title: Endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: Nephroureterectomy is currently the gold standard for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma despite it results. This review article in the loss of a renal unit. The ultimate aim of endoscopic management of this condition is cancer control whilst preserving renal function and the integrity of the urinary tract. Endoscopic treatments of upper tract TCC include the antegrade percutaneous and retrograde ureteroscopic approaches. This review article summarizes the endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma, surveillance of the disease after endoscopic management and adjuvant therapy. The main message regarding endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial cancer is that patients must be carefully selected. Patient selection is based on tumour size, grade, and multifocality. Single low-grade tumours, less than 1.5 cm in size, generally have a good outcome with endoscopic treatment provided that they have regular ureteroscopic surveillance. Ureteroscopic treatment of high-grade tumours is essentially palliative. It is essential that patients are motivated and compliant as lifetime follow-up is necessary. However, until large randomized trials with long-term follow-up are performed, endoscopic management cannot be considered a standard treatment and should be limited to poor performance status patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK. katiemoore@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khastgir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghei