title: Burden and etiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in a hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia: 1993-2005.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the Middle East, some evidence suggests marked declines in cases of H. influenzae type b infection where conjugate vaccines were introduced. This study examined the causative agents of bacterial meningitis in Saudi Arabia over time in both children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1993 to December 2005 there was a total 179 cases of meningitis, of which 63 (35.2%) were bacterial meningitis, 37 (20.7%) partially treated, and 79 (44.1%) which were considered viral in origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual incidence rates of bacterial meningitis were 0.48-2.8 per 100,000 population, with an overall insignificant decline over the study period (P=0.8). There were 37 males and 26 females (ratio: 1.4:1) with an age range of <1 month to 72 years and a median age of 2 years. Of the total number of patients, 22.2% (n=14) were 1-23 months and 39.7% (n=25) were 2-18 years of age. The causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%, n=22), Haemophilus influenzae type b (22.2%, n=14), Neisseria meningitides (15.9%, n=10), Group B streptococci (7.9%, n=5), and 19% (n=12) were other organisms. Of H. influenzae type b cases, 57% (n=8) were in children one year of age and 78.6% (n=11) were in the years 1993-1999. The rates of H. influenzae meningitis cases in the periods of 1993-1999 and 2000-2005 were 4.2 and 1.2 per 100,000 population, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a drop in the number of cases of H. influenzae type b, but it was not statistically significant, and might be related to the small sample size.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine Specialty Services, Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. jaffar.tawfi q@aramco.com
authors.forename: Jaffar A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Al-Tawfiq
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abukhamsin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification