Prolonged protection against Intranasal challenge with influenza virus following systemic immunization or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations with a heat-labile toxin mutant.
Seasonal influenza virus infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the world, and there is a serious threat of a pandemic influenza with the potential to cause millions of deaths. Therefore, practical influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies that can confer protection against intranasal infection with influenza viruses are needed. In this study, we demonstrate that using LTK63, a nontoxic mutant of the heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli, as an adjuvant for both mucosal and systemic immunizations, systemic (intramuscular) immunization or combinations of mucosal (intranasal) and intramuscular immunizations protected mice against intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of live influenza virus at 3.5 months after the second immunization.
Zhou
Fengmin
F
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA.
Goodsell
Amanda
A
Uematsu
Yasushi
Y
Vajdy
Michael
M
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli