title: Volatile composition of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: A total of 88 volatile and semi-volatile components were formally or tentatively identified in flowers, leaves and stems of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (cv. Little Bright Eye), by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and by dichloromethane extraction, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These include some diterpenic compounds (manool and manoyl oxides), a sesquiterpen (alpha-bisabolol), and some pyridine, pyrazine, indol and carotenoid derivatives. Applying multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchic cluster analysis) to the HS-SPME-GC-MS data, it was possible to characterize each part of the vegetal material using a relative small number of compounds. Hence, flowers were richer in terpenic molecules (including limonene), alpha-bisabolol, methyljasmonate, cis-jasmone, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, trans-2-octenal, benzylic alcohol and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine. Leaves can be characterized by the methyl and propyl esters of fatty acids, mono- and disaturated, trans-phytol, carotenoid derivative compounds, hydrofarnesylacetone, methylanthranilate, manool and epi-manool oxide, while stems have high levels of volatile aldehydes, such as hexanal, octanal, cis-2-nonenal, cis-2-decenal, cis, trans-2,6-nonadienal, trans, trans-2,4-decadienal and cis, trans-2,4-decadienal. Dichloromethane extraction allowed also the identification of some alkaloid-like compounds that were not detected by HS-SPME.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/Serviço de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal. pguedes@ff.up.pt
authors.forename: P Guedes
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: De Pinho
authors.forename: Rui F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentão
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Seabra
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sottomayor
mesh_terms: D030008:Catharanthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D008752:Methylene Chloride