title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with lymphadenopathy suspected of recurrent malignancy after curative treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of lymphadenopathy after treatment of malignancy is sometimes difficult, especially in patients whose treatment was deemed curative and without local recurrence or those who have increased serum levels of related tumor markers. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) as a diagnostic tool in patients with lymphadenopathy after curative treatment of malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with mediastinal, intraabdominal, or pelvic lymphadenopathy after curative treatment of malignancy who were referred to our hospital between October 2003 and September 2007 were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 62 patients were included. The lymph nodes were located at the mediastinum in 22 patients, intraabdomen in 38 patients, and intrapelvis in 2 patients. From the pathological findings of the FNA sample, 31 patients (50%) were confirmed to have recurrence of the prior malignancy, and 9 patients (15%) were diagnosed as having a different new malignancy. The remaining 22 patients (35%) were shown to have no recurrence or no other malignancies. However, 1 of them was later diagnosed with recurrence by open laparotomy. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of the EUS-FNA were 97%, 100%, 98%, 100%, and 97%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphadenopathy after treatment of malignancy is not a definitive sign of recurrence. Therefore, pathological sampling and diagnosis are essential for determining the appropriate treatment. For this purpose, EUS-FNA is a safe, convenient, and minimally invasive procedure with high diagnostic value.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsurumi
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enya
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity