title: Concepts of development and the Rorschach: the contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in historical context.
abstract: The Rorschach Test has been approached from 3 fundamentally different developmental perspectives: those growing out of the empiricist tradition, psychoanalysis, and the developmental psychologies of Piaget and Werner. In this article, I highlight the distinctive characteristics of each perspective, explore how they have shaped approaches to Rorschach theory and practice, and examine the contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in this context.
authors.affiliation: Midwest Psychiatry, Overland Park, Kansas 66209, USA. mbleichtman@aol.com
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leichtman
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000266:history; D012392:Rorschach Test / Q000266:history*