title: Framework for performance evaluation of face, text, and vehicle detection and tracking in video: data, metrics, and protocol.
abstract: Common benchmark data sets, standardized performance metrics, and baseline algorithms have demonstrated considerable impact on research and development in a variety of application domains. These resources provide both consumers and developers of technology with a common framework to objectively compare the performance of different algorithms and algorithmic improvements. In this paper, we present such a framework for evaluating object detection and tracking in video: specifically for face, text, and vehicle objects. This framework includes the source video data, ground-truth annotations (along with guidelines for annotation), performance metrics, evaluation protocols, and tools including scoring software and baseline algorithms. For each detection and tracking task and supported domain, we developed a 50-clip training set and a 50-clip test set. Each data clip is approximately 2.5 minutes long and has been completely spatially/temporally annotated at the I-frame level. Each task/domain, therefore, has an associated annotated corpus of approximately 450,000 frames. The scope of such annotation is unprecedented and was designed to begin to support the necessary quantities of data for robust machine learning approaches, as well as a statistically significant comparison of the performance of algorithms. The goal of this work was to systematically address the challenges of object detection and tracking through a common evaluation framework that permits a meaningful objective comparison of techniques, provides the research community with sufficient data for the exploration of automatic modeling techniques, encourages the incorporation of objective evaluation into the development process, and contributes useful lasting resources of a scale and magnitude that will prove to be extremely useful to the computer vision research community for years to come.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5399, USA. rlk@cse.udf.edu
authors.forename: Rangachar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasturi
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldgof
authors.forename: Padmanabhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
authors.forename: Vasant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garofolo
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korzhova
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000145:classification*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*