title: Effects of early luteal-phase vaginal progesterone supplementation on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether early luteal-phase vaginal progesterone supplementation improves the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 197 women undergoing IVF-ET cycles with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the standard luteal-phase support. The participants were randomly assigned to either the study group or the control group. The study group was given 200 mg micronized progesterone vaginally three times per day starting in the afternoon of oocyte retrieval until the morning of embryo transfer, in addition to the standard hCG luteal-phase support. The control group received only the hCG support. The pregnancy rates and the implantation rates were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates or implantation rates between groups. However, subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher pregnancy and implantation rates in the study group among those women with fibroids or difficult oocyte retrieval involving uterine puncture (38.7% vs. 15.4% and 26.8% vs. 9.4% respectively, both p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional early luteal-phase vaginal progesterone supplementation may improve the outcome of IVF-ET in women with fibroids or difficult oocyte retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. lampomui@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Po
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mui Lam
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chun Cheung
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ping Cheung
authors.forename: Hung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ingrid Lok
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: John Haines
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone