title: Mapping metals in Parkinson's and normal brain using rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence.
abstract: Rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence (RS-XRF) is a synchrotron technology that maps multiple metals in tissues by employing unique hardware and software to increase scanning speed. RS-XRF was validated by mapping and quantifying iron, zinc and copper in brain slices from Parkinson's disease (PD) and unaffected subjects. Regions and structures in the brain were readily identified by their metal complement and each metal had a unique distribution. Many zinc-rich brain regions were low in iron and vice versa. The location and amount of iron in brain regions known to be affected in PD agreed with analyses using other methods. Sample preparation is simple and standard formalin-fixed autopsy slices are suitable. RS-XRF can simultaneously and non-destructively map and quantify multiple metals and holds great promise to reveal metal pathologies associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as diseases of metal metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan SK Canada.
authors.forename: Bogdan F Gh
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Alex V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Garachtchenko
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Richard P E
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McCrea
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lüning
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Devon
authors.forename: Graham N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Akela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Sheri M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: L Dean
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Ingrid J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nichol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D008670:Metals