title: Immediate primary skin closure in type-III A and B open fractures: results after a minimum of five years.
abstract: Between June 1999 and May 2003 we undertook direct primary closure of the skin wounds of 173 patients with Gustilo and Anderson grade-IIIA and grade-IIIB open fractures. These patients were selected from a consecutive group of 557 with type-III injuries presenting during this time. Strict criteria for inclusion in the study included debridement within 12 hours of injury, no sewage or organic contamination, no skin loss either primarily or secondarily during debridement, a Ganga Hospital open injury skin score of 1 or 2 with a total score of ten or less, the presence of bleeding skin margins, the ability to approximate wound edges without tension and the absence of peripheral vascular disease. In addition, patients with polytrauma were excluded. At a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (5 to 7), the outcome was excellent in 150 (86.7%), good in 11 (6.4%) and poor in 12 (6.9%). A total of 33 complications occurred in 23 patients including superficial infection in 11, deep infection in five and the requirement for a secondary skin flap in three. Six patients developed nonunion requiring further surgery, one of whom declined additional measures to treat an established infected nonunion. Immediate skin closure when performed selectively with the above indications proved to be a safe procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Spine, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India. sr@gangahospital.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasekaran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dheenadhayalan
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sundararajan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Venkatramani
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sabapathy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult