title: Effects of changing body position on oxygenation and arterial blood pressures in foals anesthetized with guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of a change in body position on blood gases and arterial blood pressures in foals anesthetized with guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve Quarter Horse foals, age of 5.4 +/-0.9 months and weighing 222 +/- 48 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Foals were anesthetized with guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine for 40 minutes in lateral recumbency and then assigned to a change in lateral recumbency after hoisting (Group 1, n = 6), or no change (Group 2, n = 6). Oxygen 15 L minute(-1) was insufflated into the endotracheal tube throughout anesthesia. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate (f(R)), inspired fraction of oxygen (FIO(2)), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PE'CO(2)) were measured every 5 minutes. Arterial pH and blood gases [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2))] were measured at 10, 30, and 40 minutes after induction, and 5 minutes after hoisting. Alveolar dead space ventilation and PaO(2)/FIO(2) were calculated. Two repeated measures models were used. All hypothesis tests were two-sided and significance level was alpha = 0.05. All values are presented as least square means +/- SE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values at time-matched points from the two groups were not significantly different so they were combined. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen decreased significantly from 149 +/- 14.4 mmHg before hoisting to 92 +/- 11.6 mmHg after hoisting (p = 0.0013). The PaO(2)/FIO(2) ratio decreased from 275 +/- 30 to 175 +/- 24 (p = 0.0055). End-tidal carbon dioxide decreased significantly from 48.7 +/- 1.6 to 44.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg (p = 0.021). Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, blood pressures and heart rates measured 5 minutes after hoisting were not different from measurements obtained before hoisting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hoisting decreased PaO(2) in anesthetized healthy foals. Administration of supplemental oxygen is recommended to counter the decrease in oxygenation and PaO(2) measurement is necessary to detect early changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-5023, USA. cbraun@uga.edu
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: Randy B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Eggleston
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014991:Xylazine; D006140:Guaifenesin; D007649:Ketamine; D010100:Oxygen