title: Kawashima operation: functional modification of bidirectional Glen shunt with left superior vena cava in single ventricular morphology.
abstract: Single ventricle physiology offers limited options with significant morbidity and mortality. The Glenn shunt is a mid-stage procedure for the Fontan circulation. With persistent left Superior Vena Cava (SVC) and Azygos continuation of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) to the SVC, needs the development of bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunts. Fifteen patients underwent Bidirectional Glen shunt procedure over a period of ten years. Of these two were found to have left SVC along with interrupted IVC and its Azygos continuation to the SVC. These two patients underwent the Kawashima operation. A seven years old girl was admitted via emergency with severe cyanosis. She had tricuspid atresia, azygos continuation of IVC with single ventricle physiology. She had a complicated postoperative course with prolonged hospital stay after bilateral bidirectional Glen shunt (Kawashima operation). She successfully has completed Fontan after 5 years. The second case ofa 7 year old girl had elective surgery for DORV (double outlet right ventricle), pulmonary atresia and azygos continuation of IVC and persistent left SVC. She had an uneventful postoperative course. The Kawashima operation is an established surgical procedure to deal with bilateral SVCs. The procedure is safe; outcome is favourable and prepares the patient for total cavo-pulmonary shunt.
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery. Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahabuddin
authors.forename: Saulat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatimi
authors.forename: Mehnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atiq
authors.forename: Muneer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amanullah
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D018785:Tricuspid Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery*