title: Principles of facial trauma: orbital fracture management.
abstract: Often, complex, optimal management of the orbital fracture is directly dependent on thorough initial evaluation, correct injury assessment, and timely initiation of chosen therapy. Most often, secondary to assault or motor vehicle collision, these fractures are frequently associated with additional traumatic injury. With recent advances in imaging, alloplastic materials, and bone fixation technology, the evolution of orbital fracture management now enables reconstruction of even the most severe injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hollier
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials