title: Mixed models showed no need for initial response monitoring after starting antihypertensive therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate how mixed models may be used to estimate treatment effects, and inform decisions on the need for monitoring initial response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed models were used to analyze data from the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS), which examined the effects of perindopril and indapamide in 6,105 patients at high risk of a cerebrovascular event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean effect of perindopril was to lower blood pressure (BP) (systolic/diastolic) by 6/3 mmHg. The mean effects of perindopril/indapamide varied according to baseline BP, and lowering of BP ranged from 9/5 to 14/5 mmHg (for individuals with a baseline systolic BP <140 and >150 mmHg, respectively). We found no variation in the effects of treatment on BP for either perindopril alone or in combination with indapamide. The effects of treatment on the individual can be predicted from the mean effect of treatment for the group (perindopril) or baseline systolic BP subgroup (perindopril/indapamide).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring initial treatment response is unnecessary for antihypertensives similar to those examined in this study. To address this issue for other therapies, we suggest that trials should report estimates of treatment effects from mixed models, and the CONSORT statement should be expanded to include this item.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. katyb@health.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Katy J L
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayen
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macaskill
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Les
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irwig
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007190:Indapamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020913:Perindopril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007190:Indapamide; D020913:Perindopril