title: Salvia somalensis essential oil as a potential cosmetic ingredient: solvent-free microwave extraction, hydrodistillation, GC-MS analysis, odour evaluation and in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
abstract: Salvia somalensis Vatke, a wild sage native of Somalia, has been studied with the aim of assessing the potential cosmetic application of its essential oil, recovered from fresh aerial parts by solvent-free microwave extraction - SFME. To evaluate the efficiency and reliability of this eco-friendly procedure, the recovery of the essential oil was also processed by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and the results compared. The essential oils obtained by both SFME and HD were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using apolar and polar capillary columns. The essential oil recovered by SFME was submitted to an odour evaluation that revealed peculiar olfactive characteristics interesting in alcoholic male perfumery and body detergents.In vitro cytotoxicity assays were carried out using NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes as target cells. The oil displayed slight cytotoxic effects, which were three orders of magnitude lower than those found for sodium dodecyl sulphate positive control. The promising results in terms of chemical composition, scent and safety seem to indicate this essential oil as an interesting potential functional ingredient useful in a cosmetic context.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Viale Benedetto XV, Genova, Italy. carlavilla@unige.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trucchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pistelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parodi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruffoni
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D005562:Formazans / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000737:chemistry; D009812:Odorants; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D010938:Plant Oils; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; D009499:Neutral Red