title: Fewer latent herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytotoxic T cells occur in the ophthalmic division than in the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the human trigeminal ganglion and nerve.
abstract: Following primary infection of the mouth, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) travels retrogradely along the maxillary (V2) or mandibular (V3) nerve to the trigeminal ganglion (TG), where it establishes lifelong latency. Symptomatic HSV-1 reactivations frequently manifest as herpes labialis, while ocular HSV-1 disease is rare. We investigated whether these clinical observations are mirrored by the distribution of latent HSV-1 as well as cytotoxic T-cell infiltration around the nerve cell bodies and in the nerve fibers. The three divisions of the TG were separated by using neurofilament staining and carbocyanine dye Di-I tracing and then screened by in situ hybridization for the presence of HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT). The T-cell distribution and the pattern of cytolytic molecule expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The Di-I-labeled neurons were largely confined to the nerve entry zone of the traced nerve branches. Very few Di-I-labeled neurons were found in adjacent divisions due to traversing fiber bundles. LAT was abundant in the V2 and V3 divisions of all TG but was scarce or totally absent in the ophthalmic (V1) division. CD8(+) T cells were found in all three divisions of the TG and in the respective nerves, clearly clustering in V2 and V3, which is indicative of a chronic inflammation. Only T cells surrounding neurons in the V2 and V3 ganglionic divisions expressed granzyme B. In conclusion, the large accumulation of LAT and cytotoxic T cells in the V2 and V3 but not in the V1 division of the TG reflects the sites supplied by the sensory fibers and the clinical reactivation patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 23, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hüfner
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Derfuss
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glon
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sinicina
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arbusow
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strupp
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Diethilde
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C477253:latency associated transcript, herpes simplex virus-1