title: Characteristics of patients initiating raloxifene compared to those initiating bisphosphonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both raloxifene and bisphosphonates are indicated for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, however these medications have different efficacy and safety profiles. It is plausible that physicians would prescribe these agents to optimize the benefit/risk profile for individual patients. The objective of this study was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients initiating raloxifene with those of patients initiating bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design. Female beneficiaries (45 years and older) with at least one claim for raloxifene or a bisphosphonate in 2003 through 2005 and continuous enrollment in the previous 12 months and subsequent 6 months were identified using a collection of large national commercial, Medicare supplemental, and Medicaid administrative claims databases (MarketScan). Patients were divided into two cohorts, a combined commercial/Medicare cohort and a Medicaid cohort. Within each cohort, characteristics (demographic, clinical, and resource utilization) of patients initiating raloxifene were compared to those of patients initiating bisphosphonate therapy. Group comparisons were made using chi-square tests for proportions of categorical measures and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. Logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine factors independently associated with initiation of raloxifene versus a bisphosphonate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within both the commercial/Medicare and Medicaid cohorts, raloxifene patients were younger, had fewer comorbid conditions, and fewer pre-existing fractures than bisphosphonate patients. Raloxifene patients in both cohorts were less likely to have had a bone mineral density (BMD) screening in the previous year than were bisphosphonate patients, and were also more likely to have used estrogen or estrogen/progestin therapy in the previous 12 months. These differences remained statistically significant in the multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of patients enrolled in commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid plans, patients who initiated raloxifene treatment differed from those initiating bisphosphonates. Raloxifene patients were younger, had better overall health status and appeared to be less likely to have risk factors for new osteoporotic fractures than bisphosphonate patients. Differences in the clinical profiles of these agents may impact prescribing decisions. Investigators using observational data to make comparisons of treatment outcomes associated with these medications should take these important differences in patient characteristics into consideration.
authors.affiliation: US Outcomes Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. fostersa@lilly.com
authors.forename: Shonda A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gerhardt M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Stacey R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D018579:Patient Selection; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride