title: Cytokine profiles in 1-yr-old very low-birth-weight infants after enteral glutamine supplementation in the neonatal period.
abstract: In a previous study, we found that glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in 102 very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants decreased both the incidence of serious neonatal infections and atopic dermatitis during the first year of life. The aims of this follow-up study were to determine whether these beneficial effects are attended by changes in Th(1) and Th(2) cytokine profiles at age 1 yr. Furthermore, we studied changes in cytokine profiles during the first year of life in these VLBW infants. In total, 89 infants were eligible for the follow-up study (12 died, 1 exclusion due to a chromosomal abnormality). Th(1) (IFN-gamma, TNF- alpha and IL-2) and Th(2) cytokine (IL-10, IL-5, and IL-4) profiles following in vitro whole blood stimulation were measured at 1 yr. Cytokine profiles were measured in 59/89 (66%) infants. Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in neonatal period did not influence cytokine profiles at 1 yr. Cytokine profiles were not different in infants with and without allergic or infectious diseases. The beneficial effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on the incidence of serious neonatal infections and atopic dermatitis during the first year of life is not related to changes in the Th(1) and Th(2) cytokine profiles. Both Th(1) and Th(2) cytokine profiles increased during the first year of life in this cohort of VLBW infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Zwol
authors.forename: Anemone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Edward E S
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
authors.forename: Jos W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Willem P F
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Fetter
authors.forename: Ruurd M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Elburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005973:Glutamine