title: Simultaneous determination of some phenothiazine derivatives in human blood by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
abstract: Chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, and trimeprazine were simultaneously determined in human whole blood and plasma by combining headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Extraction efficiency for the phenothiazine derivatives was 0.013-0.117% for both sample types. Regression equations were linear [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9951-0.9999] within the range 2.5-200 ng/0.5 mL for triflupromazine and trimeprazine, and 6.3-200 ng/0.5 mL for chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, and promazine. The limit of detection for each compound was 0.2-3.9 ng/0.5 mL whole blood and plasma. Intraday and interday coefficients of variation for all phenothiazines in both human samples were commonly < 15 and 20%, respectively. We also report the determination of levomepromazine in human plasma after oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Showa University School of Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinmen
authors.forename: Xiao-Pen
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000097:blood*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000097:blood*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010640:Phenothiazines; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen