title: [Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children with risk factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the clinical features of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), accompanying with risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinic data of 19 patients treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Guangzhou Children's Hospital between January 2005 to January 2008 were investigated retrospectively. Among them, 5 were < 2 years old, 6 with craniofacial deformity: small mandible and (or) mandibular retrusion (5 cases), transverse facial cleft (1 case), Down's syndrome (2 cases), cerebral palsy (2 cases), chronic bronchitis (3 cases) and mucopolysaccharidoses (1 case). Nineteen patients with symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing, were diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) and treated by tonsillectomy and (or) adenoidectomy in hospital. All patients were closely followed-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients underwent PSG 6 months to 1 year after operation, 11 patients recovered, the median [percentiles 25; percentiles 75] apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from the pre-operative 22.5 [16.5; 24.3] times/h to 2.0 [1.5; 4.3] times/h, and the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO(2)) before operation was 0.63, and was higher than 0.92 after operation, 1 case accompanying with chronic bronchitis, the pulmonary hypertension was improved after operation. One case with Down's syndrome was not significantly improved, preoperative AHI and LSaO(2) was 22.4 times/h and 0.67, and after operation was 14.2 and 0.84; 2 cases accepted adenoidectomy only, snoring, mouth breathing reappeared 3 months after operation, pre-operative PSG results showed AHI 24.6 times/h and 26.6 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.69 and 0.73, after operation the AHI was 10.6 times/h and 8.5 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.90 and 0.88, the symptoms disappeared after adenotonsillectomy. Five cases did not have PSG because they lived far away in the other cities, their pre-operative PSG showed AHI 16.4 to 26.2 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.65 to 0.76. One year after operation, these patients were followed-up by telephone, 4 children were significantly improved, 1 case with mandibular symptoms showed no improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For OSAHS children accompanying with risk factors, if they have adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy, adenotonsillectomy is the major treatment. Because of the existence of risk factors, perioperative risk increased, even the failure of operation. so these patients must be comprehensively assessed before operation. Satisfied results can be achieved by close observation after operation and management of complications as soon as possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China. daboliu@126.com
authors.forename: Da-bo
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-yao
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jian-wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Zhen-yun
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zong-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy