title: Anatomical feasibility of transferring supinator motor  branches to the posterior interosseous nerve in C7-T1  brachial plexus palsies.   Laboratory investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In C7-T1 palsies of the brachial plexus, shoulder and elbow function is preserved, but finger motion is absent. Finger flexion has been reconstructed using tendon or nerve transfers. Finger extension has been restored ineffectively by attaching the extensor tendons to the distal side of the dorsal radius (that is, tenodesis). In these types of nerve palsy, supinator muscle function is preserved because innervation stems from the C-6 root. In the present study, the authors investigated the anatomy and the feasibility of transferring the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve. Sacrifice of the supinator motor branches does not abolish supination because biceps muscle function is preserved in lower-type injuries of the brachial plexus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The posterior interosseous nerve was dissected in 20 formalin-fixed forearms. Through posterior forearm access, the posterior interosseous nerve and its motor branches to the supinator muscle were dissected. Specimens were removed for histological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the vicinity of the supinator muscle's proximal margin (that is, the Frohse arcade), 2 nerve branches arose laterally and medially from the posterior interosseous nerve to innervate the superficial and deep heads of the supinator muscle, respectively. The supinator motor nerves, when divided, could be coapted directly to the posterior interosseous nerve. The number of myelinated fibers in the supinator motor branches corresponded to 70% that of the posterior interosseous nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supinator motor nerves can be transferred directly to the posterior interosseous nerve to restore thumb and finger extension in patients with C7-T1 brachial plexus lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Brazil. bertelli@matrix.com.br
authors.forename: Jayme Augusto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kechele
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Besen
authors.forename: Hamilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005542:Forearm / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae