title: Caspase-dependent retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in the rat model of acute diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neural apoptosis is generally believed to be mediated by two distinct pathways, caspase-dependant and caspase-independent pathways. This study investigated the apoptotic pathways involved in retinal ganglion cells in acute diabetes in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Expression and localization of caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) proteins in the retina of diabetic rats was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescent staining specific for caspase-3 and AIF were applied to analyze for apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. In addition, a caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO was injected intravitreally to further determine the apoptotic pathways of retinal ganglion cells triggered in acute diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks after induction of diabetes, a significant increase in caspase-3 protein expression and localization occurred in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer of the retina. Four weeks after the onset of diabetes, the increase in caspase-3 expression was profound eight weeks postinduction of diabetes (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no AIF protein expression was detected in this study. In addition, intravitreal administration of the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO reduced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells by its direct inhibitory action on caspase-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways may be the main stimulant of STZ-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in acute diabetes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yong-hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ye-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Ling-yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xin-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shi-yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang-gui
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D001786:Blood Glucose; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C108637:aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases