title: Disseminated Bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cria.
abstract: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an emerging infectious pathogen of concern to the alpaca industry. A 4-month-old, intact, male alpaca cria was diagnosed as persistently infected with BVDV on the basis of repeated positive antemortem polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation (VI) assays and negative serologic titers to BVDV. Immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and VI performed on tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated disseminated BVDV-1b infection. Virus was detected in multiple tissues, including parotid salivary gland, testes, prostate, kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Demonstration of BVDV in previously unreported tissues suggests additional potential routes of BVDV transmission in alpacas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7060, USA. staceyr@vetmed.wsu.edu
authors.forename: Stacey R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Snekvik
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Righter
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Evermann
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bradway
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barrington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D018182:Pestivirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000821:virology; D013737:Testis / Q000821:virology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000821:virology