title: Net effect of wort osmotic pressure on fermentation course, yeast vitality, beer flavor, and haze.
abstract: The net effect of increased wort osmolarity on fermentation time, bottom yeast vitality and sedimentation, beer flavor compounds, and haze was determined in fermentations with 12 degrees all-malt wort supplemented with sorbitol to reach osmolarity equal to 16 degrees and 20 degrees. Three pitchings were performed in 12 degrees/12 degrees/12 degrees, 16 degrees/16 degrees/12 degrees, and 20 degrees/20 degrees/12 degrees worts. Fermentations in 16 degrees and 20 degrees worts decreased yeast vitality measured as acidification power (AP) by a maximum of 10%, lowered yeast proliferation, and increased fermentation time. Repitching aggravated these effects. The 3rd "back to normal" pitching into 12 degrees wort restored the yeast AP and reproductive abilities while the extended fermentation time remained. Yeast sedimentation in 16 degrees and 20 degrees worts was delayed but increased about two times at fermentation end relative to that in 12 degrees wort. Third "back-to-normal" pitching abolished the delay in sedimentation and reduced its extent, which became nearly equal in all variants. Beer brewed at increased osmolarity was characterized by increased levels of diacetyl and pentanedione and lower levels of dimethylsulfide and acetaldehyde. Esters and higher alcohols displayed small variations irrespective of wort osmolarity or repitching. Increased wort osmolarity had no appreciable effect on the haze of green beer and accelerated beer clarification during maturation. In all variants, chill haze increased with repitching.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. sigler@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sigler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matoulková
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dienstbier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000032:analysis; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010420:Pentanes / Q000032:analysis; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000502:physiology*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D004952:Esters; D010420:Pentanes; D013440:Sulfides; D000079:Acetaldehyde; D003931:Diacetyl; C004784:dimethyl sulfide