title: Effects of antioxidant supplementation on insulin sensitivity, endothelial adhesion molecules, and oxidative stress in normal-weight and overweight young adults.
abstract: The objective of the study was to determine whether short-term antioxidant (AOX) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity, endothelial adhesion molecule levels, and oxidative stress in overweight young adults. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study tested the effects of AOXs on measures of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), endothelial adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular adhesion molecule, and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1), adiponectin, and oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) in overweight and normal-weight individuals (N = 48, 18-30 years). Participants received either AOX (vitamin E, 800 IU; vitamin C, 500 mg; beta-carotene, 10 mg) or placebo for 8 weeks. The HOMA values were initially higher in the overweight subjects and were lowered with AOX by week 8 (15% reduction, P = .02). Adiponectin increased in both AOX groups. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 decreased in overweight AOX-treated groups by 6% and 13%, respectively (P < .05). Plasma lipid hydroperoxides were reduced by 0.31 and 0.70 nmol/mL in the normal-weight and overweight AOX-treated groups, respectively, by week 8 (P < .05). Antioxidant supplementation moderately lowers HOMA and endothelial adhesion molecule levels in overweight young adults. A potential mechanism to explain this finding is the reduction in oxidative stress by AOX. Long-term studies are needed to determine whether AOXs are effective in suppressing diabetes or vascular activation over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, PO Box 112727, FL 32608, USA. vincehk@ortho.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Cheryl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bourguignon
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weltman
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.forename: Ann G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D004435:Eating; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000975:Antioxidants; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D014815:Vitamins; D019207:beta Carotene; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid