title: The Conners' 10-item scale: findings in a total population of Swedish 10-11-year-old children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present normative data for the Swedish version of the Conners' 10-item scale, to validate the scale by comparing children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to explore the factor structure of this scale and to investigate behavioural characteristics and gender differences among 10- to 11-year-old children, as rated by parents and teachers respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents and teachers rated 509 10- to 11-year-old children (261 boys and 248 girls) from a population-based cohort in a Swedish municipality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Conners' 10-item scale discriminated very well between children with and without ADHD. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-dimensional structure of the scale with items measuring restless/impulsive behaviour in one factor and items measuring emotional lability in another. An ANOVA revealed that parents and teachers reported different behavioural characteristics in boys as compared to girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Conners' 10-item scale is a valid screening instrument for identification of ADHD. The two subscales can be used separately, in addition to the total score, to get a more detailed picture of the child's behaviour. Parents and teachers pay attention to different aspects of problem behaviour in boys and girls. The less disruptive behaviour of girls needs to be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. jwd@psychology.su.se
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Näswall
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernell
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D010290:Parents; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden