title: The sacral LION procedure for recovery of bladder/rectum/sexual functions in paraplegic patients after explantation of a previous Finetech-Brindley controller.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on our technique of sacral laparoscopic implantation of aneuroprosthesis-LION procedure-for recovery of bladder/intestinal/sexual function in paralyzed patients after spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic community teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight consecutive complete T-paralyzed patients after explantation of a previous dorsal implanted Brindley-Finetech controller with a sacral deafferentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic transperitoneal exposure of the sacral plexuse and bilateral implantation of Brindley-Finetech electrodes to the sacral nerve roots S2 to S4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feasibility, complications, and outcome of the procedures. In 6 patients, recovery of electrically induced micturition and defecation could be obtained and in 2 men recovery of electrically induced erection. In 2 other patients, exposure and intraoperative stimulation of the sacral nerve roots showed irreversible destruction of the motoric vesical and rectal nerves. In one, the bilateral implantation of neuromodulation electrodes permitted complete control of the spasticity of the lower limbs and to the autonomic dysreflexia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic transperitoneal approach offers minimally invasive access for implantation of electrodes to the sacral nerve roots in paralyzed patients for recovery of pelvic visceral functions after failure of a previous implanted dorsal Brindley-Finetech controller with sacral deafferentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gynecology and Neuropelveology, Hirslanden Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland. MarcPossover@aol.com
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Possover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery