Effect of reinforcement probability and prize size on cocaine and heroin abstinence in prize-based contingency management.
Although treatment outcome in prize-based contingency management has been shown to depend on reinforcement schedule, the optimal schedule is still unknown. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial (Ghitza et al., 2007) to determine the effects of the probability of winning a prize (low vs. high) and the size of the prize won (small, large, or jumbo) on likelihood of abstinence until the next urine-collection day for heroin and cocaine users (N=116) in methadone maintenance. Higher probability of winning, but not the size of individual prizes, was associated with a greater percentage of cocaine-negative, but not opiate-negative, urines.
Ghitza
Udi E
UE
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch/Treatment Section, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. ghitzau@nida.nih.gov
Epstein
David H
DH
Schmittner
John
J
Vahabzadeh
Massoud
M
Lin
Jia-Ling
JL
Preston
Kenzie L
KL
D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011336:Probability; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014040:Token Economy