title: The Akt/mTOR pathway assures the synthesis of HIF-1alpha protein in a glucose- and reoxygenation-dependent manner in irradiated tumors.
abstract: Transcriptional activity of HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) has been reported to be up-regulated in solid tumors after ionizing radiation; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the response remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we performed a series of molecular imaging experiments using a HIF-1-dependent reporter gene, 5HREp-ODD-luc, and found an essential role of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Hypoxic tumor cells distant from blood vessels were dramatically reoxygenated at 24 h postirradiation, and HIF-1 activity increased as HIF-1alpha accumulated in the reoxygenated regions. The accumulation was inhibited with a nonmetabolizable glucose analog, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, through the suppression of radiation-induced phosphorylation of Akt in the reoxygenated regions. Akt knockdown and an mTOR inhibitor revealed the importance of the Akt/mTOR pathway in the postirradiation accumulation of HIF-1alpha. In vitro experiments confirmed that an increase in glucose availability induced Akt phosphorylation under reoxygenated conditions and consequently up-regulated HIF-1alpha translation. Moreover, both the accelerated translation and the previously reported reactive oxygen species-mediated stabilization of HIF-1alpha protein were essential to the activation of HIF-1. All of these results indicate that Akt/mTOR-dependent translation of HIF-1alpha plays a critical role in the postirradiation up-regulation of intratumoral HIF-1 activity in response to radiation-induced alterations of glucose and oxygen availability in a solid tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. hharada@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itasaka
authors.forename: Shinae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kizaka-Kondoh
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Akiyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morinibu
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000528:radiation effects; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000528:radiation effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000528:radiation effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen