title: EMLA Cream coated on the rigid bronchoscope for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Removal of a tracheal or bronchial foreign body is a common emergent surgical procedure in children. The anesthetic management can be challenging. EMLA Cream (EC) has been widely used to provide topical anesthesia. In the present study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of EC coated on the rigid bronchoscope for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children undergoing intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were randomized to receive either EC or placebo (lubricant ointment) coated on the rigid bronchoscope. Intravenous anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation were performed in all patients. Heart rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and frequency and degree of breath holding were recorded. After surgery, the bronchoscopist rated overall surgical manipulation as excellent, fair, and poor. The durations of postoperative care were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Episodes of oxygen desaturation (SpO(2) < 90%) occurred in 3/15 (20%) patients in the EC group and in 9/15 (60%) patients in the control group (P < .05). Occurrences and degrees of breath holding were less in the EC group than that in the control group (P < .05). Ranks of surgical manipulation were excellent in 80% of patients in the EC group versus 13% of patients in the control group (P < .05). The durations of postoperative care were shorter in the EC group than that in the control group (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EC coated on the rigid bronchoscope combined with intravenous anesthesia could provide more efficacious and safer anesthesia for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children under spontaneous ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001980:Bronchi; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D010919:Placebos; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine