title: Screening of biomineralization using microfluidics.
abstract: Biomineralization is the process where biological systems produce well-defined composite structures such as shell, teeth, and bones. Currently, there is substantial momentum to investigate the processes implicated in biomineralization and to unravel the complex roles of proteins in the control of polymorph switching. An understanding of these processes may have wide-ranging significance in health care applications and in the development of advanced materials. We have demonstrated a microfluidic approach toward these challenges. A reversibly sealed T-junction microfluidic device was fabricated to investigate the influence of extrapallial (EP) fluid proteins in polymorph control of crystal formation in mollusk shells. A range of conditions were investigated on chip, allowing fast screening of various combinations of ion, pH, and protein concentrations. The dynamic formation of crystals was monitored on chip and combined with in situ Raman to reveal the polymorph in real time. To this end, we have demonstrated the unique advantages of this integrated approach in understanding the processes involved in biomineralization and revealing information that is impossible to obtain using traditional methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK. hy@elec.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Huabing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Bozhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Phillip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: Khedidja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mosbahi
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glidle
authors.forename: Nikolaj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gadegaard
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freer
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cusack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; C005686:sodium carbonate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002122:Calcium Chloride