title: Signaling through cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in the amygdala is critical for auditory-cued fear memory and long-term potentiation.
abstract: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of inputs relaying sensory information from cortical and thalamic neurons to principal neurons in the lateral amygdala (LA) is thought to serve as a cellular mechanism for associative fear learning. Nitric oxide (NO), a messenger molecule widely implicated in synaptic plasticity and behavior, has been shown to enhance LTP in the LA as well as consolidation of associative fear memory. Additional evidence suggests that NO-induced enhancement of LTP and amygdala-dependent learning requires signaling through soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK). Mammals possess two genes for cGK: the prkg1 gene gives rise to the cGK type I isoforms, cGKIalpha and cGKIbeta, and the prkg2 gene encodes the cGK type II. Reportedly, both cGKI and cGKII are expressed in the amygdala, and cGKII is involved in controlling anxiety-like behavior. Because selective pharmacological tools for individual cGK isoforms are lacking, we used different knock-out mouse models to examine the function of cGKI and cGKII for LTP in the LA and pavlovian fear conditioning. We found robust expression of the cGKI specifically in the LA with cGKIbeta as the prevailing isoform. We further show a marked reduction of LTP at both thalamic and cortical inputs to the LA and a selective impairment of auditory-cued fear memory in cGKI-deficient mutants. In contrast, cGKII null mutants lack these phenotypes. Our data suggest a function of cGKI, likely the beta isoform, in the LA, supporting synaptic plasticity and consolidation of fear memory.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 80802 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schöberl
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weinmeister
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micale
authors.forename: Carsten T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wotjak
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleppisch
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D062967:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015398:Signal Transduction; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D062967:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C569720:Prkg1 protein, mouse; C569730:Prkg2 protein, mouse