title: A new trend for the treatment of blepharoptosis: frontalis-orbicularis oculi muscle flap shortening technique.
abstract: Operation techniques for blepharoptosis have been a great challenge for plastic surgeons. Complications and recurrence in conventional operations of eyelid ptosis cannot be neglected. The finding of the close linkage between the longitudinal-oriented frontalis muscle (FM) and the horizontal-orientated orbicularis oculi (OOM) muscle convinced us of the efficacy to develop the dynamic and powerful Frontalis-Orbicularis Oculi Muscle (FOOM) flap-shortening technique which corrects blepharoptosis with good biomechanics in place of the traditional frontalis muscle sling. From January 2003 to September 2007, the FOOM flap shortening technique was applied on 35 ptotic eyelids of 31 patients, age ranging from 18 year to 77 years. All FOOM flaps were harvested and adjusted depending on the severity of the blepharoptosis. The follow up period ranged from 5 to 55 months. Thirty eyelids had good results, with the degree of ptosis less than 2mm. There were only five recurrent ptotic eyelids due to technical undercorrection. The estimation of resected length is measured when the FOOM flap is fully stretched and the length is approximately 22.0-23.0 mm for mild cases, 23.0-24.0 mm for moderate cases, and 25.0-26.0 mm for severe blepharoptosis. The FOOM flap-shortening technique was developed and corrected blepharoptosis with good results compared to conventional operation techniques. It achieves antagonistic equilibrium with ideal biomechanics by debilitating eye-closing power and enhancing eye-opening power.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ching-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Shu-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: I-Feng
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Kao-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Su-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sin-Daw
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome