Random walk behavior of migrating cortical interneurons in the marginal zone: time-lapse analysis in flat-mount cortex.
Migrating neurons are thought to travel from their origin near the ventricle to distant territories along stereotypical pathways by detecting environmental cues in the extracellular milieu. Here, we report a novel mode of neuronal migration that challenges this view. We performed long-term, time-lapse imaging of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived cortical interneurons tangentially migrating in the marginal zone (MZ) in flat-mount cortices. We find that they exhibit a diverse range of behaviors in terms of the rate and direction of migration. Curiously, a predominant population of these neurons repeatedly changes its direction of migration in an unpredictable manner. Trajectories of migration vary from one neuron to another. The migration of individual cells lasts for long periods, sometimes up to 2 d. Theoretical analyses reveal that these behaviors can be modeled by a random walk. Furthermore, MZ cells migrate from the cortical subventricular zone to the cortical plate, transiently accumulating in the MZ. These results suggest that MGE-derived cortical interneurons, once arriving at the MZ, are released from regulation by guidance cues and initiate random walk movement, which potentially contributes to their dispersion throughout the cortex.
Tanaka
Daisuke H
DH
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Yanagida
Mitsutoshi
M
Zhu
Yan
Y
Mikami
Sakae
S
Nagasawa
Takashi
T
Miyazaki
Jun-ichi
J
Yanagawa
Yuchio
Y
Obata
Kunihiko
K
Murakami
Fujio
F
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1