title: Safety and effectiveness of vascular endoprosthesis for malignant superior vena cava syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superior vena cava syndrome management has been traditionally radiation therapy, chemotherapy or chemoradiation, depending on the underlying malignancy involved and individual clinicopathological features of the case. Recent emergence of endovascular stents offer the opportunity for immediate relief of the venous stenosis. This review examines findings from the published series which used endovascular prosthesis for this syndrome with regards to efficacy and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature search identified studies using endovascular stents as initial therapy or for recurrence of malignant superior vena cava syndrome. Effectiveness and toxicity from stent placement was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endovascular stent placement provides immediate haemodynamic relief of venous compression either before or after definitive therapy in the majority of cancer patients. Severe bleedings, cardiopulmonary complications and stent migrations remain significant problems for patient management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular prosthesis is an effective modality for malignant superior vena cava syndrome with acceptable morbidity. Prospective studies should be performed to determine the optimal anticoagulation regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, N Campbell Ave, PO Box 245081, Tucson, AZ 85724-5081, USA. NamPhong.Nguyen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Borok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vinh-Hung
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure