Comparison between two-point and four-point methods for quantification of apparent diffusion coefficient of normal liver parenchyma and focal lesions. Value of normalization with spleen.
OBJECTIVE
To compare two quantification techniques of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), both in normal liver parenchyma and focal lesions, and to investigate any potential value of normalization.


METHODS
Fifty-six consecutive patients underwent MRI examination of the liver, including a single shot spin-echo echo planar imaging diffusion sequence with four b-values (0, 50, 500 and 1000s/mm(2)). ADC maps were reconstructed based on a two-point method (b-values: 500 and 1000s/mm(2)) and a four-point method (b-values: 0, 50, 500 and 1000s/mm(2)). Comparison of absolute ADC measurements of the liver, benign and malignant focal lesions was performed between the two- and four-point techniques. The same analysis was done on normalized ADC values (absolute ADC values divided by spleen ADC values).


RESULTS
The difference between mean two-point and four-point ADC values of normal liver (absolute: 1.237x10(-3), 1.615x10(-3)mm(2)/s, normalized: 1.40, 1.52, respectively) was statistically significant (p<0.0001 and p=0.0061). Significantly higher absolute ADC values of benign and malignant lesions were recorded with the four-point method (2.860x10(-3) and 1.307x10(-3)mm(2)/s) over the two-point method (2.243x10(-3), and 1.011x10(-3)mm(2)/s) (p<0.0001 in both) while the same differences in normalized values were proven statistically non-significant for benign lesions (p=0.788) and statistically significant for malignant lesions (p=0.015). Both differences in absolute and normalized ADC values of benign versus malignant lesions based on two- and four-point methods were found to be significant (p<0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
ADC quantification of the liver may be performed with a two-point method (b-values of 500 and 1000s/mm(2)), while normalization of ADC measurements with the spleen is not further improving lesion characterization.
Papanikolaou
Nickolas
N
Dept of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece.
Gourtsoyianni
Sofia
S
Yarmenitis
Spyros
S
Maris
Thomas
T
Gourtsoyiannis
Nicholas
N
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult