title: Switching from NPH insulin to once-daily insulin detemir in basal-bolus-treated patients with diabetes mellitus: data from the European cohort of the PREDICTIVE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The PREDICTIVE study is a multinational observational study designed to follow up patients with diabetes who started insulin detemir (IDet) in routine care. Recruitment started in June 2004 and is ongoing in some countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 12-week follow-up data for patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the European cohort who, as part of basal-bolus therapy, switched from once- (qd) or twice-daily (bid) neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH) to qd IDet. End-points - evaluated from patients' records and diaries - were incidence of serious adverse drug reactions, glycaemic parameters, hypoglycaemia and weight change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3637 patients were included, n = 1500 T1D [mean age 40.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.0 kg/m(2), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 7.9%] and n = 2137 T2D (mean age 60.5 years, BMI 31.9 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 8.0%). IDet was well tolerated. Lower overall, major and nocturnal rates of hypoglycaemia were observed in T1D and T2D patients switching from NPH to IDet (overall, T1D: 38.2-18.56 episodes/patient year, p < 0.001; T2D: 13.8-3.3 [corrected] episodes/patient year, p < 0.001). Switching from bid NPH to qd IDet resulted in significant 12-week reductions in HbA(1c) (T1D: -0.40%; T2D: -0.56%; both p < 0.001). Switching from qd NPH to qd IDet, resulted in HbA(1c) reductions of: T1D -0.52%; T2D -0.56%; both p < 0.001. Fasting blood glucose levels were also significantly reduced in patients with T1D or T2D. Overall mean weight changes were: T1D: 0.0 kg, T2D: -0.2 kg after 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In routine care, patients with T1D or T2D may be switched from NPH to IDet qd as part of a basal-bolus regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. diabetes.centre@hse.ie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreenan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virkamäki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting