title: The role of living models in the teaching of surface anatomy: some experiences from a UK Medical School.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite recommendations stemming from the 1930s espousing the value of a living anatomy component in undergraduate medical education, living anatomy remains relatively under described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this article, we explore the role of the living anatomy model in living anatomy teaching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our report is based on a larger ethnographic study of living anatomy classes, undertaken at Peninsula Medical School between 2002 and 2004. A Research Fellow participated as an observer in 24 Year One and Year Two anatomy classes in which living anatomy models were employed. The findings are based on field notes and conversations with models, students and tutors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the supervised context of the anatomy class the living models assisted students in the learning of structure, function, surface anatomy and body variation. Far from being 'passive sites' for the students to practice their anatomical knowledge, the living models were active participants in class, assisting students with their communication skills, sharing anatomical knowledge, offering guidance to staff and sharing their past medical history and experiences. Living anatomy models can foster an additional dimension of humanitarian thinking within the anatomy class; however, further research needs to focus on the power messages implicit in the organization of sessions.
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Peninsula Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK. tracey.collett@pms.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Collett
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirvell
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakorn
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom