Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures.
The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-1 dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences.
White
Sally S
SS
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kato
Kayoko
K
Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jia
Lily T
LT
Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Basden
Brian J
BJ
Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Calafat
Antonia M
AM
Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Hines
Erin P
EP
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Stanko
Jason P
JP
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Wolf
Cynthia J
CJ
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Abbott
Barbara D
BD
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Fenton
Suzanne E
SE
U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: fenton.suzanne@epa.gov.
D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005865:Gestational Age; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation
D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid