title: Double-balloon endoscopy for retrograde cholangiography in patients with choledochojejunostomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choledochojejunal anastomoses with Roux-en-Y reconstruction excludes the biliary tract from conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with standard endoscopes due to the length of the interposed small bowel segment. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) facilitates deep insertion into the small bowel and may be used to perform ERC in these patients. In the present case series we report our experience with diagnostic and therapeutic double-balloon ERC in patients with choledochojejunostomy to a long Roux-en-Y loop previously unavailable for standard length endoscopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2004 and May 2008 15 patients (mean age: 60.2 years) with choledochojejunal anastomosis underwent a total of 25 DBE-ERC procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cannulation of the bile ducts was achieved in 22 / 25 procedures (84 %). Twenty-one therapeutic interventions, including stone removal, biliary duct dilation, stent placement and removal of previously placed stents were performed during 16 procedures in 8 patients. The mean total duration time of the procedures was 74.6 +/- 25.0 minutes. Postinterventional self-limiting fever occurred after 4 procedures in 3 patients with cholangitis. After therapeutic interventions all patients had a significant drop of bilirubin levels and all except one patient were free of complaints (follow-up 10.4 +/- 8.6 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DBE system permits diagnostic and therapeutic ERC in surgically modified anatomy, previously unavailable for endoluminal access. In our experience this procedure is safe and has a high success rate with a favourable patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dr-Horst-Schmidt-Klinik, (Medical School of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz), Wiesbaden, Germany. pohljuergen@web.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aschmoneit
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D002758:Cholangiography; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000601:surgery*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D002768:Choledochostomy; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome