title: Transporter molecules influence the gene expression in HeLa cells.
abstract: Progresses in biology and pharmacology led to highly specific bioactive substances, but their poor bioavailability at the site of action is a result of their physico-chemical properties. Various design approaches for transport carrier molecules facilitating the cellular entry of bioactive substances could help to reach their molecular target in cells and tissues. The transfer efficacy and the subsequent pharmacological effects of the cargo molecules are well investigated, but the investigations of effects of the carrier molecules themselves on the target cells or tissues remain necessary. A special attention should be paid to the differential gene expression, particularly in the interpretation of the data achieved by highly specific active pharmaceutical products. After application of transmembrane transport peptides, particularly the pAnt and also the HIV-1 Tat, cells respond with a conspicuous altered gene expression of at least three genes. The PKN1 gene was induced and two genes (ZCD1 and BSG) were slightly repressed. The genes and the chromosomes are described, the moderate differential gene expression graphed, and the ontology is listed.
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center, Division of Biophysics of Macromolecules, INF 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldeck
authors.forename: Ruediger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pipkorn
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiessler
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Didinger
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D019295:Computational Biology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; C497886:BSG protein, human; C525595:CISD1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C422951:tat peptide (48-60), Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D051926:Basigin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C414409:penetratin; C061570:protein kinase N; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C032976:N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide