title: Enhanced stent visualization: a case series demonstrating practical applications during PCI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visualization of coronary stents is increasingly challenging due to the reduction in stent strut thickness to improve deliverability. On the other hand stent expansion and precise implantation in the target vessel are important in optimizing short and long-term outcomes of stent-based revascularization. Stentboost Subtract is a novel X-ray technique that improves visualization of deployed stents in the coronary arteries. Using motion compensation and integration of multiple non-contrast projection images from a fixed gantry position, this new technique depicts stent morphology allowing assessment of stent expansion and extent of overlap with adjacent stents. We present a case series in which enhanced stent visualization (ESV) facilitated interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and angiographic characteristics of 6 cases utilizing ESV were reviewed. All ESV acquisitions in this case series utilized an 8 in. field of view (FOV), 3 ml/sec. for a total of 6 ml of contrast, and placement of balloon markers in the region of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cases presented significantly facilitated the identification of bifurcation stenting techniques, precise stent positioning, stent underexpansion and assisted with defining stent-vessel wall relationship that was additive to intravascular ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESV is a novel tool used in coronary interventions that facilitates non-invasive assessment of stent positioning, expansion and stent-vessel interactions. This inexpensive ESV technique is complimentary to IVUS and in some cases obviates its need.
authors.forename: Marvin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansgen
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents