title: Tyrosine-kinases in bacteria: from a matter of controversy to the status of key regulatory enzymes.
abstract: When considering protein phosphorylation in bacteria, phosphorylation of aspartic acid and histidine residues mediated by the two-component systems is the first to spring to mind. And yet other phosphorylation systems have been described in bacteria in the past 20 years including eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinases and more recently tyrosine-kinases. Among the latter, a peculiar type is widespread among bacteria, but not in higher organisms. These enzymes possess unique structural features defining thus a new family of enzymes termed Bacterial tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases). BY-kinases have been shown to be mainly involved in polysaccharide production, but their ability to phosphorylate endogenous substrates indicates that they participate in the regulation of other functions of the bacterial cell. Recent advances in mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics provided lists of many new phosphotyrosine-proteins, indicating that BY-kinases may be involved in regulating a large array of other cellular functions. One may expect that in a near future, tyrosine phosphorylation will turn out to be one of the key regulatory processes in the bacterial cell and will yield new insights into the understanding of its physiology.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS, Université de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bechet
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guiral
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mijakovic
authors.forename: Alain-Jean
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cozzone
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grangeasse
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases