title: Sonography of patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke: correlation with motor recovery stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to clarify the cause of shoulder pain using sonography and to evaluate the relationship between the sonographic findings and the motor recovery stages in stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2005 and January 2007, 71 consecutive stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain underwent shoulder sonography. For comparison, bilateral shoulder joints were evaluated in 20 of the 71 patients. The interpretations of the sonographic findings were based on the findings of previously published studies. Whether a correlation existed between the sonographic findings and the motor recovery stages was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subacromial-subdeltoid (SA-SD) bursal effusion (n = 36) was the most common abnormality seen on sonography. Tendinosis of the supraspinatus tendon (n = 7), partial-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon (n = 6), and full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon (n = 2) were also noted. Biceps tendon sheath effusion (n = 39) and normal findings without any biceps tendon sheath effusion (n = 13) were detected. Clinicians managed each patient's shoulder pain on the basis of the sonographic findings. No statistically significant correlation was found between the grade of sonographic findings and Brunnstrom stage (p = 0.183). A shoulder with hemiplegia had a higher number of abnormal sonographic findings than a noninvolved shoulder (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cause of shoulder pain was variable and there was no correlation between the stages of motor recovery and the grades of sonographic findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea. shangkmii@hanmail.net
authors.forename: In Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Tae-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Yeon Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jong Woon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography