title: Adrenal nodules at FDG PET/CT in patients known to have or suspected of having lung cancer: a proposal for an efficient diagnostic algorithm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an algorithm to maximize the diagnostic yield of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) by using defined attenuation and standardized uptake value (SUV) criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  An IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review with waiver of informed consent of data in 1388 consecutive patients who underwent PET/CT for known or suspected lung cancer was completed, and 187 adrenal nodules were identified in 147 patients. Nodules were defined histologically or by size change (malignant, n = 37) or stability for more than 1 year (benign, n = 58). Nodules not sampled for biopsy and with less than 1 year of follow-up were considered indeterminate (n = 92). Diameter, mean attenuation, SUV(max), and SUV ratio (nodule SUV(max)/liver SUV(avg)) were compared with t test and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for diameter > 3 cm, mean attenuation > 10 HU, nodule SUV(max) > 3.1, and SUV ratio > 1.0. These were also calculated for higher SUV(max) and SUV ratio thresholds that were found to exclude all false-positives. Diagnostic accuracy was compared by using the McNemar test (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group of 147 patients (aged 42-88 years; mean, 65.5 years; 59 women), combined PET/CT with mean attenuation > 10 HU and SUV(max) > 3.1 had 97.3% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity. Combined PET/CT with mean attenuation > 10 HU and SUV ratio > 1.0 had 97.3% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity. The accuracies of these threshold combinations (90.5% and 83.2%, respectively) were significantly different (P = .008). Applying a further cutoff of SUV ratio > 2.5 enabled identification of 22 of 37 metastatic lesions and exclusion of all fluorodeoxyglucose-avid benign nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitive identification of many metastases can be accomplished by applying an SUV ratio cutoff of greater than 2.5, allowing pragmatic management of adrenal nodules that initially test positive with the combined PET/CT criteria SUV(max) > 3.1 and mean attenuation > 10 HU.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/250/2/523/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710. the 2007 RSNA Annual Meeting.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Terence Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kendra M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Paulson
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18