title: Evidence that PKA activity is constitutively activated in human GH-secreting adenoma cells in a patient with Carney complex harbouring a PRKAR1A mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The GHRH-protein kinase A (PKA) signalling pathway is essential for cell proliferation and GH synthesis/secretion in somatotrophs. An inactivating mutation of PRKAR1A is one of the causes of somatotrophinoma in Carney complex (CNC). The basal PKA activity of somatotroph adenoma cells from CNC has not been evaluated because of a limited amount of available tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined how the PRKAR1A mutation affects the PKA signalling pathway in a human somatotrophinoma with a PRKAR1A mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Somatotrophinoma cells from a 40-year-old male patient with CNC were used. The patient had a novel somatic heterozygous germline frameshift mutation (227delT) in PRKAR1A leading to a premature stop codon. The tumour showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17q23-24. Primary cultured adenoma cells were subjected to electrophysiological experiments to evaluate PKA signalling in individual cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GHRH did not increase the nonselective cation current or the voltage-gated calcium current in these adenoma cells, in contrast to nonadenomatous somatotroph cells in which these currents increase through the PKA pathway. Application of a PKA inhibitor inhibited the basal currents in these adenoma cells, results that were not observed in nonadenomatous somatotrophs. These data indicate that the basal currents are already increased and cannot be further increased by GHRH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that PKA is activated at the basal state in these adenoma cells. The data also show that both the nonselective cation current and the voltage-gated calcium current, vital regulators of GH secretion downstream of PKA, are maximally increased in these cells. These maximally increased currents probably account for the excessive GH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ktakano-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasufuku-Takano
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Robert Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Osamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D049912:Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007911:Lentigo / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009377:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C517834:PRKAR1A protein, human; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases