title: Butyrate and trichostatin A attenuate nuclear factor kappaB activation and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion and increase prostaglandin E2 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: The effects of short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, and acetate) and trichostatin A (TSA), a typical histone deacetylase inhibitor, on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha secretion and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced with lipopolysaccharide were evaluated in relation to prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) secretion. Treatment of cells with butyrate; tributyrin, a prodrug of butyrate; propionate; acetate; and TSA down-regulated TNF-alpha secretion but all up-regulated PGE(2) secretion. Butyrate, propionate, and TSA inhibited NF-kappaB activation. The effects of the cyclooxygenase-nonspecific inhibitor, indomethacin; the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, N-[2-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitro-phenyl] methanesulfonamide; and the general lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, varied in cells treated with each short-chain fatty acids. N-[2-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitro-phenyl] methanesulfonamide inhibited the effect of propionate on TNF-alpha secretion, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited that of acetate. The results showed that butyrate, propionate, and TSA inhibited TNF-alpha production via PGE(2) secretion and down-regulated NF-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that the mechanism of butyrate and propionate action is through histone deacetylation and acetate through lipoxygenase activation in the regulation of proinflammatory responses in cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Metabolism, Faculty of Health Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. musa@ams.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fueda
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011355:Prodrugs; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C012589:trichostatin A; D015232:Dinoprostone; C005830:tributyrin