title: Humiliation: the trauma of disrespect.
abstract: Humiliation, triggered by sensed insult, is hypothesized as a traumatic stimulus and the driving force of a goal-directed survival response that includes predictable emotional appraisals, and motivational or behavioral responses. Because these responses appear automatic and obligatory, they are most likely innately planted as a survival mechanism. Sensitive to developmental experience, these psychobiological responses can be intensified or modulated by social learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, USA. dtrumbull@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trumbull
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D006801:Humans; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012752:Shame