title: Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alteration of immune function may be associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and this study reveals the immunoregulatory effect of Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF).
  
  
  METHODS
  CF rats were induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming for 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An atrophied spleen associated with a significantly decreased spleen/body weight ratio and a reduced spleen cells proliferation was found in CF rats when compared with home cage controls. AMF given orally at 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight once a day consecutively for 6 weeks could recover the reduced cell proliferation. A switch to Th1-dominated immune regulation was observed in CF rats as the cultured splenocytes produced more interleukin-2 (IL-2) but less IL-4 when compared with controls. Supplementation with AMF could significantly counteract the aberrant cytokine production and rats received AMF exhibited higher endurance capacity to swim when compared with those without AMF administration. Checking the spectrum signals confirmed that the three major isoflavones contained in AMF were ononin, formononetin, and demethylhomopterocarpin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations of immune function may be associated with CFS and the tonic effects of AMF against CF may be attributable to balance the abnormal cytokine level by isoflavones.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yao-Haur
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Wei-Jern
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Soy-Hwee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: Tian-Shung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015847:Interleukin-4