title: Systemic administration of diarylpropionitrile (DPN) or phytoestrogens does not affect anxiety-related behaviors in gonadally intact male rats.
abstract: The development of highly selective agonists for the two major subforms of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha and ERbeta) has produced new experimental methodologies for delineating the distinct functional role each plays in neurobehavioral biology. It has also been suggested that these compounds might have the potential to treat estrogen influenced behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Prior work has established that the ERbeta agonist, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) is anxiolytic in gonadectomized animals of both sexes, but whether or not this effect persists in gonadally intact individuals is unknown. Isoflavone phytoestrogens, also potent but less selective ERbeta agonists, have also been shown to influence anxiety in multiple species and are becoming more readily available to humans as health supplements. Here we determined the effects of 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg DPN, 1 mg/kg of the ERalpha agonist propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT), 3 or 20 mg/kg of the isoflavone equol (EQ) and 3 or 20 mg/kg of the isoflavone polyphenol resveratrol (RES) on anxiety behavior in the gonadally intact male rat using the light/dark box and the elevated plus maze. We first determined that DPN can be successfully administered either orally or by subcutaneous injection, although plasma DPN levels are significantly lower if given orally. Once injected, plasma levels peak rapidly and then decline to baseline levels within 3 h of administration. For the behavioral studies, all compounds were injected and the animals were tested within 3 h of treatment. None of the compounds, at any of the doses, significantly altered anxiety-related behavior. Plasma testosterone levels were also not significantly altered suggesting that these compounds do not interfere with endogenous androgen levels. The results suggest that the efficacy of ERbeta agonists may depend on gonadal status. Therefore the therapeutic potential of ERbeta selective agonists to treat mood disorders may be limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Heather_patisaul@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Heather B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Patisaul
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hinkle
authors.forename: Heather B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Adewale
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D060754:Equol; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D010636:Phenols; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C486182:2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile; C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D007529:Isoflavones; D009570:Nitriles; D010636:Phenols; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D011422:Propionates; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013267:Stilbenes; C486184:4,4',4''-(4-propyl-((1)H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris-phenol; D013739:Testosterone; D060754:Equol; D000077185:Resveratrol