title: Validity of the reduced-sample insulin modified frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test using the nonlinear regression approach.
abstract: The disposition index, the product of the insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) and the acute insulin response to glucose, is linked in African Americans to chromosome 11q. This link was determined with S(I) calculated with the nonlinear regression approach to the minimal model and data from the reduced-sample insulin-modified frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT). However, the application of the nonlinear regression approach to calculate S(I) using data from the Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT has been challenged as being not only inaccurate but also having a high failure rate in insulin-resistant subjects. Our goal was to determine the accuracy and failure rate of the Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT using the nonlinear regression approach to the minimal model. With S(I) from the Full-Sample-IM-FSIGT considered the standard and using the nonlinear regression approach to the minimal model, we compared the agreement between S(I) from the Full- and Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT protocols. One hundred African Americans (body mass index, 31.3 +/- 7.6 kg/m(2) [mean +/- SD]; range, 19.0-56.9 kg/m(2)) had FSIGTs. Glucose (0.3 g/kg) was given at baseline. Insulin was infused from 20 to 25 minutes (total insulin dose, 0.02 U/kg). For the Full-Sample-IM-FSIGT, S(I) was calculated based on the glucose and insulin samples taken at -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. For the Reduced-Sample-FSIGT, S(I) was calculated based on the time points that appear in bold. Agreement was determined by Spearman correlation, concordance, and the Bland-Altman method. In addition, for both protocols, the population was divided into tertiles of S(I). Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest tertile of S(I) from the Full-Sample-IM-FSIGT. The distribution of subjects across tertiles was compared by rank order and kappa statistic. We found that the rate of failure of resolution of S(I) by the Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT was 3% (3/100). For the remaining 97 subjects, S(I) for the Full- and Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGTs were as follows: 3.76 +/- 2.41 L mU(-1) min(-1) (range, 0.58-14.50) and 4.29 +/- 2.89 L mU(-1) min(-1) (range, 0.52-14.42); relative error, 21% +/- 18%; Spearman r = 0.97; and concordance, 0.94 (both P < .001). After log transformation, the Bland-Altman limits of agreement were -0.29 and 0.53. The exact agreement for distribution of the population in the insulin-resistant tertile vs the insulin-sensitive tertiles was 92%, kappa of 0.82 +/- 0.06. Using the nonlinear regression approach and data from the Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT in subjects with a wide range of insulin sensitivity, failure to resolve S(I) occurred in only 3% of subjects. The agreement and maintenance of rank order of S(I) between protocols support the use of the nonlinear regression approach to the minimal model and the Reduced-Sample-IM-FSIGT in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Endocrinology Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1612, USA. annes@intra.niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.forename: Marcella F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Luercio
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Frempong
authors.forename: Madia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: Marshall K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tulloch-Reid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin