title: The effect of ex vivo anticoagulants on whole blood platelet aggregation.
abstract: Pre- and intraoperative platelet function monitoring is increasingly recommended in order to detect risk factors for bleeding and to target coagulation management. The ideal anticoagulant for accurate platelet aggregometry remains controversial. The aim of this experimental trial was to compare platelet aggregability in whole blood stored in citrate, heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors. Whole blood was drawn from 11 healthy adult volunteers who had not taken any medication in the previous 14 days. Blood was stored in trisodium citrate, unfractionated heparin, melagatran, lepirudin and argatroban. Platelet aggregation was performed using the impedance aggregometer Multiplate (Dynabyte, Munich, Germany) with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), collagen, arachidonic acid and ristocetin as agonists. Samples were analysed immediately after blood sampling (baseline), as well as 30 and 120 min afterwards. At baseline there were no significant differences in aggregability between samples containing direct thrombin inhibitors and heparin. In contrast, aggregation in response to all agonists except for ristocetin was significantly impaired in citrated blood. During storage the response to arachidonic acid and collagen was maintained by direct thrombin inhibitors and heparin, whereas ADP-, TRAP- and ristocetin-induced aggregation varied considerably over time in all ex vivo anticoagulants tested. Pre-analytical procedures should be standardized because storage duration and anticoagulants significantly affect platelet aggregability in whole blood. For point-of-care monitoring with immediate analysis after blood withdrawal all tested direct thrombin inhibitors as well as unfractionated heparin can be used as anticoagulants whereas citrate is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Madeleine L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kalb
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potura
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scharbert
authors.forename: Sibylle A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kozek-Langenecker
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001384:Azetidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006629:Hirudins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012310:Ristocetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; C082835:thrombin receptor peptide (42-47); D012310:Ristocetin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; C109573:melagatran; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006493:Heparin; D003094:Collagen; D001120:Arginine; C031942:argatroban; C083544:lepirudin