title: Stem cell marker expression and proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Vascular endothelial Flt-1 and other stem cell markers are variably expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during normal and pathological conditions, but their biological role remains uncertain. In normal rat aorta, rare flt-1+ and c-kit+ SMCs were detected. Fifteen days after injury, 61.8 +/- 3.8, 45.7 +/- 3% of the intimal cells resulted flt-1+ and c-kit+ and expressed low level of alpha-smooth muscle actin; CD133+ cells were 5.6 +/- 0.7%. BrDU+/flt-1+ largely predominated in the neointima, whereas BrDU+/CD133+ cells were rare. Forty-five and sixty days after injury, intimal proliferation such as BrDU+ cells was greatly reduced. After sixty days, intimal stem marker expression had almost disappeared whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin was restored. Flk-1 and Oct-4 SMC immunodection was consistently negative. In vitro, intimal cells obtained fifteen days after injury exhibited an epithelioid phenotype and increased flt-1 and c-kit protein and mRNA and low smooth muscle markers compared to spindle-shaped medial and intimal SMCs obtained after sixty days. Epithelioid clones, independently from layer of origin, were similar in stem cell marker expression. The anti-flt-1 blocking antibody added to epithelioid SMC cultures reduced serum-deprived apoptosis and migration but not PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, and increased cell-populated collagen lattice contraction. In conclusion, vascular SMC stem marker expression was variable, chronologically modulated and prevalent in epithelioid populations and clones; among stem markers, flt-1 expression critically regulates intimal SMC response to microenviromental changes.
authors.affiliation: Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy. orlandi@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lascio
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francesconi
authors.forename: Maria Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Scioli
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arcuri
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlosio
authors.forename: Luigi Giusto
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000199:Actins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides; C000606025:Prom1 protein, rat; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; C501164:Flt1 protein, rat; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine