title: Minimally invasive colon resection is associated with a transient increase in plasma sVEGFR1 levels and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels during the early postoperative period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are elevated for 2-4 weeks after minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR). VEGF induces wound and tumor angiogenesis by binding to endothelial cell (EC)-bound VEGF-receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2. Soluble receptors (sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2) sequester VEGF in the blood and decrease VEGF's proangiogenic effect. The importance of the MICR-related VEGF changes depends on the effect of surgical procedures on sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2; this study assessed levels of these proteins after MICR for benign indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken (n=39) preoperatively (preop) and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 3; in most cases a fourth sample was drawn between POD 7 and 30. sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects free and VEGF bound soluble receptor. Late samples were bundled into POD 7-13 and POD 14-30 time points. Results are reported as mean and standard deviation. The data was assessed with paired-samples t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preop, mean plasma sVEGFR2 level (9,203.7+/-1,934.3 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the sVEGFR1 value (132.5+/-126.2 pg/ml). sVEGFR2 levels were significantly lower on POD 1 (6,957.8+/-1,947.7 pg/ml,) and POD 3 (7,085.6+/-2,000.2 pg/ml), whereas sVEGFR1 levels were significantly higher on POD 1 (220.0+/-132.8 pg/ml) and POD 3 (182.7+/-102.1 pg/ml) versus preop results. No differences were found on POD 7-13 or 14-30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sVEGFR2 values decreased and sVEGFR1 levels increased early after MICR; due to its much higher baseline, the sVEGFR2 changes dominate. The net result is less VEGF bound to soluble receptor and more free plasma VEGF.
authors.affiliation: Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Columbia Campus), 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. sk2675@columbia.edu
authors.forename: H M C
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shantha Kumara
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cabot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luchtefeld
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kalady
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feingold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: R Larry
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Whelan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2