title: Extract of the Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan inhibited adjuvant arthritis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) and its modifications have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about one hundred years to alleviate pain and inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of HLXL on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced multiple-joint arthritis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Lewis rats, 190-210 g, were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 200 microl of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil (5 mg/ml). HLXL (2.30 and 4.60 g/kg) or vehicle control (n=8 per group) was administered orally (i.g.) once a day between days 16 and 25 post-CFA injection. The rats were observed for signs of arthritis with arthritic changes (erythema, edema, induration) being scored on a scale of 0-4 of increasing severity using a standard scoring system. The maximum arthritis score per rat was 16. A plethysmometer was used to measure edema volume in each paw. Adverse effects of HLXL were monitored by closely observing the animals for unusual behavioral changes. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in local tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 25 post-CFA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HLXL significantly decreased arthritis scores between days 23-25 in the 2.30 g/kg group and 21-25 in the 4.60 g/kg group (p<0.05). It reduced paw edema on days 22 and 24 in the 2.30 g/kg group and on days 20, 22 and 24 in the 4.60 g/kg group compared to control (p<0.05). Local tissue TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels on day 25 post-CFA injection were significantly (p<0.05) lower in rats treated with HLXL than in control rats. No observable adverse effects were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that HLXL produces significant anti-arthritic effects that may be mediated by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it appears to be safe.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 3rd Floor, James Kernan Hospital Man., 2200 Kernan Drive, Baltimore, MD 21207, USA.
authors.forename: Rui-Xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Arthur Yin
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: An-Nan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kamal D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: Zhong-Ze
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: David Yue-Wei
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Harry H S
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005528:Foot; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant