title: Pulmonary complications of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) describes a paradoxical worsening of clinical status related to recovery of the immune system, as can occur after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected patients. Most commonly, IRIS results from opportunistic infections that can unmask or develop paradoxical worsening following HAART. Cancers, autoimmune conditions and sarcoidosis have also been associated with IRIS. Pulmonary complications may be frequently encountered. This article reviews the types and clinical presentation of IRIS, with a focus on the pulmonary manifestations. Management and outcome of IRIS are considered.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. kristina.crothers@yale.edu
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crothers
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy