title: Delineating the signals by which repetitive deformation stimulates intestinal epithelial migration across fibronectin.
abstract: Repetitive strain stimulates intestinal epithelial migration across fibronectin via focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) although how these signals act and interact remains unclear. We hypothesized that PI3K is central to this pathway. We subjected Caco-2 and intestinal epithelial cell-6 cells to 10 cycles/min deformation on flexible fibronectin-coated membranes, assayed migration by wound closure, and signaling by immunoblots. Strain stimulated PI3K, AKT, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK), and p38 phosphorylation. Blocking each kinase prevented strain stimulation of migration. Blocking PI3K prevented strain-stimulated ERK and p38 phosphorylation. Blocking AKT did not. Downstream, blocking PI3K, AKT, or ERK inhibited strain-induced GSK-Ser9 phosphorylation. Upstream of AKT, reducing FAK or Rac1 by siRNA blocked strain-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, but inhibiting Src by PP2 or siRNA did not. Transfection with FAK point mutants at Tyr397, Tyr576/577, or Tyr925 demonstrated that only FAK925 phosphorylation is required for strain-stimulated AKT phosphorylation. Myosin light chain activation by strain required FAK, Rac1, PI3K, AKT, GSK, and ERK but not Src or p38. Finally, blebbistatin, a nonmuscle myosin II inhibitor, blocked the motogenic effect of strain downstream of myosin light chain. Thus strain stimulates intestinal epithelial migration across fibronectin by a complex pathway including Src, FAK, Rac1, PI3K, AKT, GSK, ERK, p38, myosin light chain, and myosin II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gayer
authors.forename: Lakshmi S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Shouye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alston
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Basson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000502:physiology*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases