title: In vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma effects of ciglitazone.
abstract: Activation of PPARgamma by synthetic ligands, thiazolidinediones, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. In this report, focusing our attention on ciglitazone, we show that ciglitazone inhibits melanoma growth by inducing apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, whereas normal melanocytes are resistant to ciglitazone. In melanoma cells, ciglitazone-induced apoptosis is associated with caspase activations and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Induction of cell-cycle arrest by ciglitazone is associated with changes in expression of key cell-cycle regulators such as p21, cyclin D1, and pRB hypophosphorylation. Cell-cycle arrest occurs at low ciglitazone concentrations and through a PPARgamma-dependent pathway, whereas the induction of apoptosis is caused by higher ciglitazone concentrations and independently of PPARgamma. These results allow an effective molecular dissociation between proapoptotic effects and growth inhibition evoked by ciglitazone in melanoma cells. Finally, we show that in vivo treatment of nude mice by ciglitazone dramatically inhibits human melanoma xenograft development. The data presented suggest that ciglitazone might be a better candidate for clinical trials in melanoma treatment than the thiazolidinediones currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, such as rosiglitazone, which is devoid of a proapoptotic PPARgamma-independent function.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U895, Biologie et Pathologie des Cellules Mélanocytaires: de la Pigmentation Cutanée au Mélanome, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Botton
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puissant
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bahadoran
authors.forename: Jean-Sebastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Annicotte
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fajas
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ortonne
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gozzerino
authors.forename: Thamilla
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zamoum
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tartare-Deckert
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ballotti
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rocchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C039671:ciglitazone