title: Effect of rainfall exposure immediately after a single dip treatment with coumaphos on the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on infested cattle.
abstract: Efficacy of a single dip treatment in coumaphos at 0.182% active ingredient was determined against all parasitic stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) on infested cattle exposed to various levels of rainfall immediately after treatment. One group of calves remained untreated with no exposure to rainfall to serve as a negative control. A second group of cattle treated with coumaphos, but not exposed to rainfall, acted as a positive treated control. Three additional groups of coumaphos-treated cattle were exposed to 14.3, 28.6, and 42.9 mm of rainfall, respectively. In the coumaphos-treated group not exposed to a rainfall, overall mean control (99.2%) was greater and mean female engorgement weight (200 mg), egg mass weight (43 mg), and index of fecundity (IF; 2.90) were all less than any group exposed to rainfall. Although exposure to the lowest level of rainfall (14.3 mm) resulted in substantially greater control (83.7%) with lower mean egg mass weight (65 mg) and IF (62.26) than ticks exposed to 28.6 or 42.9 mm of rainfall, differences were seldom significant (P > 0.05). This suggested that higher levels of rainfall exposure adversely impacted coumaphos efficacy somewhat more than lower levels of rainfall exposure. Control remained >97% against larval ticks regardless of rainfall exposure level; however, against nymphs or adults, dramatic declines in control occurred as a result of exposure to any rainfall. Thus, the movement of coumaphos treated cattle exposed to any level of rainfall would pose a high risk of dispersing viable ticks into uninfested areas.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Bldg. 6419, 22675 North Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541, USA. Ronald.Davey@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: J Allen
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003372:Coumaphos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007814:Larva; D009758:Nymph; D011891:Rain; D048494:Rhipicephalus; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003372:Coumaphos