title: Declining incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby: 1996-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiology study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients included had cervical spine injuries causing neurological disorder classified from the ASIA scale, grade A to D. A retrospective review of all cases that occurred between the 1996-1997 and the 2005-2006 seasons was made. Circumstances of the injuries and of the clinical outcome were collected by interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 37 cases of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby for the last 10 years. The incidence of the cervical spine injuries decreased during this period. The rates of injury were 2.1 per 100,000 players per year during the 1996-1997 season and 1.4 during the 2005-2006 season (P < .01). The scrum was a major cause of injury, accounting for 51.3% (19/37). The forwards represented 89.2% (33/37) of the injured players. The hookers were involved in 37.8% (14/37) of the cases. The measures of prevention with the modification of the rules of scrum and the creation of a medical certificate required for players to play in the front row must have been successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of disabling cervical spine injuries in French rugby has decreased for the last 10 years, which is linked to the decreasing incidence of injuries in the scrum. This epidemiological study shows the effectiveness of the preventive measures on cervical spine injuries in French rugby players. A national register of catastrophic cervical spine injuries extends our epidemiological observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University of Paris VI, Paris, France. yobo@orange.fr
authors.forename: Yoann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bohu
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Julia
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bagate
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peyrin
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thoreux
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pascal-Moussellard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult