title: [p53, p16 E COX-2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and histopathological association].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The esophageal carcinoma represents about 2% of malignant tumors and is the third most common cause of gastrointestinal cancer. The correlation between immunohistochemistry markers, such as p53, p16 and COX-2 proteins and cancer esophageal prognosis has been suggested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To Investigate whether the expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 proteins are associated to tumor staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose we proceeded immunohistochemistry assays and TMN in 31 esophageal tumor and normal tissue samples. The p53 nuclear expression was considered positive when it appears in 10.00% or more cells. COX-2 expression was scored according to intensity in three scores (1+, 2+, 3+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the tumor samples the results presented 48.38% positivity for p53, 16.12% for p16 and 100% with 1+, 2+ or 3+ scores for COX-2. However, when we investigated whether the expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 proteins are related to tumor staging, only COX-2 expression, score 3+, had shown statistical significant association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, in the present study we could see positive correlation between COX-2 protein and high grade tumor as well as advanced tumor staging in esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS.
authors.forename: Izabella Paz Danezi
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Felin
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grivicich
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Felin
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regner
authors.forename: Adriana Brondani da
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2