title: A Delphi clinical practice protocol for the management of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is a disorder of oxidation of long chain fat, and can present as cardiomyopathy or fasting intolerance in the first months to years of life, or as myopathy in later childhood to adulthood. Expanded newborn screening has identified a relatively high incidence of this disorder (1:31,500), but there is a dearth of evidence-based outcomes data to guide the development of clinical practice protocols. This consensus protocol is intended to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of screen-positive newborns for VLCAD deficiency until evidence-based guidelines are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system was used to grade the literature review and create recommendations graded from A (evidence level of randomized clinical trials) to D (expert opinion). Delphi was used as the consensus tool. A panel of 14 experts (including clinicians, diagnostic laboratory directors and researchers) completed three rounds of survey questions and had a face-to-face meeting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Panelists reviewed the initial evaluation of the screen-positive infant, diagnostic testing and management of diagnosed patients. Grade C and D consensus recommendations were made in each of these three areas. The panel did not reach consensus on all issues, particularly in the dietary management of asymptomatic infants diagnosed by newborn screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Georgianne_Arnold@URMC.Rochester.edu
authors.forename: Georgianne L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Hove
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freedenberg
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garganta
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ficicioglu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cederbaum
authors.forename: Cary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boles
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matern
authors.forename: Pranesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feigenbaum
mesh_terms: D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000172:deficiency*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003697:Delphi Technique; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008052:Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain