title: Prevalence of spinocerebellar degenerations in the Hokuriku district in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of disease subtypes of spinocerebellar degenerations (SCDs) varies between countries, and even between areas within a country. We report unprecedented epidemiologic data on SCDs in the Hokuriku district, which is located in the central, western part of Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and genetic data on SCD patients were obtained via questionnaires distributed to all the departments of neurology, psychiatry and internal medicine in the Hokuriku district (n = 418).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the SCD patients, autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) were noted in 40.4%, multiple system atrophy in 24.7%, cortical cerebellar atrophy in 13.3% and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia in 0.3%. Genetically confirmed ADCA patients included those with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3; 63.3%), SCA6 (20.0%), ADCA linked to chromosome 16q22.1 (10.0%), dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (4.4%), SCA1 (1.1%) and SCA2 (1.1%). MJD/SCA3 was highly prevalent in the Toyama prefecture of the Hokuriku district, accounting for 90% of genetically confirmed ADCAs by birthplace; MJD/SCA3 patients were concentrated in the Gosei area, the western part of the Toyama prefecture, giving an estimated prevalence of 19.1 per 100,000 inhabitants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Hokuriku district, especially the Gosei area of Toyama, had a surprisingly high relative frequency and prevalence of MJD/SCA3, which is comparable to that in the Azores, Portugal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. ashibata@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata-Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires