title: The radical trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide exerts dose-dependent protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through preservation of mitochondrial electron transport.
abstract: Free radicals are important mediators of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nitrone spin traps have been shown to scavenge free radicals. The cardioprotective effect of the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), was investigated in an isolated heart model of global ischemia and reperfusion. Rat hearts were perfused and subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion with four treatment groups of varying DMPO concentration (0.5-10 mM) administered before induction of ischemia. DMPO treatment improved the recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and coronary flow over the 30-min period of reperfusion compared with untreated hearts. Enhanced recovery was observed for all doses studied but was highest with 1 mM treatment with 2.4-fold higher recovery of LV developed pressure and 37% reduction in infarct size. Superoxide was measured by tissue fluorometry using the O(2)* probe hydroethidine. Hearts treated with 1 mM DMPO showed a significant reduction in O(2)* production compared with control hearts both over the first 5 min of ischemia and upon reperfusion after 30 min of global ischemia. Studies of mitochondrial function demonstrated that 1 mM DMPO increased the recovery of function of complexes I, II/III, and IV after 30 min of reperfusion. Immunoblotting with antibodies against complexes I, II, and IV further revealed marked up-regulation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that DMPO prevents their ischemic degradation via scavenging oxygen radicals generated during ischemia/reperfusion. Thus, DMPO functions as a protective agent against ischemic and postischemic injury via radical scavenging, conferring robust dose-dependent protection with salvage of mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Yeong-Renn
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Levy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Hsin-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chwen-Lih
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Villamena
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zweier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004579:Electron Transport; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide