title: Voice classification and vocal tract of singers: a study of x-ray images and morphology.
abstract: This investigation compares vocal tract dimensions and the classification of singer voices by examining an x-ray material assembled between 1959 and 1991 of students admitted to the solo singing education at the University of Music, Dresden, Germany. A total of 132 images were available to analysis. Different classifications' values of the lengths of the total vocal tract, the pharynx, and mouth cavities as well as of the relative position of the larynx, the height of the palatal arch, and the estimated vocal fold length were analyzed statistically, and some significant differences were found. The length of the pharynx cavity seemed particularly influential on the total vocal tract length, which varied systematically with classification. Also studied were the relationships between voice classification and the body height and weight and the body mass index. The data support the hypothesis that there are consistent morphological vocal tract differences between singers of different voice classifications.
authors.affiliation: Voice Research Laboratory, University of Music Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roers
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mürbe
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D013060:Speech; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult