title: Characterization of the ompL1 gene of pathogenic Leptospira species in China and cross-immunogenicity of the OmpL1 protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The usefulness of available vaccine and serological tests for leptospirosis is limited by the low cross-reactivity of antigens from numerous serovars of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Identification of genus-specific protein antigens (GP-Ag) of Leptospira would be important for development of universal vaccines and serodiagnostic methods. OmpL1, a transmembrane porin of pathogenic leptospires, was identified as a possible GP-Ag, but its sequence diversity and immune cross-reactivity among different serovars of pathogenic leptospires remains largely unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR analysis demonstrated that the ompL1 gene existed in all 15 official Chinese standard strains as well as 163 clinical strains of pathogenic leptospires isolated in China. In the standard strains, the ompL1 gene could be divided into three groups (ompL1/1, ompL1/2 and ompL1/3) according to their sequence identities. Immune electron microscopy demonstrated that all products of the different gene types of ompL1 are located on the surface of leptospires. The microscopic agglutination test revealed extensive yet distinct cross-immunoagglutination among the antisera against recombinant OmpL1 (rOmpL1) and leptospiral strains belonging to different ompL1 gene types. These cross-immunoreactions were further verified by ELISAs using the OmpL1 proteins as the coated antigens in serum samples from 385 leptospirosis patients. All the antisera against rOmpL1 proteins could inhibit L. interrogans strain Lai from adhering to J774A.1 cells. Furthermore, immunization of guinea pigs with each of the rOmpL1 proteins could cause cross-immunoprotection against lethal challenge with leptospires from different ompL1 gene types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three types of the ompL1 gene are present in pathogenic leptospires in China. OmpL1 is an immunoprotective GP-Ag which should be considered in the design of new universal vaccines and serodiagnostic methods against leptospirosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, PR China. yanzidong1973@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Dexter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ojcius
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002681:China; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007919:Leptospira / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011817:Rabbits; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; C081904:ompL1 protein, Leptospira