title: Functional ENTPD1 polymorphisms in African Americans with diabetes and end-stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vascular ectonucleotidase ENTPD1 protects against renal injury and modulates glucose homeostasis in mouse models. We sought to determine whether human variation in ENTPD1 influences predisposition to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed ENTPD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 363 African American control subjects, 380 subjects with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD), and 326 subjects with ESRD unrelated to diabetes (non-DM-ESRD). Using human cell lines, we correlated disease-associated ENTPD1 haplotypes with ENTPD1 gene expression. Finally, we studied consequences of ENTPD1 deletion in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A common ENTPD1 two-SNP haplotype was associated with increased risk for DM-ESRD (P = 0.0027), and an uncommon four-SNP haplotype was associated with protection against DM-ESRD (P = 0.004). These haplotypes correlated with ENTPD1 gene expression levels in human cell lines in vitro. Subjects with high ENTPD1-expressing haplotypes were enriched in the DM-ESRD group. By crossing ENTPD1-null mice with db mice, we show that ENTPD1 deletion has prominent effects on metabolic syndrome traits. Specifically, deletion of ENTPD1 lowered glucose levels in control (db/-) mice with one functional leptin receptor and dramatically lowered weights in db/db mice with no functional leptin receptors. Similar effects were seen in aged ENTPD1-null mice with normal leptin receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENTPD1 polymorphisms appear to influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and/or diabetic nephropathy in African Americans. Studies in human cell lines and in vivo mouse data support a potential role for ENTPD1 genetic variation in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. dfriedma@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Talbert
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukanya
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enjyoji
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D001081:Apyrase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen