title: Enhanced decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Scarlet R by using developed microbial consortium-GR.
abstract: A developed consortium-GR, consisting of Proteus vulgaris NCIM-2027 (PV) and Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM-2168 (MG), completely decolorized an azo dye Scarlet R under static anoxic condition with an average decolorization rate of 16,666 microg h(-1); which is much faster than that of the pure cultures (PV, 3571 microg h(-1); MG, 2500 microg h(-1)). Consortium-GR gave best decolorization performance with nearly complete mineralization of Scarlet R (over 90% TOC and COD reduction) within 3h, much shorter relative to the individual strains. Induction in the riboflavin reductase and NADH-DCIP reductase was observed in the consortium, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes during the fast decolorization process. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis showed that 1,4-benzenediamine was formed during decolorization/degradation of Scarlet R by consortium-GR. Phytotoxicity studies revealed no toxicity of the biodegraded products of Scarlet R by consortium-GR. In addition, consortium-GR applied for mixture of industrial dyes showed 88% decolorization under static condition with significant reduction in TOC (62%) and COD (68%) within 72 h, suggesting potential application of this microbial consortium in bioremediation of dye-containing wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004 (MS), India.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Saratale
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Saratale
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kalyani
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Govindwar
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011514:Proteus vulgaris / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013783:Textile Industry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen