title: Leptin and lipid metabolism in chronic kidney failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the general population, leptin has been associated with atherosclerosis and has been shown to interfere with lipoprotein profiles. Patients with chronic renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and display alterations in both lipoprotein and leptin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and the lipoprotein profile in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Leptin and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were studied in 73 CKD patients and in 68 healthy controls in a cross-sectional case-control design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean leptin levels were increased in the CKD patients (24.0 (SD 37.1) ng/mL) compared to those in controls (9.0 (SD 8.5) ng/mL) (p = 0.008). Also, the ratio between leptin levels and body mass index (leptin/BMI) was increased in CKD patients (mean 0.80 (SD 1.03)) compared to that in controls (0.31 (SD 0.24)) (p = 0.001). In linear regression analysis, leptin independently predicted total cholesterol and triglycerides in CKD patients (p = 0.010 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ratio between total and HDL cholesterol (Chol/HDL) in controls (p = 0.024). Furthermore, in CKD patients, the leptin/BMI predicted the variation in total cholesterol and triglycerides (p = 0.010 and p = 0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin concentrations and leptin/BMI were elevated in CKD patients compared to those in controls. Leptin levels in both study groups, and leptin/BMI in the CKD group, were associated with atherogenic lipid profiles, which may contribute to the elevated cardiovascular risk that has been linked to hyperleptinaemia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kastarinen
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins