title: A simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction method for the determination of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) from human serum for epidemiological studies on type 2 diabetes.
abstract: A simple and fast method is presented to be used for example in studies on the relationship between serum levels of persistent organic pollutants and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method is based on liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the sample pre-treatment special attention was paid to minimize the number of sample manipulation steps and the amounts of organic solvents needed. Compounds analyzed were 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of DDT. The method included extraction and cleanup of 0.2ml of serum in a single test tube and subsequent analysis of the extract from 0.2ml final volume. Validation was conducted to explore the performance of the method. The limits of detection for p,p'-DDE and PCB-153 based on the standard deviation of the blank samples were 4.3 and 3.1pg/ml, respectively. Repeatability was less than 2.5% at three concentration levels tested and recovery from Certified Reference Material SRM 1589a was 84% for p,p'-DDE and 87% for PCB-153 of the certified values, respectively. Serum samples from the AMAP intercalibration round 2008-2 were also analyzed, and results were 101-116% of the assigned values. The presented method was used for an epidemiological study with more than 700 serum samples from a type 2 diabetes cohort from Sweden.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Panu.Rantakokko@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Panu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rignell-Hydbom
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl