title: Gadolinium promoted proliferation and enhanced survival in human cervical carcinoma cells.
abstract: The effect of gadolinium chloride (Gd) on the proliferation of HeLa cells was investigated at lower concentration. The results obtained by MTT and cell cycle analysis showed that Gd promoted proliferation by inducing S phase entry in HeLa cells at the concentration less than 100 microM. It was further evidenced by both an increase in the levels of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and a remarkable increase in cyclin E expression. Moreover, the survival of cells, exposed to Gd up to 3-5 days, was increased compared with control. The attenuation of the serum deprivation-induced cell loss by Gd was associated with the sustained activation of FAK (PY(397)) and the delayed activation of JNKs pathway. Besides, it appeared that Gd promoted cell proliferation and survival in HeLa cells was not contributed to the ROS generation. Based on the present results, both positive and negative effects of the lanthanides as potential drugs or diagnostic agents are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jin-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Gai
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Da
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019927:Cyclin E; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D005682:Gadolinium; C038958:gadolinium chloride