title: Long-term outcome of leucotomy on behaviour of people with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prefrontal leucotomy was widely used from the late 1930s to early 1950s as a treatment for disorders involving obsessive agitation. Comparatively few studies of the enduring behavioural effects of such surgery exist, while data on mortality and cognition have been better reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We contrast the psychosocial functioning of older individuals with schizophrenia who had undergone prefrontal leucotomy with two groups of their peers who had not undergone such surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 87 individuals (one female) with a mean age of 70.3 years (SD = 6.84) were evaluated twice 25 months apart using a standardized rating scale. Twenty of the residents, all with schizophrenia, had undergone prefrontal leucotomy approximately 45 years previously. All diagnoses of schizophrenia were confirmed by multiple psychiatrists using DSM-III criteria at the time of the ratings, which were completed by two care staff who knew the residents well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures comparisons with schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia patient groups showed no significant differences between the leucotomy and unoperated comparison groups on four of the five Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with reports of compromised function among individuals who had undergone leucotomy and contrast with some reports of positive changes in behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. edward.helmes@jcu.edu.au
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helmes
authors.forename: Varadaraj R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Velamoor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology