title: Approach-related complications of open versus thoracoscopic anterior exposures of the thoracic spine.
abstract: This article reviews the approach-related complications of open versus thoracoscopic anterior exposures of the thoracic spine and suggests possible ways to avoid them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. ken-cheung@hku.hk
authors.forename: K M C
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Ghazi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*