title: Significance of increased expression of decoy receptor 3 in chronic liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable evidence has indicated that apoptosis plays an important role in hepatocyte death in chronic liver disease. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver regeneration in these diseases are largely unknown. Plausibly, certain molecules expressed to counteract apoptosis might provide survival advantage of certain liver cells. Therefore, we investigated a possible expression of decoy receptor 3 of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family in chronic liver diseases since decoy receptor 3 is known to inhibit apoptosis mediated by pro-apoptotic tumour necrosis factor family ligands including Fas ligand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of liver biopsies from patients with different stages of fibrosis were subjected to immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both decoy receptor 3 protein and mRNA were mainly expressed in biliary epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes in the diseased livers. Most noticeably, intense decoy receptor 3 expression was observed in newly developing biliary ductules in regenerative nodules as well as dysplastic nodules of cirrhotic livers. In addition, decoy receptor 3 secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in culture was via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decoy receptor 3 was specifically expressed in chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and decoy receptor 3 might facilitate the survival of liver cells by exerting its anti-apoptotic activity during the progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: BioPowerTech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406, USA. sungheekim@ymail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kotoula
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hytiroglou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zardavas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b