title: Neuropsychological functioning in children with non-syndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate neuropsychological functioning in children with non-syndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) through profile variance within type of cleft and comparisons to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children ages 7 to 17 years participated; 66 had a diagnosis of NSCL/P and 87 were healthy controls. Neuropsychological tests of language, visual-perceptual, executive functioning, and memory skills were administered. Between- and within-group differences were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within cleft types, children with NSCLP had an even profile with equal Verbal and Performance IQ (VIQ and PIQ, respectively). Children with non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCP) had significantly lower VIQ than PIQ, while children with non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCL) showed a nonsignificant trend for higher VIQ than PIQ. Overall, subjects with NSCL/P performed lower on measures of expressive language and verbal memory than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While deficits in verbal and memory skills for children with NSCL/P remain apparent, there is still uncertainty around the possible influence of cleft type on the pattern of deficits.
authors.affiliation: The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Psychiatry Research, and University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Amy-L-Conrad@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Amy Lynn
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopoulos
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests