title: [Smoking amongst women arriving at an outpatient clinic in hospital. Nicotine addiction versus disorders in the menstrual cycle].
abstract: It is common knowledge that smoking badly influences women's health. Nicotine addiction does not only increase the risk of cancerous diseases, blood circulation and coronary system disorders as well as osteoporosis, but also it can cause disorders of the menstrual cycle, infertility and earlier menopause. One hundred and seven patients took part in the research and attended the women's clinic (Clinic "K"). On the basis of the questionnaire, some data was assessed: demographic data, frequency and type of menstrual cycle disorders, fertility and age of menopause occurrence. A group of smoking women (36.05%) was distinguished and non-smoking women (63.95%). A higher percentage of menstrual cycle disorders was noticed in a group of smoking women (p < 0.05). The most frequent symptoms were painful period, painful breasts and premenstrual tension. No significantly statistical difference was stated in frequency of menstrual cycle depending on the amount of smoked cigarettes and addiction duration. The main decisive factor of giving up smoking is the awareness of the harmfulness of nicotine addiction.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Połoznictwa, Chorób Kobiecych i Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. kikpoloz@amb.bydgoszcz.pl
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jagielska
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazdepka-Ziemińska
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ludwikowski
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szymański
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*