title: Effects of photoperiod on boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development, survival, and reproduction.
abstract: Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding, and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 degrees C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition+feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light:darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny was significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L:D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (Ro) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications.
authors.affiliation: Beneficial Insect Research Unit, KSARC-SPA-ARS-USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. shoil.greenberg@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sappington
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.forename: T-X
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setamou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition; D017440:Photoperiod; D012744:Sex Ratio; D048889:Weevils / Q000254:growth & development*