title: Imaging surrogates of tumor response to therapy: anatomic and functional biomarkers.
abstract: This article addresses the current status of quantitative imaging as a surrogate biomarker for the assessment of tumor response to therapy with non-small cell lung cancer as an example. In addition, the article discusses the limitations of conventional response criteria in the new era of molecular-targeted agents for cancer treatment; the increasing need for more accurate and early response-assessment methods, particularly for volumetric CT; new tumor-specific radiotracers and molecular imaging technologies; and the future applications of molecular imaging with PET for studying various features of cancer metabolism, endocrine status, hypoxia, and oncofetal and differentiation antigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. zhaob@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Binsheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Steve M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18