title: Upregulated IL-18 expression in type 2 diabetic subjects with nephropathy: TGF-beta1 enhanced IL-18 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to clarify the importance of Interleukin (IL)-18 in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), we evaluated the expressions of IL-18 in diabetic kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immmunohistochemical analysis of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor (IL-18 R) in human kidney tissue derived from 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy, and compared with those in 7 subjects with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). In addition, we examined the regulation of IL-18 expression using human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTECs) in culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-18 expression in tubular cells was observed in higher rate (83%) in patients with diabetes, whereas one positive specimen (14.3%) for IL-18 in patients with MCNS. In contrast, IL-18 R was expressed in glomerular mesangial cells and endothelial cells as well as tubular cells, similarly in almost of both groups. Exposure to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta(1)) led to two-fold increase in IL-18 gene expression in HRPTECs, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitors abolished TGF-beta(1)-induced IL-18 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis showed the IL-18 protein in HRPTECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate that IL-18 is overexpressed in human tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy, probably through the activation of MAPK pathways induced by TGF-beta(1).
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takiyama
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honjyo
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020170:Caspase 1