title: Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the analysis of triazophos and carbaryl pesticides in water and fruit juice samples.
abstract: In this work, a simple, rapid and sensitive sample pretreatment technique, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), has been developed to determine carbamate (carbaryl) and organophosphorus (triazophos) pesticide residues in water and fruit juice samples. Parameters, affecting the DLLME performance such as the kind and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, extraction time and salt concentration, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions (extraction solvent: tetrachloroethane, 15.0 microL; dispersive solvent: acetonitrile, 1.0 mL; no addition of salt and extraction time below 5s), the performance of the proposed method was evaluated. The enrichment factors for the carbaryl and triazophos were 87.3 and 275.6, respectively. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-1000 ng mL(-1) with correlation coefficients from 0.9991 to 0.9999. The limits of detection (LODs), based on signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3, ranged from 12.3 to 16.0 pg mL(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, for 10 ng mL(-1) of carbaryl and 20 ng mL(-1) of triazophos) varied from 1.38% to 2.74% (n=6). The environmental water (at the fortified level of 1.0 ng mL(-1)) and fruit juice samples (at the fortified level of 1.0 and 5.0 ng mL(-1)) were successfully analyzed by the proposed method, and the relative recoveries of them were in the range of 80.4-114.2%, 89.8-117.9% and 86.3-105.3%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xinna
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000379:methods*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005453:Fluorescence; D005638:Fruit; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D063086:Organothiophosphates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012492:Salts; D012997:Solvents; D014230:Triazoles; D014867:Water; C012584:triazophos; D012721:Carbaryl