title: Feasibility and reference values of left atrial longitudinal strain imaging by two-dimensional speckle tracking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of speckle tracking in the assessment of left atrial (LA) deformation dynamics is not established. We sought to determine the feasibility and reference ranges of LA longitudinal strain indices measured by speckle tracking in a population of normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 healthy individuals, peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and time to peak longitudinal strain (TPLS) were measured using a 12-segment model for the left atrium. Values were obtained by averaging all segments (global PALS and TPLS) and by separately averaging segments measured in the two apical views (4- and 2-chamber average PALS and TPLS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate tracking quality was achieved in 97% of segments analyzed. Inter and intra-observer variability coefficients of measurements ranged between 2.9% and 5.4%. Global PALS was 42.2 +/- 6.1% (5-95 degrees percentile range 32.2-53.2%), and global TPLS was 368 +/- 30 ms (5-95 degrees percentile range 323-430 ms). The 2-chamber average PALS was slightly higher than the 4-chamber average PALS (44.3 +/- 6.0% vs 40.1 +/- 7.9%, p < 0.0001), whereas no differences in TPLS were found (p = 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speckle tracking is a feasible technique for the assessment of longitudinal myocardial LA deformation. Reference ranges of strain indices were reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. cameli@cheapnet.it
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cameli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondillo
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballo
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palmerini
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galderisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016275:Atrial Function; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult