title: Prevalence, timing, and predictors of transitions from inhalant use to inhalant use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies of the natural history of DSM-IV inhalant substance use disorders (I-SUDs) have been conducted. This investigation examined the prevalence, timing, and predictors of transitions from inhalant use to formal I-SUDs among inhalant users within a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 664 U.S. residents participating in the 2000-2001 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions who reported lifetime inhalant use. Respondents completed structured interviews assessing DSM-IV psychiatric/substance use disorders. Bivariate and Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for transitions from inhalant use to I-SUDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly one in five (19.4%) persons initiating inhalant use developed an I-SUD. Most I-SUD transitions were to inhalant abuse rather than inhalant dependence. Risk for development of I-SUDs was greatest in the first year following initiation of inhalant use and low thereafter. Multivariate proportional hazards models indicated that presence of a mood/anxiety disorder (HR=7.7, CI=3.1-18.9) or alcohol use disorder (HR=11.9, CI=5.46-26.00) antedating initiation of inhalant use predicted significantly elevated risk for I-SUDs, whereas being married conferred a lower risk for onset of I-SUDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I-SUDs were relatively common among inhalant users, generally occurred in the year following initiation of inhalant use, and were associated with early-onset mood/anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Given the young average age at onset of inhalant use and the rapidity with which most I-SUDs developed, interventions directed to adolescents who have initiated inhalant use might be effective in reducing the proportion of inhalant users who develop I-SUDs.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. beperron@umich.edu
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.forename: Matthew O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Samopriyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maitra
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology