title: Nicotine use in patients with schizophrenia evaluated by the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: a descriptive analysis from a Brazilian sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a descriptive study to determine smoking prevalence rates in a convenience sample of patients with schizophrenia and to describe clinical/demographic variables for nicotine use in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with schizophrenia were consecutively invited to answer a standard clinical/demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on smoking habits (Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three patients were interviewed. The smoking rate was 57.8% (n = 48). Male (68.8%) patients smoked more than females did (31.3%; p = 0.081). Compared to patients who smoked at the time of disease onset, those who only started smoking after disease onset had a lower mean age at the time of disease onset [24 years old (SD = +/- 6.8) vs.19 years old (SD = +/- 3.9; p = 0.041)]. Patients who preferred high-nicotine content cigarettes (p < 0.01) had higher frequency of smoking inhalation (p < 0.05) and had more urgency to smoke the first cigarette in the morning (p < 0.05). Twenty-seven (56.3%) of smoking patients were heavy smokers (FTQ > or =8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with schizophrenia in our convenience sample smoked in a higher rate compared to the general population in Brazil. Smoking patients were heavy smokers evaluated by the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Psychiatry Association. passoschaves@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Itiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult