Retroviral integrase superfamily: the structural perspective.
The retroviral integrase superfamily (RISF) comprises numerous important nucleic acid-processing enzymes, including transposases, integrases and various nucleases. These enzymes are involved in a wide range of processes such as transposition, replication and repair of DNA, homologous recombination, and RNA-mediated gene silencing. Two out of the four enzymes that are encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus--RNase H1 and integrase--are members of this superfamily. RISF enzymes act on various substrates, and yet show remarkable mechanistic and structural similarities. All share a common fold of the catalytic core and the active site, which is composed primarily of carboxylate residues. Here, I present RISF proteins from a structural perspective, describing the individual members and the common and divergent elements of their structures, as well as the mechanistic insights gained from the structures of RNase H1 enzyme complexes with RNA/DNA hybrids.
Nowotny
Marcin
M
Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland. mnowotny@iimcb.gov.pl
D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D019281:Dimerization; D006868:Hydrolysis; D019426:Integrases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D005810:Multigene Family; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D019895:Transposases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D019426:Integrases; D019895:Transposases; D016914:Ribonuclease H; C078856:ribonuclease HI