title: Activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway enhances Clover yellow vein virus virulence in susceptible pea cultivars.
abstract: The wild-type strain (Cl-WT) of Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) systemically induces cell death in pea cv. Plant introduction (PI) 118501 but not in PI 226564. A single incompletely dominant gene, Cyn1, controls systemic cell death in PI 118501. Here, we show that activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway enhances ClYVV virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. The kinetics of virus accumulation was not significantly different between PI 118501 (Cyn1) and PI 226564 (cyn1); however, the SA-responsive chitinase gene (SA-CHI) and the hypersensitive response (HR)-related gene homologous to tobacco HSR203J were induced only in PI 118501 (Cyn1). Two mutant viruses with mutations in P1/HCPro, which is an RNA-silencing suppressor, reduced the ability to induce cell death and SA-CHI expression. The application of SA and of its analog benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) partially complemented the reduced virulence of mutant viruses. These results suggest that high activation of the SA signaling pathway is required for ClYVV virulence. Interestingly, BTH could enhance Cl-WT symptoms in PI 226564 (cyn1). However, it could not enhance symptoms induced by White clover mosaic virus and Bean yellow mosaic virus. Our report suggests that the SA signaling pathway has opposing functions in compatible interactions, depending on the virus-host combination.
authors.affiliation: Pathogen-Plant Interactions Group, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: Uiko
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kagaya
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: Kenji Suto
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uyeda
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013830:Thiadiazoles; C099403:S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate; D002688:Chitinases; D020156:Salicylic Acid