title: Influence of anesthetics on pharyngeal flap surgery: a 23-year study.
abstract: This study assessed the influence of anesthetics on early complications after pharyngeal flap surgery. A 23-year retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients at the authors' institution who underwent superiorly based pharyngeal flap surgery. Variables analyzed were gender, age at the time of surgery, cleft type, anesthesia procedure used and complications in the early postoperative period. 2299 patients (50% male; 50% female) who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The highest number of surgeries was performed in patients aged 11-20 years. There were 1042 patients with at least one type of complication. Of these, 39 required reoperation to control complications such as bleeding and airway obstruction. There were no records of death. Vomiting and pain were the most frequent postoperative complications (16% and 14% of patients, respectively). Lower complication rates were observed when anesthesia protocols included sevoflurane, propofol and opioids.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. crisanestesio@usp.br
authors.forename: C M M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schwerdtfeger
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: I E K
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Trindade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010159:Palate / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics