title: Reliability of a modified Modic classification of bone marrow changes in lumbar spine MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of a modified Modic classification for bone marrow changes seen on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), taking into consideration mixed signals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumbar MRI scans from 94 patients with low back pain were assessed independently by 2 spine specialists (senior [senior1], junior) and a radiologist (senior2). One reviewer (senior1) assessed the MR images twice at a three-week interval for evaluation of intraobserver reliability. Senior2 and junior reviewers assessed the MR images once. Pure edema endplate signal changes were classified as Modic type I, and pure fatty endplate changes as Modic type II. A mixture of types I and II but predominantly edema signal changes was classified as Modic I-2 and a mixture of types I and II but predominantly fatty changes was classified as Modic II-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraobserver agreement was excellent (weighted kappa 0.85). The interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial (weighted kappa range 0.56-0.74). Interobserver reliability depended on the experience of the observer, thus highlighting the importance of a learning curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the modified Modic classification is reliable and easy to apply for observers with different clinical experience. The inclusion of mixed marrow changes in the modified classification may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France. fouadfayad@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Marie-Martine
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lefevre-Colau
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Drapé
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feydy
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chemla
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quintéro
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rannou
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poiraudeau
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fermanian
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009045:Motor Endplate / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results