title: A pilot open label, single dose trial of fenobam in adults with fragile X syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pilot open label, single dose trial of fenobam, an mGluR5 antagonist, was conducted to provide an initial evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics in adult males and females with fragile X syndrome (FXS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve subjects, recruited from two fragile X clinics, received a single oral dose of 50-150 mg of fenobam. Blood for pharmacokinetic testing, vital signs and side effect screening was obtained at baseline and numerous time points for 6 h after dosing. Outcome measures included prepulse inhibition (PPI) and a continuous performance test (CPT) obtained before and after dosing to explore the effects of fenobam on core phenotypic measures of sensory gating, attention and inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant adverse reactions to fenobam administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that fenobam concentrations were dose dependent but variable, with mean (SEM) peak values of 39.7 (18.4) ng/ml at 180 min after the 150 mg dose. PPI met a response criterion of an improvement of at least 20% over baseline in 6 of 12 individuals (4/6 males and 2/6 females). The CPT did not display improvement with treatment due to ceiling effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically significant adverse effects were not identified in this study of single dose fenobam across the range of dosages utilised. The positive effects seen in animal models of FXS treated with fenobam or other mGluR5 antagonists, the apparent lack of clinically significant adverse effects, and the potential beneficial clinical effects seen in this pilot trial support further study of the compound in adults with FXS.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 718, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. elizabeth_m_berry-kravis@rush.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berry-Kravis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hessl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hervey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuhas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snape
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tranfaglia
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagerman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C578935:GRM5 protein, human; D007093:Imidazoles; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C032794:fenobam