title: [History of the control of acute infectious diseases in Poland after the World War I--until the year 1924 (including big cities)].
abstract: Acute infectious diseases of high intensity, i.e. typhus fever, typhoid fever, dysentery, followed by scarlet fever, measles, malaria, relapsing fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, smallpox and Asiatic cholera spreading after the World War I in Poland posed one of the most significant problems in the reviving country. Their incidence resulted not only from bad living conditions of the population but also from poor personal and environmental hygiene and lack of access to bacteriologically healthy drinking water. The Polish-Bolshevik war (1919-1920) as well as repatriation of war prisoners and the Polish population from Russia (its territory was a reservoir of numerous infectious diseases) and the return of large groups of displaced people contributed to spread of epidemics. Morbidity rate of acute infectious diseases was the highest in the big Polish cities, especially in Warsaw, Lodz, Lvov, Cracow and Vilnius. The Bureau of Chief Emergency Commissar for fighting against epidemics, which closely cooperated with other Polish sanitary institutions and international organisations, rendered the greatest service to the control of infectious diseases. Until the year 1924, the largest foci of diseases were controlled and their incidence decreased, what was possible after formation of sanitary posts along the eastern border of Poland, organisation of infectious disease hospitals, bath and disinfection centres in the country, and implementation of protective vaccinations.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Historii Medycyny i Farmacji, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berner
mesh_terms: D002771:Cholera / Q000266:history; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000266:history; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000266:history*; D008288:Malaria / Q000266:history; D008457:Measles / Q000266:history; D011044:Poland; D012499:Sanitation / Q000266:history*; D012541:Scarlet Fever / Q000266:history; D012899:Smallpox / Q000266:history; D014504:Urban Health / Q000266:history*; D014857:Warfare; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000266:history