title: Varenicline for smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Varenicline tartrate, a novel, selective, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, has been developed specifically as a smoking cessation drug. This study evaluated the efficacy of a standard regimen of varenicline compared with placebo for smoking cessation in 333 subjects in China, Singapore and Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of varenicline, 1 mg bd, consisted of a 12-week treatment period followed by a 12-week non-treatment follow-up period. The primary study end-point was the 4-week continuous abstinence rate defined as the proportion of subjects who reported total abstinence from smoking and other nicotine products from weeks 9-12. A key secondary end-point was the continuous abstinence rate from weeks 9-24, defined as the proportion of subjects who achieved the primary end-point as well as total abstinence from all tobacco products from weeks 13-24.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both end-points were achieved by a significantly higher proportion of subjects in the varenicline group than in the placebo group. The 4-week continuous abstinence end-point was achieved by 50.3% and 31.6% in the varenicline and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.0003), while continuous abstinence from weeks 9-24 was achieved by 38.2% and 25.0% of subjects, respectively (P = 0.0080). The treatment effect was generalizable by treatment centre and country. Varenicline was safe and appeared to be well tolerated by most subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varenicline was significantly more efficacious for smoking cessation than placebo over a 12-week treatment period and a further 12-week non-treatment follow-up period in smokers from China, Singapore and Thailand. No significant side-effects were noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco or Health, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. dumj@vip.sohu.net
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Kenneth Ping Wah
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Chaicharn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pothirat
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012846:Singapore; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods*; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000068580:Varenicline; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068580:Varenicline