title: A genetic strategy to control expression of human blood group antigens in red blood cells generated in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to generate red blood cells of a chosen blood group phenotype would be a major advance in transfusion when considering low- and high-frequency blood group antigens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing erythroid differentiation in vitro were genetically manipulated with human immunodeficiency virus Type 1-derived lentiviral vectors expressing hUT-B1 cDNA (overexpression strategy) or bicistronic vectors expressing both enhanced green fluorescent protein and a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed to silence SLC14A1(JK) gene that encodes hUT-B1 protein (silencing strategy). Resulting cell populations were analyzed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting and gel affinity column assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When transduced with hUT-B1 cDNA lentiviral vectors encoding JK*B and JK*A alleles, respectively, CD34+ cell-derived erythroid populations from Jk(a+b-) and Jk(a-b+) donors exhibited a Jk(a+b+) phenotype different from the original phenotype. In concomitant tests, Jk(a+b+) donor cells transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying a shRNA designed to interfere with hUT-B1 transcription showed a marked decrease in hUT-B1 expression and were assessed as null for Jk antigen by a routine assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work focusing on the Kidd blood group system that relies on expression of hUT-B1 glycoprotein under the Jk(a) or Jk(b) antigenic configurations, we demonstrated that hematopoietic progenitors could be genetically modified to exhibit a chosen Kidd phenotype. Beyond production of atypical Kidd phenotypes, this genetic strategy could allow generation of rare blood phenotypes from hematopoietic stem cells regardless of initial donor phenotype. Potential applications for genetically modified blood include production of control samples for immunohematologic testing and for resolution of antibody detection in multiply transfused patients.
authors.affiliation: Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée, UMR 6578-CNRS/Université de la Méditerranée/EFS, Laboratoire Hématologie Moléculaire, Marseille, France. claude.bagnis@efs.sante.fr
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bagnis
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chapel
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiaroni
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bailly
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007667:Kidd Blood-Group System; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods*; D000096982:Urea Transporters
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007667:Kidd Blood-Group System; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000096982:Urea Transporters