PknB-mediated phosphorylation of a novel substrate, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, modulates its acetyltransferase activity.
Identifying direct targets of kinases and determining how their activities are regulated are central to understanding how they generate biological responses. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine protein kinases PknA and PknB play a role in modulating cell shape and possibly cell division. In this report, we show that the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmU) of M. tuberculosis is a novel substrate of PknB and is phosphorylated on threonine residues. GlmU carries out two important biochemical activities: a C-terminal domain catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to glucosamine-1-phosphate to produce N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate, which is converted into UDP-N-acetylglucosamine by the transfer of uridine 5'-monophosphate (from uridine 5'-triphosphate), a reaction catalyzed by the N-terminal domain. We determined the crystal structures of GlmU in apo form and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-bound form, and analyzed them to identify threonine residues that may be accessible to PknB. The structure shows a two-domain architecture, with an N-terminal domain having an alpha/beta-like fold and with a C-terminal domain that forms a left-handed parallel beta-helix structure. Kinase assays with PknB using the N- and C-terminal domains of GlmU as substrates illustrated that PknB phosphorylates GlmU in the C-terminal domain. Furthermore, mutational studies reveal one of the five threonines present in region 414-439 to be phosphorylated by PknB. Structural and biochemical analyses have shown the significance of a variable C-terminal tail in regulating acetyltransferase activity. Notably, we demonstrate that although PknB-mediated phosphorylation of GlmU does not affect its uridyltransferase activity, it significantly modulates the acetyltransferase activity. These findings imply a role for PknB in regulating peptidoglycan synthesis by modulating the acetyltransferase activity of GlmU.
Parikh
Amit
A
National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
Verma
Sunil Kumar
SK
Khan
Shazia
S
Prakash
Balaji
B
Nandicoori
Vinay Kumar
VK
D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C532100:GlmU protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D005958:Glucosephosphates; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C038515:glucosamine 1-phosphate; D013912:Threonine; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine; C026146:N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; C475060:PknB protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005944:Glucosamine; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate; D000117:Acetylglucosamine