title: Vitamin D in infants with cystic fibrosis diagnosed by newborn screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Screening enables early nutritional deficiencies to be detected in those with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although vitamin deficiency is considered unlikely in older subjects with normal vitamin E levels, few studies have determined vitamin D status at diagnosis and its relationship to other fat-soluble vitamins.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed vitamin levels in infants diagnosed with CF by newborn screening over a 5-year period in Melbourne, Australia. Vitamin D levels were determined using the IDS gamma-B 25-OH Vitamin D radio-immunoassay (Immunodiagnostic Systems Limited, Boldon, UK). Vitamins A and E were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. We assessed the association between vitamin D level and sex, month of birth, pancreatic status, and vitamin A and E levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight infants were diagnosed at a median age of 1 month (range: 0-3 months). Initial vitamin D levels were assessed between 0.2 and 3.5 months in 30 (vitamin D) and 45 (vitamins A and E) infants. The number of infants deficient with vitamins D, E and A were 11 (37%), 7 (16%) and 27 (60%), respectively. Vitamin D levels were unrelated to sex, vitamin A or E levels, month of birth or pancreatic status, whereas vitamin A and E levels were significantly lower in those who were pancreatic insufficient. With supplementation, vitamin D increased over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is common in infants newly diagnosed with CF by newborn screening and is unrelated to pancreatic status or predicted low vitamin E levels. Vitamin D deficiency is less common over time following treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Liza A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Sarath C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E