title: Fluticasone and N-acetylcysteine in primary care patients with COPD or chronic bronchitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased oxidative stress and bronchial inflammation are important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of COPD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether treatment with the inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (FP) or the anti-oxidative agent N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are effective in primary care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a 3-year placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial preceded by a 3-month washout and 2-week prednisolone pre-treatment. Patients were (ex-)smokers with chronic bronchitis or COPD. Interventions were inhaled FP 500microg b.i.d., oral NAC 600mg o.d., or placebo. Exacerbation rate and quality of life measured with the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) were the primary outcomes, FEV(1) decline and respiratory symptoms secondary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  286 patients recruited from 44 general practices were randomised. Exacerbation rate was 1.35 times higher for NAC (p=0.054) and 1.30 times higher for FP (p=0.095) compared with placebo. CRQ total scores did not differ between NAC (p=0.306) or FP (p=0.581) treatment compared to placebo. Annual postbronchodilator FEV(1) decline was 64mL [SD 5.4] for NAC [p=0.569 versus placebo], 59mL [SD 5.7] for FP [p=0.935], and 60mL [SD 5.4] for placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No beneficial treatment effects for either high-dosed inhaled fluticasone propionate or oral N-acetylcysteine were observed in our study population of patients with COPD or chronic bronchitis.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of General Practice, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. t.schermer@hag.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Tjard
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chavannes
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dekhuijzen
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muris
authors.forename: Reinier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akkermans
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van Schayck
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Weel
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005100:Expectorants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011320:Primary Health Care; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005100:Expectorants; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000111:Acetylcysteine