title: Clinical trial: a randomized, study comparing meperidine (pethidine) and fentanyl in adult gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little evidence to guide choice between meperidine (pethidine) and fentanyl for sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare meperidine with fentanyl in terms of procedure time and analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single centre randomized controlled trial. Patients received narcotic doses and midazolam at the discretion of the attending endoscopist who was unaware of narcotic assignment. Endoscopy and recovery times were then recorded. The main outcome was total procedure time, defined as endoscopy time plus recovery time. Patient discomfort was assessed prior to discharge via visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 55 patients were randomized to meperidine [44 colonoscopy and 11 esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)] and 56 to fentanyl (45 colonoscopy and 11 EGD). Total procedure time was shorter for those receiving fentanyl (mean = 87.7 min) than for those receiving meperidine (mean = 102.9 min) (P = 0.05). The difference between the groups was explained by a shorter mean recovery time in the fentanyl group (63.0 min) than in the meperidine group (76.2 min) (P = 0.07). Based on post procedure pain scores, examinations with meperidine (mean = 1.99) were less painful when compared with those receiving fentanyl (mean = 2.86, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl shortened total procedure time by reducing recovery time. A simple change in narcotic choice could increase endoscopy unit efficiency.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA. douglas.robertson@med.va.gov
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oringer
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Rothstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008614:Meperidine; D005283:Fentanyl