title: Objective grading of facial paralysis using Local Binary Patterns in video processing.
abstract: This paper presents a novel framework for objective measurement of facial paralysis in biomedial videos. The motion information in the horizontal and vertical directions and the appearance features on the apex frames are extracted based on the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) on the temporal-spatial domain in each facial region. These features are temporally and spatially enhanced by the application of block schemes. A multi-resolution extension of uniform LBP is proposed to efficiently combine the micro-patterns and large-scale patterns into a feature vector, which increases the algorithmic robustness and reduces noise effects while still retaining computational simplicity. The symmetry of facial movements is measured by the Resistor-Average Distance (RAD) between LBP features extracted from the two sides of the face. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to provide quantitative evaluation of facial paralysis based on the House-Brackmann (H-B) Scale. The proposed method is validated by experiments with 197 subject videos, which demonstrates its accuracy and efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic&Electrical Engineering at the University of Strathclyde, UK. shu.he@eee.strath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Soraghan
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D005149:Facial Expression; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*