title: Time-dependent appearance of intrathrombus neutrophils and macrophages in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age determination.
abstract: We immunohistochemically examined neutrophils and macrophages in venous thrombi, which developed in the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils and F4/80-positive macrophages were detected in the whole course of thrombi after IVC ligation. Morphometrically, the number of neutrophils was greatest at 1 day after IVC ligation and, thereafter, gradually decreased with an increase of the post-ligation interval. In contrast, the number of macrophages peaked at 7 days after ligation. The number of intrathrombus neutrophils was significantly higher than that of intrathrombus macrophages at 1 and 3 days, and the average ratios of neutrophils to macrophages (N/M ratios) were 6.8 +/- 1.1 (4.8-9.0) and 2.5 +/- 0.4 (1.7-4.2) at 1 and 3 days, respectively. After more than 5 days, all samples had N/M ratios of <2.0 (0.2-1.4). These observations suggest that an N/M ratio of >2.0 indicates a thrombus age of 1-3 days. To differentiate between 1- and 3-day-old thrombi, an N/M ratio markedly exceeding 5.0 strongly indicates an age of 1 day. Furthermore, an N/M ratio of 1.0 or less probably indicates an age of more than 5 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of intrathrombus neutrophils and macrophages was suitable to determine the age of venous thrombi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology*