title: Systemic immunization with unadjuvanted whole Helicobacter pylori protects mice against heterologous challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjuvant-free vaccines have many benefits, including decreased cost and toxicity. We examined the protective effect of systemic vaccination with adjuvant-free formalin-fixed Helicobacter pylori or bacterial lysate and the ability of this vaccine to induce protection against heterologous challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with H. pylori 11637 lysate or formalin-fixed bacteria, with or without ISCOMATRIX adjuvant, then orally challenged with H. pylori SS1. Serum was taken prior to challenge to examine specific antibody levels induced by the vaccinations, and protection was assessed by colony-forming assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination with H. pylori 11637 lysate or formalin-fixed bacteria delivered systemically induced significantly higher levels of Helicobacter-specific serum IgG than the control, unvaccinated group and orally vaccinated group. After heterologous challenge with H. pylori SS1, all vaccinated groups had significantly lower levels of colonization compared with unvaccinated, control mice, regardless of the addition of adjuvant or route of delivery. Protection induced by systemic vaccination with whole bacterial preparations, without the addition of adjuvants, was only associated with a mild cellular infiltration into the gastric mucosa, with no evidence of atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous vaccination using unadjuvanted formalin-fixed H. pylori has the potential to be a simple, cost-effective approach to the development of a Helicobacter vaccine. Importantly, this vaccine was able to induce protection against heterologous challenge, a factor that would be crucial in any human Helicobacter vaccine. Further studies are required to determine mechanisms of protection and to improve protective ability.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stacey N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Harbour
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Every
authors.forename: Stirling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated