title: Concurrence of klinefelter syndrome with hypospadias and chordee in identical twins: a rare presentation.
abstract: Klinefelter syndrome (KFS), is the most common disorder of the sex chromosomes, affecting 1/1000 male births, and presents with underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, infertility, and increased urinary excretion of gonadotropin. External genitourinary malformations in KFS are not common, except for small testes. We present identical twins with a 47XXY karyotype and discordant hypospadias and concomitant chordee. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association. The diverse possible etiologies explaining the relationship between the presenting congenital defects in identical twins are discussed. We believe that 1 known genetic malformation such as KFS warrants additional urologic assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.forename: Shadi Abdar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Esfahani
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aghdam
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D035583:Rare Diseases; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods