title: COX-2 expression does not correlate with microvessel density in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), implicated in carcinogenesis and tumour progression in many cancers including breast cancer, is hypothesised to cause progression by promoting angiogenesis. The exact mechanism of such action is not known and the clinical evidence of such interaction is weak. We studied COX-2 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in malignant breast tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  COX-2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 89 breast cancer cases. MVD was assessed by CD31 immunohistochemistry using the Chalkey count method. COX-2 expression and MVD data were correlated with each other and with other prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 expression, observed in 70 (79%) cases, correlated positively with tumour type (p = 0.037) and tumour grade (p = 0.045), but negatively with oestrogen receptor (p = 0.013). It did not correlate with tumour size, axillary lymph node status, progesterone receptor and HER-2 status. MVD varied from 2.09 to 40.38, correlated positively with tumour grade (p = 0.050) and tumour size (p = 0.044), but negatively with progesterone receptor (p = 0.040). MVD did not correlate with tumour type, axillary lymph node status, oestrogen receptor and HER-2. There was no correlation between COX-2 expression and MVD (p = 0.702).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 expression does not correlate with angiogenesis in breast cancer. Angiogenesis in breast cancer may be dependent on multiple genes, rather than on COX-2 alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Mangesh A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thorat
authors.forename: Sanjana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimiya
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badve
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human