Illuminance, sexual maturation, and early egg production in female broiler breeders.
1. Broiler breeders were reared at an initial illuminance of 13, 21 or 44 lux and transferred at 20 weeks and a mean body weight of 2.06 kg to floor pens at 25, 55 or 71 lux, or to individual cages at various intensities between 3 and 138 lux. 2. Rate of sexual maturation was not significantly affected by the light intensity experienced during the rearing period, but was progressively accelerated by the provision of a brighter illuminance after 20 weeks, up to a ceiling of about 14 lux. There was no interaction between the pre- and post-20-week illuminance. 3. Cumulative egg numbers to 39 weeks were unaffected by illuminance in the rearing period, positively correlated with illuminance post 20 weeks up to an asymptote at about 8 lux, and highly correlated with age at sexual maturity. Peak rate of lay was both delayed and depressed at 3 lux. 4. It is concluded that the minimum light intensity required at bird-head height to achieve satisfactory photostimulation and an optimal peak rate of lay in broiler breeders is 10 lux, but that a higher illuminance would be prudent for broiler breeders kept in floor pen facilities to maximise nest-box usage.
Lewis
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PD
Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. pdlewis@dsl.pipex.com
Danisman
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R
Gous
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RM
D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D052284:Clutch Size / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008027:Light; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017440:Photoperiod