title: (1)H NMR-based metabolomic approach for understanding the fermentation behaviors of wine yeast strains.
abstract: (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was used for the first time to investigate metabolic changes in musts during alcoholic fermentation and wines during aging. Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (RC-212, KIV-1116, and KUBY-501) were also evaluated for their impacts on the metabolic changes in must and wine. Pattern recognition (PR) methods, including PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA scores plots, showed clear differences for metabolites among musts or wines for each fermentation stage up to 6 months. Metabolites responsible for the differentiation were identified as valine, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), pyruvate, succinate, proline, citrate, glycerol, malate, tartarate, glucose, N-methylnicotinic acid (NMNA), and polyphenol compounds. PCA scores plots showed continuous movements away from days 1 to 8 in all musts for all yeast strains, indicating continuous and active fermentation. During alcoholic fermentation, the highest levels of 2,3-BD, succinate, and glycerol were found in musts with the KIV-1116 strain, which showed the fastest fermentation or highest fermentative activity of the three strains, whereas the KUBY-501 strain showed the slowest fermentative activity. This study highlights the applicability of NMR-based metabolomics for monitoring wine fermentation and evaluating the fermentative characteristics of yeast strains.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ki Myong
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Won-Mok
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cherl-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Shick
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins