title: High-resolution three-dimensional extracellular recording of neuronal activity with microfabricated electrode arrays.
abstract: Microelectrode array recordings of neuronal activity present significant opportunities for studying the brain with single-cell and spike-time precision. However, challenges in device manufacturing constrain dense multisite recordings to two spatial dimensions, whereas access to the three-dimensional (3D) structure of many brain regions appears to remain a challenge. To overcome this limitation, we present two novel recording modalities of silicon-based devices aimed at establishing 3D functionality. First, we fabricated a dual-side electrode array by patterning recording sites on both the front and back of an implantable microstructure. We found that the majority of single-unit spikes could not be simultaneously detected from both sides, suggesting that in addition to providing higher spatial resolution measurements than that of single-side devices, dual-side arrays also lead to increased recording yield. Second, we obtained recordings along three principal directions with a multilayer array and demonstrated 3D spike source localization within the enclosed measurement space. The large-scale integration of such dual-side and multilayer arrays is expected to provide massively parallel recording capabilities in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ingmar H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Riedel-Kruse
authors.forename: Janna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Roukes
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: Sotiris C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Masmanidis
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D031301:Robinia