title: Effect of infertility duration on postvaricocelectomy sperm counts and pregnancy rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The deterioration of seminal parameters in men with varicocele suggests a vascular lesion producing progressive damage to the testes over time. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the duration of infertility in infertile men with varicocele and the postoperative sperm counts to determine whether the infertility period is a parameter for predicting the pregnancy rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 574 patients with palpable varicoceles were retrospectively reviewed. According to the duration of unprotected intercourse without conception (infertility period), the patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1, 0-3 years (n = 353); group 2, 3-6 years (n = 132); group 3, 6-9 years (n = 47); and group 4, >9 years (n = 42). The mean age of these groups was 28.5 +/- 5.3 years (range 19-58), 30 +/- 4.9 years (range 22-52), 31.6 +/- 4.1 years (range 25-42), and 36.4 +/- 4.2 years (range 29-50), respectively. The preoperative and postoperative total motile sperm counts (TMCs) and postoperative pregnancy rates among these groups were compared statistically, including multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall spontaneous pregnancy rate of 41.3% was achieved after microscopic varicocelectomy. The greatest pregnancy rate was achieved in group 1 (43.9%) and the lowest pregnancy rate in group 4 (31.7%; P < .05). The mean postoperative TMC in these groups was 34.9 +/- 3.5 x 10(6) and 24.6 +/- 1.7 x 10(6), the only statistically significant difference in terms of postoperative TMC and pregnancy among the 4 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, the pregnancy rates and TMCs after varicocelectomy correlate negatively with the infertility period. This finding supports the perspective that varicocele has deleterious effects on the testicular biology over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Unal O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Zorba
authors.forename: Oner M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tezer
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdemir
authors.forename: Shavkat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shavakhabov
authors.forename: Ates
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadioglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013076:Sperm Count; D013997:Time Factors; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult