title: Cytogenetic profile predicts prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of cytogenetic studies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been impaired by small sample size, retrospective character, and lack of a survival end point. We prospectively studied the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on a larger cohort of patients having up to 108 months of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumors of 282 patients who underwent nephrectomy for clear cell RCC were cytogenetically analyzed. Results were correlated with pathological factors and disease-specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently observed cytogenetic abnormalities were loss of 3p (60%), gain of 5q (33%), loss of 14q (28%), trisomy 7 (26%), loss of 8p (20%), loss of 6q (17%), loss of 9p (16%), loss of 4p (13%), and loss of chromosome Y in men (55%). Tumors with loss of 3p presented at lower TNM stages. Loss of 4p, 9p, and 14q were all associated with higher TNM stages, higher grade, and greater tumor size. A deletion of 3p was associated with better prognosis (P = .03), while loss of 4p (P < .001), loss of 9p (P < .01), and loss of 14q (P < .01) were each associated with worse prognosis. Loss of the Y chromosome led to improved progression-free survival in metastatic patients (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, loss of 9p was retained as an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cytogenetic study serves as a proof of principal that genetic information, such as loss of chromosome 9, can be obtained from widely available technology, and can provide additional prognostic information to standard clinicopathologic variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1738, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klatte
authors.forename: P Nagesh
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Martino
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaRochelle
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shuch
authors.forename: Nazy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zomorodian
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Fairooz F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Kabbinavar
authors.forename: Arie S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Belldegrun
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pantuck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D014314:Trisomy