title: Colorectal cancer: texture analysis of portal phase hepatic CT images as a potential marker of survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the utility of texture analysis of liver computed tomographic (CT) images by determining the effect of acquisition parameters on texture and by comparing the abilities of texture analysis and hepatic perfusion CT to help predict survival for patients with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised a phantom test and a clinical evaluation of 48 patients with colorectal cancer who had consented to retrospective analysis of hepatic perfusion CT data acquired during a research study approved by the institutional review board. Both components involved texture analysis to quantify the relative contribution of CT features between 2 and 12 pixels wide to overall image brightness and uniformity. The effect of acquisition factors on texture was assessed on CT images of a cylindric phantom filled with water obtained by using tube currents between 100 and 250 mAs and voltages between 80 and 140 kVp. Texture on apparently normal portal phase CT images of the liver and hepatic perfusion parameters were related to patient survival by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A texture parameter that compared the uniformity of distribution of CT image features 10 and 12 pixels wide exhibited the least variability with CT acquisition parameters (maximum coefficient of variation, 2.6%) and was the best predictor of patient survival (P < .005). There was no significant association between survival and hepatic perfusion parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides preliminary evidence that analysis of liver texture on portal phase CT images is potentially a superior predictor of survival for patients with colorectal cancer than CT perfusion imaging.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2502071879/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. k.a.miles@bsms.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ganeshan
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Rupert C D
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chatwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods