title: Rhesus macaque embryos derived from MI oocytes maturing after retrieval display high rates of chromosomal anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhesus macaque and human preimplantation embryos display similar rates of chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine whether embryos developing from MI oocytes that mature post-retrieval display more chromosomal anomalies than those embryos that are generated from oocytes that are at MII at the time of retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rhesus macaque oocytes were obtained after hormonal ovarian stimulation. Immediately after retrieval, the oocytes were classified according to their maturational status. Following in vitro fertilization, Day 3 embryos with good morphology and development derived from oocytes maturing post-retrieval and those from oocytes that were mature at the time of retrieval were cytogenetically assessed using a five-color fluorescent in situ fluorescent hybridization assay developed for rhesus macaque chromosomes homologous to human chromosomes 13, 16, 18, X and Y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blastomeres from 53 embryos were analyzed. Of the 27 embryos that developed from oocytes that were mature at collection, 18 embryos were chromosomally normal (66.7%), while from the 26 embryos that developed from oocytes that matured post-retrieval, only 9 embryos were chromosomally normal (34.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that embryos developing from oocytes maturing post-retrieval display high rates of chromosomal abnormalities and have therefore a reduced developmental competence. As a result, the clinical relevance of using immature oocytes that are retrieved after stimulated cycles in human IVF warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. cdupont@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Cathérine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bavister
authors.forename: D Randall
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Armant
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000254:growth & development*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013045:Species Specificity