title: Neural dissociation of delay and uncertainty in intertemporal choice.
abstract: Decision makers often face choices whose consequences unfold over time. To explore the neural basis of such intertemporal choice behavior, we devised a novel two-alternative choice task with probabilistic reward delivery and contrasted two conditions that differed only in whether the outcome was revealed immediately or after some delay. In the immediate condition, we simply varied the reward probability of each option and the outcome was revealed immediately. In the delay condition, the outcome was revealed after a delay during which the reward probability was governed by a constant hazard rate. Functional imaging revealed a set of brain regions, such as the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyri, and frontal pole, that exhibited activity uniquely associated with the temporal aspects of the task. This engagement of the so-called "default network" suggests that during intertemporal choice, decision makers simulate the impending delay via a process of prospection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. christian.luhmann@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Luhmann
authors.forename: Marvin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Do-Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Daeyeol
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007206:Individuality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011336:Probability; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen