Breastfeeding prevents severe disease in full term female infants with acute respiratory infection.
BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding is a well-known protective factor against severe respiratory tract infections. Recently, a gender specific role for human milk has been described in very low birth weight infants and neonates: breast milk protected girls but not boys.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the protective effect of breastfeeding on the severity of acute respiratory infections in full term infants is different for girls and boys.


METHODS
A prospective cross-sectional study of infants seeking medical care for acute respiratory infection. The protective role of breastfeeding against viral pneumonia and hospitalization were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyses were adjusted for important confounders.


RESULTS
A total of 323 patients were enrolled in this study. Breastfeeding protected girls against pneumonia and hospitalization, but did not protect boys. Nonbreastfeeding females were particularly susceptible to severe acute respiratory infections.


CONCLUSIONS
Breastfeeding had a protective effect against severe disease in infant girls experiencing their first symptomatic respiratory infection. Nonbreastfeeding females are at significant risk for severe acute lung disease and should be targeted intensively by breastfeeding campaigns.
Libster
Romina
R
Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Bugna Hortoneda
Jimena
J
Laham
Federico R
FR
Casellas
Javier M
JM
Israele
Victor
V
Polack
Norberto R
NR
Delgado
Maria Florencia
MF
Klein
Maria Inés
MI
Polack
Fernando P
FP
D000208:Acute Disease; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012737:Sex Factors