title: Immunopathology of chronic rhinosinusitis in young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous investigation demonstrated predominantly lymphocytic inflammation in sinus mucosa of young children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) rather than eosinophilic inflammation typical of adult CRS. Immunohistopathological study was undertaken to define further the cellular response in pediatric CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillary mucosal biopsies from children and adults with CRS were stained for CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD4 (helper T lymphocytes), CD8 (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), CD68 (monocytes/macrophages), CD56 (natural killer cells), kappa and lambda (plasma cells), and myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen children with CRS (median age, 3.0 years; range, 1.4-8.2 years) had more CD8+, MPO+, and CD68+ cells (P < or = .03) and a trend toward more CD3+ and CD4+ cells (P = .06) in their epithelium and more CD20+, kappa+ and lambda+, MPO+, and CD68+ cells (P < or = .05) and a trend toward more CD4+ cells (P = .06) in their submucosa compared with adult control subjects. Immunostains from children with positive sinus cultures were similar to those with negative cultures except for more MPO+ cells in the submucosa (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory response of young children with CRS is characterized by a mixed lymphocyte population, macrophages, and neutrophils. Differences between pediatric and adult CRS suggest differing pathogenic mechanisms or progression in the inflammatory response with protracted disease.
authors.affiliation: Service ORL, Hopital Central, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coffinet
authors.forename: Kenny H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Abzug
authors.forename: Eric A F
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Carlyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D009195:Peroxidase