title: Effect of covering composting piles with mature compost on ammonia emission and microbial community structure of composting process.
abstract: To control ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization from the dairy cattle (Bos taurus) manure composting process, a compost pile was covered with mature compost and the gas emissions evaluated using the dynamic chamber system. The peak of NH(3) volatilization observed immediately after piling up of the compost was reduced from 196 to 62 mg/m(3) by covering the compost pile with mature compost. The accumulation of NH(4)-N to the covered mature compost was also observed. Covering and mixing the compost with mature compost had no effect on the microbial community structure. However, over time the microbial community structure changed because of a decrease in easily degradable organic compounds in the compost piles. The availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was considered to be important for microbial community structure in the compost. After the VFA had disappeared, the NO(3)-N concentration increased and the cellulose degrading bacteria such as Cytophaga increased in number.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Subteam for Waste Recycling System, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan. k_maeda@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osada
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia