title: Prospective trial incorporating pre-/mid-treatment [18F]-misonidazole positron emission tomography for head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results from a prospective study of a series of locoregionally advanced head-and-neck cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy and to discuss the findings of their pre-/mid-treatment [(18)F]-misonidazole ((18)F-FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 patients agreed to participate in this study. Of these 28 patients, 20 (90% with an oropharyngeal primary cancer) were able to undergo the requirements of the protocol. Each patient underwent four PET scans: one pretreatment fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography scan, two pretreatment (18)F-FMISO PET/computed tomography scans, and a third (18)F-FMISO PET (mid-treatment) scan performed 4 weeks after the start of chemoradiotherapy. The (18)F-FMISO PET scans were acquired 2-3 h after tracer administration. Patients were treated with 2-3 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy concurrent with definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A heterogeneous distribution of (18)F-FMISO was noted in the primary and/or nodal disease in 90% of the patients. Two patients had persistent detectable hypoxia on their third mid-treatment (18)F-FMISO PET scan. One patient experienced regional/distant failure but had no detectable residual hypoxia on the mid-treatment (18)F-FMISO PET scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent locoregional control was observed in this series of head-and-neck cancer patients treated with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy despite evidence of detectable hypoxia on the pretreatment (18)F-FMISO PET/computed tomography scans of 18 of 20 patients. In this prospective study, neither the presence nor the absence of hypoxia, as defined by positive (18)F-FMISO findings on the mid-treatment PET scan, correlated with patient outcome. The results of this study have confirmed similar results reported previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. leen2@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sadek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nehmeh
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schöder
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fury
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C Clifton
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Humm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D008920:Misonidazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C031843:fluoromisonidazole; D008920:Misonidazole; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil