Prescription opiate misuse among rural stimulant users in a multistate community-based study.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the current analysis was to examine the factors associated with prescription opiate misuse among stimulant users from rural counties in Arkansas, Kentucky, and Ohio (N = 714).


METHODS
Multiple logistic regression was utilized to determine the independent correlates of recent (prior 6 months) prescription opiate misuse.


RESULTS
More than half of participants (53.2%) reported prescription opiate misuse in the previous 6 months. Other drug use (heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and marijuana) and anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.04, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.60, 2.59) were independently associated with prescription opiate misuse. Chronic pain and other health indicators were not associated with prescription opiate misuse after adjustment for covariates.


CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that illicit drug involvement and psychiatric symptoms may be driving the high rates of prescription opiate misuse among rural stimulant users. These findings have implications for the provision of treatment in resource-deprived rural areas.
Havens
Jennifer R
JR
Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. jennifer.havens@uky.edu
Stoops
William W
WW
Leukefeld
Carl G
CG
Garrity
Thomas F
TF
Carlson
Robert G
RG
Falck
Russel
R
Wang
Jichuan
J
Booth
Brenda M
BM
D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects; D001131:Arkansas; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005059:Euphoria / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009820:Ohio; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
D000700:Analgesics; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine