title: Occurrence and transmission of Newcastle disease virus aerosol originating from infected chickens under experimental conditions.
abstract: In order to better understand airborne transmission of Newcastle disease, a model system was established and two trials were conducted. Twenty-five principal specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with NDV and were housed in one isolator. 6 days after the chickens were challenged, 15 chickens were placed into another isolator which received its air supply from the first isolator. The NDV aerosol originating from inoculated chickens was collected with All Glass Impinger-30 (AGI-30) to study the occurrence and concentration of NDV aerosol. The antibody response to infection was assessed by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and viral shedding was detected by RT-PCR and Dot-ELISA. NDV aerosol was initially detectable by RT-PCR and cell culture at day 2 or 3 post-inoculation (dpi). The aerosol concentration peaked at 1.69x10(4)PFU/m(3) air at 13dpi in trial 1, 9.14x10(3)PFU/m(3) air at 11dpi in trial 2 and was consistently detectable up to 40dpi. NDV shedding was detectable from 2 to 40dpi of inoculated chickens and from 6 days post-aerosol exposed infection (dpi) to 33dpi of aerosol exposed chickens. The viral strain induced high antibody level, both in inoculated and in aerosol exposed chickens. Airborne transmission did occur, as shown by NDV shedding and seroconversion to NDV in aerosol exposed chickens. The results indicated that viruses shed from infected chickens readily aerosolized and airborne transmission of NDV was possible.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tongjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hongjing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xingxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Zengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral