title: A direct RP-HPLC method for the determination of furanic aldehydes and acids in honey.
abstract: In this study 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), 2-furaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 2-furoic acid and 3-furoic acid are contemporarily determined in honey using a swift and direct RP-HPLC approach. The validation protocol was performed in terms of detection and quantification limits, precision (by repeatability and reproducibility), linearity and accuracy (by recovery tests); the acceptability of the precision and accuracy results was positively verified using Horwitz's model and AOAC guidelines, respectively. The method was tested on 18 honey samples of different ages, and botanical and geographical origin. HMF and 2-furaldehyde correlated highly with the age of the samples, whereas no correlation was observed with regards to 2-furaldehyde and 2-furoic acid. Hypotheses relating to the formation of minority furanic compounds are also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciulu
authors.forename: Ignazio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Floris
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panzanelli
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Pilo
authors.forename: Paola C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Piu
authors.forename: Severyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salis
authors.forename: Gavino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanna
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D005662:Furaldehyde; C060089:2-furoic acid