T helper 1 to T helper 2 shift in cytokine expression: an autoregulatory process in superantigen-associated psoriasis progression?
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by increased activation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and systemic and local overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha, indicating that immunopathogenesis of the disease is T helper 1 (Th1) mediated. Several studies suggest a pivotal role of bacterial superantigens in the initiation and/or exacerbation of this illness. This study was conducted to assess the systemic Th1/Th2 imbalance in Indian psoriasis patients presenting with variable duration of disease by studying systemic superantigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytokine expression. PBMCs were isolated and stimulated in vitro with superantigens (streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B), and the cytokines released (IFN-gamma for a Th1 response, and IL-4 and IL-10 for a Th2 response) were assayed. In contrast to controls, psoriasis patients in the early course of disease were characterized by significantly increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma, whilst a shift towards IL-10 secretion (Th2 response) was observed in those presenting with increased duration of disease. These observations suggest a possible shift from a Th1 to a Th2 cytokine response with superantigen-associated progression for the duration of psoriasis, perhaps as an adaptive process by the immune system in an attempt to downregulate abnormal inflammatory Th1 immune responses.
Jain
Sarika
S
Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
Kaur
Iqbal R
IR
Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
Das
Shukla
S
Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
Bhattacharya
S N
SN
Department of Dermatology and Venereal Disease, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
Singh
Anjani
A
Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D016207:Cytokines; D018089:Superantigens