title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of tegafur-uracil/leucovorin combined with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  FOLFIRI is one of the current standard first-line regimens for advanced colorectal cancer, but its administration is onerous. Because the replacement of 2-day-infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) of FOLFIRI with oral tegafur-uracil/leucovorin (UFT/LV) would be highly beneficial for clinical management, we performed a phase I trial using oral UFT/LV and a pharmacokinetic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment consisted of infusional irinotecan (100 mg/m)/l-LV (15 mg/m) and a bolus injection of 5-FU (500 mg/m) on day 1, and oral UFT (300 mg as tegafur/m/d)/LV (75 mg/d) on days 1-5 (level 1), days 1-7 (level 2), or days 1-10 (level 3). Cycles were repeated every 14 days. After determination of the recommended UFT/LV administration period, irinotecan was dose-escalated (level 4: 125 mg/m; level 5: 150 mg/m).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were enrolled. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), grade 4 neutropenia lasting for > or =4 days was observed at level 2. At level 3, one DLT of treatment delay of > or =8 days occurred due to prolonged neutropenia, and 2 patients refused to continue the treatment because of prolonged grade 2 anorexia. Therefore, a 7-day administration of UFT/LV was recommended. No DLT was observed at levels 4 and 5. Pharmacokinetic evaluation suggested continuous exposure to 5-FU by means of oral UFT/LV administration in this combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommended administration period was 7 days for oral UFT/LV, and the recommended dose of irinotecan was 150 mg/m. A phase II study is ongoing to validate the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chayahara
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamori
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Hogara
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishisaki
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaeda
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005641:Tegafur; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin