title: Pain treatment with high-dose, controlled-release oxycodone: an Italian perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible role and tolerability of high-dose (>160 mg/day) oxycodone controlled release (CR) for the treatment of cancer and non-cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  227 patients with cancer or non-cancer pain were enrolled in an open-label, multi-center, Italian study in order to assess the adequacy of their existing pain management (using a numerical rating scale [NRS]) and the possible benefit high-dose oxycodone CR may offer patients experiencing uncontrolled pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was poorly controlled at baseline, with only 18.1% of patients reporting adequate pain relief (NRS <3.5). All other patients reported uncontrolled pain, with an average NRS of 7.81. At baseline assessment, 47.89% of patients had been in pain for up to 3 months, 32.82% for 3-6 months, and 19.19% for more than 6 months. After baseline assessment, patients were switched to oxycodone CR monotherapy. The starting dose was individualized to each patient and titrated up over a 3- to 4-day period until effective pain management was achieved. Treatment was continued for an average of 37.24 days during the study. Pain control (final mean NRS of 2.85) was attained with an average dose of oxycodone CR 221.84 mg/day. Standard adverse events (including constipations, nausea, and vomiting) were recorded in 39.64% of patients receiving high-dose oxycodone CR monotherapy. Side-effects tended to subside after the initial week of treatment and did not result in any participants leaving the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose oxycodone CR can achieve rapid and effective management of moderate to severe cancer and non-cancer pain with minimum side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Ca'Foncello, Treviso. fferrarese@ulss.tv.it
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
authors.forename: Gioia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becchimanzi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Maria Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pedelini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigotti
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scelzi