title: Video monitoring and slide and video presentations as tools for surgical education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide medical students with good visualization and understanding of surgical procedures, we used video monitoring (Monitor) in the operating room and slide (Slide) and video (Video) presentation in the conferences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of these visual aids on surgical education.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-nine fifth- and sixth-year medical students completed a questionnaire regarding their visualization of, understanding of, and interest in all surgical procedures observed and procedures pertaining to their assigned patients. The score was collected on a Likert-type scores ranged from 1 for "poor" to 5 for "excellent".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visualization and understanding scores were significantly lower for direct observation than for Monitor (p<0.01 and p<0.001), Slide (p<0.001 and p<0.001) and Video (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Interest scores did not differ between observation methods. For all observation methods, understanding of and interest in the surgical procedures were significantly greater in relation to assigned patients than in relation to all patients observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video monitoring and slide and video presentations enhance students' understanding of and interest in surgical procedures. Contributing to the care of assigned patient also increases understanding of and interest in general surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Regulation of Organ Function, Miyazaki University School of Medicine, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotokezaka
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Tada-Aki
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Sei-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jimi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohuchida
authors.forename: Kohtaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D013337:Students, Medical; D014743:Videotape Recording