title: Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the ear.
abstract: An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the ear and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. heddalasdair@aol.com
authors.forename: Alasdair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frias
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gillessen-Kaesbach
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Kenneth Lyons
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D009626:Terminology as Topic