title: A study on the differential protein profiles in liver cells of heat stress rats with and without turpentine treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat stress (HS) and related illnesses are a major concern in military, sports, and fire brigadiers. HS results in physiologic responses of increased temperature, heart rate and sweating. In heat stroke, inflammatory response plays an important role and it is evidenced that turpentine (T) induced circulating inflammatory cytokines reduced survival rate and duration at 42 degrees C. Here we report the alteration in the protein expression in liver cells upon HS with and without T treatment using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), tryptic in-gel digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of HS and T treatments alone and a combined treatments (T+HS) was performed in Wistar rat models. Proteomic analysis of liver in the HS and T+HS groups were analyzed compared to liver profiles of resting control and T treated groups. The study revealed a total of 25 and 29 differentially expressed proteins in the HS and T+HS groups respectively compared to resting control group. Fourteen proteins showed altered expression upon T treatment compared to resting control group. Proteins that are involved in metabolic and signal transduction pathways, defense, redox regulation, and cytoskeletal restructuring functions were identified. The altered expression of proteins reflected in 2D gels were corroborated by quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis of 8 protein coding genes representing metabolic and regulatory pathways for their expression and normalized with the house keeping gene beta-actin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has identified a number of differentially expressed proteins in the liver cells of rats subjected to T, HS and T+HS treatments. Most of these proteins are implicated in cell metabolism, as well as adaptive response to incurred oxidative stress and tissue damage due to T+HS and HS effects.
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ganapathy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajaseger
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chin Leong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lee Koon
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wui
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy (MD10), Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road 117597, Singapore.
authors.forename: Padmanabhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive 637551, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.|Department of Anatomy (MD10), Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road 117597, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ponnampalam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnakone
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yap Eric
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Pen-Huat
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, #09-01 Kent Ridge117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: Moochhala M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shabbir