title: Confirmation of tubal patency in hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography by transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm tubal patency in hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) by transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility clinic at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six infertile women with a history of tubal risk factor(s) who underwent HyCoSy and THL between 2003 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  After performing HyCoSy, the tubal patency was verified by THL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 51 women and 101 tubes could be examined. Using HyCoSy, 61 of the tubes were considered patent and 40 occluded. THL confirmed 82 tubes patent and 19 occluded. Of 61 tubes found to be patent in HyCoSy, 60 were also patent in THL. In contrast, of 40 tubes occluded in HyCoSy only 18 tubes were confirmed to be occluded by THL. The concordance was 77%. The sensitivity of HyCoSy was 95%, the specificity 73%, the negative predictive value 98% and the positive predictive value 45%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HyCoSy is a reliable method when tubal patency is demonstrated. In cases of suspected tubal occlusion, THL is an inexpensive and safe outpatient procedure to exclude benign tubal spasm and confirm the presence of true occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. katja.ahinko-hakamaa@pshp.fi
authors.forename: Katja Maarit
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ahinko-Hakamaa
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tinkanen
mesh_terms: D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography / Q000379:methods; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride