title: Fact learning in complex arithmetic and figural-spatial tasks: the role of the angular gyrus and its relation to mathematical competence.
abstract: Neuroimaging studies have revealed a strong link between mental calculation and the angular gyrus (AG) which has been interpreted to reflect arithmetic fact retrieval. Moreover, a stronger AG activation in individuals with higher mathematical competence has been reported. The present fMRI study investigates the specificity of the AG for arithmetic fact learning and the interplay between training and mathematical competence on brain activation. Adults of lower and higher mathematical competence underwent a five-day training on sets of complex multiplication and figural-spatial problems. In the following fMRI test session, trained and untrained problems were presented. Similar training effects were observed in both problem types, consisting of AG activation increases bilaterally and wide-spread activation decreases in frontal and parietal regions. This finding indicates that the AG is not specifically involved in the learning of arithmetic facts. Competence-related differences in the AG only emerged in untrained but not in trained multiplication problems. The relation between AG activation and mathematical competence in arithmetic problem solving therefore seems to be due to differences in arithmetic fact retrieval which can be attenuated through training.
authors.affiliation: Research on Learning and Instruction, Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland. grabner@ifv.gess.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Roland H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Grabner
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ischebeck
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reishofer
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koschutnig
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delazer
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult