title: Widespread expression of inducible NOS and citrulline in lupus nephritis tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine the presence of functional inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lupus nephritis lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen kidney biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis and an equal number of normal control kidney biopsies were examined for the presence of iNOS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and citrulline by using immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, iNOS and eNOS mRNAs were examined by reverse transcription -PCR amplification of total renal RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All biopsies expressed constitutive eNOS, but in contrast to normal kidney biopsies, 70% of the lupus biopsies also expressed iNOS mRNA and the cognate protein. Eight positive biopsies corresponded to class IV lupus nephritis, which also had a high degree of citrullination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that functional iNOS activity is present in glomeruli as part of the inflammatory process in the kidney; therefore the products of iNOS could play a role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zac. México.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bollain-y-Goytia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Sandoval
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esparza
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Tovar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avalos-Diaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Padilla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrera-Esparza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002956:Citrulline / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002956:Citrulline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III