title: Quantitative iTRAQ proteome and comparative transcriptome analysis of elicitor-induced Norway spruce (Picea abies) cells reveals elements of calcium signaling in the early conifer defense response.
abstract: Long-lived conifer trees depend on both constitutive and induced defenses for resistance against a myriad of potential pathogens and herbivores. In species of spruce (Picea spp.), several of the late events of pathogen-, insect-, or elicitor-induced defense responses have previously been characterized at the anatomical, biochemical, transcriptome, and proteome levels in stems and needles. However, accurately measuring the early events of induced cellular responses in a conifer is technically challenging due to limitations in the precise timing of induction and tissue sampling from intact trees following insect or fungal treatment. In the present study, we used the advantages of Norway spruce (Picea abies) cell suspensions combined with chitosan elicitation to investigate the early proteome response in a conifer. A combination of iTRAQ labeling and a new design of iterative sample analysis employing data-dependent exclusion lists were used for proteome analysis. This approach improved the coverage of the spruce proteome beyond that achieved in any prior study in a conifer system. Comparison of elicitor-induced proteome and transcriptome responses in Norway spruce cells consistently identified features associated with calcium-mediated signaling and response to oxidative stress that have not previously been observed in the response of intact trees to fungal attack.
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Dustin N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ralph
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gershenzon
authors.forename: Kermit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ritland
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Borchers
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohlmann
mesh_terms: D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D028222:Picea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D048271:Chitosan