title: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only approved treatment for AIS, is received by less than 2% of patients. Moreover, there is a slight increase in hemorrhagic complications with thrombolysis. Therefore, there is a need for newer therapeutic modalities in AIS, which could be used in window periods beyond 3-6 h after stroke onset with fewer hemorrhagic complications. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI), after their initial success in patients with acute coronary syndromes, promised much in patients with AIS over the past decade or so. However, their exact role in patients with AIS, including the window periods and type of strokes, and the risk of symptomatic or asymptomatic hemorrhage are unclear at the moment. The current review focuses on the literature concerning the use of GPI in AIS and looks at the available evidence regarding their use. Abciximab thought to be safe and effective in initial case series and early trials, has not been shown to improve outcomes in AIS, and is associated with higher rates of hemorrhage. Tirofiban appears to be safe and effective in initial trials and there is a need to conduct further trials to establish its role in AIS.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India. drsudhirkumar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajshekher
authors.forename: Subhashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex