title: Gas chromatographic analysis of dimethyltryptamine and beta-carboline alkaloids in ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ayahuasca is obtained by infusing the pounded stems of Banisteriopsis caapi in combination with the leaves of Psychotria viridis. P. viridis is rich in the psychedelic indole N,N-dimethyltryptamine, whereas B. caapi contains substantial amounts of beta-carboline alkaloids, mainly harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine, which are monoamine-oxidase inhibitors. Because of differences in composition in ayahuasca preparations, a method to measure their main active constituents is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of dimethyltryptamine and the main beta-carbolines found in ayahuasca preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The alkaloids were extracted by means of solid phase extraction (C(18)) and detected by gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorous detector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.02 mg/mL for all analytes. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 0.02-4.0 mg/mL (r(2 )> 0.99). The method was also precise (RSD < 10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple gas chromatographic method to determine the main alkaloids found in ayahuasca was developed and validated. The method can be useful to estimate administered doses in animals and humans for further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of ayahuasca.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 B13B, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Salum
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Carolina Dizioli Rodrigues
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.forename: Sidnei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Felipe Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Dörr
authors.forename: Wagner Abreu E
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonamine
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D031581:Banisteriopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002243:Carbolines; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine