title: The effect of volatile anaesthetics on the relative sensitivity of facial and distal thoracic limb muscles to vecuronium in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare n. facialis-m. nasolabialis (nF-mNL) and n. ulnar-mm. carpi flexorii (nU-mCF) sensitivity to vecuronium during halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four client-owned dogs (19 male, 25 female) undergoing surgery; mean age: 5.0 years; mean body mass: 24.7 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty minutes after acepromazine (0.05 mg kg(-1)) and morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)), anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) thiopental and maintained with either halothane (n = 22) or isoflurane (randomly allocated) in oxygen. The lungs were mechanically ventilated and end-tidal inhaled anaesthetic (FE'(IAA)) maintained at 1.2 x MAC values. Neuromuscular transmission at nF-uNL and nU-mCF was monitored using the train of four count. Vecuronium (50 microg kg(-1) IV) was injected (t = 0) after 15 trains, 50-60 minutes after inhalational anaesthesia began, when FE'(IAA) had been constant for >15 minutes. Times of the disappearance (-) and reappearance (+) of the fourth (T4) and first twitch (T1) were recorded allowing the calculation of: latent (t = 0 to T4-) and manifest onset times (t = 0 to T1-) duration of blockade (T1- to T1+) and drug effect (T4- to T4+) and recovery time (T1+-T4+). Student's paired t-test was used to compare simultaneous responses at nF-uNL and nU-mCF. An unpaired t-test was used to compare anaesthetic effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latent and manifest onset times were significantly (p < 0.05) briefer, blockade and drug effects were significantly longer and recovery from blockade were significantly slower in the nF-mNL unit in both halothane and isoflurane recipients. Profound block duration and drug action were significantly longer and recovery from blockade were significantly slower in halothane recipients at both nerve-muscle units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nF-mNL was more sensitive than nU-mCF to vecuronium, particularly in halothane-anaesthetized dogs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Western Azerbaijan, Iran. e.clutton@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei
authors.forename: R Eddie
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clutton
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane