title: The biochemistry of drug metabolism--an introduction: part 6. Inter-individual factors affecting drug metabolism.
abstract: This review is part of a series of review articles on the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics published in Chemistry & Biodiversity. After a thorough discussion of metabolic reactions and their enzymes, this article focuses on genetically determined differences in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. After a short introduction on the causes for genetic differences, the first focus is on species differences in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. A major chapter is then dedicated to clinically relevant genetic polymorphisms in human drug metabolism and resultant ethnic differences. The last two chapters deal with sex-dependent differences in drug metabolism and personalized pharmacotherapy related to inter-individual differences in drug metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich. stefanie.kraemer@pharma.ethz
authors.forename: Stefanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Testa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases