[Association between ethanol intake and ischemic heart disease].
Most world populations consume alcoholic beverages. Ethanol may have both protective and harmful effects on health depending on the amount and way of consumption. An extensive body of data shows concordant J or U-shaped associations between alcohol intake and a variety of adverse health outcomes, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, and all-cause mortality. In particular, moderate ethanol consumption is associated with cardioprotective benefits such as lower cardiovascular risk and mortality, probably mediated by beneficial effects on inflammation, lipids, and coagulation. In contrast, binge and/or heavy drinking results in proportional worsening of outcomes, increasing cardiovascular events and mortality. This harmful effect has been recently associated with the blockade of ischemic preconditioning mediated by high doses of ethanol. In this review, we highlight the recent epidemiological and experimental evidences regarding the specific benefits and risks of ethanol in the setting of ischemic heart disease.
Niccoli
Giampaolo
G
Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma. gniccoli73@hotmail.it
Bacà
Marco
M
Cosentino
Nicola
N
Fabretti
Alessandro
A
Crea
Filippo
F
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology
D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D000431:Ethanol