title: Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children's toys.
abstract: This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections. In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10-40%) of the total weight of the toy. The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol 11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above.
authors.affiliation: Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, EX4 4PS, Exeter, UK. r.l.stringer@ex.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labunska
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siddorn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stephenson