title: Social communication competence and functional adaptation in a general population of children: preliminary evidence for sex-by-verbal IQ differential risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proportion of schoolchildren with mild social communicative deficits far exceeds the number diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to ascertain both the population distribution of such deficits and their association with functional adaptation and cognitive ability in middle childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The parent-report Social and Communication Disorders Checklist was administered to participants (n = 8,094) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We correlated impairment severity with independent clinical diagnoses of ASD, cognitive abilities, and teacher-rated maladaptive behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social and Communication Disorders Checklist scores were continuously distributed in the general population; boys had mean scores 30% higher than girls. Social communicative deficits were associated with functional impairment at school, especially in domains of hyperactivity and conduct disorders. A sex-by-verbal IQ interaction effect occurred: verbal IQ was protective against social communication impairments across the range of abilities in female subjects only. In male subjects, this protective effect did not exist for those with above-average verbal IQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social communicative deficits are of prognostic significance, in terms of behavioral adjustment at school, for boys and girls. Their high general population prevalence emphasizes the importance of measuring such traits among clinically referred children who do not meet diagnostic ASD criteria. Above-average verbal IQ seems to confer protection against social communication impairments in female subjects but not in male subjects.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. dskuse@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Skuse
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mandy
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steer
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; D003071:Cognition; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult