title: The diagnostic protocol in children and adolescents with syncope: a multi-centre prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The appropriate diagnostic protocol for children with syncope has not been well established. A diagnostic protocol was developed and prospectively implemented to improve the diagnostic performance of paediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 474 consecutive patients (range 6-17 years) presenting with a syncopal spell in one of the five participating hospitals of China. In step 1, all patients underwent initial evaluation for history, physical examination, standing test and standard electrocardiography (ECG). In step 2, priority was given to cardiographic tests for possibly cardiogenic syncope, or electroencephalographic examination and brain imaging for suspected neurological syncope, or psychiatric tests for suspected psychiatric syncope. Patients with unexplained syncope underwent head-up tilt testing (HUT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial evaluation gave a definite diagnosis in 59 (12.4%) and possible diagnosis in 54 of the 474 patients. Further testing gave a definite diagnosis for 326 patients (69.7%). After the entire diagnostic protocol, definite diagnosis was established in 385 patients (81.1%). Autonomic-mediated reflex syncope (AMS) accounted for 73.0% of cases. The average cost of diagnostic results per patient was RMB 1030.24 +/- 150.09 ($118.42 +/- 17.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a simplified diagnostic protocol for children and adolescents with syncope improves diagnostic yield.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junbao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chaoshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology