title: Sustained activation of STAT5 is essential for chromatin remodeling and maintenance of mammary-specific function.
abstract: Epithelial cells, once dissociated and placed in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, rapidly lose tissue-specific functions. We showed previously that in addition to prolactin, signaling by laminin-111 was necessary to restore functional differentiation of mammary epithelia. Here, we elucidate two additional aspects of laminin-111 action. We show that in 2D cultures, the prolactin receptor is basolaterally localized and physically segregated from its apically placed ligand. Detachment of the cells exposes the receptor to ligation by prolactin leading to signal transducers and activators of transcription protein 5 (STAT5) activation, but only transiently and not sufficiently for induction of milk protein expression. We show that laminin-111 reorganizes mammary cells into polarized acini, allowing both the exposure of the prolactin receptor and sustained activation of STAT5. The use of constitutively active STAT5 constructs showed that the latter is necessary and sufficient for chromatin reorganization and beta-casein transcription. These results underscore the crucial role of continuous laminin signaling and polarized tissue architecture in maintenance of transcription factor activation, chromatin organization, and tissue-specific gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Celeste M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Muschler
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veiseh
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Vonderhaar
authors.forename: Mina J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bissell
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D049030:Dystroglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D006657:Histones; D007797:Laminin; D008894:Milk Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D049030:Dystroglycans; D011388:Prolactin; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2