title: Application of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared imaging and tape-stripping to investigate the three-dimensional distribution of exogenous chemicals and the molecular organization in Stratum corneum.
abstract: Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging combined with tape-stripping is an advantageous approach to map the depth penetration and lateral distribution of topically applied chemicals in Stratum corneum (SC) and the conformational order of SC lipids. Tape-stripping progressively removes layers of SC, and chemical imaging provides spatially resolved information on the chemical composition of both the newly exposed SC surface and of the tapes used for stripping. The procedure is rapid, minimally invasive, and does not necessitate cross-sectioning of the skin. This approach offers a simple and direct way to determine the distribution of exogenous volatile and non-volatile chemicals in SC as a function of the chemical composition of the formulation and time, and the conformational order of SC lipids in native and topically treated skin. The procedure described here is well suited to address questions of relevance for the areas of drug delivery, dermatology, and skin care.
authors.affiliation: Firmenich SA Corporate R&D Division, PO Box 239, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland. mila.boncheva@firmenich.com
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boncheva
authors.forename: Feng H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Sergei G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kazarian
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D046169:Dermoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D053832:Surgical Tape; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D003879:Dermatologic Agents