title: Gender, race/ethnicity, personality, and interleukin-6 in urban primary care patients.
abstract: Gender, race/ethnicity, and personality are markers of significant psychosocial and biological variability. Each may have implications for allostatic load and resulting inflammatory processes, yet findings have been largely mixed. We investigated whether women, minorities, and those higher in Neuroticism and lower in Extraversion were at risk for elevated circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a sample of 103 middle aged and older urban primary care patients. Regression analyses controlling for age, education, current depression levels, and chronic medical conditions revealed that women, minorities, and individuals lower in Extraversion had higher circulating levels of IL-6. Analyses of more specific personality traits revealed that the sociability and positive emotions components of Extraversion were unassociated with IL-6, but the activity facet-reflecting dispositional vigor and energy-was robustly associated with IL-6. The difference between high (+1 Standard Deviation (SD)) and low (-1 SD) trait activity was sufficient to shift IL-6 levels beyond a previously established high risk cut-point in both white and minority women. These findings suggest that while broad group differences between genders and races/ethnicities exist, personality represents an important source of individual differences in inflammation within groups. Future work should examine to what extent IL-6 levels are linked to temperament or genetic activity levels vs. physical activity itself, and whether IL-6 levels may be reduced by boosting regular activity levels in demographic segments such as women and minorities who appear susceptible to greater inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Rochester Center for Mind Body Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Ben_Chapman@URMC.Rochester.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stockman
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duberstein
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lyness
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moynihan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009518:New York; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011320:Primary Health Care; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6