title: Osteoporosis case manager for patients with hip fractures: results of a cost-effectiveness analysis conducted alongside a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a randomized trial of patients with hip fractures, we previously demonstrated that a hospital-based case manager could increase rates of appropriate osteoporosis treatment to 51% compared with 22% for usual care (P < .001). Alongside that trial, we conducted an economic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with hip fractures were randomized to usual care (n = 110) or a case manager (n = 110) and followed up for 1 year. Time-motion studies were used to determine intervention costs. From a third-party health care payer perspective and over the patient's remaining lifetime, a Markov decision-analytic model was constructed to determine cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with usual care. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3% and expressed in 2006 Canadian dollars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention cost CaD $56 per patient. Compared with usual care, the intervention strategy was dominant: for every 100 patients case managed, 6 fractures (4 hip fractures) were prevented, 4 quality-adjusted life-years were gained, and CaD $260 000 was saved by the health care system. Irrespective of the number of patients case managed, the intervention reached a break-even threshold within 2 years. The intervention dominated usual care over the entire spectrum of 1-way sensitivity analyses and was cost-saving in 82% of probabilistic model simulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with usual care, we found that using a case manager for patients with hip fractures increased rates of appropriate osteoporosis treatment. The intervention dominated usual care, and the analysis suggests that systems implementing an intervention similar to ours should expect to see a reduction in fractures, gains in life expectancy, and substantial cost savings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00175175.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. me2.majumdar@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Sumit R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lier
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beaupre
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Walter P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Maksymowych
authors.forename: Angela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Juby
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Morrish
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D019090:Case Management / Q000191:economics*; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011336:Probability; D011788:Quality of Life; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates