title: GAP-43 is essential for the neurotrophic effects of BDNF and positive AMPA receptor modulator S18986.
abstract: Positive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor modulators include benzamide compounds that allosterically modulate AMPA glutamate receptors. These small molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier have been shown to act as a neuroprotectant by increasing the levels of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Positive AMPA receptor modulators have also been shown to increase the levels of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). GAP-43 plays a major role in many aspects of neuronal function in vertebrates. The goal of this study was to determine whether GAP-43 was important in mediating the actions of positive AMPA receptor modulator (S18986) and BDNF. Using cortical cultures from GAP-43 knockout and control mice, we show that (1) GAP-43 is upregulated in response to S18986 and BDNF in control cultures; (2) this upregulation of GAP-43 is essential for mediating the neuroprotective effects of S18986 and BDNF; (3) administration of S18986 and BDNF leads to an increase in the expression of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST that are key to limiting excitotoxic cell death and this increase in GLT-1 and GLAST expression is completely blocked in the absence of GAP-43. Taken together this study concludes that GAP-43 is an important mediator of the neurotrophic effects of S18986 and BDNF on neuronal survival and plasticity, and is essential for the success of positive AMPA receptor modulator-BDNF-based neurotrophin therapy.
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spedding
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Meiri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gressens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C414205:S18986-1