title: Quantification of phase I/II metabolizing enzyme gene expression and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adduct levels in human prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of migrant populations suggest that dietary and/or environmental factors play a crucial role in the etiology of prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). The human prostate consists of the peripheral zone (PZ), transition zone (TZ), and central zone (CZ); CaP occurs most often in the PZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the notion that an underlying differential expression of phase I/II genes, and/or the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts might explain the elevated PZ susceptibility, we examined prostate tissues (matched tissue sets consisting of PZ and TZ) from men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy for CaP (n = 26) or cystoprostatectomy (n = 1). Quantitative gene expression analysis was employed for cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP1A2, as well as N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CYP1B1, NAT1, and COMT were expressed in all tissue sets; levels of CYP1B1 and NAT1 were consistently higher in the PZ compared to TZ. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of CYP1B1 (nuclear-associated and primarily in basal epithelial cells) and NAT1. Normal tissue from 23 of these aforementioned 27 matched tissue sets was analyzed for PAH-DNA adduct levels using antiserum elicited against DNA modified with r7,t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene (BPDE). PAH-DNA adduct levels were highest in glandular epithelial cells, but a comparison of PZ and TZ showed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although expression of activating and/or detoxifying enzymes may be higher in the PZ, PAH-DNA adduct levels appear to be similar in both zones. Therefore, factors other than PAH-DNA adducts may be responsible for promotion of tumor formation in the human prostate.
authors.affiliation: Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kaarthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Narasimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ragavan
authors.forename: M Margaret
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Paras B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Buheissi
authors.forename: Shyam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Matanhelia
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Miriam C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Francis L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C095911:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA adduct; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C089384:N-acetyltransferase 1