title: Prevention of no flow/slow reflow phenomenon in primary PCI by Nicorandil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of Nicorandil in preventing no-flow/slow reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2004 to October 2005, 29 patients underwent a primary percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting with nicor-andil as a protocol drug at a dose of 1 mg/hour - this drug was titrated upwards to maximum tolerated dose, with a 2 mg intracoronary bolus given after balloon inflation during PCI. LAD was the infarct related artery in 62% of cases. 72.4% of them had a TIMI thrombus grade of 5. The corrected TIMI frame count following primary percutaneous intervention in the Nicorandil arm was 19.54 + 8.7. None of the patients had a no flow or slow reflow phenomenon with this protocol. One patient developed a subacute stent thrombosis necessitating a revascularization. At a mean follow up of 251 +/- 96.7% days, MACE was not reported in the other patients. Thirty four patients underwent a primary percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting without nicorandil as an adjuvant drug. Some of these patients were retrospectively assessed. They have been followed up for 285.4 +/- 264.6 days. LAD was the infarct related artery in 61.8% of cases while 79.5% of them had a TIMI thrombus grade of 5. The corrected TIMI frame count in this group was 23.9 +/- 17.5 (p <0.56). MACE was reported in 5 of these patients. The mean TIMI frame count for these 5 patients was 40.5 +/- 29.2. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors were given to all patients in both groups. The choice of the agent used was left to the discretion of the operator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicorandil prevents no-flow/slow reflow phenomenon in patients undergoing primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction. This is shown by a lower corrected TIMI frame count in the nicorandil arm (p < 0.56). Reduction in the incidence of no-flow/slow reflow phenomenon translates into a lower MACE. The drug is safe and does not require intensive monitoring. It must be started early and electively in patients undergoing a primary PCI as a strategy to prevent no-flow rather than to treat this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India. icvddoctors@dishnetdsl.net
authors.forename: Ezhilan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: J
authors.forename: Manjeet S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Juneja
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Ramkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sr
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: V
authors.forename: Badrinath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalyani
authors.forename: Ulhas M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Pandurangi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Latchumanadhas
authors.forename: Mullasari Ajit
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: S
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D015607:Stents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil