title: Differential pathogenicity of SHIV infection in pig-tailed and rhesus macaques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differential pathogenicity has been observed in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques following primate lentivirus infection. However, little is known about the comparative susceptibility of pig-tailed macaques to lentivirus infection and diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the in vivo infectivity and pathogenicity of a CCR5-tropic SHIV(SF162 P4) after intravenous, intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation in rhesus and pig-tailed macaques. Plasma viral load, peripheral blood CD4(+) T cell counts and clinical signs were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both rhesus and pig-tailed macaques are similarly susceptible to SHIV(SF162 P4) infection by intravenous and mucosal routes. However, infection was significantly more robust in pig-tailed macaques than in rhesus, resulting in persistent viremia in 9/21 pig-tails vs. 2/24 rhesus (P < 0.013) and severe CD4(+) T-cell depletion in 2/21 pig-tails (vs. none in rhesus).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together with earlier observations, our findings underscore the importance of considering host genetic and immunological factors when comparing vaccine efficacy in different macaque species.
authors.affiliation: Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polacino
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galmin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suschak
authors.forename: Zane
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stamatatos
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bandivdekar
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Shiu-Lok
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014766:Viremia / Q000662:veterinary