title: FTO genotype is associated with body mass index after the age of seven years but not with energy intake or leisure-time physical activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A common variant in the FTO gene, rs9939609, associates with body mass index (BMI) in adults and in children aged 7 yr or older.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine the associations of the FTO genotype with BMI, cardiovascular risk factors, energy intake, and leisure-time physical activity in children followed up since infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy participants of the STRIP Study, genotyped for rs9939609, were followed from age 7 months (n = 640) to 15 yr (n = 438). The children were randomly assigned to lifestyle intervention and control groups. Height, weight, blood pressure, and serum lipids were measured annually. Food records and physical activity index were obtained at age 15 yr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FTO genotype did not associate with BMI in children younger than 7 yr of age. From age 7 yr onward, the children homozygous for the A allele had progressively higher BMI than the children with one or two T alleles (P = 0.029 for FTO by age interaction). Furthermore, in longitudinal, BMI Z-score-adjusted analysis, the AA genotype associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and with elevated serum total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P = 0.05, and P = 0.04 for main effect, respectively). The FTO genotype did not associate with energy intake or physical activity index at age 15. The FTO *Study group interactions were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the effect of the FTO genotype on BMI becomes evident only after age 7 yr. These results further suggest that the FTO gene is not directly associated with energy intake or physical activity.
authors.affiliation: The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. maarit.hakanen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakanen
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pahkala
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sillanmäki
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lagström
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human