title: Estimates of glomerular filtration rate from MR renography and tracer kinetic models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare six methods for calculating the single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) renography (MRR) against reference radionuclide measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 patients, GFR was determined using six published methods: the Baumann-Rudin model (BR), the Patlak-Rutland method (PR), the two-compartment model without bolus dispersion (2C) and with dispersion (2CD), the three-compartment model (3CD), and the distributed parameter model (3C-IRF). Reference single-kidney GFRs were measured by radionuclide renography. The coefficient of variation of GFR (CV) was determined for each method by Monte Carlo analyses for one healthy and one dysfunctional kidney at a noise level (sigma(n)) of 2%, 5%, and 10%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GFR estimates in patients varied from 6% overestimation (BR) to 50% underestimation (PR and 2CD applied to cortical data). Correlations with reference GFRs ranged from R = 0.74 (2CD, cortical data) to R = 0.85 (BR). In simulations, the lowest CV was produced by 3C-IRF in healthy kidney (1.7sigma(n)) and by PR in diseased kidney ((2.2-2.4)sigma(n)). In both kidneys the highest CV was obtained with 2CD ((5.9-8.2)sigma(n)) and with 3CD in diseased kidney (8.9sigma(n) at sigma(n) = 10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFR estimates depend on the renal model and type of data used. Two- and three-compartment models produce comparable GFR correlations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. louisa.bokacheva@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bokacheva
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rusinek
authors.forename: Jeff L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vivian S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA