title: Metallic stents for gastric outlet obstruction: reintervention rate is lower with uncovered versus covered stents, despite similar outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are widely used for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). A common complication of their use, however, is stent obstruction caused by tumor ingrowth or hyperplasia. The covered SEMS was designed to prevent these problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the performance of uncovered and covered SEMSs in patients with GOO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study, single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary-referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with symptomatic malignant GOO.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received an uncovered or covered knitted nitinol stent by using the over-the-wire placement procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the clinical outcome, complications, and the reintervention rate between uncovered and covered stents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients (mean [+/-SEM] age 72.2 +/- 2.1 years; 16 men) received uncovered SEMSs, and 29 (mean [+/-SEM] age 70.6 +/- 1.7 years; 17 men) received covered SEMSs. The technical success rate was 100% in both groups. No difference in clinical success was seen (90.3% uncovered group vs 86.2% covered group). Regarding early complications (<1 week), one mild case of pancreatitis from the stent covering the papilla occurred in each group. Late complications included reobstruction, migration, bleeding, stent fracture, and perforation. The occurrence of reobstruction did not differ between the 2 groups (3.2% uncovered group vs 10.3% covered group). No difference in migration (0% uncovered group vs 6.9% covered group) was seen. The uncovered group required less frequent reinterventions for stent reobstruction, migration, or stent fracture (3.2% uncovered group vs 20.7% covered group, P = .0490). The uncovered group had 2 major late complications: bleeding and perforation. All 60 patients died, with a median survival time of 51 days and 62 days, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small-sized, single-center, retrospective study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In palliation for malignant GOO, covered stents were associated with a more frequent need for reintervention than uncovered stents, despite similar outcomes and complications. These results require confirmation in a larger randomized comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. mtnir50637@med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Iruru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maetani
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ukita
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigoka
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omuta
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome