title: Marginal adaptation of pit and fissure sealants after thermal and chemical stress. A SEM study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro marginal adaptation (gap formation) in the fissure of different sealer materials (resin sealant, glass-ionomer cement, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and adhesive system) submitted to thermal and chemical stress, using scanning electron microscopy evaluation (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  80 impacted human third molars were randomly assigned to the following experimental groups (n = 10): FluroShield (F), Helioseal Clear Chroma (H), Vitremer (V), Fuji II-LC (FII), Ketac-Molar (KM), Fuji IX (FIX), Single Bond (SB), and Clearfil Protect Bond (CF). All groups were subjected to thermocycling and 14 days of pH cycling. A blinded and calibrated examiner performed SEM analysis. Gap formation was scored according to: 0 = no sealant marginal gaps; 1 = sealant marginal gaps present or total sealant loss. The score 0 was considered a success, while score 1 represented failure. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rates of SB (100%) and V (90%) were similar, but statistically superior to F (30%), H (20%), FIX (20%), and CF (0%) (P < 0.05). A tendency for similar behaviors of FII and KM to SB and V was observed and for similar behaviors of F, FIX and H to CF. The worst results were obtained for CF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kamila Rosamilia
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kantovitz
authors.forename: Fernanda Miori
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pascon
authors.forename: Roberta Caroline Bruschi
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Marines
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobre-dos-Santos
authors.forename: Regina Maria Puppin
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rontani
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C084550:Vitremer; C110713:fuji IX; C110712:ketac-molar; C115612:single bond; C059908:Helioseal; C086661:Fluoroshield; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate