title: Sepsis, coagulation, and antithrombin: old lessons and new insights.
abstract: Current insights in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis point to a pivotal role of inflammation and coagulation. One of the most important mechanisms contributing to the activation of coagulation in sepsis is the downregulation of physiologic anticoagulant systems, such as the antithrombin pathway. More than 20 years ago, Eberhard Mammen already hypothesized that coagulation activation and antithrombin were important factors in patients with sepsis. Abundant experimental and clinical studies have supported that notion in recent years. The better understanding of the pathogenesis of coagulation activation and the role of natural anticoagulants in sepsis has led to the development of anticoagulant factor concentrates, such as antithrombin concentrate. Clinical studies indicate that these interventions may have a role in the (supportive) treatment of patients with sepsis, mostly based on surrogate outcomes, but ongoing studies will have to confirm a beneficial effect in reducing mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.m.levi@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents