title: Spectral discrimination of live prostate and bladder cancer cell lines using Raman optical tweezers.
abstract: An investigation into the use of Raman optical tweezers to study urological cell lines is reported, with the ultimate aim of determining the presence of malignant CaP cells in urine and peripheral fluids. To this end, we trapped and analyzed live CaP cells (PC-3) and bladder cells (MGH-U1), because both prostate and bladder cells are likely to be present in urine. The laser excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm was used, with Raman light collected both in back- and forward-scattering geometric configurations. For the backscattering configuration the same laser was used for trapping and excitation, while for forward scattering a 1064 nm laser provided the trapping beam. Analysis of cell-diameter distributions for cells analyzed suggested normal distribution of cell sizes, indicating an unbiased cell-selection criterion. Principal components analysis afforded discrimination of MGH-U1 and PC-3 spectra collected in either configuration, demonstrating that it is possible to trap, analyze, and differentiate PC-3 from MGH-U1 cells using a 514.5 nm laser. By loading plot analysis, possible biomolecules responsible for discrimination in both configurations were determined. Finally, the effect of cell size on discrimination was investigated, with results indicating that separation is based predominantly on cell type rather than cell size.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Elsa Correia
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazi
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Noel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Snook
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*