title: The effects of stochastic resonance stimulation on spine proprioception and postural control in chronic low back pain patients.
abstract: METHODS
  Spine proprioception and postural control in unstable sitting were compared in 18 chronic low back pain patients using a repeated measures design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to determine if stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation of the paraspinal muscles improves spine proprioception and trunk postural control.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Decreased spine proprioception and larger postural sway have been found in low back pain patients, although several studies have also shown no differences in spine proprioception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spine proprioception, measuring subjects' sensitivity to change in position, was assessed in 3 orthopaedic planes. Postural control was assessed using an unstable seat with a hemisphere attached to the bottom. Subjects balanced with eyes closed on the most challenging size hemisphere they could manage while center-of-pressure was recorded with a force plate beneath the seat. Both tasks were performed with SR stimulation randomized at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 90% intensity levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in spine proprioception were observed between SR stimulation levels for any of the 3 orthopaedic planes. SR stimulation significantly improved postural control, but only in the lateral plane. No differences in postural control were observed between stimulation levels 25%, 50%, and 90% in the lateral plane. There was no correlation between spine proprioception and postural control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that SR stimulation to the paraspinal muscles can improve postural control; however, this improvement cannot be attributed to improved spine proprioception based on the current study. People with compromised neuromuscular control or those exposed to unstable environments may benefit from SR stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Osteopathic Surgical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48910, USA. reevesn@msu.edu
authors.forename: N Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cholewicki
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D011434:Proprioception; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult