A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense.
Selection pressure exerted by insects and microorganisms shapes the diversity of plant secondary metabolites. We identified a metabolic pathway for glucosinolates, known insect deterrents, that differs from the pathway activated by chewing insects. This pathway is active in living plant cells, may contribute to glucosinolate turnover, and has been recruited for broad-spectrum antifungal defense responses. The Arabidopsis CYP81F2 gene encodes a P450 monooxygenase that is essential for the pathogen-induced accumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, which in turn is activated by the atypical PEN2 myrosinase (a type of beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) for antifungal defense. We propose that reiterated enzymatic cycles, controlling the generation of toxic molecules and their detoxification, enable the recruitment of glucosinolates in defense responses.
Bednarek
Pawel
P
Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany. bednarek@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de
Pislewska-Bednarek
Mariola
M
Svatos
Ales
A
Schneider
Bernd
B
Doubsky
Jan
J
Mansurova
Madina
M
Humphry
Matt
M
Consonni
Chiara
C
Panstruga
Ralph
R
Sanchez-Vallet
Andrea
A
Molina
Antonio
A
Schulze-Lefert
Paul
P
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009154:Mutation; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D013871:Thiones / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007211:Indoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D013871:Thiones; C036025:4-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate; D014364:Tryptophan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C117165:raphanusamic acid; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022739:thioglucosidase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C505663:PEN2 protein, Arabidopsis; D003545:Cysteine