title: Risk factors of preseptal and orbital cellulitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency and major risk factors of preseptal and orbital cellulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analytical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from July 2003 to December 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients between ages 6 and 40 years, admitted to the institute with the diagnosis of preseptal and orbital cellulitis were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I included patients with ages 6-16 years and group II with ages 17-40 years. The clinical features, diagnosis and risk factors were entered on a specially-designed proforma. The risk factors included were trauma, insect bite, localized or systemic infection and postsurgical. Odd ratio and p-values were calculated for potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of orbital cellulitis was 0.1% of total admission. Out of 26 patients, 42.30% patients were in group I and 57 in group II. In group I, insect bite was the most common risk factor identified in 40% of patients with preseptal cellulitis and trauma as a common cause in 50% with orbital cellulitis. In group II, trauma was the leading cause in 50% of patients with preseptal cellulitis and sinusitis as a common cause in 18.1% with those of orbital cellulitis. In both groups the p-values were found insignificant (p>0.5). Complications included cicatricial ectropion in 44.4% and orbital abscess in 41.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For preseptal cellulitis, insect bite was the most common cause in group I and trauma was the leading cause in group II. For orbital cellulitis, trauma was important cause in group I and sinusitis in group II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. tariqbabar1@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tariq Farooq
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.forename: Mir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Mohammad Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohammad Daud
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D054517:Orbital Cellulitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations