title: Partner's smoking status and acute coronary syndrome: population-based case-control study in Tirana, Albania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between partners' smoking status and acute coronary syndrome in never smokers in Albania.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based case-control study was conducted in Tirana in the period 2003-2006. It involved 467 consecutive patients with non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and 737 controls. Only married never-smokers (169 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 323 controls) were included in the analysis. Information on socioeconomic status, coronary risk factors, and partners' current smoking status was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between partner's smoking status and acute coronary syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients with acute coronary syndrome, 49% of women and 25% of men had a partner who was a current smoker, as opposed to 44% of women and 16% of men in the control group. In age-adjusted models, non-smoking men with smoking partners had a greater acute coronary syndrome risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-3.18), while no association was found in women with smoking partners (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.48-2.30). After adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics, coronary risk factors, and psychosocial factors, the acute coronary syndrome risk in men was somewhat lower (1.68; 95% CI, 0.81-3.47), while for women it was somewhat greater but still non-significant (1.19; 95% CI, 0.25-5.64). Sex-pooled estimate of the risk was OR 1.64 (95% CI, 0.96-2.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partner's current smoking status was positively associated with a greater acute coronary syndrome risk in men but not in women, both before and after adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics and coronary risk factors. Programs aimed at reducing the exposure to passive smoking are need in countries with high prevalence of active smoking.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Rr. Dibres No. 371, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sulo
authors.forename: Genc
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burazeri
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kark
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000415:Albania / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution