title: Ketamine and xylazine combinations for short-term immobilization of wild variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus).
abstract: Collection of biological samples from pteropid bats requires chemical restraint of the bats to minimize risks to humans and stress to the bat. The effectiveness of an intravenous combination of ketamine and xylazine for short-term restraint of wild-caught variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) in a field situation was evaluated. Eight adult male variable flying foxes were injected intravenously with 0.1 ml of ketamine and xylaxine containing 5 mg of ketamine and 1 mg of xylazine. The mean induction time was 80 +/- 20 sec, and mean immobilization time was 26 +/- 10 min. The ketamine-xylazine combination used in this study produced effective short-term immobilization of wild variable flying foxes for the collection of biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, Department ctf Veterinary Services, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. sohayati@jphvri.gov.my
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sohayati
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zaini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siti Suri
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daszak
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sharifah
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine