title: Self-rated health does not explain the socioeconomic differential in mortality: a prospective study in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is a strong social gradient in SRH. An investigation was carried to determine whether SRH can explain the well-known socioeconomic gradient in mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of adjusting for SRH on the socioeconomic differential in mortality was examined in a prospective study of 20 754 men and women aged 39-79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, UK, recruited using general practice age-sex registers for 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a socioeconomic differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared with class I (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.57; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRH does not substantially explain the socioeconomic differential in mortality beyond that explained by health-related covariates.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK. ecm33@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kinmonth
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004522:Educational Status; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class