title: Single walled carbon nanotube reactivity and cytotoxicity following extended aqueous exposure.
abstract: Globally carbon nanoparticles are increasingly utilized, yet it is not known if these nanoparticles pose a threat to the environment or human health. This investigation examined 'as-prepared', and acid cleaned carbon nanoparticle physicochemical characteristics (by FTIR, TEM, FESEM, UV-VIS and X-ray microanalysis), and whether these characteristics changed following 2.5-7yr exposure to pH neutral saline or fresh water. To determine if these aqueous aged nanotubes were cytotoxic, these nanotubes were incubated with human epithelial monolayers and analyzed for cell viability (vital staining) and ultrastructural nanoparticle binding/localization (TEM, FESEM). The presence of Ni and Y catalyst, was less damaging to cells than CNT lattice surface oxidation. Extended fresh water storage of oxidized CNTs did not reduce surface reactive groups, nor lessen cell membrane destruction or cell death. However storing oxidized CNTs in saline or NOM significantly reduced CNT-induced cell membrane damage and increased cell survival to control levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Sciences and Technology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. bpanessa@bnl.gov
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Panessa-Warren
authors.forename: Mathew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maye
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Kenya M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Crosson
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008168:Lung / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical