title: Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 toxinotype V found in diarrhoeal pigs identical to isolates from affected humans.
abstract: In diseased piglets from two Dutch pig-breeding farms with neonatal diarrhoea for more than a year, culture and PCR analyses identified the involved microorganism as Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 harbouring toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB), and binary toxin genes. Isolated strains showed a 39 bp deletion in the tcdC gene and they were ermB gene-negative. A number of 11 porcine and 21 human isolated C. difficile PCR ribotype 078 toxinotype V strains were found genetically related by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Moreover, a clonal complex was identified, containing both porcine and human isolates. The porcine isolates showed an antimicrobial susceptibility profile overlapping that of isolates from Dutch human patients. On the basis of these pheno- and genotypical analyses results, it was concluded that the strains from affected piglets were indistinguishable from increasingly encountered C. difficile PCR ribotype 078 strains of human C. difficile infections in the Dutch population and that a common origin of animal and humans strains should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylvia B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Debast
authors.forename: Leo A M G
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Leengoed
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goorhuis
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmanus
authors.forename: Ed J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuijper
authors.forename: Aldert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bergwerff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial