title: Economic family burden of metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To appraise the economic burden for families of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  DM1 family direct costs were obtained from a standardized economic survey in 59 children with no chronic severe complications such as kidney failure in 2002-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean family annual direct cost of treatment and monitoring was US $1689.87 which includes government funding given to both outpatients and inpatients. Despite this, DM1 out-of-pocket cost for families is very high compared to the minimum official wage of approximately $4.00 dollar/day versus $4.06 cost DM1/day. No correlation between parents' age, education or socio-economic level and direct cost was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest economic burden was due to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 53.0% and insulin 14.8%. The costs were higher in children with poor metabolic control who performed SMBG less often.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinologia, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico. namexi@correo.unam.mx
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altamirano-Bustamante
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Islas-Ortega
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robles-Valdés
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garduño-Espinosa
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morales-Cisneros
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calzada-León
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Xancopinca
authors.forename: Myriam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Altamirano-Bustamante
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003625:Data Collection; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin