title: Frailty and mortality among Chinese at advanced ages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the factors associated with frailty and the association of frailty with mortality in a national sample of adults aged 65-109 in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the 2002 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we construct a frailty index (FI) based on 39 measures available in the data set. We use ordinal logistic regressions to examine the factors associated with the FI and use Weibull hazard regression to examine the association between frailty and 3-year mortality from 2002 to 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, sex, ethnicity, urban-rural residence, economic condition, religious involvement, and daily exercise are significantly associated with levels of frailty. Hazard analyses further reveal that the FI is a robust predictor of mortality at advanced ages and that the relationship between frailty and mortality is independent of various covariates. Discussion The measurement and analysis of frailty have broad implications for public health initiatives designed to target individuals with the diminished capacity to effectively compensate for external stressors and to prevent further declines associated with aging and mortality. A key to healthy longevity is the prevention, postponement, and potential recovery from physical and cognitive deficits at advanced ages through enhanced medical interventions and treatments.
authors.affiliation: Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, 506 SW Mill St. 570M, Portland, OR 97207, USA. gudanan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Danan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dupre
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sautter
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D003906:Developing Countries; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis