title: Injectable biomaterials for minimally invasive orthopedic treatments.
abstract: Biodegradable and injectable hydroxy terminated-poly propylene fumarate (HT-PPF) bone cement was developed. The injectable formulation consisting HT-PPF and comonomer, n-vinyl pyrrolidone, calcium phosphate filler, free radical catalyst, accelerator and radiopaque agent sets rapidly to hard mass with low exothermic temperature. The candidate bone cement attains mechanical strength more than the required compressive strength of 5 MPa and compressive modulus 50 MPa. The candidate bone cement resin elicits cell adhesion and cytoplasmic spreading of osteoblast cells. The cured bone cement does not induce intracutaneous irritation and skin sensitization. The candidate bone cement is tissue compatible without eliciting any adverse tissue reactions. The candidate bone cement is osteoconductive and inductive and allow osteointegration and bone remodeling. HT-PPF bone cement is candidate bone cement for minimally invasive radiological procedures for the treatment of bone diseases and spinal compression fractures.
authors.affiliation: Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvanthapuram, India. muthujayabalan@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jayabalan
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Shalumon
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mitha
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001826:Body Fluids; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D005650:Fumarates / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003287:Contrast Media; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005650:Fumarates; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C097850:poly(propylene fumarate); C042670:N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone; C020243:calcium phosphate