title: Late complications of high-dose (>/=66 Gy) thoracic conformal radiation therapy in combined modality trials in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined modality treatment is the standard of care for patients (pts) with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Dose escalation of radiotherapy is one strategy used to improve locoregional control and survival, but it increases the risk of both early and late treatment related toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1996 to August 2004, a total of 112 stage III non-small cell lung cancer pts were treated on 4 phase I/II or phase II trials to assess the safety and feasibility of high-dose (60-90 Gy) thoracic conformal radiotherapy. Patients who received >/=66 Gy (n = 88) were included in an analysis of late complications. Late complications were defined as complications that developed or persisted >/=90 days postradiotherapy. The classic lung toxicities of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis were not included in this analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 88 patients included in this analysis of late complications, 21 patients (24%) developed a late complication and a total of 28 late complications were observed. The late complications were: pulmonary (n = 5; bronchial stenosis [n = 3] and fatal pulmonary hemoptysis [n = 2]), esophageal (n = 6), cardiac (n = 9), osseous (n = 6), and second primary tumor (n = 2). The median survival for all patients enrolled on the 4 trials (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 24.7 months (18.1-30.4 months), and the 5-year overall survival (with 95% CI) was 24% (16-32%). Data to assess for radiographic evidence of local progression were available for 99 patients, and the rate of local progression was 43% (95% CI 34-53%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose thoracic conformal radiotherapy is feasible and results in promising survival outcomes. Late complications occur in a minority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. clee@unch.unc.edu
authors.forename: Carrie B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stinchcombe
authors.forename: Dominic T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: D Neil
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.forename: Julian G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosenman
authors.forename: M Patricia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Socinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel