title: Systems biology analysis of Sjögren's syndrome and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in parotid glands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify key target genes and activated signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by conducting a systems analysis of parotid glands manifesting primary SS or primary SS/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systems biology approach was used to analyze parotid gland tissue samples obtained from patients with primary SS, patients with primary SS/MALT lymphoma, and subjects without primary SS (non-primary SS controls). The tissue samples were assessed concurrently by gene-expression microarray profiling and proteomics analysis, followed by weighted gene-coexpression network analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene-coexpression modules related to primary SS and primary SS/MALT lymphoma were significantly enriched with genes known to be involved in the immune/defense response, apoptosis, cell signaling, gene regulation, and oxidative stress. Detailed functional pathway analyses indicated that primary SS-associated modules were enriched with genes involved in proteasome degradation, apoptosis, signal peptides of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC), complement activation, cell growth and death, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion, while primary SS/MALT lymphoma-associated modules were enriched with genes involved in translation, ribosome biogenesis and assembly, proteasome degradation, class I MHC signal peptides, the G13 signaling pathway, complement activation, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Combined analyses of gene expression and proteomics data implicated 6 highly connected "hub" genes for distinguishing primary SS from non-primary SS, and 8 hub genes for distinguishing primary SS/MALT lymphoma from primary SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systems biology analyses of the parotid glands from patients with primary SS and those with primary SS/MALT lymphoma revealed pathways and molecular targets associated with disease pathogenesis. The identified gene modules/pathways provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of primary SS and primary SS/MALT lymphoma. The identified disease-hub genes represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention, diagnosis, and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: University of California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorr
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.forename: Fred K L
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Spijkervet
authors.forename: Hendrika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bootsma
authors.forename: Cees G M
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kallenberg
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vissink
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000235:genetics*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000502:physiology; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D040901:Proteomics; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D049490:Systems Biology