title: Is exercise an acceptable and practical therapy for people with or cured of cancer? A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic exercise, although potentially beneficial, does not appear acceptable to many cancer patients. A greater understanding of the reasons for this is required. We have systematically reviewed the use of exercise in this group, identifying rates of uptake, adherence and completion along with factors influencing acceptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches were completed using relevant key words. Data on study design, patient group, exercise intervention, patient flow data and reasons for declining or withdrawing from a programme were independently extracted by two researchers. Rates of study uptake, completion and adherence were compared according to dichotomised patient or programme characteristics using Mann Whitney U test (p=0.05). Reasons provided when declining or withdrawing from a study were categorised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty five studies were included. The majority contained groups made up entirely or predominantly of patients with breast cancer offered an aerobic or resistance exercise programme. The median [IQR] rates of uptake, adherence and completion were 63 [33-80]%, 84 [72-93]% and 87 [80-96]%, respectively. No characteristic influenced the proportion of patients taking up or completing a programme. The main reasons for refusal were disinterest or the impracticality of undertaking the programme and for withdrawal, medical complication or deterioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The invitation to undertake a programme of therapeutic exercise is accepted by about two-thirds of patients. Rates of adherence and completion are relatively high, but overall, only about half of patients offered a programme complete one. There is a need to modify exercise programmes if they are to be acceptable for the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Hayward House Macmillan Specialist Palliative Care Cancer Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom. matthew.maddocks@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maddocks
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mockett
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilcock
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods