title: Raloxifene use in clinical practice: efficacy and safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, we provide an interdisciplinary concise review of the effects of raloxifene on breast, bone, and reproductive organs, as well as the adverse events that may be associated with its use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raloxifene has been shown to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (PMW) with low bone mass and prevent vertebral fractures in those with osteoporosis/low bone mass; it has not been shown to reduce the risk of nonvertebral fractures. Raloxifene reduces the risk of invasive breast cancer in PMW with osteoporosis or at high risk of breast cancer. The risk of venous thromboembolism has been consistently shown to be increased with raloxifene, so it should not be used in women at high risk of venous thromboembolism. Although raloxifene does not increase, nor decrease, the risk of coronary or stroke events overall, in the raloxifene trial of PMW at increased risk of coronary events, the incidence of fatal stroke was higher in women assigned raloxifene versus placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on its approved indications, it is appropriate to prescribe raloxifene to prevent or treat osteoporosis, as well as to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer in PMW with osteoporosis or at high risk of breast cancer. Women at increased risk of both fracture and invasive breast cancer are those most likely to receive a dual benefit with raloxifene. Decision making must involve the incorporation of the woman's personal feelings about the risks and benefits of raloxifene therapy, balanced with her interest in reducing risk of fractures and breast cancer through pharmacological intervention.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. steven.goldstein@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Claire S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Duvernoy
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calaf
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mershon
authors.forename: Sherie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dowsett
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agnusdei
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stuenkel
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride