title: Frequent international travel by men who have sex with men recently diagnosed with HIV-1: potential for transmission of primary HIV-1 drug resistance.
abstract: We assessed the potential for international transmission of primary drug resistance among men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 64) during the period in which they were unaware of their infection. During their exposure period, 55% of participants lived or traveled outside of the United States, and 59% had foreign-born sexual partners. Eighteen participants (28%) were classified as recently infected with HIV. Primary HIV-1 drug resistance was detected in eight participants (13%), four of whom were recently infected. Given the high frequency of international travel and prevalence of primary HIV-1 drug resistance among study participants, prevention strategies should incorporate specific counseling on risk of cross-border transmission.
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. Hong-Ha.Truong@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Hong M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kellogg
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: Viva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Houston
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents