title: Effects of laser on the synovial fluid in the inflammatory process of the knee joint of the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser (LLL) energy on the clinical signs of inflammation and the cellular composition of synovial fluid (SF) in the inflamed knee of the rabbit.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are few findings related to the effects of LLL on SF in inflammatory processes and there is little knowledge about the optimal parameters for reducing joint inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammation in the right knee of 36 rabbits was induced by intracapsular injection (0.2 mL) of Terebinthina commun (Tc). The animals were randomly assigned to three groups: acute experimental group (AEG), chronic experimental group (CEG), and control group (CG), which only received Tc. Each group was divided in two subgroups of six animals each. The AEG and CEG groups began to receive laser treatment 2 and 5 d after the induction of inflammation, respectively. Laser irradiation at a wavelength of 830 nm, power output of 77 mW, and power density of 27.5 W/cm(2) was applied daily for 7 d for either 0.12 sec or 0.32 sec, resulting in doses of 3.4 J/cm(2) and 8 J/cm(2), respectively. Body mass, joint perimeter, joint temperature, and the morphology of the SF were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant differences between groups in the body mass, joint perimeter, and SF morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser irradiation with the selected parameters produced only a few subtle differences in the inflammatory signs and the SF. The lack of effects may have been due to the short irradiation time.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Columbia. sandoval@uis.edu.co
authors.forename: Maria Christina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: Stella Márcia Gonçalves
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mattiello-Rosa
authors.forename: Edson García
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Nivaldo Antonio
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Parizotto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000528:radiation effects*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000528:radiation effects*