title: The absence of JC virus antigens in Indian children with medulloblastomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human polyoma virus, also known as the JC virus (JCV), replicates predominantly in the oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cells in the central nervous system and results in the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) especially in immunosuppressed patients with AIDS. Several investigators have also documented the presence of the viral genome and early and late antigens in a variety of brain tumors particularly in medulloblastomas, gliomas and ependymomas. Reports also indicate the presence of JCV in patients with colon cancer. The T antigen of JCV has been postulated to have oncogenic potential as substantiated by animal experiments. Although JCV infects 80% of the population, there are scant epidemiological studies regarding JCV from India. There are also reports of the low prevalence of PML in patients with AIDS from India and Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to investigate if Indian children with medulloblastomas also show evidence of JCV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two consecutive cases of medulloblastomas were investigated for the presence of T antigen and agnoprotein of JCV in biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry. Antibodies to the agnoprotein antigen raised in rabbits and a monoclonal antibody against SV40 T antigen raised in mice that cross-reacts with JCV T antigen were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 22 patients, 4 had desmoplastic tumors while the rest had classical tumors. All children were below the age of 10. Results indicate that while PML tissues showed consistent immunostaining both with antibody to T antigen and agnoprotein antibody, none of the tumors showed any positive staining for JC viral antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JCV antigens could not be detected by immunohistochemistry in the tumor tissues of Indian children with medulloblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 011, UT, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vasishta
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pasricha
authors.forename: Avindra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Shobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sehgal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007194:India; D007577:JC Virus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C042559:agnoprotein, polyomavirus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins