title: Complications of tube thoracostomy placement in the emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency medicine residents frequently perform invasive procedures, including tube thoracostomy (TT), that inherently place patients at risk for complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and types of complications from TT in an academic emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined prospective and retrospective, observational study of all patients who had TT between December 2002 and January 2006 was performed. Exclusion criteria included age < 15 years and tube placement at an outside facility. Complications detected in the ED were defined as immediate, whereas those discovered later were defined as delayed. Complications requiring corrective surgical intervention, administration of blood products, or intravenous antibiotics were defined as major. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify operator and patient factors associated with complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TTs were placed in 242 patients, and 90 (37%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.1-43.3%) experienced a complication. Major complications included one intercostal artery laceration, one retroperitoneal placement, and empyema in 2 patients. In multivariate analysis, blunt injury excluding motor vehicle accidents (odds ratio [OR] 2.57; 95% CI 1.27-5.21) and spontaneous pneumothorax (OR 3.84; 95% CI 1.80-8.18) were associated with all complications. TT size < 36 French and blunt injury excluding motor vehicle accidents were associated with immediate complications and spontaneous pneumothorax was associated with delayed complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vast majority of complications from TT in the ED were minor. The prevalence of complications was consistent with previous reports of TTs placed by non-emergency-medicine-trained physicians outside the ED. The findings can be used to identify avoidable complications and improve residency training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kinjal N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Sethuraman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Director
authors.forename: Darcey
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St George
authors.forename: Niels K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Rathlev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013907:Thoracostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications