title: Age-related oxidative stress modulation by smoking habit and obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether obesity and smoking habit may accelerate the age-related increase of oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Oxidative-INDEX, a score reflecting both oxidative and antioxidant counterparts, was estimated in 179 subjects (50 males, aged 16-79 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress results were elevated in obese and smoker subjects. Adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated obesity and smoking as independent variables for elevated Oxidative-INDEX (odds ratio=4.8 and 3.1, respectively). Oxidative-INDEX steadily rises at a mean rate of 5.3% (0.017 AU) per year in the overall population, showing twice and three times higher annual rate increase in smokers and obese subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the pro-ageing effects of cigarette smoking and obesity by a more rapid and sharp elevation of the oxidative stress status.
authors.affiliation: G Monasterio Foundation and Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy. cristina.vassalle@ifc.cnr.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vassalle
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.forename: Rudina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ndreu
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercuri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult