title: Modelling phytoremediation by the hyperaccumulating fern, Pteris vittata, of soils historically contaminated with arsenic.
abstract: Pteris vittata plants were grown on twenty-one UK soils contaminated with arsenic (As) from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic concentration was measured in fern fronds, soil and soil pore water collected with Rhizon samplers. Isotopically exchangeable soil arsenate was determined by equilibration with (73)As(V). Removal of As from the 21 soils by three sequential crops of P. vittata ranged between 0.1 and 13% of total soil As. Ferns grown on a soil subjected to long-term sewage sludge application showed reduced uptake of As because of high available phosphate concentrations. A combined solubility-uptake model was parameterised to enable prediction of phytoremediation success from estimates of soil As, 'As-lability' and soil pH. The model was used to demonstrate the remediation potential of P. vittata under different soil conditions and with contrasting assumptions regarding re-supply of the labile As pool from unavailable forms.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shelmerdine
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Steve P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008954:Models, Biological; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D032495:Pteris / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D006113:United Kingdom; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic