title: Injuries in youth football: national emergency department visits during 2001-2005 for young and adolescent players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited research exists describing youth football injuries, and many of these are confined to specific regions or communities. The authors describe U.S. pediatric football injury patterns receiving emergency department (ED) evaluation and compare injury patterns between the younger and older youth football participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of ED data on football injuries was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program. Injury risk estimates were calculated over a 5-year period (2001-2005) using participation data from the National Sporting Goods Association. Injury types are described for young (7-11 years) and adolescent (12-17 years) male football participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were an estimated total of 1,060,823 visits to U.S. EDs for males with football-related injuries. The most common diagnoses in the younger group (7-11 years) were fracture/dislocation (29%), sprain/strain (27%), and contusion (27%). In the older group (ages 12-17 years), diagnoses included sprain/strain (31%), fracture/dislocation (29%), and contusion (23%). Older participants had a significantly higher injury risk of injury over the 5-year study period: 11.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2 to 12.8) versus 6.1 (95% CI = 4.8 to 7.3) per 1,000 participants/year. Older participants had a higher injury risk across all categories, with the greatest disparity being with traumatic brain injury (TBI), 0.8 (95% CI = 0.6 to 1.0) versus 0.3 (95% CI = 0.2 to 0.4) per 1,000 participants/year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  National youth football injury patterns are similar to those previously reported in community and cohort studies. Older participants have a significantly higher injury risk, especially with TBI.
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. mjmello@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmisciano
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Linakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology