title: Barriers to clopidogrel adherence following placement of drug-eluting stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonadherence to clopidogrel after drug-eluting stent (DES) placement is associated with in-stent thrombosis and adverse cardiac events.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the incidence of and barriers associated with nonadherence to clopidogrel in patients receiving DES.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who received a DES between March 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005, from a single academic medical center were eligible. Telephone interviews were conducted 6 or more months following discharge. Nonadherence was defined as premature discontinuation of or less than 80% adherence to clopidogrel. Patients were asked to identify barriers to adherence. Differences between adherent and nonadherent patients were analyzed using chi(2) and t-test analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 674 patients identified, 257 (38%) participated. The nonadherence rate was 20%. The majority (58%) of nonadherent patients discontinued therapy prematurely. Patients identified the main reason for discontinuation as medical barriers (18.56%), including perceived adverse effects (9.28%). The incidence of rash was higher in patients who were nonadherent (12% vs 4%; p = 0.049). Overall, 49% of patients recalled receiving discharge counseling regarding adverse effects. A financial barrier was identified by 22 (42%) patients in the nonadherent and 73 (36%) in the adherent group, of whom 64% and 52%, respectively, reported having insurance coverage for medications. Adherent patients reported higher copays ($29.69 vs $18.14; p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective studies should be conducted to aid in identifying patients at risk for nonadherence and possible in-stent thrombosis in order to identify interventions to improve adherence.
authors.affiliation: South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. mjpallares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pallares
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zwerner
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nappi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin