title: Plasma hepcidin levels are elevated but responsive to erythropoietin therapy in renal disease.
abstract: Hepcidin is a critical inhibitor of iron export from macrophages, enterocytes, and hepatocytes. Given that it is filtered and degraded by the kidney, its elevated levels in renal failure have been suggested to play a role in the disordered iron metabolism of uremia, including erythropoietin resistance. Here, we used a novel radioimmunoassay for hepcidin-25, the active form of the hormone, to measure its levels in renal disease. There was a significant diurnal variation of hepcidin and a strong correlation to ferritin levels in normal volunteers. In 44 patients with mild to moderate kidney disease, hepcidin levels were significantly elevated, positively correlated with ferritin but inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. In 94 stable hemodialysis patients, hepcidin levels were also significantly elevated, but this did not correlate with interleukin-6 levels, suggesting that increased hepcidin was not due to a general inflammatory state. Elevated hepcidin was associated with anemia, but, intriguingly, the erythropoietin dose was negatively correlated with hepcidin, suggesting that erythropoietin suppresses hepcidin levels. This was confirmed in 7 patients when hepcidin levels significantly decreased after initiation of erythropoietin treatment. Our results show that hepcidin is elevated in renal disease and suggest that higher hepcidin levels do not predict increased erythropoietin requirements.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK. d.ashby@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Damien R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busbridge
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Neill D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Taube
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Frederick W K
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000378:metabolism; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005293:Ferritins