title: A randomized controlled trial of adding the nicotine patch to rimonabant for smoking cessation: efficacy, safety and weight gain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because smoking cessation rates might be improved by combining drugs and by reducing post-cessation weight gain, we tested the smoking cessation efficacy, safety and effect on body weight of adding the nicotine patch to rimonabant, a cannabanoid type-1 receptor antagonist that reduces body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen US research centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 755 smokers (> OR = 15 cigarettes/day). Intervention Rimonabant (20 mg daily) was given open-label for 9 weeks. The 735 participants completing week 1 were randomized at day 8 (target quit day) to add a nicotine patch (n = 369) or placebo patch (n = 366) for 10 weeks (21 mg daily for 8 weeks plus a 2-week taper). Participants received weekly smoking counseling and were followed for 24 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biochemically validated 4-week continuous abstinence at end-of-treatment (weeks 6-9; primary end-point); 7-day point prevalence abstinence at weeks 9 and 24; sustained abstinence (weeks 6-24); change in body weight; and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rimonabant plus nicotine patch was superior to rimonabant plus placebo in validated continuous abstinence at weeks 6-9 (39.0% versus 21.3%; odds ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.71-2.37; P < 0.01) and in all other efficacy measures. Mean end-of-treatment weight gain among quitters did not differ between groups (0.04 kg for combination versus 0.49 kg for rimonabant only, P = 0.15) and was similar in weight-concerned smokers. Serious adverse event rates did not differ between groups. Depression- and anxiety-related adverse events occurred in 32 (4.2%) and 44 (5.8%) subjects, respectively; eight (1.1%) and nine (1.2%) subjects stopped the drug due to depression and anxiety, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding a nicotine patch to rimonabant was well tolerated and increased smoking cessation rates over rimonabant alone. There was little post-cessation weight gain in either group, even among weight-concerned smokers, during drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. nrigotti@partners.org
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rigotti
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Lowell C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Yuchiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003376:Counseling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D009538:Nicotine; D000077285:Rimonabant