title: Tuberculosis incidence among contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) in Brazil is recommended only in the case of contacts of pulmonary smear-positive TB patients aged<or=15 years with a tuberculin skin test (TST)>or=10 mm and no previous bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination or with a TST>or=15 mm regardless of previous BCG vaccination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the 2-year incidence and predictors of TB among contacts who did not meet the Brazilian criteria for LTBI treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study. Contacts aged between 12 and 15 years and those aged>or=15 years who did not meet the Brazilian criteria for LTBI treatment were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TB incidence was 3.2% (22/667), with an estimated TB rate of 1649 per 100000 population. Risk of TB was greater among the 349 contacts with TST>or=5 mm (5.4%) compared to the 318 contacts with TST<5 mm (0.9%; RR 6.04, 95%CI 1.7-20.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high incidence of TB among contacts who did not meet the Brazilian criteria for LTBI treatment strongly suggests that these criteria should be reviewed. Furthermore, even among BCG-vaccinated contacts, TST induration>or=5 mm was the only variable that predicted the development of TB disease within 2years.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Doenças do Torax, Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cailleaux-Cezar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de A Melo
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: C L G
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Salles
authors.forename: F C Q
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruffino-Netto
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Chaisson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Conde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil; D002353:Carrier State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012306:Risk; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin