title: Visual fixation in Chiari type II malformation.
abstract: Chiari type II malformation is a congenital deformity of the hindbrain. Square wave jerks are horizontal involuntary saccades that interrupt fixation. Cerebellar disorders may be associated with frequent square wave jerks or saccadic oscillations such as ocular flutter. The effects of Chiari type II malformation on visual fixation are unknown. We recorded eye movements using an eye tracker in 21 participants with Chiari type II malformation, aged 8 to 19 years while they fixated a target for 1 minute. Thirty-eight age-matched healthy participants served as controls. Square wave jerks' parameters were similar in the 2 groups. Saccadic oscillations were not seen. Chiari type II malformation is not associated with pathological square wave jerks or abnormal saccadic oscillations. The congenital nature of this deformity may permit compensation that preserves stable visual fixation. Alternatively, the deformity of Chiari type II malformation may spare parts of the cerebellum that usually cause fixation instability when damaged.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. msalman@ hsc.mb.ca
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lillakas
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Steinbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012438:Saccades; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult