title: The differences in drinking patterns between Finnish-speaking majority and Swedish-speaking minority in Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to examine whether the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland differ from the Finnish-speaking majority in respect to alcohol consumption and, whether such differences could be explained by aspects of social capital measured by both individual and area level variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional dataset consisted of 17,352 Finnish speakers (baseline response rate 40%) and 2018 Swedish speakers (baseline response rate 37%), aged 25-59 years. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the differences in alcohol consumption between the language groups, and to adjust for several potential individual and area level confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Finnish-speaking men and women reported more frequent drunkenness, suffered more frequent hangovers, and had alcohol-induced pass-outs significantly more often than men and women in the Swedish-speaking population. Demographic, social, or environmental factors did not explain the observed differences in drinking patterns between these groups. Active social participation, social engagement, and trust in others were significantly related to drinking patterns only among Finnish speakers, but not among Swedish speakers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drinking patterns are likely to have a direct impact on the health differences between the two populations, especially in relation to alcohol-related acute harm. It seems unlikely that the effect of social capital on the health differences between the two populations would be mediated through drinking patterns.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. tapio.paljarvi@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paljärvi
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kauhanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D013548:Sweden / Q000208:ethnology