title: Effects of menopause and hormone therapy on erythrocyte deformability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The climacteric disturbance seen among perimenopausal women often includes symptoms related to poor microcirculation. This hemorheological condition plays an important role in the hemodynamism of microcirculation. Specifically, erythrocyte deformability is considered to be one of the most significant factors in determining this hemorheological condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study investigated the level of erythrocyte deformability in four groups of women: namely, 10 healthy premenopausal women (PRE group), 25 postmenopausal women (POST group), 20 postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy (ET group) who received conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/day, and 20 postmenopausal women on estrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT group) who received conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/day plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/day. The erythrocyte deformability score (EDS), measured by the Micro Channel Array Flow Analyzer, was determined as an index of erythrocyte deformability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean EDS for the POST group was significantly higher (mean +/- SE, 1.02 +/- 0.04) (P < 0.01) than that for the PRE group (0.78 +/- 0.05). The mean EDS for the ET group (0.88 +/- 0.03) was significantly lower than that for the POST group and close to that of the PRE group. There was no difference in the EDS values between the ET group and the EPT group (0.87 +/- 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that erythrocyte deformability may worsen with the decrease in the estrogen level because of the onset of menopause, and also suggest that ET and EPT may allow it to recover.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. sakashit@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nobuzane
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate