title: Toxic effects of copper on antioxidative and metabolic enzymes of the marine gastropod, Onchidium struma.
abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate the acute and sublethal toxicity of copper (Cu(2+)) on the marine gastropod, Onchidium struma, and to examine the utility of enzymatic parameters as indicators of Cu(2+) exposure. In a semistatic renewal test, the 96-hour median lethal concentration of Cu(2+) for O. struma, 74.80 mg/L, was higher than that for other intertidal species. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and those of the metabolic enzymes-acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) -in both hepatopancreas and muscle were determined after a 1-week exposure to Cu(2+) (range 1.35 to 4.20 mg/L). The activities of both Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT were higher in hepatopancreas than muscle. In addition, there was a negative correlation between Cu(2+) concentration and Cu/Zn-SOD activity in hepatopancreas, whereas a positive correlation was observed for CAT activity. Concentration-dependent changes in ACP and AKP activity showed a similar trend in hepatopancreas, increasing then decreasing and, finally, a slight increase. In contrast, ACP activity was positively correlated with Cu(2+) across the concentration range tested. In both hepatopancreas and muscle, both GOT and GPT were activated by lower concentrations of Cu(2+) and inhibited at higher concentrations.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yun-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yong-xu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase