title: Evaluation and management of the infant exposed to HIV-1 in the United States.
abstract: The pediatrician plays a key role in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection. For infants born to women with HIV-1 infection identified during pregnancy, the pediatrician ensures that antiretroviral prophylaxis is provided to the infant to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection and promotes avoidance of postnatal HIV-1 transmission by advising HIV-1-infected women not to breastfeed. The pediatrician should perform HIV-1 antibody testing for infants born to women whose HIV-1 infection status was not determined during pregnancy or labor. For HIV-1-exposed infants, the pediatrician monitors the infant for early determination of HIV-1 infection status and for possible short- and long-term toxicity from antiretroviral exposures. Provision of chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and support of families living with HIV-1 by providing counseling to parents or caregivers are also important components of care.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Havens
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mofenson
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents