title: [Relationship between the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells and the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 and inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on epithelial-myofibroblast transition (EMT) of HK-2 cells and changes in expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id) 2, Id3.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cultured HK-2 cells were co-treated with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) (5 ng/ml) and VEGF165 (0.1, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml), or with TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) and VEGF receptor-1 neutralized antibody (10 microg/ ml), and were also co-treated with TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) and VEGF165 (100 ng/ml) with or without activin receptor-like kinase 6 (Alk6)/Fc Chimera (2 microg/ml, to neutralize endogenous BMP-7) for 48 hours. mRNA and protein expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, BMP-7, Id2 and Id3 of HK-2 cells were assessed with double-stain immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal controls, alpha-SMA expression significantly increased, while E-cadherin, BMP-7, Id2, and Id3 mRNA and protein expressions markedly decreased in HK-2 cells treated with TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) (P < 0.05). VEGF165 interrupted TGF-beta1 induced alpha-SMA expression in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated BMP-7, Id2 mRNA and protein expressions of the cells (P < 0.05). alpha-SMA expression increased, while E-cadherin, BMP-7, and Id2 expressions decreased further in HK-2 cells co-treated with TGF-beta1 and VEGFR1 antibody compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). When endogenous BMP-7 was neutralized with Alk6/Fc Chimera in the cells co-treated with TGF-beta1 and VEGF165, alpha-SMA expression upregulated (P < 0.05), while Id2 was not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF165 may partially inhibit TGF-beta1-induced EMT of HK-2 cells in vitro. This effect is related to the upregulated expressions of BMP-7 and Id2. Id2 may be upregulated directly by VEGF165, but not related to BMP-7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Fa-Lei
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yao-Guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; C497450:ID2 protein, human; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C075640:ID3 protein, human