title: Modifiable risk factors for colorectal neoplasms and hyperplastic polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity, smoking and alcohol are modifiable putative risk factors for colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and hyperplastic polyps (HP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the strength of association between these modifiable risk factors and colorectal polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  These risk factors were assessed by using a questionnaire completed by the patient prior to colonoscopy. Eight hundred-seventy consecutive patients satisfying inclusion criteria who had undergone a complete colonoscopy were divided into 4 groups: CRN (n=194), HP (n=132), CRN and HP (n=42) and control (neither CRN nor HP; n=586). Multiple logistic regression was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ORs [95%CI] of both CRN and HP for incremental body mass index expressed in 2 categories (>or=22, >or=25) were 2.12 [1.00, 4.50] and 1.41 [0.53, 3.77], respectively. The ORs [95%CI] of CRN and HP for heavy smoking of over 20 pack-years were 1.66 [1.05, 2.64] and 1.67 [1.01, 2.77], respectively. The ORs of CRN and HP for habitual alcohol drinking (median ethanol intake 32 g/day and interquartile range 18-40 g/day) were 1.31 [0.86, 1.98] and 1.91 [1.06, 3.47], respectively. CRN and HP were correlated with each other (p=0.0043, chi-square test). Aging was a significant risk factor for all three groups of colorectal polyps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are especially important since smoking and alcohol consumption are modifiable risk factors. Heavy smokers should be encouraged to quit to reduce their risk of CRN and HP. Habitual drinkers should be warned of the risk of HP. HP can be a marker of coincidence of CRN.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. f_omata@mac.com
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications*; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000150:complications*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*