title: Hwanggunchungyitang prevents cadmium-induced ototoxicity through suppression of the activation of caspase-9 and extracellular signal-related kinase in auditory HEI-OC1 cells.
abstract: Hwanggunchungyitang (HGCYT) is a newly designed herbal drug formula for the purpose of treating auditory diseases. A number of heavy metals have been associated with toxic effects to the peripheral or central auditory system. Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a heavy metal and a potent carcinogen implicated in tumor development through occupational and environmental exposure. However, the auditory effect of Cd(2+) is not poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether HGCYT prevent the ototoxic effects induced by Cd(2+) in auditory cell line, HEI-OC1. HGCYT inhibited the cell death, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), activation of caspase-9, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) induced by Cd(2+). In addition, we observed that cochlear hair cells in middle turn were damaged by Cd(2+). However, HGCYT prevented the destruction of hair cell arrays of the rat primary organ of Corti explants in the presence of Cd(2+). These results support the notion that ROS are involved in Cd(2+) ototoxicity and suggest HGCYT therapeutic usefulness, against Cd(2+)-induced activation of caspase-9 and ERK.
authors.affiliation: VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bong-Gi
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Cheol
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Noh-Yil
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.forename: Phil-Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jeong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Na-Hyung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Seob
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Rae-Kil
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002104:Cadmium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C539018:hwanggunchungyitang; D002104:Cadmium; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D053453:Caspase 9; C022616:thiazolyl blue