title: The thalidomide analog 3-phthalimido-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid improves the biliary cirrhosis in the rat.
abstract: Chronic cholestasis and cholangitis may lead to the last phase known as biliary cirrhosis, characterized by cellular necrosis, apoptosis, tissue damage, local regeneration, inflammation and fibrosis. Such events are mediated by cytokines. Thalidomide and its analogs have shown to be effective immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of a thalidomide analog, the 3-phthalimido-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (PDA), on bile duct obstruction-induced cirrhosis. Vehicle or PDA (67 mg/kg) was orally administered twice a day to sham (Sham) or bile duct-ligated (BDL) male Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after treatments. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities as well as direct and total bilirubins concentration were determined in plasma. Lipid peroxidation (LP), glycogen and collagen were quantified in liver; in addition, histopathology was performed. PDA improved cholestasis, necrosis and fibrosis by significantly diminishing most of liver injury markers (P<0.05). Histopathology also showed remarkable liver damage amelioration. PDA effectiveness may be due to its water-solubility, stability, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory and immunomodulatory actions. Thalidomide and its analogs seem to be promising drugs for further treatment of biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Area Académica de Medicina, I.C.Sa.-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Calle Dr. Eliseo Ramírez Ulloa no. 400, Hidalgo, Mexico. efernan@uaeh.reduaeh.mx
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Martínez
authors.forename: Nury
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pérez-Hernández
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muriel
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez-Alvarez
authors.forename: Mineko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005355:Fibrosis; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D013792:Thalidomide