title: Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures.
abstract: The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-1 dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences.
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Sally S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Lily T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Basden
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Erin P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stanko
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: fenton.suzanne@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fenton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005865:Gestational Age; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid