title: Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) gene in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has recently been implicated as an endogenous regulator of cellular proliferation and inflammation. Impaired expression of PPAR-gamma in colonic epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis (UC) and increased expression in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease (CD) have been reported. Furthermore, PPAR-gamma ligands have been shown to inhibit tissue injury associated with immune activation in UC. Any mutation in PPAR-gamma gene may be responsible for the increase in inflammatory mediators and hence the perpetuation of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. One common polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene is proline to alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) which results from a CCA to GCA missense substitution in codon 12 of exon 2 of the PPAR-gamma gene. In this study, we aimed to explore Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene in IBD in Turkish patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  69 patients with CD, 45 with UC and 100 controls of similar age and sex were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes and mutagenically separated-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to determine the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no significant differences in the frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma gene among subjects with CD, UC and controls (15.9%, 15.5% and 13%, respectively, p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma gene relates neither to the risk of the development of inflammatory bowel disease nor to the clinical subtypes of CD in the Turkish population.
authors.affiliation: Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Istambul, Turkey. ozlenatug@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ozlen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atug
authors.forename: Veysel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tahan
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiftikci
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imeryuz
authors.forename: Hulya Over
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hamzaoglu
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tozun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine