title: Hepatic splenosis mimicking HCC in a patient with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and mildly raised alpha feto protein; the important role of explorative laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Splenosis is a heterotropic implantation of splenic fragments onto exposed vascularised peritoneal and intrathoracic surfaces, following splenic injury or elective splenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60 year old cirrhotic patient was referred to us with a hepatic mass, suspected to be HCC in a cirrhotic liver. A computerized tomography scan (CT) demonstrated a cirrhotic liver with a 2 x 2.7 cm focal hypervascular nodule, lying peripherally at the junction of segment 7 and 8. Diagnostic laparoscopy demonstrated a 3 cm exofitic dark brown splenunculus attached to the diaphragm and indenting the surface of segment 7 of the liver. The lesion was easily resected laparoscopically and shaved from the live surface with no need for a liver resection. The histopathological assessment confirmed the diagnosis of splenunculus, with no evidence of neoplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic splenosis is not a rare event and should be suspected in patients with a history of splenic trauma or splenectomy. Correct diagnosis is essential and will determine subsequent management plans. In doubtful cases laparoscopic investigation can offere essential information and should be part of the standard protocol for investigating suspected splenosis.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Laparoscopic Surgical Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK. abu_hlal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abu Hilal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harb
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Primrose
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017890:Splenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins