title: Digital rewarming patterns after median and ulnar nerve injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic cold intolerance (CI) is a frequent and important sequel after peripheral nerve injury. In this study, it is hypothesized that altered rewarming patterns after peripheral nerve injury are related to the degree of posttraumatic CI. This hypothesis is tested by quantitatively comparing rewarming patterns of the digits in controls and in median or ulnar nerve injury patients and by investigating relationships between rewarming patterns, sensory recovery, and CI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve median or ulnar nerve injury patients with a follow-up of 4 to 76 months after nerve repair and 13 control subjects had isolated cold stress testing of the hands. Video thermography was used to analyze and compare rewarming patterns of the injured and uninjured digits after cold stress testing. Temperature curves were analyzed by calculating the Q value as an indicator of heat transfer (temperature added during the first 10 minutes after start of active rewarming) and the maximum slope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability was 0.64 and 0.79, respectively, for the Q value and maximum slope. High Q values and maximum slopes were interpreted as the presence of active rewarming. Patients with return of active rewarming had better sensory recovery and lower Blond McIndoe Cold Intolerance Severity Scale (CISS) scores. Better sensory recovery was correlated with lower CISS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Test-retest reliability of cold stress testing was good, and we found a difference in rewarming patterns between nerve injury patients and controls. The presence of active rewarming in the nerve injury patients was related to sensory recovery and fewer complaints of posttraumatic CI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. AleidRuijs@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A C J
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ruijs
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Niehof
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Selles
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jaquet
authors.forename: H A M
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Daanen
authors.forename: S E R
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hovius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D012677:Sensation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013817:Thermography; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult