title: Analysis of growth kinetics and proliferative heterogeneity of Lewis lung carcinoma cells growing as unfed culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the growth kinetics and proliferative heterogeneity of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells during their growth in monolayer for 5 days without replacement of culture medium (unfed culture).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell biology methods, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) detection (ELISA), enzymatic glucose-oxidase method for glucose measurements, mathematical modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Created mathematical model showed good fit to experimental data; that allowed to determine kinetic (model) parameters of LLC cells and predict the changes in number of proliferating and quiescent cells (proliferative heterogeneity) during their growth. It was shown that growth kinetics of viable LLC cells possesses non-monotonous character - during first three days of growth the number of cells raised exponentially, with following decrease after the maximal level was achieved. At the same time the decrease of number of viable cells/increase of number of dead cells has been observed upon complete depletion of culture medium by glucose content. Glucose dependence of cell transition rate from proliferation to resting state predicted by mathematical model possessed a pronounced two-phase character. At a wide range of relatively high glucose concentrations (> 1.0 mg/ml) the transition rate was close to zero. At concentrations lower than 0.7 mg/ml, the rate of transition swiftly increased resulting in sharp change in cellular composition. At an interval from 70 to 90 h, practically all proliferating cells transited to a resting state. The rate of quiescent cell death was relatively low, and this was in part caused by too low level of glucose consumption compared to proliferating cells. It was shown that during LLC cells growth VEGF production rate decreased monotonously in spite of the fact that the level of VEGF in incubation medium increased monotonously. Observed monotonous decrease of VEGF production rate could not be explained by VEGF degradation in incubation medium (our results displayed the stability of VEGF molecule during investigations).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weak dependence of cell transition rate from proliferating to resting state from glucose level (> 0.7 mg/ml) and low rate of cell death provided slow decrease of the pool of quiescent cells in the population, thus significantly increasing their chance to survive upon nutritional deficiency.
authors.affiliation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Pyaskovskaya
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kolesnik
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kolobov
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Vovyanko
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Solyanik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005947:Glucose