title: An in vitro evaluation of the long-term resin bond to a new densely sintered high-purity zirconium-oxide ceramic surface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful long-term bonding to zirconia ceramic remains a challenge, requiring special cements and surface roughening by airborne-particle abrasion, which might negatively affect the ceramic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin cylinders to a modified zirconia surface using different luting techniques after thermal cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Composite resin (TPH3) cylinders with a diameter of 3 mm were bonded to zirconia ceramics (Procera Zirconia) with a modified surface (RZ) and a machined surface (MZ). Three different adhesive luting cements (Panavia F2.0, RelyX ARC, RelyX Unicem) in combination with and without airborne-particle abrasion (50-microm and 110-microm Al(2)O(3)) were used. RZ was bonded using all 3 cements with (50 mum) and without airborne-particle abrasion; with 110 microm, only Panavia F2.0 was used. MZ was bonded using only Panavia F2.0 with (50 microm, 110 microm) and without airborne-particle abrasion. SBS was tested in a universal testing machine (Instron) before and after 90 days of water storage and 20,000 thermal cycles (dwell time, 15 seconds). Statistical analysis was performed using a multifactorial ANOVA model with alpha=.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean SBS ranged from 10.1 to 20.0 MPa after 3 days and from 0.16 to 14.8 MPa after thermal cycling. Thermal cycling decreased SBS significantly. Airborne-particle abrasion significantly decreased SBS to the modified surface, regardless of cements used. SBS to the modified zirconia surface was significantly higher than to the machined surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SBS to the modified zirconia surface is higher than to airborne-particle-abraded, machined zirconia. Airborne-particle abrasion of the modified zirconia surface is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4905, USA. jin-ho.phark@case.edu
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phark
authors.forename: Sillas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blatz
authors.forename: Avishai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadan
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C483701:Rely X Unicem; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide