The Windkessel model revisited: a qualitative analysis of the circulatory system.
In this paper, we derive a comprehensive computational model to estimate the arterial pressure and the cardiac output of humans, by refining and adapting the well-established equations of the Windkessel theory. The model inputs are based on patient specific factors such as age, sex, smoking and fitness habits as well as the use of specific drugs. The model's outputs correlate very strongly with physiological observations, with a low error of approximately 5% for the arterial pressure.
Tsanas
Athanasios
A
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Brownlow Hill, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK. tsanasthanasis@gmail.com
Goulermas
John Y
JY
Vartela
Vassiliki
V
Tsiapras
Dimitrios
D
Theodorakis
Georgios
G
Fisher
Antony C
AC
Sfirakis
Petros
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010809:Physical Fitness; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations