title: Development of a mandarin monosyllable recognition test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to develop a set of 50- and 25-item word lists that exhibited familiarity, homogeneity, and phonemic balance for a Mandarin monosyllable recognition test (MMRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve the design goal of high subject familiarity with the test material, we selected the 700 most frequently occurring monosyllables to be the test material. The homogeneity of the test material was achieved by evaluating five psychometric characteristics of these 700 monosyllables to obtain 348 homogeneous monosyllables with similar psychometric functions for constructing the word lists. The phonemic balance of the 50-item word lists was achieved by deriving the desired numbers of initials, finals, and tones in these lists according to their occurrence frequencies in 4733 monosyllabic words. The phonemic balance of the 25-item word lists was achieved by equally dividing the desired numbers of initials, finals, and tones in the 50-item word lists into two groups, called half-A and half-B lists. Three half-A lists and three half-B lists were constructed from the 348 homogeneous monosyllables, and they could be paired to form nine 50-item word lists. Accordingly, all of the MMRT word lists are familiar, homogeneous, and phonemically balanced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homogeneity of the MMRT word lists was examined by evaluating the interlist equivalence, interitem variability, and intersubject variability. A chi test was used to evaluate the interlist equivalence among the MMRT word lists; that is, to determine whether the values of percent correct recognition were distributed identically at 12 different presentation levels among the six 25-item word lists and nine 50-item word lists. No statistically significant differences were found among the word lists: chi(55) = 12.004 and p = 1.000 for the six 25-item word lists, chi(88) = 7.695 and p = 1.000 for the nine 50-item word lists, and chi(154) = 19.699 and p = 1.000 for the six 25-item word lists plus nine 50-item word lists. The chi tests indicated that the six 25-item word lists and nine 50-item word lists exhibited interlist equivalence. The mean interitem variability (2.0 dB) and mean intersubject variability (2.3 dB) are lower for the MMRT word lists than for previously reported word recognition tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study applied an innovative approach to design MMRT word lists from familiar and homogeneous monosyllables, in which the familiarity, homogeneity, and phonemic balance of the six 25-item and nine 50-item word lists were strictly controlled. These word lists exhibit interlist equivalence with respect to their psychometric functions and five psychometric characteristics; moreover, their interitem and intersubject variability are lower than those of previously reported lists. Future clinical experiments should examine whether such a design approach can improve the reliability and diagnostic sensitivity of word recognition tests for hearing-impaired listeners.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuen-Shian
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Li-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Cheng-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shuenn-Tsong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D055815:Young Adult