title: Retention of copper originating from different fungicides in contrasting soil types.
abstract: This work described the retention of Cu from two different commonly used pesticides, the Bordeaux mixture (CuSO(4)+Ca(OH)(2)) and Cu-oxychloride (3Cu(OH)(2).CuCl(2)), and from Cu(NO(3))(2) in contrasting soil types (Leptosol, Chernozem, Cambisol). Thermodynamic modeling showed that Cu speciation was similar in all fungicide solutions. However, the retention of Cu differed with the fungicide used (maximum retention from the Bordeaux mixture) which indicates that different retention processes occurred in the studied soils. The suggested mechanisms include: specific and non-specific adsorption (especially on soil organic matter), precipitation of newly formed phases, such as CuO, Cu(OH)(2), Cu(2)(OH)(3)NO(3), CuCO(3)/Cu(2)(OH)(2)CO(3) and in the case of the Bordeaux mixture, precipitation of various Cu-hydroxysulfates. These phases were identified by the speciation model. The retention of fungicide-derived Cu in the studied soil types followed well the Freundlich isotherm and was directly controlled by the chemical form of Cu. This fact should be taken into account for both environmental and practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic. komarek@af.czu.cz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komárek
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanek
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chrastný
authors.forename: Jirina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Száková
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubová
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drahota
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balík
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C007120:copper oxychloride; D003300:Copper; C006788:Bordeaux mixture