title: [ESR study and protection of water extract of Carthamus tinctorius on ox-LDL induced injury in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cell].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the antioxidant effects of water extract of Carthamus tinctorius on ox-LDL induced injury in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cell and detecting oxygen derived free radicals (OFR) to explore the antioxidant mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using the third generation of rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (rCMEC), the protection of water extract of C. tinctorius was investigated after ox-LDL (100 mg x L(-1) induced damage. The supernatant was collected for detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and cell suspension was collected for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron spin resonance (ESR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Water extract of C. tinctorius increased the rCMEC survival rate, reduced LDH, MDA and XOD levels, and improved SOD, GSH-Px and NOS activity, while in the cell suspension ROS signal decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Water extract of C. tinctorius has antioxidation. The mechanisms are likely related with scavenging of free radicals, enhancing its clearance, enhancing endogenous antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ri-Xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rong-Shu
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D014867:Water; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase