title: Neo-adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer with capecitabine and oxaliplatin in combination with radiotherapy: a phase II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative chemoradiation is now standard treatment for stages II-III rectal cancer. Capecitabine (CAP) and oxaliplatin (OX) are synergistic with radiotherapy (RT) and active in colorectal neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cycles of CAP 825 mg/m(2) b.i.d. (days 1-14) and OX 50 mg/m(2) (days 1 and 8) every 3 weeks were given concomitantly with pelvic conformal RT (45 Gy). Patients with a > or =T3 and/or node-positive rectal tumour were eligible. The pathologic tumour response was defined according to the tumour regression grade (TRG) scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients were enrolled. Gastrointestinal adverse events were mostly G1-G2; only two patients experienced G3 vomiting and diarrhoea and six patients had G1 peripheral neuropathy. Haematological toxicity was rare. G2 proctitis and anal pain occurred in two patients. Pathological complete response (TRG1) was observed in nine patients (20.9%; 95% CI 8.7%-33.1%); TRG2 in 19 patients (44.2%); TRG3 in 12 patients (27.9%); and TRG4 in three patients (7%). Overall, nine patients recurred: five with distant metastases, one with local recurrence, and three with both local recurrence and distant metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAP-OX-RT as preoperative treatment for rectal cancer induces a remarkable rate of complete or near-complete pathologically documented response and is well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Departmant of Endocrinology and Molecular and Clinical Oncology, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy. chiara.carlomagno@unina.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlomagno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: D'Armiento
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cannella
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Stefano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solla
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: D'Armiento
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Placido
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil