title: Dr Adam Zamenhof (1888-1940) and his insight into ophthalmology.
abstract: Adam Zamenhof was greatly influenced by his father, Ludwik Zamenhof, who designed the international language Esperanto. Like his father, he became an ophthalmologist and joined the Esperanto movement. He published in the field of ophthalmology and was soon chosen as head of an ophthalmology department. He subsequently became Chief of the Orthodox Jewish Hospital at Czystem in Warsaw. He was active in the leadership of the Bialystok-Warsaw Chamber of Medical Doctors. He perished in the Nazi Holocaust (Shoah) but all Zamenhof's ideals that Adam served as a doctor and social activist remain still alive.
authors.affiliation: Department of History of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. ruahpolin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wincewicz
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulkowska
authors.forename: E James
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sulkowski
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D011044:Poland