title: Effects of carbamide peroxide on dental luting agents.
abstract: Vital bleaching of natural dentition using a 10% carbamide peroxide in solution may adversely effect restorative materials such as the luting agents. The purpose of this study is to examine surface structure and alterations of atomic weight percentages of elements in (a) zinc phosphate, (b) glass-ionomer, and (c) resin cements after contact with the solution. Dry samples of cement were immersed in a 10% carbamide peroxide solution (pH 4.15) for 1, 6, and 24 h and compared with controls. Observations by light microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy were recorded. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated an eroded matrix in the ZnPO4 and glass ionomer samples exposed to carbamide peroxide. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis data indicate a definite time-dependent decrease in the aluminum content for both cements. Surface integrity and atomic weight percentage of elements in resin cement were relatively unchanged after treatment with the peroxide solution or water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Patient Care, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zena
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giammara
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement; D014508:Urea; D000535:Aluminum; D002118:Calcium