title: Protein import machineries in endosymbiotic organelles.
abstract: Chloroplast and mitochondria, the two organelles with an accepted endosymbiotic origin, have developed multiple translocation pathways to ensure the subcellular allocation of proteins synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes, and to guarantee their assembly into functional complexes in coordination also with organellar-encoded subunits. The evolution of different protein import machineries was thus essential for the development of these two organelles within cells. A general overview of the translocation machineries in chloroplast and mitochondrial membranes involved in targeting and import of nuclear-encoded proteins, with special focus on plant cells where the two organelles coexist, is expounded.
authors.affiliation: Departement Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Grosshadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. monica.balsera@psi.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balsera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soll
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bölter
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins