title: Antiretroviral therapy and congenital abnormalities in infants born to HIV-infected women in the UK and Ireland, 1990-2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the rate of reported congenital abnormalities in infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy in utero.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive national surveillance study in the UK and Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Births to diagnosed HIV-infected women are reported to the National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood. Infants born between 1990 and 2007 were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of reported major and minor congenital abnormality was 2.8% (232/8242) overall, and there was no significant difference by timing of ART exposure: 2.8% (14/498) in unexposed infants, 2.7% (147/5427) following second or third trimester exposure, and 3.1% (53/1708) following first trimester exposure (P = 0.690). There was no difference in abnormality rates by class of ART exposure in the first trimester (P = 0.363), and no category of abnormality was significantly associated with timing of ART, although numbers in these groups were small. There was no increased risk of abnormalities in infants exposed to efavirenz (P = 0.672) or didanosine (P = 0.816) in the first trimester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, based on a large, national, unselected population provide further reassurance that ART in utero does not pose a major risk of fetal anomaly.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. c.townsend@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortina-Borja
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Peckham
authors.forename: Pat A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tookey
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000025:Abortion, Eugenic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents