title: Evolution in diagnosis and repairing of orbital medial wall fractures.
abstract: In the last decades, diagnostical imaging, surgical techniques, alloplastic materials, and surgical instruments development allowed a great progress in management of orbital fractures; the aim of the present study was to focus on the progress and changes in the management of orbital medial wall fractures. Isolated medial wall fractures are not a common clinical evidence, and those necessitating surgery is relatively rare. Diagnostical refinements allowed to detect such fractures more commonly than suspected, and the indications to surgical treatment had been increased by the progresses that minimized morbidity of patients and allowed better restoration of the functional anatomy. Mainly, the endoscopic surgery as an alternative to open reduction allowed to manage such fractures with less unwanted sequelae; endoscopy decreases morbidity and improves the results with respect to open reductions. In literature, currently, it can be noticed that there is an increased trend in surgical treatment of the patients with orbital medial wall fracture because endoscopy decreased perisurgical morbidity and improved long-term results. Endoscopic repair of orbital blowout fractures represents an innovative and highly successful and safe alternative to external repairs owing to its introduction in orbital trauma management; actually, indications for surgical intervention are in the course of revision. New deal is important for the future treatment of patients sustaining orbital trauma. The authors present their experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of La Sapienza II Medicine and Surgery Faculty, S Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matteini
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mazzone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D002648:Child; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C013830:baysilon