title: The effects of dietary patterns on urinary albumin excretion: results of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary studies designed to decrease the urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) typically reduce protein by increasing lower protein plant foods and decreasing higher protein animal products.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated AER while increasing protein intake in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial (randomized, parallel group, 8 week controlled feeding).
  
  
  METHODS
  378 individuals without diabetes with prehypertension or stage I hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DASH diet, 18% energy from protein, emphasizes, among other features, low-fat dairy products; and the fruit/vegetable (FV) and control diets, each with 15% energy from protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AER.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured AER by using immunoassay and covariates at baseline and after 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline AER had a geometric mean value of 4.0 +/- 0.2 (SE) mg/24 h. In 285 participants with baseline AER less than 7 mg/24 h, AER was unchanged by diet treatment (geometric mean, 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg/24 h in the control diet, 3.0 +/- 0.2 mg/24 h in the FV diet, and 2.8 +/- 0.2 mg/24 h in the DASH diet). Conversely, in 93 participants with baseline AER of 7 mg/24 h or greater, end-of-feeding AER was lower in the FV diet (6.6 +/- 1.0 mg/24 h) than in the control (11.4 +/- 1.8 mg/24 h; P = 0.01) or DASH diets (11.7 +/- 1.6 mg/24 h; P = 0.005). The DASH and control diets were not different (P = 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term AER change not studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in AER after 8 weeks occurred in only those with high-normal baseline AER in the FV diet, in a pattern distinct from the blood pressure decrease. The DASH diet did not increase AER despite a 3% increase in energy from protein.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. jacob004@umn.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Myron D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Steffes
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Svetkey
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Conlin
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sacks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014675:Vegetables