title: Profile of bleeding and ischaemic complications with bivalirudin and unfractionated heparin after percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify a subset of patients at high risk of bleeding or myocardial infarction from a percutaneous coronary intervention and to investigate whether such high-risk subsets derive preferential benefit from heparin or bivalirudin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 4570 patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment trial and randomized to receive bivalirudin or heparin. Primary outcomes were in-hospital incidence of major bleeding and 30-day incidence of myocardial infarction. Major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and bleeding plus myocardial infarction occurred in 140, 204, and 34 patients, respectively. Older age, female sex, lower body weight, low cholesterol, multi-lesion intervention, complex lesions, and heparin therapy were independent correlates of increased risk of bleeding. Multi-lesion intervention, unstable angina, and lower body weight correlated independently with increased risks of myocardial infarction. Compared with heparin, bivalirudin was associated with a reduction in major bleeding (3.1 vs. 4.6%, P = 0.008), but mostly in low-risk patients. A reduction in the bleeding risk inversely correlated with an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction with bivalirudin (R = -0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bivalirudin and unfractionated heparin have a differential effect on risk of bleeding and myocardial infarction across various subsets of patients.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Raisuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Gjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.forename: Julinda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehilli
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Franz-Josef
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richardt
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006629:Hirudins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin