title: Stellate cells in the human child vocal fold macula flava.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin A-storing vocal fold stellate cells (SCs) in the macula flava (MF) are hypothesized to be involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrices (EM) of the human vocal fold mucosa (VFM). The SCs in the child VFM were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic analysis of cadaveric human child VFM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Light and electron microscopic investigations of SCs in the human child VFM were carried out on three excised human child larynges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCs were stellate and dense in the child MF. They had cytoplasmic processes, possessed lipid droplets, and stored vitamin A in their cytoplasm. The SCs had a small nucleus-cytoplasm ratio and rough endoplasmic reticula, suggesting constant protein synthesis in these cells. There were vesicles along the periphery of the cytoplasm, and newly released amorphous materials were seen on the cell surface. There were dense reticular, collagenous, and elastic fibers around SCs. The SCs exhibited strong cytoplasm staining with periodic acid-Schiff stain and type III collagen. Most of the VFSCs showed CD44 (a cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid) expression, and a large amount of hyaluronic acid was present immediately adjacent to SCs. This study revealed several morphologic differences between the SCs in the MF and the conventional fibroblasts in the VFM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SCs in the child MF constantly synthesized EM, essential for viscoelastic properties of the lamina propria of the human VFM, in the stage of vocal fold growth and development. The SCs in the MF were inferred to be involved in the growth and development of human VFM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, kimisato@oct-net.ne.jpJapan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D014801:Vitamin A; D003094:Collagen