title: Prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deafness in dogs is frequently associated with the pigment genes piebald and merle. Little is known about the prevalence of deafness in dogs carrying the merle allele.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous and homozygous for the merle allele of the mouse Silver pigment locus homolog (SILV) gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-three privately owned merle dogs of different breeds and both sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearing was tested by brainstem auditory-evoked response and classified as bilaterally hearing, unilaterally deaf, or bilaterally deaf. DNA from buccal cells was genotyped as either heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele. Deafness association tests among merle genotype, eye color, and sex were performed by the chi(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deafness prevalence in merles overall was 4.6% unilaterally deaf and 4.6% bilaterally deaf. There was a significant association between hearing status and heterozygous versus homozygous merle genotype. For single merles (Mm), 2.7% were unilaterally deaf and 0.9% were bilaterally deaf. For double merles (MM), 10% were unilaterally deaf and 15% were bilaterally deaf. There was no significant association with eye color or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deafness prevalence in merle dogs was greater than that in some dog breeds homozygous for the piebald gene, such as the English Cocker Spaniel, but comparable to, or lower than, that in the Dalmatian and white Bull Terrier. Dogs homozygous for the merle allele were significantly more likely to be deaf than heterozygotes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. strain@lsu.edu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003638:Deafness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D004247:DNA