Dietary sodium intake and arterial blood pressure.
We sought to summarize major recent studies in the field of dietary sodium intake and arterial blood pressure, and discuss the following trials. INTERSALT: Sodium intake correlates with the rise in blood pressure with age, but not with the prevalence of hypertension. The population study identified a minimal impact of sodium intake on blood pressure (0.9 mm Hg/10 mmol difference in salt intake). DASH: This diet induced significant reductions in blood pressure compared with the control diet. Further decreases were observed with DASH and a 50 mmol/day sodium intake. VANGUARD: Blood pressure was inversely related to urinary potassium, calcium and magnesium but not to sodium excretion. TONE: Cardiovascular events were highest in the usual care group (83%) and lowest in the sodium reduction-plus-weight loss group (56%). META-ANALYSIS: A systematic review of 11 long-term controlled randomized trials reported a small decrease (1.1 mm Hg) in median systolic but not diastolic blood pressure with a reduced dietary sodium intake. In conclusion, (1) sodium restriction in hypertensive patients reduces blood pressure, and (2) the long-term impact of reduced salt intake on blood pressure, mortality, and morbidity remains to be defined.
Dumler
Francis
F
Division of Nephrology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48009, USA. fdumler@beaumont.edu
D000375:Aging; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003971:Diastole; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013599:Systole; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium