title: Highland dance: heart-rate and blood lactate differences between competition and class.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study looked at the physiological effects of performance in Highland-dance competition to consider whether the traditional methods used during class and rehearsal provide an appropriate training stimulus toward this performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine championship standard, female Highland dancers (age 14.2 +/- 1.47 years) had their heart rate and blood lactate concentrations measured before and after 3 dances during a championship competition. Heart rate was also measured during the same 3 dances in rehearsal and during class.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in predance lactate concentrations between the first dance (Highland Fling, 1.4 +/- 0.3 mM/L), the second dance (Sword dance, 2.3 +/- 0.8 mM/L), and the third dance (Sean Truibhas, 3.5 +/- 1.8 mM/L; F2,16 = 11.72, P < .01. This, coupled with a significant rise in lactate concentration during the dances (F1,8 = 76.75, P < .001), resulted in a final postdance lactate concentration of 7.3 +/- 2.96 mM/L. Heart-rate data during competition, rehearsal, and class (195.0 +/- 6.5, 172.6 +/- 5.4, and 151.9 +/- 7.4 beats/min, respectively) showed significant differences between all 3 (F2,16 = 107.1, P < .001); these are comparable to research on other dance forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the disparity between the anaerobic predominance of competition and the aerobic predominance during class, it is suggested that the class does not provide an appropriate training stimulus as preparation for competitive performance in Highland dance.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Sport Sciences, Roehampton University, London, England.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyon
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Head
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003615:Dancing / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid