title: Effects of Bothrops asper snake venom on the expression of cyclooxygenases and production of prostaglandins by peritoneal leukocytes in vivo, and by isolated neutrophils and macrophages in vitro.
abstract: In this study, the ability of Bothrops asper snake venom (BaV) to increase the production of prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGD(2) was assessed in a mouse model in vivo and in inflammatory cells in vitro. In addition, the expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 were assessed. BaV induced an increment in the in vivo synthesis of PGE(2) and PGD(2), together with an enhanced expression of COX-2, but not of COX-1. However, enzymatic activities of COX-1 and COX-2 were increased. Incubation of isolated macrophages and neutrophils with a sub-cytotoxic concentration of BaV in vitro resulted in increased release of PGE(2) and PGD(2) by macrophages and PGE(2) by neutrophils, concomitantly with an increment in the expression of COX-2, but not of COX-1 by both cell types. Our results demonstrate the ability of BaV to promote the expression of COX-2 and to induce the synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins. Macrophages and neutrophils may be important targets for this venom under in vivo situation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Rafaela Bacci
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Stella Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zamunér
authors.forename: Catarina de Fátima Pereira
authors.initials: Cde F
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D055162:Biocatalysis; D017837:Bothrops; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2