title: CDK inhibitors selectively diminish cell cycle controlled activation of the histone H4 gene promoter by p220NPAT and HiNF-P.
abstract: Cell cycle progression into S phase requires the induction of histone gene expression to package newly synthesized DNA as chromatin. Cyclin E stimulation of CDK2 at the Restriction point late in G1 controls both histone gene expression by the p220(NPAT)/HiNF-P pathway and initiation of DNA replication through the pRB/E2F pathway. The three CDK inhibitors (CKIs) p21(CIP1/WAF1), p27(KIP1), and p57(KIP2) attenuate CDK2 activity. Here we find that gamma-irradiation induces p21(CIP1/WAF1) but not the other two CKIs, while reducing histone H4 mRNA levels but not histone H4 gene promoter activation by the p220(NPAT)/HiNF-P complex. We also show that p21(CIP1/WAF1) is less effective than p27(KIP1) and p57(KIP2) in inhibiting the CDK2 dependent phosphorylation of p220(NPAT) at subnuclear foci and transcriptional activation of histone H4 genes. The greater effectiveness of p57(KIP2) in blocking the p220(NPAT)/HiNF-P pathway is attributable in part to its ability to form a specific complex with p220(NPAT) that may suppress CDK2/cyclin E phosphorylation through direct substrate inhibition. We conclude that CKIs selectively control stimulation of the histone H4 gene promoter by the p220(NPAT)/HiNF-P complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Prachi N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ghule
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Deen
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Rong-Lin
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Keiichi I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: J Wade
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000528:radiation effects; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; C442219:HINFP protein, human; D006657:Histones; C101693:NPAT protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases