title: The MMPI-2: a contemporary normative study of midwestern family medicine outpatients.
abstract: For more than 60 years it has been known that profiles from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), obtained from medical patients, are elevated when scores are plotted using general population norms. These elevations have been most apparent on the neurotic triad (NTd), the first 3 clinical scales on the MMPI profile. More than 45 years have passed since a nonreferred, normative sample of MMPIs was established from 50,000 consecutive medical outpatients. We present comparable but contemporary normative data for the revised MMPI (MMPI-2) based on a nonreferred sample of 1,243 family medicine outpatients (590 women; 653 men). As true for the original MMPI, contemporary medical outpatients have profiles that are significantly different, clinically and statistically, from the general population norms for the MMPI-2. This is particularly evident in elevations on the NTd. New normative tables of uniform medical T (UMT) scores were developed following the procedures used to create the uniform T scores for the MMPI-2. Measures of internal consistency are reported; test-retest reliability was established over a mean of 3.7 weeks, and results characterizing the stability of the validity and clinical scales are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Colligan
authors.forename: Norman H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Agerter
authors.forename: Kenneth P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinchoc
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: Joanne T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult