title: Effect of heated and humidified carbon dioxide on patients after laparoscopic procedures: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically analyze the role of heated humidified carbon dioxide (CO2) in laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trials on laparoscopic procedures using standard dry CO2 versus heated humidified CO2 for pneumoperitoneum were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten randomized controlled trials on 565 patients were analyzed. In both the fixed and random effect models, postoperative pain was significantly less in heated humidified CO2 group. Heated humidified CO2 group was also associated with significantly lower risk of hypothermia and lower analgesic requirement. However, statistically there was no difference in total hospital stay and lens fogging rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of heated humidified CO2 for pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic procedures is associated with lesser postoperative pain, lower risk of postoperative hypothermia, and lower analgesic requirements. However, total hospital stay and lens fogging rates do not differ. Hence, the heated and humidified CO2 may be considered as the first choice for pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, West Sussex, UK. surgeon1wrh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Muhammad Shafique
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.forename: Ali Sameer
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rimpel
authors.forename: Syed Awais
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokari
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheek
authors.forename: Mirza Khurrum
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baig
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007327:Insufflation / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002245:Carbon Dioxide