A systematic review of interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems.
OBJECTIVE
To review systematically the interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems to find out which classification should be used in daily practice.


BACKGROUND
Pressure ulcer classification systems are important tools in research and practice. They aim at providing accurate and precise communication, documentation and treatment decisions. Pressure ulcer classifications are criticised for their low degree of interrater reliability.


METHODS
Systematic review.


METHODS
The data bases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the World Wide Web were searched. Original research studies estimating interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers.


RESULTS
Twenty-four out of 339 potentially relevant studies were included in the final data synthesis. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies a meaningful comparison was impossible.


CONCLUSIONS
There is at present not enough evidence to recommend a specific pressure ulcer classification system for use in daily practice. Interrater reliability studies are required, in which comparable raters apply different pressure ulcer classification systems to comparable samples.


CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to determine the interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classifications among all users in clinical practice. If interrater reliability is low the use of those systems is questionable. On the basis of this review there are no recommendations as to which system is to be given preference.
Kottner
Jan
J
Department of Nursing Science, Centre for Humanities and Health Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. jan.kottner@charite.de
Raeder
Kathrin
K
Halfens
Ruud
R
Dassen
Theo
T
D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000145:classification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results