title: Field anesthesia of golden jackals (Canis aureus) with the use of medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-midazolam with atipamezole reversal.
abstract: Twenty-two free-ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus) were immobilized with a combination of 113 +/- 24 microg/kg medetomidine and 2.1 +/- 0.3 mg/kg ketamine (M-K) or 88 +/- 16 microg/kg medetomidine and 0.47 +/- 0.08 mg/ kg midazolam (M-M) by i.m. injection. Induction and recovery times were recorded. Pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and oxygen saturation were measured. Anesthesia depth indicators were observed. There was no significant difference between the M-K and the M-M groups regarding induction time (6:14 +/- 1:45 and 7:16 +/- 2:09 min, respectively). Both combinations provided safe and effective immobilization for at least 20-30 min. Pulse rate was significantly higher in the M-K group. There was no significant difference in any other objective or subjective parameter. Following administration of atipamezole at five times the dose of medetomidine given, there was a significant difference between the two combinations in recovery time; M-K jackals were standing within 3:42 +/- 2:17 min and M-M jackals within 8:47 +/- 4:32 min. Neither of the combinations caused rough or prolonged recovery. Subjectively, the M-M group had smoother and less ataxic recovery.
authors.affiliation: Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Science an Conservation Division 3, Am Ve'Olamo Street, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Roi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lapid
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bdolah-Abram
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shilo
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D046030:Jackals / Q000502:physiology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D007649:Ketamine; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam