title: The relative efficacy of two levels of a primary care intervention for family members affected by the addiction problem of a close relative: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized trial to compare two levels of an intervention (full versus brief) for use by primary health-care professionals with family members affected by the problematic drug or alcohol use of a close relative.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cluster randomized comparative trial of the two interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 136 primary care practices in two study areas within the West Midlands and the South West regions of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 143 family members affected by the alcohol or drug problem of a relative were recruited into the study by primary health-care professionals. All recruited family members were seen on at least one occasion by the professional delivering the intervention and 129 (90 %) were followed-up at 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two validated and standardized self-completion questionnaires measuring physical and psychological symptoms of stress (Symptom Rating Test) and behavioural coping (Coping Questionnaire) experienced by the family members. It was predicted that the full intervention would show increased reduction in both symptoms and coping when compared to the brief intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary analysis adjusted for clustering, baseline symptoms and stratifying variables (location and professional group) showed that there were no significant differences between the two trial arms. The symptom score at follow-up was 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.65, +4.06] higher in the full intervention arm than in the brief intervention arm, and the coping score at follow-up was 0.12 (95% CI: -5.12, +5.36) higher in the full intervention arm than in the brief intervention arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A well-constructed self-help manual delivered by a primary care professional may be as effective for family members as several face-to-face sessions with the professional.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham and Substance Misuse Services, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust, Birmingham, UK. a.g.copello@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copello
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orford
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velleman
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godfrey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005196:Family Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome