title: Assessing fluoride treatment and resistance of dental enamel to soft drink erosion in vitro: applications of focus variation 3D scanning microscopy and stylus profilometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assesses the application of the focus variation 3D microscopy for the evaluation of dental erosion and fluoride treatment for prevention of enamel erosion in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dental enamel disks were treated with Prevident 5000 (PV, n=15) for 1 week and compared with a reference group (PN, n=15) after orange juice erosion in vitro. A focus variation 3D scanning microscope (IFM) and a stylus type profilometer (SSP) were used to evaluate the erosion depths on enamel. 3D topographic images were taken with vertical resolutions of 0.1 and 0.02 microm. Scratch marks depths from SSP were measured on IFM images. Measurements were compared between the SSP and IFM and between the two study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SSP and IFM measurements of eroded enamel surfaces showed similar trends between the two methods and between the two study groups. The SSP and the IFM measurements were statistically significantly different but correlated with each other. PV group showed consistently lower erosion depth than PN in all profile measures using both SSP and IFM. The stylus tip created scratch marks that were significantly different in depths between the eroded and the reference surfaces in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The focus variation 3D microscopy is a powerful tool in evaluating surface topography associated with enamel erosion and in assessing the treatment effects of anti-erosive therapies. Topical treatment with Prevident 5000 significantly increased enamel resistance to erosion by orange juice and should be considered as a treatment choice in patients susceptible to acidic dental erosion.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Eastman Dental Center, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14620, USA. yanfang_ren@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Qiongzhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmstrom
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D019343:Citric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride