Serum phosphate levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: a double-edged sword.
This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum phosphate levels and cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome components in a cross-sectional survey. Plasma phosphate was measured by immunoturbidimetry in 46,798 subjects over 20 years of age with an estimated GFR>or=60 mL/(min 1.73 m(2)) who participated in a health-check survey at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in South Korea. The median plasma phosphate level was 3.49+/-0.44 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 77.46+/-8.51 mL/(min 1.73 m(2)). We found that serum phosphate levels had a positive correlation with total cholesterol, HDL-C, lipoprotein a, apolipoprotein A1, calcium, and albumin. In addition, serum phosphate levels had a negative correlation with age, body mass index, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HS-CRP, triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference (P<0.001). In conclusion, we found that a high phosphate level is correlated with cardiovascular disease while a lower phosphate level is correlated with metabolic syndrome. Serum phosphate levels that were too high or too low correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and elements of metabolic syndrome, respectively, showing that it may be important to maintain an appropriate level of phosphate for the prevention of cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome.
Park
Wan
W
Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Kim
Bum Soo
BS
Lee
Jae Eun
JE
Huh
Jung Kwon
JK
Kim
Byung Jin
BJ
Sung
Ki Chul
KC
Kang
Jin Ho
JH
Lee
Man Ho
MH
Park
Jung Roe
JR
Rhee
Eun Jung
EJ
Oh
Ki Won
KW
Lee
Won Young
WY
Park
Cheol Young
CY
Park
Sung Woo
SW
Kim
Sun Woo
SW
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D010710:Phosphates; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D002118:Calcium