title: Is the clinical presentation different between men and women admitting to the sleep laboratory?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep and sleep disorders are different in several important ways between men and women. We aimed to investigate gender differences in initial symptoms and associating medical diseases of patients admitting to our sleep clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one patients, 20 women (22%) and 71 men (78%), admitting consecutively to the sleep clinic were studied. A detailed sleep and medical history of the patients was recorded. All patients were questioned for Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and underwent an entire night of diagnostic polysomnography. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was identified as the total number of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep. Hypopnea was defined as a decrease of airflow by at least 50% and desaturations were defined as >or=4% decrease in oxygen saturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values for age, body mass index, blood pressures and ESS score did not significantly differ between men and women, but AHI (events/h) was significantly higher in men (29.1 +/- 22.7) than women (17.9 +/- 17.7, p < 0.05). Snoring was the most common symptom in both men (95%) and women (90%). Among the main presenting complaints, only morning headache (12 of women 60%, 31 of men 43%, p = 0.04) and dry mouth on awakening (ten of women 50%, 57 of men 80%, p = 0.02) showed a significant difference between the two genders, while among the medical diseases only hypothyroidism (four of women 20% and three of men 4%, p = 0.03) and depression (nine of women 45% and 16 of men 22%, p = 0.02) were seen as statistically higher in women than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care physicians should be aware of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women and the importance of referring women for sleep studies when they complain of symptoms associated with OSA, even if other non-specific symptoms such as morning headaches are reported. Also, hypothyroidism and depression are accompanied with sleep disorders especially in women.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Department of Chest, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey. ndursunoglu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dursunoglu
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkurt
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarikaya
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology