title: Chmp 1A is a mediator of the anti-proliferative effects of all-trans retinoic acid in human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently have shown that Charged multivesicular protein/Chromatin modifying protein1A (Chmp1A) functions as a tumor suppressor in human pancreatic tumor cells. Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis of all cancers with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Preclinical studies using ATRA for treating human pancreatic cancer suggest this compound might be useful for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism by which ATRA inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells is not clear. The objective of our study was to investigate whether Chmp1A is involved in ATRA-mediated growth inhibition of human pancreatic tumor cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed microarray studies using HEK 293T cells and discovered that Chmp1A positively regulated Cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP-1). CRBP-1 is a key regulator of All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) through ATRA metabolism and nuclear localization. Since our microarray data indicates a potential involvement of Chmp1A in ATRA signaling, we tested this hypothesis by treating pancreatic tumor cells with ATRA in vitro. In the ATRA-responsive cell lines, ATRA significantly increased the protein expression of Chmp1A, CRBP-1, P53 and phospho-P53 at serine 15 and 37 position. We found that knockdown of Chmp1A via shRNA abolished the ATRA-mediated growth inhibition of PanC-1 cells. Also, Chmp1A silencing diminished the increase of Chmp1A, P53 and phospho-P53 protein expression induced by ATRA. In the ATRA non-responsive cells, ATRA did not have any effect on the protein level of Chmp1A and P53. Chmp1A over-expression, however, induced growth inhibition of ATRA non-responsive cells, which was accompanied by an increase of Chmp1A, P53 and phospho-P53. Interestingly, in ATRA responsive cells Chmp1A is localized to the nucleus, which became robust upon ATRA treatment. In the ATRA-non-responsive cells, Chmp1A was mainly translocated to the plasma membrane upon ATRA treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively our data provides evidence that Chmp1A mediates the growth inhibitory activity of ATRA in human pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of CRBP-1. Our results also suggest that nuclear localization of Chmp1A is important in mediating ATRA signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington WV 25755, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Kayla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belogortseva
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niles
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boskovic
authors.forename: Hanh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: Maiyon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: C443709:CHMP1A protein, human; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin