title: The combined dexamethasone/CRH Test (DEX/CRH test) and prediction of acute treatment response in major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study the predictive value of the combined dexamethasone/CRH test (DEX/CRH test) for acute antidepressant response was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 114 depressed inpatients suffering from unipolar or bipolar depression (sample 1) the DEX/CRH test was performed at admission and shortly before discharge. During their stay in the hospital patients received different antidepressant treatment regimens. At admission, the rate of nonsuppression (basal cortisol levels >75.3 nmol/l) was 24.6% and was not related to the later therapeutic response. Moreover, 45 out of 114 (39.5%) patients showed an enhancement of HPA axis function at discharge in spite of clinical improvement. In a second sample, 40 depressed patients were treated either with reboxetine or mirtazapine for 5 weeks. The DEX/CRH test was performed before, after 1 week, and after 5 weeks of pharmacotherapy. Attenuation of HPA axis activity after 1 week was associated with a more pronounced alleviation of depressive symptoms after 5-week mirtazapine treatment, whereas downregulation of HPA system activity after 5 weeks was related to clinical response to reboxetine. However, early improvement of HPA axis dysregulation was not necessarily followed by a beneficial treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, performance of a single DEX/CRH test does not predict the therapeutic response. The best predictor for response seems to be an early attenuation of HPA axis activity within 1 or 2 weeks. However, early improvement of HPA system dysfunction is not a sufficient condition for a favourable response. Since a substantial part of depressive patients display a persistence of HPA axis hyperactivity at discharge, downregulation of HPA system function is not a necessary condition for acute clinical improvement either. Our data underline the importance of HPA axis dysregulation for treatment outcome in major depression, although restoration of HPA system dysfunction seems to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient determinant for acute treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Cornelius.Schuele@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schüle
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Baghai
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Häfner
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003710:Demography; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone