title: Chiropractic management of fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed nonarticular soft tissue conditions in all fields of musculoskeletal medicine, including chiropractic. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the literature for the most commonly used treatment procedures in chiropractic for FMS and to provide evidence ratings for these procedures. The emphasis of this literature review was on conservative and nonpharmaceutical therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Scientific Commission of the Council on Chiropractic Guidelines and Practice Parameters (CCGPP) was charged with developing literature syntheses, organized by anatomical region, to evaluate and report on the evidence base for chiropractic care. This article is the outcome of this charge. As part of the CCGPP process, preliminary drafts of these articles were posted on the CCGPP Web site www.ccgpp.org (2006-8) to allow for an open process and the broadest possible mechanism for stakeholder input. Online comprehensive literature searches were performed of the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; National Guidelines Clearinghouse; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Manual, Alternative, and Natural Therapy Index System; Index to Chiropractic Literature, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Allied and Complementary Medicine; and PubMed up to June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our search yielded the following results: 8 systematic reviews, 3 meta-analyses, 5 published guidelines, and 1 consensus document. Our direct search of the databases for additional randomized trials did not find any chiropractic randomized clinical trials that were not already included in one or more of the systematic reviews/guidelines. The review of the Manual, Alternative, and Natural Therapy Index System and Index to Chiropractic Literature databases yielded an additional 38 articles regarding various nonpharmacologic therapies such as chiropractic, acupuncture, nutritional/herbal supplements, massage, etc. Review of these articles resulted in the following recommendations regarding nonpharmaceutical treatments of FMS. Strong evidence supports aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy. Moderate evidence supports massage, muscle strength training, acupuncture, and spa therapy (balneotherapy). Limited evidence supports spinal manipulation, movement/body awareness, vitamins, herbs, and dietary modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several nonpharmacologic treatments and manual-type therapies have acceptable evidentiary support in the treatment of FMS.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa, USA. drmike@city-net.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perera
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012196:Review Literature as Topic