title: [Effects of epidurally administration of morphine at thoracic level on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs in acute myocardial ischemia in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in lungs following coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and the effect of morphine pretreatment via epidural administration on its expression in the rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group), CAO group and morphine pretreatment group (M group), with 6 in each group. In S group the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was not occluded. In CAO group the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was occluded. In M group the rats were pre-treated with morphine 60 microg/kg by epidural injection 15 minutes before CAO. The right lung was harvested 3 hours after CAO. The expression of TNF-alpha in lungs was assessed with immuno- histochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunohistochemistry results showed, compared with S group (8.68+/-0.29,1.609+/-0.050), the positive unit and average light density of TNF-alpha in CAO group (24.55+/-6.25, 1.844+/-0.027) and M group (11.60+/-1.21,1.733+/-0.027) were higher significantly, while they were lower significantly in M group compared with CAO group (all P<0.01). ELISA results showed the level of TNF-alpha in the lung was significantly higher in CAO group [(221.58+/-5.23) ng/L] and M group [(103.45+/-4.56) ng/L] than that in S group [(47.14+/-1.36) ng/L], while it was significantly lower in M group compared with CAO group (all P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute myocardial ischemia could cause up-regulation of TNF-alpha in lungs, which is likely to be mediated by neural mechanisms. Opioid and its receptors in spinal cord might be involved in modulation of inflammatory reaction in the lung after acute coronary ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ri-Hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009020:Morphine