Direct and indirect costs to employers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without nephritis.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the medical- and productivity-related cost burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE with nephritis in an employee population.


METHODS
Using administrative data, annual costs were calculated for SLE patients, a subset with nephritis, and a matched control group of patients without SLE. These costs were compared with the cost of other chronic conditions.


RESULTS
Mean annual medical expenditures and short term disability costs for SLE patients were $12,238 and $1184 greater (2005 dollars), respectively, than those of controls. Mean medical expenditures for SLE/nephritis patients were $46,862 greater than for controls. When compared with other chronic health conditions faced by employees, SLE/nephritis was the most costly condition.


CONCLUSIONS
SLE, particularly with nephritis, is associated with substantial costs. Therapies that can better manage SLE may provide opportunities for savings to employers.
Carls
Ginger
G
Health and Productivity Division, Thomson Healthcare, Ann Arbor, Mich, USA. Ginger.Carls@thomson.com
Li
Tracy
T
Panopalis
Pantelis
P
Wang
Shaohung
S
Mell
Amy G
AG
Gibson
Teresa B
TB
Goetzel
Ron Z
RZ
D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000191:economics*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult