title: Video as an effective method to deliver pretest information for rapid human immunodeficiency testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Video-based delivery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pretest information might assist in streamlining HIV screening and testing efforts in the emergency department (ED). The objectives of this study were to determine if the video "Do you know about rapid HIV testing?" is an acceptable alternative to an in-person information session on rapid HIV pretest information, in regard to comprehension of rapid HIV pretest fundamentals, and to identify patients who might have difficulties in comprehending pretest information.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a noninferiority trial of 574 participants in an ED opt-in rapid HIV screening program who were randomly assigned to receive identical pretest information from either an animated and live-action 9.5-minute video or an in-person information session. Pretest information comprehension was assessed using a questionnaire. The video would be accepted as not inferior to the in-person information session if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference (Delta) in mean scores on the questionnaire between the two information groups was less than a 10% decrease in the in-person information session arm's mean score. Linear regression models were constructed to identify patients with lower mean scores based upon study arm assignment, demographic characteristics, and history of prior HIV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire mean scores were 20.1 (95% CI = 19.7 to 20.5) for the video arm and 20.8 (95% CI = 20.4 to 21.2) for the in-person information session arm. The difference in mean scores compared to the mean score for the in-person information session met the noninferiority criterion for this investigation (Delta = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.26). In a multivariable linear regression model, Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics, and those with Medicare and Medicaid insurance exhibited slightly lower mean scores, regardless of the pretest information delivery format. There was a strong relationship between fewer years of formal education and lower mean scores on the questionnaire. Age, gender, type of insurance, partner/marital status, and history of prior HIV testing were not predictive of scores on the questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of patient comprehension of rapid HIV pretest information fundamentals, the video was an acceptable substitute to pretest information delivered by an HIV test counselor. Both the video and the in-person information session were less effective in providing pretest information for patients with fewer years of formal education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. rmerchant@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Roland C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Seage Iii
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: DeGruttola
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult