title: Brain GABA levels in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A growing body of research supports an important role for GABA in the pathophysiology of bipolar and other mood disorders. The purpose of the current study was to directly examine brain GABA levels in a clinical sample of bipolar patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to examine whole brain and regional GABA, glutamate and glutamine in 13 patients with bipolar disorder compared to a matched group of 11 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in GABA, glutamate or glutamine between patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is needed to better characterize the GABAergic and glutamatergic effects of pharmacotherapy, anxiety comorbidity and clinical state in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ostacher
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pollack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid