title: The value of renal ultrasound in children with a first episode of urinary tract infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common pediatric problem. Guidelines recommend obtaining a renal ultrasonogram (RUS) for young children after a first UTI. Our aim was to assess the value of routine RUS in the management of children hospitalized with a first episode of UTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 130 children 12 years of age or younger admitted with a first UTI. Children were excluded if they had a urinary tract abnormality before admission and/or had been treated with an antibacterial agent within 7 days before admission. The yield of RUS was measured by ability to detect renal abnormalities, by the sensitivity and specificity for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) as a gold standard, and by its influence on UTI management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RUS was conducted in 130 children, but only 118 returned for a VCUG and were included in the study. The findings were positive for VUR in 20 of 40 patients (50%) with a confirmed VUR on VCUG and positive in 18 of 78 patients (23.1%) without VUR on VCUG. Of the 20 patients with a normal RUS who showed VUR, 2 had grade I reflux, 8 had grade II reflux, 7 had grade III reflux and 3 had grade IV reflux. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasound in suggesting VUR was 50% and 76.9%, 52.6% and 75%, respectively. Except for one, the result of an abnormal RUS did not alter the management of our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study show that the RUS has a little value in the management of children with a first UTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. laylawise2000@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Layla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alshamsam
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Harbi
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fakeeh
authors.forename: Esam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al Banyan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014554:Urination; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*