title: The NS4A protein of hepatitis C virus promotes RNA-coupled ATP hydrolysis by the NS3 helicase.
abstract: Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is an essential replicative component of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a member of the DExH/D-box family of proteins. The C-terminal region of NS3 (NS3hel) exhibits RNA-stimulated NTPase and helicase activity, while the N-terminal serine protease domain of NS3 enhances RNA binding and unwinding by NS3hel. The nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) binds to the NS3 protease domain and serves as an obligate cofactor for NS3 serine protease activity. Given its role in stimulating protease activity, we sought to determine whether NS4A also influences the activity of NS3hel. Here we show that NS4A enhances the ability of NS3hel to bind RNA in the presence of ATP, thereby acting as a cofactor for helicase activity. This effect is mediated by amino acids in the C-terminal acidic domain of NS4A. When these residues are mutated, one observes drastic reductions in ATP-coupled RNA binding and duplex unwinding by NS3. These same mutations are lethal in HCV replicons, thereby establishing in vitro and in vivo that NS4A plays an important role in the helicase mechanism of NS3 and its function in replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Rudolf K F
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Beran
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lindenbach
authors.forename: Anna Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pyle
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020365:RNA Helicases; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C084422:NS3 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases; C455041:NS4A cofactor peptide, Hepatitis C virus