title: Effects of gel lubricant on cervical cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of lubricating gel during vaginal speculum examination affected cytologic interpretation in the conventional Pap smear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two consecutive cervical smears were obtained from 1334 patients undergoing Pap smear screening. The first smear (uncontaminated) was obtained using the routine collection technique. The second smear (gel-contaminated) was taken after applying a 1- to 1.5-cm ribbon of lubricating gel onto the external cervical os. Adequacy of Pap smear and discordance in diagnosis between the paired smears were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of unsatisfactory smears was significantly higher in the gel-contaminated smears, 12.1% vs. 1.7% (p < 0.01). This difference was consistent across all reproductive groups. For patients who had smears satisfactory for cytologic evaluation, the discordance in cytologic diagnosis between the gel-contaminated and uncontaminated smears from the same patient was 0.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lubricating gel contamination of the cervix can adversely affect adequacy and cytologic diagnosis in the conventional Pap smear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. kicharoe@mail.med.cmu.ac.th
authors.forename: Kittipat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charoenkwan
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninunanahaeminda
authors.forename: Surapan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khunamornpong
authors.forename: Jatupol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srisomboon
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Thorner
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008153:Lubrication; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels