title: Effect of neonatal clomipramine in the pathogenesis of ligature-induced periodontitis in Lewis rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify the association between an endogenous depression model and the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male Lewis rats received 30 mg/kg clomipramine from neonatal day 8 to day 21 (depressed group), while 13 control Lewis rats were left untouched (control group). On day 150, ligatures were placed around the 2nd upper molars in both groups, i.e. the contralateral molar of the intra-group control. On day 190, the rats were killed and the maxillae were defleshed. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured by a blinded examiner using standardized digital photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depressed rats showed hyperactivity in open field on day 142 and greater attempts to escape on day 143 compared to controls. The other behavioral data did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (Mann-Whitney, p>0.05). In teeth with ligature, mean alveolar bone loss varied from 0.51 to 0.60 and from 0.63 to 0.64 mm for tests and controls, respectively (t-test, p>0.05). In teeth without ligature, these values varied from 0.38 to 0.43 and 0.42 to 0.45 mm in the test and control groups, respectively (t-test, p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induced depression did not alter ligature-induced bone loss in Lewis rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil. Rösing
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Soletti
authors.forename: Eduardo Jose
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gaio
authors.forename: Cassiano Kuchenbecker
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rosing
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D002997:Clomipramine