title: Five-year predictive validity of DSM-IV conduct disorder research diagnosis in 4(1/2)-5-year-old children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal study of a non-referred, population-based sample tested the 5-year predictive validity of the DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD) research diagnosis in children 4(1/2)-5 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the E-Risk Study, a representative birth cohort of 2,232 children, mothers were interviewed and teachers completed mailed questionnaires to assess children's past 6-month CD symptoms. A follow-up assessment was conducted when children were 10 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD-diagnosed 5-year-olds were significantly more likely than controls to have behavioural and educational difficulties at age 10. Increased risk for age-10 educational difficulties persisted after controlling for age-5 IQ and ADHD diagnosis. Although the majority of CD-diagnosed 5-year-olds had no CD symptoms at age 10, findings suggest that these "remitted" children continued to experience behavioural and educational problems 5 years later despite their apparent remission from CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DSM-IV CD symptoms validly identify preschool-aged children who continue to have behavioural and educational problems in middle-childhood.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. julia.Kim-cohen@yale.edu
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim-Cohen
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arseneault
authors.forename: Rhiannon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cant
authors.forename: Kira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Ania
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golaszewski
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelesidi
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mountain
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oxley
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Werts
authors.forename: Avshalom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.forename: Terrie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moffitt
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index