title: The International HIV Dementia Scale is a useful screening tool for HIV-associated dementia/cognitive impairment in HIV-infected adults in Yaoundé-Cameroon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a baseline for a series of studies on HIV-associated dementia (HAD), we sought to assess the usefulness of the recently developed International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) as a screening tool for HAD or HIV-associated cognitive impairment (HACI) in HIV-positive adults in Yaoundé-Cameroon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of HAD/HACI is largely unknown in resource-limited countries. In Cameroon, few studies suggest that HAD may be frequent but no specific study had so far investigated the problem. We therefore used a case-control study design involving HIV-positive adults as cases and HIV-negative individuals as controls to determine the usefulness of the IHDS as a screening instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-positive adults followed up in an HIV outpatient clinic were matched to HIV-negative subjects for age and sex and screened using IHDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 204 HIV-positive individuals and 204 HIV-negative subjects were screened. The HIV-positive subjects had a significantly lower IHDS mean total score of 10.87 compared with the HIV-negative subjects with a score of 11.28 (P = 0.00). Abnormal scores (< or = 10) on the IHDS were found in 21.1% of the HIV-positive subjects and in 2.5% of the HIV-negative subjects (P = 5.0 x 10(-10)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the prevalence of possible HAD/HACI may be higher in Cameroon than the previous estimates and demonstrate that the IHDS can be used as a screening tool for HAD in Cameroon. We therefore suggest that all studies on HAD in Cameroon should strategically start with the IHDS as a screening tool.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, FMBS, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. aknjamnshi@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Alfred K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Njamnshi
authors.forename: Vincent de Paul
authors.initials: Vde P
authors.lastname: Djientcheu
authors.forename: Julius Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fonsah
authors.forename: Faustin N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Yepnjio
authors.forename: Dora M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Njamnshi
authors.forename: Walinjom E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Muna
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult