title: Simultaneous nutrients and carbon removal during pretreated swine slurry degradation in a tubular biofilm photobioreactor.
abstract: The biodegradation potential of an innovative enclosed tubular biofilm photobioreactor inoculated with a Chlorella sorokiniana strain and an acclimated activated sludge consortium was evaluated under continuous illumination and increasing pretreated (centrifuged) swine slurry loading rates. This photobioreactor configuration provided simultaneous and efficient carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous treatment in a single-stage process at sustained nitrogen and phosphorous removals efficiencies ranging from 94% to 100% and 70-90%, respectively. Maximum total organic carbon (TOC), NH(4) (+), and PO(4) (3-) removal rates of 80 +/- 5 g C m(r) (-3) day(-1), 89 +/- 5 g N m(r) (-3) day(-1), and 13 +/- 3 g P m(r) (-3) day(-1), respectively, were recorded at the highest swine slurry loadings (TOC of 1,247 +/- 62 mg L(-1), N-NH(4) (+) of 656 +/- 37 mg L(-1), P-PO(4) (3+) of 117 +/- 19 mg L(-1), and 7 days of hydraulic retention time). The unusual substrates diffusional pathways established within the phototrophic biofilm (photosynthetic O(2) and TOC/NH(4) (+) diffusing from opposite sides of the biofilm) allowed both the occurrence of a simultaneous denitrification/nitrification process at the highest swine slurry loading rate and the protection of microalgae from any potential inhibitory effect mediated by the combination of high pH and high NH(3) concentrations. In addition, this biofilm-based photobioreactor supported efficient biomass retention (>92% of the biomass generated during the pretreated swine slurry biodegradation).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, Campus Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Godos
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Eloy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becares
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: García-Encina
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002498:Centrifugation; D002708:Chlorella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen