title: Aesthetic reconstruction of a crooked nose via extracorporeal septoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, indications, and contraindications of the extracorporeal approach in treating a severely deviated nose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients operated on for aesthetic correction of a severely deviated nose were studied. Forty-six of them were first operations and 18 were revision cases. The surgical procedure of choice was the closed technique. Septal cartilage was prepared and then dislocated, followed by external alignment and reimplantation. Hump reduction with lateral osteotomies and, occasionally, medial dislocation of nasal bones was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cosmetic results were satisfactory in all first operation cases. In 11 of the 18 revision cases, septal preparation was impossible; in 2, septal sagging was observed; and in 1, perforation was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracorporeal septoplasty is an effective, safe, and reliable technique, especially for twisted noses undergoing surgery for the first time. However, it is strongly contraindicated in a revised deviated nose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, G Genimmatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kantas
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Balatsouras
authors.forename: Chariton E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Papadakis
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marangos
authors.forename: Stavros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Korres
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danielides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002356:Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D000075202:Contraindications; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*