Developing an HIV cytotoxic T-lymphocyte vaccine: issues of CD8 T-cell quantity, quality and location.
Issues of quantity, quality and location impact the ability of CD8 T cells to mediate protection from infection. These issues are considered in light of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccination. Methods are reviewed that result in 100- to 1000-fold higher frequencies of vaccine-specific memory CD8 T cells than that achieved by current HIV/SIV vaccine approaches. Data demonstrating that location within mucosal tissues has a direct impact on memory CD8 T-cell function are discussed. Arguments are made that establishing memory CD8 T cells within mucosal sites of transmission, a priori to natural infection, may be essential for conferring optimal and rapid protection. Lastly, it is proposed that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with recombinant live replicating vectors, which has the potential to induce tremendous numbers of cytolytic memory CD8 T cells within mucosal tissues, would provide a far more stringent test of the hypothesis that memory CD8 T cells could, in principal, form the basis for a preventative HIV vaccine.
Masopust
D
D
Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. masopust@umn.edu
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines