title: Glucose as a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research suggests that glucose levels in cancer patients may be an important prognostic indicator. In ovarian tumors, increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a transmembrane protein responsible for glucose uptake, is related to shorter survival time in ovarian cancer patients. This study tested the hypothesis that higher presurgical glucose levels predict shorter disease-specific survival time and time to recurrence in ovarian cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonfasting plasma glucose levels were determined for 74 patients with ovarian cancer at the time of their presurgical consultation and for 125 ovarian cancer patients in an independent validation set. Survival time and time to recurrence (disease-free interval [DFI]) were ascertained from medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for survival time and DFI in relation to glucose level, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), stage, grade, and cytoreduction as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times in univariate analyses (HR, 1.88; P = .05). Multivariate analysis adjusting for stage showed that higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times (HR, 2.01; P = .04) and DFI (HR, 2.32; P = .05). In the validation set, higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times (HR, 2.01; P = .02) and DFI (HR, 2.48; P = .001) in univariate analysis, although glucose was not independent of the effect of cytoreduction when predicting survival time in this latter set.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings contribute to mounting evidence that glucose levels have prognostic value in ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52252, USA.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lamkin
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Mian M K
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lenihan
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Degeest
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lubaroff
authors.forename: Eileen H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lutgendorf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose