title: Thoracic epidural analgesia in post-thoracotomy patients: comparison of three different concentrations of levobupivacaine and sufentanil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relative effects of dosage, volume and concentration of local anaesthetics used for postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia are still under debate. In this randomized, prospective, double-blinded study, we evaluated the incidence of side-effects such as changes in arterial pressure, postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus in patients admitted for thoracic surgery during continuous thoracic epidural infusion using levobupivacaine and sufentanil mixture in three different volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 150 patients who underwent thoracotomy with a thoracic epidural catheter placed between T4 and T7. The patients were randomized into three groups which received 10 mg h(-1) of levobupivacaine at three different concentrations (0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.15%), in combination with sufentanil at 2.6 microg h(-1). Haemodynamic effects, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, sensory and motor block, pain score, additional analgesic requirement, sedation, and patient satisfaction were registered immediately after the surgical operation and on the first, second, and third postoperative days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not detect any differences in the incidence of side-effects such as changes in arterial pressure, and also postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. The three groups were also similar with regard to patient characteristics, sensory and motor block, pain score, analgesic rescue dose, sedation, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The same dose of a mixture of levobupivacaine and sufentanil administered in three different volumes and concentrations during continuous thoracic epidural infusion for thoracotomy provided an equal incidence of adverse haemodynamic effects, nausea, vomiting, or pruritus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, SCDU Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 1, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont A. Avogadro, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oldani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cecci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaschetto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Corte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine