title: Influence of obstetric complication severity on brain morphology in schizophrenia: an MR study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine if a causal relationship exists between obstetric complications (OCs) severity and linear magnetic resonance (MR) measurements of brain atrophy in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear measurements of ventricular enlargement (bifrontal span, Evans ratio, and bicaudate ratio) and hippocampal atrophy (interuncal distance) were completed on MR images obtained in 47 patients with schizophrenia. Regression analysis was used to look at association with OCs severity, assessed by the "Midwife protocol" of Parnas and colleagues. The relationship between MR measurements and phenomenologic variables such as age at onset, illness duration, and exposure to antipsychotic medications was explored. The relationship between MR measurements, OCs severity, and symptom presentation was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCs severity was significantly associated with MR measurements of ventricular enlargement (bifrontal span, Evans ratio). As the severity of OCs increased, bifrontal span and Evans ratio increased. This effect was independent of age at onset, illness duration, or even antipsychotic treatment. Interestingly, bifrontal span, Evans ratio, and OCs severity score all showed a significant positive correlation with hallucinatory symptomatology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although confirmatory studies are needed, our findings would support the idea that environmental factors, in this case severe OCs, might partly contribute to ventricular abnormalities in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Sciences and Psychological Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via di Torre Argentina, 21, Rome, 00186, Italy. giuseppe.bersani@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bersani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quartini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manuali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannitelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Biasi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gualdi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity