title: The effects of caffeine ingestion on time trial cycling performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of caffeine on high intensity time trial (TT) cycling performance in well-trained subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male cyclists with the following physical characteristics (mean +/- SD) age 30.7 +/- 12, height 179.3 +/- 7.5 cm, mass 70.0 +/- 7.5 kg, VO2max 65.0 +/- 6.3 mL.kg-1.min-1 undertook three 1-h TT performances, control (C), placebo (P) and caffeine (CAF), on a Velotron cycle ergometer conducted in a double-blind, random fashion. Subjects rested for 60 min and were then given CAF or P in a dose of 6 mg.kg-1 body mass and then commenced exercise after another 60 min of rest. Before ingestion, 60 min postingestion, and at the end of the TT, finger-prick blood samples were analyzed for lactate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cyclists rode significantly further in the CAF trial (28.0 +/- 1.3 km) than they did in the C (26.3 +/- 1.5 km, P < .01) or P (26.4 +/- 1.5 km, P < .02) trials. No differences were seen in heart rate data throughout the TT (P > .05). Blood lactate levels were significantly higher at the end of the trials than either at rest or postingestion (P < .0001), but there were no differences between the three trial groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the data, we concluded that performance was improved with the use of a caffeine supplement.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Hull, UK.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McNaughton
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegler
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002110:Caffeine