title: Mixed pro and antisaccade performance in children and adults.
abstract: Pro and antisaccades are usually presented in blocks of similar type but they can also be presented such that prosaccade and antisaccade eye movements are mixed and a cue, usually the shape/colour of the fixation target or the peripheral target, determines which type of eye movement is required in a particular trial. A mixed-saccade task theoretically equalizes the inhibitory requirements for pro and antisaccades. Using a mixed-saccade task paradigm the aims of the study were to: 1) compare pro and antisaccades of children, 2) compare performance of children and adults and 3) explore the effect of increased working memory load in adults. The eye movements of 22 children (5-12 years) and 22 adults (20-51 years) were examined using a video-based eye tracking system (El-Mar Series 2020 Eye Tracker, Toronto, Canada). The task was a mixed-saccade task of pro and antisaccades and the colour of the peripheral target was the cue for whether the required saccade was to be a pro or an antisaccade. The children performed the mixed-saccade task and 11 adults performed the same mixed-saccade task alone and in a dual-task paradigm (together with mental subtraction or number repetition). A second group of 11 adults performed the mixed-saccade task alone. Children made mainly antisaccade errors. The adults' error rates increased in the mental subtraction dual-task condition but both antisaccade and prosaccade errors were made. It was concluded that the increased error rates of these two groups are reflective of different processing dynamics.
authors.affiliation: University of Waterloo, School of Optometry, Waterloo, Canada. elirving@uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tajik-Parvinchi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lillakas
authors.forename: Esther G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Steinbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult