title: Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area estimates of depression and anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the United States by state and MMSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected depression and anxiety data on 74 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs) and 41 states/territories (n = 217,379).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The national prevalence of current depression, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety is 8.7 %, 15.7 %, and 11.3 %, respectively. There is considerable variability within and across states for all three measures. The most striking within-state difference in current depression between MMSAs is in California: 5.4 % and 11.3 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This variation in mental health at the state and MMSA levels calls for development and implementation of local programs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tws2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Tara W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Strine
authors.forename: Satvinder S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dhingra
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroenke
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qayad
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ribble
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Okoro
authors.forename: Lina S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Balluz
authors.forename: Shanta R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mokdad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult