title: Magnesium sulfate reduces postoperative morphine requirement after remifentanil-based anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption after remifentanil-based anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women 18 to 65 years old were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. The study solutions were randomly preoperatively prepared for groups M (magnesium) and R (normal saline). A bolus of 0.2 ml/kg of study solution (30 mg/kg magnesium or saline) was given before induction of anesthesia and infusion was started at a rate of 3.3 ml/h (500 mg/h magnesium or saline). A 1 microg/kg loading dose of remifentanil following infusion was started at a rate of 0.25 micro g/kg/min, subsequently increasing stepwise by 0.05 micro g/kg/min increments if insufficient anesthesia was suspected. All postoperative outcome data were collected by an anesthesiologist who was blinded to the anesthetic regimen. Pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded for 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic and respiratory variables such as diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were similar in both groups. The mean intraoperative remifentanil consumption in groups M and R was similar. The VAS score was significantly lower in the magnesium group at 15 and 30 minutes postoperatively. Total morphine consumption was significantly lower in the magnesium group than in the remifentanil-alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that magnesium sulfate decreased the postoperative morphine requirement when remifentanil was used for intraoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dicle University Medical School, Diyarbakir, Turkey. sedatkaya@dicle.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kararmaz
authors.forename: Ruken
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turhanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D009020:Morphine; D001285:Atropine; D004809:Ephedrine; D000077208:Remifentanil