title: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) presenting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child.
abstract: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) typically presents with progressive mental deterioration, behavioral changes, and myoclonic jerks. Atypical presentations are not unknown and may result in diagnostic delays. A 9-year-old girl presented with poor balance and ataxia following an episode of upper respiratory tract infection. Neurological examination revealed mild hemiparesis and ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed scattered areas of T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in the white matter consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Despite treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasmapheresis, progressive neurological worsening occurred. Later during the course of her illness, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was suspected from the appearance of burst-suppression pattern on electroencephalogram, and the diagnosis confirmed by elevated titers of measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. Physicians taking care of children need to be aware of atypical presentations of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and must have a high index of suspicion to prevent diagnostic delays and avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Sections of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134, USA. gorayajs@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jatinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goraya
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legido
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melvin
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013344:Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology