title: [Valproate treatment during pregnancy: description of four cases with foetal valproate syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment with valproate is associated with an increased risk of teratogenicity compared to other antiepileptic drugs and can cause a complex of serious symptoms usually referred to as "foetal valproate symdrome" which is characterised by major and minor malformations in association with developmental delay. This paper aims to give attention to the syndrome through four case descriptions. Furthermore, possible risk factors and the use of the mutation 677C-T as a risk marker are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine developmentally retarded children from a parent group, born of mothers who were treated with valproate during pregnancy, were neuropediatrically and neuropsychologically examined in a non-acute setting. The mothers were screened for the 677C-T mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of seven examined children fulfilled the criteria for foetal valproate syndrome. Only one of the four mothers was heterozygote for the 677C-T mutation (CT, n = 1/4) and none of the mothers were homozygote (TT, n = 0/4)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The foetal valproate syndrome is a complex of symptoms which is probably underdiagnosed and should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation program for children with developmental delay who are born of mothers with epilepsy. The 677C-T mutation does not seem to be a useful genetic marker of this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsiklinikken, Glostrup Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup. anns@glo.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabers
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blichfeldt
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sahlholdt
authors.forename: John Oskaer
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014635:Valproic Acid; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)