title: Components derived from Pelargonium stimulate macrophage killing of Mycobacterium species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the capacity of extracts of Pelargonium reniforme and Pelargonium sidoides, plants of the Geraniaceae family, to stimulate the uptake and killing of mycobacteria by murine macrophages and to identify the constituents that are responsible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation of aqueous P. reniforme extracts yielded five chemically distinct structures with the capacity to increase the rate of intracellular killing by macrophages. These were: gallic acid, methyl gallate, myricetin and quercitin-3-O-beta-d-glucoside, in addition to the previously unrecognized constituent 1-O-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-6-O-galloyl-glucopyranoside. Kinetics of intracellular accumulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium fortuitum by macrophages were indistinguishable; pure preparations of the four previously known plant constituents stimulated macrophage killing, but not uptake, of M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum equally well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of distinct molecular species are present in the medicinal plant P. reniforme that stimulate the killing of the intracellular pathogen M. tuberculosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations support the view that Pelargonium extracts may have utility in the treatment of tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D019907:Mycobacterium fortuitum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D031316:Pelargonium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C052082:methyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; C040015:myricetin