title: L-band automatic-gain-controlled erbium-doped fiber amplifier utilizing C-band backward-amplified spontaneous emission and electrical feedback monitor.
abstract: A new L-band automatic-gain-controlled (AGC) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for dense wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission systems is presented, in which a single 1480 nm laser with an internal thermoelectric cooler is used as a primary pump for stable amplification. All C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is recycled by the secondary pump to enhance the gain efficiency. A fraction of the output signal is used as an electrical feedback monitor for the AGC to improve the gain-clamped (GC) flatness. Experimental results prove that the AGC EDFA has a gain flatness of better than 0.46 dB/40 nm, i.e., below 1.5%, and a higher gain of approximately 36.5 dB compared to that of approximately 35.3 dB for the conventional GC EDFA at -30 dBm input signal power. The best gain flatness of +/-0.25 dB can be achieved over the dynamic range greater than 20 dB. The dynamic range of noise figure is between 6.7 and 7.1. The 3 dB down bandwidth is more than 40 nm. Overall dynamics measurements for the AGC EDFA feedback stabilization have been carried out. The recorded corresponding rise time of 1.565 ms indicates that the system does not exhibit any overshoot of gain or ASE variation due to the signal at the beginning of the pulse.
authors.affiliation: Communications Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tungnan University,NO. 152, Sec. 3, Pei-Shen Road, Seng-Keng, Taipei 222, Taiwan, Republic of China. nabothshen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jyi-Lai
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yueh-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chia-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang