title: Ha-Ras transformation of MCF10A cells leads to repression of Singleminded-2s through NOTCH and C/EBPbeta.
abstract: We have previously shown that Singleminded-2s (SIM2s), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH/PAS) family of transcription factors, is downregulated in breast cancer samples and has tumor suppressor activity. However, the mechanism by which SIM2s is repressed in breast cancer cells has not been determined. In this study, we show that transformation of MCF10A cells by Harvey-Ras (Ha-Ras) induces CCAAT/enhance binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and activates the NOTCH signaling pathway to block SIM2s gene expression. NOTCH-mediated repression acts through a C-repeat binding factor 1 (CBF1)-independent mechanism, as introduction of CBF1 had no effect on SIM2s expression. Consistent with C/ebpbeta-dependent inhibition of SIM2s, C/ebpbeta(-/-) mouse mammary glands express high levels of SIM2s and reestablishment of C/ebpbeta isoforms decreased SIM2s mRNA levels in C/ebpbeta immortalized mammary epithelial cell lines. These studies illustrate a novel pathway of tumor suppressor gene silencing in Ha-Ras-transformed breast epithelial cells and identify SIM2s as a target of C/EBPbeta and NOTCH signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wellberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laffin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zahnow
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051880:Receptors, Notch; C497570:RBPJ protein, human; C417032:SIM2 protein, human