title: The effect of hair pigment on the incorporation of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the current study was to determine whether FAEE incorporation is affected by hair pigmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Black hooded LE rats were injected intraperitoneally daily with ethanol. Prior to dosing, black and white patches of fur were shaved and analyzed for baseline levels of FAEE using an adapted extraction procedure and GCMS method. Once the shaved 'patches' had grown back they were re-sampled along with hair outside the 'patches', referred to as 'no patch' hair, and tested for post-treatment FAEE levels in the same manner. Blood was also sampled for pharmacokinetic analysis of ethanol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total FAEE levels were significantly higher in post-treatment hair (black and white) compared to baseline (pre-treatment) levels. Total FAEE levels were also significantly higher in post-treatment 'patch' hair (black and white) compared to 'no patch' hair. No significant differences were found between post-treatment black and white hair. The FAEE profiles were similar between black and white hair, with FAEE levels being highest for ethyl myristate, followed by ethyl stearate, palmitate, and then oleate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FAEE incorporation into hair does not appear to be affected by hair pigment, which is in congruence with what is known about the chemistry of drug-melanin interactions. This is important in avoiding potential bias and discrimination in the interpretation of alcohol abuse based on hair color.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulaga
authors.forename: Yadira
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Armenta
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aleksa
authors.forename: Zulfikarali
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vergee
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004952:Esters; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006200:Hair Color / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D000431:Ethanol