title: Heterotopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: 12 cases report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, predisposing factors, early diagnosis and treatment options of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review study was performed to identify the HP cases after IVF-ET at the Reproductive Centre in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital in China between the years of 2002-2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve out of 1,476 pregnancies (0.81%) were diagnosed for HP, of which nine patients elected for exploratory salpingectomy, two patients received selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration under ultrasound guidance, and one patient opted for expectant treatment. Postoperatively, four intrauterine pregnancies were continued to develop until term while two were delivered at 35 weeks of gestation. The achievement ratio of continuous pregnancy was 66.7% (6/9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of HP is increasing due to the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology. An early transvaginal sonography performed by experienced radiologist/radiographer is considered to be essential and beneficial in establishing early diagnosis of HP. Both salpingectomy and selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration can be administered as one of the effective therapies for HP with the optimal outcome of intrauterine pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, GuangDong, People's Republic of China. luoxiping07@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chi Eung Danforn
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Cuiyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wu Shun Felix
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Nga Chong Lisa
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007813:Laparotomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography