title: Delayed-onset muscle injury and its modification by wheat gluten hydrolysate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the pattern of delayed-onset muscle injury in well-trained athletes after a competitive half-marathon and the effects of post-race intake of wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty well-trained college runners with a best time of 14-15 min over 5000 m raced in a half-marathon. Thereafter, they were divided into three groups based on finish times and given 0 (control), 10, or 20 g of WGH. Blood biochemical parameters were monitored at -1 d, +1 h, +1 d, and +2 d after the race. Data selected according to finish times and biochemical parameters were then analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma creatine kinase activity peaked at 1 d after the race in the control group and correlated with post-race white blood cell counts. The post-race elevation of creatine kinase activity was dose-dependently suppressed by WGH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed-onset muscle injury peaked in well-trained distance runners at 1 d after a half-marathon and was dose-dependently suppressed by a post-race intake of WGH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan. koikawa@sakura.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Natsue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koikawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ngaoka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawaki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D005983:Glutens; D003402:Creatine Kinase