title: Quantification of fibronectin 1 (FN1) splice variants, including two novel ones, and analysis of integrins as candidate FN1 receptors in bovine preimplantation embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibronectin 1 (FN1), a glycoprotein component of the extracellular matrix, exerts different functions during reproductive processes such as fertilisation, gastrulation and implantation. FN1 expression has been described to increase significantly from the morula towards the early blastocyst stage, suggesting that FN1 may also be involved in early blastocyst formation. By alternative splicing at 3 defined regions, different FN1 isoforms are generated, each with a unique biological function. The analysis of the alternative FN1 splicing on the one hand and the search for candidate FN1 receptors on the other hand during early bovine embryo development may reveal more about its function during bovine preimplantation embryo development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-qPCR quantification of the FN1 splice isoforms in oocytes, embryos, cumulus cells and adult tissue samples revealed a large variation in overall FN1 expression and in splice variant expression. Moreover, two new FN1 transcript variants were identified, the first one expressed in bovine preimplantation embryos and the second one expressed in cumulus cells. In the search for candidate receptors for the new embryo specific FN1 isoform, RNA expression analysis identified 5 alpha integrin subunits (ITGA2B, ITGA3, ITGA5, ITGA8, ITGAV) and 2 beta integrin subunits (ITGB1 and ITGB3) with a similar or overlapping RNA expression pattern as compared to FN1. But double immunofluorescent stainings could not confirm complete co-localisation between FN1 and one out of 3 selected integrins alpha subunits (ITGA3, ITGA5, ITGAV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existence of a new FN1 transcript variant, specifically expressed in morulae and blastocysts strengthens the idea that FN1 is involved in the process of compaction and blastocyst formation. Analysis of the integrin expression could not identify the binding partner for the embryo specific FN1 transcript variant making further steps necessary for the identification of the FN1 receptor and the downstream effects of FN1-receptor binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Karen.Goossens@UGent.be
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Soom
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Zeveren
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Favoreel
authors.forename: Luc J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Peelman
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D017469:Receptors, Fibronectin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017469:Receptors, Fibronectin