title: Effect of spironolactone therapy on albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the addition of spironolactone to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors further decreases albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective open-label trial in patients recruited at the Cleveland Clinic between February 2004 and November 2006. Patients with type 2 DM were eligible if they were older than 18 years of age, had been treated with any ACE inhibitor for longer than 1 month, and had a random urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) greater than 100 mg/g within 1 month of study entry. Based on screening ACR, patients were assigned to a microalbuminuria group (ACR 100-300 mg/g) or a macroalbuminuria group (ACR >300 mg/g). Patients were followed up for 12 weeks, with 4 clinic visits, 4 weeks apart. At visit 2, spironolactone, 25 mg once daily, was initiated and continued for 4 weeks. At visit 3, spironolactone was discontinued. Clinical information was obtained at each visit as were serum chemistries and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four patients with type 2 DM and albuminuria completed the study. Eleven patients had microalbuminuria and 13 had macroalbuminuria. Following treatment with spironolactone, urinary albumin excretion dropped from a mean +/- SD of 404.6 +/- 60.9 mg/d to 302.7 +/- 52.7 mg/d (25.7% decrease, P<.001). In the microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups, the urinary albumin excretion dropped 27.2% (P = .05) and 24.3% (P = .02), respectively. Despite a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure between visits 2 and 3 (141.2 +/- 3.5 to 132.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg; P = .002), this change did not correlate to the change in albuminuria (r(2) = 0.02; P = .23). There were no withdrawals due to hyperkalemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spironolactone is effective in further decreasing albuminuria in patients with type 2 DM who are already treated with ACE inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hamrahian
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Elias S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Siraj
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone