title: Computer-based simulation of the Bielschowsky head-tilt test using the SEE++ software system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latest measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) allowed the integration of the simulation of the Bielschowsky head-tilt test (BHTT) into the SEE++ software system. SEE++ realizes a biomechanical model of the human eye in order to simulate eye motility disorders and strabismus surgeries. With the addition of the BHTT it can now also be used for differential-diagnostic simulations of complex disorders (e.g., superior oblique palsies).
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to simulate the BHTT in SEE++, the user can freely choose the desired head-tilt angle from -45 degrees to +45 degrees. The chosen angle is shown in the 3D view with a human body model and is also used in the calculation of the Hess-Lancaster test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The integration of the BHTT offers an additional improvement of the possibilities for simulating eye motility disorders. Moreover, SEE++ allows the creation of a video of the "virtual patient" while tilting the head from one side to the other, which shows dynamic changes in the simulated Hess-diagrams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparisons of simulation results with patient-measured data showed a good correlation between the simulated and the measured data. Further comparisons with patient data are planned.
authors.affiliation: RISC Software GmbH, Research Unit Medical-Informatics, Hagenberg, Austria. thomas.kaltofen@risc.uni-linz.ac.at
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaltofen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchberger
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priglinger
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D012984:Software