title: Soil decontamination of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene by alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
abstract: Present study investigate the toxicity effect of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on a terrestrial plant, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in artificial soils. In this study, TNT toxicity assessment was performed on spiked silica with this nitroaromatic compound by determination of the percent of emergence and shoots and roots biomasses at the concentration range of 3.2-10000 mg kg(-1) Dry Weight (DW). The emergence was reduced by 22-32% after 5 days of exposure at TNT concentrations up to 100 mg kg(-1) DW; shoot and root biomasses were reduced by 48-50 and 63-74%, respectively after 30 days exposure at TNT concentrations < or = 32 mg kg(-1) DW. Concentrations higher than 100 mg kg(-1) DW can not be tolerated at all. Concentrations of TNT and its metabolites in silica, root and shoot were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Analyses of TNT spiked soil extracts reveal hat during alfalfa cultivation for 30 days, TNT was partially transformed at the extent of 15-27%. This transformation decreased at higher TNT soil concentrations. TNT is taken up and metabolized by plants to its downstream derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fallahi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibi-Rezaei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khayami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heydari
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014303:Trinitrotoluene