title: ADHD and anger contexts: electronic diary mood reports from mothers and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using electronic diaries (eDiaries), this study examined temporal links between child and maternal anger, as well as positive mood and perceived stress, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus comparison peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Across 7 days, half-hourly eDiaries were completed independently by mothers and their 8-12-year-old children (51 receiving medication for ADHD and 58 comparison peers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-informant analyses revealed systematic patterns of negative maternal moods in relation to child anger in both groups along with evidence of slower recovery in the ADHD group. Analogously, for both groups, children's anger reports increased and good-mood reports decreased in relation to maternal anger, whereas elevated stress in relation to maternal anger was restricted to children with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that a negative affective climate is more likely to persist in ADHD than in comparison families. They also affirm the utility of child as well as parent eDiary reports and suggest that children may be willing to report low positive mood when reluctant to report negative mood. The promise of incorporating real-time data on mood patterning into tailored treatments for children with ADHD and their families is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 3340 Social Ecology II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ckwhalen@uci.edu
authors.forename: Carol K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henker
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Floro
authors.forename: Natasha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Emmerson
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000786:Anger; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires