title: Modified subtotal cholecystectomy: results of a laparotomy procedure during the laparoscopic era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now indisputably the gold standard for managing most gallbladder diseases. However, subversion of the Calot triangle anatomy cannot always be managed by laparoscopy and often requires a laparotomy conversion. This report discusses our patients treated with our personal technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing subtotal cholecystectomy performed by the same surgeon with a personal technique from January 1999 to December 2007 were considered for the present study. Sex, age, symptoms, co-morbidities, diagnostic modality, time between hospitalization and surgery, length of postsurgical hospitalization, morbidity and mortality, and follow-up were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four men and six women, aged 23 to 88 years, were included. Every patient had symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Four patients had had symptoms for an average of 2.5 days and six for an average of 5.1 h. All patients were studied by ultrasonography, and seven underwent computed tomography. The operation was performed within 48 h in all patients. The average hospital stay from surgery to discharge was different for patients who underwent primary open cholecystectomy (10 days, range 5-16 days) and those having a conversion after a laparoscopic attempt (7.8 days, range 4-16 days). During the postoperative period only one patient presented a self-limiting biliary leak. No postoperative mortality occurred. At follow-up, any recurrences of stone in the biliary tract or newly formed pouch were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that this new approach can be considered effective in every instance of subversion of the normal anatomy of Calot's triangle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina, 95126 Catania, Italy. idicarlo@unict.it
authors.forename: Isidoro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pulvirenti
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corsale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult