title: Adjunctive lacosamide for partial-onset seizures: Efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacosamide (200 and 400 mg/day) when added to one to three concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized patients (age 16-70 years) with partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization to placebo, lacosamide 200, or lacosamide 400 mg/day. The trial consisted of an 8-week baseline, a 4-week titration, and a 12-week maintenance period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred eighty-five patients were randomized and received trial medication. Among these, 87% were taking two or more concomitant AEDs. Median percent reduction in seizure frequency per 28 days from baseline to maintenance period (intent-to-treat, ITT) was 20.5% for placebo, 35.3% for lacosamide 200 mg/day (p = 0.02), and 36.4% for 400 mg/day (p = 0.03). In the per protocol population, the reductions were 35.3% for lacosamide 200 mg/day (p = 0.04) and 44.9% for 400 mg/day (p = 0.01) compared to placebo (25.4%). The 50% responder rate for lacosamide 400 mg/day (40.5%) was significant (p = 0.01) over placebo (25.8%), but was not for 200 mg/day (35.0%). In the per protocol population, the 50% responder rate for lacosamide 400 mg/day (46.3%) was significant (p < 0.01) compared with the placebo responder rate (27.5%). Dose-related adverse events (AEs) included dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Clinically relevant changes in the mean plasma concentrations of commonly used AEDs were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this trial demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive lacosamide 200 and 400 mg/day and support that lacosamide may be an advantageous option for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Budapest, Hungary. halasz35@gmail.com
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halász
authors.forename: Reetta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kälviäinen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazurkiewicz-Beldzińska
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenow
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doty
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000078334:Lacosamide; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000078334:Lacosamide