title: Long-term clinical outcome in patients with stage-I nonseminomatous germ cell cancer. A critical review of own treatment modalities in a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal management of patients with clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer (NSGCT I) was considered controversial until the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group determined unambiguous treatment strategies. In order to assess the long-term outcome we evaluated the data of patients with NSGCT I.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective evaluation, we included 52 patients with a mean age of 26 years (range 15-58) who were treated with different modalities at our department between 1989 and 2003. Mean follow-up was 5.9 years (range 2-14 years). After orchiectomy, 39 patients were treated with chemotherapy, 7 patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and 6 men were managed using a surveillance strategy. Survival, recurrence rate and time of recurrence were evaluated. The histological staging and treatment modality was related to the relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor specific overall mortality was 3.8%. The mortality and relapse rate of the surveillance strategy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and chemotherapy was 16.7% / 50%, 14.3% / 14.3% and 0% / 2.5% respectively. All relapsed patients in the surveillance group as well as in the RPLND group had at least one risk factor for developing metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following the European consensus on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer in patients with NSGCT Stage I any treatment decision must be individually related to the patient according to prognostic factors and care capacity of the treating centre. In case of doubt, adjuvant chemotherapy should be the treatment of choice, as it provides the lowest risk of relapse or tumor related death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Georg-August-University, Gottingen, Germany. srebman@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seseke
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bierwirth
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Rolf-Hermann
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ringert
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seseke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult