title: The effect of a mild increase in temperature on tooth bleaching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of temperature on external tooth bleaching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human molars and premolars were internally stained and assessed using a standardized tea solution. The mesial aspects of the teeth were assigned to the treatment group (bleaching at 45 degrees C), and the distal aspects of the teeth were assigned to the control group (bleaching at 37 degrees C). An electronic chromometer with a tristimulus color analyzer was used to measure color change. The mean changes in the values of L*, a*, and b* from baseline to posttreatment were recorded, as were the overall color differences of the specimens in each group (DeltaE*).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing the temperature to 45 degrees C significantly (P < .05) increased the bleaching efficacy and reduced the time needed to gain a lighter tooth shade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A controlled increase in the temperature of the bleaching agent might be useful in achieving better tooth bleaching in a shorter period of time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: M Perez
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Davidi
authors.forename: Ala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.forename: Ervin I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domb
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sterer
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D003124:Colorimetry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008963:Molar; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D013662:Tea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide