title: Sex differences in anthropometric and cephalometric characteristics in the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Craniofacial anatomic abnormalities related to structural narrowing of the upper airway have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The purpose of this study was to test whether there are sex differences in the relative contributions of specific anthropometric and cephalometric measurements of OSAS severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were Taiwanese patients who visited the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of National Taiwan University Hospital with complaints of snoring or sleep apnea. The anthropometric, cephalometric, and overnight polysomnographic records of 109 subjects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are obvious sex differences in the craniofacial skeletal characteristics that contribute to OSAS severity. Male patients with the following risk factors are likely to have more severe type OSAS: increased neck size, inferiorly positioned hyoid bone, and greater anterior lower facial height. The risk factors related to the severity of OSAS in female patients include smaller posterior facial height and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To evaluate OSAS severity, different anthropometric and cephalometric measurements should be used for men and women. The craniofacial skeletal characteristics that contribute to OSAS severity were in the anterior lower portion of the profile in men and in the posterior portion of the profile in women.
authors.affiliation: College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Huey
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ching-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Pei-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002508:Cephalometry; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012119:Respiration; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000473:pathology; D013624:Taiwan; D014716:Vertical Dimension