title: Dysphagia in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenesis to diagnosis.
abstract: Abnormalities of swallowing are commonly encountered in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), especially in the most disabled patients. The disturbances usually involve oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, although upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction has also been detected. MS patients need to be effectively evaluated and managed in order to recognize dysphagia before any medical complications such as aspiration pneumonia appear. An integrated approach is proposed to define the severity of dysphagia and to devise the most appropriate therapeutic/rehabilitative methodology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy. cristina.tassorelli@mondino.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tassorelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buscone
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartolo
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furnari
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crivelli
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alfonsi
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alberici
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertino
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandrini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nappi
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*