[Effects and potential mechanisms of short-term use of simvastatin on myocardial no-reflow after ischemia-reperfusion in rats].
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to assess the the effect of simvastatin (sim) on myocardial no-reflow (NR) and explore the possible potential mechanisms.


METHODS
Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into sham group (n = 12), I/R (90 min ischemia via coronary ligation/120 min reperfusion, n = 18) and I/R plus sim group (20 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1) sim pretreated via gavage beginning 3 days before I/R, n = 18). After reperfusion, area at risk/area of left ventricular (RA/LVA), area of NR, determined by the area not perfused by thioflavin-S/area at risk (NA/RA) and area of myocardial infarction/area at risk (MIA/RA) were measured. Myocardium homogenate was used to determine the activity of eNOS, iNOS and MPO, and the content of NO and MDA. Myocardial immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the positive index of NF-kappaB p65 in cardiomyocytes and arteriole.


RESULTS
The NR and myocardial infarction areas in I/R plus sim group were significantly smaller than those in I/R group (34.10 +/- 7.05 vs. 52.09 +/- 6.89, 78.80 +/- 7.60 vs. 90.13 +/- 5.72, each P < 0.05) while the ischemia area was similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The myocardial activities of iNOS and MPO, the contents of NO and MDA were significantly lower while eNOS activity was significantly higher in I/R plus sim group than those in I/R group (5.02 +/- 1.64 vs. 9.19 +/- 2.89, 586.21 +/- 126.97 vs. 744.49 +/- 137.53, 257.72 +/- 93.43 vs. 384.10 +/- 40.68, 72.10 +/- 18.56 vs. 111.84 +/- 38.58, 7.08 +/- 1.74 vs. 3.72 +/- 0.98, all P < 0.05). The positive index of NF-kappaB p65 in cardiocytes and arteriole at left ventricular wall near the area of myocardial infarction was significantly lower in I/R plus sim group than that in I/R group (21.59 +/- 10.5 vs. 34.32 +/- 9.55, 27.27 +/- 13.19 vs. 44.91 +/- 15.06, each P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Simvastatin could improve myocardial NR after ischemia-reperfusion by attenuating endothelial dysfunction and inhibiting inflammation and neutrophil activation.
Liu
Yan-hong
YH
Cardiac Department of Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China.
Zhang
Mei
M
Liu
Ling-mei
LM
Zhou
Xin
X
Jiao
Zhan-quan
ZQ
Li
Yu-ming
YM
Pang
Wei
W
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*
D019821:Simvastatin