title: Effect of in ovo threonine supplementation on early growth, immunological responses and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens.
abstract: 1. The effects of injecting threonine in ovo on early growth, some immunological responses and the activity of digestive enzymes of broiler chicks were investigated. Fertile eggs were distributed into 6 groups, each of 60. These were: untreated control, sham control, 10, 20, 30 or 40 mg threonine. Threonine was dissolved in 0.5 ml sterile saline and inoculated into the yolk sac of the 14-d-old embryo through the narrow end of the egg. 2. The ratio of chick to egg weight was 1.6% higher in the group given 30 mg threonine and at 28 d of age chicks receiving threonine were 29 to 79 g heavier than untreated controls. 3. Food conversion ratio until 7 d after hatching was improved in those chicks receiving 10, 20 or 40 mg threonine but there was no significant effect on the activities of amylase, pepsin or trypsin. 4. The humoral response to sheep red blood cells was significantly greater in those groups receiving 10, 20 or 30 mg threonine supplementation than in untreated controls. 5. The response to phytohaemagglutinin-P, a measure of the cell-mediated immune response, was not affected, however. 6. It is concluded that injections of 20 to 30 mg threonine into yolk sac can improve post-hatching growth and humoral responses of broiler chicks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, JNKVV Jabalpur. mukundkadam@gmail.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kadam
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhanja
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tyagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D014357:Trypsin; D010434:Pepsin A