title: Cells and biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: Cartilage defects are notoriously difficult to repair and owing to the long-term prognosis of osteoarthritis, and a rapidly aging population, a need for new therapies is pressing. Cell-based therapies for cartilage regeneration were introduced into patients in the early 1990s. Since that time the technology has developed from a simple cell suspension to more complex 3D structures. Cells, both chondrocytes and stem cells, have been incorporated into scaffold material with the aim to better recreate the natural environment of the cell, while providing more structural support to withstand the large forces applied on the de novo tissue. This review aims to provide an overview of potential cell sources and different scaffold materials, which are in development for cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, AO Research Institute, Davos Platz, Switzerland. martin.stoddart@aofoundation.org
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stoddart
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grad
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eglin
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials