title: Exploitation of De Novo helper-lipids for effective gene delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In gene delivery, a fusogenic lipid such as dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) which is a component of cationic liposomal vector is important factor for effective transfection efficiency. We investigated the effect of penetration enhancers as alternative helper-lipids to DOPE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transdermal penetraion enhancers such as N-lauroylsarcosine (LS), (R)-(+)-limonene (LM), vitamin E (VE), and phosphatidyl choline from eggs (EggPC) were used in this experiments as helper-lipids with N-[1-(2, 3-dioleyloxy) propyl]-N, N, N-trimethlylammonium chloride (DOTMA) and cholesterol (CHOL). We examined in vitro transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and in vivo transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA/cationic liposomes complexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In transfection experiments in vitro, the cationic lipoplexes containing LS had highest transfection efficiency among the other lipoplexes independently of FBS. Furthermore, the lipoplexes containing LS had lowest cell toxicity among the other lipoplexes in the presence of FBS. As the results of erythrocytes interaction experiment, DOTMA/LS/CHOL, DOTMA/VE/CHOL, and DOTMA/EggPC/CHOL lipoplexes showed extremely lower hematotoxicity. On the basis of these results, the in vivo transfection efficiencies of the lipoplexes were examined. The lipoplexes containing LS had the highest transfection activity among the other lipoplexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, several transdermal penetration enhancers are available for alternative helper-lipids to DOPE in cationic liposomal vectors. Among them, DOTMA/LS/CHOL lipoplexes showed superior characteristics in in vitro transfection efficiency, cell toxicity, hematotoxicity, and in vivo transfection efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Mugen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Koyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Mikiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hukuchi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C054005:N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine