title: Clinical trial: percutaneous acetic acid injection vs. percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma--a long-term follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term outcome of percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treating small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the long-term outcome of PAI vs. PEI for treating small HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1998 to July 2004, 125 patients with small HCC were enrolled. Seventy patients receiving PAI and 55 patients receiving PEI were enrolled. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the two groups. Tumour recurrence and survival rates were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up time was 43 months. The local recurrence rate and new tumour recurrence rate were similar between the PAI and PEI groups. The PAI group had significantly better survival than the PEI group (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed that PAI was the significant factor associated with overall survival [PAI vs. PEI, RR: 0.639, 95% CI: (0.419-1.975), P = 0.038]. The treatment sessions required to achieve complete tumour necrosis were significantly fewer in the PAI group than in the PEI group (2.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 1.3, P = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous acetic acid injection required fewer treatment sessions than PEI and provided better survival after long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D019342:Acetic Acid