title: Interaction between the Gly460Trp alpha-adducin gene variant and diuretics on the risk of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Gly460Trp variant of the alpha-adducin gene has been associated with the salt-sensitive and diuretic responsive form of hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine whether the alpha-adducin 460Trp variant allele modifies the risk-lowering effect of diuretics on myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based registry of pharmacy records linked to hospital discharge records (PHARMO), we used a nested case-control design. We selected patients hospitalized for MI as cases if they had at least one prescription for antihypertensive drugs in the 3 months prior to their first MI and were registered in PHARMO for at least 1 year. Controls that were matched on age, sex, region and calendar date, met the same eligibility criteria as the patients, but were not hospitalized for MI. Only current users of antihypertensive drugs in whom the Gly460Trp polymorphism was genotyped were included for this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), synergy indices, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to adjust for the potential confounding factors high cholesterol, smoking, BMI, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use, use of loop diuretics, coumarins, antiplatelet drugs, ischemic heart disease and number of antihypertensive drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 613 patients and 3627 controls. Compared with users of other antihypertensives, the risk of MI was significantly lower among users of thiazide diuretics (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.92). Among patients with the adducin variant the risk of MI was similar among thiazide users as compared with users of other antihypertensives (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.58-1.33), whereas among wild-type carriers this risk was significantly lower (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87). The interaction between current use of diuretics and the alpha-adducin polymorphism was not statistically significantly increased on the multiplicative scale (synergy index 1.41, 95% CI 0.91-2.17). In sensitivity analyses, we found a nonsignificant trend towards a difference between patients who used potassium-sparing diuretics (synergy index 0.98, 95% CI 0.45-2.12) and patients who did not use potassium-sparing diuretics (synergy index 1.60, 95% CI 0.98-2.60) and a statistically significant difference between patients on monotherapy (synergy index 0.69, 95% CI 0.30-1.59) and those on combination therapy (synergy index 1.90, 95% CI 1.04-3.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the alpha-adducin gene does not play an important role in modifying the risk of nonfatal MI associated with the use of thiazide diuretics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diane B M A
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: van Wieren-de Wijer
authors.forename: Anke-Hilse
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maitland-van der Zee
authors.forename: Anthonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Abraham A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiffers
authors.forename: Rob G J H
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: Bruno H Ch
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: Olaf H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Klungel
mesh_terms: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D000099291:Adducins