Alterations in voluntary movement execution in Huntington's disease are related to the dominant motor system: evidence from event-related potentials.
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurogenetic disorder leading to striatal atrophy, characterized by involuntary movements. Voluntary movements also deteriorate, but the neurophysiological mechanisms are less understood. We investigated voluntary movement execution and its neural correlates by means of movement-related potentials (MRPs) in symptomatic HD (HD), presymptomatic HD (pHD) and controls. Reaction times (RTs) revealed hand differences in controls and HD, but not in pHDs. Response-locked MRPs above the contralateral primary motor area (M1) were similar across all groups. Yet, the HD-group showed, selectively for the right hand, a second contralateral (left) activation after the response, followed by similar activation over the ipsilateral (right) motor area, which is normally inhibited. Similarly parietal processes were reversed for right hand movements. In strong contrast, pHDs showed an increased inhibition of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The results suggest modulations of inhibitory processes in HD dependent on disease stage. Importantly, these modulations occur after the response and are restricted to right-hand responses, or the dominant motor system (left hemisphere). Since also cognitive processes preceding the MRPs changed, the results suggest a cognitive contribution to the emergence of voluntary movement dysfunction. The pattern in the pHD-group, namely an increased inhibition of the ipsilateral hemisphere and similar RTs between the hands suggest compensatory mechanisms in presymptomatic stages of the disease. Despite neurophysiological alterations originating in the dominant left hemisphere in HDs, they also affect the right hemisphere, probably due to a dysfunction in interhemispheric inhibition in HD.
Beste
Christian
C
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Dortmund, Germany. beste@ifado.de
Konrad
Carsten
C
Saft
Carsten
C
Ukas
Tim
T
Andrich
Jürgen
J
Pfleiderer
Bettina
B
Hausmann
Markus
M
Falkenstein
Michael
M
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*