title: Structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in adolescent girls with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction, which may eventually lead to clinical heart failure. We sought to determine the cardiovascular effects of adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited diabetic girls (8 with type 2 and 11 with type 1 diabetes) from a hospital diabetes service and nondiabetic control subjects (9 lean and 11 overweight) from the schools of the diabetic subjects. Echocardiography and measurements were performed by a single observer, blinded to subject group allocation, and included M-mode left ventricular dimensions, two-dimensional left ventricular mass, Doppler diastolic flows, estimation of left ventricular filling pressure, and systolic longitudinal motion. Left ventricular mass was indexed to height and fat-free body mass. ANOVA was used to compare the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar in age and height, but significant differences in body composition were observed. Subjects with type 2 diabetes had larger left ventricular dimensions and left ventricular mass, which persisted when indexed to height. Diastolic filling was impaired in both diabetic groups, and systolic longitudinal function was lower in the type 2 diabetic group. Half of the group with type 2 diabetes met the published criteria for LVH and left ventricular dilatation; 25% had evidence of elevated left ventricular filling pressure in association with structural abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated preclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure and function in adolescent girls with type 2 diabetes, despite the short duration of diabetes and highlights the potential high cardiovascular risk occurring in adolescent type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. g.whalley@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: Silmara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gusso
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cutfield
authors.forename: Katrina K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Poppe
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: J Chris
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baldi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D050177:Overweight / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left