title: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induce Th2-polarized immune response and promote endogenous repair in animal models of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Cell-based therapies are attractive approaches to promote myelin repair. Recent studies demonstrated a reduction in disease burden in mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) treated with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we demonstrated human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-hMSCs) promote functional recovery in both chronic and relapsing-remitting models of mouse EAE, traced their migration into the injured CNS and assayed their ability to modulate disease progression and the host immune response. Injected BM-hMSCs accumulated in the CNS, reduced the extent of damage and increased oligodendrocyte lineage cells in lesion areas. The increase in oligodendrocytes in lesions may reflect BM-hMSC-induced changes in neural fate determination, since neurospheres from treated animals gave rise to more oligodendrocytes and less astrocytes than nontreated neurospheres. Host immune responses were also influenced by BM-hMSCs. Inflammatory T-cells including interferon gamma producing Th1 cells and IL-17 producing Th17 inflammatory cells and their associated cytokines were reduced along with concomitant increases in IL-4 producing Th2 cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Together, these data suggest that the BM-hMSCs represent a viable option for therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Lianhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Arnold I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015847:Interleukin-4