title: Effects of calcium channel blockers on proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy management should include the use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or an angiotensin receptor blocker with additional antihypertensive medications to reduce proteinuria and cardiovascular events. Some studies suggest that adding a nondihydropyridine rather than a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) may more effectively lower proteinuria. We hypothesized that a trandolapril/verapamil SR (T/V) fixed-dose combination (FDC) was superior to a benazepril/amlodipine (B/A) FDC for reducing albuminuria in 304 hypertensive diabetic nephropathy patients when treated for 36 weeks. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the primary end point; adjusted percentage change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), which increased (mean T/V, 29.29%; mean B/A, 8.49%; difference, 20.80%; P=.34); or in change in absolute UACR, which decreased (mean [g/g] T/V, -0.11; mean [g/g] B/A, -0.08; difference -0.03; P=.78). There were significant reductions in log UACR (mean change in T/V, -0.28; P<.01; mean change in B/A, -0.31; P<.001) and diastolic blood pressure in both groups and in systolic blood pressure in the B/A group. T/V was not superior to B/A for reducing UACR. Both ACEI/CCB FDCs may reduce albuminuria; in the case of T/V, this appears to be independent of systolic blood pressure reduction in patients who had previously been treated and had baseline blood pressure levels of 142/77 mm Hg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA. robert.toto@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Kaffa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fakouhi
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007211:Indoles; D017311:Amlodipine; C052035:trandolapril; D014700:Verapamil; C044946:benazepril