title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to recovery of skilled reaching after focal ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and neuroplasticity. Further, exogenous treatment with BDNF or exposing animals to enrichment and exercise regimens, which also increase BDNF, enhances behavioral recovery after brain injury. Thus, the beneficial effects of rehabilitation in promoting recovery after stroke may also depend on BDNF. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the contribution of BDNF to motor skill relearning after endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antisense BDNF oligonucleotide, which blocks the expression of BDNF (or saline vehicle) was infused into the contralateral lateral ventricle for 28 days after ischemia. Animals received either a graduated rehabilitation program, including running exercise and skilled reaching training, which simulates clinical practice, or no rehabilitation. Functional recovery was assessed with a battery of tests that measured skilled reaching, forelimb use asymmetry, and foraging ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rehabilitation significantly improved skilled reaching ability in the staircase task. Antisense BDNF oligonucleotide effectively blocked BDNF mRNA, and negated the beneficial effects of rehabilitation on recovery of skilled reaching. Importantly, antisense BDNF oligonucleotide did not affect reaching with the unaffected limb, body weight, infarct size, or foraging ability, indicating the treatment was specific to relearning of motor skill after ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to identify a critical role for BDNF in rehabilitation-induced recovery after stroke, and our results suggest that new treatments to enhance BDNF would constitute a promising therapy for promoting recovery of function after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ploughman
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Windle
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: MacLellan
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jules J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corbett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011187:Posture; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger