title: [Teaching non-technical skills for critical incidents: Crisis resource management training for medical students].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians have to demonstrate non-technical skills, such as communication and team leading skills, while coping with critical incidents. These skills are not taught during medical education. A crisis resource management (CRM) training was established for 4th to 6th year medical students using a full-scale simulator mannikin (Emergency Care Simulator, ECS, METI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The learning objectives of the course were defined according to the key points of Gaba's CRM concept. The training consisted of theoretical and practical parts (3 simulation scenarios with debriefing). Students' self-assessment before and after the training provided the data for evaluation of the training outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 65 students took part in the training. The course was well received in terms of overall course quality, debriefings and didactic presentation, the mean overall mark being 1.4 (1: best, 6: worst). After the course students felt significantly more confident when facing incidents in clinical practice. The main learning objectives were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effectiveness of applying the widely used ECS full-scale simulator in interdisciplinary teaching has been demonstrated. The training exposes students to crisis resource management issues and motivates them to develop non-technical skills.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland. akrueger@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gillmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013337:Students, Medical