title: Effect of head-only sub-chronic and chronic exposure to 900-MHz GSM electromagnetic fields on spatial memory in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to investigate the behavioural effects of sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) in male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed for 45 minutes per day, at a brain-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) = 1.5 W Kg(-1) or 15 minutes per day at a SAR = 6 W Kg(-1), during 8 or 24 weeks. Then, their spatial memory was tested using the radial-arm maze. In the first phase (10 days), rats were trained to visit the eight arms of the maze without returning to an arm already visited. In the second phase (8 days), a 45-minute intra-trial delay was introduced after four visited arms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance of exposed rats (1.5 or 6 W Kg(-1)) was compared with that of sham, negative control and positive control rats. Scopolamine treatment in the positive control rats induced deficit in spatial memory task in the second phase of the test. However, spatial memory task was unaffected in exposed rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure of rats to GSM 900 MHz signal (45-minutes, SAR = 1.5 or 15-minutes, SAR = 6 W Kg(-1)) did not induce spatial memory deficit in the radial-arm maze.
authors.affiliation: Unité de toxicologie expérimentale, INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. mohamed.ammari@fsb.rnu.tn
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ammari
authors.forename: Aurèlie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakly
authors.forename: Hafedh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdelmelek
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Seze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors