title: Type 2 diabetes in urban black and rural white women.
abstract: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe and compare physiological, psychosocial, and self-management characteristics of urban black and rural white women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the northeast United States.
  
  
  
  A descriptive, cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted with baseline data from 2 independent study samples: rural white women and urban black women.
  
  
  
  Results revealed the sample were on average educated, working, low-income, mid-life women with poor glycemic and blood pressure control, despite having a usual source of primary care. When compared, black women were younger, had lower income levels, worked more, and were often single and/or divorced. They had worse glycemic control, significantly higher levels of diabetes-related emotional distress, and less support than white women.
  
  
  
  Despite differences in geography and study findings, both groups had suboptimal physiological and psychosocial levels that impede self-management. These findings serve to aid in the understanding of health disparities, emphasizing the importance of developing and evaluating effective interventions of diabetes care for women with T2D.
authors.affiliation: The Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Gail D'Eramo
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Melkus
authors.affiliation: The Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.affiliation: The Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D011203:Poverty; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012648:Self Care; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose