title: The effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors nitro-L-arginine and 7-nitroindazole on spatial learning and motor functions in Lurcher mutant and wild type mice.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that, among other things, plays an important role in the nervous system as a gaseous neurotransmitter, modulating long-term potentiation (LTP) induction of synaptic transmission. LTP has been suggested to be the basis of memory formation. On the other hand NO also participates in excitotoxic processes which play an important role in many neuropathological states. The aim of this work was to observe the effect of two NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors (N omega-Nitro-L-arginine, NA; 7-nitroindazole, NI) on spontaneous behaviour, spatial learning and motor functions in Lurcher (+/Lc) and wild type (+/+) mice, derived from the B6CBA strain. Heterozygous Lurcher mutant mice represent a natural model of the olivocerebellar degeneration. They suffer from postnatal, practically total, extinction of cerebellar Purkinje cells (due to the excitotoxic apoptosis) and a partial decrease of granule cells and inferior olive neurons (ION) because of the lost target of their axons. +/+ animals are healthy littermates of +/Lc. NA is a nonselective NOS inhibitor which influences, except neuronal (n), also endothelial (e) NOS with an impact on blood pressure, NI is a selective nNOS inhibitor without any circulatory effect. The adult animals of both types (+/Lc; +/+) were influenced by acute administration of both inhibitors (25 mg/kg i.p. 30 min. before experiments) and newborns only by both acute and long-term administration of NI (1 month, starting from postnatal day 2, P2). Control solutions - saline or solvents of both NA and NI inhibitors--diluted 1M HCl and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) respectively, were given at a relevant volume in the same way. The effect of both inhibitors and control solutions on motor functions was tested using four standard procedures (horizontal wire, slanting ladder, rotating cylinder, foot-bridge); in newborns at the age of 14 days. Spatial learning ability was examined in five-day long procedure in the Morris water maze (MWM) (in newborns started on P21). Spontaneous behaviour was studied only in adult animals (after acutely influencing them) employing the open field method. The results showed, that neither the Lurcher mutant, nor wild type mice derived from the B6CBA strain were significantly affected by NOS inhibitors NA and NI in spatial learning after both the acute and long-term application. Only significant decrease of swimming speed was found in both types of mice after the acute administration of NI and in the wild type animals after the acute administration of NA. Motor functions were significantly negatively affected only in the Lurcher mutants after both the acute and chronic application of NI.
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Department of Pathophysiology, Czech Republic. vera.markvartova@lfp.cuni.cz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Markvartová
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vozeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009849:Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D019335:Nitroarginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C080122:7-nitroindazole