title: Risk factors and management of ascites after liver resection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for a massive amount of ascites after liver resection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma and to evaluate our postoperative management strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred three patients who underwent liver resection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence or absence of a large number of ascites (LA), defined as postoperative daily ascitic fluid drainage exceeding 10 mL per kilogram of body weight, and operative morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of ascites developed in 31 patients (15%). Multivariate analysis revealed that blood loss greater than 1000 mL (relative risk, 6.38; 95% confidence interval, 2.19-20.7; P = .001) and preoperative platelet count less than 100 x 10(3)/microL (4.75; 1.75-13.1; P = .002) independently increased the risk of LA. In patients with LA, urinary output on postoperative days 1 to 3 was significantly lower than in patients without LA, and daily ascitic fluid volume tended to peak on postoperative day 7. No operative mortality was related to liver failure; however, patients with LA required a larger volume of fresh frozen plasma than those without LA (median [range], 1600 [0-16 800] mL vs 480 [0-5760] mL; P < .001), resulting in higher hospital costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large blood loss and low platelet count were independent risk factors for LA. Although it was possible to safely manage postoperative ascites using routine administration of diuretic agents and fresh frozen plasma, step-by-step trials are required to reduce the need for transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizawa
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors