title: The relationship between migraine and mental disorders in a population-based sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is emerging evidence from clinical and community samples to suggest that migraines are associated with mental disorders. The present study utilized a large population-based sample to investigate the association between physician-diagnosed migraine and mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the German Health Survey conducted between 1997 and 1999 (N=4181, response rate 61.4%, age 18-65 years). Lifetime and 12-month history of migraines were assessed by self-report and by a physician. Past 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, past-year migraine was significantly and positively associated with depression, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, panic disorder, agoraphobia and simple phobia [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) ranging from 1.74 to 3.21]. After additionally adjusting for other mental disorders, any anxiety disorder (AOR=1.82) and any mood disorder (AOR=1.61) remained significantly associated with past-year migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although causal inferences cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, the present study adds to a growing body of literature that suggests a strong association between migraines and mood and anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3N4.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.forename: Murray W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Enns
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: Shay-Lee
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Belik
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sareen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D055815:Young Adult