Twenty-one year tracking of serum non-cholesterol sterols. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.
OBJECTIVE
To show tracking of cholesterol metabolism, the ratios to cholesterol of e.g. serum cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol, reflecting cholesterol synthesis, and cholestanol, campesterol, avenasterol and sitosterol, reflecting cholesterol absorption, were measured 21 years apart.


RESULTS
In random population samples initially comprising 12- (n=162), 15- (n=158), and 18-year-old (n=148) males participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, serum sterols and squalene were measured with gas-liquid chromatography in 1980 and 2001. Quartiles of cholestanol, indicating low to high cholesterol absorption, were defined from the cholestanol values in 1980. Serum cholesterol increased in the oldest age group only, but synthesis markers (except desmosterol) increased in all age groups after the follow-up (e.g. lathosterol, total population +47.3+/-2.6% (SE), P<0.001). Campesterol (+69.0+/-3.0%, P<0.001) and sitosterol increased, avenasterol was unchanged, and cholestanol decreased (-6.2+/-0.7%, P<0.001), respectively. The 1980 synthesis and absorption markers were interrelated with respective values 21 years later in all age groups and quartiles (e.g. lathosterol, total population 1980 vs. 2001 r=0.460, cholestanol 1980 vs. 2001 r=0.593, P<0.001 for both). Synthesis markers were highest in the first and lowest in the fourth quartile both in 1980 and 2001 (e.g. 2001, desmosterol, quartile 1, 99+/-9, quartile 4, 83+/-2 microg/mg of cholesterol, P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Cholesterol metabolism is significantly tracked in adolescent males over the follow-up of 21 years. Thus, high cholesterol synthesis and low absorption characterize subjects with the lowest cholestanol quartile, while those with the highest quartile have low synthesis and high absorption in both adolescence and later in young adult life.
Miettinen
T A
TA
Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, room C4 22, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 HUS, Finland. tatu.a.miettinen@helsinki.fi
Hallikainen
M
M
Raitakari
O T
OT
Viikari
J
J
Gylling
H
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004083:Cholestanol / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003897:Desmosterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000097:blood; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; D003897:Desmosterol; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; C001521:lathosterol; D004083:Cholestanol; D002784:Cholesterol