title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary allograft failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Herein we have reported our experience concerning the usefulness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in heart transplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2002 and March 2007, 11 heart transplant patients, namely, 8 men and 3 women of overall mean age of 49.4 +/- 13.9 years (range, 19-62 years) with primary graft failure underwent ECMO implantation. Two patients had pulmonary hypertension; 3 had been transplanted with hearts from marginal donors. At the time of implantation, all were in severe cardiogenic shock despite maximal inotropic support. In 6 patients, the ECMO was implanted centrally in the operating room when there was failure of weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Among the 5 remaining patients, ECMO was implanted peripherally in the intensive care unit, during the first 60 hours, including 3 cases of hemodynamic instability and 1 of irreversible cardiac graft arrest. The last patient was implanted on day 30 after transplantation because of acute rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pump outflow was 2.7 +/- 0.4 L/min/m(2). One patient died on circulatory support due to a cerebral hemorrhage. Ten patients were weaned from ECMO after a mean duration of 9.1 +/- 6.9 days (range, 1-18 days). All of them were successfully discharged. No retransplantation occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid operating room or bedside placement of ECMO allowed stabilization of hemodynamics with potential myocardial recovery in patients with cardiac graft failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation Program, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arpesella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loforte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mikus
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mikus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult