title: Determination of extractability of pine bark using supercritical CO(2) extraction and different solvents: optimization and prediction.
abstract: Bark from Pinus brutia was extracted with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using CO(2), at various extraction conditions both at laboratory and at pilot scale. Optimized parameters were 200 bar, 60 degrees C, and 3% ethanol at a solvent/feed ratio of 30. Additionally, the pine bark was sonicated (1 h at 50 degrees C) by different solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) to investigate the correlation between the different extraction setups and to obtain information on SFE up-scaling possibilities. Analyzed by HPLC, 7.2% of (-)-catechin was extractable at laboratory scale, and 58.4% (800 bar) and 47.8% (200 bar), both with modifiers, at pilot scale. By sonication with ethanol, 46.8% of (-)-catechin and almost 100% of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin gallate were extracted. Ethyl acetate extract revealed high correlations with the laboratory scale SFE (r = 0.98) and also pilot scale SFE runs at 200 (r = 0.99) and 800 bar (r = 0.98) without modifiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. ozlem.yesil.celiktas@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yesil-Celiktas
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gruener
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parlar
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C007650:ethyl acetate