title: Trichomonosis and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.
abstract: We previously observed a positive association between a history of trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan, Trichomonas vaginalis, and prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. To determine the reproducibility of this finding, we conducted a second, prospective investigation of trichomonosis and prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Participants were men (>or=55 years of age) with no evidence of prostate cancer at enrollment (n = 18,882). Men were screened annually for prostate cancer, and if not diagnosed during the trial, were offered an end-of-study prostate biopsy. Cases were a sample of men diagnosed with prostate cancer on any biopsy after visit 2 or on their end-of-study biopsy (n = 616). Controls were men not diagnosed with prostate cancer during the trial or on their end-of-study biopsy (n = 616). Controls were frequency-matched to cases by age, treatment arm, and family history of prostate cancer. Serum from visit 2 was tested for anti-T. vaginalis IgG antibodies. No association was observed between T. vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer. 21.5% of cases and 24.8% of controls had low seropositivity, and 15.2% and 15.0% had high seropositivity. Compared to seronegative men, the odds ratio of prostate cancer for men with low seropositivity was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-1.09), and that for men with high seropositivity was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.70-1.34). Given the original strong biologic rationale and potential for prevention, additional studies are warranted to help resolve discrepancies between study findings and to further investigate this hypothesis from a variety of different approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. sutcliffes@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.forename: Cathee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: Phyllis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Ann W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hsing
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zenilman
authors.forename: Angelo M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Marzo
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000469:parasitology*; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G