title: [Combination of complete atrioventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot: surgical management and its results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a rare congenital heart anomaly. We evaluated surgical results of total repair in patients with TOF and AVSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients (5 girls, 2 boys; age range 2.5 to 14 years) underwent total repair for AVSD and TOF. Three patients had Down syndrome. Three patients had previous systemic-to-pulmonary shunt operations. Accompanying anomalies were left superior vena cava (n=2), left atrial isomerism (n=1), muscular VSD (n=1), and double outlet right ventricle (n=1). Preoperative diagnoses were based on echocardiographic examinations. The two-patch technique was used for surgical repair. Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed using transannular and infundibular patches in four and three patients, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from six months to nine years (mean 3.4+/-2.9 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No mortality occurred throughout the follow-up period. Two patients had prolonged hospitalization (>1 month) due to pulmonary infection and sepsis. At the latest follow-up, functional capacity was NYHA class I in five patients, and class II in two patients. Final echocardiographic examinations showed mild left atrioventricular (AV) valve insufficiency in five patients, and mild (n=3) or moderate (n=1) right AV valve insufficiency. Two patients had mild residual pulmonary stenosis, and three patients with a transannular patch had free pulmonary insufficiency. All the patients had proper right and left ventricular functions and all were in sinus rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With a proper surgical strategy and technique, AVSD and TOF can be corrected successfully. Long-term follow-up is necessary for AV valve dysfunction and pulmonary insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acibadem Bakirköy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayyar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarioğlu
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erek
authors.forename: Yusuf Kenan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yalçinbaş
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Türkekul
authors.forename: Arda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saygili
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarioğlu
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ulukol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome