title: Roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We measured the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration in peritoneal dialysate effluent (PDE) collected following an acute episode of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NGAL concentration in PDE increased in the first 3 days after developing peritonitis and correlated well with the neutrophil count. In patients with culture-negative peritonitis, the NGAL in PDE was lower than that in patients with gram-positive or gram-negative peritonitis. Apart from providing additional diagnostic support to bacterial-induced peritonitis, measurement of NGAL in PDE may be useful to differentiate the neutrophil-dependent culture-negative peritonitis from that associated with non-bacterial or non-cellular etiologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) is another source of NGAL during peritonitis. NGAL was specifically induced in HPMC by IL-1beta. Incubation of HPMC with recombinant NGAL reversed the transforming growth factor-beta-induced up-regulation of Snail and vimentin but rescued the down-regulation of E-cadherin. Our data suggest that NGAL may exert a protective effect in modulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition activated following peritonitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Room 409, Professorial Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Joseph C K
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Man Fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Sydney C W
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Loretta Y Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Terence P S
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Kar Neng
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013291:Streptococcus; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D015820:Cadherins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014746:Vimentin