title: Massive bleeding from ectopic varices in the postpartum period: rare but serious complication in women with portal hypertension.
abstract: Portal hypertension (PHT) often leads to collateralization of blood flow through variceal vessels that shunt blood from the portal to the systemic circulation. Life-threatening bleeding from esophageal and ectopic varices often complicates severe PHT. Increase in PHT occurs during the last stages of the second trimester of pregnancy and is associated with increased risk of PHT bleeding in the later stages of pregnancy. In this report, we present two rare cases of pregnant women with PHT, who had postpartum bleeding from very uncommon sites. The first had a rupture of an intra-abdominal varix and the second had two episodes of bleeding from abdominal wall varices, after two emergent cesarean sections, in two consecutive pregnancies. On the basis of a literature review, we constructed an algorithm that includes instructions on how to handle women with PHT during the various stages of pregnancy and labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Scopus Campus, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Drorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hochner-Celnikier
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ackerman
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000098:blood supply*; D000328:Adult; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult