Nanotechnology in medical imaging: probe design and applications.
Nanoparticles have become more and more prevalent in reports of novel contrast agents, especially for molecular imaging, the detection of cellular processes. The advantages of nanoparticles include their potency to generate contrast, the ease of integrating multiple properties, lengthy circulation times, and the possibility to include high payloads. As the chemistry of nanoparticles has improved over the past years, more sophisticated examples of nano-sized contrast agents have been reported, such as paramagnetic, macrophage targeted quantum dots or alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted, MRI visible microemulsions that also carry a drug to suppress angiogenesis. The use of these particles is producing greater knowledge of disease processes and the effects of therapy. Along with their excellent properties, nanoparticles may produce significant toxicity, which must be minimized for (clinical) application. In this review we discuss the different factors that are considered when designing a nanoparticle probe and highlight some of the most advanced examples.
Cormode
David P
DP
Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Skajaa
Torjus
T
Fayad
Zahi A
ZA
Mulder
Willem J M
WJ
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits
D003287:Contrast Media