title: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and exercise-mediated changes in Korean women.
abstract: This study examined whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is associated with obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and 12-week exercise-mediated changes in Korean women. A total of 105 subjects were divided into three groups as II, ID and DD genotype groups based upon ACE I/D genotypes. Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among the three groups, and the association of ACE I/D genotypes with obesity and hypertension was evaluated. Total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the DD genotype than in II or ID genotypes. D allele frequency in ACE I/D gene had a higher (P = 0.063) trend in the hypertensive group than the normotensive group. The DD genotype had a trend to develop (odds ratio 4.032, P = 0.086) more hypertension than the II genotype. The II and ID genotypes showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in intima media thickness of the carotid artery after an exercise intervention, whereas the DD genotype showed an increase. In conclusion, there is a trend towards association of ACE I/D polymorphism with hypertension but not with obesity. Exercise-mediated changes did not differ significantly among genotypes except IMTCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea. kjk744@kmu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Kijin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007723:Korea; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A