title: Method development for the analysis of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: 1,4-Dioxane has been identified as a probable human carcinogen and an emerging contaminant in drinking water. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) has developed a method for the analysis of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water at ng/L concentrations. The method consists of an activated carbon solid-phase extraction of 500-mL or 100-mL water samples using dichloromethane as the elution solvent. The extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. In the NERL laboratory, recovery of 1,4-dioxane ranged from 94-110% in fortified laboratory reagent water and recoveries of 96-102% were demonstrated for fortified drinking water samples. The relative standard deviations for replicate analyses were less than 6% at concentrations exceeding the minimum reporting level.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Grimmett
authors.forename: Jean W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Munch
mesh_terms: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004146:Dioxanes; D014867:Water; D002606:Charcoal; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D008752:Methylene Chloride; C025223:1,4-dioxane; D000432:Methanol