title: Presentation and outcome following radical cystectomy in Hispanics with bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant racial and ethnic differences in the epidemiology of bladder cancer (BC) exist. Studies have shown African Americans to have lower incidence of bladder cancer than Caucasians, but higher incidence of invasive BC. Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States. However, no reported studies on bladder cancer among Hispanics are available to date. As our center is in a unique position to study BC in Hispanic patients we were prompted to assess presentation and outcome of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for BC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and May 2006, 448 RC were performed. All relevant data were collected and entered into a database. Patients were categorized by ethnicity as Hispanic and non-Hispanic White. African-American and other minority groups were excluded because of the small number. Comparative analysis of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  67 (17%) patients were Hispanic. Mean follow-up period was 41 (SD +/- 40) months. Clinical and pathological data between these two groups were compared. Pre-cystectomy T stage was not significantly different between both groups. However, after RC incidence of < or = T1 disease in Hispanics was lower (22%) than Caucasians (37%). This difference, statistically significant (P = 0.024) indicates that Hispanics who undergo RC present with higher stage disease. Kaplan-Meier log rank test indicated a difference in disease free survival and disease specific survival between the two groups but however it did not reach statistical significance (Log Rank P = 0.082, P = 0.063). No significant difference in overall survival was observed (P = 0.465).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanic patients managed with RC for bladder carcinoma present with higher stage disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. mmanoharan@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayyathurai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Los Santos
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soloway
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*