title: Streptococcus-, Shigella-, and Listeria-induced autophagy.
abstract: Autophagy has recently been described as an intrinsic host defense system for recognizing and eliminating intracellular-invading bacterial pathogens. Some cytoplasmic-invading bacteria are trapped through the process of autophagy and are ultimately degraded within autolysosomal compartments. However, others exhibit highly evolved maneuvers for circumventing autophagic recognition and are capable of surviving and replicating within the cytoplasm. In this chapter, we describe bacterial infectious systems using group A Streptococcus, Shigella flexneri, and Listeria monocytogenes as examples of the interplay between bacteria and autophagy; in addition, methods for investigating bacterial activities related to the recognition of bacteria by the autophagic machinery or the escape of bacteria from autophagy are introduced.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial Infection, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Michinaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hain
authors.forename: Trinad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*