title: Immunomodulatory properties of human periodontal ligament stem cells.
abstract: Tissue engineering utilizing periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has recently been proposed for the development of new periodontal regenerative therapies. Although the use of autologous PDLSC transplantation eliminates the potential of a significant host immune response against the donor cells, it is often difficult to generate enough PDLSCs from one donor source due to the variation of stem cell potential between donors and disease state of each patient. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory properties of PDLSCs as candidates for new allogeneic stem cell-based therapies. Human PDLSCs displayed cell surface marker characteristics and differentiation potential similar to bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). PDLSCs, BMSSCs, and DPSCs inhibited peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) proliferation stimulated with mitogen or in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Interestingly, gingival fibroblasts (GFs) also suppressed allogeneic PBMNC proliferation under both assay conditions. PDLSCs, BMSSCs, DPSCs, and GFs exhibited non-cell contact dependent suppression of PBMNC proliferation in co-cultures using transwells. Furthermore, conditioned media (CM) derived from each cell type pretreated with IFN-gamma partially suppressed PBMNC proliferation when compared to CMs without IFN-gamma stimulation. In all of these mesenchymal cell types cultured with activated PBMNCs, the expression of TGF-beta1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) was upregulated while IDO expression was upregulated following stimulation with IFN-gamma. These results suggest that PDLSCs, BMSSCs, DPSCs, and GFs possess immunosuppressive properties mediated, in part, by soluble factors, produced by activated PBMNCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 667-676, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science/Hanson Institute/CSCR, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menicanin
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: P Mark
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bartold
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gronthos
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase