title: Cytotoxic effects of five commonly abused skin toning (bleaching) creams on Allium cepa root tip mitosis.
abstract: The Allium test was used to study the cytotoxic effects of five commonly abused skin toning creams--Ikb, Tura, Top gel, Dorot and Mililo. These creams are commonly used by some black skinned people (especially the females) as skin lightening (bleaching) agents. The results showed that all the five bleaching creams were mito-depressive in action. They exhibited both chromatoclassic and mitoclassic effects. Their depressive effects were found to increase with duration of treatment. The induced abnormalities included chromosome contraction, spindle breakages, c-metaphase, star anaphase, chromosome stickiness and sticky bridges, precocious chromosome movement as well as endomitosis. It is suggested that since all eukaryotic cells are basically the same, these observed abnormalities could be similar to the effects these chemicals have on human skin when they are applied. Some of these are known to cause alteration in melanin formation as well as the biosynthesis of the enzyme tyrosinase. Furthermore, since certain points on the chromosomes called fragile sites have been implicated in oncogenesis, the observed abnormalities may be part of (or include) the switching on mechanisms of such genes, which could be responsible for the transformation of normal skin cells to malignant cells in those who abuse these creams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Udengwu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chukwujekwu
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019697:Onions / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents