Red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in first trimester of pregnancy are inversely associated with placental weight.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate pregnancy outcome in relation to red blood cell (RBC) level of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the first trimester of pregnancy and the influence of lifestyle factors on the RBC level of long-chain n-3 PUFA.


METHODS
Observational study in a community with traditional fish and cod liver oil consumption.


METHODS
Seventy-seven healthy pregnant women.


METHODS
The PUFA composition of RBC was measured in the 11th to 15th week of pregnancy. The women answered food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires. Information on pregnancy outcome was collected from birth records.


METHODS
Placental weight, long-chain n-3 PUFA in diet and RBC, smoking.


RESULTS
Of all the pregnancy outcome variables tested, placental weight was the only one associated with long-chain n-3 PUFA in RBC. Inverse association was found between the proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFA in RBC and placental weight, adjusted for birthweight (p=0.035). The proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFA in RBC was positively related to long-chain n-3 PUFA intake (p<0.001) and negatively related to smoking (p=0.011).


CONCLUSIONS
The human fetus relies on maternal supply and placental delivery of long-chain n-3 PUFA for optimal development and function, particularly of the central nervous system. Given the importance of dietary n-3 PUFA during pregnancy, further studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between placental weight, maternal long-chain n-3 PUFA status and smoking.
Magnusardottir
Anna R
AR
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Steingrimsdottir
Laufey
L
Thorgeirsdottir
Holmfridur
H
Hauksson
Arnar
A
Skuladottir
Gudrun V
GV
D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3