title: Cured meat, vegetables, and bean-curd foods in relation to childhood acute leukemia risk: a population based case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of cured/smoked meat and fish leads to the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in the acidic stomach. This study investigated whether consumed cured/smoked meat and fish, the major dietary resource for exposure to nitrites and nitrosamines, is associated with childhood acute leukemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based case-control study of Han Chinese between 2 and 20 years old was conducted in southern Taiwan. 145 acute leukemia cases and 370 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited between 1997 and 2005. Dietary data were obtained from a questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were used in data analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of cured/smoked meat and fish more than once a week was associated with an increased risk of acute leukemia (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15-2.64). Conversely, higher intake of vegetables (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37-0.83) and bean-curd (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34-0.89) was associated with a reduced risk. No statistically significant association was observed between leukemia risk and the consumption of pickled vegetables, fruits, and tea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary exposure to cured/smoked meat and fish may be associated with leukemia risk through their contents of nitrites and nitrosamines among children and adolescents, and intake of vegetables and soy-bean curd may be protective.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. cliu@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ming-Tsang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pi-Chen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Chi-Kung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D045730:Soy Foods; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult