title: Polymorphism in the promoter region of the klotho gene (G-395A) is associated with early dysfunction in vascular access in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular access dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recent studies have shown that a klotho gene mutation is related to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis, which are regarded as causes of vascular access dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between the klotho G-395A polymorphism and early dysfunction in vascular access in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent vascular access operations between 1999 and 2002 were enrolled (n=126). Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination using a 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction assay. Clinical data that could be relevant to access dysfunction were obtained from medical records. Early dysfunction of vascular access was defined as the need for any angioplastic or surgical intervention to correct or replace a poorly or nonfunctioning vascular access within 1 year and at least 8 weeks after initial access placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 126 patients, the genotype frequency of G-395A was 72.2% for GG (n=91), 24.6% for GA (n=31), and 3.2% for AA (n=4), and the frequency of minor allele was 0.155. Clinical data were similar between the two groups, divided according to the status of the A allele. Early dysfunction occurred in 34 (27.0%) of patients, but it occurred at a significantly higher rate in A allele carriers (45.7%, 16/35) than in noncarriers (19.8%, 18/91; p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the klotho G-395A polymorphism could be a risk factor for early dysfunction of vascular access in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hyung Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Rim
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung Gyun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jang Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ja Ryong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hyung Jik
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins