title: Quality of life in chemical warfare survivors with ophthalmologic injuries: the first results form Iran Chemical Warfare Victims Health Assessment Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iraq used chemical weapons extensively against the Iranians during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988). The aim of this study was to assess the health related quality of life (HRQOL) in people who had ophthalmologic complications due to the sulfur mustard gas exposure during the war.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Veterans and Martyrs Affair Foundation (VMAF) database indicated that there were 196 patients with severe ophthalmologic complications due to chemical weapons exposure. Of these, those who gave consent (n = 147) entered into the study. Quality of life was measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and scores were compared to those of the general public. In addition logistic regression analysis was performed to indicate variables that contribute to physical and mental health related quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 44.8 (SD = 8.7) ranging from 21 to 75 years. About one-third of the cases (n= 50) reported exposure to chemical weapons more than once. The mean exposure duration to sulfur mustard gas was 21.6 years (SD = 1.2). The lowest scores on the SF-36 subscales were found to be: the role physical and the general health. Quality of life in chemical warfare victims who had ophthalmologic problems was significantly lower than the general public (P < 0.001). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis indicated that those who did not participate in sport activities suffer from a poorer physical health (OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.36 to 6.30, P = 0.006). The analysis also showed that poor mental health was associated with longer time since exposure (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.39, P = 0.03) and lower education (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.21 to 7.56, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest that chemical warfare victims with ophthalmologic complications suffer from poor health related quality of life. It seems that the need for provision of health and support for this population is urgent. In addition, further research is necessary to measure health related quality of life in victims with different types of disabilities in order to support and enhance quality of life among this population.
authors.affiliation: Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran. bmousavi@jmerc.ac.ir
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montazeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007493:Iraq; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000506:poisoning*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas