title: Design and in vivo evaluation of an indapamide transdermal patch.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a novel drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch system for indapamide. Initial in vitro experiments were conducted to optimize formulation parameters prior to transdermal delivery in rats. The effects of the type of adhesive and the content of permeation enhancers on indapamide transport across excised rat skin were evaluated. The results indicated that DURO-TAK adhesive 87-2852 is a suitable and compatible polymer for the development of transdermal drug delivery systems for indapamide. The final formulation contained 4% N-dodecylazepan-2-one, 6% l-menthol and 3% isopropyl myristate. For in vivo studies patch systems were administered transdermally to rats while orally administered indapamide in suspension was used as a control. The PK parameters, such as the maximum blood concentration (C(max)), time to reach the peak blood concentration (T(max)), mean residence time (MRT), area under the curve (AUC(0-t)) and terminal elimination half-life (T(1/2)) were significantly (p<0.05) different following transdermal administration compared with oral administration. In contrast to oral delivery, a sustained activity was observed over a period of 48h after transdermal administration. This sustained activity was due to the controlled release of drug into the systemic circulation following transdermal administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
authors.forename: Changshun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sihai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: LiGang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhonggui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000737:chemistry; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006207:Half-Life; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007190:Indapamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D007190:Indapamide