title: Clinical evaluation of Graves ophthalmopathy in north-east Islamic Republic of Iran.
abstract: This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations in all Graves disease patients (n = 68) presenting to endocrine clinics at Mashad University of Medical Sciences between December 2002 and September 2005. The mean age of patients was 38.0 (SD 14.0) years, range 15 to 71 years. The most common complaints were foreign body sensation (54.0%) and puffy eyelids (48.4%). The most common apparent abnormality was lid retraction in 64.2% of patients (bilateral in 95.3% of cases). The patients had a mean modified Werner's NO SPECS classification score of 3.00 (SD 1.46). The score was significantly higher in males than females [3.58 (SD 1.44) versus 2.63 (SD 1.35)] and was positively correlated with age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Al-Anbia Eye Hospital, Medical University of Mashad, Mashad, Islamic Republic of Iran. etezadrazavi@gmail.com
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Abotoraby
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kakhki
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Ghanavati
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layegh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghavi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rajabian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed