title: SOAR and the polybasic STIM1 domains gate and regulate Orai channels.
abstract: Influx of Ca(2+) through store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs) is a central component of receptor-evoked Ca(2+) signals. Orai channels are SOCs that are gated by STIM1, a Ca(2+) sensor located in the ER but how it gates and regulates the Orai channels is unknown. Here, we report the molecular basis for gating of Orais by STIM1. All Orai channels are fully activated by the conserved STIM1 amino acid fragment 344-442, which we termed SOAR (the STIM1 Orai activating region). SOAR acts in combination with STIM1 (450-485) to regulate the strength of interaction with Orai1. Activation of Orai1 by SOAR recapitulates all the kinetic properties of Orai1 activation by STIM1. However, mutations of STIM1 within SOAR prevent activation of Orai1 but not co-clustering of STIM1 and Orai1 in response to Ca(2+) store depletion, indicating that STIM1-Orai1 co-clustering is not sufficient for Orai1 activation. An intact carboxy terminus alpha-helicial region of Orai is required for activation by SOAR. Deleting most of the Orai1 amino terminus impaired Orai1 activation by STIM1, but Orai1(Delta1-73) interacted with and was fully activated by SOAR. Accordingly, the characteristic inward rectification of Orai is mediated by an interaction between the polybasic STIM1 (672-685) and a Pro-rich region in the N terminus of Orai1. Hence, the essential properties of Orai1 function can be rationalized by interactions with discrete regions of STIM1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dorwart
authors.forename: Young-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muallem
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein; C510746:ORAI1 protein, human; C103530:STIM1 protein, human; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D011392:Proline; D008239:Lysine