Imported malaria in children in industrialized countries, 1992-2002.
Children account for an appreciable proportion of total imported malaria cases, yet few studies have quantified these cases, identified trends, or suggested evidence-based prevention strategies for this group of travelers. We therefore sought to identify numbers of cases and deaths, Plasmodium species, place of malaria acquisition, preventive measures used, and national origin of malaria in children. We analyzed retrospective data from Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States and data provided by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. During 1992-2002, >17,000 cases of imported malaria in children were reported in 11 countries where malaria is not endemic; most (>70%) had been acquired in Africa. Returning to country of origin to visit friends and relatives was a risk factor. Malaria prevention for children should be a responsibility of healthcare providers and should be subsidized for low-income travelers to high-risk areas.
Stäger
Katrin
K
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Legros
Fabrice
F
Krause
Gérard
G
Low
Nicola
N
Bradley
David
D
Desai
Meghna
M
Graf
Simone
S
D'Amato
Stefania
S
Mizuno
Yasutaka
Y
Janzon
Ragnhild
R
Petersen
Eskild
E
Kester
John
J
Steffen
Robert
R
Schlagenhauf
Patricia
P
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019049:Developed Countries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D014195:Travel