title: Adipose tissue distribution is different in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extent to which adipose tissue (AT) distribution is different between persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nondiabetic control subjects remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish whether total body adiposity and its distribution, quantified by using state-of-the-art whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, differs between these 2 groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional evaluation included 93 participants (n = 56 women and 37 men) in the Look AHEAD (Action for HEAlth in Diabetes) Trial with T2DM who had a mean (+/-SD) age of 58.3 +/- 6.6 y and body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 31.6 +/- 3.1 and 93 healthy non-T2DM control subjects (n = 64 women and 29 men) who had a mean (+/-SD) age of 60.6 +/- 17.1 y and body mass index of 29.6 +/- 3.0. All participants self-reported being of African American or white ancestry. Magnetic resonance imaging-derived in vivo measures of total-body AT (TAT) and its distribution, subcutaneous AT (SAT), visceral AT (VAT), and intermuscular AT (IMAT) were acquired. Linear regression models were developed for each AT compartment to adjust for important covariates of race, sex, age, height, and weight and to examine potential interactions of covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These models showed significantly less SAT (African American: -1.2 kg; white: -2.4 kg; both P = 0.001), including less femoral-gluteal SAT, more VAT (African American: 0.7 kg, P < 0.001; white: 1.8 kg, P = 0.007), and more IMAT (0.5 kg, P = 0.001) in the T2DM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that AT distribution is significantly altered in T2DM, ie, more VAT and IMAT--2 depots known to exacerbate insulin resistance--and less SAT in persons with T2DM than in healthy control subjects, a novel finding that we posit may compound the risk of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Body Composition Unit-New York Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, Scrymser Basement, New York, NY 10025, USA. dg108@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Dympna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Jung-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: Jeanine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albu
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boxt
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Pi-Sunyer
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshka
mesh_terms: D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology*