title: Preliminary experience with indications for liver transplantation for hepatolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the indications for liver transplantation among patients with hepatolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1,431 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2006 were retrospectively collected for analysis. Surgical procedures included T-tube insertion combined with intraoperative cholangioscopic removal of intrahepatic stones, hepatectomy, cholangiojejunostomy, and liver transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred sixty-one patients who had a stone located in the left or right intrahepatic duct underwent hepatectomy or T-tube insertion combined with intraoperative cholangioscopic removal of intrahepatic stones. The rate of residual stones was 7.5%. Four hundred seventy patients who had a stone located in the bilateral intrahepatic ducts underwent surgical procedures other than liver transplantation; the rate of residual stones was 21.7%. Only 15 patients with hepatolithiasis underwent liver transplantation; they all survived. According to the degree of biliary cirrhosis, recipients were divided into 2 groups: a group with biliary decompensated cirrhosis (n = 7), or group with compensated cirrhosis or no cirrhosis (n = 8). There were significant differences in operative times, transfusion volumes, and blood losses between the 2 groups (P < .05). In the first group, 6 of 7 patients experienced surgical complications, and in the second, 8 recipients recovered smoothly with no complications. Health status, disability, and psychological wellness of all recipients (n = 15) were significantly improved at 1 year after transplantation compared with pretransplantation (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver transplantation is a possible method to address hepatolithiasis and secondary decompensated biliary cirrhosis or difficult to remove, diffusely distributed intrahepatic duct stones unavailable by hepatectomy, cholangiojejunostomy, and choledochoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies