title: Effect of surface preparation on the failure load of a highly filled composite bonded to the polymer-monomer matrix of a fiber-reinforced composite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surface preparation on the maximum fracture load value of a highly filled composite bonded to the polymer-monomer matrix of a fiber-reinforced composite.
  
  
  METHODS
  A polymer-monomer matrix was made by mixing urethane dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate at a ratio of 1:1 with camphorquinone and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as a light initiator. The matrix was then polymerized in a disk-shaped silicone mold with a light-polymerizing unit. The flat surfaces of the polymer-monomer matrix disk were prepared in one of the following ways: (1) without preparation; (2) application of silane coupling agent; or (3) application of matrix liquid and prepolymerization. A highly filled composite material was applied and polymerized with a light-polymerizing unit. Additional test specimens made entirely of the polymer-monomer matrix were fabricated as references; the disk and cylinder were fabricated in one piece using a mold specially made for the present study (group 4). Half the specimens were thermocycled up to 10,000 times in water with a 1-minute dwell time at each temperature (5 degrees C and 55 degrees C). The maximum fracture load values were determined using a universal testing machine (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum fracture loads for group 3 were significantly enhanced both before and after thermocycling, whereas the maximum fracture loads of group 2 were significantly enhanced before thermocycling (p < 0.05); however, the failure loads decreased for all groups after thermocycling (p < 0.05). All the specimens in groups 1 and 2 debonded during thermocycling. The failure load of group 3 was significantly lower than that of group 4 both before and after thermocycling (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the current in vitro study, the application and prepolymerization of a mixed dimethacrylate resin liquid prior to the application of a highly filled composite was an effective surface preparation for the polymer-monomer matrix of a fiber-reinforced composite; however, the bond durability may be insufficient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. simizuh1@college.fdcnet.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsue
authors.forename: Zhao-Xun
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012821:Silanes; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D013729:Terpenes; C091839:urethanetrimethacrylate; D014867:Water; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C048339:camphoroquinone; C049840:2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; C022088:silicon carbide