title: Radiofrequency thermal ablation vs. percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RF) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) have been employed in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as curative treatments. The aim of the study was to review the available evidence comparing RF to PEI for small HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Cochrane, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, and ENBASE databases were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  randomized clinical trials evaluating RF vs. PEI. Data were extracted from each randomized controlled trial (RCT). Primary outcomes were overall survival and local recurrence. Meta-analysis software was used and risk differences (RDs) and their 95% confidence intervals and Q-test for heterogeneity were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five RCTs were identified including 701 patients. The overall survival was significantly higher in patients treated with RF than in those treated with PEI (RD 0.116, 95% CI 0.173/0.060; heterogeneity not present). Local recurrence rate is significantly higher in patients treated with PEI than in those treated with RF. In the RF group the 1, 2, and 3 years cancer-free survival rates were significantly better than in the PEI-treated patients (respectively: RD 0.098-95% CI 0.006/0.189; heterogeneity P=0.57; RD 0.187, 95% CI 0.082/0.293; heterogeneity P=0.98; RD 0.210, 95% CI 0.095/0.325; heterogeneity P = 0.78). A small number of adverse events were reported in the two treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF ablation is superior to PEI in the treatment of small HCC with respect to overall survival, 1, 2, and 3 years survival rates, 1, 2, and 3 cancer-free survival rates, and tumor response. RF shows a significantly smaller risk of local recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pneumology and Nutrition Clinic, V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, Piazza Mameli 1, Palermo, Italy. ambrogiorlando@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Ambrogio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leandro
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andriulli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cottone
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol