title: Elevated C-reactive protein and long-term mortality after ischaemic stroke: relationship with markers of endothelial cell and platelet activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory biomarkers predict development of atherothrombotic events. In the present study we examined the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and long-term mortality after acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  CRP and C3 were analyzed by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 394 subjects with acute ischemic stroke who survived for >30 days, followed-up for a median of 7.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP was higher in subjects who died (10.8 mg/L; 95% CI, 9.1-12.8) compared with survivors (3.8 mg/L; 95% CI, 3.1-4.7), whereas C3 was similar in both groups (P=0.26). CRP remained predictive for mortality after adjusting for conventional clinical and demographic risk factors (the adjusted hazard ratio for those with CRP in the highest compared with the lowest quartile was 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1). However, CRP was no longer independently predictive of mortality after additionally adjusting for beta-thromboglobulin or von Willebrand factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the relationship between CRP and poststroke mortality may in part reflect inflammation-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and platelet activation.
authors.forename: Saran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shantikumar
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Catto
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000502:physiology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003176:Complement C3; D002097:C-Reactive Protein