title: Measurement and receptor modeling of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
abstract: The concentrations of 21 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total suspended particles (TSPs) were measured using high-volume air samplers at Tzuo-Yin and Hsiung-Kong sites in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, for four seasons from 2005 to 2006. The gaseous and particulate phases of individual PAHs were identified using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Measurements show that the concentrations of total (gas+particulate) PAHs generally followed the seasonal variations of the concentrations of TSP (107.2-117.1 microg m(-3)), being the highest in winter (143.9-182.9 ng m(-3)) and lowest in summer (81.4-95.2 ng m(-3)) at both sites. Most PAH species were low-weight PAHs (approximately 80.8-82.0%), followed by high-weight PAHs (10.5-14.6%) and medium-weight PAHs (6.5-6.8%). The fractions of gaseous PAHs decreased with molecular weight or ring number. The particle phase (60.2(73.5%) dominated the high-weight PAHs. Results of receptor model show that industrial combustions (49.1-63.7%) contributed most to ambient PAHs, followed by restaurant emissions (18.4-39.7%) and mobile sources (11.3-22.8%) at the Tzuo-Yin site. At the Hsiung-Kong, mobile sources (49.5-63.3%) contributed most to ambient PAHs, followed by restaurant emissions (19.8-36.6%) and industrial combustions (13.7-27.1%). The differences in the results at the two sites are mainly attributed to the different industries at each site.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lein_hei Road, Ku-san District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC. shin@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002947:Cities; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons