title: Substance use and HIV-risk behaviors among young men involved in the criminal justice system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between substance use and sexual HIV-risk behaviors among young men who have been incarcerated, in order to understand how HIV risks develop for this vulnerable population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 552 young men in a New York City jail was interviewed at the time of incarceration. Bivariate analyses were performed to examine demographic and sexual HIV-risk behavior differences between men with and without recent alcohol and marijuana use. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between alcohol and marijuana use and sexual HIV-risk behaviors in the 90 days prior to incarceration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents were predominantly Black (57%) or Latino (37%), with a mean age of 17.4 years. The most common substances used were marijuana (82%) and alcohol (65%). Alcohol use prior to incarceration was significantly associated with having three or more sexual partners in the same time period (OR = 2.40, p < .001), as well as with having unprotected sex with a long-term partner (OR = 1.72, p < .01). Marijuana use was significantly associated with having multiple sex partners (OR = 1.55, p < .01). Heavy alcohol and marijuana use did not result in an increased likelihood of sexual HIV-risk behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of substance use and unprotected sex may have unintended health consequences for incarcerated young men. Severity of substance use is not a significant predictor of risk behaviors, suggesting the importance of contextual and social factors. Results highlight the need for HIV prevention efforts for this population that take into account contextual and social factors.
authors.affiliation: HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York State Pschiatry Institute, New York, New York, USA. pv2155@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epperson
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freudenberg
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011330:Prisons; D011634:Public Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D044469:Racial Groups; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult