title: The effect of capillarisin on glycochenodeoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis and heme oxygenase-1 in rat primary hepatocytes.
abstract: The accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids plays a role in the induction of apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes during cholestasis. Glycochenodeoxycholate acid (GCDC) triggers a rapid oxidative stress response as an event of glutathione (GSH) depletion and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. We therefore investigated whether the bioactivity of the antioxidant capillarisin (Cap) prevents GCDC-induced hepatocyte damage. Isolated rat hepatocytes were co-incubated with 100 muM GCDC and 0.5 mg/ml Cap for 4 h. GSH depletion and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS, measure of lipid peroxidation) increased after GCDC exposure, but were markedly suppressed by Cap treatment. Cap protected hepatocytes from a GCDC-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential induction, as measured by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, Cap was shown to inhibit GCDC-mediated NF-kappaB activation by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). In contrast to GCDC, Cap not only significantly decreased cytochrome c release and caspase-3 enzyme activity, but also suppressed heme oxygenase-1 protein and mRNA expression in hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that Cap function as an antioxidant reduced hepatocyte injury caused by hydrophobic bile acids, perhaps by preventing generation of ROS and release of cytochrome c, thereby minimizing hepatocytes apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC. joyamen@mail.cgu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tzung-Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fang-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hen-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Han-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015342:DNA Probes; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005999:Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D015342:DNA Probes; C011185:capillarisin; D005999:Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)