title: Fine structure and chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent gland secretion in Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae).
abstract: Morphology and ultrastructure of metathoracic scent glands (MTGs) of Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Extracts of the volatile fraction of the MTG secretion from males and females were subjected to initial analysis. One pair of the MTG is composed of a reservoir and a pair of lateral glands connected to the reservoir with a duct. MTGs are open in between the meso- and metacoxae, on evaporation areas with a mushroom-like structure. Reservoir walls embody two types of cells, type I and type II, respectively. Cells of type I have numerous organelles, while type II cells have only been found in a certain area of the reservoir wall. They have large secretory ducts lined by a cuticular intima layer. The lateral glands connected to reservoir have two further types of cells. Lateral glands are lined by type A secretory cells and secretory duct is found in their cytoplasm. Type B cells are poor in organelles and are smaller than type A cells. Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry examinations revealed that both in males and females of G. lineatum MTGs 14 chemical compounds occur, among which only 10 are common. These secretions indicate information such as defensive and pheromonal activities, other functions could be attributed to the secretion of the MTG of G. lineatum by comparison with other closely related bug species. In the analyses of MTGs of females of G. lineatum, n-octadecanoic acid was observed at the most and n-undecane was determined at lowest level, while males of G. lineatum n-tridecane was determined at the highest level; and (E)-2-hexenyl acetate has been observed at the lowest.
authors.affiliation: Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Yozgat, Turkey. dilekdurak@erciyes.edu.tr
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durak
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kalender
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D015388:Organelles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis*; D012543:Scent Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds