title: Characterization of thyroid nodules by 3-D contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging.
abstract: High resolution ultrasound imaging proved effective in the detection, analysis, and follow-up of thyroid lesions, even if interpretative pitfalls remain. Differentiation between malignant and benign nodules is a major challenge: malignancy is often correlated to an increase in intranodular vasculature, due to rapid angiogenesis. We developed a three-step methodology to reconstruct intranodular vasculature based on 3-D contrast-enhanced images: i) preprocessing; ii) morphological opening by using a structuring element coherent with the microbubbles appearance: iii) thresholding and 3-D representation. We processed the volumes relative to 8 nodules (4 benign and 4 malignant, confirmed by needle biopsy) and we calculated the percentage of intranodular contrast agent. Results confirm that malignant nodules present a higher internal vasculature (52.3% +/- 15.7%) than benign (14.3% +/- 5.3%). Also, two experts reported the reconstructed 3-D volumes and scored the nodules characteristics, obtaining a good agreement with bioptic results. We believe this methodology could be useful to improve nodules differentiation in thyroid ultrasound exams.
authors.affiliation: Viglia Srl, Torino, Italy. carraro@viglia.it
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deandrea
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garberoglio
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suri
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media