title: Top-down directed attention to stimulus features and attentional allocation to bottom-up deviations.
abstract: One highly controversial issue with respect to visual selective attention concerns the degree to which the top-down attentional mechanism modulates attentional allocation to bottom-up deviation. We investigated whether top-down directed attention to a stimulus feature modulates attentional allocation to task-irrelevant, bottom-up deviation. The P3 event-related potential was measured as an electrophysiological marker of attentional allocation. Target and non-target objects were serially presented in random order. Bottom-up deviations occurred as a change in task-irrelevant features of target or non-target objects, or as the appearance of task-irrelevant distractor objects around target or non-target objects. When task-irrelevant features were changed, the P3 deviant effect was greater in target than in non-target trials. In contrast, when distractor objects appeared, the P3 deviant effect was smaller in target than in non-target trials. These findings suggest that top-down directed attention to a stimulus feature modulates attentional allocation to bottom-up deviation such that attentional allocation is enhanced when bottom-up deviation and an attended feature share the same object but is inhibited when bottom-up deviation occurs outside an object with an attended feature. Thus, the top-down attentional mechanism has a strong influence even for deviant processing and provides a competitive advantage for objects with an attended feature.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan. sawaki@edu.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sawaki
authors.forename: Jun'ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult