title: The analysis of halogenated flame retardants by GC-HRMS in environmental samples.
abstract: The analytical conditions required to determine polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and a variety of other halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in environmental samples are reported. HRMS can be used to analyze brominated diphenylethers (BDEs), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) as well as for a number of other emerging HFRs like allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE), 2-bromoallyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (BATE), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), octabromotrimethylphenylindane (OBIND), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO), tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocylcooctane (TBCO), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB), and bis(2-ethly-1-hexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP). The detection in environmental matrices and use of these non-BDE flame retardants is reviewed. A method for the analysis of PBDEs by isotope dilution HRMS and 16 other halogenated compounds primarily used as flame retardants is reported. A survey of selected environmental samples, which included Lake Ontario surface and tributary sediments, municipal wastewater effluent, sludge, and mussel tissues, detected PBDEs, DP, DBDPE, BTBPE, PBEB, BB-153, and HBB.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Lab Services Branch, Toronto ON, Canada M9P 3V6.
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kolic
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fayez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gobran
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D007554:Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000737:chemistry; D009864:Ontario; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D007554:Isotopes; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012722:Sewage