Composition, disintegrative properties, and labeling compliance of commercially available taurine and carnitine dietary products.
OBJECTIVE
To test the quality, disintegration properties, and compliance with labeling regulations for representative commercially available taurine and carnitine dietary products.


METHODS
Evaluation study.


METHODS
11 commercially available taurine and 10 commercially available carnitine products.


METHODS
For each product, the amount of taurine or carnitine was determined and compared with the label claim. All products were evaluated for concentrations of mercury, arsenic, and selenium. Disintegration properties of 5 taurine and 8 carnitine products were determined in vitro. Labels were evaluated for compliance with FDA guidelines.


RESULTS
10 of 11 taurine and 10 of 10 carnitine products were within 10% of the stated label claim. Three of 11 taurine and 6 of 10 carnitine products were within 5% of the stated label claim. The median percentage difference between laboratory analysis and label claim was -5.7% (range, -26.3% to 2.5%) for taurine and 3.6% (range, -2.6% to 8.8%) for carnitine. No substantial amount of contamination with mercury, arsenic, or selenium was found in any of the products. During disintegration testing, 1 of 5 taurine products and 5 of 8 carnitine products did not disintegrate within 45 minutes during at least 1 test. Disintegration time for those that did disintegrate ranged from 1.7 to 37.0 minutes. All product labels conformed with FDA regulations.


CONCLUSIONS
Taurine and carnitine products evaluated in this study closely adhered to manufacturer claims and labeling guidelines. However, disintegration testing suggested high variability in some products, possibly limiting uptake and use by animals that receive them.
Bragg
Rebecca R
RR
Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Freeman
Lisa M
LM
Fascetti
Andrea J
AJ
Yu
Zengshou
Z
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002331:Carnitine / Q000032:analysis*; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000592:standards*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis; D013654:Taurine / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D013654:Taurine; D008628:Mercury; D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic; D002331:Carnitine