title: A functional approach to modeling M1 single-unit activity recorded in three primate motor control studies.
abstract: When monkeys make movements with or without external force perturbations, or generate isometric forces in different directions from different workspace positions, primary motor cortex (M1) cell activity shows systematic changes in directional tuning and in force-generation gains as a function of arm posture. However, it may be simplistic to assume most control intelligence is in the cortex while the brainstem and especially the spinal cord do little more than passively implement pontifical descending commands. More recent studies like [1-4] do suggest a different perspective. Furthermore, systematic changes in directionality of M1 cell and limb muscle EMG activity may stem partly from the feedback (aka reflex) loops, physical properties of limb biomechanics, muscle anisotropy and force production nonlinearities, and their interplay with task conditions, and not only due to predictive feedforward central commands.
authors.affiliation: GRSNC (FRSQ), Physiologie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec H3C-3J7 Canada. Krouchen@physio.umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Nedialko I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Krouchev
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kalaska
authors.forename: Henrietta L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Galiana
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000882:Haplorhini; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*