Basic principles and technologies for deciphering the genetic map of cancer.
The progress achieved in the field of genomics in recent years is leading medicine to adopt a personalized model in which the knowledge of individual DNA alterations will allow a targeted approach to cancer. Using pancreatic cancer as a model, we discuss herein the fundamentals that need to be considered for the high throughput and global identification of mutations. These include patient-related issues, sample collection, DNA isolation, gene selection, primer design, and sequencing techniques. We also describe the possible applications of the discovery of DNA changes to the approach of this disease and cite preliminary efforts where the knowledge has been translated into the clinical or preclinical setting.
Voidonikolas
Georgios
G
Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Kreml
Stephanie S
SS
Chen
Changyi
C
Fisher
William E
WE
Brunicardi
F Charles
FC
Gibbs
Richard A
RA
Gingras
Marie-Claude
MC
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins