title: Carbon dioxide-induced anesthesia results in a rapid increase in plasma levels of vasopressin.
abstract: Brief anesthesia, such as after exposure to high levels of carbon dioxide, prior to decapitation is considered a more humane alternative for the euthanasia of rodents, compared with use of decapitation alone. Studies of the levels of certain stress hormones in plasma such as corticosterone and ACTH have supported the use of this method of euthanasia in endocrinological and molecular studies. In the current study, rats were briefly exposed to a chamber filled with carbon dioxide until recumbent (20-25 sec), immediately killed via decapitation, and trunk blood collected; findings were compared with rats killed via decapitation with no exposure to carbon dioxide. RIAs were used to measure arginine vasopressin (AVP) and ACTH immunoreactivity (ir) in plasma. Whereas ACTH-ir levels remained steady after brief exposure to carbon dioxide (in accordance with results of other investigators), AVP-ir levels were increased by more than an order of magnitude. These results were confirmed by quantitative capillary-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating this observation of rapid increase in plasma AVP-ir levels is not due to nonspecific recognition by the antibody used in the RIA. Likewise, using capillary-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we observed a rapid increase in plasma oxytocin levels after carbon dioxide exposure. These surprising findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of studies involving brief carbon dioxide exposure prior to decapitation as well as those with euthanasia resulting from carbon dioxide-induced asphyxiation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Gaseous Ion Chemistry and MassSpectrometry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. reedb@rockefeller.edu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varon
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.forename: Mary Jeanne
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kreek
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005065:Euthanasia; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000097:blood; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014667:Vasopressins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010121:Oxytocin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone