title: Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 localizes to cyto-membrane and is required for B16F1 melanoma cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a member of the novel phosphatases of regenerating liver family, characterized by one protein tyrosine phosphatase active domain and a C-terminal prenylation (CCVM) motif. Though widely proposed to facilitate metastasis in many cancer types, PRL-3's cellular localization and the function of its CCVM motif in metastatic process remain unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, a series of Myc tagged PRL-3 wild type or mutant plasmids were expressed in B16F1 melanoma cells to investigate the relationship between PRL-3's cellular localization and metastasis. With immuno-fluorescence microcopy and cell adhesion/migration assay in vitro, and an experimental passive metastasis model in vivo, we found that CCVM motif is critical for the localization of PRL-3 on cell plasma membrane and the lung metastasis of melanoma. In particular, Cystine170 is the key site for prenylation in this process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cellular localization of PRL-3 is highly correlated with its function in tumor metastasis, and inhibition of PRL-3 prenylation might be a new approach to cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yu-Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Shao-Xian
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054876:Prenylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C484730:PTP4A3 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases