title: Following 2 diet-restricted male outdoor rock climbers: impact on oxidative stress and improvements in markers of cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Lower body fat percentage is positively associated with climbing performance. This may lead climbers to practice unhealthy diet restriction when no sport-specific nutrition information exists. This study examined whether prolonged diet restriction affects body composition, oxidative stress, or other potential health risks in outdoor rock climbers. Two healthy male climbers conducted a 5 week rock climbing trip with a limited food budget ($1 each per day). Subjects underwent an energy restriction of approximately 40%. Loss of body weight and fat mass at week 5 were 5.8% and 16.1%, respectively, and were accompanied by significant subcutaneous fat loss in the iliac crest and abdomen. Triacylglycerols (TG), free fatty acids and C-reactive protein (CRP) dramatically decreased from baseline to week 2, and then maintained the lower level until week 5. Plasma vitamin C was below the normal range, and F2-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress, continuously increased to week 5. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased to week 2, but had returned to baseline levels at week 5. These results indicate that prolonged reduced energy intake while climbing may have an impact on weight loss and fat mass loss, which may contribute to low circulating TG and CRP, indicating improvements in markers of cardiovascular risk, and may lead to increased oxidative stress and reduced circulating antioxidants. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant supplementation or increased energy intake reduce oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Krystal J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Merrells
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knaus
authors.forename: Miyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D028421:Isoprostanes; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid