title: Phosphonosulfonates are potent, selective inhibitors of dehydrosqualene synthase and staphyloxanthin biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus produces a golden carotenoid virulence factor called staphyloxanthin (STX), and we report here the inhibition of the enzyme, dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM), responsible for the first committed step in STX biosynthesis. The most active compounds are halogen-substituted phosphonosulfonates, with K(i) values as low as 5 nM against the enzyme and IC(50) values for STX inhibition in S. aureus as low as 11 nM. There is, however, only a poor correlation (R(2) = 0.27) between enzyme and cell pIC(50) (= -log(10) IC(50)) values. The ability to predict cell from enzyme data improves considerably (to R(2) = 0.72) with addition of two more descriptors. We also investigated the activity of these compounds against human squalene synthase (SQS), as a counterscreen, finding several potent STX biosynthesis inhibitors with essentially no squalene synthase activity. These results open up the way to developing potent and selective inhibitors of an important virulence factor in S. aureus, a major human pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Yongcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Fu-Yang
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hensler
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rodrígues Poveda
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukkamala
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Craig T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González Pacanowska
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nizet
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oldfield
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D024341:Xanthophylls; C031841:staphyloxanthin; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase