title: Seafood intoxication by tetrodotoxin: first case in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tetrodotoxin is considered the most lethal toxin in the marine environment. Prior cases of intoxication previously described correspond to consumption of tetrodotoxin in tropical or subtropical regions of Asia or the Pacific Islands.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present the first European case of tetrodotoxin intoxication in a patient who ingested part of a trumpet shellfish (Charonia sauliae) from the Atlantic Ocean in Southern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient suffered general paralysis, including the respiratory muscles, a few minutes after the consumption of a few grams of C. sauliae. Intubation and mechanical ventilation were necessary for 52 h after the intoxication. The corresponding electrophysiologic studies showed complete non-excitability, with no recordable sensory or motor nerve conduction. We detected the presence of tetrodotoxin in the mollusk and the patient's blood and urine by means of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis technique. A previous bioassay showed extremely high quantities of the toxin in the mollusk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case alerts us to the possibility of a very harmful biotoxin in European coastal waters. This now should be included in the differential diagnosis of similar cases in Europe, and we must be vigilant for its possible presence in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ortega
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales-de los Santos
authors.forename: Manuel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Herrera-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Sánchez
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Loureo
authors.forename: Amparo Alfonso
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rancaño
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Téllez-Andrade
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000506:poisoning*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000506:poisoning*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013779:Tetrodotoxin