title: Ultrasound of peripheral nerves in acromegaly: changes at 1-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated peripheral nerve enlargement in acromegaly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to use ultrasound (US) to assess any changes in the peripheral nerves of patients with acromegaly 1 year after the first evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined the median and ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) in 34 non-diabetic, patients with acromegaly (18 females and 16 males; 18-79 years) and 34 age-, sex-, BMI-matched controls, using a 17-5 MHz US probe.
  
  
  METHODS
  The median nerve was examined at the mid-forearm (MN-f) and at the carpal tunnel (MN-Ct) levels; the ulnar nerve at mid-forearm (UN-f) and at distal arm (UN-a). Patients were grouped according to the clinical control of the disease: 'improved'; 'always controlled'; 'always uncontrolled'; and 'worsened'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median nerve at mid-forearm (MN-f), the ulnar nerve at mid-forearm (UN-f) and at distal arm (UN-a) were significantly reduced after 1-year follow-up in all patients (P < 0.001, P < 0.008, P < 0.012, respectively). In the 'improved' group, there was a significant reduction of median nerve CSA examined at mid-forearm (MN-f) (P = 0.02), and distal arm ulnar nerve CSA (UN-a) (P = 0.002). In the other groups no statistically significant differences in ultrasound parameters were recorded. However, UN-a, UN-f, MN-f, MN-ct were still significantly higher in all groups compared with controls (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that median and ulnar nerves CSA are reduced after 1 year follow-up, in line with the reduction of GH/IGF-I levels. However, as the control of the disease incompletely reverts nerve enlargement, this phenomenon could be only partially reversible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Medical Sciences (DiSEM), Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Resmini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagliafico
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nizzo
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minuto
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Derchi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferone
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult