title: Lipopolysaccharide induces inhibition of galactose intestinal transport in rabbits in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies from our laboratory have revealed impaired intestinal absorption of D-galactose in lipopolysaccharide-treated rabbits. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of LPS on D-galactose intestinal absorption in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  D-galactose intestinal transport was assessed employing three techniques: sugar uptake in rings of everted jejunum, transepithelial flux in Ussing-type chambers and transport assays in brush border membrane vesicles. The level of expression of the Na(+)/D-galactose cotransporter (SGLT1) was analyzed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS decreased the mucosal D-galactose transport in rabbit jejunum but a preexposition to the endotoxin was required. LPS affected the Na(+)-dependent transport system by increasing the apparent Km value without affecting the Vmax. It also decreased the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. However, it did not inhibit neither the uptake of D-galactose by brush border membrane vesicles nor modified the SGLT1 protein levels in the brush border, suggesting an indirect endotoxin effect. This inhibitory effect, was reduced by selective inhibitors of Ca(2+)-calmodulin (W13), protein kinase C (GF 109203X), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB 203580), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SP 600125) and mitogen extracellular kinase (U 0126).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPS inhibits the mucosal Na(+)-dependent D-galactose intestinal absorption and the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity when it is added to the tissue. Intracellular processes related to protein kinases seem to be implicated in the endotoxin effect.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pharmacology and Physiology, Physiology Unit, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amador
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marca
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Herrera
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lostao
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Osada
authors.forename: M Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Yoldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium; D005690:Galactose