title: The integration of chemoradiation in the care of patient with localized pancreatic cancer.
abstract: The use of chemoradiation for patients with localized pancreatic cancer is controversial. Although some randomized trials have indicated that chemoradiation improves the median survival of patients with locally advanced as well as resected pancreatic cancer, other more recent trials have called into question the role of chemoradiation and have supported the use of chemotherapy. In the adjuvant setting, the high local tumor recurrence/persistence rate in all trials probably reflects the inclusion of patients with incompletely resected tumors, whose prognosis is similar to the prognosis of patients with locally advanced who do not undergo resection, making these trials difficult to interpret. More precise clinical staging and selection of patients appropriate for surgical resection is an important goal. The keys to the successful integration of radiotherapy in the care of patients with localized pancreatic cancer are selection, sequencing and smaller treatment volumes. A strategy of initial chemotherapy followed by consolidation with a well-tolerated chemoradiation regimen both in the adjuvant and locally advanced settings maximizes benefits of both treatment options, which are in fact complementary. Herein, we discuss the rationale for this approach as well as the ongoing investigation of novel radiation approaches designed to enhance outcome through the molecular and physical targeting of disease as well as the investigation of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in radiographically resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Unit 97, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 1515, Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas, USA. ccrane@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varadhachary
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Settle
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine