved bone union without bone graft in cystic type using Acutrak screw. There were two failure cases (2 AO) in sclerotic or displaced type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screw fixation without bone graft using Acutrak screws was a reliable strategy for the treatment of cystic-type scaphoid fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. ikeikemed@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osamura
authors.forename: Katsuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult