title: Clusterin silencing in human lung adenocarcinoma cells induces a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition through modulating the ERK/Slug pathway.
abstract: The ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein Clusterin (CLU) is implicated in diverse cellular processes, yet its genuine molecular function remains undefined. CLU expression has been associated with various human malignancies, yet the mechanisms by which CLU promotes cancer progression and metastasis are not elucidated. In this study, using human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines as a model, we explored the involvement of CLU in modulating invasiveness of cancer cells. We discovered that CLU levels positively correlated with the degree of invasiveness in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The observation that CLU-rich cells displayed a spindle-shape morphology while those with low CLU levels were cuboidal in shape prompted us to investigate if CLU modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). CLU silencing by siRNA in a highly invasive, CLU-rich lung adenocarcinoma cell line induced a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) evidenced by the spindle-to-cuboidal morphological change, increased E-cadherin expression, and decreased fibronectin expression. Compared with the vector-transfected cells, CLU-knocked-down (CLUi) cells showed reduced migration and invasion in vitro, as well as decreased metastatic potential in experimental metastasis. Re-expression of CLU in CLUi cells reversed the MET and restored the mesenchymal and invasive phenotypes. We found that Slug, a zinc-finger-containing transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, was downregulated in CLUi cells. We also discovered that levels of activated ERK correlated with those of CLU and Slug. Taken together, our data suggest that CLU may regulate EMT and aggressive behaviour of human lung adenocarcinoma cells through modulating ERK signalling and Slug expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan. tychou@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Teh-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Wei-Chieh
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An-Chieh
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Neng-Yao
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Mei-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D051152:Clusterin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D051152:Clusterin; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; C000604449:Snai2 protein, mouse; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases