title: Noncigarette forms of tobacco use.
abstract: There are many preparations for tobacco use, which can be classified as smoking or smokeless tobacco. Among the noncigarette preparations that produce smoke, we cite cigars, pipes and narghiles. Smokeless tobacco can be found in preparations for chewing or for being absorbed by nasal and oral mucosae (snuff). However, all tobacco products deliver nicotine to the central nervous system and there is a confirmed risk of dependence. In addition, there is no safe form of tobacco use, and tobacco users have a significantly increased risk of morbidity and premature mortality due to tobacco-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil. viegasc@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto de Assis
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Viegas
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine