title: Frequency tuning curves derived from auditory steady state evoked potentials: a proof-of-concept study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the feasibility of drawing tuning curves from the masking function of steady state potentials. Develop a noninvasive tool for research applications on cochlear frequency selectivity in sedated animals. Obtain pilot human data validating auditory steady state evoked potential-derived (ASSEP) tuning curves against psychophysical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  ASSEP tuning curves were drawn in 10 Beagle puppies and six human adults using amplitude-modulated probes. Two probe frequencies (1 and 2 kHz) were used in dogs and only one (2 kHz) in humans. The modulation rates of the two probes were set to 81 and 88 Hz, respectively. Psychophysical tuning curves were obtained in 12 normal human subjects using the same maskers and either a pure-tone or an amplitude-modulated probe to verify if the latter had a specific effect on tuning curve parameters. Six of these 12 subjects participated in the electrophysiologic measurements. For each tuning curve, the intensity of the narrowband masker required just to mask the fixed probe was plotted for different masker center frequencies. Masker center frequencies extended to about half an octave above and an octave below the probe frequencies in 100-Hz steps. Tuning curve width (Q10 dB values), high- and low-frequency slopes (in dB/octave) and the masker frequency yielding the lowest masking threshold (maximal masker frequency) were computed. Canine Q10 dB values obtained were compared with those published for several species with other techniques. For humans, ASSEP and psychophysical tuning curves were directly compared in the same subjects and with published data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In dogs, the ASSEP method yielded reproducible tuning curves with qualitative and quantitative parameters similar to other physiologic measures of tuning obtained in various animals. Q10 dB values were greater at 2 than at 1 kHz, reflecting the well-known correlation between sharpness of tuning and central frequency. In humans, ASSEP Q10 dB values were slightly smaller than the psychophysical ones, but were greater by a factor of 2 than those obtained with previously published electrophysiologic procedures. In both species, detuning-a shift of the tip of the curve away from the probe frequency-was frequently observed as upward shifts with a maximal value of 200 Hz. Human psychophysical tuning curves also showed a certain amount of upward detuning. The intraindividual comparison of the two types of probes performed on human subjects with the psychophysical method did not indicate a specific effect of the amplitude-modulated probe on the curve parameters. Neither did the intraindividual comparisons indicate that an amplitude-modulated probe per se promoted detuning. Detuning has been observed with several other techniques and is usually attributed to nonlinear interactions between masker and probe in simultaneous masking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring realistic ASSEP tuning curves in sedated dogs and in sleeping human adults. The ASSEP tuning curves exhibit a series of classical features similar to those obtained with time-honored methods. These results pave the way for the development of a noninvasive electrophysiologic method for tuning curve recording and its applications in noncooperative experimental animals or clinical subjects.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium. emarkess@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Markessis
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poncelet
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppens
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hoonhorst
authors.forename: Hazim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadhim
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deltenre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011601:Psychophysics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives