title: Alteration in coagulation profile and incidence of DVT in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to be less traumatic to the patients than open surgery, decreased venous return from lower extremities and hypercoagulability occurring in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy with CO(2) pneumoperitoneum makes it a potent risk factor for deep venous thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observational study of 50 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was designed to study alteration in PT, APTT, D-dimer and antithrombin III, which were measured preoperatively, 6 and 24h postoperatively. It was accompanied by color duplex ultrasound of bilateral lower limbs preoperatively and 7th day postoperatively to look for evidence of deep venous thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant postoperative decrease in APTT and antithrombin III suggested activation of coagulation while decrease in d-dimer suggested activation of fibrinolysis. Values of PT had no statistically significant postoperative changes. Age, body mass index and duration of pneumoperitoneum were found to correlate with significant activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. None of the patients developed clinical or radiological evidence of deep venous thrombosis in the postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO(2) pneumoperitoneum enhances the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients with risk factors like old age, obesity or with expected long duration of laparoscopic surgery are likely to have significant activation of coagulation, making them a vulnerable risk group for development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis, warranting some form of thromboprophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. dr.pankajgarg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pankaj Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Narinder
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teckchandani
authors.forename: Niladhar S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hadke
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Sonu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors