title: A simulation study to evaluate the impact of the number of lesions measured on response assessment.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the number of lesions that are used to measure tumour burden affects response assessment and inter-rater variability. In order to accomplish this, a simulation study was conducted. Data were generated from a mixed-effects mixture model. Parameter values to input in the model were obtained from the analysis of real data. Response assessments based on 10, five, three, two and one lesion were evaluated. There was little difference between response assessments based on five lesions and response assessments based on 10 lesions. When fewer than five lesions were used to assess response, there were notable differences from the 10 lesion-based response assessment. Basing response assessment on a small number of lesions tends to overestimate response rates and leads to misclassification of patients' response status. Therefore, measuring five lesions per patient appears to sufficiently capture patients' response to therapy. Measuring fewer than five lesions results in the loss of information that may adversely affect clinical trial results as well as patient management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 307 East 63rd Street, New York, NY 10065, USA. moskowc1@MSKCC.ORG
authors.forename: Chaya S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gönen
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D015588:Observer Variation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden