title: Human prostate supports more efficient replication of HIV-1 R5 than X4 strains ex vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to determine whether human prostate can be productively infected by HIV-1 strains with different tropism, and thus represent a potential source of HIV in semen, an organotypic culture of prostate from men undergoing prostatic adenomectomy for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) was developed. The presence of potential HIV target cells in prostate tissues was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The infection of prostate explants following exposures with HIV-1 R5, R5X4 and X4 strains was analyzed through the measure of RT activity in culture supernatants, the quantification of HIV DNA in the explants and the detection of HIV RNA+ cells in situ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prostate characteristics were retained for 21/2 weeks in culture. Numerous potential HIV-1 target cells were detected in the prostate stroma. Whilst HIV-1 R5SF162 strain consistently productively infected prostatic T lymphocytes and macrophages, the prototypic X4IIIB strain and a primary R5X4 strain showed less efficient replication in this organ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BPH prostate is a site of HIV-1 R5 replication that could contribute virus to semen. A limited spreading of HIV-1 X4 and R5X4 in this organ could participate to the preferential sexual transmission of HIV-1 R5 strains.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U625, Rennes, France. anna.le_tortorec@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Tortorec
authors.forename: Anne-Pascale
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Satie
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rioux-Leclercq
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Havard
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruffault
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dejucq-Rainsford
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication