title: Early post-ischemic hyperemia on transcranial cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in carotid endarterectomy is associated with severity of cerebral ischemic insult during carotid artery clamping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In animal models, the magnitude of early post-ischemic hyperemia tends to correlate with the duration and intensity of prior ischemic insult. The aim of this study was to determine whether early post-ischemic hyperemia in human brain during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is associated with the severity of cerebral ischemic insult during clamping of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcranial cerebral oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy was monitored intraoperatively in 171 patients undergoing CEA for ipsilateral ICA stenosis (>70%) to assess the intensity of cerebral hemispheric ischemia during ICA clamping and the magnitude of early post-ischemic hyperemia after ICA declamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early post-ischemic hyperemia peaked within 3 minutes after ICA declamping and resolved at 20 minutes after ICA declamping. A significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of early post-ischemic hyperemia and the intensity of cerebral ischemia (r=0.697; p<0.0001). Eight patients recovered from anesthesia with a new minor neurological deficit on the side contralateral to the CEA (4.7%). Analysis by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to estimate the ability to discriminate between patients with and without post-operative development of new neurological deficits. Area under the ROC curve was significantly greater when analysing the magnitude of early post-ischemic hyperemia (1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00) when compared with the intensity of cerebral ischemia (0.93; 95% CI: 0.89-0.98) (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early post-ischemic hyperemia in CEA is correlated with the severity of cerebral ischemic insult during clamping of the ICA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otawara
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen