title: Tiotropium induced bronchodilation and protection from dynamic hyperinflation is independent of extent of emphysema in COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The magnitude of tiotropium (1) induced bronchodilation and (2) protection against dynamic hyperinflation in COPD phenotypes has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied moderate to severe COPD patients with varying extent of emphysema as evaluated by high-resolution thin-section lung CT. Spirometry including inspiratory capacity (IC) was measured before and immediately after metronome paced hyperventilation (MPH) at 2 times resting respiratory rate for 20s to induce dynamic hyperinflation. Spirometry was obtained at baseline and pre- and 1.5h post-18 microg tiotropium via HandiHaler after 30 day tiotropium treatment period in a single blind, open label intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 29 COPD patients (15M), age 70+/-9 years (mean+/-SD) with smoking history of 53+/-37 pack years, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) post-180 microg albuterol MDI was 1.6+/-0.4 L (61+/-8% predicted) and FEV(1)/FVC 59+/-6%. Lung CT emphysema score (LCTES) was 23+/-20 (mean+/-SD) on a scale of 0-100 (none to most severe emphysema). After 30-day tiotropium, FEV(1) increased 101+/-124 mL (mean+/-SD) (p<0.001) and Spearman correlation (r)=-0.04, p=0.8 with LCTES; IC increased 163+/-232 mL (p<0.001), and r=-0.2, p=0.3 with LCTES. Results following MPH induced DH before and after 30-day tiotropium were significant (p<0.001) and similar: IC decreased 340+/-280 mL before and 337+/-270 mL after tiotropium, and r=-0.3, p=0.9 with LCTES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tiotropium significantly increased FEV(1) (L) and inspiratory capacity in moderate-severe COPD, independent of extent of lung CT emphysema score. Despite bronchodilation and lower resting lung volume, tiotropium did not abbreviate induced dynamic hyperinflation, which was also independent of underlying emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, CA, USA. afgelb@msn.com
authors.forename: Arthur F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: Colleen Flynn
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassino
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shinar
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schein
authors.forename: Noe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide