Identification of nonregulated pollutants in North Sea-produced water discharges.
Produced water collected from oil and gas platforms on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf was characterized for nonregulated pollutants through an effects-directed analysis procedure. Produced water samples were characterized for the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) agonists using the dioxin-responsive, chemical-activated luciferase gene expression assay (DR-CALUX) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassays. The AhR and ER agonists were then isolated by normal-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography and identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in a number of formats. The identified compounds were cross-referenced with those compounds routinely analyzed and regarded by the Oslo and Paris (OSPAR) Commission for the North East Atlantic as priority hazardous substances. The occurrence in produced water of a number of nonregulated compounds with demonstrable potential environmental effects is presented, to our knowledge for the first time. These include persistent organic contaminants, such as hexachlorobenzene, decachlorobiphenyl, and octachlorodibenzofuran.
Balaam
Jan L
JL
Center for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, United Kingdom.
Chan-Man
Yin
Y
Roberts
Paul H
PH
Thomas
Kevin V
KV
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000819:agonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008156:Luciferases