title: Variability in the behavior of kids born of primiparous goats during the first hour after parturition: effect of the type of parturition, sex, duration of birth, and maternal behavior.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the type of birth, the sex of the kids, the duration of the birth (categorized as short, medium, or long), and the level of maternal care (categorized as low, medium, or high) on the behavioral variables of kids during the first hour after birth. The parturitions of 78 primiparous goats of Murciano-Granadina breed (46 single-birth and 32 twin-birth) along with the behavior of the kids (44 males and 66 females) during the first hour of life were studied. Birth weight and duration of parturition were greater in single-birth kids (2.94 kg and 60.5 min, respectively) than in twin-birth kids (2.27 kg and 43.2 min, respectively). Birth weight and duration of parturition was greater in males (2.74 kg and 54.61 min) than in females (2.43 kg and 47.70 min). All the kids attempted to stand during the first hour of life, but only 83% attempted to suckle with 65% succeeding. Single-birth kids attempted to stand earlier than twin-birth kids (7.05 vs. 9.08 min), although they achieved this later (16.87 vs. 13.21 min). Compared with twin-birth kids, single-birth kids attempted to suckle later (22.45 vs. 34.76 min, respectively) and achieved it later (25.69 vs. 37.32 min). In the single-birth kids the duration of the first suckling was shorter (16.11 vs. 22.26 s), although total suckling time was greater (5.86 min) than in the twin-birth kids. Males tried to stand sooner than females (7.41 vs. 8.78 min), but took longer (16.12 vs. 13.81 min). The sex factor had no significant effect on suckling-related variables. Compared with medium- and long-duration-birth kids, short-duration-birth kids attempted to suckle earlier, (29.34, 34.23, and 12.82 min, respectively), achieved suckling earlier (31.75, 37.00, and 16.70 min, respectively), and suckled longer at first attempt (0.32, 0.17, and 0.45 min, respectively). Total suckling time was longer in long-duration-birth kids than in medium- and short-duration birth (9.07, 2.63, and 3.86 min, respectively). These results suggest that heavier kids suffer more during birth and are slower to achieve suckling; however, they appear to recover quickly because the total suckling time observed during the first hour was greater.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hevia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology*; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors