title: Contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo controls neural crest directional migration.
abstract: Contact inhibition of locomotion was discovered by Abercrombie more than 50 years ago and describes the behaviour of fibroblast cells confronting each other in vitro, where they retract their protrusions and change direction on contact. Its failure was suggested to contribute to malignant invasion. However, the molecular basis of contact inhibition of locomotion and whether it also occurs in vivo are still unknown. Here we show that neural crest cells, a highly migratory and multipotent embryonic cell population, whose behaviour has been likened to malignant invasion, demonstrate contact inhibition of locomotion both in vivo and in vitro, and that this accounts for their directional migration. When two migrating neural crest cells meet, they stop, collapse their protrusions and change direction. In contrast, when a neural crest cell meets another cell type, it fails to display contact inhibition of locomotion; instead, it invades the other tissue, in the same manner as metastatic cancer cells. We show that inhibition of non-canonical Wnt signalling abolishes both contact inhibition of locomotion and the directionality of neural crest migration. Wnt-signalling members localize at the site of cell contact, leading to activation of RhoA in this region. These results provide the first example of contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo, provide an explanation for coherent directional migration of groups of cells and establish a previously unknown role for non-canonical Wnt signalling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carmona-Fontaine
authors.forename: Helen K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Maddy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Claudio D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003260:Contact Inhibition; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051153:Wnt Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein