title: Behavioral evidence of the dominant radicals and intermediates involved in bisphenol A degradation using an efficient Co2+/PMS oxidation process.
abstract: This study investigated the degradation and mineralization of Bisphenol A (BPA) at pH 7, taken as a model compound in the presence of the trace metal-ions, Co(2+), and peroxymonosulfate (Oxone: PMS). We took advantage of the high oxidation-reduction potential of hydroxyl and sulfite radicals transformed from PMS as the oxidants to oxidize BPA to less complex compounds (stoichiometric ratio: [PMS](0)/[BPA](0)=2). Afterwards, the expected radicals were used to mineralize those compounds more efficiently (TOC removal approximately 40%) as compared to the 1% removal demonstrated in the UV/persulfate system in our previous study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evidence that the dominant behavior of radicals in a (bi)sulfite process is very different from that in a persulfate process. Additionally, the utilization of extremely small amounts of activator and oxidant for the complete degradation of BPA was achieved. The BPA degradation in this Co(2+)/PMS process formulated a pseudo-first-order kinetic model well over a practicable range of 25-45 degrees C. The activation energy (DeltaE=57.6 kJ mol(-1)) was calculated under different conditions, and the detailed discussion indicates that the activity of BPA degradation is not obviously dependent on the PMS concentration, but rather is related to Co(2+) dosage. Possible BPA side-chain oxidative metabolic pathways are suggested based on experimental results incorporating the evidence from EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and analysis from GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Fong
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yao-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000737:chemistry*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013447:Sulfites; D013816:Thermodynamics; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003035:Cobalt; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010545:Peroxides; D010636:Phenols; D013447:Sulfites; C038288:peroxymonosulfate; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds