title: Medication adherence levels and differential use of mental-health services in the treatment of schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence to antipsychotics for schizophrenia is associated with favorable clinical outcomes. This study compared annual mental-health service utilization by recent medication adherence levels for patients treated for schizophrenia, and assessed whether adherence levels change from pre- to post-psychiatric hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a large prospective, non-interventional study of patients treated for schizophrenia in the United States, conducted between 7/1997 and 9/2003. Detailed mental-health resource utilization was systematically abstracted from medical records and augmented with patients' self report. Medication possession ratio (MPR) with any antipsychotic in the 6 months prior to enrollment was used to categorize patients as: adherent (MPR >or= 80%, N = 1758), partially adherent (MPR >or= 60% < 80%, N = 36), or non-adherent (MPR < 60%, N = 216). Group comparisons employed propensity score-adjusted bootstrap re-sampling methods with 1000 iterations, adjusting for baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics identified a priori.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherent patients had a lower rate of psychiatric hospitalization compared with partially adherent and non-adherent patients (p < 0.001) and were more likely than non-adherent to engage in group therapy, individual therapy, and medication management. Most patients (92.0%) who were adherent in the 6 months prior to hospital admission continued to be adherent 6 months following hospitalization. However, 75.0% of previously partially adherent became adherent, and 38.7% of previously non-adherent became adherent following hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence is associated with lower utilization of acute care services and greater engagement in outpatient mental-health treatment. Adherence is a potentially dynamic phenomenon, which may improve, at least temporarily, following patients' psychiatric hospitalizations.
authors.affiliation: US Outcomes Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. haya@lilly.com
authors.forename: Haya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ascher-Svanum
authors.forename: Baojin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Faries
authors.forename: Nicolas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Furiak
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Montgomery