Chinese female nurses' perceptions of male genitalia-related care--Part 1.
OBJECTIVE
To explore Chinese female nurses' experiences of male genitalia-related care.


BACKGROUND
Male patients who require male genitalia-related care may have psychosocial and sexual concerns and needs. Nurses' attitudes and conduct in the provision of male genitalia-related care, if negative, may obviate meeting these needs. Previous research indicates that limited studies have been conducted focusing on nurses' perceptions, responses and attitudes towards male genitalia-related care. There is a dearth of knowledge about the practice of Chinese female nurses delivering male genitalia-related care, particularly given that physical contact between Chinese adults of different genders outside marriage is traditionally prohibited.


METHODS
This study is an exploratory qualitative study.


METHODS
Through purposive sampling, eight subjects were approached and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Digitally recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted. The strategies of long engagement, member checking, peer debriefing and journal writing were used to establish trustworthiness.


RESULTS
Two themes emerged from interviews: 'association with sexuality' and 'consequences'. The theme 'association with sexuality' comprised the sub-themes of 'being sexual', 'impact on intimate relationship' and 'emotional responses'. The theme 'consequences' was constituted by the sub-themes of 'care with preconditions', 'unavoidable responsibilities' and 'limited involvement with implicit approval'.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that Chinese female nurses' perceptions, responses and attitudes towards male genitalia-related care may be negative, with the consequence that the quality of male genitalia-related care might be compromised. The Chinese culture of sexual conservativeness may play a critical role.


CONCLUSIONS
Risks may be embedded in the practice of male genitalia-related care by Chinese female nurses. Particular attention, therefore, should be drawn to the possibility of adverse effects of Chinese female nurses delivering male genitalia-related care on them and their patients.
Zang
Yu-Li
YL
School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. yulizh@sdu.edu.cn
Chung
Loretta Y F
LY
Wong
Thomas K S
TK
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002681:China; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009732:Nursing Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D019529:Sexuality; D012938:Social Perception; D013609:Taboo