title: Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports comparing Class III patients treated by camouflage and those treated by orthognathic surgery are not numerous. The purpose of this study was to compare the dental and skeletal values of Class III patients treated with these methods against normative data and over the course of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three surgical and 39 camouflage Class III patients were selected from a graduate orthodontic clinic and regional private practices, and lateral cephalograms were digitized. Skeletal and dental values were obtained, and mean and efficacy evaluations referenced to ethnic norms were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At pretreatment, the surgery patients had more severe skeletal discrepancies and more compensated incisors. During presurgical orthodontic treatment, most of the surgery group's mandibular incisors were significantly decompensated, although half of the maxillary incisors remained compensated. The surgical move improved 90% of these patients but to only 60% to 65% of the norm. The camouflage group was compensated at pretreatment, and they became more compensated in the end. After treatment, there were no differences between the incisor positions of the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistical difference in incisor inclination and position between the Class III surgical and camouflage groups after treatment; there was a significant difference in the pretreatment and posttreatment incisor inclination and position compared with normative values for both the surgical and the camouflage groups; the maxillary and mandibular incisors were not adequately decompensated in the surgical group, but significant improvement in mandibular incisor position and axial inclination was achieved presurgically. The outcome of the surgical correction was limited by the inadequate presurgical orthodontic incisor decompensation, and orthodontic compensation of incisors occurred postsurgically to achieve an optimal occlusal result.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2357, USA.
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanker
authors.forename: Henry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vig
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D007574:Jaw Relation Record; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome