title: In vitro toxic effects of metal compounds on kinetic traits and ultrastructure of rabbit spermatozoa.
abstract: Metal compounds have been associated with male reproductive toxicity in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of 20 metal compounds using rabbit ejaculated spermatozoa as a study model for spermiotoxicity. Five of the metals tested (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and vanadium) reduced sperm motility and curvilinear velocity. Ultrastructural analyses revealed three types of damage to sperm head membranes in relation to the metal used: acrosome breakage with formation of various sized microvesicles (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and platinum); a large round hole (arsenic, cadmium and chromium), and numerous folds in the acrosome membrane (vanadium). The vanadium compound, followed by chromium and mercury compounds, determined a higher number of damaged spermatozoa. In conclusion, all the studied metal compounds, at levels higher than 1microM, may reduce sperm kinetic characteristics and probably fertilizing capacity by triggering specific morphological damages to the head and/or by inhibiting motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Section of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy. cesare@unipg.it
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castellini
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mourvaki
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sartini
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collodel
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fortaner
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbioni
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Renieri
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals