title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for management of uncomplicated gall bladder mucocele in six dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technique for, and outcome after, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for management of uncomplicated gall bladder mucocele (GBM) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n=6) with uncomplicated GBM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of GBM but without imaging or laboratory signs of gall bladder rupture, peritonitis, or extra-hepatic biliary tract rupture that had LC were included. A 4 portal technique was used. A fan retractor was used to retract the gall bladder to allow dissection around the cystic duct with 5 or 10 mm right-angle dissecting forceps. The cystic duct was ligated using extracorporeally tied ligatures supplemented sometimes with hemostatic clips. A harmonic scalpel was used to dissect the gall bladder from its fossa. The gall bladder was placed into a specimen retrieval bag and after bile aspiration the bag was withdrawn through the 11 mm portal incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five dogs had mild intermittent clinical signs including vomiting, inappetence, and lethargy. All dogs had successful LC without conversion to an open approach. All dogs with clinical signs had improvement or resolution of signs postoperatively. No important perioperative complications occurred and all dogs were alive at a median of 8 months postoperatively (range, 3-14 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LC can be accomplished safely and effectively in dogs with uncomplicated GBM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minimally invasive approach for cholecystectomy can be used for the treatment of GBM in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. pmayhew@vet.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mehler
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009078:Mucocele / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome