title: A protein kinase Cdelta-dependent protein kinase D pathway modulates ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation and Bim-associated apoptosis by asbestos.
abstract: Inhalation of asbestos and oxidant-generating pollutants causes injury and compensatory proliferation of lung epithelium, but the signaling mechanisms that lead to these responses are unclear. We hypothesized that a protein kinase (PK)Cdelta-dependent PKD pathway was able to regulate downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases, affecting pro- and anti-apoptotic responses to asbestos. Elevated levels of phosphorylated PKD (p-PKD) were observed in distal bronchiolar epithelial cells of mice inhaling asbestos. In contrast, PKCdelta-/- mice showed significantly lower levels of p-PKD in lung homogenates and in situ after asbestos inhalation. In a murine lung epithelial cell line, asbestos caused significant increases in the phosphorylation of PKCdelta-dependent PKD, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2/c-Jun that occurred with decreases in the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein, Bim. Silencing of PKCdelta, PKD, and use of small molecule inhibitors linked the ERK1/2 pathway to the prevention of Bim-associated apoptosis as well as the JNK1/2/c-Jun pathway to the induction of apoptosis. Our studies are the first to show that asbestos induces PKD phosphorylation in lung epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. PKCdelta-dependent PKD phosphorylation by asbestos is causally linked to a cellular pathway that involves the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, which play opposing roles in the apoptotic response induced by asbestos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Sylke A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Buder-Hoffmann
authors.forename: Arti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Trisha F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Maximilian B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lounsbury
authors.forename: Brooke T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Mossman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity*; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D015153:Blotting, Western; D055745:Bronchioles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D001194:Asbestos; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4