title: Etonogestrel implant in women with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of etonogestrel implant on the control of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on the progression of vascular complications in diabetic women treated with insulin, and to assess the acceptability of this modality of contraception in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective-observational study of 23 women with insulin-treated diabetes. Clinical and metabolic evaluation was performed before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after implant insertion. Changes from baseline were compared using the mixed effects models or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes in BMI, in daily insulin requirement and in mean HbA1c. There was a significant reduction of total serum cholesterol (TC) at 6 and 12 months, of triglyceride levels at 6, 12 and 24 months, and of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at 6, 12 and 24 months. Neither the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels nor the HDL/TC ratio changed. Albuminuria decreased significantly at 12 and 24 months. No deterioration of the retina was observed over the study period. Amenorrhoea and infrequent bleeding were the most common menstrual bleeding patterns. One woman discontinued the method due to frequent bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence of impaired control of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism or aggravation of vascular lesions during the two years an etonogestrel implant was used by diabetic women.
authors.affiliation: Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal. lisa.ferreiravicente@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dingle
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: J Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boavida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D017135:Desogestrel; D004343:Drug Implants; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C044815:etonogestrel