title: Autism spectrum disorder in children with and without epilepsy: impact on social functioning and communication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare developmental and psychological functioning in two groups of children with autism spectrum disorder (asd), one with epilepsy and one without.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty 7-17-year-old children in each group were recruited through a range of services in order to screen as representative a sample as possible. Parents were interviewed using the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders (DISCO-11), and children were clinically examined and their medical histories assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The asd and epilepsy (asd+e) group demonstrated a substantially more even gender ratio, with a greater proportion of girls. They were more likely to have received later asd diagnoses and additional medical diagnoses. They also showed more motor difficulties, developmental delays and challenging behaviours, but were no more likely to be aloof and passive. The asd-only group experienced more abnormal fascinations with objects and used brief glances as a means of eye contact more than the asd+e group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support important between-group differences with diagnostic and therapeutic implications. asds often present atypically in children with seizures. However, both groups showed widely varying social and linguistic presentations.
authors.affiliation: Section of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Division of Clinical Development Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK. jturk@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012917:Social Adjustment