title: Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency: clinical and laboratory investigation of 13 subjects in mainland of China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a novel inborn error of metabolism due to dysfunction of citrin protein, and much more information about this new disease is still needed for its clinical management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in detail the clinical and laboratory features of NICCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 NICCD subjects in mainland of China diagnosed in our department since 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anthropometric parameters of the patients at birth were compared with controls, representative biochemical changes and metabolome findings were investigated cross-sectionally, and mutations in the causative gene SLC25A13 were analyzed by protocols established previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients showed reduced birth weight, length and ponderal index. Main clinical manifestations consisted of jaundice, hepato/hepatosplenomegaly and steatohepatosis on ultrasonography. Biochemical analysis revealed intrahepatic cholestasis, delayed switch of AFP to albumin, and elevated triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol together with reduced HDL-cholesterol. Metabolome findings included co-existence of markers for galactosemia and tyrosinemia in urine, and elevated Cit, Met, Thr, Tyr, Lys, Arg and Orn in blood. Mutations of 851-854del, IVS6+5G>A, 1638-1660dup, A541D, IVS16ins3kb, R319X and G333D were detected in the gene SLC25A13.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of NICCD cannot be established based just on the numerous but non-specific clinical manifestations and biochemical changes. The relatively specific metabolome features provide valuable tools for its screening and diagnosis, while SLC25A13 mutation analysis should be taken as one of the reliable tools for the definitive diagnosis. The body proportionality at birth, steatohepatosis on ultrasonography, delayed switch of AFP to albumin, dyslipidemia pattern, urinary metabolome features and the novel mutation G333D expanded the clinical spectrum of NICCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China. songyuanzong@tom.com
authors.forename: Y-Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: B-X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: F-P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S-R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ushikai
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z-N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saheki
authors.forename: X-Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C119629:SLC25A13 protein, human; C008822:citrin