title: Refractory in-stent restenosis following carotid artery stenting: a case report and review of operative management.
abstract: In-stent restenosis following carotid artery stenting is a challenging problem that vascular surgeons will likely encounter with increasing frequency. The following describes a patient who developed progressive in-stent restenosis 3 years after carotid artery stenting, which was treated with operative therapy after failed balloon angioplasty. A review of the literature describing surgical approaches to the treatment of in-stent restenosis was also performed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Brian N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: Evan C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D020878:Device Removal; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome