title: Does race affect postoperative outcomes in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who undergo radical prostatectomy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the magnitude of racial disparities in prostate cancer outcomes following radical prostatectomy for low-risk prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our database of 2407 patients who under went radical prostatectomy and isolated 2 cohorts of patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Cohort 1 was defined using liberal criteria, and cohort 2 was isolated using more stringent criteria. We then studied pre- and postoperative parameters to discern any racial differences in these 2 groups. Statistical analyses, including log-rank, chi(2), and Fisher's exact analyses, were used to ascertain the significance of such differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, no significant differences were found between the white and African-American patients with regard to age at diagnosis, mean prostate-specific antigen, median follow-up, or percentage of involved cores on prostate biopsy. African-American patients in cohort 1 had a greater mean body mass index than did white patients (26.9 vs 27.8, P = .026). The analysis of postoperative data demonstrated no significant difference between white and African-American patients in the risk of biochemical failure, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins, tumor volume, or risk of disease upgrading. African-American patients in cohort 2 demonstrated greater all-cause mortality compared with their white counterparts (9.4% vs 3.1%, P = .027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with low-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy, there exist no significant differences in surrogate measures of disease control, risk of disease upgrading, estimated tumor volume, or recurrence-free survival between whites and African-Americans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Matthew.Resnick@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guzzo
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergey
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sonnad
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People