title: Endotoxin-induced gene expression differences in the brain and effects of iNOS inhibition and norepinephrine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied gene expression differences in brain homogenate, hippocampus, somatosensory cortex and cerebellum of rats suffering from sepsis-associated delirium and analyzed the effects of norepinephrine and 1,400 W (specific inhibitor of the inducible nitric-oxide synthase).
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied microarray screenings to rat brain homogenate 1, 3 and 4.5 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) or 0.9% NaCl treatment. Therapy groups were analyzed after 4.5 h. Validations and compartment specific investigations were carried out by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most striking gene expression differences were seen 4.5 h after LPS administration, especially within the hippocampus (chemokines and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1). Norepinephrine resulted in a discrete chemokine up-regulation, while 1,400 W had hardly any effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strongest gene regulations were found within the hippocampus. Norepinephrine showed a tendency of having a proinflammatory influence, while 1,400 W had no clear-cut effect onto the gene expression level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Am Steg 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany. Stephanie.Wolff@neuro.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klatt
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosengarten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D009498:Neurotoxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009638:Norepinephrine