title: Differential analysis of mycoalexins in confrontation zones of grapevine fungal pathogens by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and capillary nuclear magnetic resonance.
abstract: An original approach was developed for the chemical and biological investigation of zone lines formed by the confrontation of fungi growing in confined spaces. Two wood-decaying fungi involved in esca disease, Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria obtusa, were grown in Petri dishes. Metabolic profiles of pure fungal strains and confrontation zones were differentially analyzed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS). Selected metabolites induced by the confrontation were isolated and characterized by capillary NMR (CapNMR) at the submilligram level. Fungitoxic and phytotoxic assays were applied to the crude extracts and isolated molecules. While the extracts of pure strains were inactive, the extract from confrontation zones exhibited significant activities. A very strongly induced compound, O-methylmellein, may explain these toxic properties. The developed approach demonstrates the use of fungal confrontations as an original source of bioactive molecules and gives new insights into the study of esca disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glauser
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gindro
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fringeli
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: De Joffrey
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudaz
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wolfender
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D049934:Isocoumarins / Q000633:toxicity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000382:microbiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D006540:Herbicides; D049934:Isocoumarins; D009183:Mycotoxins; C102200:eutypine