title: Treatment and outcomes of pelvic malunions and nonunions: a systematic review.
abstract: Although acute management of pelvic fractures and their long-term functional outcome have been widely documented, important information regarding malunion and nonunion of these fractures is sparse. Despite their relative rarity, malunions and nonunions cause disabling symptoms and have major socioeconomic implications. We analyzed the factors predisposing a pelvic injury to develop malunion/nonunion, the clinical presentation of these complications, and the efficacy of the reported operative protocols in 437 malunions/nonunions of 25 clinical studies. Treatment of these demanding complications appeared effective in the majority of the cases: overall union rates averaged 86.1%, pain relief as much as 93%, patient satisfaction 79%, and return to a preinjury level of activities 50%. Nevertheless, the patient should be informed about the incidence of perioperative complications, including neurologic injury (5.3%), symptomatic vein thrombosis (5.0%), pulmonary embolism (1.9%), and deep wound infection (1.6%). For a successful outcome, a thorough preoperative plan and methodical operative intervention are essential. In establishing effective evidence-based future clinical practice, the introduction of multicenter networks of pelvic trauma management appears a necessity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon Wing, Level A, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolaos K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kanakaris
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Angoules
authors.forename: Vassilios S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kontakis
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
mesh_terms: D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000601:surgery*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome