title: Safety and immunogenicity of a pentavalent vaccine compared with separate administration of licensed equivalent vaccines in US infants and toddlers and persistence of antibodies before a preschool booster dose: a randomized, clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a combination vaccine (DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib; Pentacel) with that of its separately administered, US-licensed equivalent vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP(5); Daptacel], inactivated poliovirus vaccine [IPV; IPOL], and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib] vaccine [ActHIB]), when administered to infants and toddlers concomitantly with other routinely recommended vaccines and to assess antibody persistence from the fourth dose in toddlers to the fifth (preschool) DTaP(5) dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, multicenter study, 1939 healthy infants were immunized at 2, 4, and 6 months of age with 1 of 3 lots of DTaP(5) coadministered with IPV and Hib vaccines or 1 lot of DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib combination vaccine. Subsequently, 849 of these study participants were given a fourth dose of DTaP(5) and Hib vaccines or a fourth dose of DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib at 1 to 16 months of age. Safety was monitored throughout the study, and blood specimens were obtained to assess antibody responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib elicited similar or fewer solicited injection-site and systemic reactions as compared with the separate administration of US-licensed DTaP(5), IPV, and Hib vaccines. Seroresponse and seroprotection rates elicited by DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib were noninferior to US-licensed equivalent vaccines after the infant series and after the fourth dose. Children immunized with DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib had higher antibody geometric mean concentrations to pertussis toxoid and filamentous hemagglutinin; children immunized with the separate vaccines had higher responses to pertactin. Hib antibody responses to Hib polysaccharide were nearly identical in the DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib and separate-vaccine groups. Persistence of antibodies to the fifth (preschool) dose was also similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib combination vaccine was shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated. No clinically important differences in the safety or immunologic profiles were noted for DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib versus the separately administered, US-licensed equivalent vaccines. DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib is a suitable replacement for separately administered DTaP, IPV, and Hib vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Blatter
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichichero
authors.forename: Fernando R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Noriega
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014481:United States; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C512971:pentacel