title: Risk of cardiovascular events in mothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular events in an older population of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We took advantage of the high heritability of PCOS and determined the probable PCOS status of mothers of women with PCOS. The prevalence of cardiovascular events was then determined in these mothers with and without PCOS. In a single endocrine clinic, 308 women with PCOS were interviewed about their mothers' medical history, and the mothers themselves were interviewed if available. The interview addressed menstrual history, fertility, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, age at incident cardiovascular event, and age at death as reported by daughters. Presence of PCOS in the mothers was defined as a history of infertility, irregular menses, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. A cardiovascular event was defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, any coronary intervention, angina necessitating emergency department visits, or a cerebrovascular event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mothers were predominantly post-menopausal. Among 182 interviewed (n = 157) or deceased (n = 25) mothers, 59 had probable PCOS. Cardiovascular events were more common (P = .011) among mothers with PCOS (11 of 59 or 18.6%) than among non-PCOS mothers (5 of 123 or 4.1%). After adjustments were made for age and race, probable PCOS was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 5.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 16.40). Cardiovascular events occurred at an early age in mothers of women with PCOS, particularly mothers with probable PCOS themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCOS-affected mothers of women with PCOS have a higher risk for cardiovascular events in comparison with non-PCOS mothers, and cardiovascular events appear to occur at an earlier than expected age in mothers with PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0111, USA.
authors.forename: Kai I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cheang
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Futterweit
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors