title: Beneficial effects of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often have severe heart failure with a high mortality rate. Most DMD patients with cardiomyopathy became symptomatic in their early to middle teens and usually die of congestive heart failure within 2-3 years from the onset of symptoms. It has been reported that the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a beta-blocker has additive benefits in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess whether the combination of an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker is associated with long-term survival of DMD patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 52 DMD patients who had begun treatment for heart failure with an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker at National Yakumo Hospital during the period from 1992 to 2005. All patients used wheelchairs in their daily lives. Patients were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic at the initiation of treatment with these two drugs. Twelve patients who had already had apparent symptoms due to heart failure were enrolled in a treatment group. Forty patients who had no symptoms with reduced LV ejection fraction (≤ 45% in echocardiography) were enrolled in a prevention group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year and 7-year survival rates of all patients were 93 and 84%, respectively. In the treatment group, 5-year and 7-year survival rate were 81 and 71%, respectively. Survival rate became zero at 10.9 years. In the prevention group, 5-year and 7-year survival rates were 97 and 84%, respectively, and 10-year survival rate was 72%. Nine patients in the prevention group remained event-free over 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the combination of an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker had a beneficial effect on long-term survival of DMD patients with heart failure. The treatment was particularly effective for asymptomatic patients with LV dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Yakumo Hospital, Yakumo, Hokkaido, Japan. hogata@seagreen.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hitoko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yukitoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors