title: Non-motor cognitive-perceptual dysfunction associated with drug-induced parkinsonism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and subjective non-motor cognitive impairments in schizophrenia by performing comprehensive assessments of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and the subjective cognitive-perceptual functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one outpatients with schizophrenia were evaluated for DIP and other EPS. Subjective cognitive-perceptual dysfunction was comprehensively assessed using the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ). To examine the association between DIP and non-motor cognitive-perceptual dysfunction, Pearson's partial correlation analysis was performed between the FCQ scores and the severity of DIP, controlling for relevant variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis revealed that the severity of DIP had a significant correlation with the total FCQ score (p < 0.05). In phenomenological subscales, the severity of DIP showed significant correlations with "deterioration of discrimination," "psychomotor disorder," "perceptual disorder," "cognitive floating," and "automatic behavior disorder" (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest that DIP is significantly associated with a wide range of subjective non-motor cognitive impairments. Clinicians should be careful of the appearance of DIP and the associated non-motor cognitive-perceptual symptoms, which may cause considerable distress and reduce the quality of life in an already vulnerable group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea. jhnp@chol.com
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents