title: Freely dissolved concentrations and sediment-water activity ratios of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the open Baltic Sea.
abstract: Aqueous concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the open sea have heretofore been measured by filtering and extracting large amounts of water. Measurement of freely dissolved concentrations with this technique is difficult because of corrections for sorption to dissolved organic matter. In this study we use a novel, more economic technique using equilibrium passive samplers consisting of 17-microm thin polyoxymethylene (POM-17), capable of measuring freely dissolved aqueous concentrations (Cw) in pristine (i.e., background) locations. POM-17 was employed in an extensive field campaign at five stations in the open Baltic sea to obtain Cw at two depths (1 m above the seafloor and 25 m below the surface). Median Cw in the overlying water was 2.3 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/m3 PCDD/Fs and 15 pg/L sum 7-PCB, with generally less than a factor two variation among sites and depths. Also freely dissolved concentrations of native compounds in the surface sediment porewater (C(PW)) were determined in laboratory batch experiments. The data were used to derive sediment-water activity ratios, which indicate the diffusive flux direction. It was found that the PCDD/Fs and PCBs were in close equilibrium between the sediment porewater and the overlying water. Comparison of C(PW) with total sediment concentrations indicated that more than 90% of the compounds were sorbed to sedimentary black carbon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Sciences (ITM), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. gco@ngi.no
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiberg
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.forename: Hans Peter H
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Arp
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundqvist
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jonsson
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls