title: Influence of age, gender, and glucose tolerance on fasting and fed acylated ghrelin in Prader Willi syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic syndrome characterized by hyperphagia, morbid obesity, relative hypoinsulinemia and normal insulin sensitivity. PWS presents higher total (TG) and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels. The cause of this increase as well as the modulation of ghrelin secretion in fasting and feeding in relation to other metabolic parameters and glucose tolerance in PWS is largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied TG and AG at fasting in PWS children (14) and adults (18). We also studied TG and AG response to a mixed standardized light breakfast (SLB) in PWS adults without (AD-GT) and with glucose intolerance (AD-GI) at OGTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TG and AG were higher in children than in adults (p<0.05). AG was higher in adult males (p<0.001). Fasting AG and AG/TG ratio were lower in AD-GI than in AD-GT (p<0.05). TG, but not AG, decreased in AD-GT (p<0.006), whereas AG, but not TG, increased in AD-GI (p<0.03) post-SLB. Fasting TG and AG were negatively predicted by fasting insulin (p<0.05). Post-SLB AG was positively predicted by glucose during OGTT (p<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting and post-meal AG levels are influenced by glucose tolerance in PWS, suggesting that AG derangement might have a role in the development of glucose intolerance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medical Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. flavia.prodam@med.unipmn.it
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prodam
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellone
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grugni
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crinò
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ragusa
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franzese
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Battista
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrias
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rapa
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aimaretti
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bona
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin