title: A catalogue of Triticum monococcum genes encoding toxic and immunogenic peptides for celiac disease patients.
abstract: The celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the small-intestine on exposure to the gluten of wheat, barley and rye. The involvement of gluten in the CD syndrome has been studied in detail in bread wheat, where a set of "toxic" and "immunogenic" peptides has been defined. For wheat diploid species, information on CD epitopes is poor. In the present paper, we have adopted a genomic approach in order to understand the potential CD danger represented by storage proteins in diploid wheat and sequenced a sufficiently large number of cDNA clones related to storage protein genes of Triticum monococcum. Four bona fide toxic peptides and 13 immunogenic peptides were found. All the classes of storage proteins were shown to contain harmful sequences. The major conclusion is that einkorn has the full potential to induce the CD syndrome, as already evident for polyploid wheats. In addition, a complete overview of the storage protein gene arsenal in T. monococcum is provided, including a full-length HMW x-type sequence and two partial HMW y-type sequences.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Unità di Ricerca per la Selezione dei Cereali e la Valorizzazione delle varietà vegetali (CRA-SCV), Via Forlani 3, 26866, S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy. patrizia.vaccino@entecra.it
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaccino
authors.forename: Heinz-Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandolini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salamini
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kilian
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004171:Diploidy; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics; D015723:Gene Library; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005903:Gliadin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D005983:Glutens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D000939:Epitopes; D010455:Peptides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin; C037302:glutenin