title: Differential NF-kappaB pathways induction by Lactobacillus plantarum in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance.
abstract: How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensal Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses to L. plantarum in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killed L. plantarum bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of living L. plantarum bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Baarlen
authors.forename: Freddy J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Hemert
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Guido J E J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hooiveld
authors.forename: Robert-Jan M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brummer
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleerebezem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000382:microbiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010919:Placebos; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010919:Placebos