title: META060 inhibits multiple kinases in the NF-kappaB pathway and suppresses LPS--mediated inflammation in vitro and ex vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether a novel candidate META060 targeted the inflammatory signal transduction without affecting constitutive COX-2 enzymatic activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We also investigated its bioavailability in humans and its anti-inflammatory effect ex vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured prostaglandin E(2), nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-6 by ELISA, COX-2 protein by Western blot, NF-kappaB nuclear binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and NF-kappaB activation by luciferase assay. Kinase inhibitions were measured by cell-free assays. Bioavailability was tested in 4 human subjects consuming 940 mg META060. LPS-activated TNFalpha and IL-6 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 1 subject up to 6 hours post administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  META060 dose-dependently inhibited prostaglandin E(2) and nitric oxide formation, COX-2 abundance, and NF-kappaB activation. In cell-free assays, META060 inhibited multiple kinases in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, including BTK, PI3K, and GSK3. META060 was detected in the plasma of the subjects; isolated PBMC were resistant to LPS-stimulated TNFalpha and IL-6 production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without inhibiting COX-2 enzyme, META060 reduces the inflammation by inhibiting multiple kinases involved in NF-kappaB pathway, and may have potential as a safe anti-inflammatory therapeutic.
authors.affiliation: MetaProteomics Nutrigenomics Research Center, a subsidiary of Metagenics, Inc., Gig Harbor, WA 98332, USA. anudesai@metagenics.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Konda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Darland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tripp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004709:1,3-cyclopentadiene; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone