Particulate air pollution, coronary heart disease and individual risk assessment: a general overview.
Both long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality because of the coronary syndrome and its complications. The exact molecular mechanism that is responsible for these acute and chronic effects is not elucidated yet. Potential pathophysiological pathways, however, include vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress and altered cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Actually, the cardiovascular risk assessment for individual patients with regard to air pollution is still complicated. To support decision-making in clinic, we propose a risk model, named 'CardioVascular and AIR pollution' risk table, composed of acknowledged factors in the relationship of cardiovascular disease and air pollution.
Hassing
Carlijne
C
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Twickler
Marcel
M
Brunekreef
Bert
B
Cassee
Flemming
F
Doevendans
Pieter
P
Kastelein
John
J
Cramer
Maarten Jan
MJ
D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D014505:Urban Population