title: Protein expression profile of Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae causing horse gastric myiasis and characterization of horse immune reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available on the immunological aspect of parasitic Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae causing horse gastric myiasis. The objectives of this research were to analyze the protein content of larval crude extracts of the migrating second and third larvae (L2 and L3) of G. intestinalis in order to characterize the immune response of horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proteomic profile of L2 and L3, investigated by using one and two dimensional approaches, revealed a migration pattern specific to each larval stage. Furthermore, Western blots were performed with horse sera and with sera of Balb/c mice immunised with the larval crude extracts of L2 or L3, revealing a different immune reaction in naturally infected horses vs. artificially induced immune reaction in mice. The comparisons of the immunoblot profiles demonstrate that the stage L2 is more immunogenic than the stage L3 most likely as an effect of the highest enzymatic production of L2 while migrating through the host tissues. Fifteen proteins were identified by mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides further information into the understanding of the interaction between G. intestinalis and their host and by contributing a novel scheme of the proteomic profile of the main larval stages.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. liselore.roelfstra@unine.ch.
authors.forename: Liselore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roelfstra
authors.forename: Cornelia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.forename: Stefanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Membrez
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Betschart
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfister