title: Induction of early decidualization by cadmium, a major contaminant of cigarette smoke.
abstract: To investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) contamination on endometrial function, human endometrial stromal cells were isolated and cultured with E(2) plus P in the presence of Cd, a major contaminant in cigarette smoke, and assayed for PRL concentrations and its messenger RNA expression. Cd significantly increased PRL concentrations in the culture media and significantly up-regulated PRL messenger RNA expression of the endometrial stromal cells, suggesting that Cd stimulates decidualization of the endometrium and may disrupt endometrial environment, causing early decidualization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Hisahiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiroi
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momoeda
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Tetstu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002104:Cadmium; D011388:Prolactin