title: Effects of Ivermectin with and without doxycycline on clinical symptoms of onchocerciasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and analyze the effects of ivermectin with combined therapy of doxycycline and ivermectin on clinical symptoms of onchocerciasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, comparative trial without blinding, a quasi-experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tubmenburg City (Bomy County) of Liberia, from March to December 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty black local patients were included in clinical trial after recording their informed consent. Inclusion criteria was history of exposure to black fly in endemic area, symptoms of generalized and ocular itching, visual impairment associated with pannus and perilimbal pigmentation, punctuate/sclerosing keratitis, iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis, optic atrophy, lesions suggestive of onchodermatitis and subcutaneous nodules. Patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis, history of measles and rubella, pregnant / breast-feeding women and children under 16 years of age were excluded from the study. The patients were randomly placed into two groups. Group I (120 patients) was treated with ivermectin in a single dose of 150 microg/kg orally. Group II (120 patients) was treated with combined therapy of doxycycline 100 mg/day for 6 weeks followed by ivermectin in a single dose of 150 microg/kg orally. Topical steroid-antibiotic combination was given to patients of both groups where indicated. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months. Improvement or progression of clinical features was recorded on each visit. Results were compiled and analysed by SPSS 10.0 using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty four patients (70%) of group I and 117 (98%) patients of group II responded to treatment, with improvement in onchocerciasis clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). Pannus, punctuate keratitis and iridocyclitis healed in all patients, whereas irreversible eye lesions like sclerosing keratitis and optic atrophy did not respond to treatment in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significantly greater relief in patients of group II treated with a combination of doxycycline and ivermectin as compared to those patients who were treated with ivermectin alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Eye, Combined Military Hospital, Nowshera. hannanmasud@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hannan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masud
authors.forename: Tausif Qadir
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Meimei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dukley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007988:Liberia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015827:Onchocerciasis, Ocular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007559:Ivermectin; D004318:Doxycycline