title: Avoiding hospital admission through provision of hospital care at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Avoidance of admission through provision of hospital care at home is a scheme whereby health care professionals provide active treatment in the patient's home for a condition that would otherwise require inpatient treatment in an acute care hospital. We sought to compare the effectiveness of this method of caring for patients with that type of in-hospital care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and EconLit databases and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group register from the earliest date in each database until January 2008. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated a service providing an alternative to admission to an acute care hospital. We excluded trials in which the program did not offer a substitute for inpatient care. We performed meta-analyses for trials for which the study populations had similar characteristics and for which common outcomes had been measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 10 randomized trials (with a total of 1327 patients) in our systematic review. Seven of these trials (with a total of 969 patients) were deemed eligible for meta-analysis of individual patient data, but we were able to obtain data for only 5 of these trials (with a total of 844 patients [87%]). There was no significant difference in mortality at 3 months for patients who received hospital care at home (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-1.09, p = 0.15). However, at 6 months, mortality was significantly lower for these patients (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.87, p = 0.005). Admissions to hospital were greater, but not significantly so, for patients receiving hospital care at home (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.96-2.33, p = 0.08). Patients receiving hospital care at home reported greater satisfaction than those receiving inpatient care. These programs were less expensive than admission to an acute care hospital ward when the analysis was restricted to treatment actually received and when the costs of informal care were excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For selected patients, avoiding admission through provision of hospital care at home yielded similar outcomes to inpatient care, at a similar or lower cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. sasha.shepperd@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shepperd
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliffe
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.forename: Nicoletta Aimonio
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ricauda
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tibaldi
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003363:Cost Control; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005060:Europe; D018575:Home Care Services, Hospital-Based / Q000191:economics; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome