Evaluation of the implementation of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
This paper aims to provide insight into nursing classifications and to report the effects of nursing diagnostics implementation. This paper summarizes the results of six studies.


METHODS
Two systematic reviews, instrument development and testing, a pre-post intervention study, and a cluster-randomized trial were performed.


RESULTS
The NANDA International classification met most of the literature-based classification criteria, and results showed the Quality of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) to be a reliable instrument to measure the documented quality of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Implementation of standardized nursing language significantly improved the quality of documented nursing diagnoses, related interventions, and patient outcomes. As a follow-up measure, Guided Clinical Reasoning (GCR) was effective in supporting nurses' clinical reasoning skills.


CONCLUSIONS
Carefully implementing classifications led to enhanced, accurately stated nursing diagnoses, more effective nursing interventions, and better patient outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Rethinking implementation methods for standardized language and using GCR is recommended. Based on the results of this study, the inclusion of NANDA International diagnoses with related interventions and outcomes in electronic health records is suggested.
Müller-Staub
Maria
M
Pflege PBS, Selzach, Switzerland. muellerstaub@me.com
D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D009731:Nursing Audit; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009737:Nursing Records / Q000592:standards; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design; D013557:Switzerland; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013850:Thinking; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled