title: Network analyses of differentially expressed proteins in amniotic fluid supernatant associated with abnormal human karyotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the functional roles of differentially expressed proteins in the amniotic fluid supernatant (AFS) with abnormal karyotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic and clinical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of AFS from 34 fetuses with normal-karyotype, 17 with trisomy 18, and 19 with trisomy 21.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional chromatography followed by mass spectrometry to identify the proteins differentially expressed in AFS of trisomy-18 or trisomy-21 fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differentially expressed proteins were confirmed with Western blot analysis and ELISA. The roles of biologic networks in the pathophysiology of aneuploidies were analyzed using MetaCore mapping tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of apolipoprotein A1, AP-3mu, and antitrypsin were significantly decreased in trisomy-18 AFS, whereas placental protein-14 was increased. On the other hand, apolipoprotein A1 was decreased in trisomy-21 AFS, but antitrypsin, prealbumin, and transferrin were increased in trisomy 21. Biologic network analyses revealed that the proteins of the trisomy-18 AFS network were involved in immune processes, dysfunction of skin pigmentation, and platelet disorders, whereas those of trisomy 21 were associated with dysfunctional lipid and cholesterol metabolism, processes of metal ion transport, adenosine triphosphate metabolism, and energy-coupled protein transport.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of quantitative proteomics and functional network analyses may integrally analyze the pathophysiology of abnormal karyotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Hao
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: An-Shine
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Jen-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Yao-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Po-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shuenn-Dyh
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsin-Shih
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000379:methods; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012016:Reference Values; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014314:Trisomy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins