Income-related health inequalities in Canada and the United States: a decomposition analysis.
OBJECTIVE
We examined income-related inequalities in self-reported health in the United States and Canada and the extent to which they are associated with individual-level risk factors and health care system characteristics.


METHODS
We estimated income inequalities with concentration indexes and curves derived from comparable survey data from the 2002 to 2003 Joint Canada-US Survey of Health. Inequalities were then decomposed by regression and decomposition analysis to distinguish the contributions of various factors.


RESULTS
The distribution of income accounted for close to half of income-related health inequalities in both the United States and Canada. Health care system factors (e.g., unmet needs and health insurance status) and risk factors (e.g., physical inactivity and obesity) contributed more to income-related health inequalities in the United States than to those in Canada.


CONCLUSIONS
Individual-level health risk factors and health care system characteristics have similar associations with health status in both countries, but they both are far more prevalent and much more concentrated among lower-income groups in the United States than in Canada.
McGrail
Kimberlyn M
KM
Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, The University of British Columbia, 201-2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada. kmcgrail@chspr.ubc.ca
van Doorslaer
Eddy
E
Ross
Nancy A
NA
Sanmartin
Claudia
C
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States