title: Novel 16S rRNA gene analyses reveal new in vitro effects of insoluble barley fibres on the human faecal microbiota.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to analyse the growth of human faecal microbiota on barley dietary fibres (DF). It is generally accepted that insoluble DF are health promoting, but the information is scarce about how these fibres affect the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota. A major reason for the limited knowledge is that there are currently no proper tools to analyse the complete GI microbiota.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we present a novel 16S rRNA gene analytical approach that enables the analyses of the complete microbiota, including the part that has not yet been characterized. The basic principle of the method is use of 16S rRNA gene signature sequences to determine both the phylogenetic relatedness and the distribution of bacteria in the samples analysed. Using this approach, we analysed the microbiota after in vitro fermentation of different barley fractions with human faeces. Our main finding was that groups of actinobacteria were selectively enriched by growth on the insoluble DF fractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our novel analytical approaches revealed new enrichment patterns in the taxa that respond to insoluble DF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results may have major implications for future understanding of insoluble DF health effects.
authors.affiliation: Matforsk AS, Nofima Food, Osloveien, Norway. knut.rudi@nofima.no
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimonja
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Aasen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahlstrøm
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D000332:Aerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D015723:Gene Library; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S