title: Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook this study to explore the degree of impairment in movement skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and a wide IQ range.
  
  
  METHODS
  Movement skills were measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) in a large, well defined, population-derived group of children (n=101: 89 males,12 females; mean age 11y 4mo, SD 10mo; range 10y-14y 3mo) with childhood autism and broader ASD and a wide range of IQ scores. Additionally, we tested whether a parent-completed questionnaire, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), was useful in identifying children who met criteria for movement impairments after assessment (n=97 with complete M-ABCs and DCDQs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the children with ASD, 79% had definite movement impairments on the M-ABC; a further 10% had borderline problems. Children with childhood autism were more impaired than children with broader ASD, and children with an IQ less than 70 were more impaired than those with IQ more than 70. This is consistent with the view that movement impairments may arise from a more severe neurological impairment that also contributes to intellectual disability and more severe autism. Movement impairment was not associated with everyday adaptive behaviour once the effect of IQ was controlled for. The DCDQ performed moderately well as a screen for possible motor difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Movement impairments are common in children with ASD. Systematic assessment of movement abilities should be considered a routine investigation.
authors.affiliation: Newcomen Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK. dido.green@gstt.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Dido
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loucas
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simonoff
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baird
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires