title: Fish cardiovascular physiology and disease.
abstract: Fish patients with cardiovascular disorders present a challenge in terms of diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic options. Veterinarians can approach these cases in fish using methods similar to those employed for other companion animals. Clinicians who evaluate and treat fish in private, aquarium, zoologic, or aquaculture settings need to rely on sound clinical judgment after thorough historical and physical evaluation. Pharmacokinetic data and treatments specific to cardiovascular disease in fish are limited; thus, drug types and dosages used in fish are largely empiric. Fish cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, diagnostic evaluation, monitoring, common diseases, cardiac pathologic conditions, formulary options, and comprehensive references are presented with the goal of providing fish veterinarians with clinically relevant tools.
authors.affiliation: Companion Avian and Exotic Animal Service, Department of Aquatic Animal Health, University of California, Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, CA 95616-8747, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherrill
authors.forename: E Scott
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Divers
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013045:Species Specificity