title: Outbreak of acute respiratory disease in China caused by B2 species of adenovirus type 11.
abstract: An outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection occurred in Shanxi Province, China, from March to April 2006. Of the 254 patients affected by this outbreak, 247 patients were students of a senior high school; 1 of these patients died during the outbreak. Serological tests and blood culture revealed no evidence of bacterial infection. The results of direct reverse transcription-PCR or PCR performed with clinical specimens collected from the patients, including the sole patient who died, were positive for human adenoviruses (HAdVs) but negative for influenza virus, measles virus, rubella virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human enteroviruses. These findings were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HAdV immunoglobulin A, the conventional neutralization test, and viral isolation and identification. Sequencing of the entire hexon gene revealed that HdAV type 11a (HAdV-11a) belonging to the B2 species of HAdV was the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. However, both the analysis of the phylogenetic relationship and the similarity plot indicated that the sequence of the 3' end of the hexon gene outside the hypervariable regions the HAdV-11a strain isolated in this outbreak may be a recombinant with the sequence of the HAdV-14 strain of species B2. Although isolates of HAdV species B2 seldom cause respiratory infections, they may pose a new global challenge with regard to acute respiratory diseases; this possibility cannot be overlooked and should be carefully considered. Hence, the need to establish and improve both epidemiological and virological surveillance of HAdV infections in China should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles Laboratory and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology & Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Pengbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liuying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Naiying
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Chongshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dexin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013334:Students
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A