title: Microleakage under ceramic and metallic brackets bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the microleakage of adhesive interferences at the occlusal and gingival margins of both ceramic and metallic brackets bonded with light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer and a conventional adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each. Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to groups 1 and 2 with resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (RMGIA). Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to group 3 and group 4 with a conventional adhesive (CA) system. A dye-penetration method was used for microleakage evaluation. Microleakage from the occlusal and gingival margins was determined by a stereomicroscope for the enamel-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test with a Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gingival side of all groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with the occlusal side for both adhesive interfaces. All bracket and adhesive combinations displayed statistically significant differences in microleakage between the enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces at the occlusal and gingival sides of the brackets (P < .001). When the adhesive systems were compared, the RMGIA showed more microleakage than the CA between the different interfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. RMGIA results in more microleakage between enamel-adhesive interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sabri Ilhan
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ramoglu
authors.forename: Tancan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulker
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertas
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D001641:Bicuspid; D002516:Ceramics; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008670:Metals; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT