title: Unawareness of disability in CVA: a comparison study with musculoskeletal patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unawareness in cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was investigated employing a multiple rater, multimodal assessment approach and by comparison with demographically matched musculoskeletal patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Unawareness is a phenomenon often reported in CVA that poses challenges in neurorehabilitation settings, but debate exists regarding processes involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three techniques for rating awareness were used: independent clinical rating, comparison of structured interview with medical information, and discrepancies in performance estimation. Association with neurocognitive and psychogenic factors was also explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specific association of unawareness with CVA was confirmed; CVA patients had less awareness of disability than musculoskeletal patients and underestimated performance difficulties relative to staff. Awareness measures showed convergent validity, yet were not redundant, perhaps tapping different aspects of awareness. Cognition, emotion, and group diagnostic classification successfully predict awareness when combined in multiple regression analyses. Unawareness had variable associations with cognition and emotion individually. Awareness was more consistently associated with cognition in musculoskeletal patients. Results suggested that unawareness is complex and multidimensional. Findings support some concurrence of cognitive and emotional factors in patients with unawareness of disability, yet suggest that unawareness may also have some distinct and independent status beyond contributions from associated factors.
authors.affiliation: Rusk Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Karen.Langer@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Karen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Samuels
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D001364:Awareness; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome