title: In vitro study of the pulp chamber temperature rise during light-activated bleaching.
abstract: This study evaluated in vitro the pulp chamber temperature rise induced by the light-activated dental bleaching technique using different light sources. The root portions of 78 extracted sound human mandibular incisors were sectioned approximately 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The root cavities of the crowns were enlarged to facilitate the correct placing of the sensor into the pulp chamber. Half of specimens (n=39) was assigned to receive a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel on the buccal surface and the other halt (n=39) not to receive the bleaching agent. Three groups (n=13) were formed for each condition (bleach or no bleach) according to the use of 3 light sources recommended for dental bleaching: a light-emitting diode (LED)laser system, a LED unit and a conventional halogen light. The light sources were positioned perpendicular to the buccal surface at a distance of 5 mm and activated during 30 s. The differences between the initial and the highest temperature readings for each specimen were obtained, and, from the temperature changes, the means for each specimen and each group were calculated. The values of temperature rise were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test at 1% significance level. Temperature rise varied significantly depending on the light-curing unit, with statistically significant differences (p<0.01) among the groups. When the bleaching agent was not applied, the halogen light induced the highest temperature rise (2.38+/-0.66 degrees C). The LED unit produced the lowest temperature increase (0.29+/-0.13 degrees C); but there was no significant difference between LED unit and LED-laser system (0.35+/-0.15 degrees C) (p>0.01). When the bleaching agent was applied, there were significant differences among groups (p<0.01): halogen light induced the highest temperature rise (1.41+/-0.64 degrees C), and LED-laser system the lowest (0.33+/-0.12 degrees C); however, there was no difference between LED-laser system and LED unit (0.44+/-0.11 degrees C). LED and LED-laser system did not differ significantly from each other regardless the temperature rise occurred with or without bleaching agent application. It may be concluded that during light-activated tooth bleaching, with or without the bleaching agent, halogen light promoted higher pulp chamber temperature rise than LED unit and LED-laser system. The tested light-curing units provided increases in the pulp chamber temperature that were compatible with pulpal health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaise Graciele
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Laise Daniela
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Guerisoli
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fröner
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology*; D006219:Halogens; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000528:radiation effects; D007180:Incisor; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000528:radiation effects; D012666:Semiconductors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006219:Halogens; D016877:Oxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide