title: Relation between animal-type melanoma and reduced nuclear expression of glutathione S-transferase pi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal-type melanoma (ATM) is a rare variant of the tumor showing diffuse, heavily pigmented neoplastic cells in the dermis. Despite the high mean thickness of the lesions, reports seem to indicate a less aggressive behavior and a better survival rate for ATM compared with conventional melanoma, but the underlying pathways related to this favorable outcome are still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five women and 2 men aged 20 to 92 years presented with pigmented skin nodules (n = 5) or plaques (n = 2), varying in size from 1.0 to 4.5 cm. Findings from microscopic examination showed monotypic-appearing melanocytes with abundant intracytoplasmic melanin in a nodular or fascicular arrangement (mean Breslow thickness, 4.97 mm). Immunohistochemical analysis of ATM cells demonstrated the typical positive staining for S-100, vimentin, HMB-45, and melan-A. The investigation of the pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase, a family of enzymes involved in tumor progression, revealed that nuclear expression is reduced in ATMs compared with control melanomas, whereas results from cytoplasmic staining did not vary. One patient died of cardiac failure without evidence of disease progression; the remaining patients are disease-free at 3 (n = 4) and 5 years (n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that ATM is a variant of melanoma with distinctive clinical and histological features. Low nuclear expression of glutathione S-transferase pi expression is a characteristic of ATM and could add new insight to better understand the unusual biological behavior of this rare neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. orlandi@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campione
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlosio
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amantea
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chimenti
authors.forename: Luigi Giusto
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi