title: Transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activating protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) regulate expression of human KCTD10 gene by binding to proximal region of promoter.
abstract: Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 10 gene (KCTD10) belongs to the polymerase delta-interacting protein 1 (PDIP1) gene family. Mouse KCTD10 was thought to interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the small subunit of polymerase delta, and to have roles in DNA repair, DNA replication and cell-cycle control. To better understand the regulatory mechanism of KCTD10 expression, we characterized the promoter of human KCTD10 containing a 639 bp fragment of the 5'-flanking region (-609/+30). A primer extension assay identified the transcription start site as an A, 63 bp upstream of the start codon. The promoter region contains neither a TATA box nor a CCAAT box, but a CpG island was found near to the transcription start site. Deletion mutagenesis showed that the region from -108 to +30 was indispensable to the promoter activity, and site-directed mutation analysis in this proximal promoter region of KCTD10 revealed two important transcription regulatory elements of specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activating protein-2 (AP-2). An in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further demonstrated that SP1 and AP-2alpha could bind to this proximal promoter region. Moreover, using a luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis, both overexpression and RNA interference of SP1 and AP-2alpha indicated that the binding of SP1 to the proximal promoter region stimulated the promoter activity and endogenous KCTD10 expression, whereas binding of AP-2alpha to this region showed opposite effects.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, Hunan Normal University, China.
authors.forename: Rushi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Daolong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ailan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuanglin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D018899:CpG Islands; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C539187:KCTD10 protein, human; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2