title: Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure technique improves patient monitoring during interventional endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Close monitoring of arterial blood pressure (BP) is a central part of cardiovascular surveillance of patients at risk for hypotension. Therefore, patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with the use of sedating agents are monitored by discontinuous non-invasive BP measurement (NIBP). Continuous non-invasive BP monitoring based on vascular unloading technique (CNAP, CN Systems, Graz) may improve patient safety in those settings. We investigated if this new technique improved monitoring of patients undergoing interventional endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients undergoing interventional endoscopy between April and December 2007 were prospectively studied with CNAP(R) in addition to standard monitoring (NIBP, ECG and oxygen saturation). All monitoring values were extracted from the surveillance network at one-second intervals, and clinical parameters were documented. The variance of CNAP values were calculated for every interval between two NIBP measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2660 minutes of monitoring were recorded (mean 60.1+/-34.4 min/patient). All patients were analgosedated with midazolam and pethidine, and 24/40 had propofol infusion (mean 90.9+/-70.3 mg). The mean arterial pressure for CNAP was 102.4+/-21.2 mmHg and 106.8+/-24.8 mmHg for NIBP. Based on the first NIBP value in an interval between two NIBP measurements, BP values determined by CNAP showed a maximum increase of 30.8+/-21.7% and a maximum decrease of 22.4+/-28.3% (mean of all intervals).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional intermittent blood pressure monitoring of patients receiving sedating agents failed to detect fast changes in BP. The new technique CNAP improved the detection of rapid BP changes, and may contribute to a better patient safety for those undergoing interventional procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. Sylvia.siebig@klinik.uni-r.de
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siebig
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rockmann
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sabel
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zuber-Jerger
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dierkes
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brünnler
authors.forename: Christian E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wrede
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam