title: Effect of naturally occurring hydroxychavicol acetate on the cytokine production in T helper cells.
abstract: Naturally occurring phenolic compounds, such as chavicol analogues, have been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We have previously isolated two chavicol acetate analogues, acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and hydroxychavicol acetate (HCA) from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga. Although the function of ACA has been studied in many systems, the function of HCA has yet to be systemically examined. In this study, we have comparably examined the functions of ACA and HCA on the cytokine production in Th cells. ACA exhibited potent antioxidant activity and increased cell apoptosis; therefore, cytokine production by Th cells was diminished. Although HCA had neither antioxidant activity nor pro-apoptotic function, it was shown to increase IL-2 production and attenuate IFNgamma expression in Th cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HCA suppressed T-bet expression, which is responsible for IL-2 suppression and IFNgamma induction in Th cells and inhibited T-bet-mediated Th1 cell differentiation. Therefore, we suggest that HCA may be beneficial as therapeutics for treating inflammatory immune disorders caused by extravagant activation of Th1-mediated immune responses.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Joo-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; C541527:hydroxychavicol acetate; D007371:Interferon-gamma