title: Parent-child reading interactions among English and English as a second language speakers in an underserved pediatric clinic in Hawai'i.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare reading patterns between English-speaking and English as a Second Language (ESL) families in a health care setting in Hawai'i.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed at an underserved pediatric primary care clinic in Hawai'i. Caregivers of patients between the ages of 6 months to 5 years were asked questions regarding demographics and parent-child reading interactions. Respondents were categorized into English-speaking or ESL groups based on primary language spoken at home. Pearson chi2 tests and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare demographic differences, reading frequency, and reading attitudes between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred three respondents completed the survey Fifty percent were ESL. All ESL respondents were of Asian-Pacific Islander (API) or mixed Asian ethnicity. All Caucasians in the study (n = 9) were in the English-speaking group. Between the English-speaking (n = 52) and ESL (n = 51) groups, there were no significant statistical differences in age or gender of the child, reading attitudes, or parent's educational status. Parents in the ESL group read to their children significantly fewer days per week than their English-speaking counterparts, had significantly fewer books in the home, and lived significantly fewer years in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that API immigrant families share similar attitudes about reading as English-speaking families in Hawai'i but have significantly fewer books in their household and read significantly less frequently Physicians working with API populations should be aware that immigrant children may have fewer reading interactions and should counsel parents on the importance of reading daily.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
authors.forename: Kristyn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kitabayashi
authors.forename: Gary Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Katy R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Linskey
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirga
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bane-Terakubo
authors.forename: Meta T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D019303:Multilingualism; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011932:Reading