title: Alternative method for cardiac resynchronization: transapical lead implantation.
abstract: Alternative methods are necessary for cardiac resynchronization therapy when coronary sinus lead implantation fails. We aim to describe a fundamentally new approach using transapical implantation of an active fixation endocardial pacing lead. This technique is based on direct puncture of the left ventricular apex using the standard Seldinger technique. The tip of the lead is positioned with intracavital navigation under fluoroscopy. This method offers advantages for cardiac resynchronization because it is minimally invasive, provides endocardial pacing, and does not involve the mitral valve.
authors.affiliation: Gottsegen Gyorgy Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kassai
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foldesi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szekely
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szili-Torok
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D054326:Coronary Sinus; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*