C3a mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in proteinuric nephropathy.
Tubulointerstitial inflammation and progressive fibrosis are common pathways that lead to kidney failure in proteinuric nephropathies. Activation of the complement system has been implicated in the development of tubulointerstitial injury in clinical and animal studies, but the mechanism by which complement induces kidney injury is not fully understood. Here, we studied the effect of complement on the phenotype of tubular epithelial cells. Tubular epithelial cells exposed to serum proteins adopted phenotypic and functional characteristics of mesenchymal cells. Expression of E-cadherin protein decreased and expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin protein and collagen I mRNA increased. Exposure of the cells to the complement anaphylotoxin C3a induced similar features. Treating with a C3a receptor (C3aR) antagonist prevented both C3a- and serum-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In the adriamycin-induced proteinuria model, C3aR-deficient mice demonstrated less injury, preserved renal function, and improved survival compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, the kidneys of C3aR-deficient mice had significantly less interstitial collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin. In summary, the complement anaphylotoxin C3a is an important mediator of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury and can induce tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Tang
Ziyong
Z
King's College London, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital London, London, UK.
Lu
Bao
B
Hatch
Ellen
E
Sacks
Steven H
SH
Sheerin
Neil S
NS
D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003167:Complement Activation; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; C431907:SB 290157; D015926:Complement C3a; D001120:Arginine