title: Observational learning of fly casting using traditional and virtual modeling with and without authority figure.
abstract: Traditional and virtual modeling were compared during learning of a multiple degree-of-freedom skill (fly casting) to assess the effect of the presence or absence of an authority figure on observational learning via virtual modeling. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Virtual Modeling with an authority figure present (VM-A) (n = 16), Virtual Modeling without an authority figure (VM-NA) (n = 16), Traditional Instruction (n = 17), and Control (n = 19). Results showed significant between-group differences on Form and Skill Acquisition scores. Except for one instance, all three learning procedures resulted in significant learning of fly casting. Virtual modeling with or without an authority figure present was as effective as traditional instruction; however, learning without an authority figure was less effective with regard to Accuracy scores.
authors.affiliation: Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32071, Boone, NC 28608-2071, USA. Kernodlemw@appstate.edu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kernodle
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: McKethan
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D035061:Control Groups; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007858:Learning; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012930:Social Dominance; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013663:Teaching; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014743:Videotape Recording