title: Signal informatics as an advanced integrative concept in the framework of medical informatics. New trends demonstrated by examples derived from neuroscience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective is to show current topics and future trends in the field of medical signal processing which are derived from current research concepts. Signal processing as an integrative concept within the scope of medical informatics is demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  For all examples time-variant multivariate autoregressive models were used. Based on this modeling, the concept of Granger causality in terms of the time-variant Granger causality index and the time-variant partial directed coherence was realized to investigate directed information transfer between different brain regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signal informatics encompasses several diverse domains including: processing steps, methodologies, levels and subject fields, and applications. Five trends can be recognized and in order to illustrate these trends, three analysis strategies derived from current neuroscientific studies are presented. These examples comprise high-dimensional fMRI and EEG data. In the first example, the quantification of time-variant-directed information transfer between activated brain regions on the basis of fast-fMRI data is introduced and discussed. The second example deals with the investigation of differences in word processing between dyslexic and normal reading children. Different dynamic neural networks of the directed information transfer are identified on the basis of event-related potentials. The third example shows time-variant cortical connectivity networks derived from a source model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These examples strongly emphasize the integrative nature of signal informatics, encompassing processing steps, methodologies, levels and subject fields, and applications.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, 07740 Jena, Germany. Herbert.Witte@mti.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ungureanu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ligges
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hemmelmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wüstenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Astolfi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leistritz
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009488:Neurosciences