title: In vitro anticancer property of a novel thalidomide analogue through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in HL-60 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anticancer property and possible mechanism of action of a novel sugar-substituted thalidomide derivative (STA-35) on HL-60 cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation was determined using a reporter gene assay. The MTT assay was used to measure cytotoxicity of the compound. The appearance of apoptotic Sub-G1 cells was detected by flow cytometry analysis. PARP cleavage and protein expression of NF-kappaB p65 and its inhibitor IkappaB were viewed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TA-35 (1-20 micromol/L) suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in transfected cells (HEK293/pNiFty-SEAP) in a dose- (1-20 micromol/L) and time-dependent (0-48 h) manner. It was also shown that STA-35 exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation with an IC(50) value of 9.05 micromol/L. In addition, STA-35 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, as indicated by the appearance of a Sub-G1 peak in the cell cycle distribution, as well as poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Subsequently, both NF-kappaB p65 and its inhibitor IkappaB gradually accumulated in cytoplasmic extracts in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating the blockage of NF-kappaB translocation induced by TNF-alpha from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel sugar-substituted thalidomide derivative, STA-35, is potent toward HL-60 cells in vitro and induces apoptosis by the suppression of NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: 1State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ya-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wen-yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Yan-xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhong-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C540001:1-O-methyl-2,3,4-tri-acetyl-6-tetrafluorophthalimido-6-deoxy-D-glucopyranose; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013792:Thalidomide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases