title: The secretogranin II-derived peptide secretoneurin stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion from gonadotrophs.
abstract: Secretoneurin (SN) is a 33- to 34-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin-II, a member of the chromogranin family. We previously synthesized a putative goldfish (gf) SN and demonstrated its ability to stimulate LH release in vivo. However, it was not known whether goldfish actually produced the free SN peptide or whether SN directly stimulates LH release from isolated pituitary cells. Using a combination of reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, we isolated for the first time a 34-amino acid free gfSN peptide from the whole brain. Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated the existence of this peptide in goldfish pituitary. Immunocytochemical localization studies revealed the presence of SN immunoreactivity in prolactin cells of rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary. Additionally, we found that magnocellular cells of the goldfish preoptic region are highly immunoreactive for SN. These neurons send heavily labeled projections that pass through the pituitary stalk and innervate the neurointermediate and anterior lobes. In static 12-h incubation of dispersed pituitary cells, application of SN antiserum reduced LH levels, whereas 1 and 10 nM gfSN, respectively, induced 2.5-fold (P < 0.001) and 1.9-fold (P < 0.01) increments of LH release into the medium, increases similar to those elicited by 100 nM concentrations of GnRH. Like GnRH, gfSN elevated intracellular Ca(2+) in identified gonadotrophs. Whereas we do not yet know the relative contribution of neural SN or pituitary SN to LH release, we propose that SN could act as a neuroendocrine and/or paracrine factor to regulate LH release from the anterior pituitary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.forename: A O L
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Canosa
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Somoza
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Trudeau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism; D052681:Gonadotrophs / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D053381:Secretogranin II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055571:Secretory Pathway / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053381:Secretogranin II; C081159:secretoneurin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D002118:Calcium