title: Role of communally nesting ardeid birds in the epidemiology of West Nile virus revisited.
abstract: Although herons and egrets in the family Ardeidae frequently have been associated with viruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex, communal nesting colonies do not appear to be a focus of early season and rapid amplification of West Nile virus (WNV) in California. Evidence for repeated WNV infection was found by testing living and dead nestlings collected under trees with mixed species ardeid colonies nesting above in an oak grove near the University of California arboretum in Davis and in a Eucalyptus grove at a rural farmstead. However, mosquito infection rates at both nesting sites were low and positive pools did not occur earlier than at comparison sites within the City of Davis or at the Yolo Bypass wetlands managed for rice production and waterfowl habitat. Black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) were the most abundant and frequently infected ardeid species, indicating that WNV may be an important cause of mortality among nestlings of this species.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. arbo123@pacbell.net
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Reisen
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: M Veronica
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Armijos
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D009425:Nesting Behavior; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral