title: Directly observed treatment is associated with reduced default among foreign tuberculosis patients in Thailand.
abstract: METHODS
  Thailand's Tuberculosis (TB) Active Surveillance Network in four provinces in Thailand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As treatment default is common in mobile and foreign populations, we evaluated risk factors for default among non-Thai TB patients in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study using TB program data. Analysis was restricted to patients with an outcome categorized as cured, completed, failure or default. We used multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with default, including propensity score analysis, to adjust for factors associated with receiving directly observed treatment (DOT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During October 2004-September 2006, we recorded data for 14359 TB patients, of whom 995 (7%) were non-Thais. Of the 791 patients analyzed, 313 (40%) defaulted. In multivariate analysis, age>or=45 years (RR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25-1.74), mobility (RR 2.36, 95%CI 1.77-3.14) and lack of DOT (RR 2.29, 95%CI 1.45-3.61) were found to be significantly associated with default among non-Thais. When controlling for propensity to be assigned DOT, the risk of default remained increased in those not assigned DOT (RR 1.99, 95%CI 1.03-3.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-Thai TB patients, DOT was the only modifiable factor associated with default. Using DOT may help improve TB treatment outcomes in non-Thai TB patients.
authors.affiliation: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bkapella@cdc.gov
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kapella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anuwatnonthakate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komsakorn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moolphate
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charusuntonsri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limsomboon
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wattanaamornkiat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nateniyom
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents