title: Chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 and cardiovascular disease in the veterans affairs population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular complications are common in patients with chronic kidney disease in the general population. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and prognosis of CKD stages 3-5 in the veterans affairs (VA) population, which is sicker with more co-morbid conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-controlled study of 6,432 men the associations of risk factors with CKD and its risk of mortality were estimated using, primarily, logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1,045 (16.2%) patients with CKD stages 3-5 were older (72 +/- 10 vs. 59 +/- 13 years, P < 0.0001) with more hypertension (53.6 vs. 39.6%, P < 0.0001), diabetes (24.9 vs. 19.8%, P < 0.0002), and CVD (35.3 vs. 17.8%, P < 0.0001) at baseline. Age > or =65 years (odds ratio [95% CI]) (4.95 [4.22-5.82]), hypertension (1.56 [1.34-1.79]), diabetes mellitus (1.21 [1.03-1.43]), CVD (1.71 [1.47-2.00]), and White not Hispanic (1.57 [1.32-1.85]) were independently associated with CKD. The prevalence of CVD at baseline increased with decreasing renal function. Old age (1.98 [1.66-2.35]), CKD (1.94 [1.61-2.33], CVD (1.46 [1.23-1.74]) and tobacco use (1.91 [1.05-3.47]) were independently associated with the 750 (11.7%) deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among veterans, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and CKD are highly prevalent. CKD is associated with increased risk of baseline CVD and follow-up mortality.
authors.affiliation: Renal and Transplantation Unit, St. Georges Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Debasish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaraba
authors.forename: Decio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Candido
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pezon
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De La Rosa
authors.forename: Nuripama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vemuri
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cherla
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nahar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*