title: Risk factors related to a hospital-associated cluster of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 infections in Germany During 2007.
abstract: In 2007, Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027 emerged in Germany. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to identify specific risk factors for infection with this strain. Logistic regression analysis involving 15 case patients and 31 control patients revealed that exposure to fluoroquinolones (matched odds ratio, 36.2; P < .01) or cephalosporins (matched odds ratio, 19.1; P < .01) was independently related to C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kleinkauf
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eckmanns
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: an der Heiden
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000502:physiology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021521:Ribotyping; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones