title: Elements of morphology: introduction.
abstract: An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we describe the general background of the project and the various issues we have tried to take into account in defining the terms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allanson
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Biesecker
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Raoul C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hennekam
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D010641:Phenotype; D012955:Societies, Medical