title: Respiratory and skin effects of exposure to wood dust from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potential health effects related to wood dust from the rubber tree, which produces natural rubber latex, have not been previously investigated. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relations of rubber tree dust exposure to respiratory and skin symptoms, asthma and lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 workers (response rate 89%) in a rubber tree furniture factory and 76 office workers (73%) in four factories in Thailand. All participants answered a questionnaire and performed spirometry. Inhalable dust levels were measured in different work areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factory workers showed increased risk of wheezing, nasal symptoms and asthma compared to office workers. There was a dose-dependent increase in wheeze and skin symptoms in relation to dust level. Significantly increased risks of nasal symptoms (adj OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.45 to 9.28) and asthma (8.41, 1.06 to 66.60) were detected in the low exposure category. Workers exposed to ethyl cyanoacrylate glue had significantly increased risk of cough, breathlessness and nasal symptoms. There was dose-dependent reduction in spirometric lung function with wood dust level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides new evidence that workers exposed to wood dust from the rubber tree experience increased risk of nasal symptoms, wheeze, asthma and skin symptoms and have reduced spirometric lung function. Exposure to cyanoacrylate is related to significantly increased respiratory symptoms. Results suggest that the furniture industry using rubber tree wood should implement appropriate exposure control measures to reduce wood dust exposure and cyanoacrylate glue exposure to protect their employees.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sripaiboonkij
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Phanprasit
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D028482:Hevea; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012408:Rubber; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013785:Thailand; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D014934:Wood / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D012408:Rubber