title: Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by activated human macrophages treated with Canova.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canova (CA) is a homeopathic medication with immunomodulatory properties, recommended for patients with a depressed immune system. CA has been reported to increase in leukocyte numbers, cellular differentiation and reduction in tumor size.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since CA may stimulate lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation, and/or survival, the aim of the present study was to compare the mitotic index (MI) of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes cultured in a medium supplemented with human macrophages activated by CA, with lymphocytes cultured in a medium without CA-treated macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the MI of lymphocyte cultured received the medium containing CA-stimulated macrophages showed a higher proliferation index (p<0.01) than the lymphocytes cultured in a medium without CA-treated macrophages. Our results suggest that CA treatment, in addition to activating macrophages, indirectly induces lymphocyte proliferation and has potential as a new adjuvant therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. rommel@ufpa.br
authors.forename: Rommel Rodriguez
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Burbano
authors.forename: Mariana Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Joana Borges
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Marcelo de Olivieira
authors.initials: Mde O
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.forename: Patricia Danielle Lima
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: André Salim
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.forename: Igor Chamon
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Seligman
authors.forename: Paulo Pimentel
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: de Assumpção
authors.forename: Dorly de Freitas
authors.initials: Dde F
authors.lastname: Buchi
authors.forename: Marilia de Arruda Cardoso
authors.initials: Mde A
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D005260:Female; D005571:Formularies, Homeopathic as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts
chemical_list: C513575:Canova medication; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D010936:Plant Extracts