title: Immunohistochemical detection of prostate-specific antigen expression in primary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a 33-kDa serine protease that is secreted by prostatic epithelium and non-prostate tissues. Ectopic expression of PSA has also been reported in a variety of non-prostatic epithelial tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of PSA and its clinical implication were examined in a total of 422 cases of primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic reactivity to PSA was observed in 6 cases (1.4%), with the staining being to a low degree in 3 and a high degree in the remaining 3 cases. Expression of PSA was positively related to multiplicity, large tumors (> or = 3 cm) and muscle invasion (> or = pT2) (p = 0.0008, 0.004 and 0.03, respectively). Patients with tumors of low PSA expression had a better survival than those with tumors of high PSA expression (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal expression of PSA can occasionally be detected in some large, invasive urothelial cancer cells. This phenotypic change should be considered in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lower urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, ROC.
authors.forename: Jung-Chin
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chung-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Tzong-Shin
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
authors.forename: Hsiao-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nan-Haw
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Wen-Horng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen