title: A gene expression signature shared by human mature oocytes and embryonic stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The first week of human pre-embryo development is characterized by the induction of totipotency and then pluripotency. The understanding of this delicate process will have far reaching implication for in vitro fertilization and regenerative medicine. Human mature MII oocytes and embryonic stem (ES) cells are both able to achieve the feat of cell reprogramming towards pluripotency, either by somatic cell nuclear transfer or by cell fusion, respectively. Comparison of the transcriptome of these two cell types may highlight genes that are involved in pluripotency initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a microarray compendium of 205 samples, we compared the gene expression profile of mature MII oocytes and human ES cells (hESC) to that of somatic tissues. We identified a common oocyte/hESC gene expression profile, which included a strong cell cycle signature, genes associated with pluripotency such as LIN28 and TDGF1, a large chromatin remodelling network (TOP2A, DNMT3B, JARID2, SMARCA5, CBX1, CBX5), 18 different zinc finger transcription factors, including ZNF84, and several still poorly annotated genes such as KLHL7, MRS2, or the Selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SEPHS1). Interestingly, a large set of genes was also found to code for proteins involved in the ubiquitination and proteasome pathway. Upon hESC differentiation into embryoid bodies, the transcription of this pathway declined. In vitro, we observed a selective sensitivity of hESC to the inhibition of the activity of the proteasome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results shed light on the gene networks that are concurrently overexpressed by the two human cell types with somatic cell reprogramming properties.
authors.affiliation: CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, F-34000 France. said.assou@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assou
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cerecedo
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tondeur
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pantesco
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hovatta
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamamah
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vos
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics; D054875:Ubiquitination; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C000715593:CBX1 protein, human; C000715594:CBX5 protein, human; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex