title: A radiation oncologist's guide to contouring the hippocampus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limiting the dose to the hippocampus will likely decrease cognitive problems from brain radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is to present a step-by-step guide to contouring the hippocampus on axial images as would be done in the standard process of planning conformal radiotherapy for brain radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explain how to contour the hippocampus on axial T1 echo sequence magnetic resonance images with intravenous gadolinium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Step 1: Find the slice where the temporal horn-meaning the most anterior portion of the lateral ventricle-is well visualized; the hippocampus is the gray matter inside the curve of the temporal horn. Step 2: Contour inferiorly from the level of the temporal horn; below the level of temporal horn there is no visible boundary between the hippocampus and amygdala. You have to guess where this boundary is by extrapolating from more superior slices. The caudal most portion of the hippocampus is at the level of the pons and pituitary gland. Step 3: Contour superiorly from the level of the temporal horn; above the level of the temporal horn the hippocampus is the strip of gray matter bounded by cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricle and ambient cistern. The cranial-most extent of the hippocampus is at the level of the splenium of the corpus callosum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article presents a step-by-step guide to contouring the hippocampus on axial magnetic resonance images for radiation therapy treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bhishamjit S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chera
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Amdur
authors.forename: Pretesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005682:Gadolinium; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium