title: Autonomous control of inspired oxygen concentration during mechanical ventilation of the critically injured trauma patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transport of mechanically ventilated patients in a combat zone presents challenges including conservation of resources. In the battlefield setting, the provision of adequate oxygen supplies remains a significant issue. Autonomous control of oxygen concentration may allow a reduction in mission load.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trauma patients requiring ventilation and inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) greater than 0.35 were evaluated for study. Patients were randomized to consecutive 4-hour periods of autonomous control or standard care. The system for autonomous control consisted of a ventilator, oximeter, and a portable computer. The portable computer housed the control algorithm and collected ventilator and oxygen saturation (SpO2) data every 5 seconds. The controller goal was to maintain SpO2 at 94% +/- 2% via discrete changes of 1% to 5%. Ventilator settings and SpO2 were recorded every 5 seconds for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients were enrolled in this study. Oxygen saturation was maintained in the 92% to 96% saturation range 33% +/- 36% of the time during clinician control versus 83% +/- 21% during autonomous control. Oxygen usage was reduced by 44% during autonomous control. There was a slight difference in the total duration of SpO2 episodes less than 88% between groups (6.02 +/- 0.83 vs. 6.87 +/- 0.46 minutes, p < 0.05). There were no differences in the number of episodes of SpO2 <88%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autonomous control of FIO2 offers the opportunity for a reduction in oxygen usage, allowing a weight and resource reduction, without increasing risk of hypoxemia in ventilated trauma patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johannigman
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Branson
authors.forename: Dorian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lecroy
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008887:Military Medicine; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014187:Transportation of Patients