title: Carnosic acid reduces cytokine-induced adhesion molecules expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium and the attachment of monocytes to endothelium may play a major role in the early atherogenic process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of carnosic acid on the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-1beta-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as on the expression of adhesion molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data showed that pretreatment with 10 and 20 micromol/l carnosic acid significantly reduced the number of U937 cells adhering to IL-1beta-treated HUVECs. In addition, we found that 20 micromol/l carnosic was more effective than 10 micromol/l carnosic acid at inhibiting expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin), the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB subunits p65 and p50, and the production of ROS in IL-1beta-stimulated HUVECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that carnosic acid inhibits IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in HUVECs through a mechanism that involves NFkappaB. We propose that the reduction in binding of human monocytic cell line U937 to IL-1beta-treated HUVECs is due to the anti-inflammatory properties of carnosic acid.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, 396 Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. yuyamei@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ya-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chin-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsu-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hong-Der
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020298:U937 Cells; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C018381:salvin