Current HIV therapeutics: mechanistic and chemical determinants of toxicity.
This review discusses current recommendations for initial therapy in HIV-infected individuals and the toxicity of certain components of these therapeutic regimens. In developed regions, therapy is headed in a direction of individualized treatment where AIDS can be converted into a treatable, chronic disease that is characterized by viral loads below assay detection levels. In developing nations, where sophisticated diagnostics are less applicable, treatment continues on a population basis. Because nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors remain a cornerstone of current recommended regimens both in developed and developing regions, the mechanistic and chemical determinants of mitochondrial toxicity are highlighted and discussed in detail.
Chiao
Stephanie K
SK
University of California at Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, Morgan Hall, CA 94720-3104, USA.
Romero
Donna L
DL
Johnson
Dale E
DE
D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors