title: Appendix interposition for total left ureteral reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Appendix interposition has been described as an option for surgical reconstruction of partial and total ureteral defects both in children and adults. However, to our knowledge, appendix interposition for a total left ureteral reconstruction has never been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the first case of total left ureteral reconstruction with cecal appendix to connect the renal pelvis of a native kidney to the urinary bladder in a 3-month-old child with ureteral necrosis following pyeloplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Postoperative intravenous pyelogram showed good flow of dye from the pelvis past the appendicular graft into the bladder. After 6 months, the child was asymptomatic, within the normal growth curve for height and weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total ureteral reconstruction with cecal appendix is a feasible technique in young children. Surveillance for late operative complications is required, since this is the first case of total left ureteral reconstruction with appendix to connect the renal pelvis of a native kidney to the urinary bladder.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Santa Casa Hospital Complex, Santo Antonio Children's Hospital, Prof. Annes Dias Street, 285, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90020-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Trindade
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Deyl
authors.forename: Márcio Augusto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Averbeck
authors.forename: Gilberto Laurino
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Giovani Thomaz
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Pioner
authors.forename: Carlos Ary Vargas
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Souto
mesh_terms: D001065:Appendix / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*