title: Health behaviors, nutritional status, and anthropometric parameters of Roma and non-Roma mothers and their infants in the Czech Republic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare maternal health behaviors, maternal nutritional status, and infant size at birth of Romas and non-Romas in the Czech Republic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal interviews and food frequency questionnaire, maternal blood samples, physical measurements of mothers and infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital, maternal/child care center; 2-4 days postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  76 Roma mothers and 151 mothers from the majority population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant length/weight; maternal height/weight; weight gain during pregnancy; duration of pregnancy; maternal smoking habits; dietary intake; use of food supplements during pregnancy; and maternal blood levels of folate, beta-carotene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of ethnic groups by 2-sample Wilcoxon test, chi-square, Fischer's exact test, relative risk, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy duration was about 1 week shorter in Roma women (P < .001), and their infants had lower birth weight (P < .001) and shorter length (P < .001). Prevalence of smoking was significantly higher among Roma mothers (P < .001). Roma women used food supplements less frequently than non-Roma women (P < .001) and had significantly lower mean blood concentrations of folate (P < .001), beta-carotene (P < .001), retinol (P < .02), and alpha-tocopherol (P < .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nutritional status of Roma mothers is worse than that of mothers from the majority Czech population. The dietary and smoking habits of pregnant Roma women should be of special concern to family doctors, obstetricians, nutrition educators, and social workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. jolana.rambouskova@lf3.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Jolana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rambousková
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dlouhý
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krízová
authors.forename: Bohumír
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Procházka
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hrncírová
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001724:Birth Weight; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D018153:Czech Republic; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000208:ethnology; D006178:Romani People / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid