title: Concept analysis of loneliness with implications for nursing diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to explore the concept of loneliness using Walker and Avant's concept analysis framework. In addition, the overlap and potential confusion of the factors related to the nursing diagnoses Social Isolation and Risk for Loneliness were noted and discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted by searching Google, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE databases using the keywords "loneliness,""concept analysis," and "loneliness concept analysis" in the title. Only those sources that directly addressed loneliness were used (27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dictionary definitions, various uses, and critical attributes were identified; model, borderline, related, and contrary cases were developed; and antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents were determined. Data were evaluated and summarized to reach conclusions and recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors concluded with a recommendation that Loneliness replace Social Isolation as the primary nursing diagnosis in the NANDA International taxonomy.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA. sherry.elsadr@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cheryl Bombassei
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: ElSadr
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noureddine
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003210:Concept Formation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012934:Social Isolation; D035501:Uncertainty