title: Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-infected men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunological similarities have been noted between HIV-infected individuals and older HIV-negative adults. Immunologic alterations with aging have been noted in frailty in older adults, a clinical syndrome of high risk for mortality and other adverse outcomes. Using a frailty-related phenotype (FRP), we investigated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study whether progressive deterioration of the immune system among HIV-positive individuals independently predicts onset of FRP.
  
  
  METHODS
  FRP was evaluated semiannually in 1046 HIV-infected men from 1994 to 2005. CD4 T-cell count and plasma viral load were evaluated as predictors of FRP by logistic regression (generalized estimating equations), adjusting for age, ethnicity, educational level, AIDS status, and treatment era [pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1994-1995) and HAART (1996-1999 and 2000-2005)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted prevalences of FRP remained low for CD4 T-cell counts >400 cells per cubic millimeter and increased exponentially and significantly for lower counts. Results were unaffected by treatment era. After 1996, CD4 T-cell count, but not plasma viral load, was independently associated with FRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4 T-cell count predicted the development of a FRP among HIV-infected men, independent of HAART use. This suggests that compromise of the immune system in HIV-infected individuals contributes to the systemic physiologic dysfunction of frailty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. desquilbet@agroparistech.fr
authors.forename: Loic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desquilbet
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Margolick
authors.forename: Linda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Phair
authors.forename: Beth D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Marcy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load