Cancer, chitosan nanoparticles and catalytic nucleic acids.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to examine gene therapy involving DNAzyme and siRNA encapsulation into chitosan nanoparticles, discussing the current and future status of this drug delivery system in enhancing drug delivery and cancer therapy.


RESULTS
Cancer is a disease state in which the cells in our body undergo mutations at the genetic level and are transformed, acquiring the ability to replicate limitlessly. Conventional cancer treatment involves the use of surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, which have the potential of harming normal, otherwise healthy, non-neoplastic cells. Newer forms of therapy such as immunotherapy and gene therapy have shown initial promise, but still require better ways to limit exposure to cancerous lesions in the body. As a result drug delivery systems have been developed in attempts to deliver therapeutics specifically to the target lesion site. One recent drug delivery system has revolved around the use of chitosan nanoparticle technology, where therapeutics are encapsulated into nanoparticles and targeted to tumours.


CONCLUSIONS
Though few, attempts at encapsulating therapeutics such as deoxyribozymes and small or short interfering RNA have been optimistic and encouraging.
Tan
Mei Lin
ML
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, P.O. Box 2900, Fitzroy 3065, Australia.
Choong
Peter F M
PF
Dass
Crispin R
CR
D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D021881:DNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D021881:DNA, Catalytic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D048271:Chitosan