title: Generalization of the Price equation for evolutionary change.
abstract: The Price equation is recognized as a general statistical description of evolutionary change with the potential to represent diverse processes. Here we present a new structurally symmetric equation for change that allows for arbitrary causal connectivity between ancestors and descendants, accounts for previously unaddressed processes (such as migration), and yields the Price equation as a special case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. kerrb@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godfrey-Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017753:Ecosystem; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011157:Population Dynamics