title: Effectiveness of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in selected patients: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with the standard technique, the number of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) operations without a drainage catheter is increasing in recent years. In this prospective randomized study, we compared the morbidity of totally tubeless (tubeless and stentless) PCNL operations with the standard operation technique in a single center with a selected patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients who fulfilled the criteria were included. Forty-five patients underwent totally tubeless PCNL (Group 1) and a 14F malecot nephrostomy catheter was used in another set of 45 patients (Group 2). Inclusion criteria for the study were no serious bleeding or perforation in the collecting system during the operation, stone free or clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF <4 mm), and no more than one access.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When two groups were compared with regard to age, stone volume, postoperative hemoglobin change, transfusion rate, and operation time, no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, a significant difference was found in hospitalization time between the two groups (P < 0.05). The amount of non-steroidal analgesic (tenoxicam) needed and non-steroidal analgesia-resistant pain which was resolved with narcotic analgesics (meperidine) were significantly lower in Group 1 (P < 0.05). Complications were observed in two patients (4.5%) in Group 1 (one retroperitoneal hematoma, one long-lasting renal colic) and in six patients (13.3%) in Group 2 (five prolonged urine drainage, one long-lasting fever) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tubeless and stentless PCNL is a safe method and reduces hospitalization time and analgesic requirement, and promotes quality of life in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey. drokanist@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mustafa Okan
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Istanbulluoglu
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: Tufan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozkardes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult