Effects of environmental tobacco smoke in vivo on rhesus monkey semen quality, sperm function, and sperm metabolism.
The objective of this study was to use a non-human primate model to examine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in vivo on semen quality, sperm function, and sperm metabolism. Four adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were exposed to ETS for six months, and semen samples were collected every week for evaluation. ETS exposure in vivo did not affect semen quality and sperm function. The sperm X:Y chromosome ratio remained unchanged after ETS exposure. The sex ratio of the embryos fertilized by ETS-exposed males was not different from the control male. However, sperm showed changes in metabolome detected by NMR during the ETS exposure. We concluded that with the duration and level of ETS exposure in this study, semen quality and sperm function were not affected, whereas sperm did undergo metabolic changes with ETS exposure in vivo.
Hung
Pei-Hsuan
PH
University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Froenicke
Lutz
L
Lin
Ching Yu
CY
Lyons
Leslie A
LA
Miller
Marion G
MG
Pinkerton
Kent E
KE
VandeVoort
Catherine A
CA
D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000378:metabolism; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000378:metabolism
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine