Detection of fixed and variable targets in the monkey prefrontal cortex.
Behavioral significance is commonly coded by prefrontal neurons. The significance of a stimulus can be fixed through experience; in complex behavior, however, significance commonly changes with short-term context. To compare these cases, we trained monkeys in 2 versions of visual target detection. In both tasks, animals monitored a series of pictures, making a go response (saccade) at the offset of a specified target picture. In one version, based on "consistent mapping" in human visual search, target and nontarget pictures were fixed throughout training. In the other, based on "varied mapping," a cue at trial onset defined a new target. Building up over the first 1 s following this cue, many cells coded short-term context (cue/target identity) for the current trial. Thereafter, the cell population showed similar coding of behavioral significance in the 2 tasks, with selective early response to targets, and later, sustained activity coding target or nontarget until response. This population similarity was seen despite quite different activity in the 2 tasks for many single cells. At the population level, the results suggest similar prefrontal coding of fixed and short-term behavioral significance.
Kusunoki
Makoto
M
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB27EF, UK. makoto.kusunoki@psy.ox.ac.uk
Sigala
Natasha
N
Gaffan
David
D
Duncan
John
J
D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*