title: Polymeric matrix system for prolonged delivery of tramadol hydrochloride, part I: physicochemical evaluation.
abstract: Management of moderate or severe chronic pain conditions is the burden of clinicians dealing with patients trying to improve their quality of life and diminish their suffering. Although not a new opioid, tramadol has been recently rediscovered and widely used; this may be due to its favorable chronic safety and dependence profiles together with its high potency. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with half-life of approximately 6 h; therefore, it requires frequent dosing. It is freely soluble in water; hence, judicious selection of retarding formulations is necessary. The current study is focused on the innovation of a novel, simple, monolayer, easy-to-use, cost-effective, and aesthetically acceptable bioadhesive transdermal delivery system overcoming the defects of the conventional "patch" as carrier system for tramadol, ensuring its adequate delivery, along with the physicochemical evaluation of the designed formulations. Monolithic tramadol matrix films of chitosan, different types of Eudragit, and binary mixtures of both were prepared. As a single-polymer film, chitosan film showed best properties except for somewhat high moisture uptake capacity, insufficient strength and rapid release, and permeation. Polymer blends were monitored in order to optimize both properties and performance. Promising results were obtained, with chitosan-Eudragit NE30D (1:1) film showing the most desirable combined, sufficiently rapid as well as prolonged release and permeation profiles along with satisfactory organoleptic and physicochemical properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. husseinammar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorab
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El-Nahhas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamel
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010539:Permeability; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004337:Drug Carriers; C477853:Eudragit NE 30-D; D008689:Methacrylates; D010968:Plasticizers; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D014147:Tramadol; D048271:Chitosan