title: Defining a strategy to evaluate cervical cancer prevention and early detection in the era of HPV vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to outline the short-, medium- and long-term requirements of a strategy to evaluate the impact of HPV immunization and to define a framework to facilitate planning and evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This strategy was developed in Ontario from January to August 2008. Literature review was completed to assess existing material relevant to vaccine evaluation, and HPV vaccine specifically. Scientists and epidemiologists within our organization attended meetings to brainstorm and identify key requirements for vaccine evaluation. Other selected internal and external experts were consulted to review preliminary lists of potential indicators and questions for inclusion in an evaluation strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results are reported in three sections--literature review, proposed evaluation framework and data requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first vaccine evaluation strategy that integrates primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer is presented. Among women who are neither screened nor immunized, customized interventions will be required to ensure that they are aware of potential risks and benefits. This evaluation strategy may serve as a useful outline for jurisdictions in Canada and elsewhere. This new paradigm of combined primary and secondary intervention will encourage cooperation for effective evaluation of an integrated approach for control of cervical cancer and other HPV-related disease.
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Screening, Cancer Care Ontario, 505 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. robbi.howlett@cancercare.on.ca
authors.forename: Roberta I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Howlett
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasut
authors.forename: Verna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000276:immunology; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011322:Primary Prevention; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines