title: Whites and African-Americans in headache specialty clinics respond equally well to treatment.
abstract: This study sought to determine if Whites and African-Americans respond similarly to headache treatment administered in 'real-world' headache specialty treatment clinics. Using a naturalistic, longitudinal design, 284 patients receiving treatment for headache disorders completed 30-day daily diaries that assessed headache frequency and severity at pretreatment and 6-month follow-up and also provided data on their headache disability and quality of life at pretreatment and 1-, 2- and 6-month follow-up. Controlling for socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidity, hierarchical linear models found that African-Americans and Whites reported significant reductions in headache frequency and disability and improvements in life quality over the 6-month treatment period. African-Americans, unlike Whites, also reported significant decreases in headache severity. Nevertheless, Africans-Americans had significantly more frequent and disabling headaches and lower quality of life after treatment relative to Whites. Although Whites and African Americans responded favourably to headache treatments, more efficacious treatments are needed given the elevated level of headache frequency that remained in both racial groups following treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA. heckmanb@ohiou.edu
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Holroyd
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tietjen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Himawan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Utley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watakakosol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stillman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics