title: Household exposure to paint and petroleum solvents, chromosomal translocations, and the risk of childhood leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the association between home use of solvents and paint and the risk of childhood leukemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this case-control study, we examined whether the use of paint and petroleum solvents at home before birth and in early childhood influenced the risk of leukemia in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We based our analyses on 550 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 100 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and one or two controls per case individually matched for sex, age, Hispanic status, and race. We conducted further analyses by cytogenetic subtype. We used conditional logistic regression techniques to adjust for income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALL risk was significantly associated with paint exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-2.15], with a higher risk observed when paint was used postnatally, by a person other than the mother, or frequently. The association was restricted to leukemia with translocations between chromosomes 12 and 21 (OR = 4.16; 95% CI, 1.66-10.4). We found no significant association between solvent use and ALL risk overall (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87-1.51) or for various cytogenetic subtypes, but we observed a significant association in the 2.0- to 5.9-year age group (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07-2.25). In contrast, a significant increased risk for AML was associated with solvent (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.19-5.42) but not with paint exposure (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.32-1.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of ALL risk with paint exposure was strong, consistent with a causal relationship, but further studies are needed to confirm the association of ALL and AML risk with solvent exposure.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94704-7380, USA. scelo@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scélo
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metayer
authors.forename: Luoping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wiemels
authors.forename: Melinda C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aldrich
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvin
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Month
authors.forename: Martyn T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Buffler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D010150:Paint; D010578:Petroleum; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D012997:Solvents