Emergency medicine resident performed bedside ultrasonography of the gallbladder in non-fasted healthy volunteers.
BACKGROUND
Gallbladder ultrasonography is a commonly performed test in the emergency department. It is unknown whether a non-fasting state alters the visualization of the gallbladder by emergency medicine (EM) residents.


OBJECTIVE
We conducted this study to determine whether EM residents are able to visualize the gallbladder in volunteers who have recently consumed a fatty meal.


METHODS
This study used a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled design. Initial scans were performed on fasting volunteers. A fatty meal was then consumed. Thirty minutes after eating, a different resident, who was unaware of whether the volunteer had eaten or fasted, performed a second scan. To control for operator bias, 10% of subjects remained fasting between scans. Student's paired-samples t-test, Pearson's chi-squared, and McNemar test were determined as appropriate.


RESULTS
A total of 92 scans from 46 volunteers were analyzed. EM residents were able to visualize the gallbladder in all 40 pre-prandial scans (100%) and all 40 post-prandial scans (100%). Gallbladder area as measured in the longitudinal axis decreased 20% from a mean baseline of 11.58 +/- 4.86 cm(2) (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.17-12.98) to 9.2 +/- 5.04 cm(2) (95% CI 7.74-10.66, p = 0.0009) after food intake. Total time to scan for the fasting volunteers (110.2 s, 95% CI 84.34-136) did not change significantly from non-fasting volunteers (129.7 s, 95% CI 110.29-149.01, p = 0.153).


CONCLUSIONS
EM residents are able to visualize the gallbladder in non-fasted healthy volunteers.
Breyer
Michael J
MJ
Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware 19718, USA.
Giordano
Michael
M
Tinjum
Banu
B
Getto
Leila
L
Rhodes
Nathan
N
Bollinger
Melissa
M
Sierzenski
Paul
P
O'Connor
Robert E
RE
D000328:Adult; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods