title: Carbon-centered radicals in cigarette smoke: acyl and alkylaminocarbonyl radicals.
abstract: The widely accepted mechanism of formation for carbon-centered radicals in the gas-phase cigarette smoke involves reactions of NO(2) and alkadienes. However, specific examples of such radicals have never been isolated from fresh cigarette smoke or their structure determined. We have identified two previously unrecognized classes of carbon-centered radicals, alkylaminocarbonyl and acyl radicals, that are unrelated to radicals that form by NO(x) chemistry. The combined abundance of these mainstream smoke radicals is significantly higher than the alkyl radicals previously quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) solution spin-trapping methods. The new radicals were trapped directly from smoke with either 3-amino-proxyl (3AP) or 3-cyano-proxyl radical on a solid support and identified by combination of chemical synthesis, deuterium labeling, high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. 3AP-R adducts were quantified both by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). Seven acyl and 11 alkylaminocarbonyl radicals were identified in the whole smoke of cigarettes made from single tobacco varieties and blended tobacco research cigarettes. The overall yield of these radicals was measured to be 168-245 nmol/cigarette from machine-smoked cigarettes under Federal Trade Commission (FTC) conditions. The yield was significantly reduced when the gas-phase smoke was separated from whole smoke by filtration through a 0.1 microm Cambridge filter pad or upon aging whole smoke in an inert tube.
authors.affiliation: Philip Morris USA Postgraduate Research Program, Philip Morris Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging Science and Technology (INEST), and Philip Morris USA Research and Technology Center, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartalis
authors.forename: Yi-Lei
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Flora
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: Jan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wooten
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013816:Thermodynamics; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D012906:Smoke; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002244:Carbon