title: Annual expenditures for nursing home care: private and public payer price growth, 1977 to 2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term nursing home care is primarily funded by out-of-pocket payments and public Medicaid programs. Few studies have explored price growth in nursing home care, particularly trends in the real cost of a year spent in a nursing home.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in private and public prices for annual nursing home care from 1977 to 2004, and to compare nursing home price growth to overall price growth and growth in the price of medical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated annual private prices for nursing home care between 1977 and 2004 using data from the National Nursing Home Survey. We compared private nursing home price growth to public prices obtained from surveys of state Medicaid offices, and evaluated the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Indexes to compare prices for nursing homes, medical care, and general goods and services over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual private pay nursing homes prices grew by 7.5% annually from $8645 in 1977 to $60,249 in 2004. Medicaid prices grew by 6.7% annually from $9491 in 1979 to $48,056 in 2004. Annual price growth for private pay nursing home care outpaced medical care and other goods and services (7.5% vs. 6.6% and 4.4%, respectively) between 1977 and 2004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recent rapid growth in nursing home prices is likely to persist, because of an aging population and greater disability among the near-elderly. The result will place increasing financial pressure on Medicaid programs. Better data on nursing prices are critical for policy-makers and researchers.
authors.affiliation: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc, Washington, DC 20024, USA. kstewart@mathematica-mpr.com
authors.forename: Kate A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: Darius N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lakdawalla
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D001509:Bed Occupancy; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005249:Fees and Charges / Q000639:trends; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006276:Health Facility Size; D006801:Humans; D007250:Inflation, Economic; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010067:Ownership; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States