title: What controls the timing of puberty? An update on progress from genetic investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Puberty is an important developmental stage during which reproductive capacity is attained. Genetic and environmental factors both influence the timing of puberty, which varies greatly among individuals. However, although genetic variation is known to influence the normal spectrum of pubertal timing, the specific genes involved remain unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent genetic analyses have identified a number of genes responsible for rare disorders of pubertal timing such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. However, although the genetic basis of population variation in the timing of puberty is an active area of investigation, no genetic loci have been reproducibly associated with pubertal timing thus far.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review provides an update of the genes implicated in disorders of puberty, discusses genes and pathways that may be involved in the timing of normal puberty, and suggests additional avenues of investigation to identify genetic regulators of puberty in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Zofia Kz
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Gajdos
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Palmert
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004777:Environment; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D042341:Gonadal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000235:genetics; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011628:Puberty, Delayed / Q000235:genetics; D044469:Racial Groups
chemical_list: D042341:Gonadal Hormones