title: NOD-like receptors and inflammation.
abstract: The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat (also known as NOD-like receptors, both abbreviated to NLR) family of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors are increasingly being recognized to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a number of rare monogenic diseases, as well as some more common polygenic conditions. Bacterial wall constituents and other cellular stressor molecules are recognized by a range of NLRs, which leads to activation of the innate immune response and upregulation of key proinflammatory pathways, such as IL-1beta production and translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB to the nucleus. These signalling pathways are increasingly being targeted as potential sites for new therapies. This review discusses the role played by NLRs in a variety of inflammatory diseases and describes the remarkable success to date of these therapeutic agents in treating some of the disorders associated with aberrant NLR function.
authors.affiliation: Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Rebeccah J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sprakes
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins