title: [Influence of 4-aminopyridine on human ovarian luteinized granulosa cell proliferation, production, and apoptosis through inhibiting voltage-gated K+ channel].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on proliferation, production, and apoptosis through inhibiting voltage-gated K(+) channel (Kv) in ovarian luteinized granulosa cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian luteinized granulosa cells were recovered from 25 women with regular menses who underwent in vitro fertilization programme. The cultured granulosa cells were divided into 4 groups:blank group, 4-AP treated group, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced group and hCG + 4-AP co-treated group. The final concentrations of hCG and 4-AP were 1250 U/L and 5 nmol/L respectively. The progesterone production was detected by the chemoluminescence method. The expression of Kv mRNA on human ovarian luteinized granulosa cell was detected by RT-PCR. The influence on the early apoptosis of granulosa cells by 4-AP was observed by flow cytometry. Cellular caspase-3 activities were observed with colorimetric method and the inhibition of the cell proliferation was studied using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Kv mRNA was expressed in granulosa cell. (2) The progesterone production of the blank group, 4-AP treated group, hCG-induced group and hCG + 4-AP co-treated group were (547 +/- 64), (206 +/- 32), (1991 +/- 172) and (763 +/- 79) nmol/L, respectively after 24 hours culture. Exposure of the granulosa cells to 4-AP reduced the production of progesterone in blank and hCG-induced granulosa cells. (3) The flow cytometry analysis and the cellular caspase-3 A(405) showed that 4-AP increased the percentage of early phase apoptosis (P < 0.01): 4-AP treated group vs blank group [(40 +/- 5)% and 0.049 +/- 0.009] vs [(17 +/- 4)% and 0.029 +/- 0.008], hCG + 4-AP co-treated group vs hCG-induced group [(25 +/- 4)% and 0.039 +/- 0.008] vs [(15 +/- 3)% and 0.022 +/- 0.007]. (4) 24 hours after treated with 4-AP and hCG, the inhibitory rate of cultured granulosa cells of 4-AP treated group was higher than the blank group (19.7% vs 0), and that of hCG + 4-AP co-treated group was obviously higher than hCG-induced group (34.6% vs 0, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The voltage-gated K(+) channels expressed by ovarian luteinized granulosa cell play an important role in cell proliferation, production, and apoptosis. 4-AP may inhibit differentiation of progesterone in granulosa cells through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Su-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fu-Lu
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gui-Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jin-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011374:Progesterone; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3