title: Passive mechanical properties of gastrocnemius in people with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence to suggest that contractile properties of muscles in people with multiple sclerosis change as a consequence of demyelination in central nervous system. However, passive properties of muscles in people with multiple sclerosis have not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to characterise passive mechanical properties of gastrocnemius in people with multiple sclerosis and to compare these properties with those of gastrocnemius in neurologically normal people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten people with multiple sclerosis having signs and symptoms of weakness in the legs (Disease step 1-3) and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy people participated in the study. Ultrasound images of muscle fascicles of medial gastrocnemius as well as passive ankle torque and ankle angle data were obtained simultaneously as the ankle was rotated through its full range with the knee in a range of positions. Analysis of ultrasound images and passive ankle torque-angle relations allowed us to derive the slack lengths and maximal strains of whole muscle-tendon units, muscle fascicles and tendons. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare these variables in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between subjects with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls in the mean slack lengths and mean maximal strains of the whole muscle-tendon units or of their fascicles or tendons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggests that typically, in people with multiple sclerosis who have impaired lower limbs but are still ambulatory, the passive mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscles are normal.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Cnr. Barker Street and Easy Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Saboisky
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gandevia
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018908:Muscle Weakness; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019415:Torque