title: A preclinical model of binge eating elicited by yo-yo dieting and stressful exposure to food: effect of sibutramine, fluoxetine, topiramate, and midazolam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preclinical models are needed to investigate the neurobiology and psychobiology of binge eating and to identify innovative pharmacotherapeutic strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A modification of the model based on the combination of cyclic caloric restrictions and acute stress was developed to further increase its face validity and reliability and, for the first time, to assess its predictive value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of female rats were employed: group 1 was normally fed and not stressed on the test day (25th); group 2 was fed normally but was exposed to an acute stress on day 25; group 3 was exposed to three cycles (4 days 66% of chow intake + 4 days food ad libitum) of yo-yo dieting but not stressed; and group 4 was exposed to cyclic yo-yo dieting and then stressed. All groups were fed highly palatable food (HPF) for 2 h on days 5-6 and 13-14. Acute stress was elicited by exposing rats to HPF, but preventing them from access to it for 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of cyclic food restriction and stressful exposure to food markedly increased HPF intake. Sibutramine and fluoxetine inhibited food intake in all conditions. Topiramate selectively inhibited compulsive HPF intake in rats submitted to caloric restriction and stress. Midazolam increased HPF intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacological results suggest that this model, in addition to face validity as an isomorphic model of human binge eating, is endowed with good predictive validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cifani
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polidori
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melotto
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciccocioppo
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002032:Bulimia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D005473:Fluoxetine; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D008874:Midazolam; C058254:sibutramine