title: Awareness of expressivity deficits in non-demented Parkinson disease.
abstract: A masked facial expression, one of the hallmark features of Parkinson disease (PD), can form the basis for misattributions by others about a patient's mood or interest levels. Reports of preserved intensity of internal emotional experience in PD participants raise the question of whether patients are aware of their outward expressivity levels. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PD participants exhibit deficits in overall emotional expressivity, and if so, whether they are aware of these deficits. We evaluated 37 non-demented PD participants and 21 comparison participants using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ). To examine awareness of emotional expressivity, we compared participant self-ratings of their own expressivity to ratings made by family members or close friends. Participants also completed questionnaires regarding depression and apathy and underwent motor examination and cognitive screening. PD participants' self-ratings of emotional expressivity were significantly lower than comparison participants' self-ratings. Even so, the PD participants viewed themselves as experiencing equivalent levels of emotional intensity to comparison participants, based on analysis of the BEQ subscales. Informant and PD participant self-ratings did not differ, indicating that PD participants accurately appraise the extent of their reduced expressivity. These findings suggest that anosognosia for emotional expressivity is not a prominent feature of nondemented Parkinson disease. Importantly, PD participants are aware of their reduced expressivity and report experiencing emotions as intensely as comparison participants. These findings highlight the view that diminished emotional expressivity in PD should not be mistaken for decreased subjective emotional experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA. mikos@phhp.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Ania E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mikos
authors.forename: Utaka S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Anne N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Nisenzon
authors.forename: Ida L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kellison
authors.forename: Hubert H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires