title: Cross-sectional survey of hearing impairment and ear disease in Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and causes of disabling hearing loss in adults and children in Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of ear disease and hearing impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random cluster sample design of the population from the Masindi district of Uganda following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, using a modified version of the WHO Ear Disease Survey Protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of disabling hearing impairment using the WHO definitions (excluding 0.5 kHz owing to high background noise levels).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study, 6041 participants were enrolled and underwent audiometric evaluation and an ear examination. The prevalence of disabling hearing impairment was 11.7% in adults and 10.2% in children. A further 2.3% of children in whom thresholds could not be measured were deemed to have significant hearing loss based on screening questions and/or sound-field stimuli. Correctable causes such as dry perforations, cerumen impaction, and chronic suppurative otitis media resulted in disabling hearing loss in 17% of adult subjects and 41% of children. Preventable hearing loss, such as meningitis and noise-induced hearing loss, was present in a further significant percentage of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ear disease and hearing impairment were found to be important health problems in the Ugandan population. Preventable ear disease is a major cause of hearing loss in the population. It is hoped that the findings of this study will draw attention to the problem in Uganda and will lead to proper allocation of resources for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss and ear disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Westerberg
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Luswa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lukwago
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaramba
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bubikere
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult