title: A prospective study of postconcussive outcomes after return to play in Australian football.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decisions regarding safe return to play after concussion in sport remain difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a concussed player returned to play using an individual clinical management strategy is at risk of impaired performance or increased risk of injury or concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  All elite Australian football players were followed for 4 seasons. Players were recruited into the study after sustaining a concussive injury. Outcome measures included performance statistics (disposals per hour match-time), injury rates, and recurrence of concussion on return to play. A subset of players had brief screening cognitive tests performed at baseline and after their concussion. Noninjured players matched for team, position, age, and size were chosen as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 199 concussive injuries were observed in 158 players. Sixty-one concussive injuries were excluded from analysis because of incomplete data (45 players) or presence of concurrent injury (16 players). Of the 138 concussive injuries assessed, 127 players returned to play without missing a game (92%). The remainder of concussed players returned to play after missing a single game (8%). Overall, there was no significant decline in disposal rates in concussed players on return to competition. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in injury rates between concussed and team, position, and game-matched controls. In the subset of players who had completed screening cognitive tests, all had returned to their individual baseline performance before being returned to play.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Return to play decisions based on individual clinical assessment of recovery allows safe and appropriate return to sport following a concussive injury.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010. makdissi@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makdissi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugoni
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darby
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brukner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D001315:Australia; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult