title: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) inactivation leads to defects in islet cell lineage allocation and beta-cell proliferation during embryogenesis.
abstract: The factors necessary for normal pancreatic islet morphogenesis have not been well characterized. Here we report that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the establishment of normal islet endocrine cell ratio and architecture. CTGF is a secreted protein known to modulate several growth factor-signaling pathways including TGF-beta, BMP, and Wnt. Although its role in pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are well documented, a role for CTGF in normal pancreas development and function has heretofore not been examined. Using a lacZ-tagged CTGF allele, we describe for the first time the expression pattern of CTGF in the developing pancreas and the requirement of CTGF for normal islet morphogenesis and embryonic beta-cell proliferation. CTGF is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal epithelium and vascular endothelium, as well as at lower levels in developing insulin(+) cells, but becomes down-regulated in beta-cells soon after birth. Pancreata from CTGF null embryos have an increase in glucagon(+) cells with a concomitant decrease in insulin(+) cells, and show defects in islet morphogenesis. Loss of CTGF also results in a dramatic decrease in beta-cell proliferation at late gestation. Unlike CTGF null embryos, CTGF heterozygotes survive past birth and exhibit a range of islet phenotypes, including an intermingling of islet cell types, increased number of glucagon(+) cells, and beta-cell hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7425C MRBIV, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0475, USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guney
authors.forename: Young Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: R Andrea
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Deyoung
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brigstock
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Economides
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gannon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic
chemical_list: C526318:CCN2 protein, mouse; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D005934:Glucagon