title: Selective rejection of porcine islet xenografts by macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous study has shown that porcine antigen-primed and CD4+ T cell-activated macrophages are capable of recognition and rejection of porcine xenografts after adoptive transfer. However, whether this is an absolute xenograft specific rejection remains to be confirmed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse islet allografts and neonatal porcine islet cell cluster (NICC) xenografts were admixed and transplanted under the left kidney capsule, and NICC xenografts alone were transplanted under the right kidney capsule of strepotozotocin-induced diabetic NOD-SCID mice. After achievement of normoglycemia, the NOD-SCID recipients were transferred with macrophages purified from NICC transplant NOD-SCID mice reconstituted with CD4+ T cells. Five weeks after macrophage transfer the left kidney with the admixed grafts were removed. Graft survival and function following macrophage transfer was assessed by blood glucose measurement and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adoptive transfer with activated macrophages did not affect the normalized blood glucose levels in NOD-SCID recipients of admixed grafts until left nephrectomy 5 weeks post-macrophage transfer. Insulin-positive and porcine C-peptide-negative mouse islets were detected in the admixed grafts. The surviving mouse islets in the admixed grafts were surrounded but not infiltrated by macrophages. The nephrectomized recipients demonstrated sustained hyperglycemia and completely destroyed NICC xenografts in their remaining right kidneys 8 weeks after macrophage transfer. Taken together, these data provide direct evidence of porcine islet xenograft specific rejection by activated macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Center for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Yiling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shounan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: Wayne J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hucker
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose