title: Bladder cancer and smoking. Part 4: efficacy of health promotion.
abstract: This is the last of a four-part series on bladder cancer and smoking. Part 1 presented an overview of bladder cancer and the role of smoking in its development (Anderson and Naish, 2008a), part 2 discussed diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (Anderson and Naish, 2008b) and part 3 examined perceptions and beliefs related to smoking and health (Anderson and Naish, 2008c). Part 4 examines evidence for the efficacy of health promotional measures in helping people to stop smoking. It aims to provide an insight into whether health education and health promotion increase awareness of the impact of smoking on health and wellbeing, and whether a person's subsequent behaviour changes enough for them to stop smoking. Finally, it discusses the role of the healthcare professional in helping people to achieve this objective.
authors.affiliation: Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, St Helier Hospital, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Naish
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*