title: Immunoregulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients treated with melanoma antigen-pulsed mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regulatory T cells (Treg) may inhibit monocyte-derived melanoma antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) vaccination in treatment of melanoma. However, the Treg level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following DC vaccination has not been examined in melanoma patients in Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate differences in the helper T cell and Treg population and mRNA levels of Treg in pre- and post-DC vaccination PBMCs obtained from melanoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of intracellular forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) mRNA as well as levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were examined by real-time PCR and flow cytometry using PBMCs from 9 patients who received DC vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of the 9 cases and 7 of the 9 cases showed increased populations of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, respectively after repeated DC vaccination. Five of 8 cases showed an increase of Foxp3 mRNA after treatment. Four of these 5 cases also had increased CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, but the fifth case showed a decrease in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Three cases showed a decrease of Foxp3 mRNA. One of these 3 cases showed decreased population of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, but two cases showed increased population of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. In 3 of 8 cases Foxp3 expression at the cellular (protein) and mRNA level were inconsistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated DC vaccination may commonly induce Treg and helper T cells at the cellular level. However, there are a few discrepancies of Treg expression at cellular and mRNA level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. nnakai@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008875:Middle Aged; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C072011:MAGEA1 protein, human; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase