title: Yield and physicochemical properties of EPS from Halomonas sp. strain TG39 identifies a role for protein and anionic residues (sulfate and phosphate) in emulsification of n-hexadecane.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the yield and physicochemical properties of the high molecular weight extracellular polymeric substance (HMW-EPS) produced by Halomonas sp. strain TG39 when grown on different types and ratios of substrates. Glucose (1% w/v) and a peptone/yeast extract ratio of 5.1 (0.6% w/v final concentration) yielded an EPS fraction (HMW-glucose) exhibiting the highest anionic activity (20.5) and specific emulsifying activity (EI24 = 100%) compared to EPS produced by cells grown on mannitol, sucrose, malt extract or no carbon source. The HMW-EPS fractions were capable of binding approximately 255-464 mg of methylene blue (MB) per gram of EPS, which represents the highest reported binding of MB by a bacterial EPS. A comparative evaluation of these properties to those of commercial hydrocolloids indicated that the combined effect of protein and anionic residues of the HMW-EPS contributed to its ability to emulsify n-hexadecane. Liquid chromatography revealed the HMW-glucose EPS to be a heterogeneous polymer with a polydispersity index of 1.8. This work presents evidence of a correlation between the anionic nature and protein content of bacterial EPS with its emulsifying qualities, and identifies EPS produced by strain TG39 as a high MB-binding bacterial sorbant with potential biotechnological application.
authors.affiliation: Microbial and Molecular Biology Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, United Kingdom. tonyg@unc.edu
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004655:Emulsions; D020632:Halomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D010710:Phosphates; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D011506:Proteins; D013431:Sulfates; C007932:n-hexadecane