title: Type 1 diabetes: chronic progressive autoimmune disease.
abstract: A wealth of data in animal models indicates that type 1A diabetes results from T cell-mediated specific destruction of islet beta cells. There is evidence for the NOD mouse model that insulin is the primary autoantigen and a specific insulin peptide B:9-23 is central to pathogenesis. It is also now possible to predict the development of type 1A (immune mediated) diabetes for the great majority of individuals with a combination of genetic, immunological and metabolic parameters. Such prediction is possible because of the chronic nature of the autoimmunity and loss of beta cell function that precedes the disease. Given the ability to predict type 1A diabetes trials at all stages of the disorder to prevent beta cell destruction are now possible.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80010, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gianani
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baschal
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sunanda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Abby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahromi
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fain
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D007328:Insulin