title: Serum of patients with septic shock stimulates the expression of Trem-1 on U937 monocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the concentrations of sTREM-1 in patients with sepsis and to explore the effects of their serum on the expression of TREM-1 on U937 monocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was sampled at regular time intervals in 56 patients with sepsis. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1alpha), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 and sTREM-1 were measured. U937 monocytes were incubated in the presence of serum at sepsis onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median sTREM-1 concentration on day 1 for patients with septic shock was 915 pg/ml and 228.5 pg/ml for those without shock (p = 0.002). TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 did not differ between them. A positive correlation was found between changes of sTREM-1 and SOFA scores from day 1 to 7. Sera of patients with septic shock evoked a significant increase of the expression of TREM-1. The concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-8 in supernatants increased only after stimulating with sera of patients without shock, but not after stimulating with sera of patients with shock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of sTREM-1 correlated with sepsis severity. sTREM-1 is considerably higher in patients with shock compared to patients without shock. The serum of shocked patients could stimulate the expression of TREM-1 on U937 monocytes.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelekanou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotanidou
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Livaditi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Augustatou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zervou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Douka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodorakopoulou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karagianni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Douzinas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1