title: Adjustable tongue advancement for obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) caused by hypopharyngeal collapse of the upper airway can be considered in patients who are intolerant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The present procedures addressing the hypopharynx are invasive and have substantial morbidity and limited efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (mean age, 44 years) with moderate to severe OSA, ie, an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between 15 and 50, with CPAP intolerance were included in a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel tongue advancement procedure. The procedure consists of the implantation of a tissue anchor in the tongue base and an adjustment spool at the mandible. Titration of this tissue anchor results in advancement of the tongue and a patent upper airway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean AHI decreased from 22.8 at baseline to 11.8 at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.007). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased from 11.4 at baseline to 7.7 at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.094), and the snoring score decreased from 7.5 at baseline to 3.9 at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.005). Four technical adverse events were noted, and 1 clinical adverse event occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjustable tongue advancement is a feasible and relatively safe way to reduce the AHI and snoring in selected patients with moderate to severe OSA and CPAP intolerance. Technical improvements and refinements to the procedure are ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. evert.hamans@uza.be
authors.forename: Evert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamans
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boudewyns
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stuck
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baisch
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willemen
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verbraecken
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Heyning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome