title: The moderating impact of ethnicity on metabolic outcomes during treatment with olanzapine and aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Race is strongly associated with risk for metabolic dysfunction, but there is limited prospective data concerning the impact of race on antipsychotic metabolic outcomes among patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a post hoc analysis of data from a 26-week, double-blind, randomized trial of aripiprazole (N = 155) and olanzapine (N = 159) conducted from April 2000 through June 2001 in patients aged >or= 18 years with acute schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria. The data were analyzed on the basis of racial breakdown: white and black/Hispanic. Between-drug and within-drug outcomes were analyzed separately for each racial cohort across weight, lipid, and glucose parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For white subjects (N = 167), olanzapine significantly worsened all metabolic parameters except high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and fasting glucose, and this was significantly different than aripiprazole for every outcome except fasting glucose. In the black/Hispanic cohort (N = 137), olanzapine treatment resulted in adverse metabolic outcomes, and these changes were significantly different from aripiprazole for adiposity, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol. Aripiprazole decreased the odds of endpoint metabolic syndrome compared with olanzapine for all subjects (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.55), the white cohort (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.41), and black/Hispanic subjects (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.25 to 1.12), but the black/Hispanic result was not statistically significant (p = .096). Within the aripiprazole group, white subjects had significantly lower risk for metabolic syndrome, but there was no significant difference in metabolic syndrome between white and black/Hispanic subjects exposed to olanzapine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race may be an important moderator of metabolic risk during atypical antipsychotic therapy. Olanzapine treatment is associated with greater effects on adiposity and lipids than aripiprazole in both white and black/Hispanic subjects, suggesting that antipsychotic choice and intensive monitoring are important in minimizing metabolic risk, especially in nonwhite patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. jmmeyer@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitehead
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D000077152:Olanzapine