title: Validation of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes on interindividual warfarin maintenance dose: a prospective study in Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a warfarin-dosing algorithm that could be combined with pharmacogenomic and demographic factors, and to evaluate its effectiveness in a randomized prospective controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pharmacogenetics-based dosing model was derived using retrospective data from 266 Chinese patients and multiple linear regression analysis. To prospectively validate this model, 156 patients with an operation of heart valve replacement were enrolled and randomly assigned to the group of pharmacogenetics-guided or traditional dosing for warfarin therapy. All patients were followed up for 50 days after initiation of warfarin therapy. The log-rank test was compared with the time-to-event (Kaplan-Meier) curves. Cox proportional hazards-regression model was used to assess the hazard ratio of the time to reach stable dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The linear regression model derived from the pharmacogenomic model correlated with 54.1% of warfarin dosing variance. The final multiple linear regression model included age, body surface area, VKORC1, and CYP2C9 genotype. The study showed that the hazard ratio for the time to reach stable dose was 1.932 for the traditional dosing group versus the model-based group and a close and highly significant relationship was observed to exist between the predicted and the actual warfarin dose (R=0.454).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pharmacogenetics-based dosing algorithm has been developed for improvement in the time to reach the stable dosing of warfarin. This model may be useful in helping the clinicians to prescribe warfarin with greater safety and efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hai-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xian-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ding-Li
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Jia
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kai-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dao-Kang
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Qin
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hao-Fei
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bao-Lin
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xiang-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C578523:VKORC1 protein, human; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases