title: Impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in patients with variant angina pectoris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is generally considered that patients with variant angina pectoris (VAP) have a potential disturbance in the coronary endothelium. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been shown to mediate vasodilation as a result of its endothelium-enhancing property; however, the significance of low HDL in patients with VAP has not been clarified. We sought to determine the association between a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and VAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a total of 174 consecutive patients who were suspected of having VAP and underwent spasm provocation test by direct injection of acetylcholine into the coronary arteries. One hundred and three patients (59%) were consequently diagnosed as having VAP. Serum HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycohemoglobin levels were measured in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDL-C in quartiles showed a significant negative correlation with the presence of VAP. Multivariate analysis revealed that the lowest HDL-C quartile (<43 mg/dl), as well as cigarette smoking and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus, was an independent determinant of VAP (odds ratio=3.39, P=0.010). Patients in the highest FPG quartile (> or =106 mg/dl) or with cigarette smoking habit in combination with the lowest HDL-C quartile showed an increased risk for VAP (relative risk=2.01 and 1.88, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low level of HDL-C is an independent determinant for VAP. Endothelial dysfunction caused by a low HDL state may play a role in the development of VAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan. yas.suga@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noma
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000788:Angina Pectoris, Variant / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000109:Acetylcholine