title: Exercise prescription for chronic back or neck pain: who prescribes it? who gets it? What is prescribed?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe exercise prescription in routine clinical practice for individuals with chronic back or neck pain because, although current practice guidelines promote exercise for chronic back and neck pain, little is known about exercise prescription in routine care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a computer-assisted telephone survey of a representative sample of individuals (n = 684) with chronic back or neck pain who saw a physician, chiropractor, and/or physical therapist (PT) in the past 12 months. Individuals were asked about whether they were prescribed exercise, the amount of supervision received, and the type, duration, and frequency of the prescribed exercise. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 684 subjects, 48% were prescribed exercise. Of those prescribed exercise, 46% received the prescription from a PT, 29% from a physician, 21% from a chiropractor, and 4% from other. In multivariable analyses, seeing a PT or a chiropractor were the strongest predictors of exercise prescription. The likelihood of exercise prescription was increased in women, those with higher education, and those receiving worker's compensation. PTs were more likely to provide supervision and prescribe strengthening exercises compared with physicians and chiropractors, and were more likely to prescribe stretching exercises compared with physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that exercise is being underutilized as a treatment for chronic back and neck pain and, to some extent, that the amount of supervision and types of exercises prescribed do not follow current practice guidelines. Exercise prescription provided by PTs appears to be most in line with current guidelines.
authors.affiliation: The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590, USA. janet_freburger@unc.edu
authors.forename: Janet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Freburger
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Liana D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Castel
authors.forename: Jane D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Darter
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jackman
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D001416:Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D010820:Physicians; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D055656:Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*