title: Effects of raloxifene on cerebral vasospasm after experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a SERM, RLX, to prevent vasospasm in a rabbit model of SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into 3 groups randomly. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna. The treatment groups were as follows: (1) sham operated (no SAH [n = 12]), (2) SAH only (n = 12), and (3) SAH plus RLX (n = 10). Basilar artery lumen areas and arterial wall thickness were measured to assess vasospams in all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference between the mean basilar artery cross-sectional areas and the mean arterial wall thickness measurements of the control and SAH-only groups (P < .05). The difference between the mean basilar artery cross-sectional areas and the mean arterial wall thickness measurements in the RLX-treated group was statistically significant (P < .05). The difference between the SAH group and the SAH + RLX group was also statistically significant (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that RLX has marked vasodilatatory effect in an experimental model of SAH in rabbits. This observation may have clinical implications suggesting that this SERM drug could be used as possible anti-vasospastic agent in patients without major adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Dişkapi Educational and Research Hospital, 2nd Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gürses
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seçkin
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simşek
authors.forename: O Oytun
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Senel
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yigitkanli
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beşalti
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belen
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bavbek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D006152:Cyclic GMP