title: Secondary antireflux surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the introduction of laparoscopy, the number of antireflux surgeries (ARS), and consequently failed fundoplications, had increased. We report the mechanisms of fundoplication failure after ARS, and present our experience in surgical correction of failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty nine patients who had failed fundoplication were reoperated. Pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients included symptom severity score, endoscopy, barium study, esophageal motility and pH metry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial procedures were Nissen in 16, Toupet in 10, and Nissen-Rossetti in 3 patients. The causes of failure were transdiaphragmatic migration of fundoplication (n=7), disrupted fundoplication (n=7), tight fundoplication (n=4), slipped fundoplication (n=3), paraesophageal herniation (n=3), tight crural repair (n=3), and migration with disruption (n=2). The secondary ARS performed were Nissen (n=16), Toupet (n=9), paraesophageal hernia repair with crural repair (n=2), widening of crural repair (n=1), and taking down fundoplication (n=1). Per- (n=4) and postoperative (n=5) complications were minor with no mortality. At Follow-up, symptoms were significantly improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperations for failed ARS may be performed safely with excellent results. Proper patient selection and paying attention to some technical details at initial ARS could safe the patient another surgery.
authors.affiliation: Mansoura Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. ahmedraoaf@mans.edu.eg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Raouf El-Geidie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gadel-Hak
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fathi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000009:adverse effects; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult