title: Molecular evolution and phylogeny of the RPB2 gene in the genus Hordeum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that the miniature inverted-repeat terminal element (MITE) preferentially inserts into low-copy-number sequences or genic regions. Characterization of the second largest subunit of low-copy nuclear RNA polymerase II (RPB2) has indicated that MITE and indels have shaped the homoeologous RPB2 loci in the St and H genome of Eymus species in Triticeae. The aims of this study was to determine if there is MITE in the RPB2 gene in Hordeum genomes, and to compare the gene evolution of RPB2 with other diploid Triticeae species. The sequences were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Hordeum.
  
  
  METHODS
  RPB2 regions from all diploid species of Hordeum, one tetraploid species (H. brevisubulatum) and ten accessions of diploid Triticeae species were amplified and sequenced. Parsimony analysis of the DNA dataset was performed in order to reveal the phylogeny of Hordeum species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MITE was detected in the Xu genome. A 27-36 bp indel sequence was found in the I and Xu genome, but deleted in the Xa and some H genome species. Interestingly, the indel length in H genomes corresponds well to their geographical distribution. Phylogenetic analysis of the RPB2 sequences positioned the H and Xa genome in one monophyletic group. The I and Xu genomes are distinctly separated from the H and Xa ones. The RPB2 data also separated all New World H genome species except H. patagonicum ssp. patagonicum from the Old World H genome species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MITE and large indels have shaped the RPB2 loci between the Xu and H, I and Xa genomes. The phylogenetic analysis of the RPB2 sequences confirmed the monophyly of Hordeum. The maximum-parsimony analysis demonstrated the four genomes to be subdivided into two groups.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada. genlou.sun@smu.ca
authors.forename: Genlou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourkheirandish
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsuda
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018744:DNA, Plant; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant