title: Determinants of choosing withdrawal over modern contraceptive methods in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The determinants of the use of withdrawal in Turkey are examined using a multinomial logistic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from a nation-wide population-based cross-sectional study, the Turkish Demographic Health Surveys that took place in 1998 and 2003. Detailed interviews were conducted with 8576 women aged 15-49 and analysed using SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contextual, cultural and demographic characteristics define women's choice of withdrawal over modern methods. Socio-economic status, education, employment status, and past fertility behaviour are among key determinants. First-ever used contraception method has a very strong impact on later choices. Urban women, the more educated, those with better socioeconomic status, and those living in less crowded households resort less to withdrawal. Experience and empowerment positively linked to modern contraceptive use among women in Turkey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of contraceptive methods in Turkey differs greatly. Empowerment of women in terms of better socioeconomic status, better education, modern and liberal attitudes towards women and family planning seem to reduce withdrawal use as the main method of contraception. The results suggest the need for education (particularly targeting young women and couples), information and provision of modern contraceptive services particularly for disadvantaged groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cindoglu
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sirkeci
authors.forename: Rukiye Fusun
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Sirkeci
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003076:Coitus Interruptus; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey