title: Effect of reinforcement probability and prize size on cocaine and heroin abstinence in prize-based contingency management.
abstract: Although treatment outcome in prize-based contingency management has been shown to depend on reinforcement schedule, the optimal schedule is still unknown. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial (Ghitza et al., 2007) to determine the effects of the probability of winning a prize (low vs. high) and the size of the prize won (small, large, or jumbo) on likelihood of abstinence until the next urine-collection day for heroin and cocaine users (N=116) in methadone maintenance. Higher probability of winning, but not the size of individual prizes, was associated with a greater percentage of cocaine-negative, but not opiate-negative, urines.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch/Treatment Section, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. ghitzau@nida.nih.gov
authors.forename: Udi E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Ghitza
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmittner
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahabzadeh
authors.forename: Jia-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kenzie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Preston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011336:Probability; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014040:Token Economy