title: Dendritic cells in renal biopsies of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells (DCs) maintain immune tolerance and are able to initiate immune responses. Their involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is unknown. In this study, the participation of DC subsets is investigated in renal biopsies of AAV patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 patients with biopsy-proven AAV and five healthy controls (HC) with normal renal histology were included. Renal biopsies were stained for mature (CD208), immature (CD209), plasmacytoid (CD303) and Langerhans (CD1a) DC subsets. Furthermore, T-cells were stained using a T-cell marker (CD3). The interstitial cellular infiltrate was graded semi-quantitatively from 0+ (= absence of cells) to 3+ (= numerous cells). Within the glomeruli, an absolute count was performed for positive cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD208+ and CD209+ cells were found within patients' glomeruli but not in HC (1 +/- 0.3 versus 0.08 +/- 0.1 cells/glom; 2 +/- 0.3 versus 0.1 +/- 0.07 cells/glom). An average of 0.3 +/- 0.1 cell/glom expressed CD3 in patients while few cells were found in HC (0.1 +/- 0.7 cell/glom). Focal interstitial cellular infiltrates were observed in patients' biopsies but not in HC. Interstitial infiltration with CD3+ and CD209+ cells was assessed at an average of 1+, but some glomeruli and tubuli were surrounded by CD3+ and CD209+ cells forming clusters. Serial sections revealed that CD209+ cells were present in CD3+ rich areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both mature and immature glomerular DCs are found in renal biopsies of patients with AAV. Immature DCs cluster with T-cells in interstitial infiltrates in these biopsies. Since DCs form aggregates in T-cell areas, we hypothesize that these cells interact with each other and are involved in lymphoid neogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Paassen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damoiseaux
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heerings-Rewinkel
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Rie
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Witzke
authors.forename: Jan Willem Cohen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tervaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001706:Biopsy; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic