title: Mandibular permanent second molar with four roots and root canals: a case report.
abstract: Although four-rooted mandibular first molars have been observed on a few occasions in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, four-rooted second molars have not been reported. Here, we describe a mandibular second molar with four roots and canals: two mesial and two distal. Mesial roots were separated in the cervical one-third near the cervical margin, while distal roots were divided at a lower level in the middle one-third of the root. We discuss the possibility of different root and canal variations of the mandibular second molar from a developmental point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physical Anthropology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. rdpeiris@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peiris
authors.forename: Nilmini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pitakotuwage
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohzeki
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D009811:Odontometry; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult