title: Testosterone replacement therapy in the climacteric: benefits beyond sexuality.
abstract: Testosterone therapy during menopause has a wide range of benefits that reach beyond the realm of human sexuality. This is a consequence not only of the widespread distribution of androgen receptors in various extragonadal tissues but also of the conversion of androgens to estrogens in the tissues in which aromatase expression is present. For this reason, testosterone therapy during the climacteric years will not only supply androgens but will also stimulate estrogen production in tissues that express aromatase. Furthermore, the bioavailability of androgens to the tissues depends not only on the rate of their production by the postmenopausal ovaries and adrenals but also on the circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Tibolone inhibits SHBG production in the liver, thus increasing free testosterone levels. The association of tibolone with testosterone as a form of androgen replacement therapy during the climacteric is discussed, as is the use of low-dose testosterone, tibolone or the association of both in perimenopausal patients with signs of androgen deficiency. Testosterone treatment has a boosting effect not only on human sexuality but also on the sensation of well-being, a stimulatory effect conferred by the increase in beta-endorphins.
authors.affiliation: CEPARH, Rua Caetano Moura 35, Salvador, Brazil. ceparh@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casoy
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valente
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects; D017697:Premenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019529:Sexuality / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D013739:Testosterone