title: Phosphocholine-containing glycosyl inositol-phosphoceramides from Trichoderma viride induce defense responses in cultured rice cells.
abstract: We isolated two major zwitterionic glycosphingolipids (ZGLs) from the phytopathogenic filamentous fungus Trichoderma viride. Structural analyses showed that the ZGLs (designated Tv-ZGL2 and Tv-ZGL3) were the same as the glycosphingolipids ZGL2 and ZGL4 from Acremonium sp., which are described in our previous paper. ZGLs have the following structure: Man(alpha1-6)GlcN(alpha1-2)Ins-P-Cer (Tv-ZGL2) and phosphocholine (PC)-->6Man(alpha1-6)GlcN(alpha1-2)Ins-P-Cer (Tv-ZGL3). To determine whether these ZGLs have functional roles in plant-fungus interaction, we tested to determine whether they would induce defense responses in cultured rice cells. We found that T. viride's ZGLs elicited expression of the PAL and PBZ1 genes, both of which are associated with pathogen resistance. Tv-ZGL2 induced cell death at a moderate rate. Tv-ZGL3, which contains a PC moiety, induced a high level of cell death in rice cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Hayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taka
authors.forename: Takane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itonori
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Fang-Sik
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000276:immunology; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000502:physiology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006028:Glycosphingolipids; C099062:PBZ1 protein, Oryza sativa; D010940:Plant Proteins; C025524:inositolphosphoceramides; D010767:Phosphorylcholine