title: Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been reported to have anticancer activity, immuno-enhancing effect and antimicrobial activity. However, other biological activities are unknown. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of COS against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative damage on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, ECV304 cells). After 24h pre-incubation with COS (25-200 microg/ml), the viability loss in ECV304 cells induced by H(2)O(2) (300 microM) for 12h was markedly restored in a concentration-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. This effect was accompanied by a marked decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by measuring intensity of DCFH fluorescence. COS also exerted preventive effects on suppressing the production of lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA), restoring activities of endogenous antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), along with the capacity of increasing levels of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as were determined by commercial regent kits. In addition, pre-incubation of COS with ECV304 cells for 24h resulted in the reduction of apoptosis and the induction of cell cycle arrest in G(1)/S+M phase as assayed quantitatively by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit using flow cytometry. Taken together, our findings suggest that COS can effectively protect HUVECs against oxidative stress by H(2)O(2), which might be of importance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yu-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase