title: Temporal appearance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes.
abstract: One hundred fifty AAC(6')-Ib-positive gram-negative isolates collected between 1981 and 1991 were examined by PCR for the presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and other plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. None had the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qepA, but two strains collected in 1988 had qnrB alleles, making these the earliest known PMQR genes.
authors.affiliation: Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA. george.a.jacoby@lahey.org
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gacharna
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C485384:Qnr protein, E coli; D011804:Quinolines; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C443113:aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase