title: Ureaplasma colonization of amniotic fluid and efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm lung maturation in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of maternal betamethasone for improving preterm lung function in the presence of inflammation induced by amniotic fluid Ureaplasma colonization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ewes bearing single fetuses were randomized to receive an intraamniotic injection of Ureaplasma parvum (serovar 6; 2 x 10(7) colony-forming units) or vehicle at 86 +/- 2 days of pregnancy (mean +/- SD: term is 150 days), followed by maternal intramuscular betamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) or saline, either 2 or 7 days before delivery of lambs at 123 +/- 1 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amniotic fluid interleukin-8 was elevated by ureaplasmas (P = .049) but unaffected by betamethasone. Lung inflammation induced by ureaplasmas was not affected by betamethasone. Lung compliance was increased by Ureaplasma colonization (P = .009) and betamethasone (P = .042), and effects were additive. Lung surfactant was increased by Ureaplasma colonization (P < .001) and betamethasone 7 days (P = .001), but not 2 days, before delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation improves preterm lung function because of increases in surfactant. Antenatal corticosteroids further augment lung function through an apparently independent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia. tim.moss@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Timothy J M
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nitsos
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Graeme R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Polglase
authors.forename: Suhas G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kallapur
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jobe
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Newnham
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004716:Endometritis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012756:Sheep; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000254:growth & development*; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D001623:Betamethasone