title: Portuguese validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is a widely used screening tool for dissociative symptoms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity and internal consistency of a Portuguese version and determine if it accurately identified dissociative pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original DES underwent a "forward-backward" translation process. The translated form was used on 570 participants divided into 3 subgroups: 113 patients with dissociative symptoms, 233 psychiatric patients with various psychopathological disorders, and 224 normal individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A principal components analysis with all of the participants yielded 4 factors that accounted for 56.3% of the variance. Reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha was .94. The receiver operating characteristic curve applied to the cutoff analysis revealed a value of 30 comparing the 2 clinical groups and contrasting the dissociative-based group with the nonclinical group. The ability of the DES to correctly classify those with and without the disease was very good. Sensitivity was 65.0% and specificity was 86.0% with the cutoff score of 30 from the comparison between dissociative symptomatic disorders and the other psychopathological disorders. Comparing the dissociative symptomatic group with the nonclinical group, we found that sensitivity was 65.0% and specificity was 100%. The mean DES scores for the 3 subgroups were significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are in some degree analogous to those in other studies and suggest that the DES is a reliable and valid screen for the Portuguese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Rua Augusta 46, Coimbra, Portugal. helenum@gmail.com
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Espírito Santo
authors.forename: José Luís Pio
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abreu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations