title: Waivers for cardiovascular diseases in military aircrew: differences between Japanese and U.S. protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular diseases can cause sudden incapacitation in aircrew. Cardiological diagnosis and therapy have changed a great deal in recent decades, as with coronary revascularization, including percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease, and electrophysiological studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for sustained arrhythmias. Physicians need to be able to make appropriate, objective recommendations regarding cardiovascular diseases in an aeromedical waiver system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed all 95 waiver cases regarding cardiovascular diseases in the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF), 1980-2007, and compared them to policies in the United States Air Force (USAF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The JASDF and the USAF handle most conditions similarly, although there are differences regarding coronary revascularization, atrial fibrillation, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The JASDF used RFCA more commonly for the treatment of aircrew with atrial fibrillation and nsVT Although routine follow-up with electrophysiological studies is no longer indicated for Wolff-Parkinson-White and atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia in USAF policy, the JASDF still conducts reevaluation for all RFCA cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study made recommendations to improve the JASDF waiver system for cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. hisadat@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Miasao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohsuzu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D003657:Decision Making; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008889:Military Personnel; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D011363:Professional Impairment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States