title: Voiding dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease: impact of neurological impairment and clinical parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their association with different clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 110 patients (84 men), with a mean age of 61.8 +/- 9.6 years. Mean duration of the disease was 12.3 +/- 7.2 years. Neurological impairment was assessed by the Hoehn-Yahr and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating scales. LUTS were assessed by the International Continence Society questionnaire. We evaluated the impact of age, PD duration, neurological impairment, gender, and use of anti-Parkinsonian drugs on the voiding function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis, voiding dysfunction increased with the neurological impairment, but not with patient's age or disease duration. Quality of life (QOL) was affected by the severity of LUTS, and the symptoms with the worst impact were frequency and nocturia. Sixty-three (57.2%) patients were symptomatic. They did not differ with the asymptomatic as to age and disease duration, but had more severe neurological impairment. No impact on LUTS was associated with the use of levodopa, anticholinergics, and dopamine receptor agonists. Men and women were similarly affected by urinary symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of the neurological disease is the only predictive factor for the occurrence of voiding dysfunction, which affects men and women alike.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zein M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Sammour
authors.forename: Cristiano M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Egberto R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Roberto I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Flávio S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sallem
authors.forename: Flavio E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Trigo-Rocha
authors.forename: Homero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruschini
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents