title: Surgical treatment of lung cancer invading the left atrium or base of the pulmonary vein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to explore the efficacy of an extended operation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer invading the left atrium and intrapericardial pulmonary vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to January 2006, lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with extended resection of the left atrium was carried out in 46 patients. The operations included left lower lobectomy in 6 cases, left pneumonectomy in 14 cases, right middle and lower lobectomy in 8 cases, right lower lobectomy in 2 cases, and right pneumonectomy in 16 cases; these cases accounted for 4.9% of the lung cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in the Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no surgery-related deaths, and the overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 71.77%, 37.79%, and 22.04%, respectively; the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with no lymph node involvement (N0) were 77.16%, 43.40%, and 28.94%, respectively; the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of N1 patients were 75.94%, 41.88%, and 27.92%, respectively; the 1- and 3-year survival rates of N2 patients were 53.85% and 17.95%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment of T4 lung cancer invading the left atrium or the base of the pulmonary vein is feasible, particularly in N0 and N1 patients with a < or =3 cm maximum diameter of primary lung cancer. It can improve the quality of life and increase long-term survival. Surgical management should be considered in selected lung cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China. dr_wulihui@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhifei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Tieweng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome