title: Assessment of hypoxia in human cervical carcinoma xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with advanced cervical cancer and highly hypoxic primary tumors show increased frequency of locoregional treatment failure and poor disease-free and overall survival rates. The potential usefulness of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in assessing tumor hypoxia noninvasively was investigated in the present preclinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  CK-160 and TS-415 human cervical carcinoma xenografts transplanted intramuscularly (i.m.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) in BALB/c nu/nu mice were subjected to DCE-MRI and measurement of fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells. Tumor images of K(trans) (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DTPA) and v(e) (the extracellular volume fraction of the imaged tissue) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis of the DCE-MRI data. Fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells was measured by using the paired survival curve method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells differed significantly among the four tumor groups. The mean values +/- SE were determined to be 44% +/- 7% (i.m. CK-160), 77% +/- 10% (s.c. CK-160), 23% +/- 5% (i.m. TS-415), and 52% +/- 6% (s.c. TS-415). The four tumor groups differed significantly also in K(trans), and there was an unambiguous inverse relationship between K(trans) and fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells. On the other hand, significant differences among the groups in v(e) could not be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study supports the clinical development of DCE-MRI as a method for assessing the extent of hypoxia in carcinoma of the cervix.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
authors.forename: Tormod A M
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Egeland
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulliksrud
authors.forename: Jon-Vidar
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gaustad
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: Einar K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rofstad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA