title: DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode in the elderly: the relationship between the number and the type of depressive symptoms and impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of studies that assess whether the DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE) that use a diagnostic threshold are valid for the elderly and whether each symptom of depression contributes equally to impairment in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing is a population-based epidemiological survey which utilized the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument to diagnose MDE. Analyses were based on the survey respondents who endorsed either (or both) the "depressed mood" or "loss of interest" core MDE symptoms (60+ years, n=278; 40+ years, n=1020). A series of multivariate linear regression analyses were run to assess the relationship between the number and the type of depressive symptoms and five measures of impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For those aged 60+ years, a linear relationship alone was observed for the relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and each of the five measures but not all symptoms of depression were equal predictors of impairment; loss of energy was the most consistent predictor. When the regression analyses were repeated using respondents aged 40+ years, consistent significant interactions between age and individual symptoms of depression were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dimensionality of MDE is assessed focusing solely on symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data illustrate the apparent dimensional structure of MDE and the differential impact of depressive symptoms on impairment in an elderly sub-sample. There was little support for systematic age-dependent changes. Adjustments to the diagnostic criteria of MDE may not require age-dependent distinctions.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia. tracya@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Perminder S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sachdev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index