title: Association of high iodine intake with the T1799A BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have indicated that high iodine intake might be a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which commonly harbors the oncogenic T1799A BRAF mutation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between BRAF mutation in PTC and iodine intake in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed and compared the prevalences of the T1799A BRAF mutation in classical PTC of 1032 patients from five regions in China that uniquely harbor different iodine contents in natural drinking water, ranging from normal (10-21 microg/liter) to high (104-287 microg/liter). The BRAF mutation was identified by direct DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of BRAF mutation was significantly higher in any of the regions with high iodine content than any of the regions with normal iodine content. Overall, BRAF mutation was found in 387 of 559 PTC with high iodine content (69%) vs. 252 of 473 PTC with normal iodine content (53%), with an odds ratio of 1.97 (95% confidence interval 1.53-2.55) for the association of BRAF mutation with high iodine content (P < 0.0001). In addition, clinicopathological correlation analysis, the largest one of its type ever, showed that BRAF mutation was significantly associated with extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor stages of PTC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High iodine intake seems to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of BRAF mutation in thyroid gland and may therefore be a risk factor for the development of PTC. This large study also confirmed the association of BRAF mutation with poorer clinicopathological outcomes of PTC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Meiju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Mingzhao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D017613:Iodine Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D017613:Iodine Compounds; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf