title: Low rate of endophthalmitis in a large series of open globe injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the percentage of patients in whom endophthalmitis developed after open globe injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of all patients (675 in total) treated surgically for open globe injury at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2007 were reviewed. Cases with at least 30 days of follow-up were included in statistical analyses (558 in total). A standardized treatment protocol was used in all cases. Intravenous vancomycin and ceftazidime were started on admission and were stopped after 48 hours. Patients were discharged on topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cycloplegia. Surgical repairs were performed by the chief of trauma, a full-time position rotating yearly, who is on call for all open globe trauma. Data collection variables included timing of injury and repair, mechanism of injury, details of surgical repair, and details of follow-up such as duration, presence of complications, and vision. A primary outcome measure of endophthalmitis and secondary outcome measure of risk factors for endophthalmitis were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 7.5 years, 675 open globe injuries were treated at MEEI. Of these, 558 had at least 30 days of follow-up (mean, 11 months) and were used in statistical analyses. The overall percentage of endophthalmitis was 0.9% (3 culture-positive cases and 2 culture-negative cases). Four of the 5 cases achieved final acuity of 20/80 or better. Risk factors for endophthalmitis included intraocular foreign body (P = .03; odds ratio, 7.52) and primary intraocular lens placement (P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A standardized protocol including surgical repair by a dedicated eye trauma service and 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics was associated with a posttraumatic endophthalmitis percentage of less than 1%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. christopher_andreoli@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: Audrey E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ahuero
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vavvas
authors.forename: Marlene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Durand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents