title: Transcript levels of different cytokines and chemokines correlate with clinical and endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A definition of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult. The clinical activity index (CAI) is only an indirect assessment tool of bowel inflammation and the endoscopic activity index (EAI) sometimes cannot reflect the severity of disease to the full extent. Therefore, there is a need for an objective means to quantify inflammatory activity in mucosal biopsies. In our study, we wanted to examine the correlation between transcript levels of interleukin 8 (CXCL8), interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), myeloid-related protein 14 (calgranulin B), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 alpha (CXCL2) with CAI and EAI in UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokine and chemokine transcripts were quantified using real-time PCR in 49 mucosal biopsies from 27 different patients with UC. Cytokine transcript levels were correlated with CAI and EAI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant positive correlation between CXCL8 (r = 0.30; p < 0.05), CXCL10 (r = 0.40; p < 0.02), calgranulin B (r = 0.36; p < 0.03), CXCL2 (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CAI. Concerning EAI significant positive correlations for CXCL8 (r = 0.37; p < 0.02), CXCL10 (r = 0.33; p < 0.04), calgranulin B (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CXCL2 (r = 0.44; p < 0.05) were found. Low clinical and endoscopic activity was accompanied by low cytokine levels whereas high CAI and EAI were associated with high cytokine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our data, we conclude that real-time PCR quantification of CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 in colonic biopsies is a simple and objective method for grading inflammation of intestinal mucosa in UC. CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 might be used as biomarkers and thus as an objective tool especially in clinical trials to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. alexandra.zahn@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahn
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karner
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stremmel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehehalt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D040502:Calgranulin B; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012333:RNA, Messenger