title: Endometrial osseous metaplasia mimicking retained intrauterine device: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare disorder and can be associated with infertility. Although successful diagnosis and treatment have been widely reported, correct diagnosis in many cases still represents a challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40-year-old woman complaining of infertility presented with a diagnosis of retained intrauterine device (IUD) on ultrasound. Hysteroscopy revealed a normal endometrial cavity, but no IUD was visualized. Curettage pathology specimens showed chronic endometritis and calcification. Repeat hysteroscopy was performed because of persistent echogenic foci in the endometrium on follow-up ultrasound. Several irregular and calcified plaques were successfully removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osseous metaplasia can be misdiagnosed because of its rare incidence. Physicians should be aware of osseous metaplasia in the differential diagnosis of patients with uncertain history who present with a sonographic image resembling an IUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. ming.tsai@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Ming C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arunamata
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tristan
authors.forename: Hugh W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Randall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography