title: Identification of allosteric PIF-pocket ligands for PDK1 using NMR-based fragment screening and 1H-15N TROSY experiments.
abstract: Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway because of genetic mutations of essential signalling proteins has been associated with human diseases including cancer and diabetes. The pivotal role of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3K signalling cascade has made it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The N-terminal lobe of the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 catalytic domain contains a docking site which recognizes the non-catalytic C-terminal hydrophobic motifs of certain substrate kinases. The binding of substrate in this so-called PDK1 Interacting Fragment pocket allows interaction with 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and enhanced phosphorylation of downstream kinases. NMR spectroscopy was used to a screen 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 domain construct against a library of chemically diverse fragments in order to identify small, ligand-efficient fragments that might interact at either the ATP site or the allosteric PDK1 Interacting Fragment pocket. While majority of the fragment hits were determined to be ATP-site binders, several fragments appeared to interact with the PDK1 Interacting Fragment pocket. Ligand-induced changes in 1H-15N TROSY spectra acquired using uniformly 15N-enriched PDK1 provided evidence to distinguish ATP-site from PDK1 Interacting Fragment-site binding. Caliper assay data and 19F NMR assay data on the PDK1 Interacting Fragment pocket fragments and structurally related compounds identified them as potential allosteric activators of PDK1 function.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA. brian.j.stockman@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stockman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kothe
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohls
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weibley
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Alissa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sheils
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ajith V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Yuan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Maura E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Charlton
mesh_terms: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000495:Allosteric Site; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D006859:Hydrogen; D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; C578562:PDPK1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D009584:Nitrogen