title: Influence of domperidone on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the dopamine agonist rotigotine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotigotine transdermal patch is a new non-ergolinic dopamine agonist developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. Peripheral dopaminergic side-effects of dopamine agonists such as nausea and vomiting can be prevented by the antiemetic agent domperidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results show no evidence for an interaction of domperidone on bioavailability and steady-state pharmacokinetics of transdermal rotigotine. Co-administration of domperidone and rotigotine does not require dose adjustments for rotigotine transdermal patch.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the antiemetic agent domperidone on steady-state pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of multiple-dose treatment of the transdermally applied non-ergolinic dopamine agonist rotigotine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 30.3 years) participated in a randomized, two-way crossover clinical trial. Treatment A consisted of transdermal rotigotine patch (2 mg (24 h)(-1), 10 cm(2), total drug content 4.5 mg) applied daily for 4 days, and concomitant oral domperidone (10 mg t.i.d.) for 5 days. For treatment B, subjects received only transdermal rotigotine treatment (daily for 4 days). Pharmacokinetic variables describing systemic exposure and renal elimination of rotigotine and metabolites, and safety and tolerability of the treatment were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max,ss) and AUC((0-24),ss)) were similar with or without co-administration of domperidone. Geometric mean ratios were close to 1 and respective 90% confidence intervals were within the acceptance range of bioequivalence (0.8, 1.25): C(max,ss) 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) and AUC((0-24),ss) 0.97 (0.87, 1.08). t(max,ss), t(1/2), secondary parameters calculated on days 4/5 after repeated patch application (C(min,ss), C(ave,ss), AUC((0-tz))) and renal elimination for unconjugated rotigotine and its metabolites were also similar with and without comedication of domperidone. A reduction in the dopaminergic side-effect nausea was seen with domperidone comedication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No changes of pharmacokinetic parameters describing systemic exposure and renal elimination of rotigotine were observed when domperidone was administered concomitantly with rotigotine. The lack of pharmacokinetic interactions indicates that a dose adjustment of rotigotine transdermal patch is not necessary with concomitant use of domperidone.
authors.affiliation: Global Clinical Pharmacology, Global Exploratory Development, Schwarz Biosciences GmbH, UCB-Group, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 10, Monheim am Rhein, Germany. marina.braun@ucb-group.com
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cawello
authors.forename: Hilmar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boekens
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horstmann
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004294:Domperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D013876:Thiophenes; D004294:Domperidone; C047508:rotigotine