title: Impact of diabetes mellitus on survival in South East Asian patients with congestive heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus on survival in South East Asian patients with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  1668 consecutive patients with chronic heart failure (age 65+/-13 years, ejection fraction 28+/-12%, 67% male) were followed up for 36+/-12 months. 837 patients (50.2%) were diabetic and 1076 patients (65%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome measures were heart failure readmission and the composite end-point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 223 (13.4%) deaths and 112 (7%) heart failure readmissions. Ischemic cardiomyopathy, renal failure, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and hyperlipidemia were more prevalent in diabetics (all p<0.01). All-cause mortality (17.3% vs 9.4%), heart failure readmission (8.1% vs 5.3%) and the composite end-point (21.9% vs 12.6%) occurred more frequently in diabetics (all p<0.05). Diabetes was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (OR=1.70, p=0.01), as were ischemic cardiomyopathy (OR=1.85, p=0.01), hypertension (OR=1.78, p=0.01), GFR (OR=0.98, p<0.01), and beta-blocker use (OR=0.55, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of advances in heart failure treatment, the presence of diabetes mellitus significantly worsens survival in South East Asian patients with congestive heart failure.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Siew-Pang
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kheng-Thye
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*