Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES) are predicted by depressive and dissociative symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
(1) To measure depressive and dissociative symptoms in a population of patients with Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES, or pseudo-seizures); (2) To compare NES with Epileptic subjects and Normal controls; (3) To try to define a personality profile specific, or typical, of NES patients.


METHODS



METHODS
30 consecutive patients (21 females and 9 males, mean age 32.9+/-11.7 years) with NES diagnosed on clinical basis and confirmed by video-EEG recording; 30 patients with epilepsy matched for age and sex who had presented at least two seizures in the 12 months prior to the study despite pharmacological treatment; 30 Control subjects, healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. Psychometric evaluation: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Groups were compared by means of one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for independent samples, followed by posthoc Tukey HSD Test, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.


RESULTS
Depressive and dissociative symptoms showed a significantly higher prevalence in the NES group as compared to Epileptics (p<0.001) and Controls (p<0.001), whereas patients with epilepsy did not differ from Controls. The analysis of the MMPI-2 in NES group showed a general increase in most MMPI-2 T-scores as compared to Epileptics and Controls, rather than a constant elevation (T-score>70) of one or more scales. No specific personality profile could be identified for the NES group.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that depression and dissociative mechanisms are important precursors to the development and expression of NES.
Mazza
Marianna
M
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Via Ugo De Carolis, 48 00136 Roma, Italy. mariannamazza@hotmail.com
Della Marca
Giacomo
G
Martini
Annalisa
A
Scoppetta
Marta
M
Vollono
Catello
C
Valenti
Maria Azzurra
MA
Vaccario
Maria Luigia
ML
Bria
Pietro
P
Mazza
Salvatore
S
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult