title: Chronic kidney disease and clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Our aim was to examine the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and stroke outcome and to assess whether CKD and its severity affect stroke outcome in a large cohort of unselected patients with acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association between baseline estimated GFR and CKD and 1-year outcomes in 821 consecutive patients with acute stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic). GFR was estimated by 2 methods: the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the Mayo Clinic quadratic equation. An estimated GFR rate <or=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) defined CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds ratios (95% CI) for death across levels of estimated GFR based on both equations were estimated. CKD was present in 36% (n=291) of patients based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and 18% (n=147) based on the Mayo Clinic equation. The adjusted ORs for mortality after 1-year based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation were 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.2) associated with GFR 45 to 60 and 3.2 (1.7 to 6.4) associated with GFR 15 to 44 as compared with GFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), whereas those based on the Mayo Clinic equation were 2.3 (1.1 to 4.7) and 3.3 (1.6 to 7.1), respectively. The adjusted ORs for Barthel Index <or=75 or death after 1 year were 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) and 2.1 (0.9 to 4.8) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and 1.9 (0.8 to 4.4) and 3.9 (1.5 to 11.0) by the Mayo Clinic equation, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD is a strong independent predictor of mortality and poor outcome in patients with acute stroke. The estimation of the prevalence of CKD and of the GFR cutoffs associated with poor outcome depend on the equation used to estimate GFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yahalom
authors.forename: Roseline
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schwammenthal
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Merzeliak
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toashi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orion
authors.forename: Ben-Ami
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000401:mortality*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*