title: HIV-1 seroconversion promotes rapid changes in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV-16 antibodies in female sex workers.
abstract: The extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection impacts on the ability to mount an effective immune response to HPV is unknown, but is relevant in planning HPV vaccine strategies for HIV-1 infected individuals. This longitudinal study investigated changes shortly after HIV-1 seroconversion on cervical HPV types and HPV-16 antibody responses in serum and at the cervix of female sex workers. Typing of HPV DNA from cervical cells was done prior to HIV-1 seroconversion and within 1 year and greater than 2 years after HIV-1 seroconversion. Antibody determinations on serum and cervico-vaginal rinse samples were by HPV-16 virus-like particle-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 104 women tested, 40 (38.4%) became HIV-1 seropositive (HIV-positive) during the course of the study. Shortly after HIV-1 seroconversion a significant increase in multiple (>1) HPV infection (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-11.9) was observed compared with HIV-1 seronegative (HIV-negative) women and certain changes in HPV type infection. HIV-1 seroconversion resulted in a reduced prevalence of serum HPV-16 IgA and cervico-vaginal IgA and IgG but an increased prevalence of serum HPV-16 IgG. All HIV-positive women had been exposed to HPV-16 as all displayed serum HPV-16 IgG. Serum HPV-16 responses were maintained at a high magnitude in the presence of HPV-16 infection irrespective of HIV infection, but decreased in the absence of HPV-16 infection. In conclusion, HIV-1 seroconversion in sex workers rapidly increased cervical HPV infection and caused a reduced ability to produce cervical HPV-16 antibodies but a continued ability to generate serum IgG antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dianne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carrara
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramjee
authors.forename: Patti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Anna-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011477:Sex Work; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral