title: Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance.
abstract: Quercetin is one of a broad group of natural polyphenolic flavonoid substances that are being investigated for their widespread health benefits. These benefits have generally been ascribed to its combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but recent in vitro evidence suggests that improved mitochondrial biogenesis could play an important role. In addition, the in vivo effects of quercetin on mitochondrial biogenesis exercise tolerance are unknown. We examined the effects of 7 days of quercetin feedings in mice on markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and brain, and on endurance exercise tolerance. Mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment groups: placebo, 12.5 mg/kg quercetin, or 25 mg/kg quercetin. Following 7 days of treatment, mice were killed, and soleus muscle and brain were analyzed for mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and cytochrome c. Additional mice underwent a treadmill performance run to fatigue or were placed in voluntary activity wheel cages, and their voluntary activity (distance, time, and peak speed) was recorded. Quercetin increased mRNA expression of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1 (P < 0.05), mtDNA (P < 0.05) and cytochrome c concentration (P < 0.05). These changes in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were associated with an increase in both maximal endurance capacity (P < 0.05) and voluntary wheel-running activity (P < 0.05). These benefits of querectin on fitness without exercise training may have important implications for enhancement of athletic and military performance and may also extend to prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. markd@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: E Angela
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011794:Quercetin; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins