title: Anticholinergics for urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the commonest physically disabling chronic neurological disease affecting young people. Urinary symptoms are present in about 68% of people with MS but their basis has a number of potential aetiologies that can change with time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the absolute and comparative efficacy, tolerability and safety of anticholinergic agents in MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis Group Specialised Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue1), MEDLINE (January 1966 to January 2008), EMBASE (January 1974 to January 2008), supplemented with search of reference lists, personal communication with authors and relevant drug manufacturers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trials and cross-over trials (blinded and unblinded) that are either placebo-controlled or comparing two or more treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  All four review authors independently assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted data. Data were processed as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our search strategy identified 33 articles of which thirty were excluded. Three single centre trials were included. No details were given regarding randomisation and blinding in the first two trials but side effects were frequent with all treatments.The first (Hebjorn 1977) was a double blind randomised crossover trial. Thirty four persons with MS received three drugs Methantheline Bromide, Flavoxate Chloride and Meladrazine Tartrate each for 14 days, washout periods were not mentioned. Median volume measurements at the first bladder contraction were statistically significant at a 5% level for Methantheline Bromide only compared to no treatment.The second (Gajewski 1986) was a prospective parallel group randomised study. Thirty four persons with MS were treated for 6-8 weeks with Oxybutynin (19 subjects) or Propantheline (15 subjects). For frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urge incontinence differences in symptom grade in favour of Oxybutynin were found. However, only for frequency the difference was statistically significant at 5% level.The third (Fader 2007) was a double blind crossover trial. Sixty four persons with MS received oral Oxybutynin or intravesical Atropine for 14 days. Details of randomisation and blinding were given. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in any efficacy outcome measure. Side effects and QOL scores showed significant differences in favour of atropine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the available evidence we cannot advocate the use of anticholinergics in MS.
authors.affiliation: West London Neurosciences Centre, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK, W6 8RF. richard.nicholas@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Friede
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists