title: Y-chromosome variability in four Native American populations from Panama.
abstract: The allele and haplotype frequencies for 13 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) [nine STR loci of the minimal Y-chromosome haplotype (DYS19 - DYS385a - DYS385b - DYS389I - DYS389II - DYS390 - DYS391- DYS392 - DYS393) plus four additional loci (DYS388, DYS426, DYS439, DXYS156)] were determined in 99 males from 4 Panamanian native American populations, including the Chibcha-speaking Ngöbé and Kuna and the Chocó-speaking Emberá and Wounan. Fifty haplotypes were identified, of which 48 (96%) were specific to a single population and 29 (63%) were found in only a single individual. Gene diversity per locus per population ranged from 0 to 0.814, with the highest gene diversity present at the DYS389II locus in the Emberá. The haplotypic discrimination capacity was low, ranging from 42.3% in the Kuna to 63.1% in the Wounan. The four tribes showed a high degree of differentiation both at the Y chromosome and in the mitochondrial genome, highlighting the importance of genetic structure even in geographically proximate and linguistically related populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Marina S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ascunce
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Oliver
authors.forename: Connie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulligan
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D051456:Gene Flow / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010176:Panama; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014481:United States