title: Assessment of postural adjustments in persons with intellectual disability during balance on the seesaw.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and electromyography strategy used by individuals with intellectual disability to keep equilibrium during anterior-posterior balance on seesaws with different degrees of instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and six control group individuals (CG) balanced on three seesaws. The movement of the hip, knee and ankle joints and electromyography activities of selected leg and trunk muscles were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups maintained their balance mainly at the ankle joint. Contrary to the CG, the individuals with DS adopted a pattern of co-contraction and were not able to modulate the magnitude of postural response with the seesaw's degree of instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These unusual strategies used by individuals with DS, such as their inability to discriminate different levels of mechanical demands in terms of the seesaw's instability, can reflect deficits in the proprioceptive system. The integration at cerebellum level could be a good candidate.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brasil. regiluz@pucpcaldas.br
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011187:Posture