title: Direct cell entry of gold/iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles in adenovirus mediated gene delivery.
abstract: Gold/iron-oxide MAgnetic Nanoparticles (GoldMAN) imparts useful magnetic properties to various biomolecules. Gold nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles allow for the conjugation of biomolecules via an Au-S bond. Here, we present a practical application by utilizing GoldMAN and a magnetic field to induce intracellular transduction. This method has great potential for application of the adenovirus gene delivery vector (Ad), widely used for in vitro/in vivo gene transfer, to Ad-resistant cells. We demonstrated that Ad was easily immobilized on GoldMAN and the Ad/GoldMAN complex was introduced into the cell by the magnetic field, which increased gene expression over 1000 times that of Ad alone. The GoldMAN penetrated the plasma membrane directly, independent of the cell-surface virus receptors and endocytosis pathway. This mechanism will contribute to improve the gene expression efficiency of Ad. This technology is a useful tool for extending Ad tropism and enhancing transduction efficiency. GoldMAN also makes possible the effective use of various biomolecules within the cell because of its interesting cell-entry mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Takao A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006046:Gold / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D006046:Gold