title: Lung metastases from colorectal cancer: surgical resection and prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse our experience with excision of lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and to evaluate clinically relevant prognostic factors, identifying the cluster of patients who would benefit from this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one patients, 42 men (69%), with primary CRC who underwent 94 curative resections of pulmonary metastases were retrospectively reviewed. Age was 30-80 years (mean 61.2+/-15). Population was analysed for age, sex, disease-free interval (DFI), prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, location and histology of primary tumour, number of lung lesions (and size of largest resected metastasis), type of lung resection, nodal involvement (hilar/mediastinal), use of adjuvant treatment, morbid-mortality and immediate and follow-up survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean DFI was 29+/-22 months (range 5-132 months). There was no hospital mortality and significant morbidity occurred in five patients (8.2%). Mean follow-up was 39+/-4 months (range 4-173 months). Mean overall survival and disease-free survival were 67+/-16 months and 52+/-6 months, respectively. Three-, 5- and 10-year survival rates from date of primary colorectal resection were 83%, 71% and 43%, respectively. Three-, 5- and 10-year survival rates from date of lung resection were 61%, 48% and 11%, respectively. Five-year survival was 57% in patients with normal prethoracotomy CEA levels and 18% for those with high levels (>5 ng/ml) (p=0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary metastasectomy has potential survival benefit for patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Low morbidity and mortality rates, contrasting with lack of any other effective therapy, justify aggressive surgical management. Single deposits, DFI >36 months and normal prethoracotomy serum CEA were significant independent prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rama
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: João E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eugénio
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis