title: Trazodone improves the results of cognitive behaviour therapy of primary insomnia in non-depressed patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) of primary insomnia is frequently combined with various pharmacological treatments, including sedative antidepressants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CBT, singly and combined with trazodone pharmacotherapy, for primary insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, comparative clinical trial, at a single academic medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty outpatients (15 women, 5 men) with chronic primary insomnia were randomly assigned to CBT or CBT +100mg trazodone and treated for 8 weeks. The treatment outcome was estimated by mean changes from baseline in self-reported clinical scales, sleep continuity data and sleep architecture parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients perceived significant subjective sleep improvements. Sleep latency significantly shortened (p=0.03), sleep efficiency increased (p=0.004) and the total sleep time was significantly prolonged (p=0.006) after the CBT treatment in both groups. Sleep architecture showed that the combined approach (CBT + trazodone) resulted in a significant increase in slow wave sleep duration compared to treatment by CBT only (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT, singly and combined with the sedative antidepressant trazodone, is effective for the short-term management of chronic primary insomnia. Trazodone combined with CBT significantly increases slow wave sleep duration and this influence seems to be unrelated to its antidepressant effect.
authors.affiliation: Prague Psychiatric Center, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8 - Bohnice, Czech Republic. zavesicka@pcp.lf3.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zavesicka
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunovsky
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horacek
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matousek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sos
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krajca
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Höschl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014196:Trazodone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014196:Trazodone