Combined gemcitabine and carboplatin therapy for carcinomas in dogs.
BACKGROUND
Response and adverse reactions to combined gemcitabine (GEM) and carboplatin (CARBO) therapy in dogs with carcinomas are not documented.


OBJECTIVE
GEM and CARBO are safe for the treatment of dogs with carcinomas.


METHODS
Thirty-seven dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed carcinomas.


METHODS
Prospective clinical trial. Dogs were treated with GEM (2 mg/kg, 20-30-minute infusion IV) on Days 1 and 8 and 4 hours later, CARBO (10 mg/kg IV) on Day 1. The cycle was repeated on Day 22.


RESULTS
Thirty-seven dogs (29 with measurable tumor) received a median of 2 cycles (range 0.5-6) for a total of 101 cycles administered. Twelve dogs (32%) developed neutropenia (3 Grade 3, and 5 Grade 4) and 9 (24%) thrombocytopenia (2 Grade 3, and 1 Grade 4). Dogs >20 kg were twice as likely to develop thrombocytopenia (P= .023). Twenty-seven dogs (73%) had evidence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis, but most signs were of mild to moderate severity and self-limiting. One dog died of treatment-related complications. Overall tumor response rate was 13%. One dog with metastatic prostatic carcinoma achieved a complete remission and 1 dog with intestinal adenocarcinoma and 1 with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma achieved partial remission. Twelve dogs achieved stable disease for a median of 72 days.


CONCLUSIONS
GEM and CARBO combination causes mild to moderate hematologic and GI toxicosis in dogs with carcinoma. Response rate in this study was modest, and optimization of dosing of this combination is required.
Dominguez
P A
PA
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, D208 Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Dervisis
N G
NG
Cadile
C D
CD
Sarbu
L
L
Kitchell
B E
BE
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D016190:Carboplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine