title: Correlates of improvement in walking ability in older persons in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed factors associated with improvement in walking ability among respondents to the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from 6574 respondents aged 53 years or older who reported difficulty walking several blocks, 1 block, or across the room in 2000 or 2002. We examined associations between improvement (versus no change, deterioration, or death) and baseline health status, chronic conditions, baseline walking difficulty, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and behavioral risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 25% of the study population with baseline walking limitations, 29% experienced improved walking ability, 40% experienced no change in walking ability, and 31% experienced deteriorated walking ability or died. In a multivariate analysis, we found positive associations between walking improvement and more recent onset and more severe walking difficulty, being overweight, and engaging in vigorous physical activity. A history of diabetes, having any difficulty with activities of daily living, and being a current smoker were all negatively associated with improvement in walking ability. After we controlled for baseline health, improvement in walking ability was equally likely among racial and ethnic minorities and those with lower socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions to reduce smoking and to increase physical activity may help improve walking ability in older Americans.
authors.affiliation: General Internal Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. j-feinglass@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinglass
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Larry M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Manheim
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Semanik
authors.forename: Rowland W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dorothy D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dunlop
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D040241:Social Marketing; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology