Nano-emulsions of fluorinated trityl radicals as sensors for EPR oximetry.
This article reports the development and evaluation of two nano-emulsions (F45T-03/HFB and F15T-03/PFOB) containing fluorinated trityl radicals dissolved in perfluorocarbons. Preparation with a high-pressure homogenizer conferred sub-micronic size to both nano-emulsions. In vitro and in vivo EPR spectroscopy showed that the nano-emulsions had much greater oxygen sensitivity than the hydrophilic trityl, CT-03. In vivo experiments in rodents confirmed the ability of the nano-emulsions to follow the changes in oxygen concentration after induced ischemia. Histological evaluation of the tissue injected with the nano-emulsions revealed some acute toxicity for the F45T-03/HFB nano-emulsion but none for the F15T-03/PFOB nano-emulsion. These new formulations should be considered for further EPR oximetry experiments in pathophysiological situations where subtle changes in tissue oxygenation are expected.
Charlier
N
N
Université catholique de Louvain, Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, REMA, Brussels, Belgium.
Driesschaert
B
B
Wauthoz
N
N
Beghein
N
N
Préat
V
V
Amighi
K
K
Marchand-Brynaert
J
J
Gallez
B
B
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014316:Tritium / Q000737:chemistry*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005609:Free Radicals; D014316:Tritium