title: Skin testing and drug provocation in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to aminopenicillins in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonimmediate allergic reactions (NIR) to aminopenicillin include several entities, the most common of which are urticaria-like and maculopapular exanthemas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a group of children who developed one or more episodes of skin reactions suggestive of NIR after aminopenicillin administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria required negative immediate skin tests and absence of specific IgE antibodies to different penicillins. Intradermal and patch tests were carried out with delayed readings and, if negative, a drug-provocation test including a full therapeutic course of the drug was given. Two different groups were compared: A) children with positive skin testing or a positive drug-provocation test and B) children with negative skin testing and good tolerance after a drug-provocation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A was composed of 20 patients. Positive intradermal/patch tests were found in one patient and in the remaining 19, a positive response to a drug-provocation test confirmed the diagnosis. Group B (the control group) consisted of 19 patients with similar symptoms after aminopenicillin intake but good tolerance. No differences in age, dose or number of previous treatments were observed between the groups. The clinical entities were also similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reproducible nonimmediate skin reactions to aminopenicillins may occur in children in spite of negative skin testing. The value of this diagnostic procedure seems to be limited in this type of reaction, with drug-provocation tests (DPT) being a reasonable and safe alternative if the diagnosis has to be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Service, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blanca-López
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zapatero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Martínez-Molero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010328:Patch Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E