title: Differential susceptibility to rearing experience: the case of childcare.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inconsistencies regarding developmental effects of non-maternal childcare may be caused by neglecting the possibility that children are differentially susceptible towards such experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interactions between difficult/negative child temperament and childcare type, quantity, and quality on teacher-rated behavior problems and social competence at 54 months and in kindergarten were investigated via multiple regression using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childcare quality interacted with infant negativity in predicting behavior problems and social competence, whereas effects of quantity and type were independent of child temperament. Consistent with Belsky's (1997) differential susceptibility hypothesis, children with difficult temperaments as infants exhibited both more behavior problems when faced with low quality care and fewer when experiencing high quality care than children with easy temperaments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negatively-emotional infants appear to be more affected by the quality of care they experience - both negatively and positively - than other young children.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pluess
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002654:Child Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013694:Temperament; D014481:United States