title: Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: the study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate (CS) on the radiographic progression of, and symptom changes associated with, knee osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 622 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg CS (n = 309 patients) or placebo (n = 313 patients) once daily for 2 years. Radiographs of the target knee, using the Lyon schuss view, were obtained at the time of enrollment and at 12, 18, and 24 months. The minimum joint space width (JSW) of the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint was assessed by digital image analysis. The primary outcome was the loss in minimum JSW over 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in minimum JSW loss in the CS group (mean +/- SEM -0.07 +/- 0.03 mm) as compared with the placebo group (-0.31 +/- 0.04 mm). The percentage of patients with radiographic progression > or =0.25 mm was significantly reduced in the CS group compared with the placebo group (28% versus 41% [P < 0.0005]; relative risk reduction 33% [95% confidence interval 16-46%]). The number of patients needed to treat was 8 (95% confidence interval 5-17). Pain improved significantly faster in the CS group than in the placebo group (P < 0.01). There were no differences in safety between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term combined structure-modifying and symptom-modifying effects of CS suggest that it could be a disease-modifying agent in patients with knee OA.
authors.affiliation: University of Paris Descartes, and Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. andre.kahan@cch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uebelhart
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Vathaire
authors.forename: Pierre D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Reginster
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates