title: L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 2 diabetes are under high oxidative stress, and levels of hyperglycemia correlate strongly with levels of LDL oxidation. Carnitine favorably modulates oxidative stress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine on the reduction of oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups for 3 mo. The 2 groups received either 2 g L-carnitine once daily (n = 41) or placebo (n = 40). The following variables were assessed at baseline, after washout, and at 1, 2, and 3 mo of treatment: body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B-100, oxidized LDL cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and conjugated dienes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the study period, the L-carnitine-treated patients showed significant improvements compared with the placebo group in the following markers: oxidized LDL levels decreased by 15.1 compared with 3.0 U/L (P < 0.001); LDL cholesterol decreased by 0.45 compared with 0.16 mmol/L (P < 0.05); triglycerides decreased by 1.02 compared with 0.09 mmol/L (P < 0.001); apolipoprotein A1 concentrations decreased by 0.12 compared with 0.03 mg/dL (P < 0.05); apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations decreased by 0.13 compared with 0.04 mg/dL (P < 0.05); thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations decreased by 1.92 compared with 0.05 (P < 0.001), and conjugated diene concentrations decreased by 0.72 compared with 0.11 in the placebo group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that oral administration of L-carnitine reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Senescence, Urological and Neurological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. malaguar@unict.it
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vacante
authors.forename: Teresio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Avitabile
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cammalleri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motta
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002331:Carnitine; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014280:Triglycerides; D014803:Vitamin B Complex