Epistaxis simulator: an innovative design.
BACKGROUND
This article provides directions for creating a cost-effective epistaxis simulator using an existing CPR Trainer and expired medical supplies.


METHODS
An epistaxis simulator was created and presented to attending Emergency Medicine physician-educators at Evanston Northwestern Healthcare as an adjunct for procedural training. The materials and methods for making the nosebleed simulator are outlined in this article.


RESULTS
We created an epistaxis model utilizing an older CPR Trainer, i.v. tubing, and a bag of normal saline. The model provided realistic epistaxis. This simulator is able to simulate a nosebleed's response to proper positioning of nasal packing by creating hemostasis.


CONCLUSIONS
Existing task trainers can be modified to provide learners with novel features that can expand the number of simulated clinical conditions.
Pettineo
Christopher M
CM
Division of Emergency Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Center for Simulation Technology and Academic Research (CSTAR) Evanston, IL 60201, USA. cpettineo@yahoo.com
Vozenilek
John A
JA
Kharasch
Morris
M
Wang
Ernest
E
Aitchison
Pam
P
D003198:Computer Simulation / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008348:Manikins; D008962:Models, Theoretical