title: Thirty-degree optical system for laparoscopic training.
abstract: The training systems used by starting laparoscopic surgeons for visual and motor adaptation employ zero-degree optics. However, as new laparoscopic surgery techniques make such optics obsolete, there is a need to design training and adaptation tools with other optics.
authors.affiliation: CINVESTAV-IPN (Research and Advanced Studies Center of the National Polytechnic Institute), Department of Electrical Engineering, Bioelectronics Section, Mexico City, Mexico. aminor@cinvestav.mx
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minor Martínez
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordorica Flores
authors.forename: Jose Luis Ortiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055096:Optical Devices