title: Type-2 diabetes down-regulates glucose transporter proteins and genes of the human blood leukocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White blood cells are essential in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. A prominent feature of these cells during activation of the immune function is increased glucose utilization, and this is dependent on the functioning of specific glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms. The few data available on leukocyte glucose transporter expression are limited to type-2 diabetes mellitus, and nothing is known about its regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood was drawn from 35 healthy controls and 35 diabetic subjects. Expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 was determined in the leukocytes of healthy individuals and diabetic patients by flow cytometry, Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLUT 3 was decreased in granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes from diabetic patients. In monocytes, GLUT3 and GLUT4 were reduced in type-2 diabetic patients. In leukocytes of diabetic patients, GLUT1 and GLUT4, protein and mRNA were unchanged, but GLUT3 protein and mRNA levels were down-regulated compared to those of healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated glucose concentration affects leukocyte GLUT expression. Decreased expression of GLUT isoforms in leukocytes may be responsible for diminished activation of diabetic leukocytes. These situations possibly contribute to a predisposition to infection and to a decreased immune response in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kipmen-Korgun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilmen-Sarikcioglu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altunbas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Korgun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495687:SLC2A3 protein, human; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human