title: Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in different environmental matrices.
abstract: An analytical method, solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextration (SPE-DLLME), was established to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water and plant samples. After concentration and purification of the samples in LC-C18 column, 1.0-mL elution sample containing 22.0 microL 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was injected rapidly into the 5.0-mL pure water. After extraction and centrifuging, the sedimented phase was injected rapidly into gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). For water samples, enrichment factors (EFs) are in the range of 6838-9405 under the optimum conditions. The calibration curves are linear in the range of 0.1-100 ng L(-1) (BDEs 28, 47) and 0.5-500 ng L(-1) (BDEs 100, 99, 85, 154, 153). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) and the limits of detection (LODs) are in the range of 4.2-7.9% (n=5) and 0.03-0.15 ng L(-1), respectively. For plant samples, RSDs and LODs are in the range of 5.9-11.3% and 0.04-0.16 microg kg(-1), respectively. The relative recoveries of well, river, sea, leachate, and clover samples, spiked with different levels of PBDEs, are 66.8-94.1%, 72.2-100.5%, 74.5-110.4%, 62.1-105.1%, 66.1-91.7%, 62.4-88.9%, and 64.5-83.2%, respectively. The results show that SPE-DLLME is a suitable method for the determination of PBDEs in water and plant samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China. jtarrant@lortobco.com
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianwang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhixu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Changjiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D029902:Medicago / Q000737:chemistry; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012965:Sodium Chloride