title: Well-defined, multifunctional nanostructures of a paramagnetic lipid and a lipopeptide for macrophage imaging.
abstract: In the field of nanomedicine there is a great demand for technologies that allow the creation of self-assembled structures of which the size and morphology can be accurately controlled. In the current study, we report a nanoparticle platform that is composed of a paramagnetic lipid and a fluorescently labeled lipopeptide. By judiciously controlling the ratio of the aforementioned amphiphilic molecules, a variety of well-defined nanosized supramolecular structures with different sizes and morphologies could be created. The hydrodynamic radii of the different structures were determined by dynamic light scattering. Cryo-TEM revealed the aggregate morphology to vary from small micellar structures to plate-like and even full grown ribbons of which the aspect ratios varied from a diameter of 5-8 nm to structures with a width of up to 25 nm and infinite length. Interestingly, nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion profiling revealed excellent properties for MRI and also showed that the relaxivity of the structures was tunable and morphology dependent. Finally, macrophage cells were treated with two selected nanoparticles and were shown to be avidly taken up. In conclusion we demonstrate a methodology to create structures that (1) are paramagnetic to enable their detection with MRI, (2) exhibit fluorescent properties, (3) can be tuned to defined sizes and shapes, and (4) are efficiently taken up by macrophage cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Imaging Science Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Esad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vucic
authors.forename: Honorius M H F
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terreno
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aime
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicolay
authors.forename: Eik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leupold
authors.forename: Margitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dathe
authors.forename: Nico A J M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sommerdijk
authors.forename: Zahi A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Willem J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008027:Light; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D019793:Fluorescein