title: Trends in child overweight rates and energy intake in France from 1999 to 2007: relationships with socioeconomic status.
abstract: Our objectives were (i) to assess the current prevalence of childhood overweight (including obesity) (OWOB) in France and its relationship with comprehensive socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and (ii) to examine trends in OWOB prevalence and changes in energy intake (EI) and sedentary behavior (SED) based on the previous INCA 1 (Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires) data (1998-1999). A representative sample of children aged 3-14 (n = 1,030) was taken from the 2006-2007 cross-sectional INCA 2 food consumption survey. Weight and height were measured. The prevalence of OWOB was estimated according to the IOTF (International Obesity Task Force) definition. Average daily EI was evaluated using a 7-day food record. SED (screen time) and SES were reported by answering questionnaires. SES indicators included the occupation and level of education of the head of the household (HH), and variables describing household wealth. Composite indices of SES were computed by correspondence analysis, and relationships with OWOB were explored by logistic regression analysis. In total, 14.5% (95% CI: 12.1-17.0) of the children were OWOB. All SES indicators were inversely correlated to OWOB. Average EI was equal to 1,739 kcal/day. Daily, children spent 113.5 min watching television, and 38.5 min playing video games or using a computer. Compared to the INCA 1 study, OWOB prevalence was not significantly different, EI was lower, and SED was higher. These trends were the same across all occupational categories of heads of household. Although overall rates of childhood OWOB are currently stabilizing, no change was observed in the strong inverse socioeconomic gradient of OWOB between the two studies.
authors.affiliation: Dietary Survey Unit, Nutritional Epidemiology, French Food Safety Agency (Afssa), Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. s.lioret@afssa.fr
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lioret
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubuisson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calamassi-Tran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lafay
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Volatier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D055815:Young Adult