title: Estrogen exerts concentration-dependent pro-and anti-hypertrophic effects on adult cultured ventricular myocytes. Role of NHE-1 in estrogen-induced hypertrophy.
abstract: Estrogen has been shown to protect the heart and attenuate myocardial hypertrophy and left ventricular remodelling through as yet to be defined mechanisms. In the present study we examined concentration-dependent effects of estrogen on hypertrophy of adult rat cardiomyocytes, potential underlying mechanisms related to intracellular pH (pHi) and possible sex-dependent responses. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and used immediately for pHi determinations or cultured and subsequently treated for 24 h with 17beta-estradiol to assess hypertrophic responses. Fluorometric measurements with the pHi-sensitive dye BCECF demonstrated that at 1 pM 17beta-estradiol increased pHi (+0.05 pH units in females and +0.12 pH units in males, P<0.05) by a rapid non-genomic mechanism that was blocked by the sodium-hydrogen exchange isoform 1 (NHE-1) specific inhibitor AVE-4890 (AVE, 5 microM). Treatment with 1 pM 17beta-estradiol for 24 h increased cell size (females: 20%, P<0.05; males: 29%, P<0.05) and ANP expression (females: 414%, P<0.05; males: 497%, P<0.05) in a NHE-1-, and ERK1/2 MAPK-dependent manner. At 1 nM, 17beta-estradiol decreased pHi (females: -0.24 pH units, P<0.05; males: -0.07 pH units, P<0.05) which was also prevented by AVE, although at this concentration the hormone had no direct hypertrophic effect but instead prevented hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine. Our results show that low levels of estrogen produce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through ERK/NHE-1 activation and intracellular alkalinization whereas an antihypertrophic effect is seen at high concentrations. These effects may further our understanding of the role of estrogen in heart disease particularly associated with hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilić
authors.forename: Sabzali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javadov
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karmazyn
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D004967:Estrogens; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C452850:Slc9a1 protein, rat; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D010656:Phenylephrine; D004958:Estradiol; C043829:2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3