title: Tim-1 signaling substitutes for conventional signal 1 and requires costimulation to induce T cell proliferation.
abstract: Differentiation and clonal expansion of Ag-activated naive T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response. T cell Ig mucin (Tim) proteins influence the activation and differentiation of T cells. Tim-3 and Tim-2 clearly regulate Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, but the precise influence of Tim-1 on T cell activation remains to be determined. We now show that Tim-1 stimulation in vivo and in vitro induces polyclonal activation of T cells despite absence of a conventional TCR-dependent signal 1. In this model, Tim-1-induced proliferation is dependent on strong signal 2 costimulation provided by mature dendritic cells. Ligation of Tim-1 upon CD4(+) T cells with an agonist anti-Tim-1 mAb elicits a rise in free cytosolic calcium, calcineurin-dependent nuclear translocation of NF-AT, and transcription of IL-2. Because Tim-4, the Tim-1 ligand, is expressed by mature dendritic cells, we propose that interaction between Tim-1(+) T cells and Tim-4(+) dendritic cells might ensure optimal stimulation of T cells, when TCR-derived signals originating within an inflamed environment are weak or waning.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplant Immunology and Transplant Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mariat
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Degauque
authors.forename: Savithri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Rosemarie H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: DeKruyff
authors.forename: Dale T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Umetsu
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuchroo
authors.forename: Xin Xiao
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Terry B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Strom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C442240:Havcr1 protein, mouse; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins