title: Hair methylmercury levels of mummies of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
abstract: Ancient human hair specimens can shed light on the extent of pre-historic exposures to methylmercury and provide valuable comparison data with current-day exposures, particularly for Indigenous Peoples who continue to rely upon local traditional food resources. Human hair from ancient Aleutian Island Native remains were tested for total and methylmercury (Hg, MeHg) and were radiocarbon dated. The remains were approximately 500 years old (1450 A.D.). For four adults, the mean and median total hair mercury concentration was 5.8 ppm (SD=0.9). In contrast, MeHg concentrations were lower with a mean of 1.2 ppm (SD=1.8) and a median of 0.54 ppm (0.12-3.86). For the five infants, the mean and median MeHg level was 1.2 ppm (SD=1.8) and 0.20 ppm (0.007-4.61), respectively. Segmental analyses showed variations in MeHg concentrations in 1-cm segments, consistent with fluctuations in naturally occurring exposure to mercury through dietary sources. The levels are comparable to or lower than those found in fish and marine mammal-eating populations today who rely far less on subsistence food than pre-historic humans. The findings are, therefore, compatible with increased anthropogenic release of trace metals during the past several centuries.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada. grace.egeland@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Egeland
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.forename: Nicolas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knecht
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Middaugh
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D009106:Mummies
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds