Clinical rationale for administering fentanyl to cancer pain patients: two Delphi surveys of pain management experts in Denmark.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the rationale behind the choice of fentanyl administration forms as reported by Danish nurses and physicians specializing in pain management.


METHODS
Sixty nurses and 60 physicians specializing in pain management in Denmark were contacted via an Internet survey system to perform two Delphi surveys. In the brainstorming phase, the main reasons for administering and not administering fentanyl patches and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) were identified. In the second phase, the nursing and medical experts rated the importance of these reasons on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale.


RESULTS
Responses from 10 pain nurses and 14 pain doctors were used for the final analysis. Impossible or difficult oral intake of analgesia was the most important reason to administer fenantyl patches, whereas patients' dermatological problems and neuropathic pain origin were the most important reasons for not administering fenantyl patches in both panels. OTFC was presented as an alternative or second choice administration form for breakthrough cancer pain by both nurses and doctors. A damaged mouth, the high cost, and energy required for administration of this medication were reported as the main reasons why OTFC was only rarely prescribed to cancer pain patients in Denmark.


CONCLUSIONS
The reasons for administering fentanyl in different administration forms reported by Danish pain nurses and pain specialists partly differed from those derived from the literature. Studies of pain management traditions could improve the understanding of the reasons for analgesic administration.
Jacobsen
Ramune
R
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Møldrup
Claus
C
Christrup
Lona
L
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D000075202:Contraindications; D003697:Delphi Technique; D003718:Denmark; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*
D009294:Narcotics; D005283:Fentanyl