title: Abnormal foveal morphology in ocular albinism imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the spectrum of foveal architecture in pediatric albinism and to assess the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ocular imaging of children with nystagmus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spectral-domain OCT imaging was performed on study subjects in 3 groups: subjects with ocular albinism (OA) or suspected OA with foveal hypoplasia, with nystagmus, and with or without iris transillumination; a subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome; and control subjects. Dense volumetric scans of each fovea were captured using standard and handheld spectral-domain OCT devices. Images were postprocessed and scored for the presence and configuration of each retinal layer across the fovea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality spectral-domain OCT images obtained from each subject revealed a range of abnormalities in subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: persistence of an abnormal, highly reflective band across the fovea, multiple inner retinal layers normally absent at the center of the fovea, and loss of the normally thickened photoreceptor nuclear layer at the fovea when compared with that in control subjects. The optic nerve was elevated in multiple eyes of subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A spectrum of foveal morphological abnormalities is seen in subjects with OA or suspected OA, which in some cases contrasted with previous studies using time-domain OCT. These OCT findings clarify the morphology of foveal hypoplasia seen clinically. This imaging modality may be useful in evaluating children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farsiu
authors.forename: Sharon F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: Anjum F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Koreishi
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Izatt
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016117:Albinism, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016115:Albinism, Oculocutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D022861:Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*