title: Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Interacts with Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF-1) and Plays a Role in NRF-1 Transcriptional Regulation.
abstract: Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) is one of the key transcriptional activators for nuclear-coded genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function as well as for many housekeeping genes. A transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 and its related family member PRC have previously been shown to interact with NRF-1 and co-activate NRF-1. We show here that NRF-1 can also directly interact with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and co-purify the PARP-1.DNA-PK.Ku80.Ku70.topoisomerase IIbeta-containing protein complex. Our in vitro binding experiments show that DNA-binding/dimerization domain of NRF-1 and the N-terminal half of PARP-1, which contains two Zinc fingers and the auto-modification domain, are responsible for the interaction, and that this interaction occurs with or without PARP-1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). DNA-bound NRF-1 can form a complex with PARP-1, suggesting that NRF-1 can recruit the PARP-1.DNA-PK.Ku80.Ku70.topoisomerase IIbeta-containing protein complex to the promoter. PARP-1 can also PARylate the DNA-binding domain of NRF-1 and negatively regulate NRF-1.PARP-1 interaction. Transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that PARP-1 plays a role during transcriptional activation by NRF-1. Our finding identifies a new aspect of transcriptional regulation used by NRF-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genes and Development Program of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ramakrishnan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anish
authors.forename: Raymond H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Shinako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D051379:Mice; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C495633:NRF1 protein, human; C495634:Nrf1 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; C497264:Prkdc protein, mouse; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; C000606510:Xrcc6 protein, mouse; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II