title: A series of kokumi peptides impart the long-lasting mouthfulness of matured Gouda cheese.
abstract: Comparative sensory analysis revealed that a 44-week-matured Gouda cheese (GC44) exhibited a much more pronounced mouthfulness and long-lasting taste complexity when compared to a young Gouda cheese ripened for only 4 weeks (GC4). To identify the molecules underlying that so-called kokumi sensation, a sensomics approach was applied on the water-soluble extract (WSE44) of GC44 by combining gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with analytical sensory tools. HPLC-MS/MS experiments on GPC fractions inducing a kokumi sensation when tasted in an aqueous biomimetic taste recombinant solution (rWSE44) enabled the identification of 8 alpha-L-glutamyl and 10 gamma-L-glutamyl dipeptides as candidate kokumi-enhancing molecules. Among those, only the gamma-L-glutamyl dipeptides were found to impart an enhanced kokumi sensation to the matured cheese, whereas none of the alpha-glutamyl peptides were found to be active. Among the gamma-L-glutamyl peptides, the candidates gamma-Glu-Glu, gamma-Glu-Gly, gamma-Glu-Gln, gamma-Glu-Met, gamma-Glu-Leu, and gamma-Glu-His, present in GC44 in concentrations between 4.11 and 17.66 micromol/kg, were identified for the first time as the key kokumi molecules enhancing mouthfulness and complex taste continuity of the matured cheese.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toelstede
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunkel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D018698:Glutamic Acid