title: Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: long-term results of embolization according to the extent of lung involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the safety of embolization in patients affected with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) presenting with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). To correlate the initial presentation and long-term results of embolization according to the distribution of PAVMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutively treated patients were divided into three groups, according to the involvement of every subsegmental pulmonary artery (group 1), segmental artery (group 2), or both (group 3) of at least one lobe. Age, sex, initial clinical presentation, and Pao(2) were recorded before embolization. Per and postprocedural complications were carefully recorded. Clinical outcome and imaging follow-up were obtained at 6 months and annually thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine patients (31 women, 8 men; mean age, 35 years), all of them with bilateral lung involvement, were treated. Group 1 consisted of 8, group 2 of 17, and group 3 of 14 patients. Dyspnea was present in 35 of the patients (90%) and cyanosis in 17 patients (44%). Preembolization Pao(2) was different between groups 1 (52.6 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) and 3 (70.7 +/- 14.1 mm Hg). Neurologic events were more frequently reported before treatment in group 1 (62.5%) than in group 2 (35%) or in group 3 (43%). Eighty percent of patients reported improvement in their dyspnea after embolization. Pao(2) levels improved more in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. Eight ischemic or infectious complications occurred in 4 patients (10%) due to reperfusion of embolized PAVMs or enlargement of non-embolized PAVMs. Complete and partial treatment success was reported using CT scanning in 59% and 38% of cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyspnea and paradoxical embolism are frequently encountered in HHT patients with diffuse PAVMs. Prevention of complications and improvement of dyspnea can be achieved after successful embolization in most patients. Better improvement of Pao(2) can be achieved in group 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lacombe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lagrange
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Public Health, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beauchet
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Hajjam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chinet
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Electronic address: jean-pierre.pelage@apr.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pelage
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome