title: Extended storage of whole blood before the preparation of blood components: in vitro effects on red blood cells in Erythro-Sol environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Routine procedures for extended storage of whole blood (WB) before the preparation of blood components are of interest primarily for logistical reasons. We stored red cell units in either Erythro-Sol 2 (E-Sol 2, test units, 150 ml added) or in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAG-M) (reference units, 100 ml added) that were prepared after storage of WB at room temperature for 8, 12, 16 or 19 h after blood collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red blood cells were stored for 42 days. We measured pH, glucose, lactate, haemolysis, red blood cell adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haematocrits were significantly lower in E-Sol 2 than in SAG-M due to the higher volume of E-Sol 2 added compared to SAG-M. Significantly reduced levels were found in E-Sol 2 of extracellular pH (throughout storage after 8-h hold and initially after 12-, 16- or 19-h hold), of lactate (initially after 8-h hold and throughout storage after 12-, 16- or 19-h hold), and of haemolysis from day 35 in the 8-h and on day 42 in the 12-h hold group. Significantly increased levels of adenosine triphosphate were seen in E-Sol 2 after 8-h hold (from day 14) and after 12-h hold (at days 21, 35 and 42) compared to SAG-M. Significantly higher concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate were noticed primarily after 8-h hold of WB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of E-Sol 2 as a replacement for SAG-M does not significantly improve in vitro data after extended storage of WB at room temperature before preparation of blood components. However, after 8-h hold in vitro characteristics similar to or better than in fresh blood will be maintained for several weeks in E-Sol 2, a situation that makes E-Sol 2 superior to SAG-M when storage of WB is limited to 8 h. Some improvement was noted after 12-h hold as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. hans.gulliksson@karolinska.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulliksson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vesterinen
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Payrat
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mayaudon
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors