title: Olig2-induced neural stem cell differentiation involves downregulation of Wnt signaling and induction of Dickkopf-1 expression.
abstract: Understanding stem cell-differentiation at the molecular level is important for clinical applications of stem cells and for finding new therapeutic approaches in the context of cancer stem cells. To investigate genome-wide changes involved in differentiation, we have used immortalized neural stem cell (NSC) line (HB1.F3) and Olig2-induced NSC differentiation model (F3.Olig2). Using microarray analysis, we revealed that Olig2-induced NSC differentiation involves downregulation of Wnt pathway, which was further confirmed by TOPflash/FOPflash reporter assay, RT-PCR analysis, immunoblots, and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, we found that Olig2-induced differentiation induces the expression of Dickkopf-1(Dkk1), a potent antagonist of Wnt signaling. Dkk1 treatment blocked Wnt signaling in HB1.F3 in a dosage-dependent manner, and induced differentiation into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Our results support cancer stem cell hypothesis which implies that signaling pathway for self-renewal and proliferation of stem cells is maintained till the late stage of differentiation. In our proposed model, Dkk1 may play an important role in downregulating self-renewal and proliferation pathway of stem cells at the late stage of differentiation, and its failure may lead to carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Deokhoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kiyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Shin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Seung U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eek-Hoon
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jho
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Bonghee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; C405708:OLIG2 protein, human