title: The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS) of endobronchial intubation: an analysis of 1996 incident reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical course, outcomes, contributing factor, corrective and preventive strategies of accidental endobroncheal intubation (EBI) in the Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective descriptive multicenter study of anesthesia-related adverse incidents from 51 hospitals across Thailand from January to June 2007. Possible accidental EBI data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics by 3 reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two cases (1.6%) of EBI were reported from a total of l996 Thai AIMS incidents. EBI occurred more often in females (71.9%). Most of the incidents happened in the operating theater (93.8%) and the most common surgical specialties were general and gynecological surgery (20.6% each). Two cases had hypoxemia and 1 case required respiratory supported postoperatively. Most incidents (65.6%) were first recognized via monitoring equipment which was detected by pulse oximeter (71.4%) and airway pressure measurement (4.8%). Ninety six percent of cases were considered preventable. Anesthetic factors and system factors were found to involve in 62.5% and 11.8% of incidents respectively. The major contributing factors were inexperience of the performers (84.4%), lack of knowledge (40.6%), haste (21.9%) and communication failure (9.4%). The incident would be minimized by having prior experience of incident, high awareness and experienced assistants available. Three main strategies to prevent the incident included additional training, improvement supervision and established guideline practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accidental endobronchial intubation was reported as 1.6% of anesthetic adverse event in Thai AIMS. Majority of the incidents were contributed by anesthesia and system factors. High awareness, experience of performers and additional training would decrease the incidents and improve anesthetic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. krairerk@ckphosp.go.th
authors.forename: Krairerk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sintavanuruk
authors.forename: Oraluxna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rodanant
authors.forename: Intiporn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kositanurit
authors.forename: Phuping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akavipat
authors.forename: Aksorn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulnitiporn
authors.forename: Wimonrat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sriraj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001314:Auscultation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010092:Oximetry; D005791:Patient Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult