title: A comparison of global rating scale and checklist scores in the validation of an evaluation tool to assess performance in the resuscitation of critically ill patients during simulated emergencies (abbreviated as "CRM simulator study IB").
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crisis resource management (CRM) skills are a set of nonmedical skills required to manage medical emergencies. There is currently no gold standard for evaluation of CRM performance. A prior study examined the use of a global rating scale (GRS) to evaluate CRM performance. This current study compared the use of a GRS and a checklist as formal rating instruments to evaluate CRM performance during simulated emergencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-year and third-year residents participated in two simulator scenarios each. Three raters then evaluated resident performance in CRM using edited video recordings using both a GRS and a checklist. The Ottawa GRS provides a seven-point anchored ordinal scale for performance in five categories of CRM, and an overall performance score. The Ottawa CRM checklist provides 12 items in the five categories of CRM, with a maximum cumulative score of 30 points. Construct validity was measured on the basis of content validity, response process, internal structure, and response to other variables. T-test analysis of Ottawa GRS scores was conducted to examine response to the variable of level of training. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores were used to measure inter-rater reliability for both scenarios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two first-year and 28 third-year residents participated in the study. Third-year residents produced higher mean scores for overall CRM performance than first-year residents (P < 0.05), and in all individual categories within the Ottawa GRS (P < 0.05) and the Ottawa CRM checklist (P < 0.05). This difference was noted for both scenarios and for each individual rater (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in resident scores was observed between scenarios for both instruments. ICC scores of 0.59 and 0.61 were obtained for Scenarios 1 and 2 with the Ottawa GRS, whereas ICC scores of 0.63 and 0.55 were obtained with the Ottawa CRM checklist. Users indicated a strong preference for the Ottawa GRS given ease of scoring, presence of an overall score, and the potential for formative evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Construct validity seems to be present when using both the Ottawa GRS and CRM checklist to evaluate CRM performance during simulated emergencies. Data also indicate the presence of moderate inter-rater reliability when using both the Ottawa GRS and CRM checklist.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine (J.M.), University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital, Gloucester, ON, Canada. jkim@aserty.com
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neilipovitz
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardinal
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*