title: Incomplete electrode extraction during cochlear implant revision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report 3 occurrences of incomplete electrode extraction during cochlear implant revision, resulting in partial intracochlear retention of an implant electrode array.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three tertiary care academic medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with cochlear implant failure necessitating revision cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis and surgical revision of failed cochlear implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rare intraoperative complication was encountered in 3 pediatric patients undergoing revision cochlear implantation. During attempted explantation of the indwelling electrode, the array fractured and resulted in intracochlear retention of a distal portion of the electrode. Each case was managed differently by the operative team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incomplete electrode extraction is a rare but significant complication of revision cochlear implantation that is generally not anticipated when counseling patients and families. Preoperative discussion of this potential complication is appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0312, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zwolan
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kileny
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Niparko
authors.forename: Colin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: Clough
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Telian
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004566:Electrodes; D004868:Equipment Failure; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology