title: Cost-effectiveness of HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis in Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cost analysis of a population-based observational cohort of 1601 participants eligible for NPEP in Australia between 1998 and 2004 was carried out. We modelled NPEP treatment costs and combined them with effectiveness outcomes to calculate the cost per seroconversion avoided. We estimated the cost-utility of the programme, and sensitivity and threshold analysis was performed on key variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average NPEP cost per patient was A$1616, of which A$848 (52%) was for drugs, A$331 (21%) for consultations, A$225 (14%) for pathology and A$212 (13%) for other costs. The cost per seroconversion avoided in the cohort was A$1 647,476 in our base case analysis, and A$512,410 when transmission rates were set at their maximal values. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was between A$40,673 and A$176,772, depending on the risks of HIV transmission assumed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our base case, NPEP was not a cost-effective intervention compared with the widely accepted Australian threshold of A$50,000 per QALY. It was only cost-effective after receptive unprotected anal intercourse exposure to an HIV-positive source. Although NPEP was a relatively well-targeted intervention in Australia, its cost-effectiveness could be improved by further targeting high-risk exposures.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guinot
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Poynten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Grulich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001315:Australia; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D056990:Post-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents