Chest compression quality variables influencing the temporal development of ROSC-predictors calculated from the ECG during VF.
BACKGROUND
Predictive measures that reflect the probability of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) if the patient is defibrillated can be calculated from the electrocardiogram during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). It has not been studied how the quality of chest compressions affect the development of such ROSC predictors.


METHODS
We have formulated a model for the effect of chest compressions on the ROSC predictor median-slope (MS). For untreated VF/VT MS is assumed to decay with time and increases in MS are attributed to the effect of chest compressions. The model correlates observed trends in MS with compression quality variables derived from measurements of compression depth and force recorded during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Among the quality variables tested were compression rate, depth, duty cycle, leaning depth, force, work and a novel quality indicator termed residual heart force. The model was first developed on an exploration dataset and thereafter validated against independent data.


RESULTS
When testing the indicators one by one, residual heart force (p<0.0001), force (p<0.0001) and work (p=0.0210) were significantly correlated to MS development. In multivariate analysis, residual heart force (p<0.0001) was the most significant indicator. Adjusting for residual heart force, there was a tendency that increased depth was associated with smaller effect of compressions (p=0.0330).


CONCLUSIONS
Using MS as an indicator of the state of the myocardium, force-based compression quality variables are better indicators of efficient CPR than compression depth. A novel indicator termed residual heart force gives the best correlation with observed trends in MS.
Gundersen
Kenneth
K
Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. Kenneth.gundersen@uis.no
Nysaether
Jon
J
Kvaløy
Jan Terje
JT
Kramer-Johansen
Jo
J
Eftestøl
Trygve
T
D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy