title: Hormone disruption by PBDEs in adult male sport fish consumers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), affect endocrine function. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are similar in structure to PCBs, has increased recently, but health effects have not been well studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal in this study was to determine whether PBDE body burdens are related to thyroid and steroid hormone levels, thyroid antibodies, and thyroid disease in a cohort of frequent and infrequent adult male sport fish consumers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested serum from 405 adult males for PBDE congeners, PCB congeners, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), SHBG-bound testosterone, thyroglobulin antibodies, and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T(4)), triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and T(4)-binding globulin (TBG). We collected data on demographics, fish consumption, medical diseases, and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median sum of PBDEs was 38 ng/g lipid. In 308 men without thyroid disease or diabetes, PBDEs were positively related to measures of T(4) and reverse T(3) and inversely related to total T(3) and TSH. PBDEs were positively related to the percentage of T(4) bound to albumin, and inversely related to the percentage of T(4) bound to TBG. Associations of BDE congeners with hormones varied. BDE-47 was positively associated with testosterone levels. Participants with PBDEs over the 95th percentile were more likely to have thyroglobulin antibodies, although high PBDE exposure was not associated with thyroid disease. PBDE effects were independent of PCB exposure and sport fish consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBDE exposure, at levels comparable with those of the general U.S. population, was associated with increased thyroglobulin antibodies and increased T(4) in adult males.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. mturyk1@uic.edu
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Turyk
authors.forename: Victoria W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Imm
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knobeloch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chatterton
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004987:Ethers; D005399:Fishes; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D011998:Recreation
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004987:Ethers; D006728:Hormones; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls