title: Solid-phase microextraction with micellar desorption and HPLC-fluorescence detection for the analysis of fluoroquinolones residues in water samples.
abstract: A sensitive and useful method based on solid-phase microextraction with micellar desorption (SPME-MD) coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of five fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) in environmental water matrices. The SPME extraction efficiency was optimized with regard to time, temperature, pH, and ionic strength using a CW-TPR fiber. A detailed study about the optimum conditions for micellar desorption (surfactant type, concentration, and desorption time) were made. Among different surfactants studied, Polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether showed the best responses to extract fluoroquinolones using SPME-MD. Relative standard deviations of the developed method were below 9%. Limits of detection and quantification were between 0.01-0.2 and 0.03-0.6 ng mL(-1), respectively. The recoveries achieved for all five compounds were in the 81-116% range. The proposed method was compared using conventional desorbing agent as methanol. Finally, the SPME-MD methodology was applied to the determination of these target analytes in several environmental liquid samples, including seawater, groundwater, and wastewater samples with excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montesdeoca Esponda
authors.forename: Ma Esther
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Torres Padrón
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sosa Ferrera
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Santana Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008823:Micelles; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water