title: Symptoms and strategies in heart failure self-management in Turkey [corrected].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with heart failure can live longer and achieve a better quality of life by learning about the symptoms and management of the disease and about associated changes required in the lifestyle and by controlling symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the symptoms experienced by patients with heart failure and to identify the strategies they use in the management of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out with 64 (53.3%) of patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure [functional class (II-III)] who had been admitted to the cardiology polyclinic. The patients had to be literate and conscious, and had to voluntarily accept to participate in the study. Data were gathered by a questionnaire. The patients were interviewed face to face with the researcher in the polyclinic. Data were evaluated by percentage values, averages and chi-square.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms identified in the subjects were fatigue in 67.2%, dyspnoea in 60.9% and palpitation in 59.4% of respondents. A statistically significant difference was noted between men and women in the case of fatigue (P = 0.039), with this symptom having a stronger restricting effect on the daily activities of men compared with women. A significant difference between men and women was also observed for the management of dyspnoea (P = 0.004), preferred approach for avoiding this symptom being resting for men, while using medication and oxygen for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue was found to be the most common symptom experienced by the subjects, followed by dyspnoea, palpitation and oedema, respectively. A significant difference between men and women was noted in approaches for reducing symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Nursing School of Marmara University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey. sidikaoguz@yahoo.com, soguz@marmara.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enç
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology