title: TRIP-Br2 promotes oncogenesis in nude mice and is frequently overexpressed in multiple human tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Members of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of mammalian transcriptional coregulators have recently been implicated in E2F-mediated cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. We, herein, focus on the detailed functional characterization of the least understood member of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD protein family, TRIP-Br2 (SERTAD2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Oncogenic potential of TRIP-Br2 was demonstrated by (1) inoculation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, which were engineered to stably overexpress ectopic TRIP-Br2, into athymic nude mice for tumor induction and (2) comprehensive immunohistochemical high-throughput screening of TRIP-Br2 protein expression in multiple human tumor cell lines and human tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). Clinicopathologic analysis was conducted to assess the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker of human cancer. RNA interference of TRIP-Br2 expression in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells was performed to determine the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel chemotherapeutic drug target.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of TRIP-Br2 is sufficient to transform murine fibroblasts and promotes tumorigenesis in nude mice. The transformed phenotype is characterized by deregulation of the E2F/DP-transcriptional pathway through upregulation of the key E2F-responsive genes CYCLIN E, CYCLIN A2, CDC6 and DHFR. TRIP-Br2 is frequently overexpressed in both cancer cell lines and multiple human tumors. Clinicopathologic correlation indicates that overexpression of TRIP-Br2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a worse clinical outcome by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Small interfering RNA-mediated (siRNA) knockdown of TRIP-Br2 was sufficient to inhibit cell-autonomous growth of HCT-116 cells in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies TRIP-Br2 as a bona-fide protooncogene and supports the potential for TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker and a chemotherapeutic drug target in human cancer.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jitkong.cheong@duke-nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Jit Kong
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Lakshman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gunaratnam
authors.forename: Zhi Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: Khe Guan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Bee Keow
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Peh
authors.forename: Suhaimi Bin Abdul
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bonventre
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salto-Tellez
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins
chemical_list: D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C426827:SERTAD2 protein, human; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins; C486065:Sertad2 protein, mouse