Keeping In Touch Everyday (KITE) project: developing assistive technologies with people with dementia and their carers to promote independence.
BACKGROUND
The role of technology to facilitate independent living for people with dementia is not fully realized, with initial attempts (e.g. tracking devices) being considered unacceptable from a practical and ethical perspective. The aim of this study is to create acceptable and effective prototype technologies to facilitate independence for people with dementia through a user-centered design process involving them and their carers.


METHODS
The study comprised a three-stage participatory design process: scoping stage (five focus groups, 10 people with dementia and 11 carers); participatory design stage (five workshops, 22 participants) and prototype development stage (four meetings with two people with dementia and one carer). Focus groups and workshops were digitally recorded, fully transcribed and subjected to constant comparative analysis.


RESULTS
People with mild to moderate dementia enjoy a variety of activities both on their own and with their families; however, concerns included getting lost, a loss of confidence with curtailment of usual activities, and carer anxiety. Existing technologies (mobile phones) were used intermittently. Participants felt strongly that future devices should be disguised and be integrated easily into their daily routines. Suggested areas for functional improvement included two-way communications, flexibility of function as the illness progresses, and something to "guide" them home when out walking or driving. Attention should also be focused on minimizing the size, weight and visibility of devices to reduce stigmatization.


CONCLUSIONS
Prototypes for two devices (armband and electronic notepad) were developed. The study showed that involving people with dementia in the process of participatory design is feasible and could lead to devices which are more acceptable and relevant to their needs.
Robinson
Louise
L
Institutes of Health and Society/Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. a.l.robinson@ncl.ac.uk
Brittain
Katie
K
Lindsay
Stephen
S
Jackson
Dan
D
Olivier
Patrick
P
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004493:Education / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups / Q000379:methods; D040362:Geographic Information Systems / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055816:Wandering Behavior / Q000523:psychology