title: Activation and tuning of green fluorescent protein chromophore emission by alkyl substituent-mediated crystal packing.
abstract: O-Alkyl synthetic analogues of the green fluorescent protein chromophore are nonfluorescent in solution but demonstrate a bright emission in the crystalline state. Three-dimensional steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopies in the solid state, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction, reveal the nature of complex emission in the crystals. A hypsochromic emission shift with an increase of the alkyl size is determined by the monomer-aggregate emission ratio.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Kyril M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Solntsev
authors.forename: Laren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tolbert
mesh_terms: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D048288:Imidazolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; D048288:Imidazolines; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins