title: Neonatal handling and the maternal odor preference in rat pups: involvement of monoamines and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein pathway in the olfactory bulb.
abstract: Early-life environmental events, such as the handling procedure, can induce long-lasting alterations upon several behavioral and neuroendocrine systems. However, the changes within the pups that could be causally related to the effects in adulthood are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of neonatal handling on behavioral (maternal odor preference) and biochemical (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the olfactory bulb (OB)) parameters in 7-day-old male and female rat pups. Repeated handling (RH) abolished preference for the maternal odor in female pups compared with nonhandled (NH) and the single-handled (SH) ones, while in RH males the preference was not different than NH and SH groups. In both male and female pups, RH decreased NA activity in the OB, but 5-HT activity increased only in males. Since preference for the maternal odor involves the synergic action of NA and 5-HT in the OB, the maintenance of the behavior in RH males could be related to the increased 5-HT activity, in spite of reduction in the NA activity in the OB. RH did not alter CREB phosphorylation in the OB of both male and females compared with NH pups. The repeated handling procedure can affect the behavior of rat pups in response to the maternal odor and biochemical parameters related to the olfactory learning mechanism. Sex differences were already detected in 7-day-old pups. Although the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stressors is reduced in the neonatal period, environmental interventions may impact behavioral and biochemical mechanisms relevant to the animal at that early age.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raineki
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Szawka
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: L F T
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: De Vasconcellos
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sanvitto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bevilaqua
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lucion
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein