title: A required course in the development, implementation, and evaluation of clinical pharmacy services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop, implement, and assess a required pharmacy practice course to prepare pharmacy students to develop, implement, and evaluate clinical pharmacy services using a business plan model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Course content centered around the process of business planning and pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Selected business planning topics included literature evaluation, mission statement development, market evaluation, policy and procedure development, and marketing strategy. Selected pharmacoeconomic topics included cost-minimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Assessment methods included objective examinations, student participation, performance on a group project, and peer evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-three students were enrolled in the course. The mean scores on the objective examinations (100 points per examination) ranged from 82 to 85 points, with 25%-35% of students in the class scoring over 90, and 40%-50% of students scoring from 80 to 89. The mean scores on the group project (200 points) and classroom participation (50 points) were 183.5 and 46.1, respectively. The mean score on the peer evaluation was 30.8, with scores ranging from 27.5 to 31.7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The course provided pharmacy students with the framework necessary to develop and implement evidence-based disease management programs and to assure efficient, cost-effective utilization of pertinent resources in the provision of patient care.
authors.affiliation: Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, USA. skomo@duq.edu
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Skomo
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Hildegarde J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Berdine
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003479:Curriculum; D004514:Education, Pharmacy, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D010380:Peer Review; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013339:Students, Pharmacy