title: Transcriptional regulation and stabilization of left-right neuronal identity in C. elegans.
abstract: At discrete points in development, transient signals are transformed into long-lasting cell fates. For example, the asymmetric identities of two Caenorhabditis elegans olfactory neurons called AWC(ON) and AWC(OFF) are specified by an embryonic signaling pathway, but maintained throughout the life of an animal. Here we show that the DNA-binding protein NSY-7 acts to convert a transient, partially differentiated state into a stable AWC(ON) identity. Expression of an AWC(ON) marker is initiated in nsy-7 loss-of-function mutants, but subsequently lost, so that most adult animals have two AWC(OFF) neurons and no AWC(ON) neurons. nsy-7 encodes a protein with distant similarity to a homeodomain. It is expressed in AWC(ON), and is an early transcriptional target of the embryonic signaling pathway that specifies AWC(ON) and AWC(OFF); its expression anticipates future AWC asymmetry. The NSY-7 protein binds a specific optimal DNA sequence that was identified through a complete biochemical survey of 8-mer DNA sequences. This sequence is present in the promoter of an AWC(OFF) marker and essential for its asymmetric expression. An 11-base-pair (bp) sequence required for AWC(OFF) expression has two activities: One region activates expression in both AWCs, and the overlapping NSY-7-binding site inhibits expression in AWC(ON). Our results suggest that NSY-7 responds to transient embryonic signaling by repressing AWC(OFF) genes in AWC(ON), thus acting as a transcriptional selector for a randomly specified neuronal identity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Bluma J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gehrke
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bulyk
authors.forename: Cornelia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bargmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D006152:Cyclic GMP