title: The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia: a validation study with patients exhibiting early-onset dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate some validity measures of Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) in patients with early-onset dementia (EOD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing home.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 63 inpatients with EOD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were assessed for the presence of clinical depression using the Provisional Diagnostic Criteria for Depression in Alzheimer Disease. Caregivers were administered the MADRS and CSDD, and two subscales from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed patients had higher scores on 6 of the 10 MADRS items and on 3 of the 19 CSDD items than nondepressed patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a larger area under the curve for MADRS (0.87) than for CSDD (0.76), the difference was significant (p = 0.044). A CSDD optimal cutoff score of "5/6" yielded a sensitivity of 0.833 and a specificity of 0.567. A MADRS cutoff score of "19/20" yielded the highest sum of sensitivity (0.750) and specificity (0.843). A MADRS score of "14/15" with almost the same sum of sensitivity and specificity had a higher sum of sensitivity and a negative predictive value than "19/20." Both scales correlated with the NPI subscales depression/dysphoria (MADRS: rs = 0.70; CSDD: rs = 0.62) and apathy/indifference (MADRS: rs = 0.59; CSDD: rs = 0.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MADRS and CSDD performed well in distinguishing depressed from nondepressed EOD patients and showed good congruent validity. The scales may be used to assess depressive symptoms in EOD. The MADRS intensity grades may be used for development or refinement of depression scales in (early onset) dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leontjevas
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Hooren
authors.forename: Ans
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulders
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity