title: Endoscopy findings in HIV-infected children from sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The causes of persistent gastro-intestinal symptoms in HIV-infected children from sub-Saharan Africa remain poorly documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings of all HIV-infected children who underwent upper GI endoscopy at Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, from February 2003 to October 2005 were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six HIV-infected children underwent endoscopy; median age 1 year (range: 0.17-10.9 years). The majority had advanced HIV disease; 18 (69%) were WHO Stage 4; median CD4 10.7% (range: 1-39.8%). Presenting symptoms included persistent vomiting (18), dysphagia (4) and GIT bleed (6). Observational and histological findings showed poor correlation. Pathogens were identified in 10 children: cytomegalovirus infection in seven (two with cryptosporidium co-infection), Candida in two, Helicobacter pylori in one. Age and CD4 count were not associated with the pathogens. Endoscopy findings influenced clinical management in 21 (81%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper-GI endoscopy identified a diverse spectrum of disease and provided information that would be clinically relevant to most HIV-infected children with upper gastro-intestinal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. lcooke@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology