title: Benzene risk estimation using radiation equivalent coefficients.
abstract: We estimated benzene risk using a novel framework of risk assessment that employed the measurement of radiation dose equivalents to benzene metabolites and a PBPK model. The highest risks for 1 microg/m(3) and 3.2 mg/m(3) life time exposure of benzene estimated with a linear regression were 5.4 x 10(-7) and 1.3 x 10(-3), respectively. Even though these estimates were based on in vitro chromosome aberration test data, they were about one-sixth to one-fourteenth that from other studies and represent a fairly good estimate by using radiation equivalent coefficient as an "internal standard."
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura 4, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan. nakayama@risk.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morisawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001554:Benzene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007700:Kinetics; D007938:Leukemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001554:Benzene