title: Studying the subcellular localization and DNA-binding activity of FoxO transcription factors, downstream effectors of PI3K/Akt.
abstract: This chapter describes methods for studying downstream events of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, focusing on the FoxO transcription factors. These approaches also represent alternative means for gauging the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt activity. We describe protocols for the fractionation of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein extracts and for studying transcription factor DNA-binding activity in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Abdelkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Essafi
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pomeranz
authors.forename: Aleksandra K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zwolinska
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varshochi
authors.forename: Ursula B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Eric W-F
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021381:Protein Transport; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt