title: Cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid of adolescents and young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, and IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years (Group A) and 20 periodontally healthy young adults aged between 25 and 35 years (Group B) were selected from two private dental clinics limited to pedodontics and periodontics respectively in Piraeus Greece. All subjects were systemically healthy. Clinical examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP). GCF was collected from four sites per subject. IL-1beta, IL-4, and IL-8, measured as total amounts (pg/30 s), were evaluated in 180 samples using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1beta mean levels of Groups A and B were adjusted for BOP and PPD. Differences of IL-1beta mean levels between the two age groups were statistically significant (F = 50.245, P < 0.001) in favour of Group A. Adolescents showed statistically significantly lower mean levels of IL-4 than young adults in the presence of BOP (F = 10.690, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between adolescents and adults for the means of IL-8 adjusted for BOP and plaque presence (F = 2.032, P = 0.161).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of this study the differences reported in mean levels of IL-1beta and IL-4 may be attributed to the different age status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. joannakamma@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mombelli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsinidou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasdekis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannopoulou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D015847:Interleukin-4