title: Long-term application of computer-based pleoptics in home therapy: selected results of a prospective multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The paper presents selected results of a prospective multicenter study. The reported study was aimed at the evaluation of a software-based stimulation method of computer training applied in addition to occlusion as a complementary treatment for therapy-resistant cases of amblyopia. The stimulus was a drifting sinusoidal grating of a spatial frequency of 0.3 cyc/deg and a temporal frequency of 1 cyc/sec, reciprocally coordinated with each other to a drift of 0.33 deg/sec. This pattern was implemented as a background stimulus into simple computer games to bind attention by sensory-motor coordination tasks. According to an earlier proposed hypothesis, the stimulation aims at the provocation of stimulus-induced phase-coupling in order to contribute to the refreshment of synchronization and coordination processes in the visual transmission channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the outcome of the therapy, we studied the development of the visual acuity during a period of 6 months. Our cooperating partners of this prospective multicenter study were strabologic departments in ophthalmic clinics and private practices as well. For the issue of therapy control, a partial sample of 55 patients from an overall sample of 198 patients was selected, according to the criterion of strong therapy resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The visual acuity was increased about two logarithmic steps by an occlusion combined with computer training in addition to the earlier obtained gain of the same amount by occlusion alone. Recalculated relatively to the duration of the therapy periods, the computer training combined with occlusion was found to be about twice as effective as the preceding occlusion alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of combined computer training and occlusion show an additional increase of the same amount as the preceding occlusion alone, which yielded at its end no further advantage to the development of visual acuity in the selected sample of our 55 therapy-resistant patients. In a concluding theoretical note, a preliminary hypothesis about the neuronal mechanisms of the stimulus-induced treatment effect is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Psychologie, Dresden, Germany. uwe.kaempf@psychologie.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kämpf
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamshinova
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaschtschenko
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mascolus
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pillunat
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haase
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009988:Orthoptics; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D012984:Software; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult