title: Thyroid examination in highly radiation-exposed workers after the Chernobyl accident.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident that happened on the morning of 26th April 1986 had a major impact on thyroid health in the Belarus region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Observational study of a cohort of 99 adults, most strongly exposed to ionizing radioactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study performed between 1998 and 2000. The cohort comprised 99 workers (92 male) of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Examination including physical examination, ultrasonography of the thyroid gland and measurement of serum free thyroxin (fT(4)), free triiodothyronine (fT(3)) and TSH. Anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of exposure to high-dose radiation, including radioactive iodine, on the thyroid gland was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of fT(4) in all probands were within the normal World Health Organization-defined range. Elevated levels of fT(3) were found in two workers (2%), high titres of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies were present in four subjects (4%). Mild hypothyroidism was present in one patient. Enlargement of the thyroid gland was observed in 17 workers (17%). There was no evidence of clinically overt thyroid cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chernobyl accident showed surprisingly little impact on the thyroid in a cohort of workers strongly exposed to radiation. Our data suggest an age-dependent heterogeneity in response to the short-lived radioiodine isotopes and favours long-term follow-up analysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. bernhard.boehm@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Bernhard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinert
authors.forename: Johannes W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Ralf U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belyi
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wagemaker
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosinger
authors.forename: Theodor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fliedner
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001610:Beta Particles; D047852:Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D007455:Iodine