title: Kinematic analysis of articulatory coupling in acquired apraxia of speech post-stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electromagnetic articulography was employed to investigate the strength of articulatory coupling and hence the degree of functional movement independence between individual articulators in apraxia of speech (AOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tongue-tip, tongue-back and jaw movement was recorded from five speakers with AOS and a concomitant aphasia (M = 53.6 years; SD = 12.60) during /ta, sa, la, ka/ syllable repetitions, spoken at typical and fast rates of speech. Covariance values were calculated for each articulatory pair to gauge the strength of articulatory coupling. The results obtained for each of the participants with AOS were individually compared to those obtained by a control group (n = 12; M = 52.08 years; SD = 12.52). Comparisons were made between the typical rate productions of the control group and the typical and fast rate productions of the participants with AOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the control group, four speakers with AOS exhibited significantly stronger articulatory coupling for alveolar and/or velar speech targets, during typical and/or fast rate conditions, suggesting decreased functional movement independence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in functional movement independence might have reflected an attempt to simplify articulatory control or a decrease in the ability to differentially control distinct articulatory regions.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072. c.bartle@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bartle-Meyer
authors.forename: Justine V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goozée
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Jordan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001072:Apraxias / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology