title: Fundus autofluorescence and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of 10 and 20 millisecond Pascal retinal photocoagulation treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the evolution of pattern scanning laser (Pascal) photocoagulation burns in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (AF), and to evaluate these characteristics with clinically visible alterations in outer retina (OR) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard red-free and colour fundus photography (FP), FD-OCT, and fundus camera-based AF were performed in 17 eyes of 11 patients following macular and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hour following Pascal application, visibility of threshold burns on FP was incomplete. AF enabled visualisation of complete treatment arrays at 1 h, with hypoautofluorescence at sites of each laser burn. AF signals accurately correlated with localised increased optical reflectivity within the outer retina on FD-OCT. AF signals became hyperautofluorescent at 1 week, and corresponded on FD-OCT to defects at the junction of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors (JI/OSP) and upper surface of RPE. A 10 ms macular laser pulse produced a localised defect at the level of JI/OSP and RPE. Macular and 20 ms PRP burns did not enlarge at 1 year's and 18 months' follow-up respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the in vivo spatial localisation and clinical correlation of medium-pulse Pascal photocoagulation burns within outer retina and RPE, using high-resolution FD-OCT and AF. Ophthalmoscopically invisible and threshold Pascal burns may be accurately localised and mapped by AF and FD-OCT, with monitoring over time.
authors.affiliation: Consultant Ophthalmologist and Vitreoretinal Surgeon, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK. retinaspecialist@btinternet.com
authors.forename: M M K
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Muqit
authors.forename: J C B
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Marcellino
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stanga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*