title: SUMOylation participates in induction of ischemic tolerance.
abstract: Ground squirrels in hibernation torpor have been shown to have striking increases in global SUMOylation on tissue immunoblots. Here, we find evidence that global SUMOylation is also involved in ischemic tolerance in primary cortical neuronal cultures (from rats and mice) and SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cultured cortical neurons preconditioned by sublethal oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were less vulnerable to severe OGD than non-preconditioned neurons. Preconditioned neurons maintained elevated SUMO-1 conjugation levels (and, to a lesser extent those of SUMO-2/3) on western blots in contrast to non-preconditioned cells. Further, cortical neurons and SHSY5Y cells in which transfected SUMO-1 or SUMO-2 were over-expressed showed increased survival after severe OGD. In contrast, cell cultures subjected to depletion of endogenous SUMO-1 protein by RNAi had reduced survival after exposure to this form of in vitro ischemia and an attenuated protective response to preconditioning. These findings suggest that maintenance of a globally elevated SUMO-1 (and maybe SUMO-2/3) conjugation level as revealed by immunoblot assays is a component of ischemic tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yang Ja
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castri
authors.forename: Joliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bembry
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maric
authors.forename: Sungyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auh
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hallenbeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D025842:SUMO-1 Protein