title: ABC transporters, cytochromes P450 and their main transcription factors: expression at the human blood-brain barrier.
abstract: We have established the expression patterns of the genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and cytochromes P450 (CYPs) at the adult human blood-brain barrier (BBB) using isolated brain microvessels and cortex biopsies from patients with epilepsia or glioma. Microves synaptophysin (neurons) and neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) (pericytes). ABCG2 [breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] and ABCB1 (MDR1) were the main ABC transporter genes expressed in microvessels, with 20 times more ABCG2 and 25 times more ABCB1 in microvessels than in the cortex. The CYP1B1 isoform represented over 80% of all the CYPs genes detected in microvessels. There were 14 times more CYP1B1 in microvessels than in the cortex, showing that CYP1B1 is mainly expressed at the BBB. p-glycoprotein (ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2) and CYP1B1 proteins were found in microvessels by western blotting. The expression of genes encoding three transcription factors [pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)] was also investigated. The AhR gene, involved in the regulation of CYP1B1 expression, was highly expressed in brain microvessels, whereas PXR and CAR genes were almost undetected. This detailed pattern of ABC and CYPs gene expression at the human BBB provides useful information for understanding how their substrates enter the brain.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacologie des Addictions (CNRS UMR 7157), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dauchy
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dutheil
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chassoux
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daumas-Duport
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Couraud
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scherrmann
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Waziers
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Declèves
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000941:Antigens; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016708:Synaptophysin; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C116614:ABCG2 protein, human