title: Reprogramming of murine and human somatic cells using a single polycistronic vector.
abstract: Directed reprogramming of somatic cells by defined factors provides a novel method for the generation of patient-specific stem cells with the potential to bypass both the practical and ethical concerns associated with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Although the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has proven a robust technology in mouse and human, a major impediment to the use of iPS cells for therapeutic purposes has been the viral-based delivery of the reprogramming factors because multiple proviral integrations pose the danger of insertional mutagenesis. Here we report a novel approach to reduce the number of viruses necessary to reprogram somatic cells by delivering reprogramming factors in a single virus using 2A "self-cleaving" peptides, which support efficient polycistronic expression from a single promoter. We find that up to four reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) can be expressed from a single virus to generate iPS cells in both embryonic and adult somatic mouse cells and we show that a single proviral copy is sufficient to generate iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition we have generated human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell lines from human keratinocytes, demonstrating that a single polycistronic virus can reprogram human somatic cells.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Bryce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Styliani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markoulaki
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Maisam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitalipova
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaenisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002477:Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors