title: Effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on ischaemia/reperfusion in rabbit skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tourniquet use is a common tool in surgical procedures of the limbs. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 not only has a role in replacement of the liquid deficits due to trauma, bleeding or shock, but it is also effective in enhancing tissue oxygen tension and regulation of microcirculation. The aim of this study was to investigate how 6% HES 130/0.4 affects ischaemia and reperfusion in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ischaemia/reperfusion model (3 and 2 h, respectively) was applied in 14 rabbits. Group S (n = 7) was infused with 0.9% NaCl (0.2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and group HES was infused with 6% HES 130/0.4 (0.2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). The total liquid was divided into equal one-thirds and given in the preischaemia, ischaemia and reperfusion phases. Ketamine HCl (30 mg kg(-1)) was used for anaesthesia, and blood pressure, pulse and blood gases were monitored. Muscle biopsies were taken in the preischaemic (A), ischaemic (B) and reperfusion (C) phases. In these samples, nitrite, nitrate, reduced glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured to assess oxidative stress elements, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured to assess lipid peroxidation. Repeated variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis of these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group S, the MPO levels were significantly increased in the reperfusion phase compared with baseline, whereas there was a decrease in MPO levels in the reperfusion period in the HES group. This difference between groups was statistically significant (P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that 6% HES 130/0.4 solution is more effective in the prevention of ischaemia/reperfusion injury than saline when given in the same volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ministry of Health Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. nurteninan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iltar
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Surer
authors.forename: Gulsen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: K Bahadir
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Alemdaroglu
authors.forename: M Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yazar
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Basar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D009195:Peroxidase