title: 24-hour bronchodilator efficacy of single doses of indacaterol in subjects with COPD: comparison with placebo and formoterol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the bronchodilator efficacy, safety and tolerability of indacaterol, a novel, once-daily inhaled beta(2)-agonist bronchodilator, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This crossover, double-blind, double-dummy study was conducted to evaluate the 24-h bronchodilator effect of a range of single doses of indacaterol (150 microg, 300 microg and 600 microg), given in the morning via single-dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI) in subjects with COPD, compared with placebo and with the daily therapeutic dose of formoterol (two 12 microg doses 12 h apart, via an SDDPI). Tolerability and safety were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD received each of the five treatments on separate study days in randomised sequence. The 24-h trough FEV(1) (primary endpoint; mean [95% CI]) was 1.46 (1.43, 1.49) L with indacaterol 600 microg (p < 0.001 vs. placebo, p < 0.01 vs. formoterol, p < 0.05 vs. indacaterol 150 microg), 1.45 (1.42, 1.48) L with indacaterol 300 microg (p < 0.001 vs. placebo, p < 0.05 vs. formoterol), 1.42 (1.39, 1.45) L with indacaterol 150 microg (p < 0.001 vs. placebo), 1.41 (1.38, 1.43) L with formoterol (p < 0.001 vs. placebo) and 1.28 (1.25, 1.31) L with placebo. All treatments were well tolerated and there was little effect on serum potassium, blood glucose or QTc interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All doses of indacaterol were effective in providing 24-h bronchodilation and were well-tolerated in subjects with COPD. The bronchodilator efficacy of indacaterol (150, 300 and 600 microg) at 24 h post-dose was at least as efficacious as formoterol 12 microg twice daily.
authors.affiliation: Chest Service, CHU St-Pierre, Bruxelles, Belgium. obauwens@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bauwens
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ninane
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van de Maele
authors.forename: Roz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D007189:Indans; D010919:Placebos; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate