title: Anterior interbody grafting and instrumentation for advanced spondylodiscitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the surgical outcomes of ventral interbody grafting and anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation for the treatment of advanced spondylodiscitis in patients who had failed medical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 patients were evaluated for associated medical illness, detected pathogen, level of involved spine, and perioperative complications. Radiological evaluation including the rate of bony union, segmental Cobb angle, graft- and instrumentation-related complications, and clinical outcomes by mean Frankel scale and VAS score were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 14 pyogenic spondylodiscitis, 6 postoperative spondylodiscitis, and 8 tuberculous spondylodiscitis. There were 21 males and 7 females. Mean age was 51 years, with a range from 18 to 77. Mean follow-up period was 10.9 months. Associated medical illnesses were 6 diabetes, 3 pulmonary tuberculosis, and 4 chronic liver diseases. Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen isolated (25%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 18% of the patients. Operative approaches, either anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation, were done simultaneously or delayed after anterior aggressive debridement, neural decompression, and structural interbody bone grafting. All patients with neurological deficits improved after operation, except only one who died from aggravation as military tuberculosis. Mean Frankel scale was changed from 3.78+/-0.78 preoperatively to 4.78+/-0.35 at final follow up and mean VAS score was improved from 7.43+/-0.54 to 2.07+/-1.12. Solid bone fusion was obtained in all patients except only one patient who died. There was no need for prolongation of duration of antibiotics and no evidence of secondary infection owing to spinal instrumentations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to these results, debridement and anterior column reconstruction with ventral interbody grafting and instrumentation is effective and safe in patients who had failed medical management and neurological deficits in advanced spondylodiscitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery , College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Jean
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Tae One
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Lee