title: Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
abstract: Many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type III secretion (T3S) system. Through genome screening for genes encoding potential T3S effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae MAFF311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known T3S effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein HrpX, or iii) proteins with N-terminal amino acid patterns associated with T3S substrates of Pseudomonas syringae. Of effector candidates tested with the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter for translocation into plant cells, 16 proteins were translocated in a T3S system-dependent manner. Of these 16 proteins, nine were homologs of known effectors in other plant-pathogenic bacteria and seven were not. Most of the effectors were widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp.; however, some were specific to X. oryzae. Interestingly, all these effectors were expressed in an HrpX-dependent manner, suggesting coregulation of effectors and the T3S system. In X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, HpaB and HpaC (HpaP in X. oryzae pv. oryzae) have a central role in recruiting T3S substrates to the secretion apparatus. Secretion of all but one effector was reduced in both HpaB() and HpaP() mutant strains, indicating that HpaB and HpaP are widely involved in efficient secretion of the effectors.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furutani
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuge
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins