title: Cytokine induction by a linear 1,3-glucan, curdlan-oligo, in mouse leukocytes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Curdlan, an extracellular bacterial polysaccharide, is a linear beta-1,3-glucan. Previously, we developed Curdlan-oligo (CRDO). We investigated its effect on the production of cytokines in leukocytes from mice, and compared its activity with that of SCG, a 6-branched 1,3-beta-glucan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Splenocytes from DBA/2 mice were cultured with CRDO or SCG (0, 1, 10 or 100 microg/ml) in vitro, and then the supernatants were collected to measure cytokines. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were cultured with CRDO (0, 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml) in vitro, and then the supernatant was collected to measure cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCG stimulated splenocytes in DBA/2 mice to produce GM-CSF, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. CRDO induced production of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, but not TNF-alpha. The amounts of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma were small compared with those produced in response to SCG. The effect of SCG on TNF-alpha production was partially inhibited by CRDO. In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, CRDO induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that CRDO stimulated mouse leukocytes to induce the production of cytokines, and the mechanism of the effect of CRDO on leukocytes is different from that of SCG.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D047071:beta-Glucans; C038459:curdlan; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan