title: Sulcus configurations of vocal folds during phonation.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed understanding of clinical and voice characteristics will help to differentiate sulcus configuration and plan rational management strategies for each type.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical and voice characteristics of patients with sulcus configuration of vocal folds during phonation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 146 patients with bilateral sulcus configuration of vocal folds were enrolled in this study. Based on videostroboscopic findings, patients were classified into three groups: physiologic sulcus configuration group (type I), pathologic sulcus configuration group, including sulcus vergeture (type II), and sulcus vocalis (type III). Voice analyses were obtained from a recorded speech sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients (21.9%) were type I, 61 (41.8%) were type II, and 53 (36.3%) were type III. Different sulcus configuration groups had significantly different roughness and mean fundamental frequency. Type III was significantly different from type I and type II in grade, breathiness, mean flow rate, subglottic pressure, maximum phonation time, Jitter%, and harmonics to noise ratio. The pathologic sulcus showed distinctive features in electroglottograph waveform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Yol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jaeock
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang-Moon
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001307:Auditory Perception; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult