title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of noninvasive thymomas using one-lung ventilation in two dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the technique and outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for resection of cranial mediastinal thymoma in 2 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven-year-old Labrador Retrievers (n=2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dogs had VATS resection of thymoma. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans revealed well-circumscribed cranial mediastinal masses with dimensions of 4.5 cm x 4.2 cm x 3.7 cm and 2.1 cm x 2.1 cm x 4.1 cm (at the time of resection) without CT evidence of vascular invasion. One-lung ventilation (OLV) was achieved using a bronchoscopically placed double-lumen endobronchial tube. A 3-portal technique was used for VATS access to the thorax. Thymomas were dissected from the tissues of the cranial mediastinum with the aid of a harmonic scalpel and retrieved in specimen retrieval bags.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cranial mediastinal thymomas were resected successfully, with their capsules intact, using a VATS technique. One dog developed aspiration pneumonia postoperatively which resolved with treatment and remains healthy 18 months postoperatively with no radiographic evidence of tumor recurrence. The second dog was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, megaesophagus, and aspiration pneumonia preoperatively and despite recovering well from the procedure had a second episode of aspiration pneumonia 5 days postoperatively and was euthanatized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VATS resection of modestly sized noninvasive thymoma is possible in dogs. Careful case selection and preoperative imaging are the keys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoscopic resection of modestly sized mediastinal masses forms part of an increasingly expansive set of indications for minimally invasive surgery in select veterinary patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. pmayhew@vet.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Friedberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome