title: Sensorless control for a sophisticated artificial myocardial contraction by using shape memory alloy fibre.
abstract: The authors have been developing an artificial myocardium, which is capable of supporting natural contractile function from the outside of the ventricle. The system was originally designed by using sophisticated covalent shape memory alloy fibres, and the surface did not implicate blood compatibility. The purpose of our study on the development of artificial myocardium was to achieve the assistance of myocardial functional reproduction by the integrative small mechanical elements without sensors, so that the effective circulatory support could be accomplished. In this study, the authors fabricated the prototype artificial myocardial assist unit composed of the sophisticated shape memory alloy fibre (Biometal), the diameter of which was 100 microns, and examined the mechanical response by using pulse width modulation (PWM) control method in each unit. Prior to the evaluation of dynamic characteristics, the relationship between strain and electric resistance and also the initial response of each unit were obtained. The component for the PWM control was designed in order to regulate the myocardial contractile function, which consisted of an originally-designed RISC microcomputer with the input of displacement, and its output signal was controlled by pulse wave modulation method. As a result, the optimal PWM parameters were confirmed and the fibrous displacement was successfully regulated under the different heat transfer conditions simulating internal body temperature as well as bias tensile loading. Then it was indicated that this control theory might be applied for more sophisticated ventricular passive or active restraint by the artificial myocardium on physiological demand.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. shiraishi@idac.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yambe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umezu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imachi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasada
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Homma
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys