title: Tissue Doppler echocardiography in persons with hypertension, diabetes, or ischaemic heart disease: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) reveals reduced myocardial function in hypertension, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within a large, community-based population study, cardiac function was evaluated in 1036 participants by both conventional echocardiography and colour TDI. Peak systolic (s') and early diastolic (e') velocities, longitudinal displacement (LD), and the ratio of mitral inflow E-wave to e' (E/e') were measured. TDI revealed significantly impaired parameters of systolic and diastolic cardiac function in hypertension [n = 345; LD 10.1 (+/-standard deviation, SD 2.0 mm), P < 0.001; E/e' 12.4 (x/SD 1.4), P < 0.001], diabetes [n = 65; LD 9.8 (+/-SD 2.2 mm), P < 0.001; E/e' 12.7 (x/SD 1.5), P < 0.001], and IHD [n = 93; LD 9.4 (+/-SD 2.5 mm), P < 0.001; E/e' 13.0 (x/SD 1.5), P < 0.001] compared with controls [n = 533; LD 11.4 (+/-SD 2.0 mm); E/e' 9.0 (x/SD 1.3)]. This pattern remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, heart rate, and the results of conventional echocardiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population, persons with hypertension, diabetes, or IHD have impaired cardiac function by TDI independently of the result of conventional echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen City Heart Study, Epidemiological Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Rasmus.Mogelvang@get2net.dk
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mogelvang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sogaard
authors.forename: Sune A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Niels T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnohr
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013599:Systole