title: [Expiratory vocal cord dysfunction? Case report and review of the literature].
abstract: Wood and Milgrom defined vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) as paradoxical adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration or during inspiration and expiration. We describe the case of a patient with attacks of dyspnea with an isolated expiratory paradoxical adduction of the vocal folds. A review of the literature reveals many factors associated with VCD. Because of the similar risk factors and order of events concerning VCD, we believe that even expiratory laryngeal dysfunctions could be denoted as subtypes of VCD.
authors.affiliation: Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin, Universitätsklinik, Breisacherstrasse 60, 79106, Freiburg. matthias.echternach@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verse
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Delb
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*