title: Grade-dependent effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in response to doxorubicin in human bladder cancer cell lines.
abstract: Doxorubicin is an important component of combination therapy for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. Treatment with this topoisomerase II poison is able to interfere with cell cycle progression and lead to cancer cell death. Using FACS analysis, Western immunoblotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we studied the effects of doxorubicin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and also explored the possibility of using groups of genes as biomarkers of prognosis and/or response to doxorubicin treatment in human urinary bladder cancer cells. Doxorubicin induced dose-dependent G2/M and/or G1/S cell cycle arrest, followed by grade- and dose-dependent reduction in the amount of the cytosolic trimeric form of FasL, activation of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, cleavage of PARP, Lamin A/C, Bcl-XL/S and interestingly Hsp90, and finally cell death. Data presented here also suggest the use of the expression patterns of Cyclin-E2, Cyclin-F, p63, p73, FasL, TRAIL, Tweak, Tweak-R, XAF-1, OPG and Bok genes for identification of the differentiation grade, and Cyclin-B2, GADD45A, p73, FasL, Bik, Bim, TRAIL, Fas, Tweak-R, XAF-1, Bcl-2, Survivin, OPG, DcR2 and Bcl-XL genes for the detection of response to doxorubicin in human bladder cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stravopodis
authors.forename: Panagiotis K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Karkoulis
authors.forename: Eumorphia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Konstantakou
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melachroinou
authors.forename: Antonis D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lampidonis
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anastasiou
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kachrilas
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Messini-Nikolaki
authors.forename: Issidora S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Papassideri
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aravantinos
authors.forename: Lukas H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Margaritis
authors.forename: Gerassimos E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Voutsinas
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004317:Doxorubicin