title: Effect of embryonic fibroblast cell co-culture on development of mouse embryos following exposure to visible light.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of visible light on development of mouse embryos and the potential of fibroblast cells to overcome deleterious effects of visible light on mouse preimplantation stage embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-cell mouse embryos were randomly allocated to un-exposed group (control) and exposed group receiving 1600 lx visible light for various time lengths. Both exposed and un-exposed embryos were co-cultured with either Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) or Human Embryonic Fibroblast (HEF). Developmental rate of embryos at day 3 (morula), 4 (expanded blastocyst) and 5 (hatching or hatched blastocyst) was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of embryos to visible light for 30 min decreased developmental rate significantly (P<0.01). Developmental rate of exposed embryos co-cultured with MEF (58%; p<0.05 both at day 4 and 5) and HEF (67%; P<0.01 both at day 4 and 5) was higher than control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visible light adversely affects embryo development in a time-dependent manner. Feeder cells may enhance embryo development particularly when suboptimal conditions are involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, 22 Bahman BLVD., Kerman, Iran. nnematollahi@kmu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Seyed Noureddin
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nematollahi-mahani
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pahang
authors.forename: Ghazaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moshkdanian
authors.forename: Amirmehdi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nematollahi-mahani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009028:Morula / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors