title: Addressing insulin resistance in Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes is recognised to include an element of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for the development of macro- and microvascular complications of Type 1 diabetes and may also contribute to the development of the disease. This understanding comes at a time when the incidence of Type 1 diabetes appears to be rising and the public health burden from its vascular complications is high. A variety of safe and efficacious manoeuvres are available to redress insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes. So far however, clinical trials addressing insulin resistance in Type 1 diabetes have been small with only short periods of follow-up. Regardless, these trials have yielded promising results. This review examines the evidence for insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes and its complications, the problems associated with its measurement, and summarizes the trials aimed at reducing insulin resistance in Type 1 diabetes. This includes a meta-analysis of controlled trials of adjuvant metformin in Type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: T T L
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narendran
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin