title: Cilengitide induces cellular detachment and apoptosis in endothelial and glioma cells mediated by inhibition of FAK/src/AKT pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antiangiogenic agent cilengitide disrupts integrin binding to the extracellular matrix leading to apoptosis of activated endothelial cells. Integrins are also widely expressed in malignant glioma and integrin inhibitors may directly target tumor cells in this disease. Aim of the current study was to investigate effects of cilengitide on endothelial and glioma cells on molecular and cellular levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cilengitide caused dose-dependent detachment of endothelial cells from cell culture dishes. Proliferation of endothelial cells was significantly inhibited while the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased. Incubation of integrin-expressing glioma cells with cilengitide caused rounding and detachment after 24 hours as observed with endothelial cells. Cilengitide inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in glioma cells with methylated MGMT promotor when given alone or in combination with temozolomide. In endothelial as well as glioma cells cilengitide inhibited phosphorylation of FAK, Src and Akt. Assembly of cytoskeleton and tight junctions was heavily disturbed in both cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cilengitide inhibits integrin-dependent signaling, causes disassembly of cytoskeleton, cellular detachment and induction of apoptosis in endothelial and glioma cells thereby explaining the profound activity of integrin inhibitors in gliomas. The combination of cilengitide with temozolomide exerted additive effects in glioma cells as observed clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Hematology with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ferrer@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Ferrer
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauschild
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bokemeyer
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nippgen
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuch
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D000077204:Temozolomide; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D012910:Snake Venoms; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C422910:Cilengitide; D003606:Dacarbazine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D000077204:Temozolomide