title: Cine-MRI swallowing evaluation after tongue reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of cine-MRI for non-invasive swallowing evaluation after surgery for lingual carcinoma with reconstruction using microvascular free flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with stage IV carcinoma of the mobile tongue and/or tongue base treated by surgical resection and reconstruction with a free flap were evaluated after an average of 4.3 years (range: 1.5-11 years), using cine-MRI in "single-shot fast spin echo" (SSFSE) mode. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy of swallowing was performed before MRI to detect aspiration. The tolerance and ability to complete the exam were noted. The mobilities of the oral and pharyngeal structures visualized were evaluated as normal, reduced or increased.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cine-MRI was well tolerated in all cases; "dry" swallow was performed for the 2 patients with clinical aspiration. Tongue base-pharyngeal wall contact was observed in 5 cases. An increased anterior tongue recoil, increased mandibular recoil, increased posterior oropharyngeal wall advancement and an increased laryngeal elevation were observed in 4 cases. One case of a passive "slide" mechanism was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cine-MRI is a safe, non-invasive technique for the evaluation of the mobility of oral and oropharyngeal structures after free-flap reconstruction of the tongue. For selected cases, it may be complementary to clinical examination for evaluation of dysphagia after surgery and free-flap reconstruction. Further technical advances will be necessary before cine-MRI can replace videofluoroscopy, however.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France. dmhartl@aol.com
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bretagne
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bidault
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sigal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome