title: Consanguinity associated with increased risk for bipolar I disorder in Egypt.
abstract: We aimed to contrast rates of consanguinity among patients with bipolar I disorder (BP1) and controls in a population with customary consanguineous marriages (i.e., marriage between related individuals). Consanguinity increases risk for numerous monogenic and polygenic diseases. Whether the risk for BP1 increases with consanguinity has not been investigated systematically. Two independent studies were conducted in Egypt: (1) Case-control study 93 patients with BP1, 90 screened adult control individuals, and available parents. The inbreeding coefficient/consanguinity rate was estimated in two ways: using 64 DNA polymorphisms ("DNA-based" rate); and from family history data ("self report"); (2) Epidemiological survey: total of 1,584 individuals were screened, from whom self-reported consanguinity data were obtained for identified BP1 cases (n = 35) and 150 randomly selected, unaffected control individuals. DNA-based consanguinity rates showed significant case-control differences (P = 0.0039). Self-reported consanguinity rates were also elevated among BP1 patients in both samples (Study #1 OR = 2.66, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.34, 5.29; Study #2: OR = 4.64, 95% CI: 2.01, 10.34). In conclusion, two independent, systematic studies indicate increased consanguinity among Egyptian BP1 patients in the Nile delta region. Self-reported estimates of consanguinity are bolstered by DNA-based estimates, and both show significant case-control differences for BP1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Hader
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Lambertus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klei
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talkowski
authors.forename: Kodavali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chowdari
authors.forename: Warda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eissa
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: Salwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobar
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Boraie
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gaafar
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elassy
authors.forename: Nahed E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Bahaei
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahda
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El Sheshtawy
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Boraie
authors.forename: Farha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Chennawi
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Vishwajit L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nimgaonkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003241:Consanguinity; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors