title: Severe traumatic brain injury: is there a gender difference in mortality?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emerging evidence suggests that male and female nervous systems respond differently to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this study was to examine outcomes between the sexes after TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all severe TBI patients admitted between January and December 2005 was performed. Isolated severe TBI was defined as a head abbreviated injury score greater than 3 with an abbreviated injury score of 3 or less for other anatomic regions. The population was stratified into age subgroups (<14 y, 14-44 y, 45-54 y, and > or =55 y). Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,807 TBI patients were admitted. The mortality was significantly higher for women (43.2% vs 36.2%, P < .01) with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.9, P < .05). After stratification, only women age 55 and older had a significant difference in mortality (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.62, P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female sex (particularly those age > or =55 y) is associated independently with higher mortality in isolated severe TBI. This increased mortality of postmenopausal women after isolated TBI may suggest a hormonal influence and warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma, Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ottochian
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Cherisse
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Margulies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors