title: Oral automatisms induced by stimulation of the mesial frontal cortex.
abstract: Extraoperative electrical stimulation is frequently used to identify eloquent areas in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who undergo subdural grid evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Oral automatisms elicited by cortical stimulation have been described in the mesial temporal lobe, but also in the mesial frontal lobe, particularly the cingulate gyrus. However oral automatisms attributed to stimulation in the superior frontal gyrus without afterdischarges have never been reported. Herein we present two patients with right frontal lobe epilepsy with oral automatisms induced by electrical stimulation of the right mesial superior frontal gyrus.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Kanjana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unnwongse
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lachhwani
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang-Wai
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matley
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Dileep
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bingaman
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wyllie
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001332:Automatism / Q000209:etiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male