Environmental factors in the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is currently one of the most common health problems in the Western world, affecting up to 20% of the adult population weekly and 50% monthly. It generates substantial suffering among patients as well as significant costs to both patients and society in general. GERD can further result in serious complications such as esophageal strictures, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This review discusses the current knowledge on risk factors and potential protective factors in the development of GERD.
Nordenstedt
Helena
H
Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, P9:03, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. helena.nordenstedt@ki.se
Lagergren
Jesper
J
D004777:Environment; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors