title: Serum phosphate levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: a double-edged sword.
abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum phosphate levels and cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome components in a cross-sectional survey. Plasma phosphate was measured by immunoturbidimetry in 46,798 subjects over 20 years of age with an estimated GFR>or=60 mL/(min 1.73 m(2)) who participated in a health-check survey at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in South Korea. The median plasma phosphate level was 3.49+/-0.44 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 77.46+/-8.51 mL/(min 1.73 m(2)). We found that serum phosphate levels had a positive correlation with total cholesterol, HDL-C, lipoprotein a, apolipoprotein A1, calcium, and albumin. In addition, serum phosphate levels had a negative correlation with age, body mass index, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HS-CRP, triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference (P<0.001). In conclusion, we found that a high phosphate level is correlated with cardiovascular disease while a lower phosphate level is correlated with metabolic syndrome. Serum phosphate levels that were too high or too low correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and elements of metabolic syndrome, respectively, showing that it may be important to maintain an appropriate level of phosphate for the prevention of cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bum Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Byung Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Man Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Roe
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Won Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheol Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D010710:Phosphates; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D002118:Calcium