title: Use of waste gypsum to replace natural gypsum as set retarders in portland cement.
abstract: The present study is focused on clarifying the influence of waste gypsum (WG) in replacing natural gypsum (NG) in the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). WG taken from slip casting moulds in a ceramic factory was formed from the hydration of plaster of paris. Clinker and 3-5wt% of WG was ground in a laboratory ball mill to produce cement waste gypsum (CMWG). The same procedure was repeated with NG to substitute WG to prepare cement natural gypsum (CMNG). The properties of NG and WG were investigated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric (TG) to evaluate the properties of CMNG and CMWG. The mechanical properties of cement were tested in terms of setting time, flexural and compressive strength. The XRD result of NG revealed the presence of dihydrate while WG contained dihydrate and hemihydrate. The content of dihydrate and hemihydrates were obtained via DSC/TG, and the results showed that WG and NG contained 12.45% and 1.61% of hemihydrate, respectively. Furthermore, CMWG was found to set faster than CMNG, an average of 15.29% and 13.67% faster for the initial and final setting times, respectively. This was due to the presence of hemihydrate in WG. However, the values obtained for flexural and compressive strength were relatively the same for CMNG and CMWG. Therefore, this result provides evidence that WG can be used as an alternative material to NG in the production of OPC.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chandara
authors.forename: Khairun Azizi Mohd
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Azizli
authors.forename: Zainal Arifin
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D008422:Materials Testing; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; D002133:Calcium Sulfate