title: Monitoring stress levels in postgraduate medical training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mandates that residency Program Directors (PD) monitor resident well-being, including stress. Burnout, as a measure of work-related stress, is defined by a high degree of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low degree of personal accomplishment using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the MBI-HSS as a method of monitoring stress levels in an academic otolaryngology residency training program and introduce this survey as a tool for wider use in meeting ACGME requirements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MBI-HSS was administered to residents in an academic otolaryngology residency training program on three separate occasions: at the beginning, middle, and end of different academic years. In addition, at the time of the third administration, the MBI-HSS was completed by faculty and staff in the same department. Surveys were completed and collected anonymously. Responses were scored against normative data from the MBI-HSS overall sample and the medicine subscale. Low, average, and high levels of burnout were identified for the individual categories of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA); average levels for each category were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two residents completed the first survey, taken near the end of an academic year; 19 completed the second administration in the middle of the following academic year; and 24 completed the third survey at the beginning of the subsequent academic year. Thirteen faculty and 23 staff also completed the third survey. We found that three, one, and one residents reported high levels of burnout on the first, second, and third surveys, respectively. These figures compare to one faculty member and no staff members in the same department reporting high levels of burnout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MBI-HSS is an established and validated tool for identifying burnout in resident physicians. Residency PDs may find the MBI-HSS useful as an aid in monitoring resident well-being and stress. In our own department, we found levels of burnout comparable to those previously reported for residents and faculty in this specialty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Richard J H
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires