title: Protective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on intracerebral hemorrhage in rat.
abstract: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the cytokine family of growth factors that can protect the neurons from focal cerebral ischemia-induced injuries. The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been widely observed in the clinic; however, the protective effect of G-CSF on ICH is still elusive. We found in the present study that the intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF for 5 days could improve the ICH-induced neuronal behavioral impairment measured by limb placement assay. We also observed that injection of G-CSF could increase the number of stem cells in the specific zone of the hemorrhagic areas, demonstrated by the enhanced expression of nestin. Additionally, G-CSF could also promote the mobilization of circulating hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the damaged brain areas and activate the astrocytes. Our results reveal that G-CSF is also protective for the ICH with the mechanisms involving proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of HSCs and the activation of astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease, Pathophysiology Department, Tongji Medical College, Hua-Zhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xi-Ji
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cui-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiong-Xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D064231:Nestin; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577486:Nes protein, rat; D064231:Nestin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor