title: Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in women with previous pre-eclampsia or small-for-gestational-age offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in body composition and fat distribution between women with previous pre-eclampsia or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) offspring and those with uncomplicated pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study in a genetically isolated population in the southwest of the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women after pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (n=45), SGA offspring (n=53) and uncomplicated pregnancies (n=106).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were compared for body composition and fat distribution variables, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometrics at a mean follow-up time of 10.8 (SD +/- 5.9) years after pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total lean and fat mass, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass, android-to-gynoid fat ratio, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with previous pre-eclampsia compared with controls had higher mean total fat mass index (11.5 +/- 0.6 versus 9.7 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2); P = 0.03), lean mass index (15.8 +/- 0.3 versus 14.5 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2); P =0.001) and body mass index ([BMI]; 28.4 +/- 0.8 versus 25.4 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2); P = 0.005). Their waist circumferences (90.7 +/- 2.0 versus 78.5 +/- 1.3 cm; P < 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratios (0.86 +/- 0.01 versus 0.77 +/- 0.01; P < 0.001) were also higher as well as android fat mass (2.8 +/- 0.2 versus 2.1 +/- 0.1 kg; P = 0.01) and android-to-gynoid fat ratios (0.45 +/- 0.02 versus 0.39 +/- 0.01; P = 0.02). Mean total fat, lean and BMI was not significantly different between women with previous SGA offspring and controls, yet waist-to-hip ratios (0.83 +/- 0.01; P < 0.001) were higher. The observed differences in waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and gynoid fat mass could not be attributed to differences in BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with previous pre-eclampsia or SGA offspring pregnancies compared with those with uncomplicated pregnancies have a preferential fat accumulation in the abdominal over hip region, which may explain, at least partly, their increased cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.berends@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Berends
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zillikens
authors.forename: C J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivadeneira
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: E A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy