title: Persistence of retinal function after selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion for retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess potential retinal viability by electroretinography following selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion for retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncontrolled prospective case series. Patients with advanced retinoblastoma were offered elective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion treatment under an IRB-approved protocol as an alternative to enucleation. The ophthalmic artery was cannulated under fluoroscopic control, and chemotherapeutic agents (melphalan and occasionally carboplatin) were directly infused at doses resulting in very high local tissue concentrations, but low systemic drug levels. Eyes were examined under anesthesia at 1-month intervals, and re-treated as indicated, up to a maximum of six infusions. Electroretinograms were obtained during examination under anesthesia, using ERG-jet contact lens electrodes and a hand-held mini-ganzfeld stimulator. The ERG protocol was similar to ISCEV standards except for briefer adaptation times as necessary to reduce the total anesthesia duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report initial results in the first ten patients attempted. Nine eyes were successfully cannulated and perfused. ERG data for these nine patients are reported. [Clinical results have been published elsewhere.] Follow up ranged from 3 to 14 months. Extensive, often total, retinal detachments were present in many of the treated eyes. While regression of tumor mass and vitreous seeds was observed in nearly all the patients, retinal detachment occasionally persisted. ERG responses were extinguished in these eyes. Eyes with largely attached retinas, notwithstanding the presence of large tumors at baseline, remained free of detachment after treatment. Normal or near-normal ERGs in these eyes were repeatedly obtained. Recovery of ERG amplitudes was observed in three patients following treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal function can persist and even recover following selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion for retinoblastoma. Further work is indicated to determine optimal dosing regimens, maximal tolerated dosage, and subsequent visual function in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. scott.brodie@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pierre Gobin
authors.forename: Ira J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Dunkel
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Abramson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000009:adverse effects; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D016190:Carboplatin; D008558:Melphalan