title: Association of environmental tobacco smoking exposure with an increased risk of hospital admissions for pneumonia in children under 5 years of age in Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and childhood pneumonia has not been established in developed or developing countries. A study was conducted to assess the effect and impact of ETS exposure on pneumonia among children in central Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted covering all residents of 33 communes in Khanh Hoa Province, the central part of Vietnam. Information on demographics, socioeconomic status and house environment, including smoking status of each household member, was collected from householders. Hospital admissions for pneumonia among children aged <5 years in each household in the previous 12 months were recorded based on caregiver's report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 353 525 individuals living in 75 828 households were identified in the study areas. Of these, 24 781 (7.0%) were aged <5 years. The prevalence of ETS was 70.5% and the period prevalence of hospital admissions for pneumonia was 2.6%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to ETS was independently associated with hospital admissions for pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.92). The prevalence of tobacco smoking was higher among men than women (51.5% vs 1.5%). It is estimated that 28.7% of childhood pneumonia in this community is attributable to ETS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children in Vietnam are exposed to substantial levels of ETS which results in 44 000 excess hospital admissions due to pneumonia each year among children aged <5 years.
authors.affiliation: Center for International Collaborative Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Thiem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: L-M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tho
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Anh
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution