title: Metal allergic reaction in chronic refractory in-stent restenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationship between chronic refractory (CR) in-stent restenosis (ISR) and metal allergic reaction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although drug-eluting stent reduced the restenotic event compared with bare-metal stent, the mechanism of neointimal proliferation is not clear yet; however, bare-metal stent still remains as one of the choices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 128 bare-metal stent implanted patients who experienced target lesion revascularization at least once, 60 patients with the second ISR (study group) and 68 patients without the second ISR (control group) were compared in terms of result from the skin patch test for metal allergic reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nickel was dominant among components of 316L stainless steel. The nickel-positive was observed in 19% (24/128) of all patients. Of 24 nickel-positive, 18 (30%) was in the study group, whereas 6 (9%) was in the control group (P=.02). According to multivariate analysis, the most significant predictor for CR-ISR was reference vessel diameter (P=.0010) followed by nickel-positive (P=.0033) and hyperlipidemia (P=.0305). The nickel-positive showed the highest odds ratio of 5.41 adjusted with confounder variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study with the second ISR showed that nickel was a major factor for CR-ISR. Further improvement of biocompatible material is required for coronary stents and strut-coating materials even in the drug-eluting stent era.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan. tsaito1948@mac.com
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hokimoto
authors.forename: Syuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojyo
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006965:Hyperplasia; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010328:Patch Tests; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel