title: Adhesion of food-borne bacteria to stainless steel is reduced by food conditioning films.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preconditioning of stainless steel with aqueous cod muscle extract significantly impedes subsequent bacterial adhesion most likely due to repelling effects of fish tropomyosin. The purpose of this study was to determine if other food conditioning films decrease or enhance bacterial adhesion to stainless steel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attachment of Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2 to stainless steel coated with water-soluble coatings of animal origin was significantly reduced as compared with noncoated stainless steel or stainless steel coated with laboratory substrate or extracts of plant origin. Coating with animal extracts also decreases adhesion of other food-relevant bacteria. The manipulation of adhesion was not attributable to growth inhibitory effects. Chemical analysis revealed that the stainless steels were covered by homogenous layers of adsorbed proteins. The presence of tropomyocin was indicated by appearance of proteins with similar molecular weight based in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in several extracts that reduced adhesion but also extracts not containing this protein reduced bacterial adhesion, indicating that several molecular species may be involved in the phenomenon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is a common perception that food materials facilitate bacterial adhesion to surfaces; however, this study demonstrates that aqueous coatings of food origin may actually reduce bacterial adhesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compounds from food extracts may potentially be used as nontoxic coatings to reduce bacterial attachment to inert surfaces.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. nbe@aqua.dtu.dk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernbom
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arpanaei
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kingshott
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vejborg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klemm
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005399:Fishes; D005516:Food Microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000254:growth & development; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000032:analysis; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D014335:Tropomyosin; D013193:Stainless Steel