title: Hand instrumentation versus ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical and microbiological trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) with the use of hand instruments to that of non-surgical treatment with the use of an ultrasonic device, using clinical and microbiological criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with chronic periodontitis participated in this randomized-controlled clinical trial divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received SRP with hand instruments, whereas patients in the test group received ultrasonic debridement (UD). Clinical recordings concerning probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival bleeding index were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after baseline. Subgingival samples were analysed using the "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization technique for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatments resulted in a significant improvement in all clinical recordings. Three months after treatment, a numerical decrease was observed for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola in both groups, which was statistically significant only for P. gingivalis (p<0.05). Inter-group differences were observed at 6 months for T. forsythia and T. denticola (p<0.05), favouring SRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both treatment modalities provided comparable clinical results in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. gioan@dent.auth.gr
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ioannou
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakellari
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vouros
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial