title: Formation of new chromosomes as a virulence mechanism in yeast Candida glabrata.
abstract: In eukaryotes, the number and rough organization of chromosomes is well preserved within isolates of the same species. Novel chromosomes and loss of chromosomes are infrequent and usually associated with pathological events. Here, we analyzed 40 pathogenic isolates of a haploid and asexual yeast, Candida glabrata, for their genome structure and stability. This organism has recently become the second most prevalent yeast pathogen in humans. Although the gene sequences were well conserved among different strains, their chromosome structures differed drastically. The most frequent events reshaping chromosomes were translocations of chromosomal arms. However, also larger segmental duplications were frequent and occasionally we observed novel chromosomes. Apparently, this yeast can generate a new chromosome by duplication of chromosome segments carrying a centromere and subsequently adding novel telomeric ends. We show that the observed genome plasticity is connected with antifungal drug resistance and it is likely an advantage in the human body, where environmental conditions fluctuate a lot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poláková
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: Julián Alvarez
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zárate
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mentel
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jørck-Ramberg
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenderup
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piskur
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal; D017931:DNA Primers; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017931:DNA Primers