title: Cultural influences in the aetiological beliefs of saudi arabian primary care patients about their symptoms: the association of religious and psychological beliefs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a self-report questionnaire to measure the beliefs of Arabic primary care patients about the causes of their physical symptoms; to use this to quantify the beliefs of patients consulting their general practitioners (GPs) in Saudi Arabia; and to test whether patients with psychological problems differ from others in their beliefs, particularly religious and supernatural beliefs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (N = 224) completed a specially developed aetiological beliefs' questionnaire. Patients were divided into two groups (cases and non-cases of emotional disorder) according to the GHQ-12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Religious and supernatural aspects of culture colour patients' symptom beliefs: that their symptoms were a test or punishment from Allah' was the most common belief. Even in non-cases, around half the patients also endorsed nerves and stress as a cause of their physical symptoms. Cases were more likely than non-cases to endorse items related to both religious and psychological factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no support for the view that Saudi Arabian patients explain symptoms supernaturally as a way of denying psychological factors. GPs and health professionals in Saudi primary care need to understand what patients believe to be the cause of their problems and to appreciate that religious and psychological beliefs are both very common. GPs should address psychological beliefs and concerns even with those patients who present physical symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. mmjbhhal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alqahtani
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salmon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003469:Culture; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult