title: Antimycobacterial butanolides from the root of Lindera akoensis.
abstract: Three racemic butanolides, majorenolide (1), majorynolide (2), and majoranolide (3), with 18 known compounds, including ten butanolides, i.e., litsenolide A(2) (4), litsenolide B(2) (5), litsenolide C(1) (6), litsenolide C(2) (7), hamabiwalactone A (8), hamabiwalactone B (9), litseakolide A (10), litseakolide B (11), isoobtusilactone (12), and obtusilactone (13); one lignan, i.e., (+/-)-syringaresinol (14), two flavans, i.e., (+)-catechin (15), and (-)-epicatechin (16), one coumarin, i.e., scopoletin (17), and four steroids, i.e., a mixture of beta-sitosterol (18) and stigmasterol (19), and a mixture of beta-sitosteryl-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (20) and stigmasteryl-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (21) were isolated from the root of Lindera akoensis. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by in-depth spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 were previously assigned a delta-lactone structure, which was then revised to a gamma-lactone structure, based on 1D-NMR data. The cigar-HMBC technique was used to confirm the accuracy of the gamma-lactone structure, and the zero [alpha] (20)_D value of compounds 1-3 suggested that they were considerably racemized. Nine butanolides 1-3, 4-8, and 10 showed antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv, with MIC values of 15-50 microg/ml.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Su-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ming-Jen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chien-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Hsun-Shuo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ih-Sheng
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D027443:Lindera / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007783:Lactones; C062899:majorenolide