title: Vaccinia virus exhibits cell-type-dependent entry characteristics.
abstract: Differing and sometimes conflicting data have been reported regarding several aspects of vaccinia virus (VV) entry. To address this, we used a beta-galactosidase reporter virus to monitor virus entry into multiple cell types under varying conditions. Entry into HeLa, B78H1 and L cells was strongly inhibited by heparin whereas entry into Vero and BSC-1 cells was unaffected. Bafilomycin also exhibited variable and cell-type-specific effects on VV entry. Entry into B78H1 and BSC-1 cells was strongly inhibited by bafilomycin whereas entry into Vero and HeLa cells was only partially inhibited suggesting the co-existence of both pH-dependent and pH-independent VV entry pathways in these cell types. Finally, entry into HeLa, B78H1, L and BSC-1 cells exhibited a lag of 6-9 min whereas this delay was undetectable in Vero cells. Our results suggest that VV exploits multiple cell attachment and entry pathways allowing it to infect a broad range of cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. whitbeck@biochem.dental.upenn.edu
authors.forename: J Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Chwan-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponce de Leon
authors.forename: Roselyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D053585:Virus Attachment; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D053586:Virus Internalization; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D006493:Heparin; D001616:beta-Galactosidase