title: Presleep arousal and sleep disturbances in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if associations between presleep arousal and sleep disturbance reported in adults are also characteristic of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear regression analyses examined whether somatic and cognitive presleep arousal predicted sleep disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two inner city schools, London, U.K.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-three children aged 8 to 10 years, 49% boys, from ethnically diverse backgrounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children completed the Sleep Self-Report and the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (comprising somatic and cognitive subscales). Parents completed the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire. In separate models, both somatic (beta = 0.44, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.19) and cognitive (beta = 0.48, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.23) presleep arousal predicted the Sleep Self-Report total score. Somatic (beta = 0.28, P <.01, R2 = 0.08) and cognitive (beta = 0.37, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.14) arousal also predicted Sleep Self-Report insomnia items in separate models. These results were partially replicated when using the parent report of the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire. When somatic and cognitive items were included in the same models, cognitive but not somatic arousal significantly predicted (most definitions of) sleep disturbance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive, and to a lesser extent somatic, presleep arousal appears to be associated with sleep disturbances in children. This suggests that further research into cognitive aspects of sleep disturbance in children is warranted-as incorporating this information into treatments may eventually prove fruitful.
authors.affiliation: Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, UK. a.gregory@gold.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alice M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Luci
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiggs
authors.forename: Allison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires