title: Proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools and adolescent obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between fast-food restaurants near schools and obesity among middle and high school students in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used geocoded data (obtained from the 2002-2005 California Healthy Kids Survey) on over 500,000 youths and multivariate regression models to estimate associations between adolescent obesity and proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that students with fast-food restaurants near (within one half mile of) their schools (1) consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables, (2) consumed more servings of soda, and (3) were more likely to be overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.10) or obese (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.12) than were youths whose schools were not near fast-food restaurants, after we controlled for student- and school-level characteristics. The result was unique to eating at fast-food restaurants (compared with other nearby establishments) and was not observed for another risky behavior (smoking).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to poor-quality food environments has important effects on adolescent eating patterns and overweight. Policy interventions limiting the proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools could help reduce adolescent obesity.
authors.affiliation: School of Business and Management, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA. marketing_department@baylor.edu
authors.forename: Brennan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology