title: Lower facial contouring with botulinum toxin type A.
abstract: The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) is well established in medical practice. The application of BoNT extends over many indications such as strabismus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and others. Another indication for the use of BoNT type A is the masseteric muscle hypertrophy to obtain a lower facial contouring. Authors report the treatment of 5 patients with intramuscular injection of BoNT. A high degree of patient and physician satisfaction was noted after the treatment. Authors concluded that BoNT type A can safely be considered as a noninvasive drug treatment for patients with MMH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Pathology, Oral Cavity and Audio-Verbal Communication, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tartaro
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauso
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santagata
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santillo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itro
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050256:Antimitotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003078:Colchicine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D050256:Antimitotic Agents; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D000639:Amitriptyline; C004704:cyclobenzaprine; C014419:colchicoside; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D003078:Colchicine