title: Varnishes: the effect of a second coat on apical root leakage of retrofill amalgams.
abstract: The root canals of 60 single-rooted human teeth were obturated with gutta-percha. Each root was then resected and randomly received one of five retrofill procedures: copal varnish before the retrofill amalgam; copal varnish before and after the retrofill amalgam; Barrier (polyamide varnish) before the retrofill amalgam; Barrier before and after the retrofill amalgam; or retrofill amalgam with no varnish. All roots were placed in methylene blue dye for 11 days, and apical dye leakage was measured. This study showed that a single coat of either varnish prior to the retrofill improves the apical seal. No statistically significant differences were observed between the use of the two varnishes or between placement of a second coat of either varnish and the use of only one coat.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Educational Program in Dentistry, U.S. Army Dental Activity, Ft Hood, TX, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Coen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008751:Methylene Blue; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C077038:Barrier (varnish); D004396:Coloring Agents; D003764:Dental Materials; D009757:Nylons; D012116:Resins, Plant; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D003723:Dental Amalgam; C041292:copal rosin varnish; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D008751:Methylene Blue