title: Generalized deficit in all core components of empathy in schizophrenia.
abstract: Empathy is a multidimensional construct composed of several components such as emotion recognition, emotional perspective taking and affective responsiveness. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits in several domains of emotion processing and perspective taking, thus suggesting a dysfunctional emotional competence. We assessed empathic abilities via three paradigms measuring emotion recognition, perspective taking and affective responsiveness as well as self-report empathy questionnaires in 24 (12 females, 12 males) schizophrenia patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 24 matched healthy volunteers. Patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University and healthy volunteers were recruited via advertisement. Groups were matched for age, gender and parental education. Data analysis indicates a significant empathic deficit in patients, reflected in worse performance in all three domains. This deficit was only partly reflected in the self-report empathy questionnaires. Comparing the different tasks, emotional perspective taking was the most difficult task for all subjects and symptomatology worsened affective responsiveness. Schizophrenia patients not only struggle to correctly identify emotions, but also have difficulties in spontaneously simulating another person's subjective world (perspective taking) and might not be able to respond adequately in terms of their own emotional experience (affective responsiveness), which are not caused by emotion perception deficits. The results suggest that all domains of empathy are affected in schizophrenia and have to be addressed independently in behavioral therapies, thereby offering a possibility to improve socio-occupational life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. bderntl@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Derntl
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finkelmeyer
authors.forename: Timur K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Toygar
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hülsmann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Dania I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Falkenberg
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Habel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000209:etiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004645:Empathy; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology