title: Feasibility study on driver's stress detection from differential skin temperature measurement.
abstract: Prolonged monotonous driving may lower a driver's awareness level as well as increasing their stress level due to the compulsion to maintain safe driving, which may result in an increased risk of a traffic accident. There is therefore an opportunity for technological assessment of driver physiological status to be applied in-car, hopefully reducing the incidence of potentially dangerous situations. As part of our long-term aim to develop such a system, we describe here the investigation of differential skin temperature measurement as a possible marker of a driver's stress level. In this study, healthy male (n=18) & female (n=7) subjects were investigated under environment-controlled conditions, whilst being subjected to simulated monotonous travel at constant speed on a test-course. We acquired physiological variables, including facial skin temperature which consists of truncal and peripheral skin temperatures (Ts) using thermography, beat-by-beat blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and normalized pulse volume (NPV) used as an indicator of local peripheral vascular tone. We then investigated the driver's reactivity in terms of skin temperatures with this background of cardiovascular haemodynamics. We found that the simulated monotonous driving produced a gradual drop in peripheral Ts following the driving stress, which, through interpretation of the TPR and NPV recordings, could be explained by peripheral sympathetic activation. On the other hand, the truncal Ts was not influenced by the stress. These findings lead us to suggest that truncal-peripheral differential Ts could be used as a possible index indicative of the driver's stress.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Sci. & Tech., Kanazawa Univ., Kanazawa, Japan. takehiro@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*