title: Oral manifestations of HIV infection in adult patients from the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions (HIV-OL) have shown great variations among different countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of HIV-OL in adults infected with HIV in the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, and to determine the factors associated with the presence of HIV-OL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional observational study was performed between November 2006 and August 2007 at the Hospital General Universitario 'Camilo Cienfuegos', Sancti Spiritus. One hundred and fifty-four HIV-infected patients were included. Patients were examined and interviewed by a periodontal specialist. Diagnosis of HIV-OL was based on clinical criteria. Demographical, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Independent association of each factor with HIV-OL was assessed by logistic regression modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HIV-OL was 40.9%. The commonest manifestation was oral hairy leucoplakia (n = 19; 12.3%); oral candidiasis (n = 17; 11%); herpes simplex virus infection (n = 11; 7.4%); and aphthous ulcer (n = 9; 5.8%). Principal factors associated with the presence of HIV-OL were CD4(+) lymphocytes <500 cells/mm(3) (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.019-4.195) and smoking (OR: 2.03 CI: 1.037-3.982).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study described the prevalence of HIV-OL in 154 HIV-infected patients which represent about 80% of those known to be infected in the province of Sancti Spiritus. The prevalence of HIV-OL was lower than those reported from developing countries. Oral hairy leucoplakia and oral candidiasis were the most prevalent HIV-OL. Smoking and CD4(+) cells count <500 cells/mm(3) were the two factors independently associated with the presence of HIV-OL.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Faustino Pérez Hernández, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. ecarpio60@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carpio
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fardales
authors.forename: Iralys
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benítez
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003462:Cuba / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000453:epidemiology; D013283:Stomatitis, Herpetic / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult