title: Evaluation of the potential cytotoxicity of metals associated with implanted biomaterials (I).
abstract: The present assessments of potential toxicity of metal ions (Al, Ni, Cr, V, and Ag) that construct the metallic biomaterials were carried out in vitro. By measurements of cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reduction ability of cell methyl tetrazolium (MTT), the cytotoxicity of prevalence metallic biomaterials has been investigated. Furthermore, the poison and erosion of metal ions and atoms on human tissue are discussed. Research results indicated that trace Cr(VI) showed serious cytotoxicity and Ni as well as V are cytotoxic if the ion concentration in culture medium is over 100 micromol x L(-1) and 1 micromol x L(-1), respectively. A strange phenomenon is that Ag also is cytotoxic if the ion concentration is higher than 500 micromol x L(-1). Al ion is biphasic in cytotoxicity. At low ion concentration (< 10 micromol x L(-1)), Al ions can stimulate cell proliferation, whereas at concentrations over 1,000 micromol x L(-1), cytotoxicity increases.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P. R. China. zhou7381@126.com
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qingquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003603:Cytotoxins; D008670:Metals