title: Thrombolysis during resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 70% of persons who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have underlying acute myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism. Therefore, thrombolysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may improve survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, multicenter trial, we randomly assigned adult patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to receive tenecteplase or placebo during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Adjunctive heparin or aspirin was not used. The primary end point was 30-day survival; the secondary end points were hospital admission, return of spontaneous circulation, 24-hour survival, survival to hospital discharge, and neurologic outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After blinded review of data from the first 443 patients, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of enrollment of asystolic patients because of low survival, and the protocol was amended. Subsequently, the trial was terminated prematurely for futility after enrolling a total of 1050 patients. Tenecteplase was administered to 525 patients and placebo to 525 patients; the two treatment groups had similar clinical profiles. We did not detect any significant differences between tenecteplase and placebo in the primary end point of 30-day survival (14.7% vs. 17.0%; P=0.36; relative risk, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.15) or in the secondary end points of hospital admission (53.5% vs. 55.0%, P=0.67), return of spontaneous circulation (55.0% vs. 54.6%, P=0.96), 24-hour survival (30.6% vs. 33.3%, P=0.39), survival to hospital discharge (15.1% vs. 17.5%, P=0.33), or neurologic outcome (P=0.69). There were more intracranial hemorrhages in the tenecteplase group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When tenecteplase was used without adjunctive antithrombotic therapy during advanced life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we did not detect an improvement in outcome, in comparison with placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00157261.)
authors.affiliation: University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. bernd.boettiger@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Bernd W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Böttiger
authors.forename: Hans-Richard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Arntz
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bluhmki
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belmans
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Danays
authors.forename: Pierre A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Adgey
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wenzel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077785:Tenecteplase; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000077785:Tenecteplase