title: Recurrent retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder. It is characterized by seizures, mental retardation and hamartomatous lesions, including facial angiofibroma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma and renal angiomyolipoma (AML). AMLs can bleed severely in the retroperitoneal space.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we present the case of a TSC patient presenting with recurrent severe episodes of retroperitoneal hemorrhage from AMLs successfully managed by angio-embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transarterial embolization is effective in preventing and controlling hemorrhage in patients with AMLs of the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy. m.chiarugi@dc.med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiarugi
authors.forename: Maria Carola
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Marsia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pucciarelli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Decanini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vignali