title: A comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist and GnRH agonist flare protocols for poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare stimulation profiles, pregnancy, and live birth rates in poor responders during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles using either a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (cetrorelix) or a GnRH agonist flare protocol (leuprolide).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-affiliated IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women designated as poor responders based on a prior stimulation cycle or baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level of >10 mIU/mL, who needed at least 375 IU of starting daily gonadotropins in the study cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Administration of GnRH agonist flare or GnRH antagonist protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 68 GnRH antagonist and 45 GnRH agonist flare cycles, the groups were similar with respect to age (38.8 versus 38.6 years) and basal FSH concentration (8.33 versus 8.65 mIU/mL). No statistically significant differences between the protocol types were noted in peak estradiol levels, amount of gonadotropins used, number of oocytes obtained, or embryos transferred. The pregnancy rates (40% versus 45.2%) and live birth rates (27.7% versus 31.7%) in the GnRH antagonist and flare groups, respectively, were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We achieved excellent and comparable pregnancy and live birth rates in poor responders of advanced reproductive age with the use of either GnRH antagonist or flare protocol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berin
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keltz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone