title: Hydroxyl radical generation dependent on extracellular ascorbate in rat striatum, as determined by microdialysis.
abstract: Ascorbate (AA), an antioxidant substance known as vitamin C, exists in the brain at a high concentration, although transfer into the brain after systemic administration of AA itself is limited. Intraperitoneal administration of dehydroascorbate (DHA) resulted in a rapid and progressive increase in extracellular AA in rat striatum in a dose-dependent manner. DHA administration increased 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (2,3- and 2,5-DHBA) formation from salicylate in parallel with the increase in extracellular AA. Intrastriatal administration of active AA oxidase (AAO), but not the inactivated enzyme, completely suppressed the increase in 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA formation after the DHA administration. These findings suggest that extracellular AA might stimulate hydroxyl radical (OH) generation in the striatum. This is supported by the observation of dose-dependent OH generation upon intrastriatal administration of AA itself. In addition, deferoxamine, an iron chelator, decreased basal 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA formation and strongly, though not completely, suppressed the DHA-induced increase of 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA formation. Therefore, increased extracellular AA might function as a prooxidant and stimulate OH generation in cooperation with iron in rat striatum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan. s-hara@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuriiwa
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D005841:Gentisates / Q000378:metabolism; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005841:Gentisates; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C010925:2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid