title: Ammonia removal by sweep gas membrane distillation.
abstract: Wastewater containing low levels of ammonia (100 mg/L) has been simulated in experiments with sweep gas membrane distillation at pH 11.5. The effects of feed temperature, gas flow rate and feed flow rate on ammonia removal, permeate flux and selectivity were investigated. The feed temperature is a crucial operating factor, with increasing feed temperature increasing the permeate flux significantly, but reducing the selectivity. The best-performing conditions of highest temperature and fastest gas flow rate resulted in 97% removal of the ammonia, to give a treated water containing only 3.3 mg/L of ammonia.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia. zongli.xie@csiro.au
authors.forename: Zongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Manh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Cuong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolto
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000641:Ammonia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D005740:Gases / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014873:Water Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia