Complete eversion of the urinary bladder: presentation, review, and algorithm for management.
BACKGROUND
Complete eversion of the urinary bladder is a rare problem that presents a serious management challenge. Currently no standard treatment recommendations exist for management. We describe our experience with bladder eversion and present an algorithm for treatment.


METHODS
An elderly, multiparous woman presented with complete bladder eversion after partial colpocleisis. Her bladder was reduced by a combined suprapubic and perineal approach with cystopexy to the anterior abdominal wall.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiparous postmenopausal women appear to be at highest risk for complete bladder eversion. External transurethral reduction is sometimes successful, but most cases require laparotomy.
Kalorin
Carmin M
CM
From Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York.
Belarmino
James
J
Mian
Badar
B
De
Elise
E
D000368:Aged; D052858:Cystocele / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery