title: Alternative splicing of anciently exonized 5S rRNA regulates plant transcription factor TFIIIA.
abstract: Identifying conserved alternative splicing (AS) events among evolutionarily distant species can prioritize AS events for functional characterization and help uncover relevant cis- and trans-regulatory factors. A genome-wide search for conserved cassette exon AS events in higher plants revealed the exonization of 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) within the gene of its own transcription regulator, TFIIIA (transcription factor for polymerase III A). The 5S rRNA-derived exon in TFIIIA gene exists in all representative land plant species but not in green algae and nonplant species, suggesting it is specific to land plants. TFIIIA is essential for RNA polymerase III-based transcription of 5S rRNA in eukaryotes. Integrating comparative genomics and molecular biology revealed that the conserved cassette exon derived from 5S rRNA is coupled with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Utilizing multiple independent Arabidopsis overexpressing TFIIIA transgenic lines under osmotic and salt stress, strong accordance between phenotypic and molecular evidence reveals the biological relevance of AS of the exonized 5S rRNA in quantitative autoregulation of TFIIIA homeostasis. Most significantly, this study provides the first evidence of ancient exaptation of 5S rRNA in plants, suggesting a novel gene regulation model mediated by the AS of an anciently exonized noncoding element.
authors.affiliation: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bannach
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jan-Hendrik
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Teune
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: W Brad
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Barbazuk
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism*; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S / Q000378:metabolism*; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA