title: Memory modification as an outcome variable in anxiety disorder treatment.
abstract: Learning and memory are interdependent processes. Memories are learned, and cumulative learning requires memory. It is generally accepted that learning contributes to psychopathology and consequently to pertinent memory formation. Neuroscience and psychological research have established that memory is an active reconstructive process that is influenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors including post-event information. Recent research on the treatment of anxiety disorders using medications (i.e., d-cyclcloserine) to alter neurological systems associated with memory used in conjunction with behavior therapy suggests that memory is part of a central mechanism in the etiology and maintenance of these conditions. The main thesis of this article is that learning-based interventions create new memories that may modify existing ones. This raises the possibility of using such memory modifications to measure intervention outcome. A connectionist context for understanding this phenomenon and informing intervention is provided, with specific reference to post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Recommendations for future research examining the role of memory change in treatment outcome are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458-9993, USA. wtryon@fordham.edu
authors.forename: Warren W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Tryon
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003523:Cycloserine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003523:Cycloserine