title: Long-term results for children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated on a randomized trial of myeloablative therapy followed by 13-cis-retinoic acid: a children's oncology group study.
abstract: PURPOSE We assessed the long-term outcome of patients enrolled on CCG-3891, a high-risk neuroblastoma study in which patients were randomly assigned to undergo autologous purged bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) or to receive chemotherapy, and subsequent treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid (cis-RA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received the same induction chemotherapy, with random assignment (N = 379) to consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy, total-body irradiation, and ABMT versus three cycles of intensive chemotherapy. Patients who completed consolidation without disease progression were randomly assigned to receive no further therapy or cis-RA for 6 months. Results The event-free survival (EFS) for patients randomly assigned to ABMT was significantly higher than those randomly assigned to chemotherapy; the 5-year EFS (mean +/- SE) was 30% +/- 4% versus 19% +/- 3%, respectively (P = .04). The 5-year EFS (42% +/- 5% v 31% +/- 5%) from the time of second random assignment was higher for cis-RA than for no further therapy, though it was not significant. Overall survival (OS) was significantly higher for each random assignment by a test of the log(-log(.)) transformation of the survival estimates at 5 years (P < .01). The 5-year OS from the second random assignment of patients who underwent both random assignments and who were assigned to ABMT/cis-RA was 59% +/- 8%; for ABMT/no cis-RA, it was 41% +/- 8% [corrected]; for continuing chemotherapy/cis-RA, it was 38% +/- 7%; and for chemotherapy/no cis-RA, it was 36% +/- 7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myeloablative therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue result in significantly better 5-year EFS than nonmyeloablative chemo therapy; neither myeloablative therapy with [corrected] autologous hematopoietic cell rescue nor cis-RA given after consolidation therapy significantly improved OS.
authors.affiliation: University of California School of Medicine, 505 Parnassus Ave, Room M647, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0106, USA. matthayk@peds.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Katherine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Matthay
authors.forename: C Patrick
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: E Stanton
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haas-Kogan
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gerbing
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Judith G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Villablanca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D015474:Isotretinoin