title: Breastfeeding in America: a history of influencing factors.
abstract: The author explores the history of breastfeeding in America. Popular belief is that medicine, science, and the formula industry have had the most impact on women's decisions to bottle versus breastfeed. What cannot be overlooked are other areas of influence. Cultural practices, including the beliefs of colonial Americans, the increased social value of children in the 20th century, and the emergence of a middle class, have influenced maternal decision making. The first and second waves of feminism affected women's choices. Politics and religion have had multiple and varied influences. It is this author's position that culture, gender, politics, and religion, as well as medicine, science, and industry, have combined to affect feeding choices. All of these influences, as well as others, both unforeseen and unpredictable, will continue to affect the future of breastfeeding in our society.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thulier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000453:epidemiology; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D019513:Feminism / Q000266:history; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000266:history; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology