title: Inhibitory effects of gamma-tocotrienol on invasion and metastasis of human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.
abstract: Natural vitamin E is a mixture of two classes of compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols. Recent research has revealed that tocotrienols, especially gamma-tocotrienol, exhibit not only the same antioxidant ability as tocopherols, but also remarkable anticancer capacity in cancer cell lines. In this study, the invasion and metastatic capacities of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells and the correlation with antimetastasis mechanisms induced by gamma-tocotrienol were explored. The results showed the inhibitory effects of gamma-tocotrienol at doses of 15, 30, 45 and 60 mumol/L for 48 h on cell migration and cell matrigel invasion; activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) increased in SGC-7901 cells when compared to the control group (P<.05 or P<.01). An increasing trend in the chemotactic responses to fibronectin (FN) in SGC-7901 cells was found in the gamma-tocotrienol treatments. SGC-7901 cell attachment decreased in the gamma-tocotrienol-treated groups in comparison with the control group (P<.01). The mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed that gamma-tocotrienol significantly reduced the matrigel invasion capability through down-regulation of the mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P<.01), and up-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in SGC-7901 cells by treatment with gamma-tocotrienol for 48 h (P<.05). gamma-Tocotrienol also significantly increased the mRNA expression of nm23-H1 in SGC-7901 cells (P<.01). These findings suggest a potential mechanism of gamma-tocotrienol-mediated antitumor metastasis activity and indicate the role of vitamin E as potential chemopreventative agents against gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, People's Republic of China. huikun_liu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hui-Kun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jia-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiang-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bing-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002839:Chromans; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D014810:Vitamin E; C013649:plastochromanol 8; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases