title: Diagnosis and management of nasal congestion: the role of intranasal corticosteroids.
abstract: Nasal congestion is considered the most bothersome of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms and can significantly impair ability to function at work, home, and school. Effective management of AR-related nasal congestion depends on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Many individuals with AR and AR-related congestion remain undiagnosed and do not receive prescription medication. However, new tools intended to improve the diagnosis of nasal congestion have been developed and validated. Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe AR and also when nasal congestion is a prominent symptom. Double blind, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated greater efficacy of INSs versus placebo, antihistamines, or montelukast for relief of all nasal symptoms, especially congestion. Patient adherence to treatment also affects outcomes, and this may be influenced by patient preferences for the sensory attributes of an individual drug. Increased awareness of the effects of AR-related nasal congestion, the efficacy and safety of available pharmacotherapies, and barriers to adherence may improve clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The Cleveland Clinic, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. benninm@ccf.org
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benninger
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D014663:Nasal Decongestants