title: Virtual reality enhanced mannequin (VREM) that is well received by resuscitation experts.
abstract: The objective of this study was to test acceptance of, and interest in, a newly developed prototype of virtual reality enhanced mannequin (VREM) on a sample of congress attendees who volunteered to participate in the evaluation session and to respond to a specifically designed questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  A commercial Laerdal HeartSim 4000 mannequin was developed to integrate virtual reality (VR) technologies with specially developed virtual reality software to increase the immersive perception of emergency scenarios. To evaluate the acceptance of a virtual reality enhanced mannequin (VREM), we presented it to a sample of 39 possible users. Each evaluation session involved one trainee and two instructors with a standardized procedure and scenario: the operator was invited by the instructor to wear the data-gloves and the head mounted display and was briefly introduced to the scope of the simulation. The instructor helped the operator familiarize himself with the environment. After the patient's collapse, the operator was asked to check the patient's clinical conditions and start CPR. Finally, the patient started to recover signs of circulation and the evaluation session was concluded. Each participant was then asked to respond to a questionnaire designed to explore the trainee's perception in the areas of user-friendliness, realism, and interaction/immersion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the evaluation of the system was very positive, as was the feeling of immersion and realism of the environment and simulation. Overall, 84.6% of the participants judged the virtual reality experience as interesting and believed that its development could be very useful for healthcare training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prototype of the virtual reality enhanced mannequin was well-liked, without interfence by interaction devices, and deserves full technological development and validation in emergency medical training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy. rareseed@mclink.it
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frisoli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.forename: Erga L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cerchiari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface