title: O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase immunoexpression in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: are progressive tumors potential candidates for temozolomide treatment?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, no effective alternative treatment exists for progressive, regrowing, nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) that are resistant to conventional multimodality therapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) was proposed as a treatment option for pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary adenomas. Recently, it was suggested that the responsiveness of pituitary tumors to TMZ depends on the immunoexpression of O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Therefore, the authors of this report assessed MGMT expression in a series of patients with progressive, regrowing NFPAs to evaluate whether TMZ may serve as alternative treatment option.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, 45 patients with NFPAs were allocated to either a group with progressive, regrowing tumors (n = 24) or a tumor-free group (n = 21), which served as a control. MGMT expression was assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry (low expression was defined as <or=50% immunostained adenoma cells, and high expression was defined as >50% immunostained adenoma cells) and was compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of initial surgery, low MGMT expression was observed in 12 of 24 patients (50%) in the study group with progressive, regrowing NFPAs. In the control group of tumor-free patients, only 5 of 21 patients (24%) exhibited low MGMT expression. A comparable distribution of MGMT expression was observed in the specimens from repeat surgeries. A shorter interval to second surgery was observed in patients who had low MGMT expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data has suggested that half of the patients with progressive, regrowing NFPAs exhibit low MGMT expression and are potential candidates for treatment with TMZ. These findings provide a rationale for the use of TMZ as an alternative treatment approach in this subgroup if conventional therapy, including reoperation, radiosurgery, and radiotherapy, fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widhalm
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfsberger
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preusser
authors.forename: Adelheid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woehrer
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kotter
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marosi
authors.forename: Engelbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knosp
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D000077204:Temozolomide; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D000077204:Temozolomide