title: [Pathogenic effects of primary duodenogastric reflux on gastric mucosa of children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is a reverse flow of duodenal juice into stomach through pylorus composed of bile acid, pancreatic secretion, and intestinal secretion. The increased entero-gastric reflux results in mucosal injury that may relate not only to reflux gastritis but also esophagitis, gastric ulcers, carcinoma of stomach and esophagus. However, the exact mechanisms of gastric mucosal damage caused by DGR are still unknown. The objective of the present study is to investigate the pathogenic effect of primary DGR on gastric mucosa in children, and to explore the correlation of DGR with clinical symptoms, Hp infection and intragastric acidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 81 patients with upper gastrointestinal manifestations were enrolled and they were graded according to the symptom scores and underwent endoscopic, histological examinations and 24-hour intra-gastric bilirubin was monitored with Bilitec 2000. Of the 81 cases, 51 underwent the 24-hour intra-gastric pH monitoring by ambulatory pH recorder simultaneously. The total fraction time of bile reflux was considered as a marker to evaluate the severity of DGR. The total fraction time of bile reflux was compared between the patients with positive and negative results under endoscopy and histologically, respectively. The correlations of the total fraction time of bile reflux with clinical symptom score, Hp infection, intragastric acidity were analyzed respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total fraction time of bile reflux in the patients with hyperemia and yellow stain gastric antral mucosa under endoscopy was significantly higher than that without those changes [17.1% (0.5% approximately 53.2%) vs. 6.5% (0 approximately 58.6%), Z = -1.980, P < 0.05; 19.8% (0.5% approximately 58.6%) vs. 8.8% (0 approximately 38.0%), Z = -2.956, P < 0.01 respectively]. Histologically, the cases with intestinal metaplasia had significantly higher total fraction time of bile reflux than in the cases without intestinal metaplasia [29.0% (1.9% approximately 58.6%) vs. 14.3% (0 approximately 53.7%), Z = -2.026, P < 0.05], but no significant difference was found either between the cases with and without chronic inflammation (P > 0.05) or between the cases with and without active inflammation (P > 0.05). The severity of bile reflux was positively correlated with the score of abdominal distention (r = 0.258, P < 0.05), but no correlation with either the severity of intragastric acid (r = -0.124, P > 0.05), or Hp infection (r = 0.016, P > 0.05) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary DGR could cause gastric mucosal lesions manifested mainly as hyperemia and bile-stained gastric antral mucosa under endoscopy and the gastric antral intestinal metaplasia histologically in children. There was no significant correlation between DGR and gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltration. DGR had no relevance to Hp infection and intragastric acidity. We conclude that DGR is probably an independent etiological factor and might play a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions along with gastric acid and Hp infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan-yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhong-yue
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mi-zu
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jin-dan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001655:Bile Reflux / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004383:Duodenogastric Reflux / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male