[Modern methodical approaches to determining the DNA methylation status and their use in oncology].
Epigenome modifications of the human genome play an important role in gene expression regulation and chromatin structure formation. Methylation of cytosine of the CpG dinucleotides is one of the main epigenone modifications of the human genome. Changes in the CpG-islands methylation status of tumor-suppressing genes and oncogenes play an important role in carcinogenesis. Determination of DNA methylation status in oncology is important for early tumor diagnostics, choice and monitoring of cancer treatment and prognosis of survival of patients with cancer after surgeries. There is a wide range of approaches to determination of DNA methylation status now. The review purpose is to characterize main approaches to the determination of the CpG dinucleotides methylation status, which could be used in oncology. They include: bisulfite sequencing, bisulfite pyrosequencing, MS-REA (methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease assay), MSP (methylation-specific PCR), COBRA (combined bisulfite restriction analysis), MS-SnuPE (methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension), MS-SSCA (methylation-sensitive single-strand conformation analysis), MethyLight, HeavyMethyl, MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-to-flight mass spectrometry), FMCA (fluorescence melting curve analysis), restriction genome scanning, use of microarrays for determining genes with increased expression after DNA methylation inhibition, DMH (differential methylation hybridization), use of capability of methylCpG-binding domain of MeCP2 protein to bind methylated DNA, immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA with antibodies specific for methylated cytosines. A general principle, advantages, disadvantages and potential artifacts here been described for each approach in the paper.
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D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000091402:Prohibitins