title: Identification and urinary excretion of metabolites of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in human subjects following consumption of dried plums or dried plum juice.
abstract: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (I) is a major breakdown product occurring in solutions with high concentrations of fructose and glucose and is present in many fruit juices, in heat-sterilized parenteral solutions, and in baby cereals. The objective of this study was to characterize and identify 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural metabolites in human subjects following the consumption of dried plum juice and/or dried plums. Subjects were fasted overnight and blood and urine samples were obtained during the day following consumption. Subjects fed the dried plum juice and dried plums consumed 3944 micromol (497 mg) and 531 micromol (67 mg) of I, respectively. Four presumed metabolites of I were detected in the urine of subjects that consumed dried plum juice. They were tentatively identified using HPLC-MS/MS as (1) N-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoyl)glycine (III), (2) 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (II), (3) (5-carboxylic acid-2-furoyl)glycine (IV), and (4) (5-carboxylic acid-2-furoyl)aminomethane (V). Total urinary excretion during the 6 h following the consumption of dried plum juice was 168, 1465, 137, and 75 micromoles on the basis of II as a standard for II, III, IV, and V, respectively. The estimated total recovery of I metabolites was 46.2% and 14.2% of the I dose during the first 6 h after consumption of dried plum juice and dried plums, respectively. I seems to be metabolized rapidly to glycine conjugates and other metabolites and excreted in the urine.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA. priorronaldl@uams.edu
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Xianli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D028321:Plant Preparations; D027861:Prunus
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde