title: Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of conservative treatment in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is impingement of the median nerve at the wrist. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of tendon and nerve gliding exercises with standard conservative treatment (SCT), which consists of splinting and local steroid injections, in the treatment of CTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial. Patients were randomized into three groups: treatment with SCT (Group 1); SCT and tendon and nerve gliding exercises (Group 2); tendon and nerve gliding exercises only (Group 3). A symptom total point score was obtained from five symptoms: hand pain, tingling, numbness, nocturnal numbness, and interrupted sleep. The functional status of the hand was determined by assessing seven daily living activities: writing, buttoning clothes, gripping a telephone receiver, opening jars, doing housework, carrying grocery bags, and bathing. Standard physical examinations (Tinel's test, Phalen's test, reverse Phalen's test, and the compression test) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 111 patients who were diagnosed with intermediate-stage CTS were included in the study. At the end of treatment, significant improvements in symptoms and functionality were detected in all groups. However, the recovery of patients in Groups 1 (n=41) and 2 (n=35) were found to be significantly greater than that of patients in Group 3 (n=35; P<0.001). Patient satisfaction was investigated a mean of 11 months after treatment. Percentages of asymptomatic patients in Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly higher than in Group 3 (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the intermediate stage of CTS, SCT was an effective treatment to improve symptoms and functional status. Tendon and nerve gliding exercises alone were inferior to either SCT alone or SCT in combination with gliding exercises.
authors.affiliation: Nişantaşi-Ihlamur, yolu No:79/8, Teşvikiye, Istanbul, Turkey. aysenurbardak@superonline.com
authors.forename: Ayşe N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bardak
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alp
authors.forename: Belgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erhan
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paker
authors.forename: Betül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Ayşe E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Onal
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies