title: Cyclosporine A inhibits the expression of membrane type-I matrix metalloproteinase in gingiva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Membrane type-I matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) regulate the activation of MMP-2; however, their roles in the activation of MMP-2 in gingiva during treatment with cyclosporine A are still unknown. Therefore, the expressions of membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2, as well as MMP-2, in gingivae upon treatment with cyclosporine A were examined in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four rats were divided into two groups after edentulous ridges were established. The experimental group received 30 mg/kg/d of cyclosporine A and the control group received vehicle. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were killed, the gingivae were obtained and the expression of mRNA and protein of membrane type-I MMP, TIMP-2 and MMP-2 in gingiva were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In human gingival fibroblasts, the activity of MMP-2 and the expression of MMP-2, membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2 mRNAs were examined (using zymography and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively) after treatment with cyclosporine A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In gingivae of rats, cyclosporine A significantly decreased the expression of mRNA and protein of membrane type-I MMP, but not of TIMP-2. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA was unaffected but the expression of MMP-2 protein showed a significant decrease upon treatment with cyclosporine A. In fibroblast culture medium, the presence of cyclosporine A induced a decrease in MMP-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MMP-2, membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2 mRNAs in fibroblasts was not significantly affected by cyclosporine A; however, in fibroblasts the ratio of mRNA expression of membrane type-I MMP to that of TIMP-2 decreased as the cyclosporine A dose was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclosporine A inhibits the expression of membrane type-I MMP in gingiva and it may further reduce the activation of MMP-2.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Y-T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y-T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14