title: SCRAM: A scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes. Part III: Acute and subchronic or chronic toxicity.
abstract: In Part I of this series (Snyder: et al., 1999a), the Chemical Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model (SCRAM) was introduced. This system produces scores for chemicals based on their bioaccumulation potential, environmental persistence, and toxicity. In Part II, scoring of the potential for a chemical to persist in the environment and bioaccumulate was described (Snyder et al., 1999b). In Part III, scoring of chemical toxicity is discussed, including definitions and descriptions of effects that are scored, specific scoring instructions, the basis for the criteria and scores, and specific conditions or concerns regarding the types of data used for scoring. A score for each chemical screened is determined from available test data from acute or subchronic and chronic toxicity tests conducted on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Subchronic and chronic human health effects, including carcinogenicity, are also considered. Part IV includes an evaluation of the performance of the scoring and ranking system (Snyder: et al., 1999c).
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Zoology, Michigan State University, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center and Institute of Environmental Toxicology, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Blonde
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hurlburt
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Summer
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bush