title: Bothrops insularis venomics: a proteomic analysis supported by transcriptomic-generated sequence data.
abstract: A joint transcriptomic and proteomic approach employing two-dimensional electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was carried out to identify peptides and proteins expressed by the venom gland of the snake Bothrops insularis, an endemic species of Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. Four protein families were mainly represented in processed spots, namely metalloproteinase, serine proteinase, phospholipase A(2) and lectin. Other represented families were growth factors, the developmental protein G10, a disintegrin and putative novel bradykinin-potentiating peptides. The enzymes were present in several isoforms. Most of the experimental data agreed with predicted values for isoelectric point and M(r) of proteins found in the transcriptome of the venom gland. The results also support the existence of posttranslational modifications and of proteolytic processing of precursor molecules which could lead to diverse multifunctional proteins. This study provides a preliminary reference map for proteins and peptides present in Bothrops insularis whole venom establishing the basis for comparative studies of other venom proteomes which could help the search for new drugs and the improvement of venom therapeutics. Altogether, our data point to the influence of transcriptional and post-translational events on the final venom composition and stress the need for a multivariate approach to snake venomics studies.
authors.affiliation: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC, Laboratory of Toxinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. rhv4u@ioc.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Patrícia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Magno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: Ana Gisele C
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Neves-Ferreira
authors.forename: Márcia R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chapeaurouge
authors.forename: Monique R O
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Trugilho
authors.forename: Ileana R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Surza L G
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Carvalho
authors.forename: Luciana S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wermelinger
authors.forename: Denis L S
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.forename: Luciana I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.forename: Inácio L M
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Junqueira-de-Azevedo
authors.forename: Paulo L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Russolina B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zingali
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perales
authors.forename: Gilberto B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Domont
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017837:Bothrops; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000032:analysis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D012910:Snake Venoms; D010740:Phospholipases