title: Upregulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene expression in stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MIF has been implicated to function in many inflammatory processes. This study examined whether MIF expression was affected in stroke and its underlying molecular mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to detect MIF protein and mRNA in PBMCs from stroke patients, the ischemic rat brains, and controls. A MIF promoter assay under hypoxia was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIF protein and mRNA were significantly increased in stroke patients. Increasing levels of MIF were correlated to the severity of stroke and peaked 24 hours after stroke. MIF was significantly upregulated in focal ischemic rat brains. The activity of the human MIF promoter was significantly increased under hypoxia compared to normoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIF gene expression is upregulated after stroke, and hypoxia signaling plays an important role in upregulation of MIF expression under stroke.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Odysseus
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zis
authors.forename: Guixian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chengbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jiehao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qiuxiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016324:Sequence Tagged Sites; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger