title: Expression of GATA-6 transcription factor in pleural malignant mesothelioma and metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumour with poor prognosis and limited response to therapy. New markers for the prediction of prognosis in MM and in pulmonary adenocarcinoma of the pleura are valuable. GATA-6 belongs to a six member zinc finger transcription factor family named after their recognition motif W-GATA-R.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the distribution and possible function of GATA-6 transcription factor in MM and in pleural metastasis of lung adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  63 pleural MM and 36 pleural metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas were studied for GATA-6 expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. Expression of GATA-6 was examined in relation to thyroid transcription factor-1 expression, survival, proliferation and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear immunoreactivity for GATA-6 was stronger and more frequent in MM than in metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma. Prognosis was better in patients with GATA-6 expression when compared to those with no GATA-6 expression (p = 0.002); in the subgroup analysis the difference was significant in epithelial and sarcomatous mesothelioma. GATA-6 was not associated with spontaneous proliferation or apoptosis of the tumour cells in situ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that GATA-6 plays a role in pleural malignancies, predicting longer survival in subgroups of MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myllärniemi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knuutila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heikinheimo
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kinnula
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salmenkivi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins