title: Effects of regular and whitening dentifrices on remineralization of bovine enamel in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare in vitro the remineralizing effects of different regular dentifrices and whitening dentifrices (containing pyrophosphates) on predemineralized enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from 84 bovine incisors were embedded in epoxy resin, partly covered with nail varnish, and demineralized in a lactic acid solution (37 degrees C, pH 5.0, 8 days). Parts of the demineralized areas were covered with nail varnish, and specimens were randomly assigned to 6 groups. Subsequently, specimens were exposed to a remineralizing solution (37 degrees C, pH 7.0, 60 days) and brushed 3 times a day (1:3 slurry with remineralizing solution) with 1 of 3 regular dentifrices designed for anticaries (group 1, amine; group 2, sodium fluoride) or periodontal (group 3, amine/stannous fluoride) purposes or whitening dentifrice containing pyrophosphates (group 4, sodium fluoride). An experimental dentifrice (group 5, without pyrophosphates/fluorides) and a whitening dentifrice (group 6, monofluorophosphate) served as controls. Mineral loss and lesion depths were evaluated from contact microradiographs, and intergroup comparisons were performed using the closed-test procedure (alpha =.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to baseline, specimens brushed with the dentifrices containing stannous/amine fluorides revealed significant mineral gains and lesion depth reductions (P < .05). Concerning the reacquired mineral, the whitening dentifrice performed worse than the regular dentifrices (P > .05), while mineral gain, as well as lesion depth, reduction was negligible with the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentifrices containing pyrophosphates perform worse than regular dentifrices but do not necessarily affect remineralization. Unless remineralizing efficacy is proven, whitening dentifrices should be recommended only after deliberate consideration in caries-prone patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrej M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kielbassa
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschoppe
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.forename: Karl-Thomas
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wrbas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008852:Microradiography; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D011897:Random Allocation; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000628:therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates; D005459:Fluorides