title: Development and validation of the short grit scale (grit-s).
abstract: In this article, we introduce brief self-report and informant-report versions of the Grit Scale, which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) retains the 2-factor structure of the original Grit Scale (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) with 4 fewer items and improved psychometric properties. We present evidence for the Grit-S's internal consistency, test-retest stability, consensual validity with informant-report versions, and predictive validity. Among adults, the Grit-S was associated with educational attainment and fewer career changes. Among adolescents, the Grit-S longitudinally predicted GPA and, inversely, hours watching television. Among cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, the Grit-S predicted retention. Among Scripps National Spelling Bee competitors, the Grit-S predicted final round attained, a relationship mediated by lifetime spelling practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA. duckwort@psych.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Angela Lee
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010551:Personality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult