New perspectives on techniques for the clinical psychiatrist: Brain stimulation, chronobiology and psychiatric brain imaging.
This review summarizes a scientific dialogue between representatives in non-pharmacological treatment options of affective disorders. Among the recently introduced somatic treatments for depression those with most evidenced efficacy will be discussed. The first part of this article presents current opinions about the clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. The second part explains the most relevant uses of chronobiology in mood disorders, while the last part deals with the main perspectives on brain imaging techniques in psychiatry. The aim was to bridge gaps between the research evidence and clinical decisions, and reach an agreement on several key points of chronobiological and brain stimulation techniques, as well as on relevant objectives for future research.
Zanardi
Raffaella
R
San Raffaele Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy. zanardi.raffaella@hsr.it
Barbini
Barbara
B
Rossini
David
D
Bernasconi
Alessandro
A
Fregni
Felipe
F
Padberg
Frank
F
Rossi
Simone
S
Wirz-Justice
Anna
A
Terman
Michael
M
Martiny
Klaus
K
Bersani
Giuseppe
G
Hariri
Ahmad R
AR
Pezawas
Lukas
L
Roiser
Jonathan P
JP
Bertolino
Alessandro
A
Calabrese
Giovanna
G
Magri
Lorenzo
L
Benedetti
Francesco
F
Pontiggia
Adriana
A
Malaguti
Alessia
A
Smeraldi
Enrico
E
Colombo
Cristina
C
D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D010507:Periodicity; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation