title: Complex fate of paralogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thanks to recent high coverage mass-spectrometry studies and reconstructed protein complexes, we are now in an unprecedented position to study the evolution of biological systems. Gene duplications, known to be a major source of innovation in evolution, can now be readily examined in the context of protein complexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observe that paralogs operating in the same complex fulfill different roles: mRNA dosage increase for more than a hundred cytosolic ribosomal proteins, mutually exclusive participation of at least 54 paralogs resulting in alternative forms of complexes, and 24 proteins contributing to bona fide structural growth. Inspection of paralogous proteins participating in two independent complexes shows that an ancient, pre-duplication protein functioned in both multi-protein assemblies and a gene duplication event allowed the respective copies to specialize and split their roles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variants with conditionally assembled, paralogous subunits likely have played a role in yeast's adaptation to anaerobic conditions. In a number of cases the gene duplication has given rise to one duplicate that is no longer part of a protein complex and shows an accelerated rate of evolution. Such genes could provide the raw material for the evolution of new functions.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, NCMLS, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. radek@cmbi.ru.nl
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szklarczyk
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huynen
authors.forename: Berend
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Snel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D008957:Models, Genetic; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins