title: Pain and safety in otorhinolaryngologic procedures under local anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine safety, pain perception, and the factors that may affect pain perception in patients undergoing certain otorhinolaryngologic procedures under local anesthesia with sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirteen patients operated on under local anesthesia with sedation were included in the study. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and a questionnaire were employed to measure pain perception during surgery and evaluate possible pain-related variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS values were 2.86 (+/-1.84) for the myringoplasty group, 2.54 (+/-1.76) for the otosclerosis surgery group, 1.70 (+/-1.25) for the somnoplasty group, 1.00 (+/-0.94) for the oral biopsy group, 2.15 (+/-1.49) for the inferior turbinate radiofrequency reduction (ITRR) group, 3.47 (+/-2.18) for the septoplasty plus ITRR group, 5.56 (+/-2.01) for the septorhinoplasty group, 4.94 (+/-2.16) for the open technique septoplasty group, and 3.30 (+/-1.87) for the septoplasty group. No variable was shown to affect pain perception when all patients were evaluated in common. When surgical procedures were evaluated individually, the level of acquaintance of patients in the myringoplasty group (p=.007) and operative time for the septoplasty group (p<.001) were found to independently affect pain perception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that septorhinoplasty and open technique septoplasty are found to be more painful, it is advisable to perform these procedures under general anesthesia. To increase the level of acquaintance of patients and to shorten operative time as possible may be helpful for minimizing pain perception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. utkuaydil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Utku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aydil
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akyildiz
authors.forename: Yildirim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayazit
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keseroglu
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceylan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010465:Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult