title: Use of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate aluminum toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Owing to its toxicity, aluminum (Al), which is one of the most abundant metals, inhibits the productivity of many cultures and affects the microbial metabolism. The aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Al on cell growth, viability, and budding, as the likely result of possible chelating action. For this purpose, Fleischmann's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used in growth tests performed in 125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 30 mL of YED medium (5.0 g/L yeast extract plus 20 g/L glucose) supplemented with the selected amounts of either vinasse or Al in the form of AlCl(3) . H(2)O. Without vinasse, the addition of increasing levels of Al up to 54 mg/L reduced the specific growth rate by 18%, whereas no significant reduction was observed in its presence. The toxic effect of Al on S. cerevisiae growth and the mitigating effect of sugar cane vinasse were quantified by the exponential model of Ciftci et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 25:2007-2023, 1983). The cell viability decreased from 97.7% at the start to 84.0% at the end of runs without vinasse and to 92.3% with vinasse. On the other hand, the cell budding increased from 7.62% at the start to 8.84% at the end of runs without vinasse and to 17.8% with vinasse. These results demonstrate the ability of this raw material to stimulate cell growth and mitigate the toxic effect of Al.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 16, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Pinheiro
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Souza Oliveira
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivas Torres
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zilli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Araújo Viana Marques
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Converti
mesh_terms: D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005285:Fermentation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008965:Molasses; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride