title: Acute heart failure syndromes in patients with coronary artery disease early assessment and treatment.
abstract: Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) have emerged as a leading public health problem worldwide, accounting for a substantial number of hospitalizations and a high utilization of resources. Although in-hospital mortality rates are relatively low, patients with AHFS have very high early after-discharge mortality and rehospitalization rates. The majority of patients admitted with AHFS have coronary artery disease (CAD), which independently has an adverse impact on prognosis. The initial in-hospital and after-discharge management of AHFS may be dependent on clinical presentation: AHFS in patients with underlying CAD or acute coronary syndromes (ACS) complicated by heart failure. In addition, the extent and severity of CAD and the presence of ischemia and/or stunned/hibernating myocardium should be assessed for optimal management. Although the overall management of AHFS with CAD may be similar to that in patients with ACS complicated by heart failure, for which specific guidelines exist, management of the former is less well defined. Prospective studies of the assessment and treatment of CAD in patients with AHFS are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filippatos
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Marvin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Mandeep R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gheorghiade
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013577:Syndrome