title: Role of NO in the control of choroidal blood flow during a decrease in ocular perfusion pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was conducted to investigate whether the L-arginine/nitric oxide system plays a role in choroidal blood flow (ChBF) regulation during a decrease in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed on 3 days in a randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover design. On different study days, subjects received intravenous infusions of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), phenylephrine, or placebo. Intraocular pressure was raised in stepwise increments using the suction cup
  
  
  METHODS
  Choroidal blood flow (ChBF, laser Doppler flowmetry), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and IOP were assessed. Ocular perfusion pressure was calculated as OPP = 23(MAP - IOP). For correlation analysis all OPP/ChBF data pairs from all subjects were pooled independent of time point of measurement. Then, the pooled data were sorted according to OPP, and correlation analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-NMMA and phenylephrine increased resting OPP by +17% +/- 18% and +14% +/- 21%, respectively (P < 0.05). L-NMMA reduced resting ChBF by -21% +/- 17% (P < 0.05). The relative decrease in OPP during suction cup application was comparable with all drugs administered. The decrease in OPP was paralleled by a significant decrease in ChBF (maximum between -39% and -47%), which was less pronounced, however, than the decrease in OPP (maximum between -69% and -74%). Neither placebo nor L-NMMA, nor phenylephrine, influenced the OPP/ChBF relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data confirm previously published observations that the choroid shows some regulatory capacity during reduced OPP. The L-arginine/nitric oxide-system plays a role in the maintenance of basal vascular tone but seems not to be involved in the choroidal vasodilator response when IOP is increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Ophthalmo-Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simader
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lung
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weigert
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolodjaschna
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuchsjäger-Mayrl
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmetterer
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010656:Phenylephrine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II