Nitroglycerin and epinephrine improve coronary perfusion pressure in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation arrest: a pilot study.
BACKGROUND
Cardiac arrest remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005 recommend epinephrine for its treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate whether the administration of a vasodilatator such as nitroglycerin in combination with epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation would improve resuscitation outcome in an established model of ventricular fibrillation.


METHODS



METHODS
Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study.


METHODS
Animal research laboratory. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 20 Landrace/Large-White pigs. It remained untreated for 8 min before attempting resuscitation precordial compressions, mechanical ventilation, and electrical defibrillation. Animals were randomized into two groups, 10 animals each. Group A received saline as placebo (10 mL dilution, bolus) and epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg). Group B received nitroglycerin (50 microg/kg) and epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Electrical defibrillation was attempted after 10 min of ventricular fibrillation.


RESULTS
Four animals in group A restored spontaneous circulation in comparison to eight in Group B. Coronary perfusion pressure (p < 0.0001) was significantly increased in Group B during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


CONCLUSIONS
A vasodilatator, when administered in combination with a vasopressor such as epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, increases coronary perfusion pressure.
Kitsou
Vassiliki
V
Department of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
Xanthos
Theodoros
T
Stroumpoulis
Konstantinos
K
Rokas
George
G
Papadimitriou
Dimitrios
D
Serpetinis
Ioannis
I
Dontas
Ismene
I
Perrea
Despina
D
Kouskouni
Evangelia
E
D000818:Animals; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
D013566:Sympathomimetics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D004837:Epinephrine