title: Indexes of surgical quality in gastric cancer surgery: experience of an Italian network.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Short-term results of gastric cancer surgery vary remarkably worldwide, and international surgical quality criteria are urgently needed. To contribute to defining these criteria, we reviewed short-term results of gastrectomy for gastric cancer in three centers of the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer, with an average of 24.7, 29.5, and 18 gastrectomies per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1988 and 2002, 1,032 patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Verona, Siena, and Padua. D1, D2, and D3 lymphadenectomy were performed, respectively, in 228, 584, and 220 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 14 (interquartile range 9-18.75) after D1, 29 (21-38) after D2, and 46.5 (37-57) after D3. Fewer than 15 nodes were retrieved in 54.5%, 6.2%, and 1.4% of cases undergoing, respectively, D1, D2, and D3. Adjacent organ removal was rare during D1 (splenectomy: 6.1%, splenopancreasectomy: 1.8%), and quite common during D3 (11.4%, 11.4%). Forty patients (3.9%) died postoperatively. Neither postoperative morbidity nor mortality was significantly associated with extension of lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that at least D2 lymphadenectomy is necessary to achieve adequate disease staging (>or=15 nodes retrieved). Spleen and pancreas tail are more frequently removed during D3, but this removal is not associated with higher postoperative morbidity or mortality.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verlato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roviello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giacopuzzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nitti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Manzoni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult