title: Effects of phenol and natural phenolic compounds on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: A biofilm is formed as a result of adhesion of microorganisms to various surfaces with the production of extracellular polymers (polysaccharides and proteins). Biofilms cause serious problems in the chemical, medical and pharmaceutical industries. Recent findings indicate that some natural phenolic compounds found in plants have an anti-biofouling effect on biofilm formation by Gram-negative bacteria. The anti-biofouling activities of 14 selected phenol and natural phenolic compounds were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a microtiter-plate. A modified microtiter-plate assay was used because it enabled indirect measurement of bacterial cells attached to the surface of the wells. This assay involved fixing the bacterial film with methanol, staining with crystal violet dye and then releasing the bound dye with 33% glacial acetic acid. The optical density (OD) of the solution was measured at 570 nm by using an automated ICN Flow Titertek Multiscan Plus reader. Phenol and natural phenolic compounds except ethyl linoleate and tocopherol showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. dong.kim@utoledo.edu
authors.forename: Sumitkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jagani
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chelikani
authors.forename: Dong-Shik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D019800:Phenol