title: Increased mortality risk in older adults with persistently low or declining feelings of usefulness to others.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study seeks to determine if persistently low or declining feelings of usefulness to others in later life predict increased mortality hazard in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on change in perceptions of usefulness, health, behavioral and psychosocial covariates, and mortality originate from the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging, a prospective study of 1,189 older adults (aged 70 to 79).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older adults with persistently low feelings of usefulness or who experienced a decline to low feelings of usefulness during the first 3 years of the study experienced a greater hazard of mortality (sociodemographic adjusted hazard ratio = 1.75; 95% confidence interval = 1.22, 2.51) during a subsequent 9-year follow-up as compared to older adults with persistently high feelings of usefulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults with persistently low perceived usefulness or feelings of usefulness that decline to a low level may be a vulnerable group with increased risk for poor health outcomes in later life.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gruenewald
authors.forename: Arun S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Karlamangla
authors.forename: Gail A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Greendale
authors.forename: Burton H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Teresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Seeman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States