title: GM-CSF accelerates proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the GM-CSF accelerates the proliferation of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (BM EPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  BM EPCs were induced by endothelial cell conditioned medium (EC-CM). The effect of different concentrations of GM-CSF on the proliferation of BM EPCs was evaluated by the formation of EC-cols, MTT assay, and cell cycle assay. The single progenitor cell growth curves were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data indicated that GM-CSF accelerated the proliferation of BM EPCs both in colony numbers and colony size. MTT confirmed the effect of GM-CSF on accelerating the proliferation of BM EPCs. The single colony experiments showed that EC-cols expressed different proliferation capacity, suggesting that the EC-cols with different proliferation potentials might have been derived from different levels of immature progenitors. The cell cycle assay showed that the rate of cells entering into S phase was 9.3% in the group treated with GM-CSF and 2.1% in the controls. Furthermore, these cells displayed the specific endothelial cell markers and formed capillary-like structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM-CSF accelerates proliferation of BM EPCs. The potential beneficial of GM-CSF in the application of treating vascular ischemic patients is promising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Xiang Ya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. qirwang@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Qi Ru
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen Biao
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Yan Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bao He
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor