title: Vaccines for preventing tick-borne encephalitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease of the central nervous system caused by a tick-borne viral infection. TBE can lead to severe neurological syndromes such as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningoencephalomyelitis, which can result in death. There is no treatment, and prevention with the vaccine is the only intervention currently available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate vaccines for preventing TBE in terms of effectiveness and adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In June 2008, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and mRCT. We also checked reference lists of articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing TBE vaccines against placebo, control vaccines, no intervention, or a different dose or schedule of the intervention vaccine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors applied the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed each trial's risk of bias. We could not combine the included trials in a meta-analysis because of differences in comparisons and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven trials (corresponding to 10 papers) involving 8184 participants (6586 adults and 1598 children) were included. Different versions of three types of TBE vaccines were tested (IPVE, FSME-IMMUN, and Encepur); out of which only three (Encepur children, Encepur Adults, and FSME-IMMUN "new") are currently licensed. No trials reported on cases of clinical TBE, but all reported on antibody titre (seroconversion). All the vaccines gave seroconversion rates of over 87%. Systemic and local adverse effects were common; none were severe or life threatening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tick-borne encephalitis vaccines appear to be highly immunogenic, but the relationship between seroconversion and clinical protection has not been established. Although adverse effects were commonly reported, none were serious or life threatening.
authors.affiliation: Health Councillorship - Servizio Regionale di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia, SSEpi-SeREMI - Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL AL, C.so Regina Margherita 153 bis, Torino, Piemonte, Italy, 10122. Vittorio.DeMicheli@regione.piemonte.it
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Demicheli
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Debalini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines