DD genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme in type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal disease in Mexican Mestizos.
OBJECTIVE
The DD genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been suggested as a major contributor of diabetic nephropathy in several populations. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether micro/macroalbuminuria is associated with ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in Mexican Mestizos with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
A total of 435 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, of whom 233 had albuminuria, were characterized for the ACE I/D polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction method.


RESULTS
Clinical and biochemical characteristics and frequencies according to DD, ID and II genotypes in patients with and without albuminuria showed no significant differences. However, only females with micro/macroalbuminuria showed higher frequency of a DD genotype than those without albuminuria (27.9%, 21.2% and 10.5%, respectively; P <or= 0.044). In addition, female patients with macroalbuminuria without dialysis showed no significant differences with patients undergoing dialysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The ACE DD genotype is a risk factor for the development of renal disease in Mexican Mestizo females with type 2 diabetes, indicating a possible DD genotype-associated sex effect in renal disease.
Palomo-Piñón
Silvia
S
Nephrology Department and Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
Margarita E
ME
Díaz-Flores
Margarita
M
Sánchez-Barrera
Reyna
R
Valladares-Salgado
Adán
A
Utrera-Barillas
Dolores
D
Durán-Reyes
Genoveva
G
Galván-Duarte
Rosa E
RE
Trinidad-Ramos
Pedro
P
Cruz
Miguel
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
D004967:Estrogens; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A