title: Delivering culturally sensitive health messages: the process of adapting brochures for grandparents raising grandchildren in Hawai'i.
abstract: The efficacy of programs to reduce health disparities depends on their ability to deliver messages in a culturally sensitive manner. This article describes the process of designing a series of brochures for grandparents raising grandchildren. National source material on topics important to grandparents (self-care, service use, addiction, and grandchildren's difficult behaviors) was put into draft brochures and pilot tested in two focus groups drawn from Native Hawaiian Asian and Pacific Islander populations. Elements of surface and deep levels directed the form and content of the final brochures. On a surface level, these brochures reflect local culture through pictures and language. On a deep level, which integrates cultural beliefs and practices, they reflect the importance of indirect communication and harmonious relationships. The final brochures have been received favorably in the community. The process of adapting educational material with attention to surface and deep levels can serve as a guide for other health promotion materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa in Honolulu, Hawai'i.
authors.forename: Loriena A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yancura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006254:Hawaii; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D010174:Pamphlets; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires