title: Dietary sodium intake and arterial blood pressure.
abstract: We sought to summarize major recent studies in the field of dietary sodium intake and arterial blood pressure, and discuss the following trials. INTERSALT: Sodium intake correlates with the rise in blood pressure with age, but not with the prevalence of hypertension. The population study identified a minimal impact of sodium intake on blood pressure (0.9 mm Hg/10 mmol difference in salt intake). DASH: This diet induced significant reductions in blood pressure compared with the control diet. Further decreases were observed with DASH and a 50 mmol/day sodium intake. VANGUARD: Blood pressure was inversely related to urinary potassium, calcium and magnesium but not to sodium excretion. TONE: Cardiovascular events were highest in the usual care group (83%) and lowest in the sodium reduction-plus-weight loss group (56%). META-ANALYSIS: A systematic review of 11 long-term controlled randomized trials reported a small decrease (1.1 mm Hg) in median systolic but not diastolic blood pressure with a reduced dietary sodium intake. In conclusion, (1) sodium restriction in hypertensive patients reduces blood pressure, and (2) the long-term impact of reduced salt intake on blood pressure, mortality, and morbidity remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48009, USA. fdumler@beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dumler
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003971:Diastole; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013599:Systole; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium