title: Specificity in Ras and Rap signaling.
abstract: Ras and Rap proteins are closely related small GTPases. Whereas Ras is known for its role in cell proliferation and survival, Rap1 is predominantly involved in cell adhesion and cell junction formation. Ras and Rap are regulated by different sets of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, determining one level of specificity. In addition, although the effector domains are highly similar, Rap and Ras interact with largely different sets of effectors, providing a second level of specificity. In this review, we discuss the regulatory proteins and effectors of Ras and Rap, with a focus on those of Rap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Raaijmakers
authors.forename: Johannes L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D015398:Signal Transduction; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000089804:Shelterin Complex; C440809:TERF2IP protein, human; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins