title: Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction with coracoacromial ligament transfer using the docking technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations have historically been surgically treated with Coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstruction with transfer of the Coracoacromial (CA) ligament. Tensioning the CA ligament is the key to success.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with chronic, symptomatic Type III AC joint or acute Type IV and V injuries were treated surgically. The distal clavicle was resected and stabilized with CC ligament reconstruction using the CA ligament. The CA ligament was passed into the medullary canal and tensioned, using a modified 'docking' technique. Average follow-up was 29 months (range 12-57).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative ASES and pain significantly improved in all patients (p = 0.001). Radiographically, 16 (94%) maintained reduction, and only 1 (6%) had a recurrent dislocation when he returned to karate 3 months postoperatively. His ultimate clinical outcome was excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The docking procedure allows for tensioning of the transferred CA ligament and healing of the ligament in an intramedullary bone tunnel. Excellent clinical results were achieved, decreasing the risk of recurrent distal clavicle instability.
authors.affiliation: Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, USA. drmillett@steadman-hawkins.com
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: Sepp
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gobezie
authors.forename: Iván H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Pacheco
mesh_terms: D000173:Acromioclavicular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012540:Scapula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult