title: Radiolabeled arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides to image angiogenesis in swine model of hibernating myocardium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to image angiogenesis produced by endomyocardial injection of phVEGF165 in a swine model of hibernating myocardium using [123I]Gluco-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) targeting the alphavbeta3 integrins.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A noninvasive test to monitor the efficacy of therapy inducing angiogenesis is needed. The interaction between extracellular matrix and endothelial cells in sprouting capillaries is effected primarily by alphavbeta3 integrins that bind through RGD motifs.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 21 +/- 4 days, after left circumflex coronary artery ameroid constrictor placement, 8 swine received endomyocardial injection of 1.2 mg phVEGF165 divided into 6 sites and 6 swine received saline (S) using nonfluoroscopic 3-dimensional endocardial mapping system (Noga)-guided delivery. After 20 +/- 6 days, 13 animals were injected with 6.4 +/- 1.7 mCi [123I]Gluco-RGD, 1 VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-injected animal with I-123-labeled peptide control, and all animals with 2.5 +/- 0.4 mCi of Tl-201 and underwent single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. Blood flow and echocardiographic measurements were made at both time points and tissue analyzed for fibrosis and capillary density by lectin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hibernating myocardium in the ameroid constrictor territory at time of injections was documented by reduced wall thickening compared with remote. Ratio of myocardial blood flow in left circumflex coronary artery/left anterior descending coronary artery territories increased by 15 +/- 11% in the VEGF animals and fell 13 +/- 12% in S-injected (p < 0.01). There was a small increase in wall thickening in constrictor territory after VEGF (8 +/- 17%) while in S-injected animals wall thickening fell by 23 +/- 31% (p = 0.01 vs. VEGF). Lectin staining as percent positive tissue staining for ameroid territory was higher in VEGF-injected compared with S-injected animals (2.5 +/- 1.5% vs. 0.87 +/- 0.52%, p = 0.01). Focal uptake of [123I]Gluco-RGD corresponding to Tl-201 defects was seen in VEGF-injected but not in S-injected animals. [123I]Gluco-RGD uptake in the ameroid territory as percent injected dose correlated with lectin staining (R2 = 0.80, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of radiolabeled RGD peptides may be a useful noninvasive method to monitor therapy that induces angiogenesis in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. lj2129@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Lynne L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Donahay
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poppas
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haubner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D005355:Fibrosis; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C498055:iodogluco-RGD