Saving tourists: the status of emergency medical services in California's National Parks.
BACKGROUND
Providing emergency medical services (EMS) in popular tourist destinations such as National Parks requires an understanding of the availability and demand for EMS. This study examines the EMS workload, EMS transportation methods, EMS funding, and EMS provider status in California's National Park Service units.


METHODS
A retrospective review of data from the 2005 Annual Emergency Medical Services Report for National Park Service (NPS) units in California.


RESULTS
Sixteen NPS units in California reported EMS activity. EMS program funding and training costs totaled USD $1,071,022. During 2005 there were 84 reported fatalities, 910 trauma incidents, 663 non-cardiac medicals, 129 cardiac incidents, and 447 first aid incidents. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Yosemite National Park, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and Death Valley National Park accounted for 83% of the total EMS case workload. Ground transports accounted for 85% of all EMS transports and Emergency Medical Technicians with EMT-basic (EMT-B) training made up 76% of the total 373 EMS providers.


CONCLUSIONS
Providing EMS for tourists can be a challenging task. As tourist endeavors increase globally and move into more remote environments, the level of EMS operations in California's NPS units can serve as a model for developing EMS operations serving tourist populations.
Heggie
Travis W
TW
Recreation & Tourism Studies Program, University of North Dakota, University Mail Stop #7116, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA. travis.heggie@und.edu
Heggie
Tracey M
TM
D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005392:First Aid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011998:Recreation; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014195:Travel; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*