title: Actinic damage in histopathologically normal skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish measures of sun damage in histopathologically normal skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies were taken from the upper inner arm, representing skin with presumably minimum sun exposure, from skin of the forearm with no visible sun damage, from skin of the forearm with visible sun damage and from normal-appearing skin from the forearm of individuals who had sun exposure that had resulted in actinic keratosis (AK) lesions. In addition, a data set of nuclei from AKs was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In histopathologically normal skin, monotonically increasing damage was observed in individuals with increased exposure to solar radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Karyometry can detect and statistically secure changes in skin due to solar exposure at a stage at which the skin is histopathologically determined to be normal.
authors.affiliation: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5024, USA. hubertbartels@msn.com
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Krouse
authors.forename: Anil R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yozwiak
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hubert G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects