title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 869T/C, but not interleukin-6 -174G/C, polymorphism associates with hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Part of the deleterious effects of systemic inflammation on the cardiovascular system of patients with RA may be exerted via increased propensity to hypertension. IL-6 and TGF-beta1 are important regulators of the inflammatory response. In some, but not all, studies, IL6 -174G/C (rs1800795) and TGFB1 869T/C (rs1982073) gene polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension in the general population. The present study addressed their potential association with hypertension in RA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGFB1 869T/C and IL6 -174G/C were identified in 400 RA patients and 422 local, non-RA controls using real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. Binary logistic and linear regression models were used to identify the independence of the effects of the polymorphisms on hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotypic and allelic frequencies of the two polymorphisms were similar in RA and controls. Within the RA group, there was no significant association between IL6 -174G/C and hypertension, but TGF 869T-allele carriers had significantly increased prevalence of hypertension compared with CC homozygotes (70.2 vs 55.2%; P = 0.023). This association remained significant after adjustment for other hypertension risk factors and medication (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% CI 1.02, 3.77; P = 0.044), and was more pronounced in patients with increased systemic inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests an association of TGFB1 869T/C, but not of IL6 -174G/C, with hypertension in RA patients. If this finding is confirmed in prospective studies, this polymorphism could be used as a screening tool for RA patients with higher risk of developing hypertension and lead to increased surveillance and earlier treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Pensnett Road, Dudley, UK.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Panoulas
authors.forename: K M J
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Metsios
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kitas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1