title: Moderating roles of primary social influences in the relationship between adolescent self-reported exposure to antismoking messages and smoking intention.
abstract: This study explores moderating roles of primary social influences in the relationship between adolescent triers' and experimenters' self-reported exposure to antismoking messages and their smoking intentions. The theoretical arguments are drawn from primary socialization theory, group socialization theory, and the social development model, and the data are from the 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey. The tobit regression models demonstrate that, as a primary social influence, peer smoking seems to be a strong risk factor for all of the adolescent segments' smoking intentions, whereas parental monitoring can be a significant counter-risk factor for middle-schoolers' smoking intentions. In addition, school intervention programs and parental monitoring against smoking appear to play a moderating role in the relationship between high-school triers' self-reported exposure to antismoking messages and their smoking intentions. The findings seem to suggest that campaigners should make more efforts to incorporate primary social influences to prevent adolescent smoking. The findings also suggest that campaigners should tailor antismoking programs to fit specific target audiences. In particular, middle-school experimenters deserve more attention from antismoking campaigners because they seem most vulnerable to future smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advertising, Public Relations, and Retailing, College of Communication Arts and Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. paekh@msu.edu
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Paek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D016487:Parenting; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D040241:Social Marketing; D012951:Socialization; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology