title: [The psychometric properties of the new Turkish generic health-related quality of life questionnaire for children (Kid-KINDL)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments available that have been validated for use with Turkish children. The Kid-KINDL is a generic measure of children's (8-12 years) HRQOL, which contains 24 categorical items that assess 6 dimensions (physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, and school). The Kid-KINDL is available in many languages. Following an elaborate translation procedure and cognitive focus group interviews, the Kid-KINDL was adopted into Turkish. This paper describes the psychometric properties of the new Turkish Kid-KINDL.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 1918 children aged 8-12 years at a school in Manisa completed the Kid-KINDL. A confirmatory approach was used for validity and reliability analysis. Using the Multi-trait/Multi-item analysis program (MAP) item-internal consistency and item-discriminant validity were calculated to confirm the instrument's structure. Likert scaling assumptions were tested and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied as well. After modification of 2 unsatisfactory items the Kid-KINDL was administered to a different group of 84 randomly selected children and the analyses were repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha was 0.35-0.78 before and 0.54-0.78 after the scales was modified. MAP-scaling success was 60%-100% before and 90%-100% after the modification. CFA confirmed the Kid-KINDL structure for the original version (RMSEA = 0.077) was less than the modified version (RMSEA = 0.059), although for the latter the sample was rather small. Floor effects were negligible, and ceiling effects reached 19%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the Turkish Kid-KINDL was a reliable and factorially valid assessment of the children's HRQOL. The modifications made to the 2 unsatisfactory items increased the psychometric quality of the scale.
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar U Tip Fak., Halk Sağliği AD. e.eser@bayar.edu.tr
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baydur
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erhart
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saatli
authors.forename: Beyhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cengiz Ozyurt
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens-Sieberer
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002666:Psychology, Child; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014421:Turkey