title: Urethrography in the male: the clamp method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrograde urethrography is considered the gold standard for evaluating stenosis or urethral disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clamp method for optimizing retrograde urethrography (RUG) using a perfected device and a drip infusion system. material and methods: RUG was performed in 42 patients with a mean age of 63.4+/-16.5 years suspected of having urethral stenosis. The modifications to the device are shown, and the steps of the technique described. The intensity of pain from both catheterization and external compression was measured on a visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the RUG examinations were conducted satisfactorily. The use of the drip infusion system enabled visualization of the posterior urethra in 97.6% of cases, and bladder repletion was achieved in 95.2% of cases. The urethrograms revealed images of stenosis in 31 patients. With catheterization the mean pain intensity registered by VAS was 0.7+/-0.6 (SD), whereas with external compression the mean pain intensity was 0.06+/-0.02 (SD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clamp method and drip infusion system used in this study are efficient and reduce patient discomfort. The procedure makes it possible to assess cases with stenosis close to the meatus that are difficult to manage with the conventional method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aparicio Meson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media