title: Tetrandrine suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis of gliomas in rats.
abstract: Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has antitumor effects against some cancers, but its effects on gliomas are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine on the growth and angiogenesis of rat RT-2 gliomas. We treated RT-2 glioma cells with tetrandrine and then measured cytotoxicity, apoptosis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We also examined the cytotoxic effect of tetrandrine on the ECV304 human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the effects of tetrandrine on the in vivo angiogenesis. Tumor size and animal survival were followed in tetrandrine-treated rats with subcutaneous or intracerebral gliomas. Expression of CD31 in tetrandrine-treated gliomas was followed to study its effect on glioma-induced angiogenesis. Tetrandrine had cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis of glioma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Tetrandrine also inhibited the expression of VEGF in glioma cells, induced cytotoxicity effect on the ECV304 cells and suppressed the in vivo angiogenesis. Tetrandrine (150 mg/kg/day) had significant antitumor effects on subcutaneous tumors and led to slower tumor growth rate, longer animal survival time and higher animal survival (p < 0.05). Tetrandrine also affected intracerebral tumors and prolonged animal survival (p < 0.05) without affecting survival rate. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the subcutaneous gliomas from tetrandrine-treated rats had fewer microvessel densities than control rats (p = 0.01). The results demonstrate that tetrandrine is cytotoxic to RT-2 glioma cells, has antitumor effects on subcutaneous and intracerebral gliomas, and inhibits angiogenesis in subcutaneous gliomas. Tetrandrine has potential as a treatment for gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin-Cherng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sheng-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D017931:DNA Primers; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines; D017931:DNA Primers; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C009438:tetrandrine; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase