title: Exposure to hydrogen peroxide and eye and nose symptoms among workers in a beverage processing plant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken on workers in a beverage processing plant to investigate the association between low H(2)O(2) exposure and symptoms of irritation (2005 study) and to investigate the effect of wearing respiratory protection (2006 study).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 69 workers exposed to H(2)O(2) in sterile chambers and 65 unexposed controls. The exposure was assessed from measurements and work task information from employment records. The severity of work-related symptoms was evaluated using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test, multiple linear regression and analysis of variance for repeated measures of symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms of eye, nose and throat irritation were significantly (P < 0.001) more severe among exposed workers compared to controls. Exposure values were occasionally above American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) in the sterile chambers. The relationship between the severity of symptoms and the number of entrances in the chambers was significant (P < 0.0001) in 2005 but not in 2006, when respirators were used during work in the sterile chamber. No differences were found between exposed who entered a sterile chamber in 2005 but not in 2006 and exposed who entered a sterile chamber both in 2005 and 2006. This suggests that respirators provided an efficient protection and that the irritative effects of exposure to H(2)O(2) in 2005 did not disappear after 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The source of risk was exposure in the sterile chamber, even though the time of exposure was generally only approximately 30 min. To ensure complete worker protection, there is a need for a short-term exposure limit for H(2)O(2) in addition to the existing ACGIH TLV-TWA value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy. giuseppe.mastrangelo@unipd.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanibellato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scoizzato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rylander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide