title: Activities of daily living performed by individuals with SCI: relationships with physical fitness and leisure time physical activity.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine patterns of participation in activities of daily living (ADL) and fitness-related factors associated with these patterns among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation at McMaster University, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies at Queen's University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight participants completed the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) and a fitness test assessing cardiovascular fitness (VO(2max) and peak power output (Po)). The most commonly reported ADL were extracted from the PARA-SCI data for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women tended to spend more time participating in domestic and personal care ADL than men. Compared to individuals with tetraplegia, individuals with paraplegia tended to spend more time transferring, cleaning and preparing food and less time wheeling, toileting and dressing. Fitness and participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) were associated with certain ADL. Participants with higher levels of fitness spent more time partaking in ADL wheeling and cleaning. Moreover, greater time spent participating in moderate- and heavy-intensity LTPA was positively correlated with time spent engaged in certain ADL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By identifying common ADL performed by individuals with SCI, the study findings begin to provide direction for developing strategies to optimize ADL participation. Future research should examine fitness as a way to help individuals with SCI optimize their ADL participation.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hetz
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.forename: K A Martin
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ginis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires