title: Relationship between F-specific RNA phage genogroups, faecal pollution indicators and human adenoviruses in river water.
abstract: Recent studies have shown the increasing interest of F-specific RNA phage genotyping to identify major sources of faecal contamination in waters. This study, conducted in a river located in an urbanized watershed with recognized anthropogenic influences, was aimed at evaluating the relevance of direct phage genotyping by real-time RT-PCR. One hundred percent of positive results were obtained with a 5 mL aliquot of river water (n=31). Phage distribution was modified after cultivation, since the ratio of the two most abundant genogroups (II and I) reached 1.51 log(10) by direct RT-PCR-based method versus 0.30 log(10) after cultivation (n=8). For the first time, positive correlations between the concentrations of genogroup II, bacterial indicators and human adenoviruses were observed, which may indicate a human faecal pollution. No correlation between genogroups II and I has been revealed. The concentration of genogroup I was only correlated with water turbidity, suggesting an animal pollution coming from upstream after rainfall events. Among the microbiological parameters studied, only genogroup II/genogroup I ratio shows variations occurring in the major sources of faecal pollution.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for the Environment (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS Nancy Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ogorzaly
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tissier
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maul
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gantzer
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012317:RNA Phages / Q000235:genetics*; D045483:Rivers / Q000821:virology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants