title: The importance of KRAS mutations and EGF61A>G polymorphism to the effect of cetuximab and irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies (mAb) in metastatic colorectal cancer seems limited to KRAS wild-type (wt) tumours, but still a major fraction of KRASwt patients are nonresponders and supplementary selection criteria are needed. We investigated methodological aspects of KRAS testing and the predictive and prognostic value of KRAS status combined with three EGFR-related gene polymorphisms [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] in patients treated with cetuximab and irinotecan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 71 patients referred to third-line cetuximab-irinotecan. Blood samples were analysed for SNPs. KRAS analysis was carried out by sequencing analysis and quantitative PCR (DxS kit) in primary tumour and distant metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a clear correlation between KRAS status in primary tumours and metastasis. The DxS kit presented the highest sensitivity. Response was confined to KRASwt patients (40% response rate versus 0%, P < 0.1(-3)), which translated into a significant difference in PFS. The EGF61A>G polymorphism showed relation to clinical outcome. A combined biomarker analysis showed a 19% progression rate in KRASwt-EGF61 homozygote patients and 60% in the EGF61A/G patients (P = 0.006) and a significant increase in overall survival (17.1 versus 5.9 months, log-rank, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined biomarker analysis maybe an attractive approach to selection of patients for third-line treatment including anti-EGFR mAbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Group South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Garm Spindler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallisgaard
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindebjerg
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crüger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000068818:Cetuximab; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018579:Patient Selection; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D000077146:Irinotecan; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins; D000068818:Cetuximab; D002166:Camptothecin