title: Environmental properties of long-chain alcohols. Part 2: Structure-activity relationship for chronic aquatic toxicity of long-chain alcohols.
abstract: Daphnia magna reproduction tests were performed with C(10), C(12), C(14) and C(15) alcohols to establish a structure-activity relationship of chronic effects of long-chain alcohols. The data generation involved substantial methodological efforts due to the exceptionally rapid biodegradability of the test substances and the need to test as close as possible to their water solubility limits. Test concentrations were determined by GC-MS before and after test solution renewal. Whereas apparent toxicity based on survival and reproduction increased with increasing C-chain lengths up to C(14), observations of toxicity to C(15) alcohol were not in line with lower chain lengths due to the lack of toxicity below the level of water solubility. When omitting C(15), the slope of most (Q)SARs approach -1, being consistent with the expectation of a non-polar narcotic mode of action. Further testing at higher chain lengths is not sensible due to progressively lower solubility, at remaining biodegradability. Effects on mortality and reproduction are not expected below the level of water solubility.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), P.O. Box 1260, 57377 Schmallenberg, Germany. christoph.schaefers@ime.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäfers
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boshof
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürling
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Belanger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willing
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gamon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Eadsforth
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Girling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000633:toxicity*; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012098:Reproduction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012996:Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D013534:Survival; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water