title: Mortality increases when radical cystectomy is delayed more than 12 weeks: results from a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-institution series have documented the adverse impact of a 12-week delay between resection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and radical cystectomy. These data are derived from tertiary centers, in which referral populations may confound outcomes. The authors sought to examine the survival impact of a delay in radical cystectomy using nationally representative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare dataset, the authors identified subjects with stage II transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder who underwent radical cystectomy between 1992 and 2001. They examined delays of 8, 12, and 24 weeks and incorporated these delay cutoffs into multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, marital status, Charlson comorbidity index, and cancer grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors identified 441 subjects with stage II TCC who underwent cystectomy during the study period. Compared with immediate surgery (ie, within 4-8 weeks of transurethral resection), longer time to cystectomy increased the risk of both disease-specific and overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; P < .01 and HR, 1.6; P < .01, respectively, for those delayed 12-24 weeks; HR, 2.0; P < .01 for disease-specific and overall death among those delayed beyond 24 weeks 1 year after diagnosis). Covariates associated with overall mortality included older age (HR, 1.04; P < .01) and comorbidity (HR, 2.0 for Charlson >or=3 vs Charlson 0-1; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delay in definitive surgical treatment beyond 12 weeks conferred an increased risk of disease-specific and all-cause mortality among subjects with stage II bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA. jgore@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Claude M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Setodji
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litwin
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Saigal
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018426:SEER Program; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*