title: Transportation of peripheral blood progenitor cell products: effects of time, temperature and cell concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products are often transported at high cell concentrations (>200x10(9)/L) over long distances, requiring >36 h transport time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh PBPC samples from 12 healthy donors were studied with various viability assays regarding the effects of temperature, cell concentration and duration of storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trypan blue exclusion was far less sensitive to cell damage than two-color fluorescence for CD34 and 7-AAD, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assays; the latter assay proved the most sensitive. All products stored at 4 degrees C maintained their viability for up to 4 days. Thus, at 96 h, recovery of viable CD34(+) cells was still 82%, and of CFU-GM 57%, even at concentrations of 200x10(9)/L. Higher storage temperatures rapidly decreased the viability, with extensive variation between donors. At room temperature 80% of viable CD34(+) cells and >90% of CFU-GM were lost after 48 h of storage at 200x10(9)/L. Lower cell concentrations allowed storage at higher temperatures: at 17 degrees C a concentration of 50x10(9)/L resulted in only 5% loss of viable CD34(+) cells after 48 h, while the loss was >30% at 200x10(9)/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBPC products should be transported at 4 degrees C. Dilution of the product may partly compensate for slightly higher temperatures. Trypan blue exclusion should be abandoned as a method for assessing viability after prolonged transportation. Proliferative assays should be used to validate transportation conditions.
authors.affiliation: Indiana Blood and Marrow Transplantation and St Francis Hospital and Health Centers, Indianapolis 46107, USA. jjansen@ibmtindy.com
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Margaret I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Luke P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Akard
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation