title: Vitreous levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in macular edema with central retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether interleukin (IL)-6 or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) influences macular edema in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients who had macular edema with CRVO and 16 patients with nonischemic ocular diseases (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal ischemia was evaluated by measuring the area of capillary nonperfusion using fluorescein angiography and the public domain Scion Image program, and macular edema was examined by optical coherence tomography. Vitreous fluid samples were obtained at pars plana vitrectomy. VEGF and IL-6 levels in vitreous fluid and plasma were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid levels of IL-6 and VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vitreous fluid levels of VEGF (median: 435 pg/ml) and IL-6 (median: 51.2 pg/ml) were significantly higher in the patients with CRVO than in the control group (median: 62.4 pg/ml and 1.07 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.0046 and P<0.0001, respectively). The vitreous fluid level of VEGF was significantly correlated with that of IL-6 (P = 0.0029). Vitreous fluid levels of both VEGF and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with CRVO who had retinal ischemia than in those without ischemia (P<0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Vitreous fluid levels of VEGF and IL-6 were also significantly correlated with the severity of macular edema (P = 0.0014 and P = 0.0047, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both IL-6 and VEGF were elevated in the vitreous fluid of patients with ischemic CRVO and macular edema. VEGF may increase vascular permeability in patients with macular edema and CRVO, whereas IL-6 may also contribute by acting together with or via VEGF.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Chiba, Japan. nomahide@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Seiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harino
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A