title: Group A T-loop for differential moment mechanics: an implant study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When anchorage control is critical and compliance is less than ideal, efficient treatment depends on differential tooth movements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distal tipping of partially retracted canines and the mesial movement of the molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients had their maxillary and mandibular canines partially retracted with TMA (Ormco Corp, Orange, Calif) T-loop springs with 45 degrees gable bends distal to the loops preactivated for group A (maximum anchorage). Metallic bone markers served as references. The canines were retracted until enough space was available for alignment of the incisors without proclination. Oblique (45 degrees) radiographs were taken immediately before the initial activation and after partial retraction. The radiographs were scanned, superimposed on the bone markers, and measured digitally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mandibular canine crowns were retracted (4.1 +/-1.9 mm) and intruded (0.7 +/- 0.3 mm) by uncontrolled tipping. In contrast, the maxillary canine crowns were retracted (3.2 +/- 1.4 mm) by controlled tipping. The maxillary and mandibular molars crowns were protracted by similar amounts (1.0 +/- 0.6 and 1.2 +/-1.2 mm, respectively) by controlled tipping, without significant extrusion. The molars were protracted approximately 0.3 mm for every 1 mm of canine retraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T-loop spring used in this investigation produced controlled tipping of the maxillary canines, but it did not produce controlled tipping of the mandibular canines or translation of the molar as expected.
authors.affiliation: FAEPO/UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. dr_renatopmartins@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Renato Parsekian
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Buschang
authors.forename: Luiz Gonzaga
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gandini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013635:Tantalum; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C023988:beta titanium; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013635:Tantalum; D014025:Titanium