title: Analysis of the eukaryotic topoisomerase II DNA gate: a single-molecule FRET and structural perspective.
abstract: Type II DNA topoisomerases (topos) are essential and ubiquitous enzymes that perform important intracellular roles in chromosome condensation and segregation, and in regulating DNA supercoiling. Eukaryotic topo II, a type II topoisomerase, is a homodimeric enzyme that solves topological entanglement problems by using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to pass one segment of DNA through another by way of a reversible, enzyme-bridged double-stranded break. This DNA break is linked to the protein by a phosphodiester bond between the active site tyrosine of each subunit and backbone phosphate of DNA. The opening and closing of the DNA gate, a critical step for strand passage during the catalytic cycle, is coupled to this enzymatic cleavage/religation of the backbone. This reversible DNA cleavage reaction is the target of a number of anticancer drugs, which can elicit DNA damage by affecting the cleavage/religation equilibrium. Because of its clinical importance, many studies have sought to determine the manner in which topo II interacts with DNA. Here we highlight recent single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and crystallographic studies that have provided new insight into the dynamics and structure of the topo II DNA gate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Tammy R L
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Gordon G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hammes
authors.forename: Tao-Shih
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D008958:Models, Molecular
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II