title: Inheritance mode and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a serious pest that causes enormous losses to the rice crop in Asia. The genetic basis of imidacloprid resistance was investigated in N. lugens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resistant strain, selected for imidacloprid resistance from a field population of N. lugens collected from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, showed a 964-fold resistance compared with the laboratory strain. Progenies of reciprocal crosses (F(1) and F(1)') showed similar dose-mortality responses (LC(50)) to imidacloprid, and also exhibited a similar degree of dominance (D), 0.58 for F(1) and 0.63 for F(1)'. Chi-square analyses of self-bred and backcross progenies (F(2), F(2)' and BC respectively) rejected the hypothesis for a single gene control of the resistance. The estimated realized heritability (h(2)) of imidacloprid resistance was 0.1141 in the resistant strain of N. lugens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens was autosomal and was expressed as an incompletely dominant trait, probably controlled by multiple genes.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture/Department of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yan Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu Gan
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Sheng Gan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010858:Pigmentation
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid