title: Histologic and tomographic analyses of the temporomandibular joint after mandibular advancement surgery: study in minipigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to elucidate the changes occurring in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after surgical mandibular advancement with different fixation materials: bicortical screws and miniplates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen minipigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control), nonoperated animals; group II, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by bicortical screws; and group III, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by miniplates. Four months after the surgeries, TMJs were collected and histologically prepared after computerized tomography (CT) scanning for the blind detection of erosion, flattening, and osteophyte.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CT analysis revealed significant alterations in the shape of the condyles (erosion: P = .0010; flattening: P < .0001) for group II compared with groups I and III. Descriptive histologic analysis was compatible with the CT findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that bicortical screw fixation resulted in more pronounced condylar alterations in the shape of the condyles than miniplate osteosynthesis. However, further clinical studies are necessary to confirm these data.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, North of Paraná University, Londrina, Brazil. r-navarro@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ricardo de Lima
authors.initials: Rde L
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Paula Vanessa Pedron
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Oltramari-Navarro
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sant' Ana
authors.forename: José Fernando Castanha
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Rumio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taga
authors.forename: Tânia Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: Carlos Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Rafael Santos
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Paulo César Rodrigues
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed