title: Association among serum perfluoroalkyl chemicals, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used worldwide in a variety of consumer products. The effect of PFCs on glucose homeostasis is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 474 adolescents and 969 adults with reliable serum measures of metabolic syndrome profile from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2003-2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adolescents, increased serum perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) concentrations were associated with hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.16 [95% CI 1.39-7.16], P < 0.05). Increased serum PFNA concentrations also have favorable associations with serum HDL cholesterol (0.67 [0.45-0.99], P < 0.05). Overall, increased serum PFNA concentrations were inversely correlated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (0.37 [0.21-0.64], P < 0.005). In adults, increased serum perfluorooctanoic acid concentrations were significantly associated with increased beta-cell function (beta coefficient 0.07 +/- 0.03, P < 0.05). Increased serum perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS) concentrations were associated with increased blood insulin (0.14 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (0.14 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01), and beta-cell function (0.15 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum PFOS concentrations were also unfavorably correlated with serum HDL cholesterol (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.15-2.26], P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum PFCs were associated with glucose homeostasis and indicators of metabolic syndrome. Further clinical and animal studies are warranted to clarify putative causal relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine of Nephrology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pau-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lian-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C018959:hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid