title: Acute intracranial hypertension increases gastric tonus in anesthetized rats.
abstract: We studied the acute effect of intracranial hypertension (ICH) on gastric tonus of anesthetized rats. Brain ventricles were cannulated bilaterally for intracerebro-ventricular pressure (ICP) monitoring and ICH induction. Next, a balloon catheter was inserted at the proximal stomach and coupled to a barostat for gastric volume (GV) monitoring by plethysmography. Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously during 80-min. After a 20-min basal period, they were submitted to control or ICH protocols. In controls, the ICP varied spontaneously up to the end. Other rats were subjected to ICP rising to 10, 20, 40 or 60 mmHg and kept at these levels for 30-min. Another group was subjected after basal period to stepwise ICH (ICP rising to 20, 40 and 60 mmHg at every 10-min interval). Next, the ICH rats were monitored for further 30-min. Other rats, previously submitted to a subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, splanchnicectomy plus ganglionectomy or their respective sham surgery, were also studied under ICH. Each subset consisted of 5-6 rats. Data were compared to respective basal values after ANOVA and Bonferroni's test. In controls, the GV, AP, HR values remained within stable levels. Besides inducing bradycardia and arterial hypertension, ICH10 mmHg decreased GV by 14.8% at the 50-min interval. In ICH20, 40 and 60 mmHg subsets, GV decreased 14.0, 24.5 and 30.6% at the 40-min interval, respectively. In stepwise ICH rats, GV decreased 10.2% and 12.7%, respectively under ICP of 40 and 60 mmHg. The GV values remained significantly lower than basal levels during the last 30-min of monitoring. Thus, ICH decreases the GV in an ICP-dependent pattern besides inducing Cushing's reflex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cristino-Filho
authors.forename: P R L
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: G H S
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Rola
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D017763:Autonomic Denervation; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization; D003187:Compliance; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D010991:Plethysmography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013153:Splanchnic Nerves; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014628:Vagotomy