title: Premenstrual syndrome prevalence and fluctuation over time: results from a French population-based survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the experience of reproductive-age women in the French population with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) by estimating perceived symptom prevalence, identifying risk factors, and quantifying the burden of symptoms. This study also assesses the stability of the PMS diagnosis over a 1-year period of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of reported PMS was estimated from a population-based cohort of 2863 French women interviewed in 2003 and 2004. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors associated with PMS. PMS fluctuation was studied by comparing women's responses in 2003 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that 4.1% of women qualified for severe PMS (six symptoms) and 8.1% qualified for moderate PMS (one to five symptoms), resulting in 12.2% of women who reported PMS symptoms that impacted their daily lives. Risk factors for PMS fell into three categories: hormonal, psychosocial, and physiological, with life stressors and exogenous hormonal exposure exerting the most substantial impact. Results also indicate a high level of intraindividual variation in PMS status over time; among women who qualified for PMS during 1 or both years of the study, 72% demonstrated fluctuation in their PMS status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More women report suffering from distressing premenstrual symptoms than are captured by strict premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) diagnostic criteria. The impact of PMS symptoms on women appears to fluctuate over time, however, producing greater variability in the syndrome than previously recognized. Clinicians should be mindful of high intraindividual variability in the syndrome when advising patients about long-term management.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Department of Epidemiology, Demography, and Social Sciences, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouyer
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trussell
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal