title: Characterization and resistance mechanisms of cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the biological characteristics and resistant mechanisms of the cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in the Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, between April 2005 and November 2007. A resistant HCC cell line (QGY/CDDP) was established by stepwise increasing cisplatin (CDDP) concentration and intermittent administration. Drug-chemo sensitivity was detected by 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell doubling time was determined by cell counting, and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometric (FCM) assay. Intracellular platinum accumulation was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) were analyzed by FCM assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QGY/CDDP cell line was established after 3 months with stable resistance to CDDP and exhibited cross-resistance to many other chemotherapeutic agents. Compared with parental cell line, cell doubling time of QGY/CDDP prolonged; and the cell proportion decreased in S and G2/M-phase and increased in G0/G1-phase. In QGY/CDDP cells, intracellular platinum accumulation decreased and GST-pi expression increased, but P-gp expression kept stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QGY/CDDP cell line shows the typical and stable resistant phenotype and characteristics of resistant cells. Its mechanisms of resistance to CDDP may be mediated by reduced accumulation of intracellular platinum and higher GST-pi expression, but it is not associated with P-gp expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, Peoples Republic of China. yangjunxia1234@126.com
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Wei-Xue
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002945:Cisplatin