title: Role of MKK3-p38 MAPK signalling in the development of type 2 diabetes and renal injury in obese db/db mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased intracellular p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, which may promote tissue inflammation and injury. Activation of p38 MAPK can be induced by either of the immediate upstream kinases, MAP kinase kinase (MKK)3 or MKK6, and recent evidence suggests that MKK3 has non-redundant roles in the pathology attributed to p38 MAPK activation. Therefore, this study examined whether MKK3 signalling influences the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type and Mkk3 (also known as Map2k3) gene-deficient db/db mice were assessed for the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and renal injury from 8 to 32 weeks of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mkk3 (+/+) db/db and Mkk3 (-/-) db/db mice developed comparable obesity and were similar in terms of incidence and severity of type 2 diabetes. At 32 weeks, diabetic Mkk3 (+/+) db/db mice had increased kidney levels of phospho-p38 and MKK3 protein. In comparison, kidney levels of phospho-p38 in diabetic Mkk3 ( -/- ) db/db mice remained normal, despite a fourfold compensatory increase in MKK6 protein levels. The reduced levels of p38 MAPK signalling in the diabetic kidneys of Mkk3 ( -/- ) db/db mice was associated with protection against the following: declining renal function, increasing albuminuria, renal hypertrophy, podocyte loss, mesangial cell activation and glomerular fibrosis. Diabetic Mkk3 ( -/- ) db/db mice were also significantly protected from tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis, which was associated with reduced Ccl2 mRNA expression and interstitial macrophage accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MKK3-p38 MAPK signalling is not required for the development of obesity or type 2 diabetes, but plays a distinct pathogenic role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
authors.forename: A K H
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nikolic-Paterson
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozols
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tesch
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015342:DNA Probes; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C515447:leptin receptor, mouse; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; C482531:Map2k3 protein, mouse