title: VIPoma with expression of both VIP and VPAC1 receptors in a patient with WDHA syndrome.
abstract: We report a case of VIPoma in a 72-year-old female patient who presented with excessive diarrhea, severe hypokalemia, and acidemia. She had been referred to our hospital three times because of severe diarrhea. No primary tumor site was found by conventional techniques, including contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, angiography, endoscopy, and positron emission tomography (PET), but a tumor was subsequently found in the head of the pancreas by octreotide scanning. Her diarrhea diminished dramatically after octreotide treatment, while her diarrhea has ceased without the therapy of octreotide at the first admission in the course of 2 years of her disease. Immunohistochemial analysis of the excised tumor tissue revealed the expression of both vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1 (VPAC1) receptors. This is the first case report of a VIPoma that immunostains for VIP and VPAC1 receptors and indicates that abundant VIP produced by VIPoma might inhibit its growth and reduce VIP secretion via the VPAC1 receptor in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan. in1304@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokote
authors.forename: Kichinosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraiwa
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komoto
authors.forename: Kazuho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
mesh_terms: D000126:Achlorhydria / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000209:etiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I / Q000032:analysis*; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003969:Vipoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015282:Octreotide