title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus using the dried blood spot method in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: An assay of everolimus based on finger prick sampling and consecutive application as a blood spot on sampling paper has been developed. We explored several methods [K. Hoogtanders, J. van der Heijden, M. Christiaans, P. Edelbroek, J. van Hooff, L. Stolk, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 44 (2006) 658-664; A. Allanson, M. Cotton, J. Tettey, et al., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 44 (2007) 963-969] and developed a new method, namely the impregnation of sampling paper with a solution of plasma-protein, formic acid and ammonium acetate, in combination with the extraction of the blood spot by filter filtration. This kind of sample preparation provides new possibilities for blood spot sampling especially if analytes are adsorbed to the paper. The dried blood spot was analysed using the HPLC-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry method, with 32-desmethoxyrapamycin as the internal standard. The working range of our study was 2-30 microg/l. Within this range, intra-and inter-assay variability for precision and accuracy was <15%. Everolimus blood spot samples proved stable for 3 days at 60 degrees C and for 32 days at 4 degrees C. Everolimus concentrations of one stable out-patient were compared after both blood spot sampling and conventional venous sampling on various occasions. Results indicate that this new method is promising for therapeutic drug monitoring in stable renal transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht, University Hospital, The Netherlands. j.vander.heijden@mumc.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: de Beer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoogtanders
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christiaans
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neef
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stolk
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D000068338:Everolimus; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068338:Everolimus; D020123:Sirolimus