title: Adjuvant therapy after surgical stone management.
abstract: The aim of this article was to review the most widely researched adjuvant medical therapies for the surgical management of urolithiasis. Articles were identified and reviewed from PubMed and Medline databases with MeSH headings focusing on the various surgical treatments of urolithiasis and adjuvant therapy. Additional articles were retrieved from references and conference proceedings. Surgical treatments reviewed included shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Adjuvant therapy was considered medical or complementary therapy as an adjunct to these surgical interventions. Adjuvant therapy for the surgical management of urolithiasis has been documented to increase stone-free rates, reduce stone remission rates, prevent renal damage, and decrease postoperative morbidity. A variety of agents have been studied, ranging from antioxidants to alpha-blockers and to alkalinizing agents. Additionally, there is increasing interest in complementary adjuvant therapy (ie, acupuncture). Adjuvant therapy is a fertile area for research in the surgical management of urolithiasis. The optimal agents have yet to be determined and therefore further investigation is warranted and necessary.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ferrandino
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000468:Alkalies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000468:Alkalies; D000975:Antioxidants