title: Long-term incidence of cervical cancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and compare it with the incidence in HIV-uninfected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women who had Papanicolaou tests obtained every 6 months, pathology reports were retrieved for women who had biopsy results or a self-report of ICC. Histology was reviewed when reports confirmed ICC. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with those in HIV-negative women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 3 ICCs were confirmed in HIV-seropositive women, and none were confirmed in HIV-seronegative women. The ICC incidence rate was not found to be associated significantly with HIV status (HIV-negative women [0 of 100,000 person-years] vs HIV-positive women [21.4 of 100,000 person-years]; P = .59). A calculated incidence rate ratio standardized to expected results from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database that was restricted to HIV-infected Women's Interagency HIV Study participants was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-3.85; P = 0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women with HIV in a prospective study that incorporated cervical cancer prevention measures, the incidence of ICC was not significantly higher than that in a comparison group of HIV-negative women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. massadl@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: L Stewart
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Massad
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Seaberg
authors.forename: D Heather
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colie
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Darragh
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hessol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*