title: Critical loss of the balance between Th17 and T regulatory cell populations in pathogenic SIV infection.
abstract: Chronic immune activation and progression to AIDS are observed after SIV infection in macaques but not in natural host primate species. To better understand this dichotomy, we compared acute pathogenic SIV infection in pigtailed macaques (PTs) to non-pathogenic infection in African green monkeys (AGMs). SIVagm-infected PTs, but not SIVagm-infected AGMs, rapidly developed systemic immune activation, marked and selective depletion of IL-17-secreting (Th17) cells, and loss of the balance between Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells in blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissue. The loss of Th17 cells was found to be predictive of systemic and sustained T cell activation. Collectively, these data indicate that loss of the Th17 to Treg balance is related to SIV disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lederer
authors.forename: Bittoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.forename: Zhong-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Proll
authors.forename: Zeljka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kasakow
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mold
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Swainson
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.forename: Carole R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Ivona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pandrea
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Katze
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCune
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012367:RNA, Viral