title: Prostatic soy isoflavone concentrations exceed serum levels after dietary supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of soy isoflavones on prostate cancer may be concentration-dependent. The impact of soy supplementation on isoflavone concentrations in prostate tissues and serum remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare concentrations of soy isoflavones in prostate tissue and serum among 19 men with prostate cancer who had elected to undergo radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to receive either daily soy supplements (82 mg/day aglycone equivalents) or placebos for 2 weeks (14 days) prior to surgery. Serum samples were obtained at the time of the surgery. Isoflavone concentrations were measured by HPLC/ESI-MS-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (25th, 75th percentile) total isoflavone concentration in the isoflavone-supplemented group was 2.3 micromol/L (1.2, 6.9) in the prostate tissue and 0.7 micromol/L (0.2, 1.2) in the serum. Total isoflavone concentrations in this group were an average of approximately 6-fold higher in prostate tissue compared to serum; the tissue versus serum ratio was significantly lower for genistein than daidzein, 4-fold versus 10-fold, P = 0.003. Tissue and serum levels of isoflavones among the placebo group were negligible with a few exceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from the present study suggest that prostate tissue may have the ability to concentrate dietary soy isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305, USA. cgardner@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oelrich
authors.forename: Jenny P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D060754:Equol; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D013025:Glycine max; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; D007529:Isoflavones; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein