Comparative analyses of gene copy number and mRNA expression in glioblastoma multiforme tumors and xenografts.
Development of model systems that recapitulate the molecular heterogeneity observed among glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors will expedite the testing of targeted molecular therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment. In this study, we profiled DNA copy number and mRNA expression in 21 independent GBM tumor lines maintained as subcutaneous xenografts (GBMX), and compared GBMX molecular signatures to those observed in GBM clinical specimens derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The predominant copy number signature in both tumor groups was defined by chromosome-7 gain/chromosome-10 loss, a poor-prognosis genetic signature. We also observed, at frequencies similar to that detected in TCGA GBM tumors, genomic amplification and overexpression of known GBM oncogenes, such as EGFR, MDM2, CDK6, and MYCN, and novel genes, including NUP107, SLC35E3, MMP1, MMP13, and DDX1. The transcriptional signature of GBMX tumors, which was stable over multiple subcutaneous passages, was defined by overexpression of genes involved in M phase, DNA replication, and chromosome organization (MRC) and was highly similar to the poor-prognosis mitosis and cell-cycle module (MCM) in GBM. Assessment of gene expression in TCGA-derived GBMs revealed overexpression of MRC cancer genes AURKB, BIRC5, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC2, CDK2, and FOXM1, which form a transcriptional network important for G2/M progression and/or checkpoint activation. Our study supports propagation of GBM tumors as subcutaneous xenografts as a useful approach for sustaining key molecular characteristics of patient tumors, and highlights therapeutic opportunities conferred by this GBMX tumor panel for testing targeted therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment.
Hodgson
J Graeme
JG
Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ghodgson@cc.ucsf.edu
Yeh
Ru-Fang
RF
Ray
Amrita
A
Wang
Nicholas J
NJ
Smirnov
Ivan
I
Yu
Mamie
M
Hariono
Sujatmi
S
Silber
Joachim
J
Feiler
Heidi S
HS
Gray
Joe W
JW
Spellman
Paul T
PT
Vandenberg
Scott R
SR
Berger
Mitchel S
MS
James
C David
CD
D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
D012333:RNA, Messenger