title: A content analysis of the quantity and accuracy of dietary supplement information found in magazines with high adolescent readership.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the quantity and accuracy of dietary supplement (DS) information through magazines with high adolescent readership.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight (8) magazines (3 teen and 5 adult with high teen readership) were selected. A content analysis for DS was conducted on advertisements and editorials (i.e., articles, advice columns, and bulletins). Noted claims/cautions regarding DS were evaluated for accuracy using Medlineplus.gov and Naturaldatabase.com. Claims for dietary supplements with three or more types of ingredients and those in advertisements were not evaluated. Advertisements were evaluated with respect to size, referenced research, testimonials, and Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) warning visibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight (88) issues from eight magazines yielded 238 DS references. Fifty (50) issues from five magazines contained no DS reference. Among teen magazines, seven DS references were found: five in the editorials and two in advertisements. In adult magazines, 231 DS references were found: 139 in editorials and 92 in advertisements. Of the 88 claims evaluated, 15% were accurate, 23% were inconclusive, 3% were inaccurate, 5% were partially accurate, and 55% were unsubstantiated (i.e., not listed in reference databases). Of the 94 DS evaluated in advertisements, 43% were full page or more, 79% did not have a DSHEA warning visible, 46% referred to research, and 32% used testimonials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teen magazines contain few references to DS, none accurate. Adult magazines that have a high teen readership contain a substantial amount of DS information with questionable accuracy, raising concerns that this information may increase the chances of inappropriate DS use by adolescents, thereby increasing the potential for unexpected effects or possible harm.
authors.affiliation: Community Teamwork Inc., Lowell WIC Program, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metallinos-Katsaras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards*