title: [The progress of research on low-frequency sonophoresis and its applications].
abstract: Low-frequency ultrasound can increase the transdermal delivery of many drugs, including macromolecular drugs. The main mechanism is ultrasonic cavitation. Most researchers pointed out that it could change the form-structure of stratum corneum keratinocytes and, in this way, it can improve the permeability of skin. Low-frequency sonophoresis has been in use for in-vitro experiments and in-vivo animal experiments, and so far, both small-molecules transdermal delivery and macromolecules transdermal delivery have been successfully performed in many experiments. However, there are few reports about the real low-frequency sonophoresis for clinical treatment. A large number of clinical trials are necessary to confirm its safety and practicality. Once its safety is confirmed and the suitable low-frequency sonophoresis devices are developed successfully, Low-frequency Sonophoresis will come to be a safe, effective, controllable, and economic new delivery method.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Information Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Qinqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography