title: A possible association between aprotinin and improved survival after radical surgery for mesothelioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aprotinin has been used to decrease blood loss with complicated cardiac surgery but has not been investigated in extrapleural pneumonectomy, an operation that does not use cardiopulmonary bypass. In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, the authors investigated whether aprotinin decreased blood loss in patients who underwent this operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After appropriate statistical design and institutional review board approval, eligible patients who were scheduled for extrapleural pneumonectomy were randomized to receive either aprotinin or placebo during the operation. Blood loss and survival data were obtained from electronic medical records and surgical databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 20 patients who were enrolled, 16 patients met criteria for blood loss analysis. Four patients were excluded from the blood loss analysis: Three patients were inoperable because of tumor spread and underwent limited surgery, and 1 patient died intraoperatively because of acute, massive hemorrhage. The mean blood loss was 769 mL with aprotinin versus 1832 mL with placebo (P = .05; Wilcoxon test). All 20 patients were included in survival analyses. All 9 patients who received placebo died. In contrast, 7 of 11 patients who received aprotinin remained alive at the time of the current report. Kaplan-Meier survival curves differed significantly between the 2 groups (P = .0004). A Bayesian multivariate survival analysis of 18 patients who had complete data available on 8 prognostic variables indicated a posterior probability of .99 that aprotinin was beneficial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aprotinin decreased blood loss. After accounting for covariate effects, there was a significant comparative benefit with aprotinin in postoperative survival. This finding was unexpected and could not be considered conclusive because of the small size of the current study. A confirmatory study may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. phnorman@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Thall
authors.forename: Ronaldo V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Purugganan
authors.forename: Bernhard J C J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: Dilip R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thakar
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Sijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: W Roy
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smythe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin