title: Persistent genital and pelvic pain after childbirth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although genital pain and pelvic pain are common and well-documented problems in the early postpartum period, little is known about their course. The few published studies of such pain beyond 1 year postpartum have focused primarily on the perineum and have not assessed pain onset.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of all types of genital and pelvic pain in the second year postpartum, and to explore risk factors for their persistence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 6-month period, a questionnaire on genital/pelvic pain, sociodemographic and childbirth variables, breastfeeding, and chronic pain history was mailed to patients of the collaborating obstetrician at 12 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of persistent genital/pelvic pain with postpartum onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the 114 participants (82% response rate; M = 14 months postpartum) reported a current (18%) or resolved (26%) episode of genital or pelvic pain lasting 3 or more months. Just under one in 10 (9%) mothers continued to experience pain that had begun after they last gave birth. This pain was described at various locations (e.g., vaginal opening and pelvic area), as moderate in intensity and unpleasantness, and most often as burning, cutting, or radiating. Although it was triggered by both sexual and nonsexual activities, none of the mothers affected were receiving treatment. Univariate analyses revealed that only past diagnosis with a nongenital chronic pain condition (e.g., migraine headache) was significantly correlated with (i) any history of chronic genital/pelvic pain or (ii) the persistence of pregnancy- or postpartum-onset genital or pelvic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postpartum genital and pelvic pain persists for longer than a year for a significant percentage of mothers. Women with a history of other chronic pain appear to be particularly vulnerable to developing persistent genital or pelvic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Laboratory for the Biopsychosocial Study of Sexuality, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Laurel.Paterson@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Laurel Q P
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Seth N P
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalifé
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amsel
authors.forename: Yitzchak M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Binik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D036801:Parturition; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires