title: Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between maternal use of antihypertensives in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably infant congenital malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study of 1,418 women who had used antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy but had no diabetes diagnosis were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an excess risk for placental abruption, caesarean section, delivery induction, and post-delivery hemorrhage in women taking hypertensives. Infants were more often than expected born preterm, were small for gestational age, and had an excess of various neonatal symptoms. Cardiovascular defects occurred with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.59 (95% CI 1.92-3.51). The results were similar when the woman had used ACE inhibitors or other antihypertensives, notably beta blockers. Stillbirth rate was increased (risk ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.02-3.02), again without any clear drug specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seems to be little drug specificity in the association between maternal use of antihypertensives and an increased risk for infant cardiovascular defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lennestål
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otterblad Olausson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Källén
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents