title: Assessment of saccular function in children with sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate saccular function using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in children with congenital or early acquired sensorineural hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (severe to profound in 22 cases, moderate in 1 case) underwent evaluation of saccular function. Twelve pediatric subjects with normal hearing were included in the study as the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Otologic examination, computed tomography of the temporal bone, audiometry, tympanometry, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in threshold, amplitude, and P1 and N1 latencies of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials between children with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were found in 21 of 23 children (91%) with sensorineural hearing loss. The thresholds of vestibular evoked myogenic potential were significantly higher (P <.001) and the amplitudes were lower in children with sensorineural hearing loss than those in children with normal hearing. There were no differences in the P1 and N1 latencies between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impairment of saccular function, indicated by the abnormal findings in the vestibular evoked myogenic potential, is often associated with sensorineural hearing loss in the pediatric population. Although saccular dysfunction may create a vestibular deficit, its manifestations can vary and be easily overlooked in children. Considering the high percentage of abnormal findings in our study, we recommend that deaf and hard-of-hearing children undergo vestibular evaluation. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing is an easy and reliable procedure to evaluate saccular function in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. guangwei.zhou@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kenna
authors.forename: Katelyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Licameli
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012444:Saccule and Utricle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed