title: Increased opioid release in specific brain areas in animals exposed to prenatal morphine and emotional stress later in life.
abstract: Prenatal morphine treatment and emotional stress both have been shown to increase sensitivity to reward-related behaviors. It has been postulated that this increased sensitivity to rewarding stimuli may be the result of an enhanced release of endogenous opioids. In the present study, in vivo autoradiography was employed to investigate the endogenous opioid release in specific brain areas in rats. Pregnant animals were exposed to morphine or saline from day 8 of gestation till birth. Development of pups was monitored and play behavior was tested on postnatal day 21. Adult rats were exposed to repeated emotional stress or control treatment for five consecutive days and tested in a small open field 5 days later. [(3)H]-Diprenorphine was injected following this test to investigate endogenous opioid release. Prenatal morphine treatment increased play behavior and endogenous opioid release in a number of cortical and subcortical brain areas after being subjected to an open field challenge later in life. Emotional stress exposure increased locomotor activity in the open field irrespective of the type of prenatal treatment and increased endogenous opioid release in some specific brain areas. It is suggested that the increased release of endogenous opioids in the substantia nigra, the piriform cortex and the septum observed after both types of treatments is related to the increased sensitivity to reward.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F T A
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Buisman-Pijlman
authors.forename: M A F M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gerrits
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Van Ree
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004174:Diprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D014316:Tritium; D004174:Diprenorphine; D009020:Morphine