title: Maturational changes in pontine and medullary alpha-adrenoceptor influences on respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal rats.
abstract: We examined developmental changes in alpha-adrenoceptor influences and descending pontine inputs on the medullary respiratory network in the neonatal rat in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation. Using a split bath preparation to isolate the pons from the medulla, antagonists for alpha1 and alpha2 adrenoreceptors were applied to only the medulla at postnatal days 0, 2 and 4, before and after transection of the pons. Blocking alpha1 and alpha2 receptors in the medulla in the absence of a pons reduced burst frequency at all ages with a more pronounced effect in younger animals. At all ages the presence of a pons diminished the effect of blocking alpha2 receptors in the medulla and eliminated the effect of blocking alpha1 receptors. These results indicate that there is a tonic release of catecholamines within the medulla that is under influence from the pons. Additionally, transection experiments indicated that during development, the net influence of the pons changed from one of excitation to one of inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA. ftaec1@uaf.edu
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Milsom
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D011149:Pons / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D002395:Catecholamines; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D015016:Yohimbine; D011224:Prazosin