title: Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort underwent abdominal and chest multidetector computed tomography to quantify volumes of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and VAT. Relations between each fat depot and CVD were assessed using logistic regression. The analysis of 1267 participants (mean age 60 years, 53.8% women, 9.7% with prevalent CVD) demonstrated that pericardial fat [odds ratio (OR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.57; P = 0.002] and VAT (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.57; P = 0.003), but not intrathoracic fat (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.93-1.39; P = 0.22), were significantly associated with prevalent CVD in age-sex-adjusted models and after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. After multivariable adjustment, associations were attenuated (P > 0.14). Only pericardial fat was associated with prevalent myocardial infarction after adjusting for conventional measures of adiposity (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03-1.82; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardial fat and VAT, but not intrathoracic fat, are associated with CVD independent of traditional measures of obesity but not after further adjustment for traditional risk factor. Taken together with our prior work, these findings may support the hypothesis that pericardial fat contributes to coronary atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Charles River Plaza, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Amir A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahabadi
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Guido A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rosito
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed