title: Radiotherapy for perineural invasion in cutaneous head and neck carcinomas: toward a risk-adapted treatment approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We retrospectively reviewed outcomes in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for cutaneous head and neck carcinoma with perineural invasion (PNI), with the aim of developing risk-adapted treatment guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 patients were treated with RT between April 1992 and July 2000. Ninety-seven patients had PNI discovered through histology (pPNI) and 21 patients had symptoms/signs of PNI (cPNI). All received RT (median dose, 55 Gy; range, 17-74): 114 postoperatively and 4 definitively. Median follow-up was 84 months (range, 4-201).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year local control (LC) rates were 90% with pPNI and 57% with cPNI (p < .0001). The pPNI and cPNI groups also differed in relapse-free survival (76% vs 46%, p = .003), disease-specific survival (90% vs 76%, p = .002), and overall survival (69% vs 57%, p = .03). pPNI patients with BCC histology (n = 42) had better LC (97% vs 84%, p = .02) than pPNI SCC (n = 55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery plus RT provides a high rate of LC in patients with pPNI, particularly those with BCC. Therapeutic improvements are needed for patients with cPNI.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. james_jackson@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Graeme J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dickie
authors.forename: Kirsty L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wiltshire
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tripcony
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Jarad M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010524:Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*