Ginkgo biloba (EGB 761) affects apoptosis and nitric-oxide synthases in testicular torsion: an experimental study.
BACKGROUND
We investigated the effect of ginkgo biloba on germ cell apoptosis and also on expressions of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases after testicular torsion.


METHODS
Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Torsion/detorsion (T/D) was performed on the rats in group 1, group 2 received ginkgo biloba for a month before T/D, group 3 received only gingko biloba for a month, and group 4 was the sham group. Left testicular torsion was created in group 1 and group 2, and the testes were untwisted and replaced in the scrotum for reperfusion. No procedure was applied to group 3, and after 1 month, testes were removed in all groups.


RESULTS
Mean apoptotic cell, eNOS, and iNOS were increased in group 1. Group 2 showed significantly decreased apoptotic cells, eNOS, and iNOS in testes compared to group 1 (P < 0.05). The rats in group 3 had significantly decreased apoptotic cell, eNOS, and iNOS values, like the sham group (P < 0.05), and this group provided basal values.


CONCLUSIONS
Ginkgo biloba, as a free radical scavenger, seems to have a protective role against apoptosis in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury.
Akgül
Turgay
T
Department of Second Urology Clinic, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. turgayakgul@gmail.com
Karagüzel
Ersagun
E
Sürer
Hatice
H
Yağmurdur
Hatice
H
Ayyildiz
Ali
A
Ustün
Hüseyin
H
Germiyanoğlu
Cankon
C
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010936:Plant Extracts; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract