title: Benzo[a]pyrene promotes proliferation of human lung cancer cells by accelerating the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
abstract: Smoking is an independent prognostic factor of lung adenocarcinoma. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is one of the strongest carcinogens and it is present in both the environment and cigarette smoke. In this study, the effect of B[a]P on the proliferative activity of lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated. A lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, was cultured with B[a]P for various periods, and its proliferative activity was examined by an MTS assay. To investigate the intracellular events related to the proliferative activity, the gene expression profile was investigated by a microarray analysis and a quantitative RT-PCR, and the protein expression and activation status of Akt, ERK 1/2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were examined by a western blot analysis. Following the culture with B[a]P for 24 weeks, the serum-independent proliferative activity was increased. A microarray analysis revealed that a reversible upregulation of the EGFR and epiregulin genes was recognized in the B[a]P treated cells, in which the overexpression of the phosphorylated EGFR protein was also recognized. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor reduced the cellular proliferation and the level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which is a downstream signal of the EGFR, in the B[a]P-treated A549 cells. Moreover, the B[a]P treatment increased the mRNA expressions of the ligands for EGFR such as amphiregulin and epiregulin. B[a]P increases the proliferative potential of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the EGFR signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. kometani.t@nk-cc.go.jp
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kometani
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Tokujiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000077156:Gefitinib; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib