title: Staphylococcus aureus and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a tumor with greatly increased incidence among immunosuppressed patients; therefore, an infectious cause of SCC has long been sought. We performed a hospital-based case-control study of Staphylococcus aureus and biopsies of SCC (n = 82), basal cell carcinoma (n = 142), actinic keratosis (n = 57), and seborrhoeic keratosis (n = 72) in comparison with biopsies from healthy skin of these 353 immunocompetent patients. In a S. aureus-specific PCR, targeting the nuc gene, presence of S. aureus DNA was strongly associated with SCC (29.3% positive specimens; adjusted odds ratio, 6.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.10-12.53) compared with healthy skin (5.7% positive specimens). There was also a tendency for association of S. aureus with actinic keratosis, but no association was found for basal cell carcinoma or seborrhoeic keratosis. Analysis using cotton swab samples taken on top of the lesions and from healthy skin gave similar results (adjusted odds ratio for SCC compared with healthy skin, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-4.83). In conclusion, there is a strong association between SCC and presence of S. aureus. The study design used cannot determine whether the association implies that presence of S. aureus might influence carcinogenesis or whether it may imply that SCC has an increased susceptibility to S. aureus colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kullander
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Forslund
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000382:microbiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000382:microbiology; D017492:Keratosis, Seborrheic / Q000382:microbiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial