title: Integrated disease management improves one-year quality of life in primary care COPD patients: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: AIMD: To assess the long-term effectiveness of an integrated disease management (IDM) program (consisting of optimal medication, reactivation, education, and exacerbation management) in primary care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled trial comparing the effects of IDM on quality of life--assessed by the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)--in primary care COPD patients. The minimal clinically important change on the SGRQ was accepted as being -4 points. Baseline and one year differences were compared using paired sample T-tests. The differential effects of an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7 and dyspnoea as assessed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea scale were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of subjects was 63 years, with an average post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 67% predicted, average FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65, a mean of 35 pack-years smoking, and 63% were male. No significant differences existed between groups at baseline. After one year of IDM, SGRQ had improved by -4.6 points (95% CI, -7.2 to -2.0; p=0.001) in the intervention group, versus -0.7 points (95% CI, - 3.0 to 1.6; p=0.6) in the usual care group. In patients with an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7, SGRQ improved by -5.9 points (95% CI, -9.6 to -2.2; p=0.002) in the IDM group, while in the usual care group SGRQ improved by -0.8 points (95% CI, -4.1 to 2.4; p=0.6). In patients with an MRC Dyspnoea score >2 and FEV1/FVC <0.7, SGRQ improved by -13.4 points (95% CI, -20.8 to -6.1; p=0.002) in the IDM group, versus -0.3 points (95% CI, -5.5 to 4.9; p=0.9) in the usual care group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, IDM improved one-year quality of life in primary care COPD patients, compared to usual care. The improvement in SGRQ was both clinically relevant and statistically significant, and was greatest in patients with FEV1/FVC <0.7 and MRC Dyspnoea score >2.
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. n.h.chavannes@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Niels H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chavannes
authors.forename: Marlous
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grijsen
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van den Akker
authors.forename: Huub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schepers
authors.forename: Maddy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nijdam
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tiep
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011320:Primary Health Care; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life