title: A rodent model of metabolic surgery for study of type 2 diabetes and positron emission tomography scanning of beta cell mass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide healthcare problem with major socioeconomic implications. Metabolic surgical procedures have been shown to improve diabetes, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rodent is a type 2 diabetic animal model that is ideally situated for studying the effect of surgery on diabetes; however, the operative mortality is high. The aim of this study was to describe the operative technique, improvements in perioperative management, and the technique of micro-positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of the beta-cell mass in GK rodents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 GK rats were divided into 1 of 3 operative groups: sham, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenojejunal bypass. A subset of animals underwent micro-PET scanning with [11C]-dihydrotetrabenazine to determine the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 binding index, an indicator of beta-cell mass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day mortality in the sham and sleeve gastrectomy rodents was 0; however, 2 sleeve gastrectomy rodents developed enterocutaneous fistula and 1 developed an abscess. In the duodenojejunal bypass group, the initial mortality rate was close to 90%; however, refinements in the surgical technique and perioperative management (fluids, antibiotics, pain control) lowered the mortality rate to 60%. The surgical technique is discussed in detail. [11C]-Dihydrotetrabenazine uptake in the pancreas was demonstrated on micro-PET scanning in the sham and duodenojejunal bypass rodents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive medical management in the perioperative period and attention to the operative technique lowered the mortality. [11C]-Dihydrotetrabenazine micro-PET scanning is a feasible method for assessing the beta-cell mass in GK rodents and could prove to be an important modality for evaluating beta-cell performance in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. wbi2102@columbia.edu
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Inabnet
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milone
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korner
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durak
authors.forename: Leaque
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pomrantz
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bessler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004385:Duodenostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome