title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in penile cancer: a comparative study using modified inguinal dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the case of clinically negative inguinal regions in penile cancer, the treatments proposed might vary from careful observation to radical dissection for all patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of the sentinel lymph node biopsy using lymphoscintigraphy in patients with penile cancer and at least one negative inguinal region.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 18 patients, biopsy of the sentinel lymph node from the 32 negative inguinal regions and modified radical lymphadenectomy in these regions regardless of the biopsy results was performed. Clinical staging, pathological results of the sentinel and the other lymph nodes removed during lymphadenectomy, tumor behavior, local and inguinal recurrence and specific disease mortality were accessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study sample was 57.7 years (44 - 81 years) and the sentinel lymph node presented 0% false negative 66% sensitivity, and 79.3% specificity when compared with the modified inguinal lymphadenectomy as the gold standard treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a feasible method of assessing the presence of regional metastasis in patients with penile cancer and clinically negative inguinal regions. However, the optimal lymphoscintigraphy technique is still in evolution and requires further optimization at high volume centers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Marco A V
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Leonardo O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prudente
authors.forename: Wagner E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Matheus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*