title: Response of arginine vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion gene in the hypothalamus of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.
abstract: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the parvocellular neurosecretory cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a major role in activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is the main neuroendocrine response against the many kinds of stress. We examined the effects of chronic inflammatory/nociceptive stress on the expression of the AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion gene in the hypothalamus, using the adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. To induce AA, the AVP-eGFP rats were intracutaneously injected heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum (1 mg/rat) in paraffin liquid at the base of their tails. We measured AVP, oxytocin and corticosterone levels in plasma and changes in eGFP and CRH mRNA in the hypothalamus during the time course of AA development. Then, we examined eGFP fluorescence in the PVN, the supraoptic nucleus (SON), median eminence (ME) and posterior pituitary gland (PP) when AA was established. The plasma concentrations of AVP, oxytocin and corticosterone were significantly increased on days 15 and 22 in AA rats, without affecting the plasma osmolality and sodium. Although CRH mRNA levels in the PVN were significantly decreased, eGFP mRNA levels in the PVN and the SON were significantly increased on days 15 and 22 in AA rats. The eGFP fluorescence in the SON, the PVN, internal and external layers of the ME and PP was apparently increased in AA compared to control rats. These results suggest that the increases in the concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone in AA rats are induced by hypothalamic AVP, based on data from AVP-eGFP transgenic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dayanithi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueta
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004326:Drinking / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D055647:Rats, Transgenic; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D010121:Oxytocin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D012964:Sodium; D003345:Corticosterone