title: Disparities in the patterns and determinants of HIV risk behaviors among adolescents entering substance abuse treatment programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black youth are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study examined disparities in patterns and determinants of sexual risk behaviors among black and white adolescents in substance abuse treatment programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used pooled clinical data collected from 4,565 sexually active 12-17-year-old black (29.7%) and white (70.3%) adolescents entering outpatient and residential substance abuse treatment programs nationally. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine racial differences in patterns of sexual risk behaviors and the associations of these behaviors with demographic, socioenvironmental and psychosocial risk factors, including substance use and abuse, symptoms of mental disorders and criminal behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks were significantly more likely than whites to have had sex with multiple partners, purchased or traded sex and used substances to enhance their sexual experiences, even after adjusting for demographic, socioenvironmental and psychosocial risk factors. Substance use and abuse, internalizing symptoms and drug-related crimes were significantly associated with engaging in > or =2 sexual risk behaviors in both groups. Disparities in determinants of HIV risk were also found. For instance, male gender, single-parent custody and history of criminal justice involvement were associated with having had sex with multiple partners among blacks but not among whites. Demographic, socioenvironmental and psychosocial risk factors accounted for up to 30% of the variance in sexual risk in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black adolescents with substance use problems are at greater risk for HIV infection than their white peers because of their higher rates of sexual risk behaviors. Differences in co-occurring psychosocial problems did not fully explain racial disparities in sexual risk behaviors. HIV prevention programs for black adolescents in treatment should consider both individual and broader contextual factors that co-occur with sexual risk behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Prevention and Treatment Research, The MayaTech Corp., Atlanta, GA 30324, USA. mmulatu@mayatech.com
authors.forename: Mesfin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mulatu
authors.forename: Kimberly Jeffries
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Dionne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Godette
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulmore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data