title: IL-10 administration attenuates pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and alters pulmonary iNOS activation following hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies report immuno-modulatory effects of endogenous IL-10 after trauma. This study investigates the effect of IL-10 administration on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57/BL6 mice (4-6 animals per group) were subjected to volume controlled hemorrhagic shock for 3 hrs followed by resuscitation. Animals were either subcutaneously injected with 0.9 % saline (Shock group) or with recombinant mouse IL-10 (Shock+IL-10 group) 1 h before and 1 h after the induction of hemorrhagic shock. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, and keratinocyte (KC) concentrations were measured with the Luminex multiplexing platform. Acute pulmonary inflammation was assessed by pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-10 administration significantly decreased serum TNF-alpha (10.30 +/- 1.68 vs 37.42 +/- 10.64; p < 0.05), IL-6 (44.22 +/- 6.65 vs 85.24 +/- 7.94; p < 0.05), and KC (276.74 +/- 52.67 vs 465.61 +/- 58.98; p < 0.05) levels following hemorrhagic shock. Further, pulmonary MPO activity was significantly lower (2698.85 +/- 431.10 vs 4580.67 +/- 294.38; p < 0.05) and pulmonary iNOS activity upregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that administration of IL-10 modulates the degree of hemorrhage-induced systemic and pulmonary inflammation and support the notion of a central role for iNOS in acute lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Kobbe.Philipp@gmx.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kobbe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoffels
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chanthaphavong
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II