title: Impact of transnasal ultrathin esophagogastroduodenoscopy (UT-EGD) in the evaluation of esophageal peristaltic function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We used transnasal ultrathin esophagogastroduodenoscopy (UT-EGD) to simultaneously perform realtime esophageal manometry and observe esophageal peristalsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 22 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We induced the primary peristaltic wave associated with swallowing and observed it endoscopically in the lower esophagus, at the same time measuring the intraesophageal pressure using a manometry catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean primary peristaltic amplitude associated with swallowing was 65.6+/-47.4 mmHg in the volunteer group, and 28.0+/-25.6 mmHg in the GERD group. Although peristalsis was observed endoscopically in the GERD group, in some cases incomplete peristalsis left a small but definite lumen and in these subjects, the primary peristaltic wave was almost flat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an ultrathin transnasal endoscope makes possible simultaneous manometry and endoscopic observation of the esophagus. This combination should prove useful in the evaluation of esophageal peristaltic function, such as in the diagnosing of GERD.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. t-kawai@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Mikinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sofuni
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003679:Deglutition; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004867:Equipment Design; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010528:Peristalsis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure