title: [Inductions and intubating conditions with sevoflurane and different doses of remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the clinical effectiveness of inductions and tracheal intubating conditions with 3% sevoflurane and different doses of remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 120 peadiatric patients (aged 4-10 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I for inhalational induction) were randomly allocated into group I (remifentanil 1 microg/kg), group II (remifentanil 2 microg/kg), group III (remifentanil 3 microg/kg), and control group (vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg). After inhalational induction with 3% sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in 40% oxygen for 2 minutes, remifentanil 1 microg/kg, 2 microg/ kg, and 3 microg/kg were intravenously injected over 1 minute into patients in group I , group II, and group III, respectively. After remifentanil administration and manual ventilation for 1 minute, the trachea was intubated. In the control group, 2 minutes after intravenous administration of vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg, tracheal intubation was attempted. Agitation, intubating satisfactoriness, and the circulation changes after tracheal intubation and anesthesia induction were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these four groups, agitation occurred in 37.5% of patients during sevoflurane induction. Satisfactory intubation rate was 70.0% in group I, 86.7% in group II, 90.0% in group III, and 93.3% in the control group. Compared with the control group, the impact of tracheal intubation on the circulatory system was smaller in group I , II , and III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction with 3% sevoflurane combined with remifentanil can be smoothly performed, followed by the successful tracheal intubation. The intubating conditions are more satisfactory with 3% sevoflurane combined with remifentanil 2 microg/kg or 3 microg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100144, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ju-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mao-Ping
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shi-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Yan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Kun-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil