title: Medical-grade silicone induces release of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without activating T cells.
abstract: For more than 40 years, silicone implants had been employed in aesthetic, cosmetic medicine, and plastic surgery. Although adverse reactions produced by these products are rare, cases of immuno-mediated reactions have been reported. To evaluate the aspects of immuno-reactivity to medical-grade silicone dermal filler, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 39 individuals were studied. PBMC used include individuals with silicone injection-related delayed adverse reactions, with silicone injections, and healthy control. Silicone induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in all three groups. Notably, elevated production of IL-6 was observed in nonstimulated PBMC and also the percentage of CD4(+)CD69(+) T cells was higher in PHA-stimulated PBMC from individuals with silicone injection-related adverse reactions when compared with other two groups. However, IFN-gamma was not released in silicone-stimulated or silicone+LPS-stimulated PBMC from any group and no production of IL-2 was measured indicating no proliferative response of PBMC. Subsequently, no CD4(+)CD69(+) T cells were observed in these conditions. Finally, the inflammatory response in silicone-stimulated cultures of monocyte-derived macrophages with autologous lymphocytes is lesser than that observed in PBMC. In conclusion, silicone induces a release of proinflammatory cytokines but does not act as a polyclonal activator of CD4(+) T cells. Thus, silicone is mounting an immune response in individuals with silicone-related adverse effects but is not silicone antigen-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Aging Basic Research Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center for Nanomedicine, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miro-Mur
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindié
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandhaya-Pillai
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tobajas
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alijotas-Reig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012828:Silicones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D012828:Silicones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099192:CD69 Antigens