title: Cholera in Ethiopia in the 1990 s: epidemiologic patterns, clonal analysis, and antimicrobial resistance.
abstract: In 1993, after 6 years of absence, cholera re-emerged in the Horn of Africa. Following its introduction to Djibouti, the disease spread to the central and southern areas of Ethiopia reaching Somalia in 1994. Cholera outbreaks persisted in Ethiopia with a recrudescence of cases in 1998. Twenty-two Vibrio cholerae O1 strains, selected to represent the 1998 history of cholera in Ethiopia, were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, BglI ribotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility. All isolates showed a unique amplified DNA pattern and a prevalent ribotype B8a. All strains were multidrug-resistant and harboured an IncC plasmid which conferred resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. These findings indicate that a group of closely related V. cholerae O1 strains was responsible for the cholera epidemic in Ethiopia in 1998.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scrascia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maimone
authors.forename: Kadigia A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mohamud
authors.forename: Imran A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Patrick A D
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grimont
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pazzani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D021521:Ribotyping; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents