title: Impact of early childhood adversities on adult psychiatric disorders: a study of international adoptees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated international adoptees who were taken out of their problematic environments as a consequence of their adoption to determine the effects of early adversities on adult psychiatric disorders, and to study whether these effects emerged de novo after childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,364 adoptees (63.5% of the baseline sample) were followed. Parents provided information about early adversities prior to adoption, and mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. In adulthood, adoptees completed a standardized interview, generating DSM-IV diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who experienced multiple adversities had an increased risk of having anxiety disorders (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.11-4.45), mood disorders (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.00-4.86) or substance abuse/dependence (OR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.62-8.98) in adulthood. Several effects remained significant after correction for mental health problems in childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe early adversities increase the risk of adult psychopathology, even when children are taken out of their problematic environments. Results suggest that psychiatric disorders may arise de novo after childhood due to early experiences.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van der Vegt
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tieman
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ferdinand
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology