title: Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies point to an association between childhood trauma and the later development of psychotic illness. However, little is known about the prevalence of childhood trauma and its relationship to attenuated positive and other symptoms in individuals at heightened clinical risk for psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty clinical high-risk patients (83% male, 43% Caucasian, and with a mean age of 19) were ascertained from the New York metropolitan area and evaluated for prodromal and affective symptoms, and queried regarding experiences of childhood trauma and abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven percent endorsed at least one general trauma experience, 83% reported physical abuse, 67% emotional abuse, and 27% sexual abuse. As hypothesized, total trauma exposure was positively associated with severity of attenuated positive symptoms (in particular grandiosity), an effect primarily accounted for by ethnic minority participants, who reported greater exposure to trauma. Trauma exposure was related to affective symptoms only in the Caucasian subgroup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood trauma was commonly self-reported, especially among clinical high-risk patients from ethnic minorities, for whom trauma was related to positive symptoms. Future areas of research include an evaluation of potential mechanisms for this relationship, including neuroendocrine and subcortical dopaminergic function.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jt2358@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kimhy
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harkavy-Friedman
authors.forename: Shamir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Julie W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Messinger
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schobel
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malaspina
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corcoran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult