title: Excitability at the motoneuron pool and motor cortex is specifically modulated in lengthening compared to isometric contractions.
abstract: Neural control of muscle contraction seems to be unique during muscle lengthening. The present study aimed to determine the specific sites of modulatory control for lengthening compared with isometric contractions. We used stimulation of the motor cortex and corticospinal tract to observe changes at the spinal and cortical levels. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervicomedullary MEPs (CMEPs) were evoked in biceps brachii and brachioradialis during maximal and submaximal lengthening and isometric contractions at the same elbow angle. Sizes of CMEPs and MEPs were lower in lengthening contractions for both muscles (by approximately 28 and approximately 16%, respectively; P < 0.01), but MEP-to-CMEP ratios increased (by approximately 21%; P < 0.05). These results indicate reduced excitability at the spinal level but enhanced motor cortical excitability for lengthening compared with isometric muscle contractions.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany. markus.gruber@uni-potsdam.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Linnamo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strojnik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rantalainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000294:innervation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult