[Mesenteric lymph nodes, a sanctuary for the persistance of HIV. Escape mechanisms].
The identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir has been the center of extensive research for 25 years. In a recent work published in Cell Death and Differentiation, we show that mesenteric lymph nodes which drain intestine could represent the main reservoir for the virus. This concept has been established in a rhesus macaque model. Moreover, among the mechanisms associated with the lack of viral control, we suggest a major role of apoptosis in the death of CD8 T cells. This programmed cell death is associated with increased expression of immunosuppressive factors in lymph nodes such as TGF-b and two molecules regulating lymphocyte metabolism, IDO and PD-1. In this context, the virus benefits from the immune suppression which prevails within this "sanctuary", which offers optimal conditions for its persistence.
Estaquier
Jérôme
J
Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. estaquier@yahoo.fr
Hurtrel
Bruno
B
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008643:Mesentery; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D017735:Virus Latency
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta