title: The effects of p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde from Alpinia galanga extracts on human chondrocytes.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects millions of people worldwide. Patients have traditionally been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but these are associated with significant side effects. Purification of the acetone extract of Alpinia galanga afforded p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, as identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analyses. By exploiting the cartilage explant culture, p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde suppressed loss of uronic acid, resulting in release of hyaluronan (HA), sulfated glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). p-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), when incubated in primary human chondrocytes, also reduced release of HA, s-GAG and MMP-2. The results demonstrated: (a) that expression levels of the catabolic genes MMP-3 and MMP-13 were suppressed and (b) mRNA expression levels of anabolic genes of collagen II, SOX9 and aggrecan were increased. This study shows that p-hydroxycinnaldehyde from A. galanga Linn. is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of OA.
authors.affiliation: Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanyaluck
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phitak
authors.forename: Kanyamas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choocheep
authors.forename: Peraphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pothacharoen
authors.forename: Wilart
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pompimon
authors.forename: Bhusana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Premanode
authors.forename: Prachya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kongtawelert
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C117045:p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde; D000096:Acetone