title: Repair of Chiari III malformation using cranioplasty and an occipital rotation flap: technical note and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chiari III malformation (CM3) is rare among Chiari malformations (I-IV). Its definition has been expanded to include caudal medullary displacement and hindbrain herniation into encephaloceles in lower occipital and high cervical regions. Prognosis is recorded as dismal, with respect to survival and functional outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the presentation, radiologic evaluation, and repair of this malformation using methyl-methacrylate cranioplasty and an occipital scalp rotation flap for closure. Outcome after surgery is addressed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate closure of the defect and protection of underlying structures was achieved without undue stress at incision site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method of closure can be considered in cases of large occipital and cervical encephaloceles with poor skin cover and added osseous anomalies around the foramen magnum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka State, India. sunilvf@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sunil V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Bangalore A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Anantharam
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Alangar S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000209:etiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008689:Methacrylates; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates