Insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
Insulin resistance may provide a crucial link between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, it is still unclear whether insulin resistance itself or hyperinsulinemia is independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that insulin resistance, but not hyperinsulinemia, would be associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
We examined 2471 patients with type 2 diabetes, consecutively enrolled in Huh Diabetes Center. Insulin sensitivity was directly assessed by a rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (Kitt) using short insulin tolerance test. Fasting insulin levels were used as a marker of hyperinsulinemia. Both carotid arteries were examined by B-mode ultrasound. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined by having a clearly isolated focal plaque or mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) >or=1.1mm.


RESULTS
In multiple regression models, insulin sensitivity index (Kitt) but not hyperinsulinemia was significantly associated with carotid IMT adjusting for known risk factors such as age, sex, BMI, smoking, systolic pressure, HDL and LDL cholesterol. One standard deviation decrease in Kitt was associated with 0.046 mm increase in carotid IMT (p=0.015). Furthermore, odds ratio for carotid atherosclerosis was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.86) in type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance (lowest quartile of insulin sensitivity) adjusting for known risk factors. The results were consistent in all subgroups stratified by sex, age, smoking and hypertension.


CONCLUSIONS
Insulin resistance measured by short insulin tolerance test, but not hyperinsulinemia, is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Park
Seok Won
SW
Department of Internal Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea. spark@cha.ac.kr
Kim
Soo Kyung
SK
Cho
Yong-Wook
YW
Kim
Dae Jung
DJ
Song
Young-Duk
YD
Choi
Young Ju
YJ
Huh
Byung Wook
BW
Choi
Sung Hee
SH
Jee
Sun Ha
SH
Cho
Mi Ae
MA
Lee
Eun Jig
EJ
Huh
Kap Bum
KB
D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology
D005947:Glucose