title: Alcohol criteria endorsement and psychiatric and drug use disorders among DUI offenders: greater severity among women and multiple offenders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), a high-risk family study of alcohol dependence, were used to examine differences in alcohol diagnostic criteria endorsement and psychiatric and drug use disorders by gender and by number of DUI offenses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with two or more DUIs exhibited greater severity of alcohol dependence than those with none or one DUI. This severity was characterized in three ways: (1) higher endorsement of alcohol diagnostic criterion items, with evidence of greater severity among women, (2) higher prevalence of co-occurring lifetime psychiatric disorders, and (3) higher rates of drug use and of dependence on cocaine, stimulants, and, for women only, marijuana and opiates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By examining gradations of disorder within a combination of two high-risk indicators, DUI and family vulnerability, this study provides useful information for clinical research about individuals with chronic and severe alcohol problems. In addition, the observed gender differences in this high-risk sample will contribute to the literature on alcohol dependence among women at the more severe end of the dependence spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States. vmccutcheon@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Vivia V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: McCutcheon
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Edenberg
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Grucza
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hesselbrock
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Laura Jean
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bierut
authors.forename: Kathleen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bucholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology