title: Attendance rates in a workplace predict subsequent outcome of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in methadone patients.
abstract: This study assessed whether attendance rates in a workplace predicted subsequent outcome of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence. Unemployed adults in Baltimore methadone programs who used cocaine (N=111) could work in a workplace for 4 hr every weekday and earn $10.00 per hour in vouchers for 26 weeks. During an induction period, participants provided urine samples but could work independent of their urinalysis results. After the induction period, participants had to provide urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence to work and maintain maximum pay. A multiple regression analysis showed that induction period attendance was independently associated with urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence under the employment-based abstinence reinforcement contingency. Induction period attendance may measure the reinforcing value of employment and could be used to guide the improvement of employment-based abstinence reinforcement.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Donlin
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Knealing
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Conrad J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014040:Token Economy; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone