title: Gemini: a noninferiority study of saquinavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Direct comparison of the efficacy and safety of different agents is needed to guide selection of optimal treatment regimens for therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Gemini was a 48-week, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults randomized to either saquinavir/ritonavir (SQV/r) 1000 mg/100 mg twice a day or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) 400 mg/100 mg twice a day, each with emtricitabine/tenofovir 200 mg/300 mg every day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : A similar proportion of participants in the SQV/r (n = 167) and LPV/r (n = 170) arms had HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies per milliliter at week 48: 64.7% vs 63.5% and estimated difference in proportion for noninferiority: 1.14%, 96% confidence interval: -9.6 to11.9 (P < 0.012), confirming that SQV/r was noninferior to LPV/r treatment. There were no significant differences in week 48 CD4 counts between arms. The rate and severity of adverse events were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in the median change from baseline between arms in plasma lipids except for triglyceride levels, which were significantly higher in the LPV/r at week 48.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : In treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients, SQV/r treatment was noninferior in virologic suppression at 48 weeks to LPV/r treatment and offered a better triglyceride profile.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. sharon.walmsley@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walmsley
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
authors.forename: Jihad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slim
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunetta
authors.forename: U Fritz
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Bredeek
authors.forename: Dushyantha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayaweera
authors.forename: Carol Jean
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Guittari
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schutz
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raffi
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D008055:Lipids; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D061466:Lopinavir; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir