title: Risk factors for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection: a 1073-patient study.
abstract: We intended to evaluate the risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) with central venous (CV) catheters. For the hub of the CV line, we used three-way stopcocks in the first year of the study and closed needleless connectors (NCs) in the second year. Background factors included the age and sex of patients; the ward; the specialty service; the CV catheter and its days of placement; and the staff compounding the intravenous infusion, i.e., either nurses, who disinfect hands-free, or pharmacists using clean benches. Outcome factors included positive culture from the blood-related samples and the body temperature estimate. Of a total of 29 221 device-days in 1073 patients, positive cultures showed an overall incidence of 2.26 per 1000 device-days. Multivariate analysis showed a higher odds ratio of positive cultures for the ICU (odds ratio [OR], 4.415; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.054-9.490]) and for CV catheter placement for more than 30 days (OR, 7.529; 95% CI, 4.279-13.247), but no significance for male sex (OR, 1.752; 95% CI, 0.984-3.119) or for pharmacists' compounding (OR, 2.150; 95% CI, 0.974-4.749). Univariate analysis showed no significance for the following factors: age more than 70 years (OR, 0.968; 95% CI 0.561-1.641), the surgery service (OR, 1.029; 95% CI, 0.582-1.818), double-lumen CV catheters (OR, 0.841; 95% CI, 0.465-1.521), or the NC (1.107; 95% CI, 0.673-1.821). We conclude that the theoretical benefit of the NC, the abolished dead space in the hub, contributed little to the outcomes of blood-related culture. The hands-free disinfection may have resulted in comparable odds ratios for the nurses and the pharmacists compounding the infusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shimonoseki City Central Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan. yoshidaj@uicalumni.org
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors