title: Modulation of HOXA10 and other markers of endometrial receptivity by age and human chorionic gonadotropin in an endometrial explant model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the endometrial response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as influenced by uterine age, using endometrial receptivity markers including HOXA10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glycodelin in an endometrial explant culture system.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro molecular biology research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic infertility clinic and molecular biology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen prospective recipients of egg donation (mean age, 44 +/- 8 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received cyclical estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) and underwent an endometrial biopsy on day 7 of P(4). Endometrial biopsy samples were cut into 1-mm(3) pieces and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F-12 with E(2) and P(4), without (control) or with hCG (400, 4000, and 40,000 mIU/mL) on Millicell-CM inserts for 24 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Explant viability was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate relative gene expression via mRNA levels of HOXA10, VEGF, and glycodelin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Explant viability was confirmed on IHC by histology and Ki-67 staining, a marker of proliferation. HOXA10, VEGF, and glycodelin gene expression increased at all concentrations of hCG over those of controls. HOXA10 gene expression was inversely correlated with age (-0.08- +/- 0.03-fold decrease in gene expression/year of age).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endometrial explant culture system is a promising model for the study of endometrial response as it maintains interactions among the stroma, glands, and epithelium. HOXA10, VEGF, and glycodelin all demonstrated increased gene expression in response to increasing hCG concentrations, supporting the role of hCG as a candidate protein for blastocyst-endometrial communication. Statistically significant associations between age and expression of HOXA10 provide novel evidence that uterine age may play a role in endometrial response on a molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Atlanta Center for Reproductive Medicine, 5909 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Suite 720, Atlanta, Georgia 30328, USA. robinfogle@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Robin H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fogle
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Paulson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000502:physiology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C069634:HOXA10 protein, human