title: Gene polymorphisms of TNF-alpha-308 (G/A), IL-10(-1082) (G/A), IL-6(-174) (G/C) and IL-1Ra (VNTR) in Egyptian cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune disease in which cytokines play an important role. Objectives. To check for the association of polymorphisms of cytokine genes with type 1 diabetes. Subjects. This work included 50 cases with T1D and 98 healthy individuals from the Nile Delta region of Egypt. Cases included 20 males and 30 females with a median age of 25 and range of 15-50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was amplified using PCR with sequence-specific primers for detection of polymorphisms related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(- 308) (G/A), interleukin (IL)-10(- 1082) (G/A), IL-6(- 174) (G/C), and IL-1Ra (VNTR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases with T1D showed significant higher frequency of genotypes of TNF-alpha(- 308) AA (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 7.91), IL-6-17CC (p < 0.05, OR = 3.36) and IL-1Ra A1A1 (p < 0.05, OR = 3.68) with significant lower frequencies of TNF-alpha(- 308) GA, and IL-1Ra A1A2 genotypes (p < 0.001 and < 0.05, respectively). They also showed significant higher frequency of TNF-alpha(- 308) allele A (p < 0.05, OR = 2.0), IL-1Ra allele A1 (p < 0.05, OR = 2.98) with a significant lower frequency of TNF-alpha(- 308) G allele and IL-1Ra A2 allele (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected among cases in relation to IL-10(- 1082) (G/A) genotypes or alleles nor in relation to age, sex, consanguinity or family history of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms related to TNF-alpha and IL-1Ra genes may be considered genetic markers for T1D among Egyptians with a potential impact on family counseling and management.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. settin@mans.edu.eg
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Settin
authors.forename: Azza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Megahed Abo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Magd
authors.forename: Rizk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Baz
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazamel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10