title: A-G-4G haplotype of PAI-1 gene polymorphisms -844 G/A, HindIII G/C, and -675 4G/5G is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke caused by small vessel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis. It was reported that PAI-1 gene polymorphisms affected PAI-1 level and might therefore influence the risk of vascular diseases, including stroke. We studied the association of three common polymorphisms in PAI-1 gene (-844 G/A, -675 4G/5G, and HindIII G/C) with the odds of different causes of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 390 patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel disease (n = 117), small vessel disease (n = 121), and cardioembolism (n = 152) as well as 291 controls. The etiology of ischemic stroke was established using TOAST criteria. PAI-1 polymorphisms were genotyped with restriction fragment length polymorphism and single strand conformation polymorphism method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A-G-4G haplotype of PAI-1 gene was found more frequently in stroke patients with small vessel disease than in control subjects (44.9% vs 35.7%; P = 0.02). No association was found between investigated genotype or allele frequencies and distinct causes of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that A-G-4G PAI-1 gene haplotype is associated with increased risk of small vessel disease stroke, but this study does not support an association of -844 G/A, -675 4G/5G, and HindIII G/C PAI-1 gene polymorphisms with particular etiology of ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. adamskimateusz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Adamski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Turaj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slowik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wloch-Kopec
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczudlik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002539:Cerebral Arterial Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1