title: Dielectrophoretic characterization of erythrocytes: positive ABO blood types.
abstract: Dielectrophoretic manipulation of erythrocytes/red blood cells is investigated as a tool to identify blood type for medical diagnostic applications. Positive blood types of the ABO typing system (A+, B+, AB+ and O+) were tested and cell responses quantified. The dielectrophoretic response of each blood type was observed in a platinum electrode microdevice, delivering a field of 0.025V(pp)/microm at 1 MHz. Responses were recorded via video microscopy for 120 s and erythrocyte positions were tabulated at 20-30 s intervals. Both vertical and horizontal motions of erythrocytes were quantified via image object recognition, object tracking in MATLAB, binning into appropriate electric field contoured regions (wedges) and statistical analysis. Cells of O+ type showed relatively attenuated response to the dielectrophoretic field and were distinguished with greater than 95% confidence from all the other three blood types. AB+ cell responses differed from A+ and B+ blood types likely because AB+ erythrocytes express both the A and B glycoforms on their membrane. This research suggests that dielectrophoresis of untreated erythrocytes beyond simple dilution depends on blood type and could be used in portable blood typing devices.
authors.affiliation: Dave C Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Soumya K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Prashant R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Daggolu
authors.forename: Shane C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Adrienne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Minerick
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000032:analysis*; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System