title: Endoscopic subureteral injection for vesicoureteral reflux and the risk of overtreatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) overtreatment was anticipated following introduction of endoscopic treatment (ET). New tool reduces hospitalization and patients discom-fort, with good results and parental preferences may prevail on questions about benefits of treatment. The authors analyzed two series of patients to evaluate impact of ET on management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty-four patients were selected; group A (90 cases) were observed and treated before adoption of ET. Group B included 174 patients who benefited of ET (Deflux). Treatment started from grade III (infections or renal damage). Lower refluxes were treated only in association to an higher grade in the other kidney. 81 ureters were reinplanted in Group A (92% success rate); 67 ureters were reinplanted in group B (98% sr) and 115 had a ET (89% sr). Rate of treatment, time of follow up and age at operation were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in order to reflux grade distribution, treatment rate and time spent waiting for spontaneous before reinplant or ET. ET was a first choice procedure, for grade III, in group B. Reinplant continued to have a role for grade IV cases, which responded to ET in 85%, and for grade V. Spontaneous resolution was observed respectively in 29% and 30% (grade III) and 13% and 7% (grade IV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite ET is accessible and effective, there are no evidences that extensive indications are of any benefit. Enthusiasm for new tools must be submitted to the need for long term, prospective studies to support our indications.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery and Urology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy. a.calisti@tiscali.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calisti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oriolo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perrotta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spagnol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabbri
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012307:Risk Factors; D014513:Ureter; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C094535:deflux; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid