title: Implantation of alloplastic material increases survival of mice subsequently exposed to polymicrobial sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Major surgery can modulate the immune system and by this the clinical course of following complications. Effects of minor surgical treatments on the immune system and septic complications are poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of a minor surgical procedure--the implantation of an osmotic pump--on the outcome of experimental polymicrobial sepsis (colon ascendens stent-induced peritonitis, CASP) in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals with pumps implanted 3 days prior to CASP showed an attenuated clinical course of sepsis and increased survival. While measured serum cytokine levels were not affected by the minor surgical stress of pump implantation, splenocyte secretion of IFN-gamma in response to lipopolysaccharide was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early implantation of alloplastic material modulates the immune system and leads to an increased survival of a polymicrobial sepsis. Identifying the molecular nature of this effect might point the way to a new therapeutic approach to reduce sepsis mortality.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Visceral-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23b, 17457, Greifswald, Germany. wkessler@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebker
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poetschke
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cziupka
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traeger
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westerholt
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehmcke
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neher
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Claus-Dieter
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Heidecke
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D044682:Colon, Ascending; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides