title: Intravitreal administration of the anti-tumor necrosis factor agent infliximab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our preliminary experience on intravitreal administration of an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, noncomparative series of 3 patients previously treated with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two intravitreal injections of 0.05 ml containing infliximab were administered in the first (1 and 2 mg, 2 months apart), second (2 mg each, 2 months apart), and third patient (2 mg each, 3 months apart). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were monthly assessed for up to 7 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first patient, BCVA increased from 20/200 to 20/100 and CFT decreased from 462 to 386 microm, 2 months after the first injection. The condition was further improved after the second injection (BCVA, 20/40; CFT, 210 microm), but recurrence occurred 7 months post-baseline. In the second patient, BCVA increased from 20/200 to 20/70 and CFT decreased from 512 to 420 and 184 microm, 2 and 4 months post-baseline, respectively. In the third patient, clinical improvement was documented after the first injection. A second injection attributable to recurrence resulted in improvement of BCVA from 20/100 to 20/30 and decrease of CFT from 388 to 282 microm, 2 months after the second injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, although insufficient to consider "off-label" treatment with intravitreal infliximab, provide in vivo evidence of a pathogenetic link of locally produced and/or acting TNF to neovascular AMD. A randomized study of consecutive intravitreal injections of infliximab for AMD may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Attikon University Hospital, 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. patheo@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Panagiotis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
authors.forename: Vasilios S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Liarakos
authors.forename: Petros P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sfikakis
authors.forename: Ioannis A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vergados
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007267:Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab