title: Potential genotoxicity of plant extracts used in Ethiopian traditional medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although traditional herbal medicines are widely used in Ethiopia, no information is available on their potential genotoxicity. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Glinus lotoides, Plumbago zeylanica, Rumex steudelii and Thymus schimperi were evaluated for their DNA damaging effects using the comet assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were exposed to different concentrations of the extracts for 3h with and without metabolic activation (S9-mix) using 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and benzo(a)pyrene as positive controls, and vehicles as negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of S9, all extracts were found to induce significant DNA damage without affecting the cell viability. T. schimperi and R. steudelii were the most potent DNA-damaging extracts, and G. lotoides and P. zeylanica the least potent. The addition of S9 had different effects on the DNA damage induced by the extracts: it lowered the DNA damaging effect of P. zeylanica, did not affect the DNA damaging effect of T. schimperi, and increased the DNA damaging effects of R. steudelii and G. lotoides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that all extracts evaluated have a genotoxic potential in vitro which needs to be substantiated by further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Demma
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engidawork
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellman
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005002:Ethiopia; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D051379:Mice; D035704:Molluginaceae; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D029606:Plumbaginaceae; D031804:Rumex; D046930:Thymus Plant
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide