title: Associations between aerobic and muscular fitness and cardiovascular disease risk: the northern Ireland young hearts study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear what the relative contribution is of specific components of physical fitness (aerobic and muscular) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated associations between aerobic fitness (endurance) and muscular fitness (power) and CVD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Young Hearts project, a representative sample of 12- and 15-year-old boys and girls from Northern Ireland (N = 2016). Aerobic fitness was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test, muscular fitness by the Sargent jump test. CVD risk factors included sum of skinfolds, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, and TC:HDL ratio. Several linear regression analyses were conducted for 4 age and gender groups separately, with the risk factor as the outcome variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations between aerobic fitness and a healthy CVD risk profile were found. These observed relationships were independent of power, whereas the (few) relationships between muscular fitness and the risk factors were partly explained by endurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tailored, preventive strategies during adolescence, incorporating endurance rather than power sports, could be encouraged to help prevent CVD. This is important because existing studies propose that healthiness during adulthood is founded on healthiness in adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Trynke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boreham
authors.forename: Liam J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Jos W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System; D009660:Northern Ireland; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol