title: Maxillofacial injuries and violence against women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patterns of facial injuries differed between those of female assault victims with maxillofacial injuries and those of female patients with maxillofacial injuries from other causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical and dental records of 326 adult female facial trauma patients treated by otolaryngologists and oral/maxillofacial surgeons at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Information abstracted included date of injury, dates of presentation for medical attention, mechanism(s) of injury, diagnoses, and treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While victims of intimate partner violence were more likely to have zygomatic complex fractures, orbital blow-out fractures, and intracranial injuries than were other patients with facial trauma, women assaulted by unknown or unidentified assailants were more likely to have mandible fractures (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results in conjunction with other presenting circumstances, such as delay in presentation, can assist the surgeon treating patients with maxillofacial injury in recognizing interpersonal violence against women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Ste 102, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. oneida.arosarena@temple.edu
authors.forename: Oneida A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Arosarena
authors.forename: Travis A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Yichung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Behrad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aynehchi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult