title: [Bidimensional-ultrasound guided-craniotomy in the excision of supratentorial brain tumours].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With this 1-year retrospective study we aimed to analyze our experience on the utilization of real-time bidimensional (2-D) ultrasonography as an aid for the localization of deep-seated supratentorial brain tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the year 2006 we performed 2-D ultrasonographic localization studies in patients undergoing excision of subcortical supratentorial brain tumours whose nature was pathologically proven. The ultrasound machines utilized were 2410 A ultrasounds HP and Phillips HDI 3500 ATL. To check gross anatomical structures we used a 3 MHz probe and then a 5 MHz sound to define the brain tumour characteristics. Coronal and sagittal cuts were obtained during parietal or temporal craniotomies, and axial and sagittal slices in the case of frontal masses. After brain tumour removal and after a thorough irrigation with saline, new image acquisitions were performed to confirm the completeness of tumour excision. The amount of removed tumour was also verified by a post-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scan performed after the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group was composed by 30 patients with ages comprised between 28 and 82 years. The time required for tumour localization was 17.5 (+/- 1.9) min. The lesions were approached though 8 temporal, 7 parieto-occipital, 8 parietal, 2 fronto-parietal and 5 temporo-parietal craniotomies. Mean depth of the lesions was 5.3 (+/- 1.6) cm. The histopathologic diagnosis was 17 high-grade gliomas, 3 low-grade astrocytomas, 8 metastatic lesions and 2 oligo-astrocytomas. High-grade gliomas were more echogenic than low-grade tumours and than oedema. No residual tumour was detected at the end of the surgery except in two cases in which a tumoral rest was left due to the proximity of the lesion to eloquent cerebral areas. Postoperative CT scans confirmed the completeness of tumour removal in the patients of the study as assessed by intraoperative ultrasounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time 2-D ultrasonography affords an adequate image quality for performing guided-craniotomy in supratentorial brain tumours, as it allows for a safe and accurate localization of the lesions. Its use is mainly indicated in the removal of tumours located in, or close to, important anatomical and functional brain areas and to depict the presence of tumour rests after surgical removal of cerebral neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Hernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Palazón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reus-Pintado
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Garrido-Gómez
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*