Apoenzyme reconstitution as a chemical tool for structural enzymology and biotechnology.
Many enzymes contain a nondiffusible organic cofactor, often termed a prosthetic group, which is located in the active site and essential for the catalytic activity of the enzyme. These cofactors can often be extracted from the protein to yield the respective apoenzyme, which can subsequently be reconstituted with an artificial analogue of the native cofactor. Nowadays a large variety of synthetic cofactors can be used for the reconstitution of apoenzymes and, thus, generate novel semisynthetic enzymes. This approach has been refined over the past decades to become a versatile tool of structural enzymology to elucidate structure-function relationships of enzymes. Moreover, the reconstitution of apoenzymes can also be used to generate enzymes possessing enhanced or even entirely new functionality. This Review gives an overview on historical developments and the current state-of-the-art on apoenzyme reconstitution.
Fruk
Ljiljana
L
Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto-Hahn Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ljiljana.fruk@uni-dortmund.de
Kuo
Chi-Hsien
CH
Torres
Eduardo
E
Niemeyer
Christof M
CM
D001051:Apoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045542:PQQ Cofactor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D001051:Apoenzymes; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D006418:Heme; D045542:PQQ Cofactor