title: The unfolded protein response signals through high-order assembly of Ire1.
abstract: Aberrant folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum activates the bifunctional transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease Ire1. Ire1 excises an intron from HAC1 messenger RNA in yeasts and Xbp1 messenger RNA in metozoans encoding homologous transcription factors. This non-conventional mRNA splicing event initiates the unfolded protein response, a transcriptional program that relieves the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here we show that oligomerization is central to Ire1 function and is an intrinsic attribute of its cytosolic domains. We obtained the 3.2-A crystal structure of the oligomer of the Ire1 cytosolic domains in complex with a kinase inhibitor that acts as a potent activator of the Ire1 RNase. The structure reveals a rod-shaped assembly that has no known precedence among kinases. This assembly positions the kinase domain for trans-autophosphorylation, orders the RNase domain, and creates an interaction surface for binding of the mRNA substrate. Activation of Ire1 through oligomerization expands the mechanistic repertoire of kinase-based signalling receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. alexei.korennykh@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Alexei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Korennykh
authors.forename: Pascal F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Egea
authors.forename: Andrei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Korostelev
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finer-Moore
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kevan M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shokat
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C091341:HAC1 protein, S cerevisiae; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C082863:IRE1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012260:Ribonucleases