title: Use of high fidelity operating room simulation to assess and teach communication, teamwork and laparoscopic skills: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Structured opportunities for learning communication, teamwork and laparoscopic principles are limited for urology residents. We evaluated and taught teamwork, communication and laparoscopic skills to urology residents in a simulated operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scenarios related to laparoscopy (insufflator failure, carbon dioxide embolism) were developed using mannequins, urology residents and nurses. These scenarios were developed based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies and performed in a simulation center. Between the pretest scenario (insufflation failure) and the posttest scenario (carbon dioxide embolism) instruction was given on teamwork, communication and laparoscopic skills. A total of 19 urology residents participated in the training that involved participation in at least 2 scenarios. Performance was evaluated using validated teamwork instruments, questionnaires and videotape analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvement was noted on validated teamwork instruments between scenarios based on resident (pretest 24, posttest 27, p = 0.01) and expert (pretest 16, posttest 25, p = 0.008) evaluation. Increased teamwork and team performance were also noted between scenarios on videotape analysis with significant improvement for adherence to best practice (p = 0.01) and maintenance of positive rapport among team members (p = 0.02). Significant improvement in the setup of the laparoscopic procedure was observed (p = 0.01). Favorable face and content validity was noted for both scenarios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teamwork, intraoperative communication and laparoscopic skills of urology residents improved during the high fidelity simulation course. Face and content validity of the individual sessions was favorable. In this study high fidelity simulation was effective for assessing and teaching Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies related to intraoperative communication, teamwork and laparoscopic skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, and the Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
authors.forename: Claudio W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lipsky
authors.forename: Torrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jacqueline J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Leibovich
authors.forename: R Jeffrey
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008348:Manikins; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*