Anthropogenic and naturally occurring organobrominated compounds in two deep-sea fish species from the Mediterranean Sea.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in 15 composite liver samples from two deep-sea fish species, the hollowsnout grenadier (Trachyrinchus trachyrinchus, TT) and the roughsnout grenadier (Coelorhynchus coelorynchus, CC). Mean concentrations of sum tri- to hepta-BDEs were higher in CC species than in the TT species (16.9 vs. 4.5 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively). BDE 47 and BDE 100 were the major congeners in both species. Methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), reported as being naturally produced in marine environments, were also measured in all samples. Similar to those of PBDEs, mean concentrations of sum MeO-PBDEs (sum congeners 2'-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47) were higher in the CC species (28.9 vs 6.6 ng/g lw, respectively). Interestingly, polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs) had the highest contribution to the total load of organobromines in the deep-sea fish samples. Contraryto those of PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs, the mean concentrations of PBHDs were higher in the TT species (7040 vs. 530 ng/g lw, respectively). Furthermore, an unusual profile was seen in the TT species, for which a tetrabrominated BHD isomer was the predominant isomer (up to 98% of the sum PBHDs). This differs from the profiles of PBHDs dominated by a tribrominated BHD isomer reported until now in the literature. The mixed halogenated monoterpene (MHC-1) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) were detected as well, albeit at lower concentration (<5 ng/g lw), supporting the hypothesis that these two natural products are rather abundant in shallow waters.
Covaci
Adrian
A
Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium. adrian.covaci@ua.ac.be
Losada
Sara
S
Roosens
Laurence
L
Vetter
Walter
W
Santos
Francisco Javier
FJ
Neels
Hugo
H
Storelli
Arianna
A
Storelli
Maria M
MM
D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007536:Isomerism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity
C451679:1,2,4,5-4-bromo-5-bromomethyl-1-(E)-chlorovinyl-2,5-dichloromethylcyclohexane; D000840:Anisoles; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D008055:Lipids; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane; C484217:2,4,6-tribromoanisole