title: The degradation of (all-E)-beta-carotene by cigarette smoke.
abstract: The effects of cigarette smoke in promoting the degradation of (all-E)-beta-carotene have been studied, but some conflicting results promoted a further study. beta-Carotene was solubilized in hexane and challenged with filtered cigarette smoke both at room temperature and at -20 degrees C. The products arising from smoke-induced oxidation were assessed using a combination of HLPC-DAD, LC-MS and GC-MS. At room temperature the degradation of beta-carotene was very rapid, with only a few products being detected using HPLC-DAD. A range of volatile products including beta-ionone, beta-cyclocitral and 5,6-epoxy-beta-ionone were detected using GC-MS. In contrast, when the reaction was slowed (by reducing the reaction temperature), a much wider range of products could be detected by HPLC-DAD, including 4-nitro-beta-carotene and several of its geometric isomers. These degradation products suggest that the C4 position on the beta-carotene end-group plays a key role in initiating free radical attack.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool John Moores University, UK. g.m.lowe@ljmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gordon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vlismas
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carail
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caris-Veyrat
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012906:Smoke; D012996:Solutions; D014026:Nicotiana; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D006586:Hexanes; D016877:Oxidants; D012906:Smoke; D012996:Solutions; D019207:beta Carotene