title: Clinical benefits versus shortcomings of diltiazem once-daily in the chronotherapy of cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The introduction of chronotherapy (that is improving a drugs therapeutic efficacy by paralleling the drugs plasma levels to circadian rhythms) has recently become a focus of interest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article addresses the efficacy and potential shortcomings of chronotherapy, and focuses on one specific type of chronotherapy: a novel long-acting diltiazem formulation, DTZ-LA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature to assess the clinical benefits and shortcomings associated with DTZ-LA in the management of hypertension and angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical benefits of DTZ-LA outweigh its disadvantages when surrogate outcomes are evaluated, but it still remains to be determined whether chronotherapy benefits hard clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, chronotherapy has the potential to address the cardiovascular triggers that peak in the early morning hours when the preponderance of cardiovascular events occur, as well as providing better target organ protection compared with non-chronotherapeutic therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 1717 11th Avenue South, MT638, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
authors.forename: Ugochukwu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ezeugo
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Glasser
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055870:Drug Chronotherapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004110:Diltiazem