title: [Application of key frameworks to an indicator-based evaluation of environmental health in Latin America and the Caribbean].
abstract: The establishment of environmental health indicators for assessing the adverse effects of environmental changes on the population's health and quality of life is, as yet, a goal that has not been fully reached in Latin America and the Caribbean. As such, the United Nations Environment Program and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) have convened Region's institutions and experts to develop a comprehensive method for assessing environmental health. This paper evaluates several methodologies, comprehensive or otherwise, for assessing health and the environment, and describes the frameworks that have historically undergirded the key methods that have either structured or generated the environmental health indicators being used in Latin America and the Caribbean. The recurring, methodological limitations were identified: (a) relying heavily on secondary data, which points out the need for technological infrastructure that is rarely available in Latin America and the Caribbean today; and (b) a lack of clear criteria for developing inclusive tools that would facilitate the discussion of environmental health issues at the grass-roots level. Despite the progress made by the field of environmental health with regard to understanding its interdisciplinary complexities, intersectoral operations must be improved to favor open communication and implementation of integrated policies on environmental and health.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Oswaldo Cruz, Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. gabrielschutz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hacon
authors.forename: Hilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana Rosa Moreno
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Kakuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagatani
mesh_terms: D017691:Caribbean Region; D017753:Ecosystem; D004782:Environmental Health / Q000592:standards*; D019550:Environmental Medicine / Q000592:standards; D006291:Health Policy; D007843:Latin America; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010175:Pan American Health Organization; D011634:Public Health; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014944:World Health Organization