title: Indigenous microfungi and plants reduce soil nonylphenol contamination and stimulate resident microfungal communities.
abstract: Nonylphenol, the most abundant environmental pollutant with endocrine disrupting activity, is also toxic to plants and microorganisms, but its actual impact in the field is unknown. In this study, diversity of culturable soil microfungal and plant communities was assessed in a disused industrial estate, at three sites featuring different nonylphenol pollution. Although soil microfungal assemblages varied widely among the sites, no significant correlation was found with point pollutant concentrations, thus suggesting indirect effects of soil contamination on microfungal assemblages. The potential of indigenous fungi and plants to remove nonylphenol was assessed in mesocosm experiments. Poplar plants and a fungal consortium consisting of the most abundant strains in the nonylphenol-polluted soil samples were tested alone or in combination for their ability to reduce, under greenhouse conditions, nonylphenol levels either in a sterile, artificially contaminated sand substrate, or in two non-sterile soils from the original industrial area. Introduction of indigenous fungi consistently reduced nonylphenol levels in all substrates, up to ca. 70% depletion, whereas introduction of the plant proved to be effective only with high initial pollutant levels. In native non-sterile soil, nonylphenol depletion following fungal inoculation correlated with biostimulation of indigenous fungi, suggesting positive interactions between introduced and resident fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Biosensing (CEBIOVEM), University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. mariangela.girlanda@unito.it
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girlanda
authors.forename: Sergio Enrico
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Favero-Longo
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzari
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Segreto
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perotto
authors.forename: Consolata
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siniscalco
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C025256:nonylphenol