title: Numerical investigation of out-of-plane sound propagation in a shallow water experiment.
abstract: In an experiment in the Florida Straits, broadband pulses were transmitted over a range of 10 km and received by a vertical hydrophone array. For pulses with center frequency below 400 Hz, the received signal consisted of a dominant arrival followed by a secondary one delayed by about 0.4 s. A hypothesis that the secondary arrival was caused by 3D out-of-plane propagation is investigated here numerically with a 3D parabolic equation model (3DWAPE) and a 3D ray model (MOC3D). Both models clearly predict a secondary arrival caused by 3D horizontal refraction from the sloping bottom in the shoreward direction.
authors.affiliation: LMFA UMR CNRS 5509, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France. frederic.sturm@ec-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivansson
authors.forename: Yong-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: N Ross
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D044962:Data Compression; D005431:Florida; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D011825:Radar; D012623:Seawater; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors