title: Contribution of vascular and neural segments to baroreflex sensitivity in response to postural stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The baroreflex pathway has a vascular and a neural segment, both being modulated by variations in peripheral blood pressure (BP). Besides overall baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS), defined as the spectral relationship between changes in peripheral BP and R-R interval within the frequency band of 0.05-0.15 Hz, vascular and neural segment contributions to the overall BRS can be distinguished. We test the hypothesis that changes in overall BRS following a postural maneuver mainly originate from the vascular (peripheral pressure to carotid artery diameter) rather than the neural segment (carotid artery diameter to R-R interval).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral pressure (Finapress), carotid artery diameter (ultrasound in B-/M-mode) and electrocardiogram values of 20 young subjects in supine and upright-seated postures were recorded simultaneously. Transfer gains were computed for the segmental and overall responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postural change significantly increases peripheral BP and carotid artery diameter. The vascular segment has a uniform spectral distribution. Statistical analyses revealed that postural change decreased overall (p < 0.004) and vascular (p < 0.0001) transfer gains, but did not modify neural gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike the neural segment, the vascular segment is frequency non-specific. The decrease in overall BRS due to a postural change is mainly explained by the reduced transfer gain of the vascular segment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biophysics and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nazia P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Reneman
authors.forename: Arnold P G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hoeks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult