title: Incidence of noninfectious conditions in perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents in the HAART era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-era incident rates for the first episode of noninfectious conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected youth in order to identify HAART-era changes in the natural history of perinatal HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  More than 80 sites in the United States including Puerto Rico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perinatally HIV-infected youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence rates (IRs) per 100 person-years were calculated for targeted noninfectious conditions occurring in perinatally HIV-infected children. A chi(2) test for linear trend was used to evaluate changes in the rates from 2001 to 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand five hundred seventy-five perinatally HIV-infected children (51%, female; 59%, black, non-Hispanic) were enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 219C between 2000 and 2006 and were followed up for a median of 59 months. The 10 most common noninfectious conditions were pregnancy conditions (IR = 6.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.9-9.3), birth defects (IR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.1-0.3), gynecological dysplasias (IR = 5.92; 95% CI, 3.9-8.6), condyloma (IR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.1-0.2), encephalopathy (IR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.3-0.5), pancreatitis (IR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4), cardiac disorders (IR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4), renal disorders (IR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4), peripheral neuropathy (IR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4), and idiopathic thrombocytic purpura (IR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.1-0.3). Among these conditions, 5 showed significant trends, with IRs increasing over time in pregnancy-related conditions (P < .001) and gynecological dysplasias (P = .02) while IRs decreased over time for encephalopathy (P < .001), pancreatitis (P = .002), and cardiac disorders (P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between 2001 and 2006, the incidence for 3 conditions decreased and increased for 2 others, demonstrating the change in medical issues and conditions in perinatally infected youth. Continued surveillance with appropriate tools will be needed to assess the long-term effects of HAART and HIV as well as development of new noninfectious conditions of HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8111, USA. sharon.nachman@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chernoff
authors.forename: Philimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gona
authors.forename: Russell B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Dankner
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Seage
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oleske
authors.forename: Paige L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000150:complications; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications