title: Relationship between genetic variants in myocardial sodium and potassium channel genes and QT interval duration in diabetics: the Diabetes Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic variants in myocardial sodium and potassium channel genes are associated with prolonged QT interval and increased risk of sudden death. It is unclear whether these genetic variants remain relevant in subjects with underlying conditions such as diabetes that are associated with prolonged QT interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five candidate genes for association with QT interval in a family-based study of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty-six previously reported SNPs were genotyped in KCNQ1, HERG, SCN5A, KCNE1, and KCNE2 in 901 European Americans from 366 families. The heart rate-corrected (QTc) durations were determined using the Marquette 12SL program. Associations between the QTc interval and the genotypes were evaluated using SOLAR adjusting for age, gender, T2DM status, and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within KCNQ1 there was weak evidence for association between the minor allele of IVS12 +14T>C and increased QTc (P = 0.02). The minor allele of rs2236609 in KCNE1 trended toward significance with longer QTc (P = 0.06), while the minor allele of rs1805123 in HERG trended toward significance with shorter QTc (P = 0.07). However, no statistically significant associations were observed between the remaining SNPs and QTc variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found weak evidence of association between three previously reported SNPs and QTc interval duration. While it appears as though genetic variants in previously identified candidate genes may be associated with QT duration in subjects with diabetes, the clinical implications of these associations in diabetic subjects at high risk for sudden death remain to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
authors.forename: Kurt R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Sidharth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Julie T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D051658:KCNQ2 Potassium Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; D051658:KCNQ2 Potassium Channel; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C568320:SCN5A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels