title: Workplace social capital and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors: the Finnish Public Sector Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to examine the link between individual and ecological workplace social capital and the co-occurrence of adverse lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, heavy drinking, physical inactivity and overweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 25 897 female and 5476 male public sector employees were analysed. Questionnaire surveys conducted in 2000-2002 (baseline) and 2004-2005 (follow-up) were used to assess workplace social capital, lifestyle risk factors and other characteristics. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between individual and ecological social capital and the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cross-sectional analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status and employer, low social capital at work at both the individual and ecological level was associated with at least a 1.3 times higher odds of having more than two lifestyle risk factors versus having no risk factors. Similar associations were found in the prospective setting. However, additional adjustment for the co-occurrence of risk factors and socioeconomic status at baseline attenuated the result to non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social capital at work seems to be associated with a lowered risk of co-occurrence of multiple lifestyle risk factors but does not clearly predict the future risk of this co-occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Expertise for Work Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. Ari.Vaananen@ttl.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouvonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D017150:Public Sector / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult