title: Neoplastic meningitis-related prognostic significance of the Karnofsky performance status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic significance of Karnofsky performance status in neoplastic meningitis (NM) has not been demonstrated in patient groups similarly matched for known prognostic variables.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of performance status on survival in NM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university tertiary medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two well-matched cohorts with cytologically positive NM with (n = 30; group A) and without (n = 30; group B) independence in activities of daily living as defined by a Karnofsky performance status score of 70 or greater or less than 70, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups were matched on age, primary tumor, site of NM disease (cranial nerves or spinal cord), treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy; systemic and intraventricular), and absence of cerebrospinal fluid compartmentalization, NM-related encephalopathy, and neuroradiographic bulky central nervous system disease. Primary tumor histologic diagnoses included breast cancer (20 patients), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10 patients), lung cancer (10 patients), melanoma (8 patients), and others (12 patients). At presentation, NM revealed cranial neuropathy (30 patients) or spinal cord dysfunction (39 patients). Radiotherapy was administered to 49 patients (whole brain only in 12 patients; restricted spine only in 35; whole brain and restricted spine in 2). All the patients received intraventricular chemotherapy, and 49 received concurrent tumor-specific systemic chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival was 6 weeks (range, 3-10 weeks) in group B compared with 15.5 weeks (range, 8-58 weeks) in group A (P < .001). No treatment-related deaths were observed. All the patients demonstrated progressive disease and died of either NM or systemic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low Karnofsky performance status score predicts poor survival in patients with NM. Patients with a low Karnofsky performance status score may be best served by offering supportive care.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Mail Stop G-4940, Seattle, WA 98109-1023, USA. chambemc@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D055756:Meningeal Carcinomatosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000592:standards