title: Neurosarcoidosis: clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease, which uncommonly affects nervous system. However, when present, it may affect both central and peripheral nervous systems and potentially mimics other chronic diseases of the nervous system. Pathogenesis of neurosarcoidosis remains largely unknown, and its diagnosis and management pose serious challenges to clinicians. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of neurosarcoidosis are necessary to produce satisfactory clinical outcomes. This review discusses clinical manifestations, current diagnostic studies, and currently available modalities for management of neurosarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Schwendimann
authors.forename: Meghan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Debra G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Toledo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pressly
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Romy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maghzi
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etemadifar
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saadatnia
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minagar
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents