title: Prognostic role of endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickness in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired endothelial function and increased carotid intima-media thickness are key events in the atherosclerotic process and predict future cardiovascular events in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vasodilator response to increased flow in the brachial artery and the presence of carotid lesions may have a prognostic significance for in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 58 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting and at least 10 months of follow-up. All patients underwent ultrasound detection of brachial artery reactivity 30 days after PCI. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was investigated after 5 minutes of occlusion of the artery and nitroglycerin mediated dilation (NMD) was investigated after administration of sublingual nitrates. Vascular echography was performed to measure intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. At baseline we evaluated all the established traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We also subdivided our study cohort according to values of FMD in patients with FMD above and patients below the median value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with FMD above the median value showed higher prevalence of hypertension (P=0.002), diabetes (P=0.02) and carotid IMT (P=0.006) than those below the median. Brachial FMD was inversely correlated (P=0.001) to carotid IMT. At the end of follow-up clinical events occurred in nine patients. In a multivariate analysis, including all the variables evaluated at baseline, carotid IMT (P=0.02), level of glycemia (P=0.001), a lower FMD (P=0.005) and presence of carotid plaque remained the only variables predictive of restenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of FMD and carotid IMT may provide important prognostic information in patients undergoing PCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Palermo, University Hospital ''P. Giaccone'', Italy. egle.corrado@libero.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camarda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciaramitaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farinella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andolina
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cospite
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Assennato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D015607:Stents; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*