title: Antipsychotic-induced body weight gain: predictors and a systematic categorization of the long-term weight course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the impact of premorbid and baseline body mass indices (BMIs) as well as BMI of patient's parents and associated variables on the prediction of antipsychotic-induced body weight gain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective/cross-sectional data of 65 patients receiving clozapine, olanzapine and/or risperidone were assessed according to a systematic categorization of the long-term (7.3+/-9.2 years) weight course and evaluated using descriptive, explorative correlation and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased values of parents' BMI (p=0.041) and patients' BMI at premorbid stage (p=0.039) and prior to first antipsychotic treatment (p=0.032) as well as female gender (p=0.012), younger age (p=0.005) and non-smoking (p=0.047) have the most predictive value on body weight gain under antipsychotic treatment including pre-treatment with typical antipsychotics. Weight gain under atypical antipsychotics (pre-treatment excluded) is predicted by an increased premorbid BMI (p=0.019). Conversely, a low BMI prior to first antipsychotic treatment predicts a higher acceleration of BMI change (p=0.008) in vulnerable individuals, but not total BMI change itself. Furthermore, a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder showed a trend towards the prediction of an increased atypical DeltaBMI (p=0.067), possibly due to a longer treatment duration with atypical antipsychotics (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates increased parents' BMI and patients' premorbid BMI, female gender, younger age and - as a trend - the diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder to be predictors for antipsychotic-induced body weight gain involving atypical antipsychotics. Data contribute to the assumption of a strong impact of predispositional factors on weight gain, besides treatment-related factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D-35033 Marburg, Germany. Stefan.Gebhardt@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberhausen
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinzel-Gutenbrunner
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remschmidt
authors.forename: Jürgen-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebebrand
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Theisen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010290:Parents; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine