title: The antinociceptive effects of midazolam on three different types of nociception in mice.
abstract: Antinociceptive effects of systemically administered midazolam remain controversial. The present study was performed to investigate its antinociceptive effects on different types of nociception in mice. Four different doses of midazolam (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Saline was used as a control. The hot plate test, tail pressure test, acetic acid writhing test, the running wheel test, and the balance beam test were performed following the drug administration. In the hot plate test and tail pressure test, i.p. midazolam produced significant antinociceptive effects with the 50% effective dose (ED(50)) of 3.46 mg/kg [confidence interval (CI), 1.99 - 6.01 mg/kg] and 3.52 mg/kg (CI, 2.77 - 4.47 mg/kg), respectively. In the acetic acid writhing test, i.p. midazolam also produced significant antinociceptive effects. In the running wheel test, no mice stopped running after saline or midazolam at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, but all mice stopped running 30 and 45 min after i.p. administration of midazolam at 30 mg/kg. In the balance beam test, 30 min after i.p. administration of saline or midazolam at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, all mice were able to stay on the beam for 90 s, none of them could with midazolam at 30 mg/kg. In conclusion, systemically administered midazolam had antinociceptive effects on acute thermal, acute mechanical, and acute inflammatory-induced nociception in mice. The antinociceptive potency of midazolam was the same for both acute thermal-induced nociception and mechanical-induced nociception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. chiba@bb.e-mansion.com
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019342:Acetic Acid; D008874:Midazolam