title: Viscosity of oat bran-enriched beverages influences gastrointestinal hormonal responses in healthy humans.
abstract: Viscous fibers, including beta-glucan in oat bran, favorably affect satiety as well as postprandial carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, effects of fiber viscosity on modulation of satiety-related gut hormone responses are largely unknown. We examined the effects of modified oat bran, with or without its natural viscosity, on sensations of appetite and satiety-related gastrointestinal (GI) hormone responses to establish the relevance of viscosity of beta-glucan in oat bran. Twenty healthy, normal-weight participants (16 female, 4 male, aged 22.6 +/- 0.7 y) ingested 2 isocaloric (1250 kJ) 300-mL oat bran beverages with low or high viscosity (carbohydrates, 57.9 g; protein, 7.8 g; fat, 3.3 g; fiber, 10.2 g) after a 12-h fast in randomized order. Viscosity of the low-viscosity oat bran beverage was reduced by beta-glucanase treatment. Blood samples were drawn before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after beverage consumption. The oat bran beverage with low viscosity induced a greater postprandial increase in satiety (P = 0.048) and plasma glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.008), cholecystokinin (P = 0.035), glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.037), and peptide YY (P = 0.051) and a greater decrease in postprandial ghrelin (P = 0.009) than the beverage with high-viscosity oat bran. Gastric emptying as measured by paracetamol absorption was also faster (P = 0.034) after low-viscosity oat bran beverage consumption. In conclusion, viscosity differences in oat beta-glucan in a liquid meal with identical chemical composition strongly influenced not only glucose and insulin responses, but also short-term gut hormone responses, implying the importance of food structure in the modulation of postprandial satiety-related physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. kristiina.juvonen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Kristiina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Juvonen
authors.forename: Anna-Kaisa
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Purhonen
authors.forename: Marjatta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmenkallio-Marttila
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lähteenmäki
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Matti I J
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: Kaisa S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Poutanen
authors.forename: Leila J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Karhunen
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014783:Viscosity; D055815:Young Adult; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D047071:beta-Glucans; D019894:Peptide YY; D000082:Acetaminophen; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002766:Cholecystokinin