title: B5, a novel pyrrole-substituted indolinone, exerts potent antitumor efficacy through G2/M cell cycle arrest.
abstract: (E)-Ethyl 3,5-dimethyl-4-[(indolin-2-one-3-ylidene)methyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (B5) was one of the novel pyrrole-substituted indolinones synthesized in our research with the initial aim of developing selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs). However, B5 exhibited weak inhibitory potency against a variety of protein tyrosine kinases including EGFR, but potent kinase inhibition against several members of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated that B5 had approximately 500 times more potent antitumor activity than PD153035, a known standard EGFR-TKI, in a panel of ten epithelial cancer cell lines. B5 did not inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR induced by EGF in vitro. DNA flow cytometric analysis revealed that B5 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and western blot analysis indicated that both CDK1 (Cdc2) and cyclin B1 proteins were decreased after B5 treatment. Our findings suggested the potential therapeutic applications of B5 in numerous cancers and a promising new template for further development of antitumor agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xishan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yingwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zheyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D056744:Cyclin B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056744:Cyclin B1; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D011799:Quinazolines; C433985:SU 9516; C547915:ethyl 3,5-dimethyl-4-((indolin-2-one-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; C088860:4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline