[Problems of chemicoanalytical studies in the hygienic assessment of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies].
By now the hygienic assessment of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and the evaluation of their safety to human health in full measure present a challenging task. The major complexities are associated with the small sizes of particles of structural constituents, the high extent of phase boundaries and interface, the possibility of forming metastable, so far unstudied phases, high reactivity, etc. In some cases, the physicochemical features of nanomaterials keep the existing study methods from being used; and some procedures require major modifications or development. At the same time, the existing physicochemical analytical methods that are aimed at determining substances at the level of microconcentrations, the sensitivity of which meets hygienic standards requirements may be used to evaluate the efficiency of nanotechnologies. Spectral analytical tests, such as atomic emission and atomic absorption analyses that determine as many as 80 elements of the Periodic System on present-day spectrometers, as well as ultraviolet, infrared, optical, microwave, and radiospectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, high-resolution electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray and ultraviolet photospectroscopies, and Auger spectroscopy, may be employed to determine the elemental composition of nanomaterials and the sizes and surface of particles.
Malysheva
A G
AG
D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*