title: Preponderance of the evidence: an example from the issue of calcium intake and body composition.
abstract: Meta-analysis is typically applied to studies developed in fairly mature fields, but may be ill-suited for younger fields in which most of the evidence comes from studies that were designed for other endpoints entirely and that are often significantly underpowered for the effect in question. Here, there are no generally accepted methods for getting a grasp on the preponderance of the evidence. In this review, one way of doing so is proposed and the recently emergent literature concerning calcium intake and body composition is used as an illustration of how such an approach might be used.
authors.affiliation: Creighton University Medical Center, Osteoporosis Research Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA. rheaney@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Heaney
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rafferty
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009765:Obesity; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary