title: The relationship between plasma levels of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, sex steroids, and gonadotrophins during the menstrual cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further investigate the relationship between plasma anandamide (AEA), sex steroids, and gonadotrophins to improve our understanding of how AEA may be involved in human fertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  UPLC-MS/MS-measured plasma AEA and ELISA-measured serum FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone levels at five different phases of the menstrual cycle and postmenopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma AEA, serum steroids and gonadotrophins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in AEA levels were similar in the two cohorts. The mean +/- SEM levels in the early follicular phase (0.89 +/- 0.06) for the cross-sectional cohort and the longitudinal cohort (0.73 +/- 0.03) were higher than those in the late follicular phase (0.77 +/- 0.09 cross-sectional; 0.63 +/- 0.08 longitudinal). The highest AEA levels were measured at ovulation (1.38 +/- 0.14 and 1.33 +/- 0.16) and the lowest level was measured in the late luteal phase (0.66 +/- 0.07 and 0.56 +/- 0.06). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between AEA, estradiol (P=0.0015), LH (P<0.0001) and FSH levels but not progesterone (P=0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peak plasma AEA occurred at ovulation and positively correlated with estradiol and gonadotrophin levels suggesting that these may be involved in the regulation of AEA levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mona R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: El-Talatini
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Konje
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006062:Gonadotropins; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; C078814:anandamide