title: A fast screening method for the presence of atrazine and other triazines in water using flow injection with chemiluminescent detection.
abstract: Atrazine is a triazine herbicide which contains two secondary aliphatic amine groups. Previous studies have shown that aliphatic amines react with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) to produce chemiluminescence. This paper describes the application of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) to the detection of atrazine and related triazine herbicides in water by flow injection chemiluminescence analysis. The optimised experimental conditions were determined to be: sample and carrier flow rates of 4.6 mL min(-1), sample at pH 9 buffered with 50mM borax, and reagent concentration of 1mM tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) in 20mM H(2)SO(4) (pH 1). Under these conditions, the logarithm of the chemiluminescence intensity versus concentration was linear in the range of 2.15-2150 microg L(-1) for samples in MilliQ water, and the limit of detection of atrazine in water was determined to be 1.3+/-0.1 microg L(-1). Validation of the method was performed using direct injection HPLC. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) significantly increased the chemiluminescence, masking the signal generated by atrazine. Isolating the target analyte via solid phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis removed this interference and concentrated the samples, resulting in a greatly improved sensitivity with a detection limit of 14+/-2 ng L(-1).
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences (Applied Chemistry), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Nichola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Felicity A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Roddick
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C058901:tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D001280:Atrazine