title: Electrical stimulation induces propagated colonic contractions in an experimental model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct colonic electrical stimulation may prove to be a treatment option for specific motility disorders such as chronic constipation. The aim of this study was to provoke colonic contractions using electrical stimulation delivered from a battery-operated device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrodes were inserted into the caecal seromuscular layer of eight anaesthetized pigs. Contractions were induced by a neurostimulator (Medtronic 3625). Caecal motility was measured simultaneously by video image analysis, manometry and a technique assessing colonic transit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caecal contractions were generated using 8-10 V amplitude, 1000 micros pulse width, 120 Hz frequency for 10-30 s, with an intensity of 7-15 mA. The maximal contraction strength was observed after 20-25 s. Electrical stimulation was followed by a relaxation phase of 1.5-2 min during which contractions propagated orally and aborally over at least 10 cm. Spontaneous and stimulated caecal motility values were significantly different for both intraluminal pressure (mean(s.d.) 332(124) and 463(187) mmHg respectively; P < 0.001, 42 experiments) and movement of contents (1.6(0.9) and 3.9(2.8) mm; P < 0.001, 40 experiments).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical stimulation modulated caecal motility, and provoked localized and propagated colonic contractions.
authors.affiliation: Services de Chirurgie Viscérale, Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie, Anesthésiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Switzerland. steve.aellen@chuv.ch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aellen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wiesel
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gardaz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schlageter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertschi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Virag
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Givel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000502:physiology; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004566:Electrodes; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D013552:Swine