title: Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels in migraine, tension-type headache and cervicogenic headache.
abstract: Cytokines have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from headache patients [infrequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine with or without aura, all during attack, and cervicogenic headache] and compared with levels in pain-free individuals. Both proinflammatory [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)] were included. There were significant group differences in IL-1ra, TGF-beta1 and MCP-1 in episodic TTH and migraine compared with controls, and a significant difference in MCP-1 between cervicogenic headache and migraine with aura. Intrathecal MCP-1 correlated with IL-1ra, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 in episodic TTH, and MCP-1 with IL-10 in migraine with aura. Cytokine increases were modest compared with those often accompanying serious neurological conditions, and may represent a mild response to pain. We believe this to be the first comparative study of CSF cytokine levels in connection with headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bø
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Davidsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gulbrandsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dietrichs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovim
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10