Nampt: linking NAD biology, metabolism and cancer.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) converts nicotinamide to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) intermediate. Previously identified as a cytokine pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor and controversially claimed as an insulin-mimetic hormone visfatin, Nampt has recently drawn much attention in several fields, including NAD biology, metabolism and inflammation. As a NAD biosynthetic enzyme, Nampt regulates the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and influences a variety of metabolic and stress responses. Nampt also plays an important part in regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Nampt seems to have another function as an immunomodulatory cytokine and, therefore, has a role in inflammation. This review summarizes these various functional aspects of Nampt and discusses its potential roles in diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer.
Garten
Antje
A
University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Research Laboratory, Oststr. 21-25, 04317 Leipzig, Germany. antje.garten@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Petzold
Stefanie
S
Körner
Antje
A
Imai
Shin-Ichiro
S
Kiess
Wieland
W
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D009243:NAD; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase