title: Prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed depression among U.S. adults with diabetes: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many people with depression may be undiagnosed and thus untreated. We sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed depression among adults with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of U.S. adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2006 were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of correlates for undiagnosed depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of undiagnosed depression were 8.7% and 9.2%. About 45% of diabetes patients with depression were undiagnosed. After adjustments for all correlates, female gender (PR, 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), poor or fair health (PR, 2.8; 95% CI: 2.1-3.6), lack of social and emotional support (PR, 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-3.3), life dissatisfaction (PR, 3.5; 95% CI: 2.2-5.5), use of special equipment (PR, 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), no leisure-time physical activity (PR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), and comorbid cardiovascular disease (PR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9) were associated with undiagnosed depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undiagnosed depression among people with diabetes was common. Because depression is associated with increased risk of diabetes-related complications, early detection of depression is needed in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. cli@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Indu B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mokdad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult