title: Depression of intraocular pressure following inactivation of connexin43 in the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conditional inactivation of connexin43 (Cx43) in the pigmented epithelium of the mouse eye results in a reduction in aqueous humor production and complete loss of the vitreous chamber. It was proposed that gap junctions between pigmented and nonpigmented epithelia of the ciliary body are critical for the production of the aqueous humor. To form such junctions, Cx43 in the pigmented epithelium must interact with connexin(s) present in the adjacent cells of the nonpigmented epithelium. The importance of Cx43 expression in the nonpigmented epithelium for the establishment of gap junctions and the regulation of intraocular pressure was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  To inactivate Cx43 in the nonpigmented epithelium of the mouse eye, a mouse line was crossed with a floxed Cx43 locus (Cx43(flox/flox)) and a transgenic mouse line expressing cre recombinase under the control of the Pax6alpha promoter. General eye structure was evaluated by light microscopy, gap junctions were analyzed by electron microscopy, and intraocular pressure was directly assessed with micropipettes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Pax6alpha-cre/Cx43(flox/flox) mice, Cx43 was partially inactivated in the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and iris. Animals developed dilatations between the pigmented and nonpigmented epithelia and displayed a significant reduction in intraocular pressure. However, gap junctions between the ciliary epithelial layers were decreased but not eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cx43 expression in the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body contributes to the formation of gap junctions with the cells of the pigmented epithelium. These gap junctions play a critical role in maintaining the physical integrity of the ciliary body epithelium. Although the partial loss of Cx43 from the nonpigmented epithelium was correlated with a measurable drop in intraocular pressure, possible changes in Cx43 in the aqueous outflow pathway may provide an additional contribution to the observed phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
authors.forename: Mónica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Calera
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Olea
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Mortimer M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Civan
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goodenough
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase