title: Recommendations for implementing stereotactic radiotherapy in peripheral stage IA non-small cell lung cancer: report from the Quality Assurance Working Party of the randomised phase III ROSEL study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A phase III multi-centre randomised trial (ROSEL) has been initiated to establish the role of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with operable stage IA lung cancer. Due to rapid changes in radiotherapy technology and evolving techniques for image-guided delivery, guidelines had to be developed in order to ensure uniformity in implementation of stereotactic radiotherapy in this multi-centre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Quality Assurance Working Party was formed by radiation oncologists and clinical physicists from both academic as well as non-academic hospitals that had already implemented stereotactic radiotherapy for lung cancer. A literature survey was conducted and consensus meetings were held in which both the knowledge from the literature and clinical experience were pooled. In addition, a planning study was performed in 26 stage I patients, of which 22 were stage 1A, in order to develop and evaluate the planning guidelines. Plans were optimised according to parameters adopted from RTOG trials using both an algorithm with a simple homogeneity correction (Type A) and a more advanced algorithm (Type B). Dose conformity requirements were then formulated based on these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on current literature and expert experience, guidelines were formulated for this phase III study of stereotactic radiotherapy versus surgery. These guidelines can serve to facilitate the design of future multi-centre clinical trials of stereotactic radiotherapy in other patient groups and aid a more uniform implementation of this technique outside clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. coen.hurkmans@catharina-ziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: Coen W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hurkmans
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cuijpers
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lagerwaard
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Widder
authors.forename: Uulke A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuring
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed