title: Emergence of a peak in early infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  South Africa has among the highest levels of HIV prevalence in the world. Our objectives are to describe the distribution of South African infant and child mortality by age at fine resolution, to identify any trends over recent time and to examine these trends for HIV-associated and non HIV-associated causes of mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of vital registration data was conducted. All registered postneonatal deaths under 1 year of age in South Africa for the period 1997-2002 were analysed by age in months using a generalized linear model with a log link and Poisson family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postneonatal mortality increased each year over the period 1997-2002. A peak in HIV-related deaths was observed, centred at 2-3 months of age, rising monotonically over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We interpret the peak in mortality at 2-3 months as an indicator for paediatric AIDS in a South African population with high HIV prevalence and where other causes of death are not sufficiently high to mask HIV effects. Intrauterine and intrapartum infection may contribute to this peak. It is potentially a useful surveillance tool, not requiring an exact cause of death. The findings also illustrate the need for early treatment of mother and child in settings with very high HIV prevalence.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. David.Bourne@uct.ac.za
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: MaryLou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Linnea L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laubscher
authors.forename: M Fareed
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Jonny E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology