title: Pregnancy outcomes by pregnancy intention in a managed care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Published studies show poor pregnancy outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies are disproportionately higher than in planned pregnancies and place a burden on the health care system. This study was designed to compare pregnancy intention rates, compare sociodemographic characteristics of women by pregnancy intention and compare pregnancy outcomes in a managed care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large managed health care organization in California conducted a retrospective medical record review of 1,784 women seeking prenatal care in 2002 to learn how women self-reported their pregnancy intention, compare pregnancy intention rates between this health plan to the national data, and to compare antecedents and pregnancy outcomes based on pregnancy intention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 62.1% of pregnancies were self-reported as intended with 26.4% mistimed and 11.4% unwanted. Being young, single, having lower educational attainment, having other living children, consuming alcohol and being a woman of color were the greatest predictors of having an unintended pregnancy. Despite these predictors, birth outcomes for unintended pregnancies in this setting showed no statistical difference from planned pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of pregnancy intention of the women who are at greatest risk may be an important contributor to improving birth outcomes and health plan decisions about reproductive care services. Early entry to prenatal care and integrated services that decrease substance abuse and support high-risk pregnancy management are important contributors to reducing poor pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. debbie.a.postlethwaite@kp.org
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Postlethwaite
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Yun-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult