title: Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with downregulation of alpha4 integrin- and CXCR4-mediated engraftment in NOD/SCID beta2-microglobulin-null mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies indicate that ex vivo cytokine-supported expansion induces defective hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. We investigated the role of alpha4 integrin, alpha5 integrin and CXCR4 in engraftment of unmanipulated and cytokine-treated human cord blood CD34(+) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncultured or expanded CD34(+) cells were infused in NOD/SCID-beta(2)microglobulin-null mice. The function of alpha4, and alpha5 integrins and CXCR4 was assessed by incubating cells with specific neutralizing antibodies, prior to transplant. The activation state of alpha4 integrin was further tested by adhesion and migration assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutralization of either alpha4 integrin or CXCR4 abolished engraftment of uncultured CD34(+) cells at 6 week spost-transplant, while alpha5 integrin neutralization had no significant effect. However, after short-term ex vivo culture, blocking alpha4 integrin or CXCR4 did not affect repopulating activity whereas neutralization of alpha5 integrin inhibited engraftment. Using soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 binding assays, we observed that alpha4 integrin affinity in fresh CD34(+) cells was low and susceptible to stimulation while in cultured CD34(+) cells, it was high and insensitive to further activation. In addition, stromal cell-derived factor-1 stimulated migration across vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in fresh CD34(+) cells but not in cultured CD34(+) cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that ex vivo culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with downregulation of both alpha4 integrin- and CXCR4-mediated engraftment. Further investigations suggest that this is caused by supraphysiological increase of alpha4 integrin affinity, which impairs directional migration across vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. Such changes may underlie the engraftment defect of cytokine-stimulated CD34(+) cells.
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Hematology Unit, University of Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foguenne
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giet
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beguin
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gothot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006085:Graft Survival; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D039441:Integrin alpha4 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D039441:Integrin alpha4