title: Interindividual variability in the response to oral antiplatelet drugs: a position paper of the Working Group on antiplatelet drugs resistance appointed by the Section of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society, endorsed by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology.
abstract: Oral antiplatelet drugs are a cornerstone of modern pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular atherothrombotic diseases. The efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) and clopidogrel in decreasing the risk of adverse events in coronary heart disease patients has been well established in the past 20 years. Despite chronic oral antiplatelet therapy, a number of atherothombotic events continue to occur. In recent years, a number of reports in the literature have shown possible relationships between residual platelet activity, as measured with a variety of laboratory tests, and clinical outcome, raising the possibility that 'resistance' to oral antiplatelet drugs may underlie many such clinical adverse events. The present position paper, conveyed within a group of clinical cardiologists with expertise in thrombosis appointed by the Section of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society, has been further elaborated and endorsed by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. It aims at summarizing the main findings in this complex area, issuing opinions in cases of high controversy, and fostering future research in this area to obtain reliable laboratory and clinical data for the resolution of the many problems still open.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiktor
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuliczkowski
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polonski
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watala
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Filipiak
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budaj
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golanski
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitkiewicz
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pregowski
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gorski
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opolski
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.forename: Steen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Caterina
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin