title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with a needle core biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: is it justified?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased markedly with the introduction of population-based mammographic screening. DCIS is usually diagnosed non-operatively. Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) has become the standard of care for patients with invasive breast carcinoma, its use in patients with DCIS is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the justification for offering SNB at the time of primary surgery to patients with a needle core biopsy (NCB) diagnosis of DCIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of 145 patients with an NCB diagnosis of DCIS who had SNB performed at the time of primary surgery. The study focused on rates of SNB positivity and underestimation of invasive carcinoma by NCB, and sought to identify factors that might predict the presence of invasive carcinoma in the excision specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7/145 patients (4.8%) had a positive sentinel lymph node, four macrometastases and three micrometastases. 6/7 patients had invasive carcinoma in the final excision specimen. 55/145 patients (37.9%) with an NCB diagnosis of DCIS had invasive carcinoma in the excision specimen. The median invasive tumour size was 6 mm. A radiological mass and areas of invasion <1 mm, amounting to "at least microinvasion" on NCB were predictive of invasive carcinoma in the excision specimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNB positivity in pure DCIS is rare. In view of the high rate of underestimation of invasive carcinoma in patients with an NCB diagnosis of DCIS in this study, SNB appears justified in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Irish National Breast Screening Programme and Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. b.doyle@beatson.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mudhaffer
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kerin
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008327:Mammography; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy