title: Astaxanthin inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism.
abstract: Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of living organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and the mechanism of astaxanthin on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. The treatment with DHA hydroperoxide (DHA-OOH) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), either of which is ROS-inducing neurotoxin, led to a significant decrease in viable dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells by MTT assay, whereas a significant protection was shown while the cells were pretreated with astaxanthin. Moreover, 100 nM astaxanthin pretreatment significantly inhibited apoptosis, mitochondrial abnormalities and intracellular ROS generation occurred in either DHA-OOH- or 6-OHDA-treated cells. The neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin is suggested to be dependent upon its antioxidant potential and mitochondria protection; therefore, it is suggested that astaxanthin may be an effective treatment for oxidative stress-associated neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisaka
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000633:toxicity; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D024341:Xanthophylls; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C037169:docosahexaenoic acid hydroperoxide; D016627:Oxidopamine; C005948:astaxanthine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D004298:Dopamine