title: Effects of conventional physical therapy and functional strength training on upper limb motor recovery after stroke: a randomized phase II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional training and muscle strength training may improve upper limb motor recovery after stroke. Combining these as functional strength training (FST) might enhance the benefit, but it is unclear whether this is better than conventional physical therapy (CPT). Comparing FST with CPT is not straightforward.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at assessing the feasibility of conducting a phase III trial comparing CPT with FST for upper limb recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, observer-blind, phase II trial. Subjects had upper limb weakness within 3 months of anterior circulation infarction. Subjects were randomized to CPT (no extra therapy), CPT + CPT, and CPT + FST. Intervention lasted 6 weeks. Primary outcome measure was the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Measurements were taken before treatment began, after 6 weeks of intervention, and 12 weeks thereafter. Attrition rate was calculated and differences between groups were interpreted using descriptive statistics. ARAT data were used to inform a power calculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty subjects were recruited (8% of people screened). Attrition rate was 6.7% at outcome and 40% at follow-up. At outcome the CPT + FST group showed the largest increase in ARAT score and this was above the clinically important level of 5.7 points. Median (interquartile range) increases were 11.5 (21.0) for CPT; 8.0 (13.3) for CPT + CPT; and 19.5 (22.0) for CPT + FST. The estimated sample size for an adequately powered subsequent phase III trial was 279 subjects at outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further work toward a phase III clinical trial appears justifiable.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Development Sciences, St George's University London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tallis
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lemon
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome