title: Predictors of successful early extubation following congenital cardiac surgery in neonates and infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of literature discussing the predictive likelihood of successfully extubating neonates and infants in the operating room immediately following congenital cardiac surgery. Given the unknown consequences of anaesthetics on neurodevelopmental outcomes, minimising the exposure of this population to such agents may have long-term benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 391 patients less than 1 year of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of successfully extubating these patients was based on quantifiable, objective criteria. The relevant variables include age, weight, bypass time, lactate level and specific congenital anomaly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practice of immediate extubation of infants and neonates is achievable, safe and predicted based on specific patient variables. This practice will minimise the anaesthetic exposure of these especially young patients who may be at risk for long-term consequences related to anaesthetic exposure.
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Peter.Winch@Nationwidechildrens.org
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Winch
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spanos
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olshove
authors.forename: Aymen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naguib
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000758:Anesthesia; D001835:Body Weight; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome