title: Dual use of VA and non-VA services among primary care patients with depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression treatment requires close monitoring to achieve optimal, long-term control. Use of multiple sources of health care can affect coordination and continuity of treatment for depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess levels of non-Veterans Health Administration (VA) use among depressed primary care patients by service type and examine patient factors associated with non-VA use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparison of dual and VA-only users among depressed primary care patients. Depression was defined as PHQ-9 >or=10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred fifty depressed patients from the baseline sample of a group-randomized trial of collaborative care for depression in ten VA primary care practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  VA and non-VA outpatient utilization for physical and emotional health problems in the prior 6 months, patient demographics, and co-morbid conditions. All measures were self-reported and obtained at the baseline interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 46.8% of VA depressed primary care patients utilized non-VA care. Dual users were more likely to use acute care services (emergency room or inpatient), especially for physical health problems. Dual users of physical health services had more total visits, but fewer VA visits than VA-only users, while dual users of emotional health services had fewer total and VA visits. Factors associated with dual use were urban clinic location, having other insurance coverage, and dissatisfaction with physical health care in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost half of depressed primary care patients used non-VA care, with most of their non-VA use for physical rather than emotional health problems. Care management strategies for depressed patients should include communication and coordination with non-VA providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. fliu@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Chuan-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cory
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolkan
authors.forename: Domin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Lisa V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Edmund F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Chaney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D013812:Therapeutics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014728:Veterans