title: Fetal biometry: a comparison between experienced sonographers and automated measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the performance between sonographers and automated fetal biometry measurements (Auto OB) with respect to the following measurements: biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL).
  
  
  METHODS
  The first set of experiments involved assessing the performance of Auto OB relative to the five sonographers, using 240 images for each user. Each sonographer made measurements in 80 images per anatomy. The second set of experiments compared the performance of Auto OB with respect to the data generated by the five sonographers for inter-observer variability (i.e., sonographers and clinicians) using a set of 10 images per anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Auto OB correlated well with manual measurements for BPD, HC, AC and FL (r > 0.98, p < 0.001 for all measurements). The errors produced by Auto OB for BPD is 1.46% (sigma = 1.74%), where sigma denotes standard deviation), for HC is 1.25% (sigma = 1.34%), for AC is 3% (sigma = 6.16%) and for FL is 3.52% (sigma = 3.72%). In general, these errors represent deviations of less than 3 days for fetuses younger than 30 weeks, and less than 7 days for fetuses between 30 and 40 weeks of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements produced by Auto OB are comparable to the measurements done by sonographers.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN and Women's Health, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. Ivica@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Ivica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zalud
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Georgescu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Lorry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahrestani
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015588:Observer Variation; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological; D011247:Pregnancy; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data