title: Depression in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To critically review data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms in general intensive care unit (ICU) survivors, risk factors for these symptoms, and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and a hand-search of 13 journals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies were eligible. The median point prevalence of "clinically significant" depressive symptoms was 28% (total n = 1,213). Neither sex nor age were consistent risk factors for post-ICU depression, and severity of illness at ICU admission was consistently not a risk factor. Early post-ICU depressive symptoms were a strong risk factor for subsequent depressive symptoms. Post-ICU depressive symptoms were associated with substantially lower HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms are common in general ICU survivors and negatively impact HRQOL. Future studies should address how factors related to individual patients, critical illness and post-ICU recovery are associated with depression in ICU survivors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 356896, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. ddavydo1@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Dimitry S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Davydow
authors.forename: Jeneen M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Sanjay V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: O Joseph
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Bienvenu
authors.forename: Dale M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Needham
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*