title: The outcome of Iranian children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the first report of Iranian National Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is not a very common modality to treat Iranian children with end-stage renal disease; however, there is sometimes no choice but to offer this therapy to salvage the patient. Obviously, promotion in each program needs re-evaluation to find the pitfalls. Therefore, a nation-wide survey on pediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was conducted to find the cause of death or termination of dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children, younger than 14 years old, treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in nine main pediatric nephrology wards in Iran between 1993 and 2006 were included in this historical cohort study. Patient and technique survival rates were determined. Kaplan-Mayer and Cox-regression analysis were used to compare the survival. 2 x 2 table was used to calculate the risk ratio. A P<0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty children with a mean age of 47.6 months were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most frequent cause of renal failure was hereditary-metabolic-cystic disease. One hundred eighty-two peritoneal dialysis catheters were inserted surgically. The median first catheter exchange was 0.74 year (95%CI: 0.5 - 0.98). The most frequent cause of catheter replacement was catheter outflow failure due to displacement, adhesion, and infection (persistent peritonitis or tunnel infection). The mean patient survival was 1.22 years (95%CI: 0.91 - 1.53). The mortality rate was 55% before 1997, and 60% between 1998 and 2001, which declined to 23% after 2002 (P<0.05). Young age (<24 months) was the only independent factor that predicted mortality (P<0.05). The outcome of children was as follows: recovery of renal function (6.7%), renal transplantation (8.3%), switch to hemodialysis (16.7%), still on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (23.3%), death (43.3%), and lost to follow-up (1.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality is still high among Iranian children on peritoneal dialysis. Young age is the most important factor influencing on survival and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ali Asgar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nakisa45@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nakysa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hooman
authors.forename: Seyed-Taher
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Esfahani
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohkam
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derakhshan
authors.forename: Alaleh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gheissari
authors.forename: Shams
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vazirian
authors.forename: Fakhrossadat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghane-Sherbaff
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falak-Aflaki
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otoukesh
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifian-Dorcheh
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmaeile
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naseri
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azhir
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merikhi
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohseni
authors.forename: Neamatollah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ataei
authors.forename: Mohamad-Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basiratnia
authors.forename: Ghamar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Al-Hashemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome