Effects of high and normal soyprotein breakfasts on satiety and subsequent energy intake, including amino acid and 'satiety' hormone responses.
BACKGROUND
The role of dietary protein in short term satiety is of interest with respect to body weight regulation.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of a high versus a normal soyprotein breakfast on satiety and subsequent energy intake (EI), including 'satiety' hormones and plasma amino acid responses.


METHODS
Twenty-five healthy subjects (mean +/- SEM, BMI: 23.9 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2); age: 22 +/- 1 years) received a subject-specific standardized breakfast: a custard with soy as single protein type with either 10/55/35 (normal-protein) or 25/55/20 (high-protein) En% protein/carbohydrate/fat in a randomized, single-blind design. Appetite profile (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), plasma glucose, insulin, Glucagon-like Peptide 1, ghrelin, and amino acid concentrations were determined for 4 h, determining the sensitive time point to assess EI. Since at 180 min glucose and insulin concentrations still were significantly different, in a second set of experiments subjects received an ad lib lunch at 180 min after the breakfasts; EI was assessed.


RESULTS
Overall the 25 En% soy-custard was rated as being more satiating than the 10 En% soy-custard (P < 0.01) and there was a difference at 20 min after breakfast (64 +/- 5 vs. 52 +/- 5 mmVAS, P < 0.05), related to higher postprandial taurine concentrations (P < 0.05). Insulin response was increased more after the 25 En% than after the 10 En% soy-custard (AUC: 7,520 +/- 929 vs. 4,936 +/- 468 mU/l h, P < 0.001). There was no difference in EI (25 En%: 3,212 +/- 280 kJ vs. 10 En%: 3,098 +/- 286 kJ, ns).


CONCLUSIONS
A high soyprotein breakfast is more satiating than a normal soyprotein breakfast related to elevated taurine and insulin concentrations.
Veldhorst
Margriet A B
MA
Dept. of Human Biology Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.veldhorst@hb.unimaas.nl
Nieuwenhuizen
Arie G
AG
Hochstenbach-Waelen
Ananda
A
Westerterp
Klaas R
KR
Engelen
Marielle P K J
MP
Brummer
Robert-Jan M
RJ
Deutz
Nicolaas E P
NE
Westerterp-Plantenga
Margriet S
MS
D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055697:Taste Perception; D013654:Taurine / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D054439:Ghrelin; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D013654:Taurine; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1