title: Expression of the class I interferon-related MxA protein in temporal arteries in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the expression of the interferon type I (IFN-I)-associated MxA protein in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-inflamed temporal artery biopsies from 11 PMR patients were compared with biopsies from 13 patients given other diagnoses. Coded sections were screened immunocytochemically for MxA protein, CD83, CD68, CD3, and S100 protein. Inflamed temporal artery biopsies from four patients with TA were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focal MxA expression was seen in non-inflamed arteries, more frequently in PMR than in controls (p = 0.0124). MxA expression was also more common in adventitial dendritic cells (DCs) in PMR (p = 0.0124). Activated adventitial DCs were detected in PMR. Focal MxA expression in the inflamed biopsies from the patients with TA was not related spatially to the inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of MxA protein in arteries from patients with PMR and TA shows that non-inflamed and inflamed vessel walls are influenced by IFN-I. Further studies are required to elucidate whether IFN-I plays a role in the initiation of PMR and/or TA, serving as a link between the innate and the adaptive immune responses, as in some other autoimmune disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Göteborg, Sweden. claes.nordborg@vgregion.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordborg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nordborg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008297:Male; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007370:Interferon Type I; C579071:MX1 protein, human; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins