title: Analysis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose administration and related factors associated with postoperative colic and survival in horses with small intestinal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of the intraoperative use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CBMC) and related perioperative factors on postoperative colic and survival in horses that had abdominal surgery for colic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses (n=203) that had surgery for small intestinal disease; 33 horses had intraoperative administration of CBMC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was obtained from medical records for 170 horses that had surgery for colic before use of CBMC and 33 horses that had intraoperative CBMC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate median survival time and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio for the effect of CBMC and other perioperative variables on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five percent of horses administered CBMC survived to 180 days, whereas 75% of untreated horses survived 8 days (median survival time=18 days). Horses not administered CBMC were twice as likely to die compared with horses administered CBMC. Horses that had postoperative ileus (POI) were 1.4 times more likely to die than horses without ileus. Similarly, horses with signs of colic after surgery were 1.3 times more likely to die than horses without postoperative signs of colic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBMC administration is seemingly protective against death and prolongs survival when used intraoperatively in horses with small intestine disease, particularly horses with postoperative colic or POI. Both POI and colic increased risk of death after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative administration of CBMC in horses that have surgery for small intestinal disease may improve survival, possibly by reducing early adhesion formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. callie_fogle@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Callie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fogle
authors.forename: Mathew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Yvonne A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Elce
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Blikslager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003085:Colic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium