title: Avicenna, the first to describe thyroid-related orbitopathy.
abstract: The history of the association of goiter and orbital disease is discussed. Although Graves and Basedow are credited with the first descriptions of this association, it was described many years earlier between AD 1000 and 1110 by two Persian physicians and philosophers, Avicenna and Al-Jurjani.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (M.C.) , Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nabipour
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Muhammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moharreri
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000150:complications; D006042:Goiter / Q000150:complications; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000266:history*; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D019071:Persia