title: Better infrastructure for critical care trials: nomenclature, etymology, and informatics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this review article are to review the importance and value of standardized definitions in clinical research, as well as to propose the necessary tools and infrastructure needed to advance nosology and medial taxonomy to improve the quality of clinical trials in the field of critical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE for relevant articles, reviewed those selected and their reference lists, and consulted personal files for relevant information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the pathobiology of diseases is well understood, standard disease definitions can be extremely specific and precise; however, when the pathobiology of the disease is less well understood or more complex, biological markers may not be diagnostically useful or even available. In these cases, syndromic definitions effectively classify and group illnesses with similar symptoms and clinical signs. There is no clear gold standard for the diagnosis of many clinical entities in the intensive care unit, including notably both acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There are several types of consensus methods that can be used to explicate the judgmental approach that is often needed in these cases, including interactive or consensus groups, the nominal group technique, and the Delphi technique. Ideally, the definition development process will create clear and unambiguous language in which each definition accurately reflects the current understanding of the disease state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development, implementation, evaluation, revision, and reevaluation of standardized definitions are keys for advancing the quality of clinical trials in the critical care arena.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Niall D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D032921:Consensus; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics; D009626:Terminology as Topic