title: Constituents and antimicrobial properties of blue honeysuckle: a novel source for phenolic antioxidants.
abstract: The fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle; Caprifoliaceae) and its phenolic fraction were analyzed for nutrients and micronutrients. The phenolic fraction was prepared from berries percolated with 0.1% H3PO4 and SPE using Sepabeads SP207. The sugar and lipid content was analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. The total content of anthocyanins was determined using the pH differential absorbance method and aliphatic acids by capillary electrophoresis. MicroLC-MS/MS was used for determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (the predominant anthocyanin), 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, paeonidin-3-glucoside, 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, quercetin, its 3-glucoside, and 3-rutinoside, epicatechin, protocatechuic, gentisic, ellagic, ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and coumaric acids. The phenolic fraction displayed Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reducing (335 +/- 15 microg of gallic acid equivalent/mg) and DPPH and superoxide scavenging activity (IC50 12.1 +/- 0.1 and 115.5 +/- 6.4 microg/mL) and inhibited rat liver microsome peroxidation (IC50 160 +/- 20 microg/mL). The freeze-dried fruit and its phenolic fraction reduced the biofilm formation and adhesion to the artificial surface of Candida parapsilosis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mutans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palíková
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bednár
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marhol
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kren
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cvak
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valentová
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Růzicka
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Holá
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolár
authors.forename: Vilím
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simánek
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulrichová
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts