title: Three microsatellites from the T1DGC MHC data set show highly significant association with type 1 diabetes, independent of the HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the microsatellites in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium major histocompatibility complex (MHC) data set for association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) independent of the HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data set was edited to contain only one affected child per family, and broad ethnic subgroups were defined. Genotypes for HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 were replaced by a haplotype code spanning all three loci, with phase inferred based on common haplotypes. The final data set contained 8190 samples in 2301 families, 59 microsatellites and the DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotype code. Statistical analyses consisted of conditional logistic regression and haplotype estimations and linkage disequilibrium calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data set was screened using a main effects test approach adjusted for DRB1-DQA1-DQB1, and significant results tested for validity. After these procedures, four markers remained significant at the Bonferroni-corrected threshold: D6S2773 (p = 0.00014), DG6S185 (p = 0.00015), DG6S398 (p = 0.00043) and D6S2998 (p = 0.00015). These results were supported by allelic tests conditioned on DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes, except for DG6S185, which may contain artefacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified three microsatellites that mark additional risk factors for T1D at highly significant levels in the MHC. Further analyses are needed to establish the relationship with other possible genetic determinants in this region.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. morten.eike@rr-research.no
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eike
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D012044:Regression Analysis; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069050:HLA-DQA1 antigen; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains