title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease in patients with lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although lung cancer is frequently accompanied by COPD and interstitial lung disease (ILD), the precise coincidence of these diseases with lung cancer is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of abnormal CT and spirometric findings suggestive of COPD or ILD in a population of patients with untreated lung cancer, and to estimate the lung cancer risk in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 256 patients with untreated lung cancer and 947 subjects participating in a CT screening programme for lung cancer. Semi-quantitative analysis of low attenuation area (LAA), fibrosis and ground glass attenuation (GGA) on CT was performed by scoring. Gender- and age-matched subpopulations, with stratification by smoking status, were compared using the Mantel-Haenszel projection method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inter-observer consistency was excellent for LAA, but not as good for fibrosis or GGA scores. Pooled odds ratios for lung cancer risk using LAA, fibrosis, GGA scores and reduced FEV(1)/FVC and %VC were 3.63, 5.10, 2.71, 7.17 and 4.73, respectively (P < 0.0001 for all parameters). Multivariate regression analyses confirmed these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal CT and spirometric parameters suggestive of COPD and ILD were strong risk factors for lung cancer, even after adjusting for gender, age and smoking status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Graduaet School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motoori
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosu
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsushima
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013147:Spirometry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed