title: A new approach to characterize populations of Schistosoma mansoni from humans: development and assessment of microsatellite analysis of pooled miracidia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and assess a microsatellite technique to characterize populations of Schistosoma mansoni from humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of five patients, we calculated the allele count and frequency at 11 loci for several pools of miracidia (50 and 100), and compared these to population values, determined by amplifying microsatellites from 186 to 200 individual miracidia per patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to detect up to 94.5% of alleles in pools. Allele count and frequency strongly and significantly correlated between singles and pools; marginally significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected for one patient (pools of 50) for allele frequencies and for two patients (pools of 100) for allele counts. Kato-Katz egg counts and number of alleles per pool did not co-vary, indicating that further direct comparisons of the results from these two techniques are needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allele counts and frequency profiles from pooling provide important information about infection intensity and complexity, beyond that obtained from traditional methods. Although we are not advocating use of pooling to replace individual genotyping studies, it can potentially be useful in certain applications as a rapid and cost effective screening method for studies of S. mansoni population genetics, or as a more informative way to quantify and characterize human worm populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. bhanelt@unm.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hanelt
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Steinauer
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Maina
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Agola
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mkoji
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Loker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000469:parasitology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth