title: Antiproliferative effect of ascorbic acid is associated with the inhibition of genes necessary to cell cycle progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ascorbic acid (AA), or Vitamin C, is most well known as a nutritional supplement with antioxidant properties. Recently, we demonstrated that high concentrations of AA act on PMP22 gene expression and partially correct the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease phenotype in a mouse model. This is due to the capacity of AA, but not other antioxidants, to down-modulate cAMP intracellular concentration by a competitive inhibition of the adenylate cyclase enzymatic activity. Because of the critical role of cAMP in intracellular signalling, we decided to explore the possibility that ascorbic acid could modulate the expression of other genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using human pangenomic microarrays, we found that AA inhibited the expression of two categories of genes necessary for cell cycle progression, tRNA synthetases and translation initiation factor subunits. In in vitro assays, we demonstrated that AA induced the S-phase arrest of proliferative normal and tumor cells. Highest concentrations of AA leaded to necrotic cell death. However, quiescent cells were not susceptible to AA toxicity, suggesting the blockage of protein synthesis was mainly detrimental in metabolically-active cells. Using animal models, we found that high concentrations of AA inhibited tumor progression in nude mice grafted with HT29 cells (derived from human colon carcinoma). Consistently, expression of tRNA synthetases and ieF2 appeared to be specifically decreased in tumors upon AA treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AA has an antiproliferative activity, at elevated concentration that could be obtained using IV injection. This activity has been observed in vitro as well in vivo and likely results from the inhibition of expression of genes involved in protein synthesis. Implications for a clinical use in anticancer therapies will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: EA 4263, Therapy of Genetic Disorder, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belin
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duisit
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giacometti
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ciccolini
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fontés
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid