title: Further validation of the nonverbal pain scale in intensive care patients.
abstract: Pain assessment is difficult but vital for sedated patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICUs. Few nonverbal scales have been developed for assessing pain, and few studies of their validity and reliability have been published. The authors compare the original and revised versions of the Nonverbal Pain Scale in sedated patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an ICU and present the results.
authors.affiliation: Mount Marty College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. annemarie81@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kabes
authors.forename: Janet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009329:Nebraska; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results