title: Thrombin related peptide TP508 promoted fracture repair in a mouse high energy fracture model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombin related peptide (TP508) is a 23 amino-acid synthetic peptide that represents a portion of the receptor-binding domain of thrombin molecule. Previous studies have shown that TP508 can accelerate musculoskeletal tissue repair including fracture healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TP508 on fracture healing in a murine fracture model representing high energy fracture situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty CD 1 mice underwent controlled quadriceps muscle crush and open transverse mid diaphyseal femoral fracture that was then fixed with an external fixator. Animals were randomised into four groups to receive an intra-operative dose of either 100 mug TP508 into the fracture gap; 100 mug TP508 into the surrounding damaged muscle tissues; 10 mug TP508 into the fracture gap, or control equal amount of saline into the fracture gap. Radiographic assessment was performed weekly for 5 weeks; histological analysis was at 3 and 5 weeks post fracture and biomechanical testing of the fractured bone was performed at 5 weeks post fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mechanical testing data showed that the fracture stiffness was significantly higher in the group receiving 100 mug TP508 into the fracture gap than other groups. Histological and radiographic analysis revealed a trend of increase in bone formation in the 100 mug TP508 injected into the fracture gap group compared to the saline control group. It was noted that the scar tissues was significantly less in Group II comparing with the saline control group and there was increased blood vessel formation in the crushed muscles and fracture gap areas in the groups receiving TP508 comparing to the saline control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study demonstrated the use of thrombin related peptide TP508 in the situation of a high energy fracture can promote fracture healing and reduce the potential complications such as muscle fibrosis and fracture delayed or non-union.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7B, UK. g.li@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Brain M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hanratty
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ryaby
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li