Current concepts in the scientific and clinical rationale behind exercises for glenohumeral and scapulothoracic musculature.
CONCLUSIONS
The biomechanical analysis of rehabilitation exercises has led to more scientifically based rehabilitation programs. Several investigators have sought to quantify the biomechanics and electromyographic data of common rehabilitation exercises in an attempt to fully understand their clinical indications and usefulness. Furthermore, the effect of pathology on normal shoulder biomechanics has been documented. It is important to consider the anatomical, biomechanical, and clinical implications when designing exercise programs. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with a thorough overview of the availableliterature relevant to develop safe, effective, and appropriate exercise programs for injury rehabilitation and prevention of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints.


METHODS
Level 5.
Reinold
Michael M
MM
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. mreinold@redsox.com
Escamilla
Rafael F
RF
Wilk
Kevin E
KE
D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology*