title: Philips QT interval measurement algorithms for diagnostic, ambulatory, and patient monitoring ECG applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Commonly used techniques for QT measurement that identify T wave end using amplitude thresholds or the tangent method are sensitive to baseline drift and to variations of terminal T wave shape. Such QT measurement techniques commonly underestimate or overestimate the "true" QT interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  To find the end of the T wave, the new Philips QT interval measurement algorithms use the distance from an ancillary line drawn from the peak of the T wave to a point beyond the expected inflection point at the end of the T wave. We have adapted and optimized modifications of this basic approach for use in three different ECG application areas: resting diagnostic, ambulatory Holter, and in-hospital patient monitoring. The Philips DXL resting diagnostic algorithm uses an alpha-trimming technique and a measure of central tendency to determine the median QT value of eight most reliable leads. In ambulatory Holter ECG analysis, generally only two or three channels are available. QT is measured on a root-mean-square vector magnitude signal. Finally, QT measurement in the real time in-hospital application is among the most challenging areas of QT measurement. The Philips real time QT interval measurement algorithm employs features from both Philips DXL 12-lead and ambulatory Holter QT algorithms with further enhancements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnostic 12-lead algorithm has been tested against the gold standard measurement database established by the CSE group with results surpassing the industrial ECG measurement accuracy standards. Holter and monitoring algorithm performance data on the PhysioNet QT database were shown to be similar to the manual measurements by two cardiologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three variations of the QT measurement algorithm we developed are suitable for diagnostic 12-lead, Holter, and patient monitoring applications.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Algorithm Research Center, Philips Healthcare, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Helfenbein
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lindauer
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Dirk Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Feild
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012146:Rest; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted