title: Excessive use of force by police: a survey of academic emergency physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical experience, management and training of emergency physicians in the suspected use of excessive force by law enforcement officers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were mailed to a random sample of academic emergency physicians in the USA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 393 emergency physicians surveyed, 315 (80.2%) responded. Of the respondents, 99.8% (95% CI 98.2% to 100.0%) believed excessive use of force actually occurs and 97.8% (95% CI 95.5% to 99.1%) replied that they had managed patients with suspected excessive use of force. These incidents were not reported by 71.2% (95% CI 65.6% to 76.4%) of respondents, 96.5% (95% CI 93.8% to 98.2%) had no departmental policies and 93.7% (95% CI 90.4% to 96.1%) had not received training in the management of these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suspected excessive use of force is encountered by academic emergency physicians in the USA. There is only limited training or policies for the management of these cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anglin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Kyriacou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guirguis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult