title: Metabolic syndrome in rheumatological diseases.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of various cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia) that imply additional cardiovascular morbidity that is greater than the sum of the risks associated with each individual component. Herein, the authors review the rheumatological diseases in which metabolic syndrome has been studied: gout, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these disorders varies from 14% to 62.8%. The great majority of these studies demonstrated that this frequency was higher in rheumatological diseases than in the control populations, suggesting that either the presence or the treatment of those diseases seems to influence the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. rosamariarp@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rosa Maria Rodrigues
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Jozélio Freire
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Eloísa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfá
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D050171:Dyslipidemias; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology