title: Effects of six selected antibiotics on plant growth and soil microbial and enzymatic activities.
abstract: The potential impact of six antibiotics (chlortetracycline, tetracycline and tylosin; sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim) on plant growth and soil quality was studied by using seed germination test on filter paper and plant growth test in soil, soil respiration and phosphatase activity tests. The phytotoxic effects varied between the antibiotics and between plant species (sweet oat, rice and cucumber). Rice was most sensitive to sulfamethoxazole with the EC10 value of 0.1 mg/L. The antibiotics tested inhibited soil phosphatase activity during the 22 days' incubation. Significant effects on soil respiration were found for the two sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine) and trimethoprim, whereas little effects were observed for the two tetracyclines and tylosin. The effective concentrations (EC10 values) for soil respiration in the first 2 days were 7 mg/kg for sulfamethoxazole, 13 mg/kg for sulfamethazine and 20 mg/kg for trimethoprim. Antibiotic residues in manure and soils may affect soil microbial and enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-Guo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jian-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ji-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lan-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000633:toxicity; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D063245:Plant Development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000633:toxicity; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000633:toxicity; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000633:toxicity; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000633:toxicity; D015645:Tylosin / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013752:Tetracycline; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D015645:Tylosin