title: What about the partners of women with abnormal Pap or positive HPV tests?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because high-risk HPV is highly prevalent in the general population, usually transient, and rarely causes clinical symptoms, and because diagnostic and treatment options for HPV in men are lacking, partner notification is not useful for preventing transmission or protecting the health of male partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nationally representative survey of clinicians in 7 specialties that perform cervical cancer screening. Providers were asked whether they recommend that women with an abnormal Pap or positive HPV test inform sex partners of the infection or refer partners to a clinician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large proportion of providers in all 7 specialties encourage women with either an abnormal Pap or a positive HPV test to tell their sex partners to see a clinician, ranging from 48% to 73% across specialties. Providers who perform reflex HPV testing were more likely to recommend that patients with an ASCUS Pap inform their partners of test results if an HPV test was positive than if it was negative (66%-83% vs. 29%-50%); providers who perform adjunct HPV testing were more likely to recommend that patients with a normal Pap inform their partners if an HPV test was positive than if it was negative (72%-92% vs. 30%-52%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most providers advise patients with cervical cancer screening tests suggestive of HPV infection to notify their sex partners and to refer them to a clinician. Guidelines are needed for providers to clarify any rationale for clinical evaluation of male partners, including that informing partners has a limited role in the control of HPV transmission or in preventing adverse health outcomes in the male partner.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. khoover@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montaño
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kasprzyk
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greek
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogben
mesh_terms: D016358:Contact Tracing; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*