title: Comparing the optimal signal conditions for recording cubic and quadratic distortion product otoacoustic emissions.
abstract: Odd- and even-order distortion products (DPs), evoked by two primary tones (f(1),f(2),f(1)<f(2)), represent different aspects of cochlear nonlinearity. The cubic and quadratic difference tones (CDT 2f(1)-f(2) and QDT f(2)-f(1)) are prominent representatives of the odd and even DPs. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured within a primary level (L(1),L(2)) space over a wide range of f(2)f(1) ratios to compare the optimal signal conditions for these DPs. For CDT, the primary level difference decreased as L(1) increased with a rate proportional to the f(2)f(1) ratio. Moreover, the optimal ratio increased with L(1). A set of two formulas is proposed to describe the optimal signal conditions. However, for a given level of a primary, increasing the other tone level could maximize the QDT amplitude. The frequency ratio at the maximal QDT was about 1.3 and quite constant across different primary levels. A notch was found in the QDT amplitude at the f(2)f(1) ratio of about 1.22-1.25. These opposite behaviors suggest that the optimal recording conditions are different for CDT and QDT due to the different aspects in the cochlear nonlinearity. Optimizing the DPOAE recordings could improve the reliability in clinical or research practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Auditory Physiology Lab, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-0102, USA. lin.bian@asu.edu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Shixiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult