title: Otoacoustic emissions and effects of contralateral white noise stimulation on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in diabetic children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, our aim was to determine presence of dysfunction in the efferent auditory system of children with type-I diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting no evidence of symptomatic neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children with type-I DM (DM group) and 31 age matched healthy children (control group) with normal hearing and middle ear function were entered to the study. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE) measurements were performed. Then, the TEOAE recording was repeated while a continuous broadband white noise (bandwidth: 50-8000 Hz) presented at 40 dB SL was delivered to the contralateral ear for efferent auditory system suppression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that contralateral stimulation (CS) with white noise resulted in significantly more pronounced suppression of the TEOAE response amplitude in healthy controls compared to DM group at 2000 and 4000 Hz frequencies. Further, a relatively higher percentage of the controls had suppression in at least three frequencies compared to DM group. SOAE prevalence was found to be higher in the DM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest presence of a dysfunction in medial olivocochlear efferent system in diabetic children. This may be regarded as an early central manifestation of diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Ankara, Turkey. aslihanugur@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Aslihan Kulekci
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: Yusuf Kemal
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kemaloglu
authors.forename: Mehmet Birol
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Cagil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saridogan
authors.forename: Ediz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yesilkaya
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bideci
authors.forename: Peyami
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cinaz
authors.forename: Nebil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goksu
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D001299:Audiometry; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric