title: Early renal post-ischaemic tissue damage and dysfunction with contribution of A1-adenosine receptor activation in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of a selective A(1)-adenosine receptor (A(1)-AR) antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), on the renal dysfunction and histological damage induced by ischaemia/reperfusion at an early stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pentobarbital anaesthetised rats were prepared for measuring renal functional variables. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral renal artery clamping for 30 min followed by a 4 h reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, it was infused (i.v.) at 10 microg/kg per min before and after renal ischaemia. Both kidneys were examined using light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The renal ischaemic challenge resulted in major histological and ultrastructural damages, which were associated with decreased creatinine clearance, absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption, but increased fractional sodium-excretion and urine flow during reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, the histological and ultrastructural damage to the kidneys was improved along with the decrease in creatinine clearance and increase in fractional sodium-excretion being smaller, but the increase in urine flow being larger than those of the non-treated rats, while absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption were equal to those of the sham-operated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that endogenous activation of A(1)-AR contributes to the early development of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University (Medical Sciences), Shiraz, Iran. mmoosavi@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: S M S
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moosavi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayat
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owji
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Panjehshahin
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D014970:Xanthines; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine