title: Meta-analysis of the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and coronary heart disease risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) lowering and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction for various lipid-modifying therapies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Non-HDL-C is the second lipid target of therapy after low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized placebo or active-controlled trials were evaluated. The effect of mean non-HDL-C reduction on the relative risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death was estimated using Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis models adjusted for study duration. Cochrane's Q was used to test for heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inclusion criteria were met by 14 statin (n = 100,827), 7 fibrate (n = 21,647), and 6 niacin (n = 4,445) trials, and 1 trial each of a bile acid sequestrant (n = 3,806), diet (n = 458), and ileal bypass surgery (n = 838). For statins, each 1% decrease in non-HDL-C resulted in an estimated 4.5-year CHD relative risk of 0.99 (95% Bayesian confidence interval: 0.98 to 1.00). The fibrate model did not differ from the statin model (Bayes factor K = 0.49) with no evidence of heterogeneity. The niacin model was moderately different from the statin model (K = 7.43), with heterogeneity among the trials (Q = 11.8, 5 df; p = 0.038). The only niacin monotherapy trial (n = 3,908) had a 1:1 relationship between non-HDL-C and risk reduction. No consistent relationships were apparent for the 5 small trials of niacin in combination. The 95% confidence intervals for the single trials of diet, bile acid sequestrants, and surgery also included the 1:1 relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-HDL-C is an important target of therapy for CHD prevention. Most lipid-modifying drugs used as monotherapy have an approximately 1:1 relationship between percent non-HDL-C lowering and CHD reduction.
authors.affiliation: Lipid Research Clinic, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. jennifer-g-robinson@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Songfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009525:Niacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D009525:Niacin; D002995:Clofibric Acid