title: Protein kinase Cmu plays an essential role in hypertonicity-induced heat shock protein 70 expression.
abstract: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which evidences important functions as a molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic molecule, is substantially induced in cells exposed to a variety of stresses, including hypertonic stress, heavy metals, heat shock, and oxidative stress, and prevents cellular damage under these conditions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of HSP70 in response to hypertonicity has been characterized to a far lesser extent. In this study, we have investigated the cellular signaling pathway of HSP70 induction under hypertonic conditions. Initially, we applied a variety of kinase inhibitors to NIH3T3 cells that had been exposed to hypertonicity. The induction of HSP70 was suppressed specifically by treatment with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (Gö6976 and GF109203X). As hypertonicity dramatically increased the phosphorylation of PKCmu, we then evaluated the role of PKCmu in hypertonicity-induced HSP70 expression and cell viability. The depletion of PKCmu with siRNA or the inhibition of PKCmu activity with inhibitors resulted in a reduction in HSP70 induction and cell viability. Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), a transcription factor for hypertonicity-induced HSP70 expression, was translocated rapidly into the nucleus and was modified gradually in the nucleus under hypertonic conditions. When we administered treatment with PKC inhibitors, the mobility shift of TonEBP was affected in the nucleus. However, PKCmu evidenced no subcellular co-localization with TonEBP during hypertonic exposure. From our results, we have concluded that PKCmu performs a critical function in hypertonicity-induced HSP70 induction, and finally cellular protection, via the indirect regulation of TonEBP modification.
authors.affiliation: ILCHUN Genomic Medicine Institute and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jae Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tai Qin
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jeong Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D005419:Flavonoids; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008301:Maleimides; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D013449:Sulfonamides; C081021:Go 6976; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one