title: Ionic liquids as desorption solvents and memory effect suppressors in heterocyclic aromatic amines determination by SPME-HPLC fluorescence.
abstract: The beneficial effects of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIm-BF(4)) ionic liquid (IL) as mobile phase additive, desorption solvent, and memory effect suppressor in solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of six heterocyclic aromatic amines have been evaluated for the first time. Several chromatographic parameters have been evaluated in the presence or absence of IL or using triethylamine as the most common mobile phase additive, with a Nova-Pak C18 stationary phase. This IL was found to be clearly superior to triethylamine for efficiency as well as peak shape enhancement and sensitivity increase. SPME was chosen because it is faster than conventional extraction techniques and allowed us to minimize the use of organic solvents. However, memory effect may become a problem when a high-sensitivity detector is used. The appropriate conditions for the desorption step and to eliminate the memory effect involving BMIm-BF(4) were established and optimized. The method was applied for the determination of these compounds in commercial meat extracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Calero
authors.forename: Juan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Venerando
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C419324:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; D000588:Amines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012997:Solvents