title: Medical feature based evaluation of structuring elements for morphological enhancement of ultrasonic images.
abstract: This paper investigates the use of morphology-based nonlinear filters, and performs deterministic and statistical analysis of the linear combinations of the filters for the image quality enhancement of B-mode ultrasound images. The fact that the structuring element shape greatly influences the output of the filter, is one of the most important features of mathematical morphology. The present reported work comparatively evaluates the structuring elements for morphological liver image enhancement and verifies the hypothesis that the speckles visible in US images are short, slightly 'banana-shaped' white lines. Initially, five different liver images were morphologically filtered using 10 different structuring elements and then the filtered images were assessed quantitatively. Image quality parameters such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error and correlation coefficient have been used to evaluate the performance of the morphological filters with different structuring elements. To endorse the observation of the quantitative analysis, the filtered images were then evaluated qualitatively, based on the image features looked into by the medical fraternity. The evaluation parameters have been taken on the basis of the suggestions made by a group of radiologists. The results of the processed images were then evaluated by a different group of radiologists. A multi-point rank order method has been used to identify small differences or trends in observation. The subjective analysis by radiologists indicates that morphological filter using line shaped structuring element with length 2 performs better than the other structuring elements. These observations were found to be in line with the observations of quantitative analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. vshridee@iitr.ernet.in
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shrimali
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Srivastav
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography