title: A simplified in vitro ligation approach to clone an E1B55k-deleted double-targeted conditionally-replicative adenovirus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Construction of conditionally-replicative Adenovirus (CRAd) is complex and time-consuming. While homologous recombination (HR) using a two-plasmid system in bacteria is commonly used to generate CRAds, alternative methods may be required when HR fails. Previously, in vitro ligation has been suggested to facilitate construction of E1/E3-deleted, replication-incompetent Ad vectors. However, in vitro ligation has only rarely been used to generate CRAds and may be a complex procedure for molecular biologists who are not experts in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A modified in vitro ligation approach was developed to construct a double-targeted, E1B55k-deleted CRAd. The method allowed the incorporation of a tumor-specific promoter, e.g. the heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter, upstream of E1a, deletion of the E1B55k gene, and HR-free cloning of the recombined E1Delta55k gene into the Ad genome. The genetic structure of the CRAd was confirmed using restriction analysis and PCR. The replication rate of the hsp70E1Delta55k CRAd was 1.5-2% of Ad without E1Delta55k deletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3-step cloning approach can generate a double-targeted, E1B55k-deleted CRAd using a straight-forward, modified in vitro ligation procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. yhaviv@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: Yosef S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Haviv
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017501:Adenovirus E1B Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D017501:Adenovirus E1B Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins