title: Mapatumumab and lexatumumab induce apoptosis in TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 antibody-resistant NSCLC cell lines when treated in combination with bortezomib.
abstract: Mapatumumab and lexatumumab are fully human monoclonal antibodies that bind and activate human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors 1 and 2, respectively. These antibodies induce apoptosis in various tumor cell types, although the degree of sensitivity can vary from highly sensitive to completely resistant. Importantly, tumor cells that are partially or completely resistant to mapatumumab or lexatumumab can often be sensitized when treated in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. In this regard, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has recently shown synergistic activity against established lymphoma cell lines and primary lymphomas when combined with mapatumumab and lexatumumab. Here, we report similar findings using a panel of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Specifically, we show that bortezomib rapidly induces sensitivity to mapatumumab and lexatumumab in NSCLC cell lines that are completely resistant to antibody alone and that bortezomib concentrations as low as 25 nmol/L sensitize NSCLC cells to the antibodies. Furthermore, bortezomib at the tested concentration has minimal effect on its own, indicating the combination generates synergistic cytotoxicity. Combination treatment induces activation of the caspase cascade and the effect of the combination is caspase dependent. Bortezomib treatment increases the intracellular levels of several important apoptosis regulators that may mediate enhanced sensitivity to mapatumumab and lexatumumab. These results suggest future evaluation of mapatumumab or lexatumumab in combination with bortezomib is warranted in NSCLC patients.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Research Department, Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Troy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carrell
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Humphreys
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053418:Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D053418:Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D011719:Pyrazines; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D000069286:Bortezomib; C510234:lexatumumab; D020169:Caspases; C507357:mapatumumab