title: [Proprioception of the knee joint in patellofemoral pain syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The importance of proprioception in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of sports injuries and joint diseases has become increasingly clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate knee proprioception in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 28 patients (18 females, 10 males; mean age 28 years; range 16 to 48 years) with a clinical diagnosis of unilateral PFPS and 27 normal volunteers (13 females, 14 males; mean age 26 years; range 19 to 32 years) without any complaint related to the knee. The mean duration of complaints was 35.8 weeks (range 2 weeks to 3 years). In both patient and control groups, proprioception of the knee was measured by means of active joint position sense at four different target angles (15 degrees , 30 degrees , 45 degrees , 60 degrees ) with the use of a digital goniometer and the results were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proprioceptive errors were greater at all target angles in the affected knees compared to those measured in the contralateral knees and both knees of the controls. Differences between affected knees and contralateral knees ranged from 1.01+/-0.25 degrees to 1.65+/-0.43 degrees and were significant at three target angles (15 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees ; p<0.05). Comparisons between the affected knees and both knees of the controls also showed significant differences at all target angles ranging from 2.48+/-0.92 degrees to 3.87+/-2.46 degrees (p<0.001). Errors obtained in the normal knees of the patients were also significantly greater compared to those seen in both knees of the controls, exceeding 2.7 degrees at some target angles (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that patients with PFPS have impaired proprioception in the affected knee accompanied by significant losses in the proprioception of the contralateral normal knee. Based on these findings, proprioceptive rehabilitation techniques should be incorporated into the treatment of PFPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali), Medicine Faculty of Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. akseki3@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Devrim
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akseki
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erduran
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010329:Patella / Q000503:physiopathology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult