title: [Use of zolpidem and zopiclone on private prescriptions between 1993 and 2007].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to analyse the amount of so-called private prescriptions of zolpidem and zopiclone (Z drugs) over a 15-year period in Germany. Any doctor can prescribe drugs privately. Private prescriptions are fully funded by the patients. At present the total number of doctors' prescriptions in Germany is undocumented because this information is not recorded in insurance claims data. This may be one reason why physicians prescribe drugs that are associated with abuse and dependence (such as Z drugs) more frequently on private prescriptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared utilization data from statutory health insurance claims with the purchasing statistics from public pharmacies over the years 1993-2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Throughout the study period, purchases of zolpidem and zopiclone increased from 1.4 million to 3.7 million packages and 0.8 million to 3.9 million packages, respectively. A constantly rising proportion of private prescriptions for zolpidem resp. zopiclone were issued between 1993 (+6% resp. +6%), 1999 (+43% resp. +34%), and 2007 (+122% resp. +72%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since their approval in Germany, zopiclone and especially zolpidem have frequently been dispensed on private prescriptions.
authors.affiliation: ZeS, Abteilung Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik und Versorgungsforschung, Universität Bremen, Ausser der Schleifmühle 35-37, 28203, Bremen. hoffmann@zes.uni-bremen.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scharffetter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glaeske
mesh_terms: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005858:Germany; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010879:Piperazines; D055656:Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; C515050:zopiclone; D000077334:Zolpidem