title: More severe nailfold capillaroscopy findings and anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Are they useful tools for prognostic use in systemic sclerosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) have been described in systemic sclerosis (SSc) but their clinical relevance is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aim of this study was to measure serum levels of AECA in 62 SSc patients, examining the main clinical and laboratory features, including nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) abnormalities and looking for any significant association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients (23%) were AECA positive. An "early" NC pattern was observed in 21 patients (34%), an "active" pattern in 24 (39%) and a "late" pattern in 17 cases (27%). In those patients with AECA, a "late" NC pattern was significantly more frequent respect to the "early" and "late" patterns (p<0.05); besides AECA serum levels were significantly higher in the "late" group of patients respect to the other two (p<0.04 and p<0.02 respectively), also showing a significantly more severe modified skin score (mSS) (> or =15) (p<0.04), while those cases with more aggressive NC patterns ("active" and "late") had a more frequent finding of arterial hypertension (p<0.05) and cardiac involvement (p<0.05) respect to those with "early" NC pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, advanced NC findings were more frequently found in those patients with higher levels of AECA and their contemporary presence may consent to identify specific SSc subsets i.e., those with higher skin scores and cardiovascular involvement. These data suggest that AECA may have a role in the progression of the endothelial damage and their presence and titer should be considered as an adjunctive risk factor for a more severe disease. We also confirm the diagnostic and prognostic validity for NC in SSc, underlying the importance for an accurate capillaroscopic assessment. The contemporary assessment of these two diagnostic tools can be useful to better define different subset of SSc patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapy, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riccieri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasile
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccarelli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sciarra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Franco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spadaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020678:Microscopic Angioscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000098:blood supply; D011379:Prognosis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C087589:anti-endothelial cell antibody