Chloroplast NADPH-thioredoxin reductase interacts with photoperiodic development in Arabidopsis.
Chloroplast NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) belongs to the thioredoxin systems that control crucial metabolic and regulatory pathways in plants. Here, by characterization of T-DNA insertion lines of NTRC gene, we uncover a novel connection between chloroplast thiol redox regulation and the control of photoperiodic growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Transcript and metabolite profiling revealed severe developmental and metabolic defects in ntrc plants grown under a short 8-h light period. Besides reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, ntrc plants showed alterations in the levels of amino acids and auxin. Furthermore, a low carbon assimilation rate of ntrc leaves was associated with enhanced transpiration and photorespiration. All of these characteristics of ntrc were less severe when plants were grown under a long 16-h photoperiod. Transcript profiling revealed that the mutant phenotypes of ntrc were accompanied by differential expression of genes involved in stomatal development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast biogenesis, and circadian clock-linked light perception systems in ntrc plants. We propose that NTRC regulates several key processes, including chlorophyll biosynthesis and the shikimate pathway, in chloroplasts. In the absence of NTRC, imbalanced metabolic activities presumably modulate the chloroplast retrograde signals, leading to altered expression of nuclear genes and, ultimately, to the formation of the pleiotrophic phenotypes in ntrc mutant plants.
Lepistö
Anna
A
Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
Kangasjärvi
Saijaliisa
S
Luomala
Eeva-Maria
EM
Brader
Günter
G
Sipari
Nina
N
Keränen
Mika
M
Keinänen
Markku
M
Rintamäki
Eevi
E
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003470:Culture Media; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010641:Phenotype; D017440:Photoperiod; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D000596:Amino Acids; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase