title: Assessment of vascularity as an index of angiogenesis in periradicular granulomas. Comparison with oral carcinomas and normal tissue counterparts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify vascularity in periradicular granulomas using different endothelial markers, and assess its value as an index of angiogenesis by comparing granulomas with healthy periodontal ligament (PDL). To use oral tumours, compared with adjacent normal mucosa, as positive controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with antibodies to von Willebrand factor (vWF), a pan-endothelial marker, and CD105, a putative marker for angiogenic vessels. Vascularity was quantified by different methods reflecting vessel volume and density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of the marker or method used, vascularity values were similar in periradicular granuloma and PDL. Both tissues were highly vascularized, with levels similar to those found in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vascularity was significantly higher in the latter than in normal mucosa. Fewer vessels were positive for CD105 than for vWF in the normal mucosa, whereas similar numbers were found in the other tissues examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison of vascularity in oral tumours and normal oral mucosa provided evidence of angiogenesis in the former. Staining with CD105 added limited value to staining with vWF in these tissues. In contrast, a comparison of periradicular granuloma and PDL failed to demonstrate evidence of angiogenesis in the granuloma. As all vessels were similarly stained with vWF and CD105 in granuloma and PDL, a possible hypothesis is that all vessels are newly formed in these tissues. A more plausible alternative is that CD105 expression may reflect the metabolic activity or intrinsic characteristics of the tissues, rather than the presence of angiogenic vessels.
authors.affiliation: Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bankfalvi
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D000071063:Endoglin; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D010484:Periapical Granuloma / Q000473:pathology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000098:blood supply*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D004396:Coloring Agents; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014841:von Willebrand Factor