title: A clean method for solvent-free nitration of toluene over sulfated titania promoted by ceria catalysts.
abstract: A mild simple method for nitration of aromatic compounds, various solid acids as catalysts, the air treated with the corona discharge generator as nitrating agent, the liquid-phase nitration of toluene, at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure without solvent has been investigated. The results show that SO(4)(2-)/TiO(2) (ST) and SO(4)(2-)/TiO(2) doped with CeO(2) (STC) catalysts displayed good nitration activity in the experiments. It is an attractive method for the environmentally friendly synthesis of nitroaromatic compounds. Moreover, only mononitrotoluenes were detected in the products, and the ratio of para-nitrotoluene and ortho-nitrotoluene was approximately 1:1 with various catalysts. A maximum yield of about 11.4% was achieved for mononitrotoluenes in STC reaction system in 3h.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Hongzhu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000737:chemistry; D008722:Methods; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D013431:Sulfates; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009566:Nitrates; D013431:Sulfates; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; D014050:Toluene; D014025:Titanium