title: Phonon-mediated tunneling into graphene.
abstract: Recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments on graphene reported an unexpected gap of about +/-60 meV around the Fermi level [V. W. Brar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 122102 (2007); 10.1063/1.2771084Y. Zhang, Nature Phys. 4, 627 (2008)10.1038/nphys1022]. Here we give a theoretical investigation explaining the experimentally observed spectra and confirming the phonon-mediated tunneling as the reason for the gap: We study the real space properties of the wave functions involved in the tunneling process by means of ab initio theory and present a model for the electron-phonon interaction, which couples the graphene's Dirac electrons with quasifree-electron states at the Brillouin zone center. The self-energy associated with this electron-phonon interaction is calculated, and its effects on tunneling into graphene are discussed. Good agreement of the tunneling density of states within our model and the experimental dI/dU spectra is found.
authors.affiliation: I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Wehling
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grigorenko
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Balatsky