title: Non-muscle myosin IIA differentially regulates intestinal epithelial cell restitution and matrix invasion.
abstract: Epithelial cell motility is critical for self-rejuvenation of normal intestinal mucosa, wound repair, and cancer metastasis. This process is regulated by the reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton, which is driven by a myosin II motor. However, the role of myosin II in regulating epithelial cell migration remains poorly understood. This study addressed the role of non-muscle myosin (NM) IIA in two different modes of epithelial cell migration: two-dimensional (2-D) migration that occurs during wound closure and three-dimensional (3-D) migration through a Matrigel matrix that occurs during cancer metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of NM IIA in SK-CO15 human colonic epithelial cells resulted in decreased 2-D migration and increased 3-D invasion. The attenuated 2-D migration was associated with increased cell adhesiveness to collagen and laminin and enhanced expression of beta1-integrin and paxillin. On the 2-D surface, NM IIA-deficient SK-CO15 cells failed to assemble focal adhesions and F-actin stress fibers. In contrast, the enhanced invasion of NM IIA-depleted cells was dependent on Raf-ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation, enhanced calpain activity, and increased calpain-2 expression. Our findings suggest that NM IIA promotes 2-D epithelial cell migration but antagonizes 3-D invasion. These observations indicate multiple functions for NM IIA, which, along with the regulation of the F-actin cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions, involve previously unrecognized control of intracellular signaling and protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Babbin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachar
authors.forename: Mary-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Parkos
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Adelstein
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nusrat
authors.forename: Andrei I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ivanov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003094:Collagen; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007797:Laminin; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D024507:Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D024507:Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA