title: Total concentration analysis of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with high suspended particulate matter content.
abstract: The European water framework directive (WFD) requires priority pollutants to be measured in the whole water sample and not only in the dissolved phase. However, it does not give clear definitions on how to achieve this. To overcome this limitation, a new methodology of sample preparation procedure for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of extraction disks is introduced here. The automatable procedure includes a "one-step" extraction of the analytes both dissolved in the liquid phase of the sample and sorbed to suspended particulate matter. The latter is extracted concurrently with the solid-phase extraction (SPE) material within the elution step of the procedure. Separation, identification, and quantification of the analytes is performed by GC-MS. Results from surface water samples spiked with certified sediment up to 1000 mg/l are presented in this work and compared with results derived from liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Most measured values are within or at least near certified uncertainty limits of the sediment. The SPE disk method shows much higher recoveries and better precision (relative standard deviations between 2% and 11%) than the standard LLE method. For all substances under investigation, the limits of quantification achieved range between 0.001 and 0.005 microg/l.
authors.affiliation: IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. f.werres@iww-online.de
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Werres
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balsaa
authors.forename: Torsten C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water