title: Treatment of asymptomatic rectal Chlamydia trachomatis: is single-dose azithromycin effective?
abstract: Rectal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis affects approximately 7% of men having sex with men (MSM), attending departments of Genito-Urinary (GU) Medicine [Manavi et al. Int J STD AIDS 2004;15:162-4], and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the treatment of uncomplicated genital C. trachomatis infection include 1 g of single-dose oral azithromycin as a recommended regimen [BASHH 2006]. A retrospective analysis was performed on case-notes from all patients diagnosed with rectal C. trachomatis infection in the department of GU Medicine, Edinburgh for the one-year period from 1 June 2005. Of 101 new episodes of rectal chlamydial infection, only 9% were associated with anorectal symptoms. Excluding these, 85% of asymptomatic patients were treated with a single dose of azithromycin 1 g orally, with a calculated treatment failure rate of 13% (nine of 68). This suggests that single-dose azithromycin may be a less than effective treatment in asymptomatic rectal C. trachomatis infection. The potential treatment failure rate with this regimen emphasizes the need for a test of cure at the appropriate interval following treatment to ensure clearance of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Health, Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UL. Nicola.Steedman@coch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Steedman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McMillan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin