title: Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): membrane fouling and membrane material.
abstract: Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been actively employed for municipal and industrial wastewater treatments. So far, membrane fouling and the high cost of membranes are main obstacles for wider application of MBRs. Over the past few years, considerable investigations have been performed to understand MBR fouling in detail and to develop high-flux or low-cost membranes. This review attempted to address the recent and current developments in MBRs on the basis of reported literature in order to provide more detailed information about MBRs. In this paper, the fouling behaviour, fouling factors and fouling control strategies were discussed. Recent developments in membrane materials including low-cost filters, membrane modification and dynamic membranes were also reviewed. Lastly, the future trends in membrane fouling research and membrane material development in the coming years were addressed.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China. fgmeng80@126.com
authors.forename: Fangang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: So-Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraume
authors.forename: Hang-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors / Q000592:standards*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D014783:Viscosity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000592:standards*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals