title: Development and validation of a cardiac findings checklist for use with simulator-based assessments of cardiac physical examination competence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective outcome measures for use with simulator-based assessments of cardiac physical examination competence are lacking. The current study describes the development and validation of an approach to scoring performance using a cardiac findings checklist.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cardiac findings checklist was developed and implemented for use with a simulator-based assessment of cardiac physical examination competence at a Canadian national specialty examination in internal medicine. Candidate performance as measured using the checklist was compared with global ratings of clinical performance on the cardiac patient simulator and with overall examination performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interrater reliability for scoring the checklist ranged from 0.95 for scoring correct findings to 0.72 for scoring incorrect findings. A summary checklist score had a Pearson correlation of 0.60 with overall candidate performance on the simulator-based station.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a cardiac findings checklist provides one objective measure of cardiac physical examination competence that may be used with simulator-based assessments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia (R.H., B.K.), Vancouver, BC, Canada. rhatala@mac.com
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatala
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scalese
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacchus
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kassen
authors.forename: S Barry
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Issenberg
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome