title: Real-word repetition as a predictor of grammatical competence in Italian children with typical language development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-word repetition in children is a skill related to, but separable from grammatical ability. Lexical skill may bridge the gap between these two abilities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aim was to determine whether real-word-repetition tasks could be better as predictors of grammatical ability than non-word-repetition tasks in children with typical language. This proposal was pursued because lexical knowledge was assumed to make performance in repetition tasks more representative of other language abilities, whereas non-word-repetition tasks are heavily influenced by phonological short-term memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to investigate this possibility, three repetition tasks (two real-word lists characterized by different lexical knowledge and one non-word list), were compared in three groups of three- to four-year-olds with typical language (42 children). Grammatical ability was tested through probes for third-person plural inflection and direct-object critic use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real words were repeated more accurately than non-words and the non-words were more sensitive to Syllable length than real words. Performance on all repetition tasks was correlated with grammatical ability, but real words predicted variance in grammatical ability to a greater extent than non-words.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the lexical information contained in real words, repetition of such words was a better predictor of grammatical ability than non-word repetition. Future research should replicate and extend these results. Tasks using real words may also have considerable clinical potential; for this reason, these tasks might also be included in studies of children with language impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Development Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. marco.dispaldro@unipd.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dispaldro
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benelli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcolini
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stella
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007558:Italy; D007807:Language Tests; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013060:Speech; D014825:Vocabulary