title: Survival-related profile, pathways, and transcription factors in ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to advanced stage at presentation and either intrinsic or acquired resistance to classic cytotoxic drugs such as platinum and taxoids. Recent large clinical trials with different combinations and sequences of classic cytotoxic drugs indicate that further significant improvement in prognosis by this type of drugs is not to be expected. Currently a large number of drugs, targeting dysregulated molecular pathways in cancer cells have been developed and are introduced in the clinic. A major challenge is to identify those patients who will benefit from drugs targeting these specific dysregulated pathways.The aims of our study were (1) to develop a gene expression profile associated with overall survival in advanced stage serous ovarian cancer, (2) to assess the association of pathways and transcription factors with overall survival, and (3) to validate our identified profile and pathways/transcription factors in an independent set of ovarian cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to a randomized design, profiling of 157 advanced stage serous ovarian cancers was performed in duplicate using approximately 35,000 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. A continuous predictor of overall survival was built taking into account well-known issues in microarray analysis, such as multiple testing and overfitting. A functional class scoring analysis was utilized to assess pathways/transcription factors for their association with overall survival. The prognostic value of genes that constitute our overall survival profile was validated on a fully independent, publicly available dataset of 118 well-defined primary serous ovarian cancers. Furthermore, functional class scoring analysis was also performed on this independent dataset to assess the similarities with results from our own dataset. An 86-gene overall survival profile discriminated between patients with unfavorable and favorable prognosis (median survival, 19 versus 41 mo, respectively; permutation p-value of log-rank statistic = 0.015) and maintained its independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis. Genes that composed the overall survival profile were also able to discriminate between the two risk groups in the independent dataset. In our dataset 17/167 pathways and 13/111 transcription factors were associated with overall survival, of which 16 and 12, respectively, were confirmed in the independent dataset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides new clues to genes, pathways, and transcription factors that contribute to the clinical outcome of serous ovarian cancer and might be exploited in designing new treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne P G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Crijns
authors.forename: Rudolf S N
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fehrmann
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gerbens
authors.forename: Gert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Meersma
authors.forename: Harry G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Klip
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hollema
authors.forename: Robert M W
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hofstra
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: te  Meerman
authors.forename: Elisabeth G E
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ate G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Zee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors