title: Long-term desmopressin response in primary nocturnal enuresis: open-label, multinational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a distressing condition, particularly in severe cases (> or = 3 wet nights/week). A prevalent pathophysiological mechanism, especially in monosymptomatic PNE (PMNE), is commonly believed to be an insufficient increase in night-time release of antidiuretic hormone. Desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone, has been shown to reduce the number of wet nights experienced by PMNE patients in several controlled trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate desmopressin treatment in the real-life clinical setting and was a large-scale, 6-month investigation of efficacy and safety in patients with severe PNE. Predictive factors for desmopressin response were also evaluated. A total of 744 children aged 5 years and above from four countries were involved in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients had a median of 6 wet nights/week; at 6 months, 41% of patients had experienced > or = 50% reduction in the mean number of wet nights. Long-term desmopressin treatment was consistently well-tolerated across all ages, with 5% of patients experiencing any treatment-related adverse events. The strength of treatment response was associated with nocturnal diuresis (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.0167) in logistic regression analyses. Compliance and dosage were also associated with response and more patients experienced > or = 50% reduction in wet nights after 6 months' treatment than earlier in the study, suggesting the value of persistent treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that long-term desmopressin treatment in the clinical setting is effective and well-tolerated in PNE patients of 5 years and upwards. Early improvements in bedwetting of any appreciable magnitude may be rewarding, may facilitate compliance and enable good long-term response.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Viscerale Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. henrilottmann@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lottmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baydala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Norgaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin