title: Adverse effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on cerebral myelination in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in fetal sheep the effect of betamethasone on myelination in relation to stage of myelination, number of treatment courses, dose, and route of administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin, was determined between 0.27 and 0.93 gestation. Short-term betamethasone effects were examined 24 hours after one maternal intramuscular treatment course (weight adjusted to equal the clinical dose of 2 x 8 mg betamethasone to a 70-kg woman) at 0.63, 0.75, and 0.87 gestation or after continuous 48-hour fetal intravenous infusion at 0.75 and 0.87 gestation. Lasting effects were examined 20 days after one and two treatment courses weight-adapted to the clinical dose of 2 x 8 mg or 2 x 12 mg betamethasone at 0.75 gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myelin basic protein immunoreactivity was first detected in the internal capsule at 0.53 gestation, followed by the centrum semiovale, the superficial white matter, and corpus callosum at 0.63 gestation. Within 24 hours after treatment, betamethasone reduced the number of mature oligodendrocytes and MBP immunoreactivity. The effect decreased with gestational age. Maternal and fetal betamethasone administration had similar effects. Loss of MBP immunoreactivity was not reversed 20 days after two treatment courses, independent of dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betamethasone-induced delayed cerebral myelination is dependent on the stage of brain development in sheep. Betamethasone-related disturbances in myelination and any potential contribution to childhood behavior deficits need to be confirmed in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: Iwa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Antonow-Schlorke
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helgert
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gey
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coksaygan
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nathanielsz
authors.forename: Otto W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D034561:Sheep, Domestic
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D001623:Betamethasone