title: Precision of shoulder anatomical landmark calibration by two approaches: a CAST-like protocol and a new anatomical palpator method.
abstract: The objective of the study was to compare the precision of shoulder anatomical landmark palpation using a CAST-like method and a newly developed anatomical palpator device (called A-Palp) using the forefinger pulp directly. The repeated-measures experimental design included four examiners that twice repeated measurements on eleven scapula and humerus anatomical landmarks during two sessions. Inter-session and inter-examiner precision was determined on volunteers. A-Palp accuracy was obtained from in vitro measurements and using virtual palpation on 3D bone models. Error propagation on the motion representation was also analyzed for a continuous motion of abduction movement performed in the shoulder joint. Palpation results showed that CAST and A-Palp methods lead to similar precision with the Maximal A-Palp calibration error being 1.5mm. In vivo precision of the CAST and A-Palp methods varied between 4mm (inter-session) and 8mm (inter-examiner). Mean propagation of the palpation error on the motion graph representation was 2 degrees and 5 degrees for scapula and humerus, respectively. A-Palp accuracy was 3.6 and 8.1mm for scapula and humerus, respectively. The A-Palp seems promising and could probably become an additional method next to today's marker-based motion analysis systems (i.e., Helen-Hayes configuration, CAST method).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Belgium. salviap@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salvia
authors.forename: S Van Sint
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crouan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanderkerken
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moiseev
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sholukha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahieu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooze
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology