title: Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine relationships between physical fitness and academic achievement in diverse, urban public school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study used public school data from 2004 to 2005. Academic achievement was assessed as a passing score on Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) achievement tests in Mathematics (fourth, sixth, and eighth grade, n = 1103) and in English (fourth and seventh grade, n = 744). Fitness achievement was assessed as the number of physical fitness tests passed during physical education (PE). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the probability of passing the MCAS tests, controlling for students' weight status (BMI z score), ethnicity, gender, grade, and socioeconomic status (school lunch enrollment).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of passing both the MCAS Mathematics test and the MCAS English test increased as the number of fitness tests passed increased (p < .0001 and p < .05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show statistically significant relationships between fitness and academic achievement, though the direction of causation is not known. While more research is required, promoting fitness by increasing opportunities for physical activity during PE, recess, and out of school time may support academic achievement.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Community Health, Lecturer on Medicine, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA 02141, USA. vchomitz@challiance.org
authors.forename: Virginia R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Chomitz
authors.forename: Meghan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Slining
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Glen F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hacker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health