title: Hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder after four-part fracture of the humeral head: a long-term analysis of 34 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the treatment outcomes of patients with four-part fracture of the humeral head after primary and secondary hemiarthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective long-term analysis of 46 patients from 1996 to 2002 of patients with 47 four-part fractures of humeral head. Patients with malignant disease were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aequalis (Tornier, Burscheid, Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute and relative constant scores at 5-year follow-up examination without age or sex normalization, radiographic parameters of calcification, dislocation of tuberosities, prosthetic loosening, and dislocation of joint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients treated by primary and 16 patients treated by secondary arthroplasty were assessed clinically and radiologically after a mean follow-up of 64 (60-96) months. The absolute Constant scores at follow-up were 54.9 to 48.5 points, respectively. The relative scores were 61.4% and 57.3%, respectively. Dislocation of tuberosities with severe loss of function was found in five cases treated by primary arthroplasty (13.5%) and in 12 treated by secondary arthroplasty (75.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients in both groups was free of pain or suffered minor pain as determined by the Constant score. Safe fixation of the tuberosities is a prerequisite for functional exercises and is better achieved in primary arthroplasty. A computed tomography scan before operative therapy aids in making the decision between open reduction and internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. lutz.besch@web.de
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Besch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daniels-Wredenhagen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Deike
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Varoga
authors.forename: Ralf-Erik
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seekamp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome