title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reported a reduction in the levels of angiotensin II in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the mechanism underlying this reduction, we assayed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 concentrations along with angiotensin II concentrations in CSF samples from 20 patients with MS and 17 controls with non-neurological diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE levels were significantly elevated in patients with MS compared with controls (48.42 +/- 4.84 vs 44.71 +/- 3.9 pg/mL), whereas ACE2 levels were significantly reduced (2.56 +/- 0.26 vs 2.78 +/- 0.24 pg/mL), acting toward a normalization of angiotensin II levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results further indicate an alteration of the intrathecal renin-angiotensin system in patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan. mz1965kawajj@khc.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawajiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohyagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2