title: Anaplastic nephroblastomas express transketolase-like enzyme 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transketolase-like enzyme 1 (TKTL1) is a glycolytic enzyme that has been found to be upregulated in several tumours, and it is associated with tumour progression. Nephroblastoma is the commonest paediatric renal malignancy and has a good prognosis except for those with anaplasia. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the expression of TKTL1 in nephroblastomas has not been studied before and the aim of this study was to compare the immunoexpression of TKTL1 in anaplastic and non-anaplastic nephroblastomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients who had nephrectomies for nephroblastomas were studied. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-wax-embedded tissue sections were stained with monoclonal TKTL1 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 15 anaplastic nephroblastomas showed staining in 80-100% of the tumour (p = 0.36). None of the 13 non-anaplastic nephroblastomas showed TKTL1 staining in >80% of the tumour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TKTL1 expression is associated with the presence of anaplasia and may be a mechanism via which anaplastic tumour cells thrive under different conditions. Glycolytic inhibitors may play a role in anaplastic nephroblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Groote-Schuur Hospital /Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. hue-tsi.wu@uct.ac.za
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Govender
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009392:Nephrectomy; D014174:Transketolase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C505431:TKTL1 protein, human; D014174:Transketolase