Maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy.
Sufficient uteroplacental blood flow is essential for normal pregnancy outcome and is accomplished by the coordinated growth and remodeling of the entire uterine circulation, as well as the creation of a new fetal vascular organ: the placenta. The process of remodeling involves a number of cellular processes, including hyperplasia and hypertrophy, rearrangement of existing elements, and changes in extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide information on uterine blood flow increases during pregnancy, the influence of placentation type on the distribution of uterine vascular resistance, consideration of the patterns, nature, and extent of maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy, and what is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms.
Osol
George
G
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA. George.Osol@uvm.edu
Mandala
Maurizio
M
D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*