title: Physiological, psychological and behavioural characteristics of men and women with faecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The factors leading to faecal incontinence in males are less well understood than those in females. In this prospective study we aimed to compare the physiological, anatomical, psychological and behavioural characteristics of male and female patients presenting with symptoms of faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nine patients presenting with symptoms of faecal incontinence were studied. They underwent anorectal physiological studies, endoanal ultrasonography, and completed a St Mark's Incontinence Score, a locally developed pad questionnaire, a bowel symptom questionnaire, the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four men (mean age 59 years, SD 14 years, range 33-80) and 75 women (mean age 55 years, SD 15 years, range 21-86) participated in the study. Twenty-one patients (38% of men and 11% of women) had normal manometry and endoanal ultrasonography. There was no significant difference in the resting pressures of men compared with women, but men had significantly higher squeeze pressures. Rectal capacity was significantly higher in men but anal and rectal electrosensitivities were the same. Men placed a tissue at the anus more commonly than women while women were more likely to use a pad and to carry a spare pair of underwear around with them. Psychological profiles were very similar in the two sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly 40% of men with faecal incontinence report it in the absence of a definable functional or structural sphincter abnormality. There are differences in physiological characteristics and coping behaviours of men and women with faecal incontinence.
authors.affiliation: St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vaizey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hollington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult