title: The impact of meloxicam on postsurgical stress associated with cautery dehorning.
abstract: The objectives were to determine the duration of the stress response associated with cautery dehorning and to assess the effectiveness of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam (Metacam, 20 mg/mL solution for injection) for reducing that response. Sixty Holstein heifer calves were blocked by age and randomly assigned to receive an i.m. injection of meloxicam or a placebo (0.5 mg/kg). All calves were given a lidocaine cornual nerve block delivered 5 mL per side 10 min before dehorning. To establish baseline values, calves were sham dehorned 24 h before actual dehorning. Blood samples were taken via indwelling jugular catheters at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after the procedure. Heart and respiratory rates were also taken at these times. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Analysis of covariance was employed to assess the difference between sham and dehorning at each time period. Dehorning was associated with elevated serum cortisol (d -1: 33.9 +/- 1.26; d 0: 46.2 +/- 2.33 nmol/L) and heart rate (d -1: 108 +/- 1.8; d 0: 109.4 +/- 2.4 beats per minute) in both groups for 24 h, and elevated respiratory rate (sham: 42.2 +/- 1.95 vs. dehorning: 45.1 +/- 2.19 respirations per minute) in both groups for 6 h. A treatment x time interaction was found for cortisol, with meloxicam calves having lower serum cortisol than controls until 6 h after dehorning (meloxicam: 49.7 +/- 4.37 vs. control: 63.0 +/- 6.94 nmol/L). There was no difference between the treatment groups at 24 h (meloxicam: 35.2 +/- 2.74 and control: 34.8 +/- 3.64 nmol/L of cortisol). Overall, the changes in heart rates (increase meloxicam: 3.74 +/- 0.96 vs. control: 4.70 +/- 1.87) and respiratory rates (increase meloxicam: 2 +/- 0.1 vs. control: 4 +/- 0.2) were greater in the control group compared with the meloxicam group. These results indicate that meloxicam reduced the physiological stress response to dehorning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lissemore
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Squires
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Millman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002425:Cautery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006733:Horns / Q000601:surgery*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D000077239:Meloxicam; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077239:Meloxicam; D006854:Hydrocortisone