title: Endoscopic KTP laser photocoagulation therapy for pharyngolaryngeal venous malformations in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venous malformations are benign lesions with thin, fragile mucosa overlying a vascular stroma. Vascular anomalies often manifest as subglottic lesions in infants, but venous malformations in adults are rare in the pharyngolaryngeal region. The treatments include open and endoscopic surgery; intraoperative bleeding is often troublesome. Angiolytic lasers such as the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser enable photocoagulation for such hemorrhagic lesions without bleeding; we report findings from a series of adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adults were treated with a KTP laser set at a low power of 1.5 W in continuous mode. Photocoagulation was easily performed for shallow lesions; however, laser irradiation of bulky venous malformations resulted only in surface photocoagulation. In such cases, the crust remaining after photocoagulation was removed, and laser energy was repeatedly delivered until no remnant lesion was seen. An office procedure using flexible endoscopy was performed under topical anesthesia for 1 patient with a limited lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lesions were well controlled in all cases without major complications. A patient with a large obstructing lesion had a relapse. Because the recurrent lesion is small and the patient does not desire additional treatment at this time, she is being observed carefully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photocoagulation using the KTP laser is a feasible and relatively safe treatment for pharyngolaryngeal venous malformations in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suehiro
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanemaru
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000098:blood supply*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000098:blood supply*