title: Risk of congenital anomalies around a municipal solid waste incinerator: a GIS-based case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Waste incineration releases into the environment toxic substances having a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available on this topic. We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator and risk of birth defects in a northern Italy community, using Geographical Information System (GIS) data to estimate exposure and a population-based case-control study design. By modelling the incinerator emissions, we defined in the GIS three areas of increasing exposure according to predicted dioxins concentrations. We mapped the 228 births and induced abortions with diagnosis of congenital anomalies observed during the 1998-2006 period, together with a corresponding series of control births matched for year and hospital of birth/abortion as well as maternal age, using maternal address in the first three months of pregnancy to geocode cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women residing in the areas with medium and high exposure, prevalence of anomalies in the offspring was substantially comparable to that observed in the control population, nor dose-response relations for any of the major categories of birth defects emerged. Furthermore, odds ratio for congenital anomalies did not decrease during a prolonged shut-down period of the plant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that the environmental contamination occurring around an incineration plant such as that examined in this study may induce major teratogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. marco.vinceti@unimore.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinceti
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malagoli
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabbi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teggi
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodolfi
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garavelli
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Astolfi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivieri
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants