title: The effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine mouthrinse on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels in untreated plaque-associated gingivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthrinse (CHX) in addition to daily plaque control on gingival inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty gingivitis patients were randomized to CHX or placebo groups. In addition to proper plaque control, CHX group rinsed with CHX, while placebo group rinsed with placebo mouthrinse for 4 weeks. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected and clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), calculus index and probing depth (PD) were recorded at baseline and repeated at 4 week. GCF IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-8 levels were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole mouth clinical parameters were significantly improved in both groups at 4 weeks. CHX group showed greater reduction in the mean PI scores than placebo at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). GCF IL-8 levels of anterior sites significantly reduced in CHX and placebo group at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). GCF IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra levels remained unchanged at 4 weeks in both groups. GCF cytokine levels of CHX group were similar to those of placebo at 4 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, CHX mouthrinse as adjuncts to daily plaque control could be useful in management of plaque-associated gingivitis, although ineffective on GCF cytokine levels.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Türkoğlu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becerik
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kütükçüler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baylas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D016207:Cytokines; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D002710:Chlorhexidine