title: Obstetric fistula: living with incontinence and shame.
abstract: Over 2 million women worldwide have an obstetric fistula, with the majority of cases occurring in resource-poor countries. Afflicted women tend to be young, primiparous, impoverished, and have little or no access to medical care. Incontinent of urine and/or stool, these women become ostracized and shunned by their community. Most obstetric fistulas are surgically correctible, although surgical outcomes have been poorly studied. Programs that improve nutrition, delay the age of marriage, improve family planning, and increase access to maternal and obstetric care are necessary to prevent obstetric fistula.
authors.forename: Luwam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Semere
authors.forename: Nawal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nour