title: The effect of storage on the accumulation of oxidative biomarkers in donated packed red blood cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by oxidative stress. Longer storage times of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and other blood products have been implicated with an increased risk in developing TRALI in transfused patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 units of blood containing PRBC stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose buffer at 4 degrees C were included in the study. At Bonfils Blood Center (Denver, CO), samples were collected on storage day 1 and day 42. Samples were immediately centrifuged, and the supernatants were collected and stored at -80 degrees C until further analysis. Oxidation-reduction potential and protein oxidation were measured in both the day 1 and day 42 samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidation-reduction potential significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the day 42 sample (98.1 mV +/- 21.9 SD) versus the day 1 sample (62.6 mV +/- 21.5 SD). The oxidation of human serum albumin increased by 63.6% during the storage time. Other serum proteins such as apolipoprotein A1 and transthyretin demonstrated similar increases in oxidation. Also, proteins with a cleaved C-terminal amino acid were observed indicating the presence of carboxypeptidase activity, a marker of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of an oxidative environment in transfused PRBC increases with storage time. This could partially explain the increased risk of developing TRALI related to the transfusion of older blood products.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Laboratory, Englewood, Colorado 80113, USA.
authors.forename: Leonard T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Rael
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bar-Or
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ambruso
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mains
authors.forename: Denetta S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Slone
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Craun
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bar-Or
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers