title: Modulation of dendritic cells using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) delays type 1 diabetes by enhancing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function.
abstract: Abnormalities in DC function are implicated in defective immune regulation that leads to type-1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice and humans. In this study, we used GM-CSF and Flt3-L to modulate DC function in NOD mice and observed the effects on T1D development. Treatment with either ligand at earlier stages of insulitis suppressed the development of T1D. Unlike Flt3-L, GM-CSF was more effective in suppressing T1D, even when administered at later stages of insulitis. In vitro studies and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD4+CD25+ T cells from GM-CSF-treated mice could suppress effector T cell response and T1D. This suppression is likely mediated through enhanced IL-10 and TGF-beta1 production. Adoptive transfer of GM-CSF exposed DCs to naive mice resulted in an expansion of Foxp3+ T cells and a significant delay in T1D onset. Our results indicate that GM-CSF acted primarily on DCs and caused an expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs which delayed the onset of T1D in NOD mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology (MC790), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheatem
authors.forename: Balaji B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Eryn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gangi
authors.forename: Chenthamarakshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vasu
authors.forename: Bellur S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor