title: Toxicity biomarker expression in daphnids exposed to manufactured nanoparticles: changes in toxicity with functionalization.
abstract: In previous work we have shown that the toxicity of nanomaterials to Daphnia spp. differs with the type of nanoparticle either due to the core of the particle or to the way in which a particle suspension is prepared. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and antioxidant response of Daphnia pulex in relation to a change in surface functionalization of nanomaterials with the same core material, nC60. Despite the lack of acute toxicity for various nC60 suspensions up to 100 ppm concentration, there was a significant production of the toxicity biomarkers glutathione-S-transferase and catalase, at lower concentrations indicating changes in reactive oxygen species. Nanoparticle functionalization significantly affected this response. Oxidative stress markers appear to be a good predictor of potential future toxicity of nanomaterials. Functionalization alters both toxicity and oxidative stress in whole organism assays.
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA. rklaper@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klaper
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crago
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Devrah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setyowati
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D003621:Daphnia / Q000378:metabolism*; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C416673:C60 carboxyfullerene; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D037741:Fullerenes; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase