title: Biofilm formation and genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis isolates: evidence for lack of penicillin-resistance in Agr-type II strains.
abstract: The increasing evidence for a role of biofilm formation in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus led to further investigations on biofilm formation by S. aureus isolates from mastitis in two growth media (TSBg and bovine milk serum). The ability of 99 S. aureus strains that were recently isolated or obtained from a culture collection (historical strains) to form biofilm, in both growth media as well as the correlation of biofilm formation with the presence of the ica-, bap-, and IS257 genes are described. These genes have been correlated with biofilm formation by human S. aureus isolates. All strains were also genotyped with respect to their Agr-type and -subtype, and for the presence of the antibiotic resistance genes blaZ and smr by PCR. The prevalence of the Agr-types and the investigated genes and their correlation with biofilm formation were statistically evaluated. The Agr-type of a strain had a marked effect on the biofilm formation, by that strain, however in contrast to human isolates no significant effect of ica- and IS257 genes on biofilm formation was observed. The bap gene was not found in any of the investigated strains. The presence of biofilm related genes showed a high correlation with the Agr-type of the strains. The data give evidence for a very strong correlation of Agr-type I strains and penicillin-resistance in the bovine S. aureus mastitis strains; none of the Agr-type II strains was found to harbor penicillin-resistance genes. These data indicate that the most prevalent Agr-types in S. aureus bovine mastitis, Agr-type I and II, can be regarded as different subspecies, with different abilities for the formation of biofilm in bovine milk serum. The very high correlation between Agr-type II and penicillin-susceptibility strongly suggests that these strains are not able to accommodate blaZ genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80152, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. marielle.melchior@wur.nl
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.forename: M H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Graat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Duijkeren
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mevius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nielen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaastra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fink-Gremmels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002417:Cattle; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology*; D010403:Penicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C095698:Agr protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010406:Penicillins; D015534:Trans-Activators