title: Electroretinograms in three cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with visual disturbances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report three cases of idiopathic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with visual symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient 1 initially visited our ophthalmology department complaining of blurred vision. Electro-retinography (ERG) showed a selective reduction of the b wave before she was diagnosed with CJD. Patient 2 had normal ERG results even with severely advanced CJD. However, a reduction of the b wave on ERG was observed 1 month before the patient died. Patient 3 had visual disturbances at the initial visit, but the ERG result was normal even after the CJD had advanced. Atrophy of the visual cortex was later observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  CJD can alter the vision in various ways. The selective reduction of the b wave on ERG indicates the retinal involvement. However, visual disturbances may occur without the retinal implications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ophthalmologists should be aware that the visual impairment can be the first symptom of CJD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. masayuki@fujita-hu.ac.jp.|Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan. masayuki@fujita-hu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004596:Electroretinography; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology