title: An adjustable triple-bifurcation unit model for air-particle flow simulations in human tracheobronchial airways.
abstract: A new methodology for a swift and accurate computer simulation of large segments of the human lung airways is presented. Focusing on a representative tracheobronchial (TB) region, i.e., G0-G15, nano- and micron particle transports have been simulated for Q(in)=30 lmin, employing an experimentally validated computer model. The TB tree was geometrically decomposed into triple-bifurcation units with kinematically adjusted multilevel outlet/inlet conditions. Deposition patterns and maximum concentrations differ greatly between nanoparticles (1< or =d(p)< or =150 nm) and micron particles (1< or =d(p)< or =10 microm), which may relate uniquely to health impacts. In comparison with semi-analytical particle deposition results, it is shown that such simple "lung models" cannot predict local deposition values but can match computer simulation results for the entire TB region within 2.5-26%. The present study revealed that turbulent air-particle flow may propagate to G5 for the assumed inhalation flow rate. Geometry and upstream effects are more pronounced for micron particle deposition than for nanoparticle deposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7910, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleinstreuer
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D001980:Bronchi / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology*