Relationships between eosinophilic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis in eosinophilic esophagitis.
The clinical and pathologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) include extensive tissue remodeling. Increasing evidence supports a key role for the eosinophil in multiple aspects of the esophageal remodeling and fibrosis seen in this allergic disease. This article reviews the clinical implications of esophageal remodeling and fibrosis in EE and discusses the possible pathogenic mechanisms inducing and regulating these responses. The focus is specifically on eosinophil and cytokine interactions with the esophageal epithelium, vascular endothelium, resident fibroblasts, and smooth muscle. Current and potential therapeutic interventions are discussed that may impact the development or resolution of chronic esophageal remodeling and fibrosis in EE.
Aceves
Seema S
SS
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5114, San Diego, CA 92123-6791, USA.
Ackerman
Steven J
SJ
D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D002631:Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil / Q000276:immunology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology
D002631:Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta