title: Dairy intake and anthropometric measures of body fat among children and adolescents in NHANES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relation between dairy intake and body fat among children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (5-11 years) and adolescents (12-16 years) were included who had data on diet, anthropometry measures of body fat, and relevant potential confounders (children: n = 3,864 and 2,231; adolescents: n = 1,884 and 2,636 in NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2002, respectively). Each child's daily dairy intake from 24-hour recalls was classified as low, moderate or high. For girls and boys, respectively: low intake: <1 and <2 servings; moderate intake: 1-<3 and 2-<4 servings; and high intake: >or=3 and >or=4 servings per day.) Analysis of covariance was used to control for potential confounding by age, gender, socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, height and television watching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among children, there was no consistent association between dairy intake and anthropometric indices of body fat. Among adolescents, the lowest dairy intake group (< one serving per day for girls and < two per day for boys) had higher estimated levels of body fat than those in the highest dairy group. Compared with the lowest intake level, adolescent girls in NHANES III who consumed 1-<3 servings per day of dairy had about 2.5 mm less subcutaneous body fat (95% CI: -4.70 mm, -0.39 mm) while girls consuming three or more servings had about 5 mm less fat in their sum of two skinfolds. Adolescent boys consuming 4 or more servings of dairy per day had lower anthropometry levels than did those consuming less than two servings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among adolescents, suboptimal dairy intake was associated with higher anthropometric measures of body fat.
authors.affiliation: Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Harrison Court, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. llmoore@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Lynn L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: M Loring
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bradlee
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D015930:Diet Records; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary