title: Fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium obtained by electrochemical deposition.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) coatings were deposited on titanium substrates using an electrochemical technique. Different concentrations of F(-) ions were incorporated into the apatite structure by adding NaF into the electrolyte. Typical apatite structures were obtained for all the coatings after electrodeposition and subsequent post-treatment, including alkaline immersion and vacuum calcination. The coatings were uniform and dense, with a thickness of approximately 5 microm. When the F-concentration was higher than 0.012 M in the electrolyte, a saturation of F in the coating occurred and the F/Ca ratio in the coatings became almost constant (F/Ca ratio=0.125). The FHA coatings showed higher bonding strength and lower dissolution rate than HA coating, particularly for those with a fluoridation level of 0.5-0.625. Compared with pure Ti, FHA and HA coatings exhibited higher biological affinity like cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. Regarding clinical application, it is suggested that a moderate content of F, such as Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)(OH)(0.375-0.5)F(0.5-0.625), be most suitable as a compromise among cell attachment, cell proliferation, apatite deposition and dissolution resistance.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yonglie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Qianbing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004573:Electrolytes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004573:Electrolytes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C028869:fluor-hydroxylapatite; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase