title: Riboflavin concentration within ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles is a novel marker for multidrug resistance in malignant cells.
abstract: We have previously shown that overexpression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux transporter ABCG2 in the membrane of novel extracellular vesicles that are confined to breast cancer cell-cell attachment zones confers mitoxantrone resistance and mediates a marked intravesicular concentration of an unknown endogenous green fluorescent compound (I. Ifergan, G.L. Scheffer, Y.G. Assaraf, Novel extracellular vesicles mediate an ABCG2-dependent anticancer drug sequestration and resistance, Cancer Res. 65 (2005) 10952-10958). Here we identified the latter as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and further demonstrated that the marked intravesicular concentration of riboflavin in ABCG2-overexpressing breast and lung cancer cells tightly correlates with the extent of ABCG2 overexpression and its differential localization to the vesicular membrane and not to the plasma membrane surrounded by growth medium. We hence propose that the ABCG2-dependent concentration of riboflavin in these intercellular compartments may serve as a novel, sensitive, and non-cytotoxic (i.e. based on vitamin accumulation) functional marker for the quantification of the levels of MDR mediated by ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles in multiple malignant cells.
authors.affiliation: The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ifergan
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goler-Baron
authors.forename: Yehuda G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Assaraf
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012256:Riboflavin