title: NF-kappaB blockade upregulates Bax, TSP-1, and TSP-2 expression in rat granulation tissue.
abstract: Several diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, a condition frequently associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis that account for the development of granulation tissue. Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) is a crucial modulator of intracellular prosurvival signaling pathways and is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory process. In this study, we have investigated the role of NF-kappaB in the angiogenic and fibrogenic response induced by lambda-carrageenin in a rat model of chronic inflammation at 1, 3, and 5 days. The subcutaneous implant of lambda-carrageenin-soaked sponges in rat induced a time-related increase of granulation tissue formation accompanied by intense neovascularization. These lambda-carrageenin-induced changes were significantly reduced by coinjection of wild-type oligodeoxynucleotide (WT ODN) decoy to NF-kappaB. Molecular, morphological, and ultrastructural analysis performed on whole granulation tissue demonstrated: (1) inhibition of NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity; (2) downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor; (3) upregulation of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 at 1 day and TSP-2 at 5 days; and (4) increase in Bax to Bcl-2 ratio. Our findings show that the blockade of NF-kappaB activation by WT ODN decoy prevents the development of granulation tissue induced by lambda-carrageenin-soaked sponge implant upregulating Bax as well as TSP-1 and TSP-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Scienze Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Stefano
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolaus
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maiuri
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cinelli
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tajana
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iuvone
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carnuccio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099262:Thrombospondin 2
chemical_list: D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D019699:Thrombospondins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000099262:Thrombospondin 2; C494828:Bax protein, rat