title: Antiinflammatory effects of etoricoxib alone and combined with NSAIDs in LPS-induced reactive arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs constitute the primary therapeutic approach in reactive arthritis. Here, we compared etoricoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, with other cyclooxygenase inhibitors on articular incapacitation, edema, leukocyte migration, and gastric damage, in a model of LPS-induced reactive arthritis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  E. coli Lipopolysaccharide was injected into a carrageenan-primed knee-joint of rats. The effects of etoricoxib, piroxicam, indomethacin, as well the combination of etoricoxib either with piroxicam or indomethacin, were evaluated on articular incapacitation and edema. Afterwards, the synovial leukocyte ontent and the stomach bleeding points were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etoricoxib, piroxicam, and indomethacin dose-dependently inhibited incapacitation and edema. However, only etoricoxib inhibited both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration. Piroxicam inhibited only mononuclear migration, while indomethacin even increased polymorphonuclear content in inflamed synovia. Associating etoricoxib with either subeffective doses of piroxicam or indomethacin did not enhance the hyponociceptive or the antiedematogenic effect, but prevented the anti-leukocyte migration effect and increased gastric damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that the selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib could be a better option than non-selective COX inhibitors, since it presented a potent inhibitory effect on the clinical signals and also a potent inhibition on cell migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tonussi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000276:immunology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011725:Pyridines; D013450:Sulfones; D010894:Piroxicam; D002351:Carrageenan; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D007213:Indomethacin