title: Conception and design of an automated insertion tool for cochlear implants.
abstract: Cochlear implants (CI) are electronic devices incorporating an electrode inserted into the human cochlea for direct electric stimulation of the auditory nerve. The implantation has become the standard treatment for patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural loss not aidable with conventional hearing aids. The state of the art operative technique is a facial recess approach to the middle ear, following the opening of the scala tympani (cochleostomy) and insertion of the electrode array. The facial recess approach is applicable only by experienced surgeons and optimal CI results primarily depend on optimal electrode placement and minimal traumatic insertion. This also requires a certain amount of experience. Additionally several groups work on minimally-invasive approaches to the cochlea, resulting in the necessity to insert the implant via a keyhole access, which is not applicable with current techniques. This paper presents a mechatronic device for an automated insertion of the electrode array of a cochlear implant system. Being designed especially for minimally-invasive approaches, the tool is also applicable for regular facial recess approaches. Moreover the device allows reliable and repeatable insertion studies at synthetic models or cadaver specimen. The functionality of the tool is proofed with first experiments on a synthetic model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Robotics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussong
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eilers
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinung
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Majdani
mesh_terms: D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity