title: [Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection for pheochromocytoma (experience of 107 cases)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection for pheochromocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 107 cases of pheochromocytoma in PUMCH from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 58 males and 49 females with an age range from 8 to 77 years (mean 44 years) in this cohort. One hundred and two cases were intra-adrenal and 5 extra-adrenal. Of the 102 intra-adrenal tumors, 43 tumors were located in left adrenal, 51 in right adrenal and 8 in both sides. All of the 5 extra-adrenal tumors were at para-abdominal aorta. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection was performed for the 107 cases. This period was separated to 3 stages based on the degrees of the practical ability for retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection, such as tentative and exploratory stage, accumulative stage, and mature stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At tentative and exploratory stage from June 2003 to December 2003, 10 cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery, of which 3 cases were converted to open surgery. The mean diameter was 4.2 cm (range in diameter from 2.5 cm to 6.0 cm). The mean operation time was 105 min (range from 60 min to 230 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 620 ml (range from 150 ml to 1800 ml). At accumulative stage from January 2004 to December 2006, 66 cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery with none converted to open surgery. The mean diameter was 5.7 cm (range in diameter from 2.1 cm to 8.7 cm), and the diameter was above 6.0 cm in 19 cases. The mean operation time was 95 min (range from 40 min to 210 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 350 ml (range from 50 ml to 1800 ml). At mature stage from January 2007 to June 2008, 31 cases, including 5 extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. The mean diameter was 6.5 (range in diameter from 1.5 cm to 12.3 cm). The mean operation time was 75 min (range from 40 min to 160 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 180 ml (range from 50 ml to 800 ml). No peri-operative death occurred. Follow up period was ranging from 1 to 62 months (the mean was 34 months), and 7 failed to be followed up, 3 cases recurred. And there was no distant metastases and death case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma is feasible and safe. This procedure will be more and more performed as the advancement of the skill and accumulation of experience. The dimension, recurrence and location of tumor are not the absolute contraindication of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China. ywgemailbox@sina.com
authors.forename: Han-zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zheng-pei
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yu-guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000601:surgery*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome