title: Candida tumulicola sp. nov. and Candida takamatsuzukensis sp. nov., novel yeast species assignable to the Candida membranifaciens clade, isolated from the stone chamber of the Takamatsu-zuka tumulus.
abstract: During a survey of the mycobiota in the stone chamber of the Takamatsu-zuka tumulus in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan, we isolated 19 yeast strains assigned to the genus Candida from various samples, taken mainly from mouldy spots where the colour of the murals had changed to black, white or another tone, and from viscous gels (biofilms) on plaster walls. The 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence-based phylogeny clearly indicates two groups of isolates. Polyphasic characterization, including morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain and ITS regions suggest that each group is assignable to one of two novel species within the Candida membranifaciens clade. Proposed herein are the names Candida tumulicola sp. nov. (originally T6517-9-5T; holotype JCM 15403T; isotypes CBS 10917T, NBRC 104392T) and Candida takamatsuzukensis sp. nov. (originally T4922-1-1T; holotype JCM 15410T; isotypes CBS 10916T, NBRC 104391T). The 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence divergence indicates that C. tumulicola differs from Candida friedrichii NBRC 10277T, the type strain of the nearest species, in 15 nucleotides (3 %), whereas C. takamatsuzukensis differs from Candida insectorum NBRC 10283T and Pichia mexicana NBRC 10544T, the type strains of the nearest species, in 20 nucleotides (4 %). Both novel species are also clearly distinguishable from the species closest to them by various physiological characteristics.
authors.affiliation: NCIMB Group, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyuna
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kigawa
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Sadatoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Junta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D018441:Biofilms; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D007564:Japan; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010151:Paintings; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S