title: Use of Raman microscopy and multivariate data analysis to observe the biomimetic growth of carbonated hydroxyapatite on bioactive glass.
abstract: In the present contribution, the biomimetic growth of carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) on bioactive glass were investigated by Raman microscopy. Bioactive glass samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) buffered solution at pH 7.40 up to 17 days at 37 degrees C. Raman microscopy mapping was performed on the bioglass samples immersed in SBF solution for different periods of time. The collected data was then analyzed using the band-target entropy minimization technique to extract the observable pure component Raman spectral information. In this study, the pure component Raman spectra of the precursor amorphous calcium phosphate, transient octacalcium phosphate, and matured HA were all recovered. In addition, pure component Raman spectra of calcite, silica glass, and some organic impurities were also recovered. The resolved pure component spectra were fit to the normalized measured Raman data to provide the spatial distribution of these species on the sample surfaces. The current results show that Raman microscopy and multivariate data analysis provide a sensitive and accurate tool to characterize the surface morphology, as well as to give more specific information on the chemical species present and the phase transformation of phosphate species during the formation of HA on bioactive glass.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Regina K H
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Seah
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: Joachim S C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Effendi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widjaja
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D032701:Biomimetics; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D019277:Entropy; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044367:Phase Transition; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C030782:carboapatite; D017886:Durapatite; D002119:Calcium Carbonate