title: Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR gene and obesity in patients using antipsychotic medication.
abstract: Weight gain is one of the most serious adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors influence the risk of an individual to gain weight. The objective of our study was to determine whether the LEPR Q223R polymorphism and the LEP promoter 2548G/A polymorphism are associated with obesity in a group of male and female patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs. A cross-sectional study design was used. The study population consisted of 200 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, all of whom had been using an atypical antipsychotic for at least 3 months. The primary outcome measure was the presence of obesity. Determinants were the LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) polymorphism and the LEP promoter 2548G/A single nucleotide polymorphism ([SNP] rs7799039). Of the 200 included patients, 61 (31%) were obese. In females, the LEPR 223QR (adjusted odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.54) and LEPR 223RR (adjusted odds ratio, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.63) genotypes were associated with a lower risk of obesity. In males, this association was not found. In females, the average body weight was 13.6 kg more (95% CI, 1.11-26.1) in the LEPR 223QQ group compared with the LEPR 223RR group. No significant association was found between the LEP promoter 2548G/A polymorphism and obesity. Taken together, the results of our study show that the LEPR Q223R polymorphism may be associated with obesity in women with a psychotic disorder treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs and stress the importance of stratification for gender when investigating the role of variations of the LEP- and LEPR genes on the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medications.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Hospital Meerkanten, Ermelot, the Netherlands. jgregoor@meerkanten.nl
authors.forename: Jochem G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gregoor
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Weide
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Harold J G M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Megen
authors.forename: Antoine C G
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.forename: Eibert R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heerdink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin