title: The demands of professional opera singing on cranio-cervical posture.
abstract: Difficulty with singing is a rare but important complication following cervical spine surgery but there is little objective information regarding the cervical and head postural changes taking place during singing. The aim of this study was to identify postural changes in the cranio-cervical region associated with the demands of voice production in professional opera singing. The two Roentgen-cephalograms, one of which are taken whilst performing a specified singing task were taken from 18 professional opera students, 12 females (mean age 20.86 +/- 3.07 years) and six males (18.66 +/- 1.36 years). A paired t test compared mean cranio-cervical postural and pharyngeal/hyoid variables between the two registrations (P = 0.05). The association between the cranio-cervical postural variables and the pharyngeal/hyoid region in each registration position was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. In singing, the position of the atlas with respect to the true vertical (P < 0.001), the axis (P < 0.001) and the C4 vertebra both with respect to the horizontal (P < 0.001), and the axis with respect to the cranium (P < 0.001), were all significantly different to those at rest. Of the cranio-cervical postural variables in the singing registration, the angles measuring positional change of the atlas and C4 relative to the true horizontal were shown be significantly related to an increased pharyngeal airway space at the C3 level (P < 0.01). An appreciation of the requirement for the cervical spine to undergo postural change during professional opera singing has relevance to the potential impact on voice quality in professional opera singers should they undergo cervical spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, Level 3, 325 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. gill.johnson@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D055009:Spondylosis / Q000601:surgery; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult