title: Impact of genotyping errors on the type I error rate and the power of haplotype-based association methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the influence of genotyping errors on the type I error rate and empirical power of two haplotype based association methods applied to candidate regions. We compared the performance of the Mantel Statistic Using Haplotype Sharing and the haplotype frequency based score test with that of the Armitage trend test.Our study is based on 1000 replication of simulated case-control data settings with 500 cases and 500 controls, respectively. One of the examined markers was set to be the disease locus with a simulated odds ratio of 3. Differential and non-differential genotyping errors were introduced following a misclassification model with varying mean error rates per locus in the range of 0.2% to 15.6%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the type I error rate of all three test statistics hold the nominal significance level in the presence of non-differential genotyping errors and low error rates. For high and differential error rates, the type I error rate of all three test statistics was inflated, even when genetic markers not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were removed. The empirical power of all three association test statistics remained high at around 89% to 94% when genotyping error rates were low, but decreased to 48% to 80% for high and non-differential genotyping error rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently realistic genotyping error rates for candidate gene analysis (mean error rate per locus of 0.2%) pose no significant problem for the type I error rate as well as the power of all three investigated test statistics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. vivienrothe@gmx.de
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marquard
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Iris M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Heid
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamina
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang-Claude
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers