title: Progress and prospects: the design and production of plasmid vectors.
abstract: Plasmid DNA (pDNA) expression vectors are fundamental to all forms of non-viral gene transfer. In this review, we discuss principles of pDNA design and production including the impact of bacterially derived sequences on transgene expression and minicircle approaches to minimize their effects. The impact of inclusion of DNA elements such as scaffold matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), transcription factor (TF)-binding sites and tissue-specific promoters are described. The benefits of eliminating CG dinucleotides (CpGs) from the pDNA are also considered.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D015195:Drug Design; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006801:Humans; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics