title: Prostacyclin prevents murine lung cancer independent of the membrane receptor by activation of peroxisomal proliferator--activated receptor gamma.
abstract: Overexpression of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) decreases lung tumor multiplicity in chemical- and cigarette-smoke-induced murine lung cancer models. Prostacyclin signals through a single G-protein-coupled receptor (IP), which signals through cyclic AMP. To determine the role of this receptor in lung cancer chemoprevention by prostacyclin, PGIS-overexpressing mice were crossed to mice that lack the IP receptor [IP(-/-)]. Carcinogen-induced lung tumor incidence was similar in IP(+/+), IP(+/-), and IP(-/-) mice, and overexpression of PGIS gave equal protection in all three groups, indicating that the protective effects of prostacyclin are not mediated through activation of IP. Because prostacyclin can activate members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors, we examined the role of PPARgamma in the protection of prostacyclin against lung tumorigenesis. Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, activated PPARgamma in nontransformed bronchial epithelial cells and in a subset of human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Iloprost-impregnated chow fed to wild-type mice resulted in elevated lung macrophages and decreased lung tumor formation. Transgenic animals with lung-specific PPARgamma overexpression also developed fewer lung tumors. This reduction was not enhanced by administration of supplemental iloprost. These studies indicate that PPARgamma is a critical target for prostacyclin-mediated lung cancer chemoprevention and may also have therapeutic activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nemenoff
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hudish
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mozer
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Snee
authors.forename: Shuh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narumiya
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stearman
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiser-Evans
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Keith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016285:Iloprost / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D044006:Receptors, Epoprostenol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D044006:Receptors, Epoprostenol; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011464:Epoprostenol; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022461:prostacyclin synthetase; D016285:Iloprost