title: The alkaloid profiles of Lupinus sulphureus.
abstract: Lupines are common plants on the rangelands in the western United States. Lupines contain alkaloids that can be toxic and teratogenic causing congenital birth defects (crooked calf disease). One such lupine, Lupinus sulphureus, occurs in parts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Specimens of L. sulphureus from field collections and herbaria were evaluated taxonomically and by chemical means. A total of seven distinct alkaloid profiles and the individual alkaloids associated with each profile were identified. Each alkaloid profile was unique in its geographical distribution and its potential risk to livestock. In conclusion, taxonomic classification is not sufficient to determine risk, as chemical characterization of the alkaloids must also be performed.
authors.affiliation: Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341, USA. daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Benedict T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: T Zane
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Kip E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Panter
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000662:veterinary; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D031297:Lupinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D013723:Teratogens