title: The relationship between hematoma iron content and perihematoma edema: an MRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron neurotoxicity has been linked to delayed neuronal injury and edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We have previously shown that serum ferritin, an indicator of body iron load, correlates with the relative perihematoma edema volume (RPHEV) on days 3-4 after ICH. We undertook this study to directly examine the relationship between in vivo brain and hematoma iron content, measured by MRI, and RPHEV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected clinical and laboratory data from 36 consecutive patients with acute spontaneous lobar ICH who had MRI performed within 2-4 days of ICH onset. We measured hematoma and edema volumes, and the signal intensity on T(2)-weighted images (T(2)SI), as an estimate of iron content, in the hematoma and contralateral globus pallidus (GP). We calculated the RPHEV and T(2)SI in the hematoma and GP, relative to T(2)SI in the frontal deep white matter which contains negligible iron, to estimate the hematoma and brain iron load. We used Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the association of relative T(2)SI of the hematoma and GP with RPHEV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant inverse correlation between the relative T(2)SI in the hematoma (r = -0.75, p < 0.001) and to a lesser extent in the GP (r = -0.34, p = 0.04) and the RPHEV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in vivo brain and hematoma iron content, as measured by MRI, is linked to perihematoma edema after ICH, and provide further support to existing preclinical evidence linking iron-mediated toxicity to delayed neuronal injury after ICH.
authors.affiliation: Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lieb
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007501:Iron