title: Ocular disorders secondary to systemic disease and the potential role of carnitines.
abstract: L-carnitine has a wide-ranging role in several physiological processes, but perhaps most significantly in long-chain fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix. Osmolytic (or osmoprotective) properties have also been suggested for the compound. Importantly, the ability of L-carnitine to improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant diabetic patients may, together with the agent's antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity, provide some degree of protection against the progression of diabetic retinopathy. L-carnitine may also protect against the deleterious effects of ocular ischaemic syndrome, and, indeed, acetyl-L-carnitine has been shown to significantly improve retinal damage and visual acuity in patients with monolateral or bilateral retinal artery occlusion. The antioxidant, antiapoptotic and osmolytic properties of L-carnitine also suggest that this agent may have valuable clinical utility in neurotrophic keratopathy and bullous keratopathy. Thus, further detailed investigation of the important clinical potential of L-carnitine in various ocular conditions (e.g. diabetic retinopathy, ocular ischaemic syndrome, neurotrophic keratopathy and bullous keratopathy) that occur secondary to systemic diseases is now clearly warranted.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Neuroscience Program, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy. pescosol@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pescosolido
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Imperatrice
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karavitis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D002331:Carnitine