title: Enhancing effect of heroin on social recognition learning in male Sprague-Dawley rats: modulation by heroin pre-exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that pre-exposure to drugs of abuse can induce sensitization to several of their effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heroin pre-exposure on modulation of memory consolidation as indexed by heroin's action on rate of learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested on a social recognition learning task which assesses changes in investigation during repeated exposure to the same rat (habituation training: four sessions) and during exposure to a novel rat (dishabituation test). In the first experiment, rats received 0, 0.3, or 1 mg/kg heroin s.c. immediately following each training session, or 1 mg/kg heroin 2 h post-training. In experiments 2 and 3, rats received 1 mg/kg heroin post-training after a 7-day drug-free period from heroin pre-exposure achieved through conditioned place preference (1 mg/kg s.c., 1 injection/day x 4 days) or intravenous self-administration (0.05 mg/kg/infusion i.v., 3 h/day x 9 days) training. In experiment 4, rats received 0, 0.03, 0.3, or 3 mg/kg heroin post-training after a 7-day drug-free period from a regimen of heroin administration (i.e., 1 mg/kg heroin/day s.c. x 7 days) that induced locomotor sensitization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-training administration of heroin enhanced social recognition learning in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, no regimen of heroin pre-exposure significantly altered this effect of heroin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results do not support the hypothesis that heroin pre-exposure leads to sensitization to its effect on memory consolidation of non-drug-related learning. However, this requires further testing using alternative heroin pre-exposure regimens, a wider range of post-training heroin doses, as well as other types of learning tasks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choleris
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D003932:Heroin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012646:Self Administration; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin