title: Gravin dynamics regulates the subcellular distribution of PKA.
abstract: Gravin, a multivalent A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP), localizes to the cell periphery in several cell types and is postulated to target PKA and other binding partners to the plasma membrane. An N-terminal myristoylation sequence and three regions rich in basic amino acids are proposed to mediate this localization. Reports indicating that phorbol ester affects the distribution of SSeCKS, the rat orthologue of gravin, further suggest that PKC may also regulate the subcellular distribution of gravin, which in turn may affect PKA distribution. In this study, quantitative confocal microscopy of cells expressing full-length and mutant gravin-EGFP constructs lacking the proposed targeting domains revealed that either the N-myristoylation site or the polybasic regions were sufficient to target gravin to the cell periphery. Moreover, phorbol ester treatment induced redistribution of gravin-EGFP from the cell periphery to a juxtanuclear vesicular compartment, but this required the presence of the N-myristoylation site. Confocal microscopy further revealed that not only did gravin-EGFP target a PKA RII-ECFP construct to the cell periphery, but PKC activation resulted in redistribution of the gravin and PKA constructs to the same subcellular site. It is postulated that this dynamic response by gravin to PKC activity may mediate PKC dependent control of PKA activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walkiewicz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leiphon
authors.forename: Bryon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grove
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; C491162:AKAP12 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C