title: High anoxia tolerance in the subterranean salamander Proteus anguinus without oxidative stress nor activation of antioxidant defenses during reoxygenation.
abstract: The present study describes a high anoxia tolerance in an amphibian at high temperature. Indeed, the subterranean salamander Proteus anguinus survived 12 h under anoxia at 12 degrees C. Surprisingly, such experimental conditions did not affect P. anguinus oxidative status while muscles and liver antioxidant enzymes activities decreased under 8 h anoxia and only return to basal level during reoxygenation. To test if such adaptation is common in Urodels, equivalent experimentations have been conducted on another newt: the stream-dwelling Calotriton asper. This latter species exhibited only 1.5 h survival under anoxia in spite of higher antioxidant enzymes activities than P. anguinus. Furthermore, aerobic recovery after 1 h anoxia induced a 30% increase of oxidative damage partly explained by SOD and CAT activities that did not return to control values during reoxygenation, demonstrating a lower capacity to counteract ROS overproduction than P. anguinus. In addition, uncoupling protein (UCP) transcript was for the first time detected, partly sequenced and quantified in amphibian muscles and liver. UCP may be considered as a ROS production attenuator by mediating a discharge of the proton gradient generated by the respiratory chain. The putative role of UCP in post-anoxic oxidative status of both species is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, USR 2936, Saint-Girons, France. julienissartel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Issartel
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hervant
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Fraipont
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clobert
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Voituron
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012455:Salamandridae / Q000502:physiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase