title: Inhibition of human prostate cancer xenograft growth by 125I labeled triple-helix forming oligonucleotide directed against androgen receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The failure of hormone treatment for advanced prostate cancer might be related to aberrant activation of the androgen receptor. We have shown that (125)I labeled triple-helix forming oligonucleotide (TFO) against the androgen receptor gene inhibits androgen receptor expression and cell proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro. This study aimed at exploring the effects of the (125)I-TFO on prostate tumor growth in vivo using a nude mouse xenograft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  TFO was labeled with (125)I by the iodogen method. Thirty-two nude mice bearing LNCaP xenograft tumors were randomized into 4 groups and were intratumorally injected with (125)I-TFO, unlabeled TFO, Na(125)I and normal saline. Tumor size was measured weekly. The tumor growth inhibition rate (RI) was calculated by measurement of tumor weight. The expression of the androgen receptor gene was performed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical study. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The tumor cell apoptosis index (AI) was detected by TUNEL assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor measurements showed that tumor development was significantly inhibited by either (125)I-TFO or TFO, with tumor RIs of 50.79% and 32.80% respectively. (125)I-TFO caused greater inhibition of androgen receptor expression and higher AIs in tumor tissue than TFO. Both the tumor weight and the PSA serum levels in (125)I-TFO treated mice ((0.93 +/- 0.15) g and (17.43 +/- 1.85) ng/ml, respectively) were significantly lower than those ((1.27 +/- 0.21) g and (28.25 +/- 3.41) ng/ml, respectively) in TFO treated mice (all P < 0.05). Na(125)I did not significantly affect tumor growth and androgen receptor expression in tumor tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The (125)I-TFO can effectively inhibit androgen receptor expression and tumor growth of human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo. The inhibitory efficacy of (125)I-TFO is more potent than that of TFO, providing a reference for future studies of antigen radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China. zy5040@163.com
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Han-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jin-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chang-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Chang-zheng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Hua-qiao
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen