title: Bisphenol A effects on the growing mouse oocyte are influenced by diet.
abstract: Growing evidence suggests that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has the ability to disrupt several different stages of oocyte development. To date, most attention has focused on the effects of BPA on the periovulatory oocyte, and considerable variation is evident in the results of these studies. In our own laboratory, variation in the results of BPA studies conducted at different times appeared to correlate with changes in mill dates of animal feed. This observation, coupled with reports by others that dietary estrogens in feed are a confounding variable in studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, prompted us to evaluate the effect of diet on the results of BPA studies of the periovulatory oocyte. Genetically identical females were placed on a high- or low-phytoestrogen diet prior to mating. Their female offspring were exposed to BPA, oocytes collected, and meiotic spindle and chromosome characteristics compared between control and BPA-treated females. We observed significant diet-related variation in both the frequency of abnormalities in oocytes from untreated females and in the response to BPA. Our results demonstrate that the impact of BPA on meiosis depends, at least in part, on diet. We suggest that variation in the conclusions of recent BPA studies reflects differences in the diets used, as well as other methodological differences. Because meiotic disturbances are a feature of all studies to date, however, we conclude that low levels of BPA adversely affect the meiotic process.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Ailene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhlhauser
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susiarjo
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: Galen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorence
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hassold
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004032:Diet; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D010636:Phenols; D048789:Phytoestrogens; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds