title: The impact of cytokines on the expression of drug transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and chemokine receptors in human PBMC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The function of transporters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been characterized, but less is known about cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme function in these cells. Given that cytokines are dysregulated in many diseases, the purpose of this work was to assess the impact of cytokines on the expression of CYPs, transporters and chemokine receptors in PBMC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human PBMC were incubated with cytokines for 48 h. ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1, ABCC1, ABCC2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CXCR4 and CCR5 expression were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry at 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h. Enzyme activity was assessed using fluorescent probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show here functional activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in PBMC. Furthermore, cytokines had a significant impact on the mRNA and protein expression of all proteins. For example, interleukin-2 (IL-2) had a marked impact on ABCB1 mRNA (% control 4745 +/- 11961) and protein (% control 200 +/- 57). Increases in drug efflux transporter expression, in response to cytokines, resulted in reduced cellular accumulation of digoxin [decrease of 17% and 26% for IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) respectively] and saquinavir (decrease of 28% and 30% for IL-2 and IFNgamma respectively). The degree to which drug transporter and chemokine receptor expression changed in response to cytokines was positively correlated (e.g. ABCB1 and CXCR4, r(2) = 0.545).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data have important implications for diseases in which cytokines are dysregulated and for which pharmacological intervention targets immune cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, UK. neill.liptrott@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Liptrott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penny
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sathish
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D065692:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D004077:Digoxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D065692:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D004077:Digoxin; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585599:CYP2B6 protein, human; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D019258:Saquinavir