title: Intermittent claudication: clinical effectiveness of endovascular revascularization versus supervised hospital-based exercise training--randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical success, functional capacity, and quality of life during 12 months after revascularization or supervised exercise training in patients with intermittent claudication.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study had institutional review board approval, and all patients gave written informed consent. Between September 2002 and September 2005, 151 consecutive patients who presented with symptoms of intermittent claudication were randomly assigned to undergo either endovascular revascularization (angioplasty-first approach) (n = 76) or hospital-based supervised exercise (n = 75). The outcome measures were clinical success, functional capacity, and quality of life after 6 and 12 months. Clinical success was defined as improvement in at least one category in the Rutherford scale above the pretreatment level. Significance of differences between the groups was assessed with the unpaired t test, chi(2) test, or Mann-Whitney U test. To adjust outcomes for imbalances of baseline values, multivariable regression analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after the start of treatment, patients who underwent revascularization improved more than patients who performed exercise in terms of clinical success (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 39; 99% confidence interval [CI]: 11, 131; P < .001), but this advantage was lost after 6 (adjusted OR, 0.9; 99% CI: 0.3, 2.3; P = .70) and 12 (adjusted OR, 1.1; 99% CI: 0.5, 2.8; P = .73) months. After revascularization, fewer patients showed signs of ipsilateral symptoms at 6 months compared with patients in the exercise group (adjusted OR, 0.4; 99% CI: 0.2, 0.9; P < .001), but no significant differences were demonstrated at 12 months. After both treatments, functional capacity and quality of life scores increased after 6 and 12 months, but no significant differences between the groups were demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 6 and 12 months, patients with intermittent claudication benefited equally from either endovascular revascularization or supervised exercise. Improvement was, however, more immediate after revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vascular Laboratory, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. s.spronk@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spronk
authors.forename: Johanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Pieter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: den Hoed
authors.forename: Hermanus F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Veen
authors.forename: Peter M T
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pattynama
authors.forename: M G Myriam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hunink
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome