title: Annual risks of tuberculous infection in East Nusa Tenggara and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia.
abstract: METHODS
  East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the average annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) among school children aged 6-9 years in each province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children attending Classes 1-4 in 65 schools in NTT and 79 in Central Java, selected by two-stage sampling, were intradermally administered 2 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative RT23 with Tween 80 on the mid-volar aspect of the left forearm. The maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured 72 h later. The analysis was carried out among 5479 satisfactorily test-read children in NTT and 6943 in Central Java. One hundred and fifty-five new sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases (78 in NTT and 77 in Central Java) were also tuberculin tested. Based on the frequency distribution of reaction sizes among the children and PTB cases, the prevalence of infection was estimated by the mirror-image method using the modes of tuberculous reactions at 15 and 17 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the 15 mm mode, ARTI was estimated at 1% in NTT and 0.9% in Central Java. Using the 17 mm mode, ARTI was estimated at 0.5% in NTT and 0.4% in Central Java.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transmission of tuberculous infection may be further reduced by intensification of tuberculosis control efforts.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachtiar
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Miko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machmud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Besral
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yudarini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loprang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jitendra
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*