title: Genomic-wide analysis of lymphatic metastasis-associated genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the genes related to lymph node metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 HCC patients with or without lymph node metastasis were investigated by high-throughput microarray comprising 886 genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples of cancerous and non-cancerous paired tissue were taken from 32 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy with lymph node dissection. Total RNA was extracted from the cells obtained by means of laser microdissection (LCM) and was amplified by the T7-based amplification system. Then, the amplified samples were applied in the cDNA microarray comprising of 886 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that 25 up-regulated genes such as cell membrane receptor, intracellular signaling and cell adhesion related genes, and 48 down-regulated genes such as intracellular signaling and cell cycle regulator-related genes, were correlated with lymph node metastasis in HCC. Amongst them were included some interesting genes, such as MET, EPHA2, CCND1, MMP2, MMP13, CASP3, CDH1, and PTPN2. Expression of 16 genes (MET, CCND1, CCND2, VEGF, KRT18, RFC4, BIRC5, CDC6, MMP2, BCL2A1, CDH1, VIM, PDGFRA, PTPN2, SLC25A5 and DSP) were further confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor metastasis is an important biological characteristic, which involves multiple genetic changes and cumulation. This genome-wide information contributes to an improved understanding of molecular alterations during lymph node metastasis in HCC. It may help clinicians to predict metastasis of lymph nodes and assist researchers in identifying novel therapeutic targets for metastatic HCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Chun Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Zhi Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shih Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Weng Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: San Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kuan Rong
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis