title: Daily exercise fluctuations and dietary patterns during training predict visceral fat regain in obese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visceral adiposity is an essential component of metabolic syndrome. Reduction of excessive visceral fat prevents metabolic syndrome and improves atherosclerotic diseases. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and physical exercise during the training-education period that predict visceral adiposity regain during the follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one moderately obese Japanese women, 23 to 67 years of age, participated in 0- to 4-month training-education and 12-month follow-up periods. Dietary patterns of food groups during training-education were analyzed by principal components analysis, and 3 major dietary patterns were derived. The change in visceral fat over the follow-up, adjusted for 4-month visceral fat area (VFA) and 4- to 16-month body mass index change, was analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VFA and body weight decreased during training-education (P<0.001) and were maintained during follow-up. One major dietary pattern (of 3) (P=0.030) and standard deviations of daily exercise duration (P=0.012) during training-education predicted VFA regain during follow-up. This regain correlated negatively with combinations of bread, milk and dairy products, fruits, seeds and nuts, and mushrooms, but positively with combinations of rice, pickles, miso, alcohol, and meat. The large standard deviation of daily exercise duration during training-education showed greater VFA regain during follow-up than did the smaller standard deviation (P=0.023), but body mass index did not show a similar trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that daily exercise fluctuations and dietary patterns were useful predictors of visceral fat regain.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Health Promotion Center, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ririko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Misuzu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Shimako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakazono
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamohara
authors.forename: Toshiie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010507:Periodicity; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult