title: Favourable outcomes of patients with clinical stage T3N0M0 bladder cancer treated with induction low-dose chemo-radiotherapy plus partial or radical cystectomy vs immediate radical cystectomy: a single-institutional retrospective comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the role of neoadjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, by comparing retrospectively the oncological outcomes between a low-dose CRT (LCRT) plus partial cystectomy (PC) or radical cystectomy (RC) protocol and an immediate RC protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1997 to 2007, 119 patients with clinical stage T2-4aN0M0 bladder cancer received LCRT consisting of RT of 40 Gy in 4 weeks concurrently with two cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin (20 mg/day for 5 days) during the first and fourth week of RT. Subsequently, 24 (20%) and 65 patients (55%) had PC and RC, respectively, while 30 (25%) had no curative surgery; the median follow-up was 36 months. From 1983 to 1997, 73 patients had an immediate RC; 29 (41%) received cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and the median follow-up was 46 months. Oncological outcomes were compared retrospectively between these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate at 5 years was 75% and 61% for the LCRT protocol and immediate RC protocol, respectively (P = 0.11). In patients with clinical stage T3N0M0 the LCRT protocol gave significantly better survival rates than the immediate RC protocol, with 5-year CSS rates of 62% vs 27% (P = 0.006), while being comparable in those with clinical stage T2N0M0 disease (89% vs 88%, P = 0.84). In patients with clinical stage T3N0M0 the LCRT protocol provided a lower 5-year recurrence rate at distant sites than the immediate RC protocol (31% vs 62%, P = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LCRT plus PC or RC protocol gave significantly better survival rates than the historical, immediate RC protocol in patients with clinical stage T3N0M0 bladder cancer, suggesting that neoadjuvant CRT possibly has survival benefits for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan. f-koga.uro@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin