title: Effects of ageing and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on connexin43 and P2 purinoceptor expression in the rat corpora cavernosa and urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether ageing and diabetes alter the expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and of particular purinoceptor (P2R) subtypes in the corpus cavernosum and urinary bladder, and determine whether changes in expression of these proteins correlate with development of erectile and bladder dysfunction in diabetic and ageing rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Erectile and bladder function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, insulin-treated and age-matched control Fischer-344 rats were evaluated 2, 4 and 8 months after diabetes induction by in vivo cystometry and cavernosometry. Corporal and bladder tissue were then isolated at each of these sample times and protein expression levels of Cx43 and of various P2R subtypes were determined by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the corpora of control rats ageing was accompanied by a significant decrease in Cx43 and P2X(1)R, and increase in P2X(7)R expression. There was decreased Cx43 and increased P2Y(4)R expression in the ageing control rat bladder. There was a significant negative correlation between erectile capacity and P2X(1)R expression levels, and a positive correlation between bladder spontaneous activity and P2Y(4)R expression levels. There was already development of erectile dysfunction and bladder overactivity at 2 months after inducing diabetes, the earliest sample measured in the study. The development of these urogenital complications was accompanied by significant decreases in Cx43, P2Y(2)R, P2X(4)R and increase in P2X(1)R expression in the corpora, and by a doubling in Cx43 and P2Y(2)R, and significant increase in P2Y(4)R expression in the bladder. Changes in Cx43 and P2R expression were largely prevented by insulin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ageing and diabetes mellitus markedly altered the expression of the gap junction protein Cx43 and of particular P2R subtypes in the rat penile corpora and urinary bladder. These changes in Cx43 and P2R expression provide the molecular substrate for altered gap junction and purinergic signalling in these tissues, and thus probably contribute to the early development of erectile dysfunction and higher detrusor activity in ageing and in diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. suadican@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Sylvia O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Suadicani
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urban-Maldonado
authors.forename: Moses T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tar
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melman
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Spray
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2