title: Nuclear translocation of endonuclease G in degenerating neurons after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.
abstract: Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a mitochondrial enzyme, known to be involved in caspase-independent cell death following translocation to the cellular nucleus. Nuclear translocation of EndoG has been observed in the ischemic area following transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice, but not after permanent MCA occlusion. In this study we investigated the cellular and temporal expression of EndoG in infarcted cortex during the first 24 h after permanent MCA occlusion in mice, using immunohistochemistry, quantitative rt-PCR and cell specific immunoflourescence markers. EndoG translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as early as 4 h and with a significant increase in the number of EndoG positive nuclei at 12 and 24 h after MCA occlusion. Nuclear translocation of EndoG was observed in degenerating NeuN positive neurons that were evenly distributed throughout the developing infarct. Translocation of EndoG was supported by unaltered EndoG mRNA levels. EndoG was neither expressed in GFAP positive astrocytes nor in CD11b positive microglia/macrophages. In contrast, CD11b positive microglia, but not infiltrating CD11b positive bone marrow-derived macrophages, were shown to express activated caspase-3. The translocation of EndoG to the nucleus of neurons in the infarct implicates EndoG in ischemic neuronal degeneration after permanent MCA occlusion in mice. Increased knowledge about EndoG involvement in ischemic neuronal cell death in mice might offer a promise to control processes involved in neuronal cell death pathways in stroke.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 21, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. m_nieslen@yahoo.dk
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lambertsen
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meldgaard
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Diemer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Finsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002678:Chimera; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492380:NeuN protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C052391:endonuclease G; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3