title: Short-term adapted physical activity program improves bone quality in osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that people affected by osteopenia/osteoporosis can benefit from an adequate amount of physical activity, counteracting the progressive loss of bone and muscle mass caused by aging. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that exercise has positive effects on bone structure. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects on bone tissue and muscular strength of a short-term exercise program in osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women were divided into 2 groups: exercise and control. All subjects underwent 2 evaluations: before and after a training period. Bone quality was assessed by phalangeal quantitative osteosonography, and maximal strength of leg extensor muscles was also evaluated. The experimental group participated in a specific supervised 20-week physical activity program that included aerobic, balance, and strength training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the training period, all bone parameters and lower-limb maximal strength were significantly improved in the exercise group (P < .05), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that a broad-based training protocol, lasting 20 weeks, can improve leg strength and bone quality parameters-main determinants of fall and fracture risk, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Sport Medicine Unit, Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tolomio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ermolao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Travain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaccaria
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016387:Women's Health