title: Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Humans are continuously exposed to an extremely low frequency (ELF) of electromagnetic fields (EMF), transmitted from the common sources like power stations, electric transmission lines, communication and radio-television signal transmission units. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 5.068 kV/m and 10.182 kV/m electric fields, which refer to the lower and upper intensity limits beyond which hazardous effects can be observed, on the auditory functions of rabbits via transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 20 healthy adult female New Zealand White rabbits randomly divided into two groups and applied either 5.068 kV/m (Group 1) or 10.182 kV/m (Group 2) of electric field for 3h/day for 14 days. TEOAE responses were recorded on day 0 before the exposure (0-BE) and on the 6th (6th-AE) and 14th (14th-AE) days after the exposure (AE). Emission amplitudes at 1.0-4.0 kHz were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Groups 1 and 2, the amplitudes separately recorded on the 6th-AE day were not different from the amplitudes recorded on day 0-BE. On the 6th-AE day, the only significant difference was detected in the right ear recordings of Group 1 at the frequency of 1.5 kHz (p=0.007). In Group 1, at 1.5 kHz, the median 6th day AE value (3.8 dB SPL) for the right ear was significantly lower than the median BE value. No significant difference in terms of amplitudes was detected in the comparison of 14th day AE with day 0-BE recordings. In the comparison of the groups for the recordings obtained at all the time points, no statistically significant differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the TEOAE decrease at 1.5 kHz of the right ears of Group 1 on the 6th day AE was transient; and on the 14th day AE, no significant decrease was determined in the TEOAEs of both groups. Our results showed that the ELF EMFs have no significant effects on the hearing sensation of rabbits, the cochlear functions of whose were evaluated using TEOAE recordings.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gürer G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.forename: Bilgehan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.forename: Göknur Güler
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.forename: Alpaslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apan
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011817:Rabbits