title: Analyses of microbial consortia in the starter of Fen Liquor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the microbial diversity in the starter of Fen Liquor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plate method was used to enumerate the micro-organisms; meanwhile, the 16S rDNA of bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer of fungi were used to determine microbial diversity. Several genera were accordingly identified. Among the bacteria, Lactobacillales and Actinomycetales were detected only on the surface of the starter, whereas Bacillales was dominant within the starter. Among the fungi, Saccharomycopsis and Issatchenkia were the main genera in surface and interior starter, respectively; in addition, Thermomyces was found in interior starter, while other species of fungi were detected on the surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The culture-dependent and polymerase chain reaction-based methods revealed the significant microbial diversity in different locations in the starter of Fen Liquor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to identify the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the starter of Fen Liquor using both traditional and molecular methods; it is also the first to compare the microbial diversity on the surface of starter with that in the interior. The results enrich our knowledge on liquor-related micro-organisms, and can be used to promote the development of the traditional fermentation technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Y-P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: X-R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: E-B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000382:microbiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000032:analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D005285:Fermentation; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S