title: Identification of prognostic factors for chronicity in patients with low back pain: a review of screening instruments.
abstract: Low back pain (LBP) is currently the most prevalent and costly musculoskeletal problem in modern societies. Screening instruments for the identification of prognostic factors in LBP may help to identify patients with an unfavourable outcome. In this systematic review screening instruments published between 1970 and 2007 were identified by a literature search. Nine different instruments were analysed and their different items grouped into ten structures. Finally, the predictive effectiveness of these structures was examined for the dependent variables including "work status", "functional limitation", and "pain". The strongest predictors for "work status" were psychosocial and occupational structures, whereas for "functional limitation" and "pain" psychological structures were dominating. Psychological and occupational factors show a high reliability for the prognosis of patients with LBP. Screening instruments for the identification of prognostic factors in patients with LBP should include these factors as a minimum core set.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Private Bag 1921, Dunedin, New Zealand. markus.melloh@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melloh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elfering
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egli Presland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolli Salathé
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tamcan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Theis
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation