title: A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense.
abstract: Selection pressure exerted by insects and microorganisms shapes the diversity of plant secondary metabolites. We identified a metabolic pathway for glucosinolates, known insect deterrents, that differs from the pathway activated by chewing insects. This pathway is active in living plant cells, may contribute to glucosinolate turnover, and has been recruited for broad-spectrum antifungal defense responses. The Arabidopsis CYP81F2 gene encodes a P450 monooxygenase that is essential for the pathogen-induced accumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, which in turn is activated by the atypical PEN2 myrosinase (a type of beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) for antifungal defense. We propose that reiterated enzymatic cycles, controlling the generation of toxic molecules and their detoxification, enable the recruitment of glucosinolates in defense responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany. bednarek@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pislewska-Bednarek
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svatos
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doubsky
authors.forename: Madina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansurova
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humphry
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Consonni
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panstruga
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Vallet
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulze-Lefert
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009154:Mutation; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D013871:Thiones / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007211:Indoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D013871:Thiones; C036025:4-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate; D014364:Tryptophan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C117165:raphanusamic acid; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022739:thioglucosidase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C505663:PEN2 protein, Arabidopsis; D003545:Cysteine