title: Effect of between and on row distance of first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (Triticum sp.).
abstract: This study was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Haymana Research and Application Farm, Haymana County, Ankara, Turkey during 1987/1990 with the aim of to determine the effect of between and on row distances (B(rd) and O(rd), respectively) on the first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (Triticum sp.). Five wheat cultivars (Bezostaja-I, Gerek 79, Haymana 79; Triticum aestivum L., Cakmak 79 and Kunduru 1149; Triticum durum Desf.) were used and experimental design was arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in split plots with four replications. The cultivars were allocated to the main plots at three different B(rd) (5, 10 and 17.5 cm) and six various O(rd) (4.7, 2.2, 1.2 cm in commons and 3.8, 1.8, 1.0 cm in durums) values. B(rd) and O(rd) distances were not affected from emergency date; the number of plant m(-2) was varied between 173-326; the number of tillering was m(-2) was determined between 12-86; the number of the first root was changed 3-4; the length of the adventitious root was happened between 89-116 mm; the number of the adventitious root was varied between 2-3 mm; the length of the adventitious root was realized between 42-74 mm; the number of the downy brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) was changed between 7-16; plant height was measured between 45-73 cm; spike length was recorded between 62-81 mm; the number of spikelet was determined between 16-23; the number of grain was found between 19-30; grain weight per plant was calculated between 1-2 g plant(-1); 1000-kernel weight was varied between 18-44 g and grain yield per m2 was fixed between 119-208 g m(-2). Increasing in the B(rd) and O(rd) were negatively effected the adventitious root development so to ensure a long and fertile spike, narrow B(rd) and O(rd) distances should be used. Spikelet and grain number, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield per m2 were increased by narrowing either between nor on row distances. In addition, all the B(rd) parameters were not significantly effected to seedling traits in commons but not in durums. B(rd) = 17.5 cm was found the most beneficial distance in durums. On the other hand, to avoid reducing of the yield components, between row distance should not be increase and in all circimcustances, that value always must be adjusted wide otherwise control of the weeds, diseases and pest could be a great problem during the cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara 06110, Dişkapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulukan
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kün
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development; D012621:Seasons; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development*; D014421:Turkey