title: Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary complications, improves pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of the incentive spirometry (IS) with expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is not well established. This study sought to determine the effects of IS+EPAP after CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients undergoing CABG were randomly assigned to a control group or IS+EPAP group. Maximal respiratory pressures, pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test and chest x-ray were performed at baseline as well as 1 week and 1 month after CABG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly higher in the IS+EPAP group compared to controls at both 1 week and 1 month (P<.001). Maximal expiratory pressure was significantly higher at 1 month compared to 1 week in IS+EPAP group (P<.01). At 1 month, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was significantly higher in IS+EPAP compared to controls (P<.05). Inspiratory capacity was higher at 1 month in IS+EPAP group compared to controls (P<.05). The distance walked in 6-minute walk test was higher at 1 month in IS+EPAP group (P<.001) compared to controls. Lastly, radiological injury score at 1 week was lower in IS+EPAP compared to controls (P<.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing CABG, IS+EPAP results in improved pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance as well as a reduction in PPC.
authors.affiliation: Post-graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauren Porto
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Haeffener
authors.forename: Glória Menz
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Sérgio Saldanha Menna
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dall'Ago
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*