title: Quantification of mitral-valve regurgitation in a paediatric population by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of mitral-regurgitation (MR) severity in infants is challenging. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) allows accurate left-ventricular volumetric measurements in adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate RT3DE by measuring stroke volume in a normal paediatric population, then to use this new method to calculate regurgitant volume in paediatric patients with MR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients, aged one week to 19 years, (29 without and 25 with MR) had two-dimensional echocardiography coupled with RT3DE left-ventricular volumetric acquisition. Stroke volume was calculated by the Doppler method at the aortic annulus (SV(D)). End-systolic and end-diastolic left-ventricular volumes were measured using the QLab semi-automated method; three-dimensional stroke volume (SV(3D)) was calculated as their difference. In the MR group, regurgitant volume was calculated by the PISA method (RV(PISA)) and as the difference between SV(3D) and SV(D) (RV(3D)). Regurgitant fraction was also evaluated by these methods (RF(PISA) and RF(3D)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurement feasibility was 88%. In the normal group, SV(3D) (27.9+/-18.1 ml) was highly correlated with SV(D) (30.7+/-19.6 ml; r=0.98; p<0.000). In the MR group, RV(PISA) (15.7+/-14.4 ml) and RV(3D) (11.0+/-10.2 ml) were well correlated (r=0.83; p<0.001). Regurgitant fractions were also well correlated (RF(PISA)=30.4+/-17.0%; RF(3D)=24.3+/-15.9%; r=0.79, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT3DE is a simple, rapid and reliable method for evaluating stroke volume in children and may, therefore, be useful for evaluating regurgitant volume and fraction in paediatric patients with MR.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Princesse Grace Hospital, Monaco.
authors.forename: Decebal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gabriel Latcu
authors.forename: Soizic
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paranon
authors.forename: Vanina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bongard
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassil-Eter
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grosjean-Guitton
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dulac
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult