title: Oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis: two-year results of a phase II extension study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of a 24-month extension of a phase II trial assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the once-daily oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, fingolimod (FTY720), in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled core study, 281 patients received placebo or FTY720, 1.25 or 5.0 mg/day, for 6 months. During the subsequent dose-blinded extension, patients assigned to placebo were re-randomized to either dose of FTY720; those originally assigned to FTY720 continued at the same dose. Patients receiving FTY720 5.0 mg were switched to 1.25 mg during the month 15 to month 24 study visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 281 patients randomized in the core study, 250 (89%) entered the extension phase, and 189 (75.6%) received treatment for 24 months. During the core study, FTY720 significantly reduced gadolinium-enhanced (Gd(+)) lesions and annualized relapse rate (ARR) compared with placebo, with no differences between doses. During the extension phase, patients who switched from placebo to FTY720 showed clear reductions in ARR and lesion counts compared with the placebo phase; ARR and lesion counts remained low in patients who continued FTY720 treatment. After 24 months, 79 to 91% of patients were free from Gd(+) lesions and up to 77% of patients remained relapse free. FTY720 was well tolerated; no new safety concerns emerged during months 7 to 24 compared with the 6-month core study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily oral treatment with FTY720, 1.25 or 5.0 mg, for up to 2 years, was well tolerated and was associated with low relapse rates and lesion activity.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. oconnorp@smh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Montalban
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antel
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Radue
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Vera
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine