title: St. John's wort and Kava in treating major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the first randomised controlled trial (RCT) using a combination of St. John's wort (SJW) and Kava for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight adults with MDD and co-occurring anxiety were recruited for a double-blind RCT. After a placebo run-in of 2 weeks, the trial had a crossover design testing SJW and Kava against placebo over two controlled phases, each of 4 weeks. The primary analyses used intention-to-treat and completer analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On both intention-to-treat (p = 0.047) and completer analyses (p = 0.003), SJW and Kava gave a significantly greater reduction in self-reported depression on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) over placebo in the first controlled phase. However, in the crossover phase, a replication of those effects in the delayed medication group did not occur. Nor were there significant effects on anxiety or quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was some evidence of antidepressant effects using SJW and Kava in a small sample with comorbid anxiety. Possible explanations for the absence of anxiolysis may include a potential interaction with SJW, the presence of depression, or an inadequate dose of Kava.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia. j.sarris@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarris
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deed
authors.forename: Kerry M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D020901:Kava / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts