title: Patient education for neck pain with or without radiculopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neck disorders are common, disabling, and costly. The effectiveness of patient education strategies is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether patient education strategies, either alone or in combination with other treatments, are of benefit for pain, function, global perceived effect, quality of life, or patient satisfaction, in adults with neck pain with and without radiculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized bibliographic databases were searched from their start up to May 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies were quasi or randomized trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of patient education strategies for neck disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired independent review authors carried out study selection, data abstraction, and methodological quality assessment. Relative risk and standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. The appropriateness of combining studies was assessed on clinical and statistical grounds. Because of differences in intervention type or disorder, no studies were considered appropriate to pool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 10 selected trials, two (20%) were rated high quality. Advice was assessed as follows:Eight trials of advice focusing on activation compared to no treatment or to various active treatments, including therapeutic exercise, manual therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy, showed either inferiority or no difference for pain, spanning a full range of follow-up periods and disorder types. When compared to rest, two trials that assessed acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) showed moderate evidence of no difference for various forms of advice focusing on activation. Two trials studying advice focusing on pain & stress coping skills found moderate evidence of no benefit for pain in chronic mechanical neck disorder (MND) at intermediate/long-term follow-up. One trial compared the effects of ' traditional neck school ' to no treatment, yielding limited evidence of no benefit for pain at intermediate-term follow-up in mixed acute/subacute/chronic neck pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review has not shown effectiveness for educational interventions in various disorder types and follow-up periods, including advice to activate, advice on stress coping skills, and 'neck school'. In future research, further attention to methodological quality is necessary. Studies of multimodal interventions should consider study designs, such as factorial designs, that permit discrimination of the specific educational components.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, HSC 3H54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5. hainest@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Burnie
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Lenora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000150:complications*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012146:Rest; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy