title: Impaired inhibitory control is associated with higher-order repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairments in executive cognitive control, including a reduced ability to inhibit prepotent responses, have been reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These deficits may underlie patterns of repetitive behaviors associated with the disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen individuals with ASD and 15 age- and IQ-matched healthy individuals performed an antisaccade task and a visually guided saccade control task, each with gap and overlap conditions. Measures of repetitive behaviors were obtained using the Autism Diagnostic Inventory-Revised (ADI-R) and examined in relation to neurocognitive task performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with an ASD showed increased rates of prosaccade errors (failures to inhibit prepotent responses) on the antisaccade task regardless of task condition (gap/overlap). Prosaccade error rates were associated with the level of higher-order (e.g. compulsions, preoccupations) but not sensorimotor repetitive behaviors in ASD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurocognitive disturbances in voluntary behavioral control suggest that alterations in frontostriatal systems contribute to higher-order repetitive behaviors in ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidenfeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guter
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult