Stereotype content model across cultures: towards universal similarities and some differences.
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross-cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in-groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high-competence/high-warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out-group derogation without obvious reference-group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.
Cuddy
Amy J C
AJ
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. acuddy@hbs.edu
Fiske
Susan T
ST
Kwan
Virginia S Y
VS
Glick
Peter
P
Demoulin
Stéphanie
S
Leyens
Jacques-Philippe
JP
Bond
Michael Harris
MH
Croizet
Jean-Claude
JC
Ellemers
Naomi
N
Sleebos
Ed
E
Htun
Tin Tin
TT
Kim
Hyun-Jeong
HJ
Maio
Greg
G
Perry
Judi
J
Petkova
Kristina
K
Todorov
Valery
V
Rodríguez-Bailón
Rosa
R
Morales
Elena
E
Moya
Miguel
M
Palacios
Marisol
M
Smith
Vanessa
V
Perez
Rolando
R
Vala
Jorge
J
Ziegler
Rene
R
D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003469:Culture; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping; D055815:Young Adult