title: Follow-up of patients receiving a pharmaceutical care service in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmaceutical care (PC) services are increasingly provided in community pharmacies in the western world. Evaluations are often conducted as trials in highly controlled conditions measuring the efficacy of the service in terms of the economical, clinical and humanistic outcomes. Little is known about the real world provision of PC services and the factors associated with follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize patients receiving a PC service, to explore factors associated with follow-up evaluations, and to describe the results of pharmacists' interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-experimental, retrospective study using the Swedish national patient medication records data base. Patients receiving follow-up evaluations or one consultation within the service were compared using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3298 patients received the PC service at 240 community pharmacies. Patient characteristics included: 66.3% female, mean age 71.1 years, mean number of prescription drugs used 10.5, with 86.2% of patients using >or=1 cardiovascular drugs. A quarter (25.8%) of patients had >or=1 drug-related problems, most commonly side effects. Follow-up evaluations were carried out for 46.6% of the patients, who were more likely to use a compliance aid. Patients receiving the PC service at pharmacies that had enrolled more than the mean number of patients (13.7) had twice as high a chance of receiving follow-up than those registered with pharmacies with fewer patients (i.e. below the mean) enrolled. Followed-up interventions led to a better perceived outcome in 46.3% of cases, no change in 48.5% and a worse outcome in 5.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the total number of patients enrolled in a PC service predicts whether follow-up evaluations will take place or not more than do patient characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. anna.montgomery@apoteket.se
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: S Kälvemark
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sporrong
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.forename: A Kettis
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindblad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden