title: Reduced gyral window and corpus callosum size in autism: possible macroscopic correlates of a minicolumnopathy.
abstract: Minicolumnar changes that generalize throughout a significant portion of the cortex have macroscopic structural correlates that may be visualized with modern structural neuroimaging techniques. In magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of fourteen autistic patients and 28 controls, the present study found macroscopic morphological correlates to recent neuropathological findings suggesting a minicolumnopathy in autism. Autistic patients manifested a significant reduction in the aperture for afferent/efferent cortical connections, i.e., gyral window. Furthermore, the size of the gyral window directly correlated to the size of the corpus callosum. A reduced gyral window constrains the possible size of projection fibers and biases connectivity towards shorter corticocortical fibers at the expense of longer association/commisural fibers. The findings may help explain abnormalities in motor skill development, differences in postnatal brain growth, and the regression of acquired functions observed in some autistic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. manuel.casanova@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Baz
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mannheim
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahmi
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giedd
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rumsey
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Switala
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult