title: Differentiating a network of executive attention: LORETA neurofeedback in anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examines the differential effects of space-specific neuro-operant learning, utilizing low-resolution electromagnetic tomographic (LORETA) neurofeedback in three regions of training (ROTs), namely, the anterior cingulate gyrus (AC) and right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (RPFC and LPFC respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted with 14 nonclinical students with a mean age of 22. We utilized electrophysiological measurements and subtests of the WAIS-III for premeasures and postmeasures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data indicate that the AC shares a significant association with the RPFC and LPFC; however, each of the ROTs exhibits different cortical effects in all frequencies when trained exclusively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LORETA neurofeedback (LNFB) appears to enhance the functioning and strengthening of networks of cortical units physiologically related to each ROT; moreover, significant changes are mapped for each frequency domain, showing the associations within this possible attentional network.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research and Neuropsychology Laboratory Department of Psychology, Suite 312 Austin Peay Bldg, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. rcannon2@utk.edu
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Congedo
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lubar
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hutchens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult