title: Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by anti-phospholipid antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnant women affected by SLE are at high risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia (32-50%). This risk is particularly elevated if aPLs are dosable. The present study was planned to evaluate maternal-fetal outcomes of different groups of SLE pregnant patients characterized by diverse risk factors: patients affected by APS treated with a combination of low-dose aspirin (LDA) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH), nulliparous patients with dosable aPL treated by LMWH and SLE patients with no aPL administered no treatment during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective description of maternal and fetal outcomes was made in a total of 62 pregnancies presenting APS in 8 cases (12.9%), aPL in 20 (32.2%) and no aPL in 34 (54.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found comparing fetal and maternal outcomes of the three groups despite differences in SLE activity: SLE aPL-positive pregnancies were associated with a higher incidence of nephritis and chronic hypertension than pregnancies treated for APS or not presenting with the added risk factor. The incidence of pre-eclampsia is 15% in aPL positive, 12.5% in APS and 14.7% in no aPL pregnancies, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LMWH is rather a possible option of prophylaxis for SLE aPL-positive pregnancies with potential maternal-fetal outcomes similar to aPL-negative patients or to standard treated APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Perinatology and Human Reproduction, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mecacci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pieralli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mangani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matucci-Cerinic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight