title: T-cell-derived cytokines, nitric oxide production by peripheral blood monocytes and seric anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi IgG subclass patterns following immunization against canine visceral leishmaniasis using Leishvaccine and Leishmune.
abstract: It is generally accepted that distinct cytokine expression by the cellular immune response plays a critical role during the outcome of experimental as well as natural canine visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Despite the fact that immunoprophylaxis of CVL has become an important control strategy and protective immunity has been reported upon immunization with whole as well as purified Leishmania antigens, the cytokine profile of T-cells triggered by anti-CVL vaccines still remain to be determined. Herein, we have developed a cross-sectional analysis of German Shepherd dogs submitted to vaccination protocols with Leishvaccine (n=6) and Leishmune (n=6). Our data identified distinct immunological profiles elicited by Leishvaccine and Leishmune, with the Leishvaccine triggering a mixed, IFN-gamma and IL-4, cytokine pattern in addition to high levels of anti-Leishmania IgG1, whereas the Leishmune induced an immunological pattern characterized by enhanced levels of IFN-gamma, NO and anti-Leishmania chagasi IgG2. It was important to notice that despite the distinct immunological patterns triggered by Leishvaccine and Leishmune, the ability of both immunobiologicals to activate T-cell-derived IFN-gamma synthesis further suggesting their immunogenic potential against CVL. These findings added support to our hypothesis that both antigenic composition (whole antigen in Leishvaccine versus purified antigen in Leishmune) as well as the adjuvant nature (BGC and saponin) used for the vaccine formulation may count for the distinct activation pattern observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Sobreira Silva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Renata Aline
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sathler-Avelar
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.forename: Mariléia Chaves
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Leonardo Rocha
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayrink
authors.forename: Alexandre Barbosa
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Luiz Cosme Cotta
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Malaquias
authors.forename: Maria Norma
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Olindo Assis
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines; D009569:Nitric Oxide