title: Type I interferon inhibits astrocytic gliosis and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by deactivation of the MEK/ERK pathway.
abstract: Formation of a glial scar is one of the major obstacles to axonal growth after injury to the adult CNS. In this study, we have addressed this issue by focusing on reactive astrocytes in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). First, we attempted to identify profile changes in the expression of astrocytic gliosis 10 days after injury by using gliosis-specific microdissection, genome-wide microarray, and MetaCore(trade mark) pathway analysis. This systematic data processing revealed many intriguing activated pathways. However, considering that proliferation/mitosis is one of the most prominent features of reactive astrocytes, we focused on the functional role of the Ras-MEK-ERK signaling cascades in reactive astrocytes. SCI-induced proliferation of reactive astrocytes in the lesion is in accordance with the increase in the expression and phosphorylation of MEK-ERK. Second, to reduce reactive gliosis after SCI, liposomes containing the interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene were administered locally 30 min after injury. At 14 days after this treatment, GFAP-positive intensity and MEK-ERK phosphorylation at the lesion were reduced. In the animals receiving the IFN-beta gene, significant recovery of neurobehavior and parameters of electrophysiology following SCI was revealed by assessments of rotarod performance and improvements in the Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion and cortical motor-evoked potentials. SCI resulted in the degeneration of biotinylated dextran amine-labeled descending corticospinal tract axons, but the IFN-beta gene delivery induced regrowth of a large number of corticospinal tract axons. These results suggest that liposome-mediated IFN-beta gene delivery inhibits glial scar formation after SCI and promotes functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Motokazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimato
authors.forename: Masasuke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008081:Liposomes; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases