title: Association of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and transforming growth factor-beta in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Recent in vitro evidence suggests that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulates the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) by human glomerular epithelial cells. An elevated level of TGF-beta, which is a multifunctional growth cytokine, is also reported in diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the association between ox-LDL and TGF-beta in healthy and type 2 diabetic participants. A total of 80 type 2 diabetic patients, who were referred to the outpatient diabetes clinic of a university general hospital, and 80 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were obtained, and fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, HbA1C, ox-LDL, and TGF-beta were measured. Ox-LDL and TGF-beta were significantly greater in diabetic patients than healthy controls (72.66 +/- 3.11, 46.02 +/- 1.64, P < 0.001 and 4.75 +/- 0.43, 2.06 +/- 0.31, P < 0.001, respectively). Ox-LDL was significantly correlated to TGF-beta in diabetic patients (r = 0.318, P = 0.004). This significant association was not observed in healthy controls (r = 0.148, P = 0.191). In multivariate linear regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and creatinine, ox-LDL was a significant independent predictor of TGF-beta (beta = 0.308, P = 0.007). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ox-LDL is significantly correlated to TGF-beta in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nakhjavanim@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asgarani
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.forename: Abdolrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikzamir
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Safari
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein