title: Failure of antithrombotic therapy and risk of stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine if patients with intracranial stenosis who have a transient ischemic attack or stroke on antithrombotic therapy are at particularly high risk for recurrent stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared baseline features and the rates of stroke or vascular death and stroke in the territory of the symptomatic artery between patients ON (n=299) versus OFF (n=269) antithrombotics at the time of their qualifying event for the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analyses, there was no difference in the rates of stroke or vascular death (21% versus 23%; hazard ratio [ON/OFF], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.29; P=0.59) or stroke in territory (13% versus 14%; hazard ratio [ON/OFF], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.39; P=0.61) between patients ON versus OFF antithrombotics at the time of their qualifying event. A multivariable analysis adjusted for the difference in risk factors between patients ON and OFF antithrombotic therapy also showed no significant differences in the combined end point of stroke or vascular death (hazard ratio [ON/OFF], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.34; P=0.51) or stroke in territory (hazard ratio [ON/OFF], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.77; P=0.97) between patients ON versus OFF antithrombotic therapy at the time of the qualifying event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with intracranial stenosis who fail antithrombotic therapy are not at higher risk of stroke than those who do not fail antithrombotic therapy. Given our finding that patients ON and OFF antithrombotic therapy are both at high risk for stroke in the territory, intracranial stenting trials should not be limited to just those who fail antithrombotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. turan@musc.edu
authors.forename: Tanya N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maidan
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cotsonis
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Marc I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chimowitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin