title: Poor work environments and nurse inexperience are associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction and quality deficits in Japanese hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe nurse burnout, job dissatisfaction and quality of care in Japanese hospitals and to determine how these outcomes are associated with work environment factors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction are associated with poor nurse retention and uneven quality of care in other countries but comprehensive data have been lacking on Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 5956 staff nurses on 302 units in 19 acute hospitals in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses were provided information about years of experience, completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and reported on resource adequacy and working relations with doctors using the Nursing Work Index-Revised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six per cent of nurses scored high on burnout, 60% were dissatisfied with their jobs and 59% ranked quality of care as only fair or poor. About one-third had fewer than four years of experience and more than two-thirds had less than 10. Only one in five nurses reported there were enough registered nurses to provide quality care and more than half reported that teamwork between nurses and physicians was lacking. The odds on high burnout, job dissatisfaction and poor-fair quality of care were twice as high in hospitals with 50% inexperienced nurses than with 20% inexperienced nurses and 40% higher in hospitals where nurses had less satisfactory relations with physicians. Nurses in poorly staffed hospitals were 50% more likely to exhibit burnout, twice as likely to be dissatisfied and 75% more likely to report poor or fair quality care than nurses in better staffed hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved nurse staffing and working relationships with physicians may reduce nurse burnout, job dissatisfaction and low nurse-assessed quality of care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staff nurses should engage supervisors and medical staff in discussions about retaining more experienced nurses at the bedside, implementing strategies to enhance clinical staffing and identifying ways to improve nurse-physician working relations.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai-Pak
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Aiken
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poghosyan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011787:Quality of Health Care