title: Forget-me-nots in the care of children with retinoblastoma.
abstract: The management of retinoblastoma has gradually evolved over the past years from enucleation to radiotherapy to current techniques of chemotherapy. Eyes with massive retinoblastoma filling the globe are still managed with enucleation, whereas those with small, medium, or even large tumors can be managed with chemoreduction followed by tumor consolidation with thermotherapy or cryotherapy. Despite multiple or large tumors, visual acuity can reach 20/40 or better in many cases, particularly those eyes with extramacular tumors. Previous complications of dry eye, cataract, retinopathy, and facial deformity that were found following external beam radiotherapy are not anticipated following chemoreduction. Recurrence from subretinal and vitreous seeds can be problematic. Long-term follow up for second cancers is advised.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors