title: The growth and tumor suppressors NORE1A and RASSF1A are targets for calpain-mediated proteolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NORE1A and RASSF1A are growth and tumour suppressors inactivated in a variety of cancers. Methylation of NORE1A and RASSF1A promoters is the predominant mechanism for downregulation of these proteins; however, other mechanisms are likely to exist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we describe a proteolysis of NORE1A and RASSF1A by calpains as alternative mechanism of their downregulation. Extracts of H358 cell line, a human bronchoalveolar carcinoma, and H460, a large cell carcinoma, were capable of proteolysis of NORE1A protein in the calpain-dependent manner. Likewise, RASSF1A tumor suppressor was proteolyzed by the H358 cell extract. Addition of calpain inhibitor to H358 and H460 cells growing in tissue culture resulted in re-expression of endogenous NORE1A. A survey of 10 human lung tumours revealed that three of them contain an activity capable of inducing NORE1A degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, degradation by calpains is a novel mechanism for downregulation of NORE1A and RASSF1A proteins and might be the mechanism allowing cancer cells to escape growth suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, East Hall, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuznetsov
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Khokhlatchev
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; C454042:RASSF5 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D002154:Calpain; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium