title: Care dependency of hospitalized children: testing the Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics in a cross-cultural comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study to examine the psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics in Germany and Egypt and to compare the care dependency of school-age children in both countries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cross-cultural differences in care dependency of older adults have been documented in the literature, but little is known about the differences and similarities with regard to children's care dependency in different cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 258 school-aged children from Germany and Egypt participated in the study in 2005. The reliability of the Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics was assessed in terms of internal consistency and interrater reliability. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) was employed to verify the construct validity. A Visual Analogue Scale was used to investigate the criterion-related validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good internal consistency was detected both for the Arabic and German versions. Factor analysis revealed one factor for both versions. A Pearson's correlation between the Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics and Visual Analogue Scale was statistically significant for both versions indicating criterion-related validity. Statistically significant differences between the participants were detected regarding the mean sum score on the Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Care Dependency Scale for Paediatrics is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the care dependency of children and is recommended for assessing the care dependency of children from different ethnic origins. Differences in care dependency between German and Egyptian children were detected, which might be due to cultural differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, Centre for Humanities and Health Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. hotork@zu.edu.eg
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tork
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dassen
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results