title: Fenugreek: a naturally occurring edible spice as an anticancer agent.
abstract: In recent years, various dietary components that can potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer have been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that extract (FE) from the seeds of the plant Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly called fenugreek, are cytotoxic in vitro to a panel of cancer but not normal cells. Treatment with 10-15 ug/mL of FE for 72 h was growth inhibitory to breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer cell lines (PCa). When tested at higher doses (15-20 ug/mL), FE continued to be growth inhibitory to PCa cell lines but not to either primary prostate or hTert-immortalized prostate cells. At least part of the growth inhibition is due to induction of cell death, as seen by incorporation of Ethidium Bromide III into cancer cells exposed to FE. Molecular changes induced in PCa cells are: in DU-145 cells: downregulation of mutant p53, and in PC-3 cells upregulation of p21 and inhibition of TGFbeta induced phosphorylation of Akt. The surprising finding of our studies is that death of cancer cells occurs despite growth stimulatory pathways being simultaneously upregulated (phosphorylated) by FE. Thus, these studies add another biologically active agent to our armamentarium of naturally occurring agents with therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 , USA.
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabbeer
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sobolewski
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Anchoori
authors.forename: Sushant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kachhap
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimeno
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.forename: Saeed R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017365:Spices; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D029910:Trigonella
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates; C016766:sulforaphane; D004144:Diosgenin