title: Effect of isoproterenol on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is the main mechanism resulting in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Because of its ability to stimulate endogenous melatonin production, isoproterenol is one of the most powerful antioxidant drugs. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of isoproterenol on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty two young male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: of group A were controls that received placebo; group B, received intraperitoneal isoproterenol (20 mg/kg/d) alone; group C, intravenous cyclosporine (15 mg/kg/d) alone; and group D, both drugs simultaneously at the same doses and durations namely cyclosporine 1 week after administration of isoproterenol. Blood samples to measure serum urea, creatinine, and melatonin levels were drawn four times for each group: before injection, at the mid period of treatment, at the end of treatment, and 1 week after the last injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoproterenol increased mean serum melatonin level in groups B and D rats (P < .05). With regard to deteriorated renal function [DRF = (urea + creatinine)/2], administration of cyclosporine with (group D) or without (group C) isoproterenol was associated with decreased renal function (P < .05), although it was more perturbed in the latter instance. Measured DRF at the middle and the end of drug administration periods of A and B (revealed significant differences compared with groups C and D; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity is not completely eliminated by isoproterenol, the latter showed some protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ghorbaniamir@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbanihaghjo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Argani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Foroughimoghaddam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Safa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rashtchizadeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesgari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000633:toxicity*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016572:Cyclosporine; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D008550:Melatonin; D007545:Isoproterenol