title: A glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor produced in a novel protein production system (AVI-014) in healthy subjects: a first-in human, single dose, controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  AVI-014 is an egg white-derived, recombinant, human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This healthy volunteer study is the first human investigation of AVI-014.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 male and female subjects received a single subcutaneous injection of AVI-014 at 4 or 8 mcg/kg. 16 control subjects received 4 or 8 mcg/kg of filgrastim (Neupogen, Amgen) in a partially blinded, parallel fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) (90% CI) of 4 mcg/kg AVI-014/filgrastim AUC(0-72 hr) was 1.00 (0.76, 1.31) and Cmax was 0.86 (0.66, 1.13). At the 8 mcg/kg dose, the AUC(0-72) GMR was 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) and Cmax was 0.76 (0.58, 0.98). A priori pharmacokinetic bioequivalence was defined as the 90% CI of the GMR bounded by 0.8-1.25. Both the white blood cell and absolute neutrophil count area under the % increase curve AUC(0-9 days) and Cmax (maximal % increase from baseline)GMR at 4 and 8 mcg/kg fell within the 0.5-2.0 a priori bound set for pharmacodynamic bioequivalence. The CD 34+ % increase curve AUC(0-9 days) and Cmax GMR for both doses was approximately 1, but 90% confidence intervals were large due to inherent variance, and this measure did not meet pharmacodynamic bioequivalence. AVI-014 demonstrated a side effect profile similar to that of filgrastim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVI-014 has safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties comparable to filgrastim at an equal dose in healthy volunteers. These findings support further investigation in AVI-014.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, 1170 Main Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Roslyn.Varki@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Roslyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varki
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pequignot
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferber
authors.forename: Walter K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim