title: Swimming performance after passive and active recovery of various durations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of active and passive recovery of various durations after a 100-m swimming test performed at maximal effort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven competitive swimmers (5 males, 6 females, age: 17.3 +/- 0.6 y) completed two 100-m tests with a 15-min interval at a maximum swimming effort under three experimental conditions. The recovery between tests was 15 min passive (PAS), 5 min active, and 10 min passive (5ACT) or 10 min active and 5 min passive (10ACT). Self-selected active recovery started immediately after the first test, corresponding to 60 +/- 5% of the 100-m time. Blood samples were taken at rest, 5, 10, and 15 min after the first as well as 5 min after the second 100-m test for blood lactate determination. Heart rate was also recorded during the corresponding periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance time of the first 100 m was not different between conditions (P > .05). The second 100-m test after the 5ACT (64.49 +/- 3.85 s) condition was faster than 10ACT (65.49 +/- 4.63 s) and PAS (65.89 +/- 4.55 s) conditions (P < .05). Blood lactate during the 15-min recovery period between the 100-m efforts was lower in both active recovery conditions compared with passive recovery (P < .05). Heart rate was higher during the 5ACT and 10ACT conditions compared with PAS during the 15-min recovery period (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five minutes of active recovery during a 15-min interval period is adequate to facilitate blood lactate removal and enhance performance in swimmers. Passive recovery and/or 10 min of active recovery is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
authors.forename: Argyris G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Toubekis
authors.forename: Argiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Smilios
authors.forename: Helen T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Douda
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kourtesis
authors.forename: Savvas P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tokmakidis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid