title: [Cyanosis, a clinical sign of methemoglobinemia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to present clinical and laboratory characteristics for diagnosing methemoglobinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  a retrospective revision of last 28 years medical records at the Pediatric National Institute in patients with diagnosis of methemoglobinemia. We review medical drug ingestion, symptoms, oxymetry, gasometry, blood levels of methemoglobin, treatment and evolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  five male patients an one female aged five months to 15 years were studied. Five cases were acquired and one was congenital. Cyanosis was the predominant clinical manifestation. Methemoglobin blood level was between 25 and 50%. The treatment was with intravenous methylene blue with good results in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  children with cyanosis who do not have cardiac or pulmonary disease, may have methemoglobinemia. It is necessary to know which drugs develop methemoglobinemia to make the diagnosis of congenital disease in children in order to give the early treatment.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Distrito Federal, México. derubens@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Rubens-Figueroa
authors.forename: Miriam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jiménez-González
authors.forename: Estivill Nuria
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Francisco-Revilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008708:Methemoglobinemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies