title: Evaluation of a novel atrial retractor for exposure of the mitral valve in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel atrial retractor and compare 2 methods of intraoperative left atrial retraction for minimally invasive mitral valve repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left atrial retraction was performed on 5 swine cadavers to evaluate performance (percent of mitral valve annulus accessible), complications encountered, ease of use, and surgical time for the minimally invasive atrial retractor and a HeartPort atrial retractor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated accessibilities were 93.0% (standard error = 3.2) and 92.7% (standard error = 3.3) for the HeartPort and minimally invasive atrial retractor retractors, respectively, with a difference of 0.3% (standard error = 2.2%, P = .8832, df = 34). Tissue damage occurred in 1 case for the minimally invasive atrial retractor and 2 cases for the HeartPort retractor. The mean surgical times for retractor placement and mitral valve annulus exposure were 107.4 and 39.2 seconds for the HeartPort and minimally invasive atrial retractor retractors, respectively, with a difference of 68.2 seconds (P = .0092, df = 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive atrial retractor is a suitable alternative for atrial retraction compared with standard techniques of retraction. It provides comparable exposure of the mitral valve annulus, is less time consuming to place, provides subjectively more working volume within the left atrium, and has the advantage of minimal atriotomy incision length and customizable retraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chanoit
authors.forename: Shaphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolotin
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buckner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013552:Swine