title: Personality differences between depressed melancholic and non-melancholic inpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to confirm that non-melancholic depression corresponds to a higher degree of personality dysfunction compared to melancholia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 188 inpatients, with a main DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder, were classified as melancholic and non-melancholic according to CORE system, DSM-IV, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) Retarded Depression, and RDC Agitated Depression. Personality was assessed by means of the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire (T&P). Only patients at the nadir of their episode were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to non-melancholic depressives, patients with CORE melancholia scored lower on social avoidance and higher on effectiveness and cooperativeness; patients with RDC Retarded Depression scored lower on Anxious-Worrying and Cooperativeness; patients with RDC Agitated Depression scored lower on Social Avoidance, Rejection Sensitivity and Anxious-Worrying, and higher on Effectiveness; while patients with DSM-IV melancholia scored higher on Irritability and lower on Cooperativeness. Both CORE and RDC Agitated Depression were associated with higher scores of Perfectionism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis of an association of melancholic depression with less marked personality dysfunction was confirmed for CORE melancholia and RDC Agitated Depression, and not supported for DSM-IV melancholia. Mixed evidence was obtained for RDC Retarded Depression. Personality of melancholic depressives seems to be characterized not only by less dysfunction but also by perfectionism, akin to the features of Tellenbach's typus melancholicus.
authors.affiliation: Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, c/- Clinica S. Alessandro, Rome, Italy. i.rubino@med.uniroma2.it
authors.forename: I Alex
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanasi
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robone
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siracusano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult