title: Gender differences in risk factors and outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the baseline characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes between men and women in an Iranian cardiac rehabilitation programme after adjusting for age, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a self-controlled descriptive study performed between 1996 and 2006, we evaluated 547 patients with documented coronary heart disease before and after a 24-session cardiac rehabilitation programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were older, more likely to be obese, anxious, depressed, and had more traditional coronary heart disease risk factors than men. At baseline, exercise capacity was lower (P < 0.001), but total cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.007), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001), fasting blood sugar (P = 0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), and heart rate (P = 0.016) were higher in women.Although there was significant improvement in most of the variables and risk factors after cardiac rehabilitation, changes were not statistically significant between men and women except for significantly more improvement in exercise capacity (P < 0.001) and less reduction in body mass index (P = 0.04) in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following a short-term cardiac rehabilitation programme, modification in cardiac risk factors and quality of life occurs. Both genders benefit alike in most aspects from this programme.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nizal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarrafzadegan
authors.forename: Katayoun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rabiei
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: Seddighe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Taghipour
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roohafza
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio