title: The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After treating a hypoglycaemic patient, how in-depth a work-up is required to prevent their next hypoglycaemic episode?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of routine laboratory testing in the management of hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study at two urban teaching hospitals from July 2006 to July 2007. The study included adult patients (> or = 18 years) with hypoglycaemia (fingerstick glucose < or = 60 mg/dl (3.33 mmol/l) in the emergency department or altered mental status resolved by glucose or glucagon). Predictor variables were age, gender, medical history, physical examination, hypoglycaemic agent (insulin vs oral hypoglycaemic). Outcome variables were electrolyte abnormality (serum sodium outside the range of 135-145 mmol/l; serum potassium outside the range of 3.5-5.0 mEq/dl), leucocytosis (white blood cell count >15,000/high power field) or urinary tract infection. Continuous data are presented as mean (SD). Categorical data are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Student's t and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare data when appropriate (alpha = 0.05, two-tailed).
  
  
  RESULTS
  291 patients were studied with a mean age of 64 years (SD 16) (range 22-95) 54 women. 200 patients (69%, 95% CI 63% to 74%) had at least one laboratory abnormality. These included newly diagnosed renal failure (23%), pre-existing renal failure (32%), hypokalaemia (8%), hyperkalaemia (11%), leucocytosis (4.2%) and pyuria (19%). No significant difference was found between the rates of abnormal laboratory results in patients on insulin versus those on oral hypoglycaemics. Higher admission rates (p = 0.001) were also observed in patients with abnormal (70%) compared with normal (53%) laboratory results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of laboratory abnormalities in hypoglycaemic patients justifies routine testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medial Center, Box 1228, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. nephron1@bellatlantic.net
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zehtabchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult