title: Intratumoral epiregulin is a marker of advanced disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients and confers invasive properties on EGFR-mutant cells.
abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) somatic mutations have unique biological properties, including high expression of the ErbB ligand epiregulin; however, the biological role of epiregulin in these cells has not been elucidated. To examine its role, we used an immunohistochemical approach to detect epiregulin expression in NSCLC biopsy samples and pharmacologic and genetic approaches to inhibit epiregulin in cultured NSCLC cells. In NSCLC biopsy samples, epiregulin was detected in 237 of 366 (64.7%) tumors, which correlated with nodal metastasis and a shorter duration of survival. In EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines, treatment with a small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor diminished mRNA levels of the gene encoding epiregulin (EREG). The ability of EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells to invade through Matrigel in vitro was inhibited by treatment with an anti-epiregulin neutralizing antibody or by transfection with an EREG short hairpin RNA. Collectively, these findings show that epiregulin expression correlated with advanced disease, was EGFR dependent, and conferred invasive properties on NSCLC cells. Additional studies are warranted in NSCLC patients to evaluate whether epiregulin expression predicts the metastatic potential of primary tumors and whether anti-epiregulin treatment strategies are efficacious in the prevention of metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Kuicheon C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wislez
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ignacio I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Wistuba
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kurie
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D066260:Epiregulin; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018773:Genes, erbB-1; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C587880:EREG protein, human; D066260:Epiregulin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor