title: Runx3 and T-box proteins cooperate to establish the transcriptional program of effector CTLs.
abstract: Activation of naive CD8(+) T cells with antigen induces their differentiation into effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs lyse infected or aberrant target cells by exocytosis of lytic granules containing the pore-forming protein perforin and a family of proteases termed granzymes. We show that effector CTL differentiation occurs in two sequential phases in vitro, characterized by early induction of T-bet and late induction of Eomesodermin (Eomes), T-box transcription factors that regulate the early and late phases of interferon (IFN) gamma expression, respectively. In addition, we demonstrate a critical role for the transcription factor Runx3 in CTL differentiation. Runx3 regulates Eomes expression as well as expression of three cardinal markers of the effector CTL program: IFN-gamma, perforin, and granzyme B. Our data point to the existence of an elaborate transcriptional network in which Runx3 initially induces and then cooperates with T-box transcription factors to regulate gene transcription in differentiating CTLs.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School and the Immune Disease Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruz-Guilloty
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pipkin
authors.forename: Ivana M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Djuretic
authors.forename: Ditsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levanon
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lotem
authors.forename: Mathias G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lichtenheld
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Groner
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053804:Granzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D054353:Perforin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; C491198:Eomes protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; C493730:Runx3 protein, mouse; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054353:Perforin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D053804:Granzymes