title: Heterophilic antibody interference in a non-endogenous molecule assay: an apparent elevation in the tacrolimus concentration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In drug monitoring assays the most common interferences are due to hematocrit, other drugs or their metabolites, while the interference by heterophilic antibodies has been reported only when measuring endogenous molecules. In the present paper a heterophilic antibody interference in the tacrolimus measurement is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from a patient treated with tacrolimus were analyzed on RxL Dimension analyzer. Ranging drug concentrations from 49 to 12.5 microg/L, even after the interruption of the treatment, confirmation analysis were performed using heterophilic blocking tubes before tacrolimus measurement on the same analyzer, then testing the samples on V-Twin System, finally incubating the samples with chlorophenol red beta-d-galactopyranoside, beta-galactosidase, polyclonal mouse IgG, protein A and Protein G resin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elevated tacrolimus concentrations were due to the presence of an interference attributable to heterophilic antibodies, as confirmed by treating the samples with heterophilic blocking tubes and protein G resin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a) The interference caused by heterophilic antibodies can be found not only in immunoassays measuring endogenous molecules, but also in those for exogenous molecules; b) the pre-treatment sample procedure, which represent the main difference between the methods affected and unaffected by the interference, is a fundamental step in removing the antibodies responsible of the interference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine University-Hospital of Padova, Italy. sara.altinier@sanita.padova.it
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altinier
authors.forename: Mariacristina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varagnolo
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaninotto
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boccagni
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
mesh_terms: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000276:immunology*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus