Affective temperaments in heroin addiction.
BACKGROUND
Much of the literature has described personality disorder constructs for heroin addicts. Building on previous work we examine the relevance of affective temperament measures in these patients.


METHODS
59 consecutive stabilized methadone treated heroin addicts, 34 with and 25 without psychiatric comorbidity, were compared, regarding affective temperaments, according to the Akiskal and Mallya formulation, with 58 healthy volunteers sharing similar social and regional demographics.


RESULTS
No differences were observed between heroin addicts and controls on either depressive or hyperthymic scales. Significant discrepancies were noted in cyclothymic and irritability scales, on which heroin addicts scored higher, regardless of the presence or absence of a dual diagnosis. In a multivariate discriminant analysis, mainly cyclothymic, and (to a lesser extent) irritable traits show a distinction between heroin addicts and controls, but not between heroin addicts with and without dual diagnoses.


CONCLUSIONS
Cross-sectional study.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest a new hypothesis. Cyclothymic, and to a lesser extent irritable traits (the "dark side"), could represent the temperamental profile of heroin addicts, largely irrespective of comorbidity, and tend to cohere with previous conceptualizations hypothesizing "sensation-seeking" (and "novelty-seeking") as the main personality characteristics of addiction.
Maremmani
Icro
I
Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, NPB, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa Italy. maremman@med.unipi.it
Pacini
Matteo
M
Popovic
Dina
D
Romano
Anna
A
Maremmani
Angelo G I
AG
Perugi
Giulio
G
Deltito
Joseph
J
Akiskal
Kareen
K
Akiskal
Hagop
H
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D013694:Temperament
D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone