title: Cell migration to the chemokine CXCL8: paxillin is activated and regulates adhesion and cell motility.
abstract: The chemokine CXCL8 is a powerful inducer of directional cell motility, primarily during inflammation. In this study, we found that CXCL8 stimulation led to paxillin phosphorylation in normal neutrophils, and that both CXCL8 receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) mediated CXCL8-induced paxillin phosphorylation. In CXCR2-transfected cells, the process depended on G(alphai) and G(alphas) coupling to CXCR2. Dominant negative (DN) paxillin increased CXCL8-induced adhesion and migration, indicating that endogenous paxillin keeps migration at submaximal levels. Furthermore, using activating antibodies to beta1 integrins, analyses with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) DN variant (FRNK) and co-immunoprecipitations of FAK and paxillin, we found that beta1 integrin ligation cooperates with CXCL8-induced stimulation, leading to FAK activation and thereafter to FAK-mediated paxillin phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that paxillin keeps directional motility at a restrained magnitude, and suggest that perturbations in its activation may lead to chemotactic imbalance and to pathological conditions associated with excessive or reduced leukocyte migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen-Hillel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meshel
authors.forename: B-Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Garty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Baruch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051419:Paxillin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D051419:Paxillin; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs