title: Expression and characterization of the UL31 protein from duck enteritis virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies indicate that the UL31 protein and its homology play similar roles in nuclear egress of all herpesviruses. However, there is no report on the UL31 gene product of DEV. In this study, we expressed and presented the basic properties of the DEV UL31 product.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The entire ORF of the UL31 was cloned into pET 32a (+) prokaryotic expression vector. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) competent cells were transformed with the construct followed by the induction of protein expression by the addition of IPTG. Band corresponding to the predicted sizes (55 kDa) was produced on the SDS-PAGE. Over expressed 6xHis-UL31 fusion protein was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The DEV UL31 gene product has been identified by using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against the purified protein. A protein of approximate 35 kDa that reacted with the antiserum was detected in immunoblots of DEV-infected cellular lysates, suggesting that the 35 kDa protein was the primary translation product of the UL31 gene. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the UL31 gene was transcribed most abundantly during the late phase of replication. Subsequently, Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the protein was widespread speckled structures in the nuclei of infected cells. Western blotting of purified virion preparations showed that UL31 was a component of intracellular virions but was absent from mature extracellular virions. Finally, an Immunofluorescence assay was established to study the distribution of the UL31 antigen in tissues of artificially DEV infected ducks. The results showed that the UL31 antigen was primarily located in the cells of digestive organs and immunological organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work, we present the basic properties of the DEV UL31 product. The results indicate that DEV UL31 shares many similarities with its HSV or PRV homolog UL31 and suggest that functional cross-complementation is possible between members of the Alphaherpesvirus subfamily. Furthermore, in vivo experiments with ducks infected with UL31-defective isolates of DEV will also be of importance in order to assess the possible role of the UL31 protein in viral pathogenesis. These properties of the UL31 protein provide a prerequisite for further functional analysis of this gene.
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan, Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China. xiew8112@163.com
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Anchun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mingshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dekang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qihui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xiaoyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018138:Alphaherpesvirinae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007106:Immune Sera; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins