title: Bone speed of sound curves of twin and singleton neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate associations between prenatal risk factors, neonatal characteristics and bone development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tibial speed of sound (SOS) of 317 neonates whose gestational ages ranged between 25 and 41 weeks and birth weight between 580 and 4,350 g was measured using quantitative ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone SOS values correlated significantly with gestational age and birth weight. Small for gestational age (SGA) infants had higher bone SOS values than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Infants born to multiple pregnancies had lower SOS values than singleton infants so two separate bone SOS curves were made: for singleton infants born AGA (n = 152), and for infants of multiple pregnancies born AGA (n = 104). Infants of preeclamptic mothers had significantly higher SOS values than the infants of mothers without preeclampsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study reporting bone SOS values of Turkish neonates. Prenatal risk factors, such as preeclampsia, multiple pregnancy, and being SGA, affect the bone development of the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. tugbagursoy@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gursoy
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurdakok
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayran
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Gulsevin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tekinalp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D014427:Twins / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult