title: Quality control in urodynamics: Analysis of an international multi-center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the quality of urodynamic traces collected as part of a multi-center Phase II drug trial of a medication for overactive bladder (OAB), in order to assess adherence to the Good Urodynamic Practice (GUP) guidelines. To assess inter-rater reliability (IRR) for the numerical cystometrogram variables, and for the diagnosis of detrusor overactivity (DO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two central reviewers assessed 50 cystometrograms, recording the presence or absence of DO and assessing compliance with GUP guidelines. Three central reviewers independently assessed 20% of cystometrograms submitted, for numerical variables. IRR of central and peripheral assessments were compared with intra-class correlation (ICC) and Cohen's unweighted kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was inconsistent adherence to GUP guidelines, because of differences in urodynamic equipment and practice. ICC between numerical variables assessed by the three central reviewers were excellent ranging between 0.830 and 0.997 (P all < or =0.001). ICC between numerical variables assessed by peripheral and central reviewers were good to excellent, ranging between 0.624 and 0.994 (P all < or =0.05). Central reviewers showed excellent agreement in the assessment of DO (kappa = 0.83). However central and peripheral reviewers showed poor agreement in the assessment of DO (kappa = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without standardization of equipment and training, adherence to GUP guidelines is problematic. Cystometric pressure and volume variables can however be reliably assessed in multi-center studies. DO cannot be reliably observed by interpreting the cystometrogram trace in isolation. Objective assessment of DO may therefore be unsuitable for multi-center studies reliant on central reporting of traces. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:380-384, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK. arasi27@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Arasee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renganathan
authors.forename: Rufus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.forename: Dudley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srikrishna
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure; D011786:Quality Control; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*