title: Intraocular sustained-release delivery systems for triamcinolone acetonide.
abstract: Recently, the use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection has increased dramatically in treatment for several ocular diseases. Among them, macular diseases such as macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusive diseases, ocular inflammation and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are very common vision threatening disorders and are great challenges to treat. In these types of chronic retinal diseases, repeated intraocular injections of TA are often required which increases the likelihood of complications. In order to achieve sustained-release, maintain therapeutic levels of TA over longer times and reduce frequency of intravitreal injections, researchers are investigating different implantable devices or injectable systems. However, as of yet, there is no sustained-release product for TA available on the commercial market. This review discusses and compares different sustained-release devices or injectable systems that are currently being developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Saffar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.forename: Baruch D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kenney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002404:Catheterization; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004343:Drug Implants; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008863:Microspheres; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide