IL-1alpha accelerates stratum corneum formation and improves permeability barrier homeostasis during murine fetal development.
BACKGROUND
The ontogenesis of the epidermal permeability barrier is complex and incompletely understood. Previously we showed that IL-1 and TNFalpha regulate permeability barrier homeostasis in adult mice.


OBJECTIVE
We determined whether IL-1 and TNFalpha also regulate fetal barrier development.


METHODS
Messenger RNA and protein levels in epidermis were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Epidermal ultra-structure was examined by electron microscopy.


RESULTS
The protein expression of IL-1alpha/beta and TNFalpha peaked in fetal rat epidermis at gestational age d19-20, a time point that coincides with the formation of a competent barrier. Treatment of fetal rat explants with IL-1 or TNFalpha accelerates barrier formation in a time- and dose-related fashion, evidenced by a decrease in transepidermal water loss attributable to the presence of mature morphology and an increase in the expression of cornified envelope proteins. Using single receptor KO mice, we demonstrated a delay in both barrier formation and cornified envelope protein expression, paralleled with immature lamellar membranes in epidermis of IL-1R KO, but not TNFR KO vs. wild-type at day 17, differences that disappeared in later gestational stages and immediately after birth. Using TNF receptor and IL-1 receptor double knock out (D-KO) mice, we further demonstrated that a transient delay in barrier development consistently occurs in epidermis of D-KO mice.


CONCLUSIONS
IL-1 plays a role in regulating the late stages of SC formation and permeability barrier ontogenesis.
Jiang
Yan J
YJ
Metabolism Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, United States. yan.jiang@med.va.gov <yan.jiang@med.va.gov>
Lu
Biao
B
Crumrine
Debra
D
Man
Mao-Qing
MQ
Elias
Peter M
PM
Feingold
Kenneth R
KR
D000818:Animals; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha