title: Having to identify a target reduces latencies in prosaccades but not in antisaccades.
abstract: In a princeps study, Trottier and Pratt (2005) showed that saccadic latencies were dramatically reduced when subjects were instructed to not simply look at a peripheral target (reflexive saccade) but to identify some of its properties. According to the authors, the shortening of saccadic reactions times may arise from a top-down disinhibition of the superior colliculus (SC), potentially mediated by the direct pathway connecting frontal/prefrontal cortex structures to the SC. Using a "cue paradigm" (a cue preceded the appearance of the target), the present study tests if the task instruction (Identify vs. Glance) also reduces the latencies of antisaccades (AS), which involve prefrontal structures. We show that instruction reduces latencies for prosaccade but not for AS. An AS requires two processes: the inhibition of a reflexive saccade and the generation of a voluntary saccade. To separate these processes and to better understand the task effect we also test the effect of the task instruction only on voluntary saccades. The effect still exists but it is much weaker than for reflexive saccades. The instruction effect closely depends on task demands in executive resources.
authors.affiliation: Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Lab, CNRS UMR 5216, Department Image and Signal, INPG 46 Avenue Félix Viallet, 38031, Grenoble Cedex, France. nathalie.guyader@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guyader
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malsert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marendaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056344:Executive Function; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades; D055815:Young Adult