title: Insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism with oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate or desogestrel: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Second-generation and third-generation oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg or more of ethinylestradiol (EE) decrease insulin sensitivity (SI). In this study, we investigated whether SI is decreased by contraceptives containing lower doses EE or by progestins with antiandrogenic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight young healthy women were randomly allocated to receive 20 mcg of EE and 150 mcg of desogestrel (DSG) (n=14) or 30 mcg of EE and 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) (n=14) for 6 months. SI and glucose utilization independent of insulin (Sg) were investigated by the minimal model method. Lipid modifications were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SI decreased with EE/DSG (7.09+/-1.4 vs. 4.30+/-0.91; p=.04; n=12), but not with EE/CMA (5.79+/-0.93 vs. 6.79+/-1.1; p=.48; n=12). SI modifications observed in the two groups were significantly different (-2.79+/-1.15 vs. 1.0+/-1.38; p=.05). Sg did not vary with either treatment. The response of C-peptide to glucose increased, but significantly so only with EE/CMA (p=.01). The C-peptide/insulin response increased with both EE/DSG (p=.05) and EE/CMA (p=.04). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p=.02) and triglycerides (p=.02 and p=.01) increased in both groups, but HDL/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=.02), apoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) (p=.04) and Apo-A1/apoprotein B (p=.048) increased significantly only with EE/CMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms that DSG, even when associated with low EE dose, decreases SI. By contrast, EE/CMA does not deteriorate SI and induces a favorable lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, University of Modena, Policlinico of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy. cagnacci@unimore.it
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanin
authors.forename: Annibale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D007328:Insulin; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone