title: The cerebral cavernous malformation signaling pathway promotes vascular integrity via Rho GTPases.
abstract: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common vascular dysplasia that affects both systemic and central nervous system blood vessels. Loss of function mutations in the CCM2 gene cause CCM. Here we show that targeted disruption of Ccm2 in mice results in failed lumen formation and early embryonic death through an endothelial cell autonomous mechanism. We show that CCM2 regulates endothelial cytoskeletal architecture, cell-to-cell interactions and lumen formation. Heterozygosity at Ccm2, a genotype equivalent to that in human CCM, results in impaired endothelial barrier function. On the basis of our biochemical studies indicating that loss of CCM2 results in activation of RHOA GTPase, we rescued the cellular phenotype and barrier function in heterozygous mice with simvastatin, a drug known to inhibit Rho GTPases. These data offer the prospect for pharmacological treatment of a human vascular dysplasia with a widely available and safe drug.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Room 4A100, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. kevin.whitehead@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Aubrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Sutip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navankasattusas
authors.forename: Wonshill
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Nyall R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Anne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Stavros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Drakos
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Weiquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Dean Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C502544:CCM2 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins