title: Survival among women with triple receptor-negative breast cancer and brain metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and survival following brain metastases among women with triple receptor-negative breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 679 patients with nonmetastatic triple receptor-negative breast cancer diagnosed from 1980 to 2006 were identified. Cumulative incidence of brain metastases was computed. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to explore factors that predict for development of brain metastases. Survival was computed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 26.9 months. In all, 42 (6.2%) patients developed brain metastases with a cumulative incidence at 2 and 5 years of 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8% to 7.9%] and 9.6% (95% CI 6.8% to 13%), respectively. A total of 24 (3.5%) patients developed brain metastases as the first site of recurrence with cumulative incidence at 2 and 5 years of 2.0% (95% CI 2.6% to 6.0%) and 4.9% (95% CI 3.2% to 7.0%), respectively. In the multivariable model, no specific factor was observed to be significantly associated with time to brain metastases. Median survival for all patients who developed brain metastases and those who developed brain metastases as the first site of recurrence was 2.9 months (95% CI 2.0-7.6 months) and 5.8 months (95% CI 1.7-11.0 months), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single-institutional study, patients with nonmetastatic triple receptor-negative breast tumors have a high early incidence of brain metastases associated with poor survival and maybe an ideal cohort to target brain metastases preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. shaheenah@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broglio
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albarracin
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Angulo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone