title: Cross-cultural reading the mind in the eyes: an fMRI investigation.
abstract: The ability to infer others' thoughts, intentions, and feelings is regarded as uniquely human. Over the last few decades, this remarkable ability has captivated the attention of philosophers, primatologists, clinical and developmental psychologists, anthropologists, social psychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. Most would agree that the capacity to reason about others' mental states is innately prepared, essential for successful human social interaction. Whether this ability is culturally tuned, however, remains entirely uncharted on both the behavioral and neural levels. Here we provide the first behavioral and neural evidence for an intracultural advantage (better performance for same- vs. other-culture) in mental state decoding in a sample of native Japanese and white American participants. We examined the neural correlates of this intracultural advantage using fMRI, revealing greater bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci recruitment during same- versus other-culture mental state decoding in both cultural groups. These findings offer preliminary support for cultural consistency in the neurological architecture subserving high-level mental state reasoning, as well as its differential recruitment based on cultural group membership.
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. radams@psu.edu
authors.forename: Reginald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Nicholas O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Rule
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Elsie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Mitsue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kestutis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kveraga
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambady
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012938:Social Perception; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D056345:Theory of Mind / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult