title: A comprehensive collection of experimentally validated primers for Polymerase Chain Reaction quantitation of murine transcript abundance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) is a widely applied analytical method for the accurate determination of transcript abundance. Primers for QPCR have been designed on a genomic scale but non-specific amplification of non-target genes has frequently been a problem. Although several online databases have been created for the storage and retrieval of experimentally validated primers, only a few thousand primer pairs are currently present in existing databases and the primers are not designed for use under a common PCR thermal profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We previously reported the implementation of an algorithm to predict PCR primers for most known human and mouse genes. We now report the use of that resource to identify 17483 pairs of primers that have been experimentally verified to amplify unique sequences corresponding to distinct murine transcripts. The primer pairs have been validated by gel electrophoresis, DNA sequence analysis and thermal denaturation profile. In addition to the validation studies, we have determined the uniformity of amplification using the primers and the technical reproducibility of the QPCR reaction using the popular and inexpensive SYBR Green I detection method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified an experimentally validated collection of murine primer pairs for PCR and QPCR which can be used under a common PCR thermal profile, allowing the evaluation of transcript abundance of a large number of genes in parallel. This feature is increasingly attractive for confirming and/or making more precise data trends observed from experiments performed with DNA microarrays.
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA. aspandidos@ccib.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spandidos
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dragnev
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thurber
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seed
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D020407:Internet; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger