title: Chlorella powder inhibits the activities of peptidase cathepsin S, PLA2, cyclooxygenase-2, thromboxane synthase, tyrosine phosphatases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme, calpain and kinases.
abstract: A Chlorella powder was tested in 118 in vitro enzyme assay systems. The powder showed potent inhibitions of peptidase cathepsin S, thromboxane A(2) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in a dose-concentration manner with IC(50)+/-standard error of the mean values of 3.46+/-0.93 microg/ml, 3.23+/-0.69 microg/ml, and 44.26+/-9.98 microg/ml, respectively. Other activities observed were inhibitions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme, protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2), calpain, protein kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Chlorella powder had no significant effect on cyclooxygenase-1. These actions to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane synthase could contribute to the purported anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects of Chlorella. These results reveal important potential biochemical activities to be developed that, if confirmed by in vivo studies, might be exploited for the prevention or treatment of several serious pathologies, including inflammatory diseases, immune and cancer.
authors.affiliation: MDS Pharma Services Taiwan, Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fong-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jin-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsin
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hideyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takekoshi
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naoki
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimoda
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002708:Chlorella; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D028321:Plant Preparations; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; C516287:PLA2G2A protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D002403:Cathepsins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D002154:Calpain; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase