title: Clostridial typhlitis associated with topical antibiotic therapy in a Syrian hamster.
abstract: A Syrian hamster that had been treated with topical antibiotic ointment for 10 days following injuries sustained during fighting was presented moribund. Postmortem and microscopic examinations revealed lesions consistent with clostridial typhlitis and enteritis. Anaerobic culture of caecal contents resulted in the isolation of two Clostridium species, and caecal contents contained Clostridium difficile enterotoxins. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of acute C. difficile enterotoxaemia was made. This report discusses the pathogenesis of C. difficile enterotoxaemia and the potential role of topical antibiotic ointment therapy in initiating the disease.
authors.affiliation: Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA. alworth@uga.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alworth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fish
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000009:adverse effects; D002432:Cecum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009355:Neomycin / Q000009:adverse effects; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000009:adverse effects; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004768:Enterotoxins; C035598:enterotoxin, Clostridium; D001414:Bacitracin; D009355:Neomycin; D011112:Polymyxin B