title: Comparison of environmental sampling methods for detecting Salmonella in commercial laying flocks in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the performance of the Salmonella National Control Programme (NCP) sampling/testing methods in laying flocks of domestic fowl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five visits were made to 69 flocks representative of the main production systems (cage, barn and free-range) infected with Salmonella. In each visit, three methodologies were compared: (i) the European Union (EU) baseline survey method (five faeces and two dust samples); (ii) an in-house (Veterinary Laboratories Agency, VLA) 'wet' method that involved collecting 10 dust and 10 faeces samples into jars with buffered peptone water; and (iii) a method involving two samples of pooled faeces and one of dust (cultured as one sample of each type), which has been adopted for the NCP for laying flocks across the EU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 'wet' method was the most sensitive, and the NCP the least, although individual NCP samples were the most sensitive ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apparent lower sensitivity of the NCP method may be compensated by repeated sampling of flocks (twice during rear and several times during lay). Sampling using VLA methodology should be advocated for farms aiming to disclose low-level Salmonella before restrictions on the sale of eggs from Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium-infected flocks are in place.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK. j.carrique-mas@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrique-Mas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D015983:Selection Bias; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D004391:Dust