title: Combined hyperlipidemia in relation to race/ethnicity, obesity, and insulin resistance in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: We have asked whether the prevalence of combined hyperlipidemia (CHL) differs by race/ethnicity, obesity, and insulin resistance in a contemporary, multiethnic, US cohort. We determined the prevalence and adjusted odds of CHL in a cohort of 5923 men and women free of clinically recognized cardiovascular disease and diabetes according to race/ethnicity (white, Chinese, African American, and Hispanic), obesity, and insulin resistance. Untreated lipid values were imputed for those on lipid-lowering therapy. Combined hyperlipidemia was defined using age- and sex-specific greater than or equal to 75th percentile cut points for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides obtained from a predominantly white North American population study. Compared with whites, adjusted odds ratios for CHL were 0.48 in African Americans (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.75), 1.33 in Hispanics (95% CI, 0.93-1.91), and 1.06 in Asians (95% CI, 0.62-1.82). Within the entire population, the adjusted odds of CHL were over 2-fold higher in overweight and obese participants compared with normal-weight participants and more than 4-fold higher in quartiles 2 through 4 of insulin resistance compared with quartile 1. African Americans had lower odds for CHL than whites despite higher body mass index and abdominal adiposity. Hispanics had a nonsignificantly higher trend, and Asians had no significantly different odds than whites. Modest increases in weight and insulin resistance were associated with significantly higher odds of CHL in a multiethnic US population. Further research is needed to determine the most efficacious diet, exercise, and drug management to decrease the risk of CHL and coronary heart disease among racial/ethnic groups in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. nmbob@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Pathmaja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paramsothy
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: Alain G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rue
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heckbert
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006950:Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data