title: Polyacrylamide-grafted-alginate-based pH-sensitive hydrogel beads for delivery of ketoprofen to the intestine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
abstract: A pH-sensitive graft co-polymer of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and sodium alginate (SA) was synthesized by free radical polymerization under a nitrogen atmosphere followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The co-polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Ketoprofen-loaded graft co-polymer beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation/covalent cross-linking. The beads were characterized by swelling studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A pulsatile swelling study indicated that the co-polymer exhibits considerable pH-sensitive behavior. Release of ketoprofen was significantly increased when the pH of the medium was changed from acidic to alkaline. Stomach histopathology of albino rats indicated that the beads were able to retard the release of the drug in the stomach, and gastric side-effects like ulceration, hemorrhage and erosion of gastric mucosa were diminished when the drug was entrapped into PAAm-g-SA-based pH-sensitive hydrogel beads.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
authors.forename: Raghavendra V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sa
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000464:Alginates; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020100:Hydrogels; D007660:Ketoprofen; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C016680:polyacrylamide gels