title: Parameters of soluble immune activation in vivo correlate negatively with the proliferative capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-infected subjects show defective immune responses including impaired proliferative responses after stimulation with antigens and mitogens. The cytokine interferon-gamma, which seems to play an important role in HIV infection, induces neopterin formation and in parallel also tryptophan degradation by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
  
  
  METHODS
  : In this study, interferon-gamma-mediated pathways were examined in the plasma of patients and evaluated for associations with the proliferative responses of PBMC to mitogens in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the actual status of immune system activation in patients, plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma, neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or by high-performance liquid chromatography; the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan was calculated. Viral load, CD4 counts, and the in vivo immune activation status were compared with the in vitro responses of PBMC isolated from the same patients. PBMCs were stimulated with the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen, and their proliferation was assessed by H-thymidine incorporation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro proliferative capacity of PBMC was associated with viral load, CD4 counts, and also tryptophan degradation. Particularly, high neopterin concentrations were observed to be the best predictor of impaired proliferative response in logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher the degree of immune activation in vivo, the lower is the proliferative capacity of PBMC in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schroecksnadel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarcletti
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Banki
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zangerle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019798:Neopterin