title: Evaluation of consortia of microorganisms for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial wastewater.
abstract: The Chromium (Cr) uptake ability of Cr-resistant bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, yeast Candida etschellsii, and a protozoan Stylonychia mytilus, isolated from industrial waste water, was evaluated individually and in different combinations. It was found that the three types of microorganisms grown together in a culture medium could collectively uptake 90% of Cr(6+) from the culture medium as against 82% by bacterium + protozoan or yeast + protozoan combined culture, each. Consortium of bacterium, yeast and ciliates therefore could make much more efficient inoculum for remediation of Cr-contaminated industrial waste water.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muneer
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Farah R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Shakoori
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shakoori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion