title: Bronchial epithelial cells cultured from clinically stable lung allograft patients promote the development of macrophages from monocytes rather than dendritic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is understood that chronic allograft failure occurs as a result of alloimmune and non-alloimmune injury. Dendritic cells (DC) are thought to be crucial in regulating (allo)immune airway damage and interactions with epithelial cells are likely. Studies in human lung transplantation are limited, however, and the available literature on DC is inconsistent. This study focused on the ex vivo influence of primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from lung allografts on DC differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epithelial cell conditioned media (ECCM) were added to monocytes differentiating into DC under the influence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The resultant cells were compared with DC cultured without ECCM and with monocyte-derived macrophages. Expression of typical DC (eg, CD1a) and macrophage (eg, CD14) markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Phenotypical assessments were complemented by functional studies of mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis (FITC-dextran uptake) and antigen-presenting capability (mixed lymphocyte reactions).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells exposed to ECCM expressed significantly lower levels of CD1a than unexposed DC. CD14 expression and phagocytic function were increased. ECCM cultured cells also expressed lower levels of T cell co-stimulatory molecules, secreted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and had significantly reduced antigen-presenting capability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using phenotypic and functional approaches, this study has shown that ECCM from lung allografts drives the production of macrophage-like cells from monocytes rather than DC. The data suggest that epithelial cells may restrain airway DC and potential alloimmunity. It is unclear whether the observed effect is specifically seen in lung transplant recipients or is a general property of bronchial epithelial cells. This may reflect a homeostatic inter-relationship between airway epithelial and DC populations relevant both to lung allografts and the lung more generally.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. chris.ward@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diboll
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haniffa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodlie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lordan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Corris
authors.forename: C M U
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hilkens
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010641:Phenotype; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous