title: Randomized controlled trial on single dose steroid before thyroidectomy for benign disease to improve postoperative nausea, pain, and vocal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a single preoperative dose of steroid on thyroidectomy outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nausea, pain, and voice alteration frequently occur after thyroidectomy. Because steroids effectively reduce nausea and inflammation, a preoperative administration of steroids could improve these thyroidectomy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients (men = 20, women = 52) undergoing thyroidectomy for benign disease were included in this randomized, controlled, 2 armed (group D: 8 mg dexamethasone, n = 37; group C: 0.9% NaCl, n = 35), double-blinded study (clinical trial number NCT00619086). Anesthesia, surgical procedures, antiemetics, and analgesic treatments were standardized. Nausea (0-3), pain (visual analog scale), antiemetic and analgesic requirements, and digital voice recording were documented before and 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours after surgery. Patients were followed-up 30 days after hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar among the 2 treatment groups. Nausea was pronounced in the first 16 hours postoperatively (scores were <0.3 and 0.8-1.0 for group D and C, respectively (P = 0.005)), and was significantly lower in group D compared with group C during the observation period (P = 0.001). Pain diminished within 48 hours after surgery (visual analog scale 20 and 35 in group D and C, respectively (P = 0.009)). Antiemetic and analgesic requirements were also significantly diminished. Changes in voice mean frequency were less prominent in the dexamethasone group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.015). No steroid-related complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preoperative single dose of steroid significantly reduced nausea, vomiting, and pain, and improved postoperative voice function within the first 48 hours (most pronounced within 16 hours) after thyroid resection; this strategy should be routinely applied in thyroidectomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worni
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schudel
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inglin
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagemann
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vorburger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Candinas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013997:Time Factors; D014831:Voice; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone