title: Expression profiles of urbilaterian genes uniquely shared between honey bee and vertebrates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large-scale comparison of metazoan genomes has revealed that a significant fraction of genes of the last common ancestor of Bilateria (Urbilateria) is lost in each animal lineage. This event could be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in generating metazoan diversity. However, the present functions of these ancient genes have not been addressed extensively. To understand the functions and evolutionary mechanisms of such ancient Urbilaterian genes, we carried out comprehensive expression profile analysis of genes shared between vertebrates and honey bees but not with the other sequenced ecdysozoan genomes (honey bee-vertebrate specific, HVS genes) as a model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 30 honey bee and 55 mouse HVS genes. Many HVS genes exhibited tissue-selective expression patterns; intriguingly, the expression of 60% of honey bee HVS genes was found to be brain enriched, and 24% of mouse HVS genes were highly expressed in either or both the brain and testis. Moreover, a minimum of 38% of mouse HVS genes demonstrated neuron-enriched expression patterns, and 62% of them exhibited expression in selective brain areas, particularly the forebrain and cerebellum. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) analysis of HVS genes predicted that 35% of genes are associated with DNA transcription and RNA processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HVS genes include genes that are biased towards expression in the brain and gonads. They also demonstrate that at least some of Urbilaterian genes retained in the specific animal lineage may be selectively maintained to support the species-specific phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. matsu_toshi_@msn.com
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wyder
authors.forename: Evgeny M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zdobnov
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D023281:Genomics; D051379:Mice / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012313:RNA