title: The medical consultation viewed as a value chain: a neurobehavioral approach to emotion regulation in doctor-patient interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a model of the medical consultation as a value chain, and to apply a neurobehavioral perspective to analyze each element in the chain with relevance for emotion regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current knowledge on four elements in medical consultations and neuroscientific evidence on corresponding basic processes are selectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four elements of communication behaviours presented as steps in a value chain model are: (1) establishing rapport, (2) patient disclosure of emotional cues and concerns, (3) the doctor's expression of empathy, and (4) positive reappraisal of concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metaphor of the value chain, with emphasis on goal orientation, helps to understand the impact of each communicative element on the outcome of the consultation. Added value at each step is proposed in terms of effects on outcome indicators; in this case patients affect regulation. Neurobehavioral mechanisms are suggested to explain the association between communication behaviour and affect regulation outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value chain metaphor and the emphasis on behaviour-outcome-mechanisms associations may be of interest as conceptualizations for communications skills training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Science in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. arnstein.finset@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Arnstein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finset
authors.forename: Trond A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mjaaland
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D003463:Cues; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D006040:Goals; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009484:Neuropsychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015990:Placebo Effect; D011588:Psychology, Educational; D011603:Psychophysiology; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012650:Self Disclosure