title: Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, and relationship between serum HDL and cardiovascular disease in elderly Spanish population: the PREV-ICTUS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and the relationship between HDL-C and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an elderly Mediterranean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of Prevención del Riesgo de Ictus, a population-based study on Spanish subjects aged > or = 60 years. Low HDL-C was defined following the European guidelines for cardiovascular prevention [men: < 40 mg/dl (< 1.0 mmol/l); women: < 46 mg/dl (< 1.2 mmol/l)]. The relationship between low HDL-C or HDL-C concentration (in quintiles) and CVD was assessed through multivariate models that included cardiovascular risk factors, statins and subclinical organ damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On 6010 subjects (71.7 years, 53.5% women), low HDL-C was present in 17.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.5-18.5] and was more frequent in women [20.4% (19.0-21.8) vs. 14.1% (12.8-15.4) in men p < 0.001] and in patients with diabetes, CVD or statin therapy. Low HDL-C was independently associated with CVD [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22-1.74, p < 0.001]. The prevalence of CVD was higher as HDL-C concentration was lower (chi-square trend < 0.001). Compared with the highest quintile [> 65 mg/dl (> 1.67 mmol/l)], adjusted OR for CVD were 1.39 (1.10-1.76), 1.41 (1.11-1.80), 1.49 (1.18-1.89) and 1.91 (1.52-2.39), respectively for those in the fourth [57-65 mg/dl (1.46-1.67 mmol/l)], third [51-56 mg/dl (1.31-1.45 mmol/l)], second [46-50 mg/dl (1.18-1.30 mmol/l)] and first [< 46 mg/dl (< 1.18 mmol/l)] quintiles of HDL-C. This association was seen in males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 17.5% of this Spanish population aged > or = 60 years had low HDL-C. We found a strong, independent and inverse association between HDL-C concentrations and established CVD, even at ranges of HDL-C considered as normal.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme de España, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cea-Calvo
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pérez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Llisterri
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martí-Canales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gil-Guillén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redón
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL