title: Do no more harm: the psychological stress of the medical examination for alleged child sexual abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, there is some controversy that the medical examination following allegations of child sexual abuse may further traumatise the child. Access for children to appropriate care may be hindered if decisions about referral are influenced by personal beliefs, rather than by recognition of the potential health and psychological benefits of the assessment. We aimed to study the expectations and emotional responses of children and their parents to the medical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective quantitative and qualitative study at the Children's Hospital at Westmead. Participants completed questionnaires pre-examination and post-examination, including Children's Anxiety and Pain Scales. Clinicians recorded a Genital Examination Distress Scale and a questionnaire about potentially prognostic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents found the medical examination significantly less stressful than they had anticipated. They highlighted the importance of being involved in the process, the child's reaction, staff attitudes and the doctor's explanations. Although most parents expected that the medical would be stressful for their child, this did not correlate with the children's reports of feeling scared beforehand. Increased parental and child distress were significantly associated with the child being 12 years or older. The type of abuse was not significantly linked to any of the parent or child self-reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the medical examination is not as stressful as expected and support the recommendation that timely medical assessment by appropriately trained professionals should be offered for all children following allegations of sexual abuse.
authors.affiliation: Child Protection Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. susanm1@chw.edu.au
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzioumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014739:Victoria