title: Increased transmucosal uptake of E. coli K12 in collagenous colitis persists after budesonide treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Collagenous colitis is increasingly recognized as a common diarrheal disorder of inflammatory origin. Intestinal inflammation is generally associated with increased mucosal permeability, but little is known about barrier function in microscopic colitis. Our aim was to investigate the mucosal barrier to nonpathogenic bacteria in collagenous colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 33 individuals, 25 with collagenous colitis (14 in clinical remission, 11 with active disease, and 8 of these again after 6 weeks budesonide treatment) and 8 control patients. Bowel movements were registered for 1 week. Endoscopic biopsies from the sigmoid colon were mounted in modified Ussing chambers and assessed for short-circuit current (I(sc)), transepithelial resistance (TER), and transmucosal passage of chemically killed Escherichia coli K12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial uptake was increased in patients in remission, 1.6 U (1.1-3.0) and in those with active disease, 4.6 U (2.5-5.8; median (IQR)), compared to controls, 0.7 U (0.1-1.1; P=0.004 and P-0.001, respectively). Active disease also had significant decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER) after 120 min, -9.7 Omega cm(2) ((-13)-(-4.3)), compared to controls, -5.2 Omega cm(2) ((-7.2)-(-3.1)), P-0.03; or patients in remission, -4.8 Omega cm(2) ((-8.0)-(-1.2)), P=0.04. Budesonide decreased median stool frequency to 1.9 (1.3-2.2) compared to 3.8 (3.7-4.2) before treatment (P=0.01), but bacterial uptake was still increased after budesonide 2.9 U (1.5-3.8), (P=0.006 compared to controls), and there were no significant changes in histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collagenous colitis presents with significantly increased uptake and altered mucosal reactivity to nonpathogenic bacteria. Budesonide induces clinical remission and restores mucosal reactivity but does not abolish the increased bacterial uptake. An underlying barrier dysfunction may explain the frequent and rapid relapses in CC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linköpings University, Sweden. andreas.munch@lio.se
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: Johan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Söderholm
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ost
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046729:Colitis, Collagenous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide