Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events.
BACKGROUND
Pharmacogenetic determinants of the response of patients to clopidogrel contribute to variability in the biologic antiplatelet activity of the drug. The effect of these determinants on clinical outcomes after an acute myocardial infarction is unknown.


METHODS
We consecutively enrolled 2208 patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide French registry and receiving clopidogrel therapy. We then assessed the relation of allelic variants of genes modulating clopidogrel absorption (ABCB1), metabolic activation (CYP3A5 and CYP2C19), and biologic activity (P2RY12 and ITGB3) to the risk of death from any cause, nonfatal stroke, or myocardial infarction during 1 year of follow-up.


RESULTS
Death occurred in 225 patients, and nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke in 94 patients, during the follow-up period. None of the selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP3A5, P2RY12, or ITGB3 were associated with a risk of an adverse outcome. Patients with two variant alleles of ABCB1 (TT at nucleotide 3435) had a higher rate of cardiovascular events at 1 year than those with the ABCB1 wild-type genotype (CC at nucleotide 3435) (15.5% vs. 10.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.47). Patients carrying any two CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles (*2, *3, *4, or *5), had a higher event rate than patients with none (21.5% vs. 13.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.58). Among the 1535 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention during hospitalization, the rate of cardiovascular events among patients with two CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles was 3.58 times the rate among those with none (95% CI, 1.71 to 7.51).


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with an acute myocardial infarction who were receiving clopidogrel, those carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles had a higher rate of subsequent cardiovascular events than those who were not. This effect was particularly marked among the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00673036.)
Simon
Tabassome
T
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France. tabassome.simon@sat.aphp.fr
Verstuyft
Céline
C
Mary-Krause
Murielle
M
Quteineh
Lina
L
Drouet
Elodie
E
Méneveau
Nicolas
N
Steg
P Gabriel
PG
Ferrières
Jean
J
Danchin
Nicolas
N
Becquemont
Laurent
L
D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009154:Mutation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D012042:Registries; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; C061248:ITGB3 protein, human; D039661:Integrin beta3; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D013988:Ticlopidine