title: Diabetes as a risk factor for cognitive decline in older patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for cognitive decline among elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were carried out on data from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a study on 5,632 subjects aged 65-84 years, with baseline in 1992 and follow-ups in 1996 and 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, diabetic women had significantly worse scores on all cognitive tests compared to nondiabetic women, but did not show worsening over time, whereas men with diabetes did not show worse scores on cognitive tests at baseline compared to nondiabetic males; however, diabetes in men was associated with a risk of cognitive decline over time, particularly in attention. Higher levels of HbA(1c) were associated with poorer performance on memory tests at follow-up in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of diabetes on cognitive status might differ in older men and women, probably because of a survival effect, with a higher mortality at a younger age among diabetic men. The metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities associated with diabetes might be responsible for the cognitive decline, at different rates and ages, in men and women. The routine assessment of diabetes complications in the elderly should include cognitive evaluation in both sexes.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Aging Section, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Limongi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noale
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romanato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rozzini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scafato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crepaldi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin