title: Copper UPD as non-specific adsorption barrier in electrochemical displacement immunosensors.
abstract: Non-specific adsorption events are responsible to a large extent for the lack of reliability and applicability of electrochemical immunosensors. In the particular case of displacement-based immunosensors, as an approach to achieve reagentless, labelless and easy to use immunosensors, the hindering effect of then non-specific adsorption is amplified when the system presents a low affinity constant between biorecognition element and target. The application of Copper UPD as non-specific adsorption barrier in combination with the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) to provide efficient binding of biomolecules to the immunosensor electrode surface is shown to be a very promising mechanism to construct protein resistant surfaces with no harming effects on the electrochemical transducing mechanism. The electrochemical immunodetection of TCA (2,4,6-Trichloroanisole) has been chosen as example for a real case study. A monoclonal antibody to detect the target TCA and an appropriate sub-optimum antigen were used. In addition to a rational strategy for displacement immunosensor development, the decrease of non-specific adsorption phenomena by introducing Copper UPD is reported here. With such strategy an electrochemical displacement immunosensor with a limit of detection of 200ppb and response time of 10min is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Bioelectrochemistry Group, Department d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lozano-Sanchez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katakis
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000840:Anisoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; C110228:2,4,6-trichloroanisole; D003300:Copper