title: Effect of verapamil, trandolapril and their combination on vascular function and structure in essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of treatment with verapamil, trandolapril and their combination on peripheral microcirculation vasoreactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty hypertensive patients were randomized to receive oral trandolapril (4 mg oid; TRA) or verapamil (240 mg oid; VER) for 6 months and then the combination of the two drugs for additional 6 months. At baseline, 6 months and 12 months, peripheral microcirculation vasoreactivity was evaluated by forearm blood flow technique (venous plethysmography), as vasodilation to an endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and an endothelium-independent stimulus (sodium nitroprusside, SNP); minimal forearm vascular resistances (MFVR) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure decreased similarly and progressively in both groups throughout the study period. In VER, 6-month verapamil treatment significantly increased vasodilation to acetylcholine, but not to SNP. The superimposition of trandolapril increased the response to SNP, and less to acetylcholine. In TRA group, 6-month treatment with trandolapril improved the response to SNP, but not to acetylcholine. In this group, the superimposition of verapamil caused a significant improvement in the response to acetylcholine, but not to SNP. At the end of the study, MFVR were significantly reduced in both groups, but to a greater extent in TRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that chronic treatment with verapamil ameliorates endothelial function in the forearm microcirculation of essential hypertensive patients, while trandolapril protects microcirculation from structural alterations. The combination of the two drugs is potentially a powerful tool to counteract hypertension-related microvascular dysfunction and damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Versari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virdis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daghini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duranti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magagna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007211:Indoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; C052035:trandolapril; D014700:Verapamil; D000109:Acetylcholine