title: Hepatitis B virus associated focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis: report of two cases and review of literature.
abstract: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is estimated to have infected about 350 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common human pathogens. Renal involvement is among its most common extra hepatic manifestations and usually manifests in the form of immune complex mediated glomerulopathy, such as membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Occurrence of focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) with HBV infection is rare and only five cases have been reported earlier. We report two cases of hepatitis B associated FSGS. In both the cases, HBsAg was demonstrated in the renal tissue and both the cases showed response to treatment with lamivudine, thus indicating a possible causal association between the viral infection and occurrence of nephrotic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ambar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bala Krishna
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. dr_aalok@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Prasenjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Govind
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makhariya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Suresh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000821:virology*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000821:virology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D019259:Lamivudine