title: Plasma cytokines and chemokines in primary graft dysfunction post-lung transplantation.
abstract: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation causes significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the role of cytokines and chemokines in PGD. This is a multicenter case-control study of PGD in humans. A Luminex analysis was performed to determine plasma levels of 25 chemokines and cytokines before and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h following allograft reperfusion in 25 cases (grade 3 PGD) and 25 controls (grade 0 PGD). Biomarker profiles were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. PGD cases had higher levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and interferon (IFN)-inducible protein (IP-10)/chemokine CXC motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) (both p < 0.05), suggesting recruitment of monocytes and effector T cells in PGD. In addition, PGD cases had lower levels of interleukin (IL-13) (p = 0.05) and higher levels of IL-2R (p = 0.05). Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IFN-gamma decreased to very low levels after transplant in both PGD cases and controls, exhibiting no differences between the two groups. These findings were independent of clinical variables including diagnosis in multivariable analyses, but may be affected by cardiopulmonary bypass. Profound injury in clinical PGD is distinguished by the upregulation of selected chemokine pathways, which may useful for the prediction or early detection of PGD if confirmed in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Ahya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pochettino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olthoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaked
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Lama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milstone
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinacker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellamy
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kawut
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055031:Primary Graft Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators