title: Longitudinal brain volume changes in preterm and term control subjects during late childhood and adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although preterm very low birth weight infants have a high prevalence of neuroanatomical abnormalities when evaluated at term-equivalent age, patterns of brain growth in prematurely born infants during school age and adolescence remain largely unknown. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that preterm birth results in long-term dynamic changes in the developing brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed serial volumetric MRI studies at ages 8 and 12 years in 55 preterm infants born weighing 600 to 1250 g and 20 term control children who participated in the follow-up component of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled intraventricular hemorrhage prevention study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total brain volumes increased 2% to 3% between the ages of 8 and 12 years for both preterm and term children. These changes involved reductions in cerebral gray matter while white matter increased. Between 8 and 12 years of age, preterm subjects experienced a 2% decrease in left cerebral gray matter compared with a 10% reduction in left cerebral gray for term controls. For right cerebral gray matter, preterm children experienced a 3% decrease in volume between years 8 and 12, compared with 9% for term controls (group-by-time). In contrast, preterm subjects had a 10% increase in cerebral white matter volumes bilaterally between ages 8 and 12 years, compared with >26% increases for both hemispheres for term controls. Significant differences in regional volume changes between study groups were found in bilateral temporal gray and in parietal white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm birth continues to perturb the trajectory of cerebral development during late childhood and early adolescence with preterm children, showing both lower gray matter reduction and less white matter gain over time compared with term control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. laura.ment@yale.edu
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ment
authors.forename: Shelli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesler
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vohr
authors.forename: Karol H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delancy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silbereis
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: R Todd
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Constable
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Makuch
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D047929:Term Birth