title: TRAIL and Taurolidine induce apoptosis and decrease proliferation in human fibrosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disseminated soft tissue sarcoma still represents a therapeutic dilemma because effective cytostatics are missing. Therefore we tested TRAIL and Tarolidine (TRD), two substances with apoptogenic properties on human fibrosarcoma (HT1080).
  
  
  METHODS
  Viability, apoptosis and necrosis were visualized by TUNEL-Assay and quantitated by FACS analysis (Propidiumiodide/AnnexinV staining). Gene expression was analysed by RNA-Microarray and the results validated for selected genes by rtPCR. Protein level changes were documented by Western Blot analysis. NFKB activity was analysed by ELISA and proliferation assays (BrdU) were performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single substances TRAIL and TRD induced apoptotic cell death and decreased proliferation in HT1080 cells significantly. Gene expression of several genes related to apoptotic pathways (TRAIL: ARHGDIA, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3; TRD: HSPA1A/B, NFKBIA, GADD45A, SGK, JUN, MAP3K14) was changed. The combination of TRD and TRAIL significantly increased apoptotic cell death compared to the single substances and lead to expression changes in a variety of genes (HSPA1A/B, NFKBIA, PPP1R15A, GADD45A, AXL, SGK, DUSP1, JUN, IRF1, MYC, BAG5, BIRC3). NFKB activity assay revealed an antipodal regulation of the several subunits of NFKB by TRD and TRD+TRAIL compared to TRAIL alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRD and TRAIL are effective to induce apoptosis and decrease proliferation in human fibrosarcoma. A variety of genes seems to be involved, pointing to the NFKB pathway as key regulator in TRD/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Center, Hand Center, Sarcoma Reference Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. adrien.daigeler@rub.de
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daigeler
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brenzel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: Hans U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Steinau
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flier
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinstraesser
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein-Hitpass
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mittelkötter
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: Ansgar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chromik
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D013829:Thiadiazines; D013654:Taurine; C012566:taurolidine