title: Cardiac and renal hormones: anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Four cardiovascular hormones, ie, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide, and atrial natriuretic peptide each at 1 mmol/L, decrease up to 97% of human breast, ovarian, pancreatic, colon, kidney, and prostate adenocarcinoma cells, as well as small cell and squamous cell lung cancer cells within 24 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, and kaliuretic peptide were investigated in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These cardiac hormones completely stop the growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas in athymic mice and decrease their tumor volume by 49%, 28%, and 11%, respectively, in 1 week. When these cardiac hormones are given subcutaneously for 1 month via osmotic pumps with the pumps changed weekly, up to 80% of the human pancreatic adenocarcinomas growing in athymic mice can be completely eliminated. Similarly, two thirds of human breast cancers in athymic mice can be eliminated without surgery with these cardiac hormones. Natriuretic peptide receptors A-, B-, and C- are present on the cancer cells to mediate atrial natriuretic peptide's effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cardiac hormones' anticancer mechanism of action(s) include a strong inhibition of mitogen (epidermal growth factor and insulin) activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and as well as inhibition of basal extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 and upstream MEK 1/2 phosphorylation. They cause 80% to 90% inhibition of DNA synthesis in the nucleus where these cardiac hormones have been demonstrated to localize by immunocytochemical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiac Hormone Center, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center and James A Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA. david.vesely@va.gov
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Vesely
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D045265:Natriuretic Peptides