title: Evaluation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (eGFR) against simultaneous, dual-marker multi-sample measurements of glomerular filtration rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using plasma creatinine remains controversial, especially when GFR approaches normal values. The aim was to re-examine estimated GFR (eGFR) using dual-reference GFR measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  eGFR (simplified modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) was compared with GFR measured with iohexol for predicting GFR measured with (51)Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Dual six-sample GFR (20-240 min postinjection) was measured in 60 patients and 20 normal volunteers with (51)Cr-EDTA (GFR(EDTA)) and iohexol (GFR(iohexol)) injected into separate arms and sampled contralaterally. This was repeated in the normal volunteers under fasting conditions (twice in nine). Percentage bias, imprecision (SD of bias) and disagreement (sign-less difference) between eGFR and GFR(EDTA) were compared with those between GFR(iohexol) and GFR(EDTA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes between fasting and postprandial eGFR correlated significantly with corresponding changes in GFR(iohexol) and GFR(EDTA). eGFR predicted GFR(EDTA) less precisely (SD 19.9%) than GFR(iohexol) (10.5%; P < 0.01). Although eGFR showed a poorer correlation with GFR(EDTA) when GFR(EDTA) > 80 mL/min/1.73 m(2) compared with <80 mL/min/1.73 m(2), there was no significant difference with respect to imprecision or disagreement of >20 or 30%. However, eGFR was closer than GFR(iohexol) to GFR(EDTA) in a higher fraction of studies when GFR(EDTA) > 80 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (28/60) than when it was <80 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (9/37; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  eGFR is inferior to GFR(iohexol) for predicting GFR(EDTA). The disagreement between GFR(iohexol) and GFR(EDTA) illustrates the extent to which uncertainty in GFR(EDTA) contributes to the performance of eGFR. eGFR performs no better at lower, compared with higher levels of GFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. a.m.peters@bsms.ac.uk
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Halsall
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A Robert
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Michell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007472:Iohexol; D004492:Edetic Acid