title: Estradiol and tamoxifen mediate rescue of the dominant-negative effects of estrogen response element-binding protein in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Biological responses to estrogens are dependent on the integrated actions of proteins, including the estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, that regulate the transcription of estrogen response element (ERE)-containing target genes. We have identified a naturally occurring ERE antagonist, termed an ERE-binding protein (BP). To verify that ERE-BP can induce estradiol (E(2)) resistance in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress this protein in breast tissue. Female transgenic mice with high levels of ERE-BP were unable to lactate, and we hypothesized that this effect was dependent on the relative levels of ERE-BP and ERalpha ligand. To test this hypothesis, wild-type and ERE-BP-expressing female mice were implanted with capsules containing E(2), the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, or placebo. Histological analysis of nonlactating mammary glands showed a 4.5-fold increase in gland branch number and 3.7-fold increase in ducts in ERE-BP mice treated with E(2) (7.5 mg, 21 d) compared with placebo-treated ERE-BP mice. Wild-type mice showed a 5.3-fold increase in branches and 1.4-fold increase in ducts under the same conditions. Similar results were obtained with tissue from lactating mice, in which tamoxifen also increased mammary gland branch number. Studies using ERE-BP-expressing MCF-7 breast cells showed that high doses of E(2) (1000 nM) restored normal ERalpha-chromatin interaction in these cells, whereas tamoxifen was able to achieve this effect at a dose of 10 nM. These data highlight the importance of ERE-BP as an attenuator of normal ERalpha signaling in vivo and further suggest that ERE-BP is a novel target for modulation by selective estrogen receptor modulators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewison
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C109132:SAFB protein, human; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D004958:Estradiol