title: Effect of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on tensile strength of human enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents (CPG) containing fluoride (CF) or calcium (CCa) on the ultimate tensile strength of enamel (UTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A "cube-like" resin composite structure was built-up on the occlusal surface of twenty-two sound third molars to facilitate specimen preparation for the micro-tensile test. The restored teeth were serially sectioned in buccal-lingual direction in slices with approximate 0.7 mm thickness. Each slice was trimmed with a fine diamond bur to reduce the buccal, internal slope enamel of the cusps to a dumb-bell shape with a cross-sectional area at the "neck" of less than 0.5 mm(2). The samples were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=11). The control groups were not submitted to the bleaching regimen. Specimens were treated with 10% CPG gel or with 10% CPG formulations containing CF (0.2% and 0.5%) or CCa (0.05% and 0.2%). Bleached groups received the application of the 10% CPGs for 6 hours/day at 37 degrees C, during 14 consecutive days and were stored in artificial saliva (AS) or 100% relative humidity (RH) among each application. After bleaching, specimens were tested with the microtensile method at 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed between groups stored in AS or RH. Specimens treated with CF or CCa presented similar UTS as unbleached control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Either 10% CPG formulations containing CF or CCa can preserve the UTS after bleaching regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry - Operative Dentistry Section, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. giannini@fop.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Alessandra Peres
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Adriana Franco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paes Leme