title: Vasopressin, epinephrine, and corticosteroids for in-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal data on cardiac arrest showed improved long-term survival with combined vasopressin-epinephrine. In cardiac arrest, cortisol levels are relatively low during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hypothesized that combined vasopressin-epinephrine and corticosteroid supplementation during and after resuscitation may improve survival in refractory in-hospital cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. We enrolled 100 consecutive patients with cardiac arrest requiring epinephrine according to current resuscitation guidelines. Patients received either vasopressin (20 IU per cardiopulmonary resuscitation cycle) plus epinephrine (1 mg per resuscitation cycle) (study group; n = 48) or isotonic sodium chloride solution placebo plus epinephrine (1 mg per resuscitation cycle) (control group; n = 52) for the first 5 resuscitation cycles after randomization, followed by additional epinephrine if needed. On the first resuscitation cycle, study group patients received methylprednisolone sodium succinate (40 mg) and controls received saline placebo. Postresuscitation shock was treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone sodium succinate (300 mg daily for 7 days maximum, with gradual taper) (27 patients in the study group) or saline placebo (15 patients in the control group). Primary end points were return of spontaneous circulation for 15 minutes or longer and survival to hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study group patients vs controls had more frequent return of spontaneous circulation (39 of 48 patients [81%] vs 27 of 52 [52%]; P = .003) and improved survival to hospital discharge (9 [19%] vs 2 [4%]; P = .02). Study group patients with postresuscitation shock vs corresponding controls had improved survival to hospital discharge (8 of 27 patients [30%] vs 0 of 15 [0%]; P = .02), improved hemodynamics and central venous oxygen saturation, and more organ failure-free days. Adverse events were similar in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single-center trial, combined vasopressin-epinephrine and methylprednisolone during resuscitation and stress-dose hydrocortisone in postresuscitation shock improved survival in refractory in-hospital cardiac arrest.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00411879.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. sdmentzelopoulos@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Spyros D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mentzelopoulos
authors.forename: Spyros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zakynthinos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzoufi
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsios
authors.forename: Androula
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papastylianou
authors.forename: Sotiria
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gkisioti
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kollintza
authors.forename: Elissavet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamataki
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roussos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D002423:Cause of Death; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D004837:Epinephrine