Extension of market exclusivity and its impact on the accessibility to essential medicines, and drug expense in Thailand: analysis of the effect of TRIPs-Plus proposal.
BACKGROUND
In Thailand and the US negotiating FTA, the 'TRIPs-Plus' is one of the US proposal which would result in an extension of market exclusivity of innovative drugs. In addition, it would foreseeably lead to high and unaffordable medicine prices and inaccessibility to essential medicines.


OBJECTIVE
To quantify the impact on medicine expense and medicine accessibility.


METHODS
Based on 2000 to 2003 Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s and the Drug & Medical Supply Information Center (DMSIC), costs and accessibility were estimated upon the price and quantity costing between innovative drugs and their generics plus some parameters found from their competitive behaviour. Thereafter, we simulated the 10-year potential additional expense on the 2003 unit price of the patented and monopolized non-patented medicines.


RESULTS
In 2003, the availability of generics helped to save 104.5% of actual expense and the accessibility would increase by 53.6%. By extension of market exclusivity, given that there were 60 new items approved annually, the cumulative potential expense was projected to be $US 6.2 million for the first year to $US 5215.8 million in tenth year.


CONCLUSIONS
The TRIPs-Plus proposal would result in a significant increase in the medicine expense; and a delay in the increase in drug accessibility via generics. Several options as well as other related mechanisms to help reduce the negative impact are proposed.
Akaleephan
Chutima
C
International Health Policy Program-Thailand, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Road, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. chutima@ihpp.thaigov.net
Wibulpolprasert
Suwit
S
Sakulbumrungsil
Rungpetch
R
Luangruangrong
Paithip
P
Jitraknathee
Anchalee
A
Aeksaengsri
Achara
A
Udomaksorn
Siripa
S
Tangcharoensathien
Viroj
V
Tantivess
Sripen
S
D000465:Algorithms; D003906:Developing Countries; D016527:Drug Costs; D018954:Drugs, Essential / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D018973:Intellectual Property; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D040541:Marketing; D013785:Thailand
D018954:Drugs, Essential; D016568:Drugs, Generic