title: Caries-, Candida- and Candida antigen/antibody frequency in children after heart transplantation and children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed children after HTx (group III, n = 31), in children with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in children with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, carious lesions and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the DMF/dmf(T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, oral Candida colonization increased within group III from 28.5% [DMF/dmf(T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [DMF/dmf(T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between oral Candida colonization and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent Candida infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Odontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany. rachida.siahi-benlarbi@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Rachida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siahi-Benlarbi
authors.forename: Silke M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nies
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sziegoleit
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schranz
authors.forename: Willi-Eckhard
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wetzel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000382:microbiology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000276:immunology; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D008351:Mannans