Cytokines and myocardial regeneration: a novel treatment option for acute myocardial infarction.
The regenerative capacity of the myocardium and its blood vessels has now been well demonstrated. The cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and stem cell factor may play a role in helping to stimulate cell regeneration under normal physiologic conditions and in patients with myocardial injury. After an ischemic insult, cytokines are released into the peripheral circulation and signal for the mobilization of stem cells. In experimental cardiac injury models, the addition of cytokines has been shown to improve myocardial function with and without the concurrent use of stem cell therapy. Preliminary studies in humans using cytokine therapy alone for treating myocardial infarction have been disappointing. Future studies in patients with myocardial injury need to examine the use of various combinations of cytokines, with and without the addition of intravascular stem cell infusions or direct stem cell injections.
Srinivas
Guruprasad
G
Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
Anversa
Piero
P
Frishman
William H
WH
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
D016207:Cytokines