title: Management of hypertension in angiogenesis inhibitor-treated patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most frequent side-effects of systemic inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. Its incidence and severity are dependent on the type of drugs, dose, and schedule used. The recognition of this side-effect is an important issue because poorly controlled HTN could lead to serious cardiovascular events. On another hand, HTN induced by anti-VEGF agents maybe a predictive factor of oncologic response. Knowledge of this clinical toxicity and/or therapeutic target or novel biomarker of drug activity can aid clinicians choosing the optimal and least toxic regimen suitable for an individual patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was carried out using the following criteria: (i) all Medline listings as of 1 January 2000 with abstracts, (ii) English language, and (iii) Humans. The following phrases were used to query the database: ('hypertension', OR 'blood pressure') AND ('anti-VEGF' OR 'VEGF inhibition' OR 'bevacizumab' OR 'sunitinib' OR 'sorafenib' OR 'VEGF Trap'). The references of each article identified were carefully reviewed for additional reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifestyle modification should be encouraged. However, these nonpharmacologic strategies are not always suitable to patients with altered performance status related to metastatic cancer necessitating early drug intervention. Only one randomized study showed a beneficial effect of a calcium channel blocker use to prevent or minimize HTN secondary to antiangiogenic therapy. Nitrates looks as effective in controlling such side-effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clear recommendation for an antihypertensive agent can be made in this context because there is a lack of controlled studies addressing the subject. Blood pressure-lowering drugs should be individualized to the patient's clinical circumstances and angiogenic inhibitors should be withheld only from patients who experienced hypertensive crisis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, La Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. hassan.izzedine@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izzedine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ederhy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goldwasser
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spano
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A