title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery may be a useful tool for surgeons early in the learning curve performing total abdominal colectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated outcomes after hand-assisted (HALC) and straight laparoscopic (LC) techniques for the initial laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy (TAC) procedures performed by surgeons starting their laparoscopic careers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first eight HALC cases of two surgeons performing TAC by this technique (Group A) were compared with the first (Group B) and last eight (Group C) TAC cases of three surgeons performing LC. Groups A and B were compared with a matched group of open total colectomy cases (Group D) and to the eight cases performed by an experienced surgeon (Group E). Demographics, intra-operative and postoperative outcomes including operation time, morbidity, conversion and readmission rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) were compared using Wilcoxon or Chi-squared tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographics of the patients were similar. Groups A, B C and E had similar operating time (P = 0.10) which was significantly longer than Group D (P < 0.0001). Morbidity (P = 0.75) and readmission rates were similar (P = 0.89). Conversion rate was significantly higher for Group B (Group B: 41.7%vs Group A: 0%, P = 0.008), in the early period. LOS was comparable between minimally invasive groups but significantly shorter than open surgery group (P = 0.0005). For Groups A and C, operating time (P = 0.55), conversion rate (P = 0.11), morbidity (P = 0.83) and LOS (P = 0.12) were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy may be associated with a significantly shorter learning curve for TAC as results are better than early LC and comparable with LC performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. It may be a better option for surgeons early in their laparoscopic career.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult