Community violence: a meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents.
Meta-analytic techniques were used to estimate the effects of exposure to community violence on mental health outcomes across 114 studies. Community violence had its strongest effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and externalizing problems and smallest impact on other internalizing symptoms. Victimization by community violence most predicted symptomatology compared to witnessing or hearing about community violence. Witnessing community violence had a greater effect than hearing about violence on externalizing problems, but both types of exposure had an equal impact on other internalizing problems. PTSD symptoms were equally predicted by victimization, witnessing, or hearing about community violence. Compared to children, adolescents reported a stronger relationship between externalizing behaviors and exposure, whereas children exhibited greater internalizing problems than did adolescents.
Fowler
Patrick J
PJ
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Maccabees Building, 7th Floor, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. pfowler@wayne.edu
Tompsett
Carolyn J
CJ
Braciszewski
Jordan M
JM
Jacques-Tiura
Angela J
AJ
Baltes
Boris B
BB
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D002666:Psychology, Child; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*