title: Identification of minimal promoter and genetic variants of Kruppel-like factor 11 gene and association analysis with type 2 diabetes in Japanese.
abstract: Genetic analysis of the KLF11 gene revealed two rare variants, A347S and T220M, segregating in families with early-onset type 2 diabetes, and one frequent polymorphic Q62R variant significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in Northern Europeans. Furthermore, it has been reported that over-expression of KLF11 has a deleterious effect on insulin promoter activity. Thus, an altered expression level of KLF11 may contribute to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. To investigate the contribution of KLF11 to type 2 diabetes in Japanese, we surveyed the 5' flanking region of KLF11 by reporter assay and identified the minimal promoter region of the gene. The promoter region from -250 to +162 bp including five Sp1 binding sites showed basal promoter activity both in MIN6-m9 and HepG2 cells. We also examined the entire region of KLF11 to detect genetic variants. A total of 19 polymorphisms, six of which are novel, were identified, but none of them showed association with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Two of the identified polymorphisms, R29Q and S124F, are novel coding variants. Functional analyses of these variants were performed, and similarly reduced effects on transcriptional activities of insulin, catalase1, and the Smad7 gene were found. We conclude that variants of KLF11 are not a major factor in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese. The promoter region of KLF11 identified in the present study should be useful in further elucidation of the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the gene and genetic analyses of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Division of Molecule and Structure, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enya
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C115117:KLF11 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins