title: Prevention of weight gain in adult patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone.
abstract: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is associated with weight gain. Our study was designed to examine the effectiveness of three lifestyle-treatment programs of varying intensity on prevention of pioglitazone-induced weight gain and to measure the composition of the change in body weight. Thirty-nine adult overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were all treated with pioglitazone and prospectively randomized to one of three lifestyle-treatment programs with increasing level of intensity for 24 weeks. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography, and multifrequency bioimpedance analysis both before and after therapy. Subjects demonstrated a "dose-response" effectiveness to three levels of lifestyle intervention to mitigate pioglitazone-induced weight gain. Mean (s.d.) weight change (kg) for the usual, standard, and intensive lifestyle groups were 4.9 +/- 4.9 (P = 0.005), 1.8 +/- 3.4 (P = 0.02), and -0.2 +/- 4.4 (NS) respectively. Total body fat increased 2.6 +/- 3.4 kg (P = 0.04) for the usual group and decreased for the intensive group -0.4 +/- 3.5 (NS). Change in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) did not differ between groups, although ratio of visceral/subcutaneous fat decreased for the standard and intensive groups (NS). Both usual (P < 0.05) and standard care (NS) groups gained total body water. This is the first prospective, randomized study that demonstrates the beneficial effect of participation in a comprehensive lifestyle-weight-management program on lessening of weight gain associated with pioglitazone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. rkushner@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sujak
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001823:Body Composition; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008019:Life Style; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D013972:Thyrotropin; D003404:Creatinine; D000077205:Pioglitazone