title: [The patterns and prognostic factors of abdominal lymph node metastasis in patients with the middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the patterns of abdominal lymph node metastasis in patients with the middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with the middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from January 1998 to January 2003 were reviewed. There were 289 male and 79 female patients. The age ranged from 38 to 79 years, with a mean of 56 years. Preoperative clinical stage was stage I to III, and all patients underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. Follow-up was completed for all patients with a mean time of 68 months. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. COX regression analysis was performed to identify risk prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abdominal lymph node metastasis occurred in 58 (15.8%) patients, with 36.2% (21/58) of them being in stage T1 or T2. Skipping abdominal lymph node metastasis was recognized in 13.8% (8/58) patients, with all of them being in stage T1 or T2. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with abdominal lymph node metastasis (10.3%) was lower than that of those with thoracic lymph node metastasis (18.3%). The prognosis of patients with distant abdominal lymph node metastasis was bad, and nobody could survive over 5 years.COX analysis showed that 5 or more positive nodes and distant abdominal node metastasis were independent risk factors of patients with abdominal lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal lymph node metastasis in patients with the middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma occurs frequently, and the surgery favorable for extensive abdominal lymph node dissection should be selected. The prognosis of patients with abdominal lymph node metastasis is poor, especially those with more positive nodes and distant abdominal node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China. wz620226@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiang-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis