title: Nurse responsiveness to cancer patient expressions of emotion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This theoretically based study examined nurse responses to cancer patient expressions of emotion using a videotaped, simulated cancer patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used an experimental crossover design with a videotaped patient expressing anger, sadness, and neutral emotion to elicit nurse responses. Seventy-four nurses from eight sites participated. Responses were coded using Roter interaction analysis system. Correlations explored relationships between variables that impact communication (age, gender, work experience, trait anxiety, work stress, self-efficacy). Regression models explored the effect of variables on nurse affective responsiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient expressions of sadness elicited more affective responses than anger. Expressions of anger or neutral emotion elicited more instrumental behaviors than sadness. Variables such as age, work stress and work experience were significantly correlated. No variables predicted affective responsiveness to patient expressions of anger or sadness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse communication showed significant variation in response to patient emotional expressions. Understanding the relationships between demographic, personality, and work variables, and identification of new variables that influence nurse-patient communication, has implications for interventional studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 90% of the participants indicated that the videotape simulation would be a useful method for teaching and practicing communication skills with patients expressing emotions.
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph Hospital, Nashua, Bedford, NH 03110, USA. l.kennedysheld@comcast.net
authors.forename: Lisa Kennedy
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ellington
authors.forename: Roseann
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Margaret F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003142:Communication; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013637:Tape Recording