title: The distribution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Cameroon: an update.
abstract: Insecticides are a key component of vector-based malaria control programmes in Cameroon. As part of ongoing resistance surveillance efforts, Anopheles gambiae s.l. female mosquitoes were exposed to organochlorine (DDT), a carbamate (bendiocarb), an organophosphate (malathion), and three pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin) in WHO bioassay test kits. Results indicated a higher level of resistance (reduced mortality and knockdown effect) to DDT and pyrethroids in populations of A. gambiae s.s. than in A. arabiensis. The West and East African knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were found in both species but at much higher frequencies in A. gambiae s.s. The West Africa kdr mutant was also more frequent in the A. gambiae S form than in the M form. No resistance to bendiocarb and malathion was found. Carbamate and organophosphorous compounds could thus be used as alternatives in locations in Cameroon where pyrethroid-resistant populations are found.
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health, P.O. Box 14386, Yaoundé, Cameroon. ndjemaihamadou@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Hamadou N M
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ndjemaï
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patchoké
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atangana
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etang
authors.forename: Fréderic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simard
authors.forename: Charles F Bilong
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bilong
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornel
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lanzaro
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fondjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002163:Cameroon; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics*; D007300:Insect Control; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D003634:DDT