title: Healthcare charges and utilization associated with diabetic neuropathy: impact of Type 1 diabetes and presence of other diabetes-related complications and comorbidities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine the impact of Type 1 diabetes and having any other diabetes-related complication or comorbidity on healthcare charges and utilization in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected individuals aged < 65 years who continuously enrolled in a large US commercial plan from July 2004 to June 2006 and who received at least one diagnosis of DN at any time from July 2004 to June 2005. We compared the prevalence of other diabetes-related complications or comorbidities between patients with Type 1 and with Type 2 diabetes. In patients with DN with or without any other diabetes-related complication or comorbidity, we used multivariate regression to assess the marginal contribution of Type 1 diabetes on healthcare charges and utilization from July 2005 until June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of DN patients had at least one other diabetes-related complication or comorbidity. Most of the DN patients had Type 2 diabetes. DN patients with Type 1 diabetes had more comorbid medical conditions than those with Type 2 diabetes. Compared with Type 2, Type 1 patients had a higher prevalence of each individual non-DN diabetes-related complication or comorbidity, except heart disease. Controlling for comorbidities, Type 1 and Type 2 patients with DN but no other diabetes-related complication or comorbidity had similar healthcare utilization. However, Type 1 patients had significantly higher charges than those with any other diabetes-related complication or comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients with DN have Type 1 diabetes and other common diabetes-related complications or comorbidities, which can have a significant impact on healthcare charges and utilization.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Outcomes, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA. zhao_yang_yz@lilly.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Boye
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Holcombe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult