Squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx in children in Sénégal: between disarray and enigma.
BACKGROUND
The squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx constitutes the first reason of hospitalization in our department. Different studies have been realized about it and showed an epidemiological profile characterized by the young age of the patients and the predominance of female.


OBJECTIVE
To specify the place of the children in hypopharynx cancers. To evaluate the epidemiological criteria and the difficulties in the management.


METHODS
Retrospective study of 11 years (1995-2005). Collection of the data concerning the epidemiology, clinical and paraclinical findings, the treatment, and the evolution was carried out at the University Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Dakar (Sénégal).


RESULTS
15 charts of children have been collected. They presented in the majority of the cases, an advanced cancer, with 93% of T3T4. The lesion was localized at the retro-cricoid area in 4 cases, the pyriform sinus in 3 cases, the oesophagus junction in 2 cases, and the posterior wall in 1 case. In 5 cases the lesion was spreading to the totality of the hypopharynx. No case of smoking or alcohol has been noted. The anemia has been noted in 86.7% of the cases. A case of papillomatosis of the mouth and lips has been noted. The treatment was for most of cases as symptomatic, like tracheotomy with or without gastrostomy. The evolution was fatal with 11 deaths (73.33%).


CONCLUSIONS
Our set is the richest set through the world of hypopharyngeal cancers in children. The Plummer-Vinson syndrome noted in 86.7% of the cases and the viral infection by HPV could play a role in the genesis of this cancer.


CONCLUSIONS
The cancer of the hypopharynx essentially affects the young women in Sénégal without alcohol or tobacco consumption. It does not save the children, with an awful prognosis, however. So, it is imperative to organize a vast campaign of information of the populations on the bad prognosis of this cancer and to lead a large-scale epidemiological investigation, to get a better understanding of this cancer in our country.
Ndiaye
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IC
Otorhinolaryngology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. ichndiaye@orange.sn
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D000293:Adolescent; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D012675:Senegal