title: The medial amygdaloid nucleus modulates cardiovascular responses to acute restraint in rats.
abstract: The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) modulates several physiological and behavioral processes and among them, the cardiovascular correlates of behavioral responses to stressful stimuli. Acute restraint evokes cardiovascular responses, which are characterized by both elevated blood pressure (BP) and intense heart rate (HR) increase. We presently report effects of MeA pharmacological manipulations on BP and HR responses evoked by acute restraint in rats. Bilateral microinjection of 100 nL of the unspecific synaptic blocker CoCl(2) (1 mM) into the MeA increased HR response to acute restraint, without significant effect on the BP response. This result indicates an inhibitory influence of MeA on restraint-evoked HR changes. Injections of the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (3 nmol); the inhibitor of choline uptake hemicholinium (2 nmol) or the selective M(1)-receptor antagonist pirenzepine (6 nmol) caused effects that were similar to those caused by cobalt. These results suggest that local cholinergic neurotransmission and M(1)-receptors mediate the MeA inhibitory influence on restraint-related HR responses. Pretreatment with the M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (4-Diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide-2 nmol) did not affect restraint-related cardiovascular responses, reinforcing the idea that M(1)-receptors mediate MeA-related inhibitory influence on restraint-evoked HR increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A T
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fortaleza
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: F M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride