title: Fungal and bacterial killing by neutrophils.
abstract: Neutrophils are professional phagocytes of the innate immune system that are essential to control bacterial and fungal infections. These cells engulf and kill invading microbes. Additionally, activated neutrophils are able to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These fibers consist of chromatin decorated with antimicrobial proteins to trap and kill microbes. Appropriate quantitative methods are required to understand the nature of interactions of neutrophils with pathogens. Here we present assays to measure killing mediated by phagocytosis, by NETs, by a combination of both, and by granular extract. As examples, we use Candida albicans for fungal and Shigella flexneri for bacterial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ermert
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zychlinsky
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity