title: Optimal loading for peak power output during the hang power clean in professional rugby players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability to develop high levels of muscle power is considered an essential component of success in many sporting activities; however, the optimal load for the development of peak power during training remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal load required to observe peak power output (PPO) during the hang power clean in professional rugby players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve professional rugby players performed hang power cleans on a portable force platform at loads of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of their predetermined 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) in a randomized and balanced order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative load had a significant effect on power output, with peak values being obtained at 80% of the subjects' 1-RM (4466 +/- 477 W; P < .001). There was no significant difference, however, between the power outputs at 50%, 60%, 70%, or 90% 1-RM compared with 80% 1-RM. Peak force was produced at 90% 1-RM with relative load having a significant effect on this variable; however, relative load had no effect on peak rate of force development or velocity during the hang power clean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that relative load has a significant effect on PPO during the hang power clean: Although PPO was obtained at 80% 1-RM, there was no significant difference between the loads ranging from 40% to 90% 1-RM. Individual determination of the optimal load for PPO is necessary in order to enhance individual training effects.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Sports Science, University of Wales, Swansea, Singleton Park, Wales.
authors.forename: Liam P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kilduff
authors.forename: Huw
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bevan
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Mike I C
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*