title: Formaldehyde-based whole-mount in situ hybridization method for planarians.
abstract: Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) is a powerful tool for visualizing gene expression patterns in specific cell and tissue types. Each model organism presents its own unique set of challenges for achieving robust and reproducible staining with cellular resolution. Here, we describe a formaldehyde-based WISH method for the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea developed by systematically comparing and optimizing techniques for fixation, permeabilization, hybridization, and postprocessing. The new method gives robust, high-resolution labeling in fine anatomical detail, allows co-labeling with fluorescent probes, and is sufficiently sensitive to resolve the expression pattern of a microRNA in planarians. Our WISH methodology not only provides significant advancements over current protocols that make it a valuable asset for the planarian community, but should also find wide applicability in WISH methods used in other systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Bret J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: George T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Eisenhoffer
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Jochen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez Alvarado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D010932:Planarians / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde