title: Is there an ideal age for hypospadias repair? A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether repairing hypospadias before or after 18 months affects psychological adjustment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and surgical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven boys aged 6-17 years were assigned to one of two groups, according to whether they had a hypospadias repair before or after the age of 18 months. The surgical outcome was assessed using the pediatric penile perception score by non-involved urologists. A psychologist interviewed the patients to assess HRQoL and gender-role behavior. The child's psychological adjustment was assessed with a questionnaire for parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical outcome and complication rate were not significantly different between groups. A covariance analysis of HRQoL, gender-role behavior and psychological adjustment as a function of age at the last operation with current age as covariant was performed, but differences did not reach significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not provide evidence to support recommendations concerning the ideal age for hypospadias repair. In the absence of evidence of a benefit of early surgery, anesthesia-related risk factors must be considered when operating in very early infancy. Large, prospective studies, measuring surgical and psychological outcome with similar instruments to those presented may reveal whether there is a true ideal age for hypospadias surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Daniel.Weber@kispi.uzh.ch
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Schonbucher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gobet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landolt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000592:standards