title: Development of eastern blotting technique for sennoside A and sennoside B using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhubarb, senna and sennoside-containing preparations are currently widely employed as purgatives. The major active components of these medications are sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop an eastern blotting technique for the specific visualisation and easy determination of SA and SB in plant extracts for application in the standardisation and authentication of rhubarb and senna.
  
  
  METHODS
  SA and SB were separated by TLC, transferred to a PVDF membrane, treated with 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride solution and finally treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The resulting membrane-bound SA-BSA and SB-BSA conjugates were linked to anti-SA and anti-SB monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and then to secondary antibodies labelled with peroxidase. SA and SB were detected by visualisation of the peroxidase reaction products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The limit of detection of the eastern blotting was 62.5 ng for both sennosides. The method was applied to the immunohistochemical localisation of SA in fresh rhubarb root. Phloem and radiate wood were found to contain higher concentrations of SA compared with other tissues (pith and bud) in agreement with results obtained by ELISA. The concentrations of SA in the phloem, radiate wood, pith and bud were 64.4, 48.1, 15.0 and 1.8 ng/mg fresh weight, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique described permitted the visualisation of small molecular weight compounds that had been bound to a membrane, using immunostaining. Owing to the specificity of the MAbs, the eastern blotting may prove to be a useful method for the identification of SA and SB in a background containing large amount of impurities.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Morinaga
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Putalun
authors.forename: Sorasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lhieochaiphant
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoyama
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012676:Senna Extract; D000081226:Sennosides
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000081226:Sennosides; D012676:Senna Extract