title: The role of routine bronchoscopy for early detection of bronchial stump recurrence of lung cancer: 1 year post-surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local recurrence after complete resection (R(0)) occur in approximately 20% of patients with stage I disease and in up to 50% with stage III. This study focuses on early detection of stump recurrence by a routine bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective analysis 1 year after surgery between April 2006 and April 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  104 NSCLC patients (age 69.1+/-9.6 years) participated in the study; 97 underwent lobectomy and 7 pneumonectomy. 61% were stage I, 25% stage II, 10% IIIA, 5% IIIB and 1% stage IV. 66% had N0, 21% had N1 disease, 9% N2 disease and 4% had N3. Bronchoscopy was performed 12.9+/-3.8 months after surgery. Nine percents had stump polyp, 5 (5%) had a suspicious mucosa. Four of the nine polyps were malignant. Nine other patients had squamous metaplasia and two had squamous dysplasia. Malignant stump recurrence was observed in four cases, all had a stump polyp. All had R(0), but two had short (<1.0 cm) tumor-free bronchial margin, two had N1 disease and two N2 disease. Fisher exact analysis showed short bronchus (p=0.003), N2 vs. N0-1 (p=0.012), and N1 vs. N0 (p=0.011) as significant risk factor for stump recurrence. For stump recurrence, one patient underwent completion pneumonectomy and has no evidence for disease (32.2 months), two patients were treated by chemotherapy and one patient died from pneumonia before therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine bronchoscopy 1 year after thoracic resection for NSCLC is justified in patients who are at high risk for local recurrence, i.e. short free bronchial margins and N2/N1 disease.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flex
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raviv
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shitrit
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Refaeli
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauté
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amital
authors.forename: Mordechai R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011127:Polyps; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors