title: Estrogen signals via an extra-nuclear pathway involving IGF-1R and EGFR in tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cells.
abstract: Activation of IGF-1R can activate metalloproteinases which release heparin-binding EGF (Hb-EGF) and lead to EGFR-dependent MAPK activation in certain tissues. We postulated that this pathway is operative in E(2)-induced MAPK activation in breast cancer tissues. As evidence, we showed that E(2) rapidly induced the phosphorylation of both IGF-1R and EGFR and that siRNA knockdown or selective inhibitors against either growth factor receptor inhibited E(2)-induced MAPK activation. The selective inhibitors or knockdown of either IGF-1R or EGFR significantly inhibited cell growth and reversed cell death protection induced by E(2) in MCF-7 cells. Our data support the conclusion that the IGF-1R acts upstream of EGFR in a linear pathway which mediates E(2) action on MAPK activation, cell growth stimulation and anti-apoptosis in breast cancer cells. During the process of development of tamoxifen resistance this pathway is up-regulated with increased sensitivity to activate EGFR for cell growth and protection against apoptosis. Surprisingly, translocation of ERalpha out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, mediated by c-Src, occurs during development of resistance. This effect can be abrogated by administration of the c-Src inhibitor, PP2 which also restores sensitivity to tamoxifen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States. rjs5y@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Santen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Robert X-D
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D013629:Tamoxifen; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1