title: Efficacy of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate for mothers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): preliminary report of effects on ADHD symptoms and parenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A preliminary study to examine the efficacy of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and parenting behaviors in mothers with ADHD who had children with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 23 mother-child dyads in which both were diagnosed with DSM-IV ADHD. Mothers underwent a 5-week, double-blind titration (placebo, 36 mg/day, 54 mg/day, 72 mg/day, 90 mg/day) to an optimal dose of OROS methylphenidate, followed by random assignment to 2 weeks of placebo or their maximally effective dose. Primary outcome measures included maternal ADHD symptoms (Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and parenting (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes included side effects ratings. Data were collected from December 2004 until August 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During Phase 1, mothers reported significant decreases in inattention (p < .001) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (p < .01) with increases in OROS methylphenidate dose. As dose increased, significant reductions in inconsistent discipline (p < .01) and corporal punishment use (p < .005) were also demonstrated. During Phase 2, small effects on inattention (d = 0.46) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (d = 0.38) were found for those randomly assigned to medication versus placebo. In addition, medium to large medication effects were found on maternal involvement (d = 0.52), poor monitoring/supervision (d = 0.70), and inconsistent discipline (d = 0.71), with small effects on corporal punishment (d = 0.42). During both phases, few adverse effects were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OROS methylphenidate was well tolerated and was associated with significant improvement in maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting. Variable effects on parenting suggest that behavioral interventions may be necessary to address impairments in parenting among adults with ADHD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00318981.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD 20742, USA. achronis@psyc.umd.edu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chronis-Tuscano
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Cynthia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jiles
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pian
authors.forename: Adelaide S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Robb
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate