title: High prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in spite of a very low clinical damage index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) stratified according to SLE-related organ damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We selected SLE patients without clinically overt CV events (n=45, 56% with SLICC=0, 44% with SLICC=1-4). CV evaluation was performed using cardiac and vascular echo-Doppler techniques. Post-ischemic flow-mediated dilation (FMD) over nitroglycerine-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery <0.70 defined endothelial dysfunction. The prevalence of preclinical CV abnormalities (CVAbn, including at least one of the following-carotid atherosclerosis, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, low arterial compliance, LV wall motion abnormalities, aortic regurgitation, FMD/NMD<0.70)-was 64% (16/25) in patients with SLICC=0 and 80% (16/20) in those with SLICC>0 (p=not significant (NS)). In particular, the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (28% vs. 16%), of LV hypertrophy (12% vs. 6%) and of LV wall motion abnormalities (15% vs. 12%), of low global arterial compliance (18% vs. 10%), prevalence of aortic regurgitation (30% vs. 18%) and/or aortic valve fibrosclerosis (10% vs. 8%), FMD<10% (14+/-5% vs. 14%+/-6) and prevalence of FMD/NMD<0.70 (53% vs. 52%) were comparable in SLE patients with SLICC>0 and in those with SLICC=0 (all p=NS). Of the SLE patients without carotid atherosclerosis, LV hypertrophy, low arterial compliance, LV wall motion abnormalities and aortic regurgitation (n=17), endothelial dysfunction was detected in 50% of those with SLICC=0 (6/12) and in 40% of those with SLICC>0 (2/5, p=NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLE patients with SLICC=0 often have an elevated CV risk profile due to subclinical manifestations of CV disease detectable by cardiac and vascular echo-Doppler evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cardiology, Ospedale dei Pellegrini, ASL Napoli 1, Naples, Italy. vpalmier@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Migliaresi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orefice
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: M N D
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Di Minno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003187:Compliance; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014664:Vasodilation; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin