The story of the Croatian village of Rude after fifty years of compulsory salt iodination in Croatia.
The village of Rude is situated near Zagreb, the capital of Croatia in the last Alpine valley on Balkan. In the past, the village was well-known area of severe iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). In 1952', distinguished Croatian endocrinologist Professor Josip Matovinović carried out detailed village survey. Goiter prevalence in school-age children was 85.0% (with 2.3% of cretins in the village). In 1953, the first regulation on compulsory salt iodination with 10 mg of KI/kg of salt was established in former Yugoslavia. Ten years later a dramatic decrease in goiter prevalence was recorded in all endangered areas of the country and no new cretins appeared. However, at the beginning of 1990' mild to moderate iodine deficiency still persisted in Croatia. In 1991, the village of Rude survey demonstrated goiter prevalence in school-age children of 35.0% and median of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) of 7.4 microg/dL. In 1996, the new obligatory regulation with 25 mg of KI/kg of salt was established in Croatia. The study aim was to monitor IDD status in the village after the new law on compulsory salt iodination. Measurements of UIE and thyroid volumes (Tvol) by ultrasound were performed in 7-11-y-old schoolchildren living in the village of Rude. Medians of UIE and body surface area (BSA)-adjusted Tvol in boys and girls were calculated. The study included 84 children in 1997, 132 in 2000, 72 in 2002, 85 in 2003 and 46 in 2004 for UIE measurement. Thyroid volumes were measured in 1999 (43 boys and 26 girls) and in 2005 (22 boys and 26 girls). Data were compared with the new WHO/ICCIDD reference values. Medians of UIE in schoolchildren from the village of Rude demonstrated rising values in microg/dL: 11.4 in 1997, 14.3 in 2000, 17.3 in 2002, 15.4 in 2003 and 19.0 in 2004. Significant decrease in BSA-adjusted Tvol was recorded from 1999-2005 in boys and girls from the village of Rude and in 2005 Tvol were within the normal range according to the new international reference values for Tvol in iodine-sufficient schoolchildren. As a result of increased iodine prophylaxis, IDD no longer exist in Croatia. Monitoring of IDD status in the village of Rude after new law on compulsory salt iodination in Croatia demonstrated rising medians of UIE together with significant reduction of Tvol. In 2005, Tvol in schoolchildren from the village of Rude were within the normal range according to the new international reference values for Tvol in iodine-sufficient schoolchildren.
Jukić
Tomislav
T
Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia. tjukic@kbsm.hr
Dabelić
Nina
N
Rogan
Suncica Andreja
SA
Nõthig-Hus
Dunja
D
Lukinac
Ljerka
L
Ljubicić
Mate
M
Kusić
Zvonko
Z
D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006043:Goiter, Endemic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine