Profound, prelingual nonsyndromic deafness maps to chromosome 10q21 and is caused by a novel missense mutation in the Usher syndrome type IF gene PCDH15.
We studied a consanguineous family (Family A) from the island of Newfoundland with an autosomal recessive form of prelingual, profound, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. A genome-wide scan mapped the deafness trait to 10q21-22 (max LOD score of 4.0; D10S196) and fine mapping revealed a 16 Mb ancestral haplotype in deaf relatives. The PCDH15 gene was mapped within the critical region and was an interesting candidate because truncating mutations cause Usher syndrome type IF (USH1F) and two missense mutations have been previously associated with isolated deafness (DFNB23). Sequencing of the PCDH15 gene revealed 33 sequencing variants. Three of these variants were homozygous exclusively in deaf siblings but only one of them was not seen in ethnically matched controls. This novel c.1583 T>A transversion predicts an amino-acid substitution of a valine with an aspartic acid at codon 528 (V528D). Like the two DFNB23 mutations, the V528D mutation in Family A occurs in a highly conserved extracellular cadherin (EC) domain of PCDH15 and is predicted to be more deleterious than the previously identified DFNB23 missense mutations (R134G and G262D). Physical assessment, vestibular and visual function testing in deaf adults ruled out syndromic deafness because of Usher syndrome. This study validates the DFNB23 designation and supports the hypothesis that missense mutations in conserved motifs of PCDH15 cause nonsyndromic hearing loss. This emerging genotype-phenotype correlation in USH1F is similar to that in several other USH1 genes and cautions against a prognosis of a dual sensory loss in deaf children found to be homozygous for hypomorphic mutations at the USH1F locus.
Doucette
Lance
L
Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Merner
Nancy D
ND
Cooke
Sandra
S
Ives
Elizabeth
E
Galutira
Dante
D
Walsh
Vanessa
V
Walsh
Tom
T
MacLaren
Linda
L
Cater
Tracey
T
Fernandez
Bridget
B
Green
Jane S
JS
Wilcox
Edward R
ER
Shotland
Lawrence I
LI
Shotland
Larry
L
Li
Xiaoyan Cindy
XC
Li
X C
XC
Lee
Ming
M
King
Mary-Claire
MC
Young
Terry-Lynn
TL
D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001483:Base Sequence; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003638:Deafness / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D010375:Pedigree
C498835:CDHR15, human; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins