title: Safety of rupatadine administered over a period of 1 year in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis: a multicentre, open-label study in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rupatadine (Rupafin), a novel antihistamine approved recently in Europe for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria in patients aged>or=12 years, has been shown to be highly efficacious, and as safe and well tolerated as other commonly employed antihistamines in the treatment of allergic disease. There are, however, few data on the long-term safety of these antihistamines derived in accordance with the clinical safety recommendations of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) and the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Guideline.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and tolerability of treatment with rupatadine 10 mg/day for 12 months in subjects with persistent AR (PER).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre, open-label, phase IV study in patients recruited from 33 centres in Spain, from September 2002 to November 2005. The study enrolled 324 male and female patients (aged 12-70 years) with a medical history of PER for at least 12 months and a documented positive skin-prick test to an appropriate allergen. On 4 of the 7 days prior to start of treatment, the patients were required to have a minimum total nasal symptom score (TNSS [for sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction/congestion and nasal itching]) of >or=5. Of the 324 eligible patients starting treatment, 120 needed to be treated for more than 6 months and were followed up until the end of 12 months. All patients received rupatadine 10 mg/day and were allowed to continue their normal concomitant medication for all conditions, other than rhinitis, for up to 6 or 12 months. Safety was assessed by means of adverse events (AEs) reported by patients or detected by investigators, scheduled centralized ECG with special attention to Bazzet corrected QT interval (QTcB) and standard laboratory investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of treatment compliance rates indicated 90% and 83% of patients to be compliant during the 1-6 months and 1-12 months treatment periods, respectively, with compliance rates>80% being associated with the majority of the study population reporting at least one AE. Overall, 74.1% and 65.8% of the patients reported at least one AE during the 1-6 months and 1-12 months treatment periods, respectively, compared with 20.4% and 10.8% of patients reporting at least one treatment-related AE during these periods. Disorders of the nervous system and respiratory thoracic and mediastinal system, in particular headache, somnolence and catarrh, were the three most common AEs reported by >5% of the patients during both treatment periods. Detailed ECG assessments demonstrated no clinically relevant abnormal ECG findings, nor any QTcB increases >60 msec or QTcB values>470 msec for any patient at any time during treatment. Serious AEs were reported in seven patients, of whom six were considered as unlikely to be related to rupatadine treatment, whereas one involving increased blood enzyme levels was considered as possibly related to rupatadine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed the good long-term safety and tolerability of rupatadine at the therapeutic dose of 10 mg/day in patients with PER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Cuvillo
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Antépara
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borja
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donado
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Molà
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; C103639:rupatadine; D003533:Cyproheptadine