title: Relationship between coronary and renal artery disease and associated risk factors in hypertensive and diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Performing simultaneous renal angiography in patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) is suitable for those who have a high probability for renal artery stenosis (RAS), thus better recognition of all potential candidates could have paramount importance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a cross sectional study, 260 consecutive hypertensive and/or diabetic patients (135 males, 125 females with average age of 57.1 and 57.2 years respectively) underwent simultaneous coronary and renal angiography. RAS was identified in 55 patients (21.2%). Significant RAS (> 50%) was present in 37 patients (14.2%). Female sex (P=0.01), older age (62.1+/-10 vs 56.3+/-8.9 years, p=0.001), higher serum creatinine level (1.3+/-0.69 vs 0.98+/-0.35 mg/dl p=0.017), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (58.6+/-25.4 vs 81.8+/-28.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, p< 0.001), increased levels of intra-arterial systolic blood pressure (169.8+/-31.1 vs 155.1+/-28.4 mmHg, p=0.004) and pulse pressure (90.9+/-26.2 vs 77.5+/-21.9, p=<0.001) during catheterisation, history of hypertension alone (p=0.007) or accompanied with diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.014) and multi vessel CAD (> 2 vessels, p=0.002) were associated with significant RAS in univariate analysis and normal coronary arteries was a strong negative predictive factor (negative predictive value=95%). There was no significant relationship between involved location of coronary arteries, history of DM alone, history of dyslipidaemia and smoking with RAS. In multivariate model, female sex [odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.80, P=0.016], multivessel CAD (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.25-2.83, P=0.002) and reduced eGFR (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95-0.99, P=0.002) were independent predictors of RAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the limitations of non-invasive techniques, it seems worthwhile from both diagnostic and prognostic standpoints to perform simultaneous renal angiography following coronary angiography in patients with multivessel CAD, especially if other mentioned risk predictors are also present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Emam Reza Educational Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hashem Danesh
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gholoobi
authors.forename: Hedieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alimi
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: allah Esmaily
authors.forename: Mehrnoosh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gifani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors