title: The spectrum of eosinophilic cystitis in males: case series and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is an inflammatory condition of the bladder that has been linked to food allergens, infectious agents, drugs, and other genitourinary conditions. Like interstitial cystitis, EC has a strong female predominance. It is characterized by an intense eosinophilic infiltrate in the acute phase and fibrosis in the chronic phase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document and focus on specific features of EC in males and highlight the relationship between clinical and histopathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bladder biopsies of male patients were reviewed. Eight cases of EC were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several known associations were noted as well as unreported features and associations such as Charcot-Leyden crystals, celiac disease, lupus anticoagulant, and additional viral and bacterial agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eosinophilic cystitis represents a response to a variety of agents and may often be overlooked. The temporally biphasic morphologic features are the hallmark of this condition. Because clinical and imaging studies are not specific, a high index of clinical suspicion is often crucial to the correct diagnosis and proper management of EC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Oana-Eugenia
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.forename: Steve K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Landas
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015653:Cystectomy; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008245:Lysophospholipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D008245:Lysophospholipase; C011711:lysolecithin acylhydrolase