title: Prevalence and awareness of CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to end-stage renal disease and is a growing epidemic throughout the world. In the United States, African Americans have an incidence of end-stage renal disease 4 times that of whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional to examine the prevalence and awareness of CKD in African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), the presence of albuminuria, or dialysis therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the JHS were analyzed. Medical history, including disease awareness and drug therapy, anthropometric measurements, and serum and urine samples, were obtained from JHS participants at the baseline visit. Associations between CKD prevalence and awareness and selected demographic, socioeconomic, health care access, and disease status parameters were assessed by using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD in the JHS was 20%; CKD awareness was only 15.8%. Older participants had a greater prevalence, but also were more aware of CKD. Hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increasing age and waist circumference, and being single or less physically active were associated with CKD. Only advancing CKD stage was associated with awareness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional assessment, single urine measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JHS has a high prevalence and low awareness of CKD, especially in those with less severe disease status. This emphasizes the need for earlier diagnosis and increased education of health care providers and the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA. mflessner@medicine.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Flessner
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Ermeg L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Akylbekova
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fulop
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Herman A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000419:Albuminuria; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology