title: Peer difficulties in children with epilepsy: association with seizure, neuropsychological, academic, and behavioral variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A developmental psychopathology framework was used to examine variables associated with peer problems in children with epilepsy (CWE). Variables commonly associated with peer difficulties in typically developing children, such as inattentive behavior, anxious behavior, and academic achievement were investigated. Neuropsychological functioning, age at epilepsy onset, and seizure status were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 173 CWE, ages 8-15. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine which variables predicted peer problems in CWE and to test hypothesized interrelations among variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SEM revealed that anxious behavior mediated relations between neuropsychological functioning and peer difficulties and seizure status and peer difficulties. Inattentive behavior mediated the association between neuropsychological functioning and peer difficulties. Neuropsychological functioning mediated the relation between age at epilepsy onset and inattentive behavior, anxious behavior, and academic achievement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As seen with typically developing children, inattentive and anxious behaviors are related to peer difficulties in CWE. Neuropsychological functioning, age at epilepsy onset, and seizure status are indirectly associated with peer difficulties; therefore, these variables are important to examine in CWE who are experiencing peer problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA. drewe020@umn.edu
authors.forename: Elena Harlan
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Drewel
authors.forename: Debora J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Joan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010379:Peer Group; D012919:Social Behavior