title: An 8.9 Mb 19p13 duplication associated with precocious puberty and a sporadic 3.9 Mb 2q23.3q24.1 deletion containing NR4A2 in mentally retarded members of a family with an intrachromosomal 19p-into-19q between-arm insertion.
abstract: In a 2 and a half-year-old girl with onset of puberty before the age of 5 months, short stature, hand anomalies and severe mental retardation, an 8.9 Mb interstitial 19p13 duplication containing 215 predicted genes was detected. It was initially assumed that the duplication involved the kisspeptin receptor gene, GPR54, known to stimulate induction of puberty, but more refined duplication mapping excluded this possibility. In an attempt to further understand the genotype-phenotype correlation, global gene expression was measured in skin fibroblasts. The overall expression pattern was quite similar to controls, and only about 25% of the duplicated genes had an expression level that was increased by more than 1.3-fold, with no obvious changes that could explain the precocious puberty. The proband's mother carried a balanced between-arm insertion of the duplicated segment that resembled a pericentric inversion. The same insertion was found in several other family members, including one who had lost a daughter with severe mental retardation and menarche at the age of 10 years. Another close relative was severely mentally retarded, but neither dysmorphic nor microcephalic. His phenotype was initially ascribed to a presumed cryptic chromosome 19 imbalance caused by the 19p-into19q insertion, but subsequent array-CGH detected a 3.9-Mb deletion of 2q23.3q24.1. This novel microdeletion involves seven genes, of which FMNL2, a suggested regulator of Rho-GTPases, and NR4A2, an essential gene for differentiation of dopaminergic neurons, may be critical genes for the proposed 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen HF, Norway. helle.lybak@helse-bergen.no
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lybaek
authors.forename: Karen Helene
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ørstavik
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hovland
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breilid
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stansberg
authors.forename: Vidar Martin
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houge
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics*; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D000080865:Formins; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D010375:Pedigree; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C476208:FMNL2 protein, human; D000080865:Formins; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors