title: An 11-Year Surveillance of HIV Type 1 Subtypes in Nagoya, Japan.
abstract: Abstract To monitor active HIV-1 transmission in Nagoya, Japan, we have been determining the subtypes of HIV-1 infecting therapy-naive individuals who have newly visited the Nagoya Medical Center since 1997. The subtypes were determined by phylogenetic analyses using the base sequences in three regions of the HIV-1 genes including gag p17, pol protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT), and env C2V3. Almost all HIV-1 subtypes from 1997 to 2007 and 93% of all HIV-1 isolates in 2007 were subtype B. HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, and F have been detected sporadically since 1997, almost all in Africans and South Americans. The first detected circulating recombinant form (CRF ) was CRF01_AE (11-year average annual detection rate, 7.7%). Only two cases of CRF02_AG were detected in 2006. A unique recombinant form (URF ) was first detected in 1998 and the total number of URFs reached 25 by year 2007 (average annual detection rate, 4.7%). Eleven of these 25 were detected from 2000 to 2005 and had subtypes AE/B/AE as determined by base sequencing of the gag p17, pol PR and RT, and env C2V3 genes (average annual detection rate, 3.7%). Unique subtype B has been detected in six cases since 2006. All 17 of these patients were Japanese. Other recombinant HIV-1s have been detected intermittently in eight cases since 1998. During the 11-year surveillance, most HIV-1s in Nagoya, Japan were of subtype B. We expect that subtype B HIV-1 will continue to predominate for the next several years. Active recombination between subtype B and CRF01_AE HIV-1 and its transmission were also shown.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center (Tokai Area Central Hospital for AIDS Treatment and Research) , Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Urara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shigemi
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomaku
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamiya
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Tsuguhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D055815:Young Adult