title: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in young men with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical significance of liver steatosis has been studied because steatosis plays a role in the progression of liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, the impact of steatosis in the early stage of fibrosis in non-obese young men with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatic steatosis, assess the relationship between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and to assess the laboratory parameters for predicting clinically significant liver fibrosis in non-obese young men with CHB.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated liver biopsies in young male patients with CHB with a serum alanine aminotransferase level of more than two times the upper limit of normal for at least 3 months before enrollment. Patients were excluded when they had co-infection with another virus and prior antiviral treatment. Demographical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters were analysed. Liver steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 86 young male patients with CHB were included in this study. The median age was 21 years (range, 20-26 years) and the median body mass index was 23.0 kg/m2 (range, 18.0-28.3 kg/m2). Steatosis was present in 44 patients (51.2%). Significant fibrosis (beyond periportal fibrosis) was present in 50 patients (58.1%). Steatosis was associated with insulin, homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol and triglycerides. On multiple regression analysis, steatosis was independently associated with triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Significant fibrosis was independently associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and necroinflammation activity. However, there was no significant association between significant fibrosis and the presence of steatosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of hepatic steatosis is a common finding in young male patients with CHB. Hepatic steatosis in CHB patients seems to be associated with insulin resistance, but it is not associated with hepatic fibrosis. GGT levels can provide useful information on the stage of CHB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Yong Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hong Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chong Il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Woo Kyu
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Byung Ik
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000410:Alanine Transaminase