title: Concomitant use of the 3-dose oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine with a 3-dose primary vaccination course of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: immunogenicity and reactogenicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV), RotaTeq, can be concomitantly administered with most routine childhood vaccines. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of PRV when used concomitantly with a hexavalent vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy infants (N = 403) received hexavalent vaccine concomitantly with either PRV or placebo at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Antibody responses were measured immediately before and 42 +/- 3 days after vaccination. Parents/legal guardians recorded all adverse events for 14 days after vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seroprotective titers for hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen > or =10 mIU/mL) were achieved by 97.8% of subjects in both vaccine treatment groups. Seroprotective titers to H. influenzae type b (polyribosylribitol phosphate > or =0.15 microg/mL) were achieved by 91.4% of subjects receiving both vaccines and 95.1% of subjects receiving only hexavalent vaccine. Seroprotective titers to diphtheria, tetanus, and poliovirus were also comparable between the vaccine treatment groups, as were geometric mean antibody titers to the pertussis antigens. Among PRV recipients, 92% had a > or =3-fold rise in serum antirotavirus immunoglobulin A levels. Concomitant administration was well tolerated. The incidence of adverse events was similar for both groups, with no statistically significant increases in fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or irritability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, concomitant administration of PRV with hexavalent vaccine was well tolerated and the immune responses to the antigens of the hexavalent vaccine were noninferior when compared with those of the control group. In addition, PRV was immunogenic when administered concomitantly with hexavalent vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Biologics-Clinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA 19454, USA. max_ciarlet@merck.com
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarlet
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrecz
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Guanghan F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mikviman
authors.forename: Penny M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Falko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panzer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Dieter Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schödel
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C044237:Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D017778:Vaccines, Combined