title: Implementation of rapid HIV testing programs in community and outreach settings: perspectives from staff at eight community-based organizations in seven U.S. cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this research were to evaluate perceptions of staff about the effectiveness of methods used by eight community-based organizations (CBOs) to implement human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and rapid testing in community and outreach settings in seven U.S. cities, and to identify operational challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was administered to CBO staff to determine their perceptions about the effectiveness of methods used to select testing venues, promote their testing programs, recruit people for testing, provide test results, and link HIV-positive people to health care. Using a Likert scale, respondents rated the effectiveness of methods, their agreement with statements about using mobile testing units (MTUs) and rapid HIV test kits, and operational challenges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most respondents perceived the methods they used for selecting testing venues, and particularly using recommendations from people receiving testing, to be effective. Most respondents also thought their promotional activities were effective. Respondents believed that using MTUs improved their capacity to reach high-risk individuals, but that MTUs were associated with substantial challenges (e.g., costs to purchase and maintain them). Programmatic challenges included training staff to provide counseling and testing, locating and providing confirmatory test results to people with reactive rapid tests, and sustaining testing programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBO staff thought the methods used to select venues for HIV testing were effective and that using MTUs increased their ability to provide testing to high-risk individuals. However, using MTUs was expensive and posed logistical difficulties. CBOs planning to implement similar programs should take these findings into consideration and pay particular attention to training needs and program sustainability.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. HClark@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Hollie A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kristina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: Binwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Heffelfinger
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D003153:Community Health Services; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D037001:Directive Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States