title: Exploring functional candidate genes for genetic association in german patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a generalized elastic microfibrillopathy characterized by fibrillar deposits in intra- and extraocular tissues. Genetic and nongenetic factors are known to be involved in its etiopathogenesis. This study was focused on six functional candidate genes involved in PEX material deposition and the analysis of their potential association with PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma (PEXG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capturing >95% of overall genetic variance observed in Europeans at loci for FBN1, LTBP2, MFAP2, TGM2, TGF-b1, and CLU were genotyped in 333 unrelated PEX-affected and 342 healthy individuals of German origin, and a genetic association study was performed. To replicate the findings, two SNPs of the CLU gene were genotyped in a further 328 unrelated German patients with PEX as well as in 209 Italian patients with PEX and 190 Italian control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Association with PEX was observed only for the SNP rs2279590 in intron 8 of the CLU gene coding for clusterin (corrected P = 0.0347, OR = 1.34) in our first German cohort. Likewise, a frequent haplotype encompassing the associated risk allele showed nominally significant association. None of remaining SNPs or SNP haplotypes were associated with PEX. The association found was confirmed in a second German cohort (P = 0.0244) but not in the Italian cohort (P = 0.7173). In addition, the association with CLU SNP rs2279590 was more significant in German patients with PEX syndrome than in those with PEXG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variants in the gene encoding clusterin may represent a risk factor for PEX in German patients but not in Italian patients. Variants in FBN1, LTBP2, MFAP2, TGF-b1, and TGM2 do not play a major role in the etiology of PEX syndrome, at least in German patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krumbiegel
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasutto
authors.forename: Christian Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Mardin
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weisschuh
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paoli
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gramer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenkel
authors.forename: Bernhard H F
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Friedrich E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schlötzer-Schrehardt
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051152:Clusterin / Q000235:genetics; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071837:Fibrillins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000208:ethnology; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D054392:Adipokines
chemical_list: D051152:Clusterin; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071837:Fibrillins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D011503:Transglutaminases; C495242:CLU protein, human; C000605722:FBN1 protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; C509035:LTBP2 protein, human; C000717608:TGM2 protein, human; C016598:microfibrillar protein