title: Usefulness of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A proteins as biomarkers for atherothrombotic ischemic stroke diagnosis confirmation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify protein biomarkers in order to classify ischemic stroke subtypes using proteomic analysis and immunoenzymatic tools for clinical validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a proteomic analysis in serum samples of 24 patients with ischemic stroke (12 atherothrombotic patients and 12 cardioembolic patients). In this study, based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry we found four spots whose expression intensity was at least four times stronger in atherothrombotic patients than in cardioembolic patients. These spots were identified as haptoglobin related protein, serum amyloid A (two spots) and haptoglobin alpha chain. We validated the possible value of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in a larger series of patients (n=262) with ischemic stroke using ELISA techniques. Haptoglobin levels >1040microg/mL identified atherothrombotic patients with 95% sensitivity and 88% specificity whereas serum amyloid A levels >160microg/mL identified atherothrombotic patients with 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are useful biomarkers for atherothrombotic ischemic stroke diagnosis confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brea
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agulla
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Yáñez
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pérez de la Ossa
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leira
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006242:Haptoglobins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein