title: Seasonality of Bacillus species isolated from blood cultures and its potential implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because they are rarely associated with actual infections, Bacillus species are usually defined as contaminants. However, when isolated, they require precise laboratory identification and may influence treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our aims were to examine the seasonality of Bacillus spp isolates cultured from clinical blood specimens. Blood culture results of several hospitals between December 1, 2003, and October 31, 2007, were analyzed. The data were aggregated by month of isolation and were also studied by age. Spectral and Cosinor analyses were used to examine the periodicity of the bacillus isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 931,331 blood cultures analyzed, 2487 (1.7%) yielded Bacillus spp isolates. There was a 2.5-fold increase in the number of bacillus isolates during August to October, compared with the other months (P < .01). This finding was consistent over hospitals and in all age groups. Spectral and Cosinor analyses confirmed this pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolation of Bacillus spp from blood cultures has a seasonal pattern. This observation needs to be taken into account in surveillance systems for early detection of anthrax and in investigating nosocomial outbreaks. Elucidating the cause of this seasonality may enable future reduction in contamination rates.
authors.affiliation: Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel. E-mail: ashkenazi.liat@gmail.com
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
authors.forename: Zalman
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dictar
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Manfred S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D055815:Young Adult