title: Diagnostic options for early identification and management of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this article were to discuss options for diagnosing interstitial cystitis (IC), to compare approaches and to encourage early diagnosis of this disorder in the primary care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experts discussed the tools available to diagnose IC and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Treatment options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, were also discussed. The importance of patient follow-up was emphasised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic options for IC include a thorough history and physical examination, laboratory evaluations, symptom screening tools, cystoscopy with hydrodistention, bladder biopsy, potassium sensitivity testing, intravesical anaesthetic challenges, urodynamics and urinary markers. Treatment options include oral and intravesical medications, dietary modification and physical therapy. Patient follow-up can be an opportunity to educate and empower patients to participate in their treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thorough patient history, physical examination and laboratory evaluations are keys to the diagnosis of IC. Optional diagnostic approaches may help increase physician confidence in prescribing therapy for this disorder. Multimodal therapy with an emphasis on patient education can help ensure success in treating IC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the options available to diagnose IC may result in earlier identification and treatment for some patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Urologic Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK 74146, USA. jforrest@sjmc.org
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldwin
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D011188:Potassium; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D015415:Biomarkers; D011188:Potassium