title: [Study of Japanese anatomical terms, such as 'sphenoid bone'].
abstract: Japanese anatomical terms (butterfly-shaped bone) have an interesting history. Galen named a bone (wedge-like). This Greek term was introduced into Latin anatomical texts by transcribing into 'os sphnoides' or translating it as 'os cuneiforme'. Both terms mean equally wedge-like bone. From 16th century on, these two terms prevailed in European anatomical textbooks, but in 18th century some anatomists merged this bone with some kinds of winged creatures and named their wings "Ala major' and 'Ala minor'. In mid-19th century English-Chinese anatomical book, this bone was named (butterfly bone) by a medical missionary Benjamin Hobson. This term was introduced into Japanese textbooks. In Meiji Era both terms were used in Japanese textbooks, and (wedged-like bone). Some anatomists insisted on using because this echoed original Latin term's sense. Eventually, Japanese Associations of Anatomists adopted in 1943.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawai
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000266:history*; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D013100:Sphenoid Bone; D009626:Terminology as Topic