title: Can rate of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis be explained by clinical and MRI characteristics?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized, besides focal lesions, by brain atrophy. The determinants of atrophy rates in individual patients are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the predictive value of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) factors, including short-term changes thereof, for concurrent and future atrophy evolution using Spearman's rank correlations and stepwise multiple linear regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified a group of 115 active, early relapsing-remitting (RR) patients relatively homogeneous in terms of disease course and MRI activity compared to a second group of 96 patients with broader spectrum of MS phenotypes and inactive scans. All patients had undergone three MRI investigations with interscan intervals of at least 12 and 24 months, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the RR patients, 23% of variance in concurrent atrophy rates (over the first interval) could be explained by the combination of baseline T2 lesion volume and change in EDSS score over the first interval, whereas only 6% in future atrophy rates (over the second interval) was explained. In the heterogeneous group, 20.2% of the variance in future atrophy rates could be explained, but slightly less in concurrent atrophy rates (16.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that variance in brain atrophy rates can partially be explained by clinical and MRI measures of disease. Future atrophy rates in individual MS patients are difficult to predict even when including previous atrophy rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. T.Korteweg@vumc.nl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korteweg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Neacsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uitdehaag
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrenken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000473:pathology*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies