title: Toll-like receptors-related genes in kidney transplant patients with chronic allograft nephropathy and acute rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toll-like receptors (TLR) comprehend an emerging family of receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and promote the activation of leukocytes. Surgical trauma and ischemia-reperfusion injury are likely to provide exposure to endogenous ligands for TLR in virtually all kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macroarray (GEArray OHS-018.2 Series-Superarray) analyses of 128 genes involved in TLR signaling pathway were performed in nephrectomy samples of patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and acute rejection (AR, vascular and non vascular). The analysis of each membrane was performed by GEArray Expression Analysis Suite 2.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroarray profile identified a gene expression signature that could discriminate CAN and AR. Three genes were significantly expressed between CAN and vascular AR: Pellino 2; IL 8 and UBE2V1. In relation to vascular and non-vascular AR, there were only two genes with statistical significance: IL-6 and IRAK-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular and non-vascular AR and CAN showed different expression of a few genes in TLR pathway. The analysis of nephrectomy showed that activation of TLR pathway is present in AR and CAN.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology - Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Viviane Campos
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ponciano
authors.forename: Erika L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Geórgia D M
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Marcos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cenedeze
authors.forename: Niels Olsen Saraiva
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Câmara
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Silva
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C507771:IRAK3 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases