title: Associations of inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers with poor outcome in acute ischaemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers show associations with acute ischaemic stroke outcome, but few studies compare a large range of markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed clinical status and 16 biomarkers within 24 h of onset in 180 consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 94 patients had a poor outcome (dead or dependent at 30 days). C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and fibrin D-dimer showed the strongest univariate associations with poor outcome (>2-fold increase; p < 0.01). When all biomarkers were included with clinical variables in a multivariable model, only D-dimer (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.09-2.17), CRP (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.68) and Scandinavian Stroke Scale (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88-0.95) were associated with poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D-dimer and CRP are independently associated with poor outcome in acute ischaemic stroke. More data is required to expand our understanding of these potential relationships with outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langhorne
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: Gordon D O
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein