title: Efficacy of en bloc ligation of the thoracic duct: descriptive study in 14 dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether en bloc ligation of all caudal mediastinal tissue between the aorta and thoracic vertebrae will occlude all branches of the thoracic duct.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine cadavers (n=15).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cisterna chyli was approached through a right paralumbar abdominal incision and cannulated. A right 10th intercostal thoracotomy was performed and the tissue of the caudal mediastinum dorsal to the aorta and ventral to the thoracic vertebrae was ligated. Radio-opaque contrast material was injected into the cisterna chyli during fluoroscopic imaging of the thorax and cranial abdomen. Still images were obtained before and after contrast injection and a subtraction image produced. Gray values were measured from these images, cranial and caudal to the ligature site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cannulation of the cisterna chyli in 1 cadaver was impossible and it was, therefore, excluded. In 13 (93%) cadavers contrast material did not pass cranial to the ligature site. In 1 cadaver, an intact thoracic duct was identified on lymphangiography outside the en bloc ligation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  En bloc ligation of the caudal mediastinal tissue dorsal to the aorta was successful in preventing opacification with contrast material of all branches of the thoracic duct in 93% of cadavers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  En bloc ligation is successful in 93% of cadavers and reduces the operative time compared with techniques requiring some type of mesenteric lymphangiography to aid identification of the thoracic duct.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Peter-John M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Rachel D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008220:Lymphography / Q000662:veterinary; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013897:Thoracic Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome