title: Using frequency-doubling perimetry to detect optic neuropathy in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to test the ability of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with DON and 15 healthy control eyes were studied. Eligible eyes had a diagnosis of DON based on visual field abnormalities on standard automated perimetry and had visual acuity better than 20/30. FDT testing was performed using both the C-20-5 screening test and the C-20 full-threshold test. Normal and DON eyes were compared with regard to FDT mean sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity ranges were 40.0%-86.7% for the screening test, and 53.3%-100.0% (total deviation) and 20.0-93.3 (pattern deviation) for the C-20 threshold test. The corresponding specificity ranges were 86.7-100.0, 33.3-93.3, and 26.7-100.0, respectively. The best sensitivity/specificity ratios were for one abnormal point depressed <5% in the screening test (86.7%/86.7%), one point depressed <1% in the total deviation analysis (80.0%/86.7%), and one point depressed <2% in the pattern deviation analysis (80.0%/86.7%). DON eyes presented significantly lower than normal average sensitivity in the central, pericentral, and peripheral areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDT perimetry is a useful screening tool for DON in eyes with normal or only slightly reduced visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. mlrmonteiro@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Mário L R
authors.initials: MLR
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André L F
authors.initials: ALF
authors.lastname: Portes
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dina B W
authors.initials: DBW
authors.lastname: Regensteiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields