Metal-ceramic alloys in dentistry: a review.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to review basic information about the alloys used for fabricating metal-ceramic restorations in dentistry. Their compositions, properties, advantages, and disadvantages are presented and compared. In addition to reviewing traditional noble-metal and base-metal metal-ceramic alloys, titanium and gold composite alloys are also discussed.


METHODS
A broad search of the published literature was performed using Medline to identify pertinent current articles on metal-ceramic alloys as well as articles providing a historical background about the development of these alloys. Textbooks, the internet, and manufacturers' literature were also used to supplement this information.


RESULTS
The review discusses traditional as well as more recently-developed alloys and technologies used in dentistry for fabricating metal-ceramic restorations. Clear advantages and disadvantages for these alloy types are provided and discussed as well as the role that compositional variations have on the alloys' performance. This information should enable clinicians and technicians to easily identify the important physical properties of each type and their primary clinical indications.


CONCLUSIONS
A number of alloys and metals are available for metal-ceramic use in dentistry. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, primarily based on its specific composition. Continuing research and development are resulting in the production of new technologies and products, giving clinicians even more choices in designing and fabricating metal-ceramic restorations.
Roberts
Howard W
HW
USAF Dental Evaluation and Consultation Service-Dental Biomaterials Evaluation, Great Lakes, IL, USA.
Berzins
David W
DW
Moore
B Keith
BK
Charlton
David G
DG
D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D010165:Palladium; D014025:Titanium