title: Sleep and neurofunctions throughout child development: lasting effects of early iron deficiency.
abstract: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be the most common single nutrient deficiency in the world. Infants are at particular risk due to rapid growth and limited dietary sources of iron. An estimated 20% to 25% of the world's infants have IDA, with at least as many having iron deficiency without anemia. High prevalence is found primarily in developing countries, but also among poor, minority, and immigrant groups in developed ones. Infants with IDA test lower in mental and motor development assessments and show affective differences. After iron therapy, follow-up studies point to long-lasting differences in several domains. Neurofunctional studies showed slower neural transmission in the auditory system despite 1 year of iron therapy in IDA infants; they still had slower transmission in both the auditory and visual systems at preschool age. Different motor activity patterning in all sleep-waking states and several differences in sleep states organization were reported. Persistent sleep and neurofunctional effects could contribute to reduced potential for optimal behavioral and cognitive outcomes in children with a history of IDA.
authors.affiliation: Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. ppeirano@inta.cl
authors.forename: Patricio D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Peirano
authors.forename: Cecilia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Algarín
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chamorro
authors.forename: Sussanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Marcelo I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lozoff
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D007501:Iron