title: Creatinine adjustment of spot urine samples and 24 h excretion of iodine, selenium, perchlorate, and thiocyanate.
abstract: Creatinine (CR) adjustment is widely used for the estimation of urinary 24 h excretion from spot urine samples. We have compared CR-adjusted values for urinary iodine, selenium, perchlorate, and thiocyanate to measured 24 h excretion. The urine samples were collected from a cohort of 14 breastfeeding mothers with both spot samples and 24 h collection, 52 24 h and spot sample pairs where the 24 h CR value fell within the "normal" adult female CR excretion range of 0.6-1.6 g/day were considered for this analysis. In addition, a nonlactating female and a male subject provided all micturitions for 1 and 5 days, respectively. Creatinine was analyzed with a Jáffe reaction-based automated analyzer. Iodine and selenium were determined with induction coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Perchlorate and thiocyanate were measured with ion chromatography (IC)-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Creatinine-adjusted values were poor substitutes of the actual 24 h excretion values (average deviation +/-69, 78, 105, and 104% for iodine, selenium, perchlorate, and thiocyanate, respectively.). Over a 5 day period, the 24 h iodine excretion predicted based on creatinine adjustment of spot samples for the same individual deviated between -83.5 to +101% from the actual measured value, the minimum absolute error being 2.5%. Creatinine adjustment for estimation of 24 h excretion from spot samples was not effective for iodine, selenium, perchlorate, or thiocyanate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Jason V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Dyke
authors.forename: Purnendu K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000652:urine*; D012643:Selenium / Q000652:urine*; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000652:urine*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D013861:Thiocyanates; D007455:Iodine; D003404:Creatinine; D012643:Selenium; C031760:thiocyanate; C494474:perchlorate