title: Posterior cortex epilepsy: diagnostic considerations and surgical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of various pre-surgical evaluations in posterior cortex epilepsy (PCE) and its surgical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 43 PCE patients referred for surgery was performed. The diagnosis was established by standard pre-surgical evaluation modalities including semiology, MRI, interictal and ictal scalp video-EEG as well as additional intracranial EEG monitoring in selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 43 patients included 11 parietal lobe epilepsies, 13 occipital lobe epilepsies, and 19 patients with seizures originating from parieto-occipito-posterior temporal cortex. Thirty-three (76.7%) patients experienced at least one type of aura. Seventeen patients showed complex focal seizures, which were followed by secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in seven of them; eighteen patients predominantly showed simple motor seizures (clonic seizures in 6, tonic seizures in 7, and versive seizures in 5). Long-term visual field deficits were observed in 8 patients. Other transient neurological deficits occurred in 7 patients. All patients received the follow-up study lasting 1-5 years, and achieved Engel's I in 26 cases, II in 5, III in 5, and IV-V in 7. Malformation of cortical development was diagnosed in 41.9% of our surgical population. No significant relationship was found between the diagnostic accuracy of any pre-surgical evaluating modality and surgical outcome in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment is effective for PCE. Accurate localization of epileptogenic zone and eloquent cortex are two key factors for favorable outcome. None of the diagnostic modalities shows obvious predictive value for favorable surgical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult