title: An assessment of erythroid response to epoetin alpha as a single agent versus in combination with granulocyte- or granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndromes using a meta-analysis approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epoetin alpha (EPO) continues to be the initial treatment of choice for most anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Over the years, different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to optimize the clinical benefits of EPO in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current meta-analysis of published literature, erythroid response (ER) rates with EPO as a single agent versus its combination with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assessment indicated that the ER rates were comparable between the 2 EPO-based therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, EPO monotherapy at a higher dose of 60,000 to 80,000 U weekly produced significantly higher ER rates (64.5%) compared with the standard oncology dose of 30,000 to 40,000 U weekly either as a single agent (49%; P < .001) or in combination with G-CSF/GM-CSF (50.6% P = .007). In addition, when transfusion-dependent patients were assessed separately, both EPO monotherapy and its combination with G-CSF/GM-CSF produced comparable and appreciable levels of transfusion independence (28.8% and 24.8%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current meta-analysis, higher doses of EPO demonstrated better ER rates compared with EPO at standard doses alone or in combination with G-CSF/GM-CSF. Furthermore, the authors concluded that prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the use of higher doses of EPO in anemic patients with MDS.
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Centocor OrthoBiotech Services, LLC, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA. suneelmundle@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Suneel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mundle
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vekeman
authors.forename: Mei Scheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moyo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor