title: Mechanistic analysis of resistance to REIC/Dkk-3-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
abstract: We have recently shown that a new therapeutic modality using the REIC/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC) is effective against various human cancers, including those of prostate, testis and breast origins. The aim of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of bladder cancers to Ad-REIC and to clarify the molecular mechanisms that determine sensitivity/resistance. We found that 2 human bladder cancer cell lines, T24 and J82, are resistant to Ad-REIC. In T24 and J82 cells, the ER stress response and activation of JNK were observed in a manner similar to that in the sensitive PC3 cells. Translocation of Bax to mitochondria occurred in PC3 cells but not in T24 and J82 cells. Bcl-2 was remarkably overexpressed in T24 and J82 compared with the expression levels in sensitive cell lines. Treatment of T24 and J82 cells with a Bcl-2 inhibitor sensitized the cells to Ad-REIC-induced apoptosis. The results indicate that some human bladder cancers are resistant to apoptosis induced by overexpression of REIC/Dkk-3, which is at least in part due to up-regulation of Bcl-2. These results provide a basis for possible use of Bcl-2 as a marker of sensitive cancers and to try to sensitize resistant cancers to Ad-REIC by down-regulation of Bcl-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masakiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abarzua
authors.forename: Mikiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaishi
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saika
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
authors.forename: Nam-ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018925:Chemokines; C498624:DKK3 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2