title: Human mesenteric adipose tissue plays unique role versus subcutaneous and omental fat in obesity related diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a common and rapidly growing health problem today. Obesity is characterized by the increase of body fat and an excess of total body fat and, in particular, visceral fat accumulation, is considered to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. To determine whether the malfunction of the mesenteric adipose tissue plays an important role in the diabetic related metabolic syndrome, in this study, lipolysis and gene expression in the subcutaneous, omental and mesenteric adipose tissue of the diabetic subjects were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipolysis and real time PCR were utilized to determine adipocyte function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal adipose tissue glycerol release is higher in diabetics than that of the non diabetics in all three fat depots. Isoproterenol (ISO) significantly increases glycerol release in subcutaneous, omental and mesenteric adipose tissues of non diabetic subjects but it stimulated glycerol release was significantly impaired in all three fat depots of the diabetic subjects. Gene expression studies indicate that leptin, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and 11beta-hydroysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) gene expression were significantly up regulated in the mesenteric adipose tissue of the diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human mesenteric adipose tissue in obese diabetic subjects has high basal glycerol release and impaired isoproterenol stimulated glycerol release. The obesity-related gene expressions in the mesenteric adipose tissue are up regulated, suggesting that the alterations of these genes in mesentery adipose depot may play a critical role in insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: Ying-Kui
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Aprahamian
authors.forename: Carroll M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harmon
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009852:Omentum / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D005227:Fatty Acids; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007545:Isoproterenol; D005990:Glycerol