title: Effect of ethanol application on post-luting to intraradicular dentine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of the application of an ethanol rinse before luting fibre posts to intraradicular dentine with etch-and-rinse adhesive systems by means of push-out bond strength evaluation and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibre posts were luted to single-canal premolars using Dual Link as a luting agent in combination with a three-step (All Bond 2) or a two-step (One Step Plus) etch-and-rinse adhesive system, which were applied as per manufacturers' instructions (control) or with the additional rinse of ethanol on acid-etched dentine prior to the bonding procedures (experimental). Bonded specimens were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slabs and subjected to push-out bond strength testing. In addition, specimens from each group were processed for SEM analysis. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's post hoc test at P = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Push-out bond strength of All Bond 2 was significantly increased if the adhesive was applied on ethanol-saturated dentine (P < 0.05), whilst no significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected amongst experimental and control groups for One Step Plus. Irrespective of the adhesive, the SEM analysis revealed good impregnation patterns when both bonding techniques were employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the additional ethanol rinse on acid-etched dentine revealed higher bond strength of All Bond 2 when compared with the control application procedure, used in combination with a resin-based cement to lute fibre posts into the dowel space. However, no bond strength improvements were detected using One Step Plus. Further investigations are needed to develop a clinically applicable ethanol/bonding/luting technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goracci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C095997:DCR cement; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D012997:Solvents; C100742:All-Bond 2; D000431:Ethanol