title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for convexity meningiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meningiomas of the cerebral convexity are often surgically curable because both the mass and involved dura mater can be removed. Stereotactic radiosurgery has become an important primary or adjuvant treatment for patients with intracranial meningiomas. The authors evaluated clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with convexity meningiomas after radiosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient cohort consisted of 125 patients with convexity meningiomas managed using radiosurgery at some point during an 18-year period. The patient series included 76 women, 55 patients who had undergone prior resection, and 6 patients with neurofibromatosis Type 2. Tumors were located in frontal (80 patients), parietal (24 patients), temporal (12 patients), and occipital (9 patients) areas. The WHO tumor grades in patients with prior resections were Grade I in 34 patients, Grade II in 15 patients, and Grade III in 6 patients. Seventy patients underwent primary radiosurgery and therefore had no prior histological tumor diagnosis. The mean tumor volume was 7.6 ml. Radiosurgery was performed using the Leksell Gamma Knife with a mean tumor margin dose of 14.2 Gy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial imaging was evaluated in 115 patients (92%). After primary radiosurgery, the tumor control rate was 92%. After adjuvant radiosurgery, the control rate was 97% for Grade I tumors. The actuarial tumor control rates at 3 and 5 years for the entire series were 86.1+/-3.8% and 71.6+/-8.6%, respectively. For patients with benign tumors (Grade I) and those without prior surgery, the actuarial tumor control rate was 95.3+/-2.3% and 85.8+/-9.3%, respectively. Delayed resection after radiosurgery was performed in 9 patients (7%) at an average of 35 months. No patient developed a subsequent radiation-induced tumor. The overall morbidity rate was 9.6%. Symptomatic peritumoral imaging changes compatible with edema or adverse radiation effects developed in 5%, at a mean of 8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic radiosurgery provides satisfactory control rates either after resection or as an alternate to resection, particularly for histologically benign meningiomas. Its role is most valuable for patients whose tumors affect critical neurological regions and who are poor candidates for resection. Both temporary and permanent morbidity are related to brain location and tumor volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kondziolkads@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondziolka
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madhok
authors.forename: L Dade
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lunsford
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niranjan
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flickinger
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery*; D016518:Neurofibromatosis 2 / Q000150:complications; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden