title: Effect of simvastatin on kidney function loss in patients with coronary heart disease: findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins have been hypothesized to slow loss of kidney function, however, data is conflicting. This study assessed whether simvastatin reduces rates of kidney function loss in participants with coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a post hoc analysis from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, a randomized trial of simvastatin vs. placebo in 4444 men and women with CHD. Kidney disease progression defined as the occurrence of a >or=25% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline or development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as estimated GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The annual rate of change in estimated GFR was also evaluated. Estimated GFR was determined by the Modified Diet and Renal Disease Study equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change in kidney function could be calculated in 3842 subjects, of whom 409 had CKD at baseline. In the whole population, simvastatin significantly reduced the frequency of a >or=25% decline in kidney function [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.92; p=0.01] during 5.5 years of follow-up. The adjusted annualized least-square mean decline in estimated GFR in the simvastatin group was lower than that in the placebo group (0.34 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/year vs. 0.41 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/year, respectively; p=0.02). There was no significant effect of simvastatin on kidney function in the subgroup of participants (n=363), who developed incident CKD at the end of follow-up [adjusted OR: 0.89 (95% CI 0.70-1.14; p=0.36)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simvastatin was associated with a moderate protective effect on the rate of kidney function loss in participants with CHD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huskey
authors.forename: Joann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindenfeld
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kendrick
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjekshus
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chonchol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004032:Diet; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D019821:Simvastatin