title: Race/Ethnicity differences in the inpatient management of acute asthma in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The only published US study on racial/ethnic disparities in inpatient asthma management was performed in 1989-1990 at a single center. The authors reported that black and Hispanic children were provided substandard care at hospital discharge compared to white children. The purpose of the present analysis was to reexamine this important issue in a large multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study of 1,232 children and adults hospitalized with a physician diagnosis of acute asthma at 30 hospitals in 22 US states was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort included 562 children (age range, 2 to 17 years; 39% white; 42% black; and 19% Hispanic) and 670 adults (age range, 18 to 54 years; 44% white; 44% black; and 12% Hispanic). There were no significant racial/ethnic differences in the choice of inpatient medications or length of stay among either children or adults. At hospital discharge, Hispanic children were less likely to receive an asthma action plan (37%) compared to white children (60%) or black children (63%; p < 0.001). Multivariate adjustment for eight variables (including socioeconomic status, hospital admissions for asthma in the past year, medication use prior to presentation, physical examination findings, and hospital admission location) attenuated the statistical significance of this association (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not identify racial/ethnic disparities in the inpatient treatment and outcomes for children or adults with acute asthma. At hospital discharge, Hispanic children were less likely to receive an asthma action plan compared to white or black children, possibly due to language or socioeconomic differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Divay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: ccamargo@partners.org.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult