title: Expression of angiogenesis-related genes regulates different steps in the process of tumor growth and metastasis in human urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the relative activity of angiogenesis-related genes in the regulation of tumorigenicity and subsequent metastases of urothelial cell carcinomas (UC) of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected the clones with the highest and lowest expression level of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor or interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the highly tumorigenic and metastatic human UC cell line 253J B-V. Tumorigenicity and production of spontaneous lymph node metastases were evaluated 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after orthotopic implantation of each specific expression clone into the urinary bladder of athymic nude mice. Moreover, the transitional changes in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and neovascularization were determined in tumors and metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the early stage of tumor growth following orthotopic implantation, tumorigenicity and metastases were significantly increased in the clones with the highest expression of bFGF and IL-8, while they were significantly inhibited in the clones with the lowest expression of bFGF and IL-8 compared to parental 253J B-V. In the tumors, specific expression of angiogenesis-related genes and intratumor neovascularity of each clone were gradually regulated to the same level as parental 253J B-V. In metastasized tumors of the highest and lowest IL-8-expressing clones, IL-8 expression was consistently high and low, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that at the early stage of tumor growth, bFGF and IL-8 expression play important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and subsequent metastases of human bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000556:secondary*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2