title: Application of positive matrix factorization to identify potential sources of PAHs in soil of Dalian, China.
abstract: Soil derived sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region of Dalian, China were investigated using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Three factors were separated based on PMF for the statistical investigation of the datasets both in summer and winter. These factors were dominated by the pattern of single sources or groups of similar sources, showing seasonal and regional variations. The main sources of PAHs in Dalian soil in summer were the emissions from coal combustion average (46%), diesel engine (30%), and gasoline engine (24%). In winter, the main sources were the emissions from coal-fired boiler (72%), traffic average (20%), and gasoline engine (8%). These factors with strong seasonality indicated that coal combustion in winter and traffic exhaust in summer dominated the sources of PAHs in soil. These results suggested that PMF model was a proper approach to identify the sources of PAHs in soil.
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China. degaowang@163.com
authors.forename: Degao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fulin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chenlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions