title: Antinociceptive effect and GC/MS analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil from its aerial parts.
abstract: The rationale of this investigation was to examine the antinociceptive properties of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts, using a rat model of arthritic pain. The essential oil (100, 300 and 600 mg/kg, I. P.) produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect, manifested as a significant reduction in the dysfunction in the pain-induced functional impairment model in the rat (PIFIR model), mainly at high doses. Chemical constituents of the essential oil were further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compounds in the essential oil were alpha-pinene (14.10 %), camphene (11.47 %), beta-pinene (12.02 %), myrcene (3.31 %), alpha-phellandrene (7.87 %), eucalyptol (8.58 %), 2-bornanone (3.42 %), camphor (8.75 %), isoborneol (3.48 %), borneol (4.85 %) and borneol acetate (6.49 %). The antinociceptive effects of R. officinalis essential oil were tested in combination with 0.12 mg/kg WAY100635, s. c. (an antagonist of 5-HT(1A) receptors) or 1 mg/kg naloxone, i. p. (an antagonist of endogenous opioids receptors), demonstrating in both cases an inhibition of the antinociceptive response. This study suggests an involvement, at least in part, of the serotonergic system via 5-HT(1A) receptors and endogenous opioids in the antinociceptive effect of R. officinalis essential oil in the PIFIR model.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México, D. F., México.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Maria Eva
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Trujano
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicer
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Muñoz
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarrete
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010879:Piperazines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011725:Pyridines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013729:Terpenes; D014527:Uric Acid; D009270:Naloxone; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide