Kindler syndrome: report of three cases in a family and a brief review.
BACKGROUND
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with neonatal blister formation, photosensitivity, atrophy, abnormal pigmentation, and fragility of the skin. Skin atrophy is more prominent on the extremities and the skin manifestations improve with age.


METHODS
We report three cases in a family which present the clinical and pathologic manifestations of Kindler syndrome.


RESULTS
All of the three cases reported here present skin changes on the extremities, face, and neck, including hyper- and hypopigmentation, atrophy, and telangiectasia. The condition in these cases started soon after birth. Two of these cases also had mucosal involvement.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased photosensitivity and sunburn after minimal sun exposure should lead physicians to examine the skin for poikiloderma and the mouth for fragility of the gums, periodontitis and other associated findings. Also, patients should be questioned about any history of blister formation as well as family history.
Yazdanfar
Ameneh
A
Department of Dermatology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. amyazdanfar2000@yahoo.com
Hashemi
Banafsheh
B
D001284:Atrophy; D004820:Epidermolysis Bullosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017496:Hypopigmentation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
C475301:FERMT1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins