title: Potential role of PUMA in delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 protein family, is required for p53-dependent and -independent forms of apoptosis. PUMA localizes to mitochondria and interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) or proapoptotic Bax in response to death stimuli. Although studies have shown that PUMA is associated with pathomechanisms of cerebral ischemia, clearly defined roles for PUMA in ischemic neuronal death remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine potential roles for PUMA in cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with hypotension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PUMA was upregulated in vulnerable hippocampal CA1 neurons after tGCI as shown by immunohistochemistry. In Western blot and coimmunoprecipitation analyses, PUMA localized to mitochondria and was bound to Bcl-X(L) and Bax in the hippocampal CA1 subregion after tGCI. PUMA upregulation was inhibited by pifithrin-alpha, a specific inhibitor of p53, suggesting that PUMA is partly controlled by the p53 transcriptional pathway after tGCI. Furthermore, reduction in oxidative stress by overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, which is known to be protective of vulnerable ischemic hippocampal neurons, inhibited PUMA upregulation and subsequent hippocampal CA1 neuronal death after tGCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results imply a potential role for PUMA in delayed CA1 neuronal death after tGCI and that it could be a molecular target for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Laboratories, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305-5487, USA.
authors.forename: Kuniyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niizuma
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.forename: D Jeannie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.forename: Pak H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048588:Benzoxazines; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D010078:Oxazines; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D055647:Rats, Transgenic; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C533952:Bbc3 protein, rat; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D048588:Benzoxazines; D010078:Oxazines; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C028911:cresyl violet; D014050:Toluene; C121565:pifithrin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase