title: Functional outcome after surgical reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency in patients under 50 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Procedures utilized to address the flatfoot in this study included medializing calcaneal osteotomy, posterior tibial tendon reconstruction with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, and in patients with more severe deformity, lateral column lengthening. We evaluated patients age 50 and less at the time of surgery, who underwent surgical reconstruction for Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Pre- and postoperative activity levels were evaluated to assess the effect of surgical reconstruction in the younger patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four feet in 30 patients (11 male, 19 female) with an average age of 41.2 (range, 17 to 50) years had surgery between 1997 and 2004. All feet were examined at an average followup of 44.5 (range, 24 to 65) months and were evaluated with the American-Orthopaedic-Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hindfoot-Score and SF-36 score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average preoperative AOFAS-Score was 53.1 +/- 14.5 points and 83.2 +/- 12.2 points at final postoperative followup. The mean improvement was 29.5. The difference between the preoperative and postoperative AOFAS score was significant (p < 0.0001) using a two-tailed t-test. The difference in the AOFAS pain and alignment subscales was also significant (p < 0.0001). The function subscale improvement was also significant (p = 0.018). The mean physical function component of the postoperative SF-36 score was 79.2. A correlation was found between the SF-36 physical component score and the post operative AOFAS score (r(2) = 0.754).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While some lateral discomfort or pain occurred in patients with or without a lateral column lengthening, the posterior tibial tendon reconstruction utilizing medial calcaneal displacement osteotomy with flexor digitorum longus transfer and a lateral column lengthening with more deformity was successful in the higher-functioning, younger patients.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, Foot and Ankle, New York, NY 10021, USA. ntellisi@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Nazzar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tellisi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Jonathan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Deland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000601:surgery; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy; D037081:Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult