Therapy for the altered mineral metabolism of chronic kidney disease: implications for vascular calcification.
The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor outcomes largely due an increased likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events. Many factors are playing a role in cardiovascular disease in CKD including the development of vascular calcification (VC). Studies have indeed shown that the presence of VC is associated with decreased survival among patients with CKD. The pathogenesis of VC is itself multi-factorial. LikeLy playing a significant role is the altered mineral metabolism of CKD. Management of the altered mineral metabolism in CKD is quite difficult and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of VC. In this manuscript, we will review the pathogenesis of the altered mineral metabolism of CKD, its management, and how both may play a role in the development of VC.
Saab
Georges
G
University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Department on Internal Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. saabg@health.missouri.edu
Whaley-Connell
Adam T
AT
Khanna
Ramesh
R
Sowers
James R
JR
D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*
D008903:Minerals