title: Effects of temperature on metal tolerance and the accumulation of Zn and Pb by metal-tolerant fungi isolated from urban runoff treatment wetlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of two fungi to accumulate Zn and Pb, the effect of temperature on their metal tolerance and possible mechanisms involved in metal accumulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beauveria bassiana and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from constructed wetlands receiving urban runoff were grown in modified glycerol asparagine medium containing elevated levels of Zn and Pb at 30 degrees C. Beauveria bassiana accumulated up to 0.64% of available Zn and 8.44% of Pb. The corresponding values for R. mucilaginosa were up to 2.05% for Zn and 16.55% for Pb. Radial growth of colonies grown at 4 degrees and 30 degrees C on agar containing Zn or Pb indicated that metal tolerance was not seriously affected by a decrease in temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and emission dispersion x-ray spectrophotometry suggested that the mechanism of resistance in B. bassiana may be associated with the precipitation of Pb (possibly in the form of oxalates).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The processes of biosorption could potentially occur throughout the year with both living and dead cells able to accumulate metals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identified precipitation processes could be an important mechanism in metal removal in wetland substrates serving as long-term storage sinks.
authors.affiliation: Urban Pollution Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, UK. d.purchase@mdx.ac.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purchase
authors.forename: L N L
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Scholes
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Revitt
authors.forename: R B E
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shutes
mesh_terms: D052982:Beauveria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013696:Temperature; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D053833:Wetlands; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc