title: Relationship between HIV protease inhibitors and QTc interval duration in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  QTc interval prolongation and torsades de pointes have been reported in HIV-infected patients. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are suspected to contribute to this adverse reaction. However, many factors can prolong QTc interval. We examined factors influencing QTc duration in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unselected HIV-infected patients (n = 978) were enrolled in this prospective, single-centre cross-sectional study. Variables related to infection and treatments were collected. A digital electrocardiographic record was recorded in each patient and QT interval duration was measured and corrected using both Bazett's (QTcB) and Fridericia's (QTcF) formula. Results were analysed with a multivariable linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding arrhythmias and complete bundle branch blocks, QT interval was measured in 956 patients. The mean (SD) QTcB was 418 ms (23) and QTcF was 405 ms (20). QTc was found prolonged (>450 ms in women and >440 ms in men) in 129 [13.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5, 15.8] and 38 (4%; 95% CI 2.9, 5.4) patients using Bazett and Fridericia corrections, respectively. On multivariable analysis, incomplete bundle branch block, ventricular hypertrophy, signs of ischaemic cardiopathy, female gender, White ethnic origin and age were significantly associated with QTc prolongation. The only HIV variable independently associated with QTc prolongation was the duration of infection (P = 0.023). After adjustment, anti-HIV treatment, in particular PI (P = 0.99), was not associated with QTc prolongation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PIs block in vitro hERG current, they are not independently associated with QTc interval prolongation. Prolonged QTc interval in HIV-infected patients is primarily associated with factors commonly known to prolong QT and with the duration of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Est, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France. beny.charbit@sat.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Beny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charbit
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosier
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bollens
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boccara
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Boelle
authors.forename: Afef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koubaa
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Funck-Brentano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011188:Potassium