title: Interaction of genes from influx-metabolism-efflux pathway and their influence on methotrexate efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis patients among Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methotrexate (MTX) is the drug of choice for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is effective only in around 60% of treated patients. Bioavailability of MTX may be a major determinant of response status and this may be governed by variations in MTX receptor and transporter genes and genes responsible for polyglutamation and deconjugation. We investigated the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RFC, FOLR1, FPGS, GGH and MDR1 genes to MTX response in RA patients from North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  RA patients recruited using American College of Rheumatology criteria, were categorized into good and poor responders to MTX, based on disease activity score. A total of 17 SNPs from the above mentioned genes were genotyped and tested for association with MTX response using [chi]2 test; logistic regression along with clinical variables; and gene-gene interaction using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One novel synonymous SNP Ala324Ala (972 G > A) was identified in RFC gene. The CT genotype of C3435T in MDR1 gene conferred almost twice the risk of poor response [[chi]2 = 5.85, P = 0.01, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.97 (1.13-3.42)] and was retained in binary logistic regression [B = 0.66, P = 0.025, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.93(1.09-3.42)]. Significant interaction between SNPs in GGH and MDR1 genes seems promising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interactions between genes coding for deconjugation and transporter seem to be important determinants of MTX response in RA but replication and functional studies would be confirmatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mitashree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marwaha
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aneja
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: Rajiva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Juyal
authors.forename: Thelma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: B K
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008727:Methotrexate