title: Risk factors for bacteremia during and after adenoidectomy and/or adenotonsillectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and persistence of bacteremia in children undergoing adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy for different medical reasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 130 children scheduled for adenoidectomy because of recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM, 15) or persistent otitis media with effusion (pOME, 33), or for adenotonsillectomy because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS, 41) or recurrent tonsillopharyngitis (rTF, 41). Nasopharyngeal aspirates taken just before surgery, swabs of the ablated central adenoidal and tonsillar tissues, and blood samples taken within the first 30s of beginning the operation and 20min after its end were used for bacterial cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of positive blood cultures after the beginning of the operation was significantly higher in the children who underwent adenotonsillectomy than in those who underwent adenoidectomy, and in those with rAOM or rTF than in those with pOME or OSAS. Children with nasopharyngeal colonisation were significantly more likely to have a positive blood culture than those without. Twenty of the 25 children with a positive blood culture (80.0%), had the same bacteria in their nasopharyngeal and adenoidal/tonsillar tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that bacteremia is significantly more frequently associated with adenotonsillectomy than with adenoidectomy, and significantly more frequent in patients with a history of rAOM or rTF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capaccio
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellasio
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semino
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dusi
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pignataro
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Principi
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000382:microbiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*