title: Different cholinesterase inhibitor effects on CSF cholinesterases in Alzheimer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study aimed to compare the effects of different cholinesterase inhibitors on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities and protein levels, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AD patients aged 50-85 years were randomized to open-label treatment with oral rivastigmine, donepezil or galantamine for 13 weeks. AChE and BuChE activities were assayed by Ellman's colorimetric method. Protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Primary analyses were based on the Completer population (randomized patients who completed Week 13 assessments). 63 patients were randomized to treatment. Rivastigmine was associated with decreased AChE activity by 42.6% and decreased AChE protein levels by 9.3%, and decreased BuChE activity by 45.6% and decreased BuChE protein levels by 21.8%. Galantamine decreased AChE activity by 2.1% and BuChE activity by 0.5%, but increased AChE protein levels by 51.2% and BuChE protein levels by 10.5%. Donepezil increased AChE and BuChE activities by 11.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Donepezil caused a 215.2% increase in AChE and 0.4% increase in BuChE protein levels. Changes in mean AChE-Readthrough/Synaptic ratios, which might reflect underlying neurodegenerative processes, were 1.4, 0.6, and 0.4 for rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest pharmacologically-induced differences between rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine. Rivastigmine provides sustained inhibition of AChE and BuChE, while donepezil and galantamine do not inhibit BuChE and are associated with increases in CSF AChE protein levels. The clinical implications require evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. agneta.k.nordberg@ki.se
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordberg
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darreh-Shori
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peskind
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Malahat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000077265:Donepezil; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005702:Galantamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010880:Piperidines; D005702:Galantamine; D000077265:Donepezil; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D000068836:Rivastigmine