title: Pregnancy losses in young Australian women: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little research has examined recognized pregnancy losses in a general population. Data from an Australian cohort study provide an opportunity to quantify this aspect of fecundity at a population level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who were aged 28-33 years in 2006 (n = 9,145) completed up to 4 mailed surveys over 10 years. Participants were categorized according to the recognized outcome of their pregnancies, including live birth, miscarriage/stillbirth, termination/ectopic, or no pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At age 18-23, more women reported terminations (7%) than miscarriages (4%). By 28-33 years, the cumulative frequency of miscarriage (15%) was as common as termination (16%). For women aged 28-33 years who had ever been pregnant (n = 5,343), pregnancy outcomes were as follows: birth only (50%); loss only (18%); and birth and loss (32%), of which half (16%) were birth and miscarriage. A comparison between first miscarriage and first birth (no miscarriage) showed that most first miscarriages occurred in women aged 18-23 years who also reported a first birth at the same survey (15%). Half (51%) of all first births and first miscarriages in women aged 18-19 ended in miscarriage. Early childbearers (<28 years) often had miscarriages around the same time period as their first live birth, suggesting proactive family formation. Delayed childbearers (32-33 years) had more first births than first miscarriages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognized pregnancy losses are an important measure of fecundity in the general population because they indicate successful conception and maintenance of pregnancy to varying reproductive endpoints.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Brisbane, Australia. d.herbert1@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucke
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobson
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult