High tandem repeat content in the genome of the short-lived annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri: a new vertebrate model for aging research.
BACKGROUND
The annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri is the vertebrate with the shortest known life span in captivity. Fish of the GRZ strain live only three to four months under optimal laboratory conditions, show explosive growth, early sexual maturation and age-dependent physiological and behavioral decline, and express aging related biomarkers. Treatment with resveratrol and low temperature significantly extends the maximum life span. These features make N. furzeri a promising new vertebrate model for age research.


RESULTS
To contribute to establishing N. furzeri as a new model organism, we provide a first insight into its genome and a comparison to medaka, stickleback, tetraodon and zebrafish. The N. furzeri genome contains 19 chromosomes (2n = 38). Its genome of between 1.6 and 1.9 Gb is the largest among the analyzed fish species and has, at 45%, the highest repeat content. Remarkably, tandem repeats comprise 21%, which is 4-12 times more than in the other four fish species. In addition, G+C-rich tandem repeats preferentially localize to centromeric regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on coding sequences identifies medaka as the closest relative. Genotyping of an initial set of 27 markers and multi-locus fingerprinting of one microsatellite provides the first molecular evidence that the GRZ strain is highly inbred.


CONCLUSIONS
Our work presents a first basis for systematic genomic and genetic analyses aimed at understanding the mechanisms of life span determination in N. furzeri.
Reichwald
Kathrin
K
Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr,, 07745 Jena, Germany. kathrinr@fli-leibniz.de
Lauber
Chris
C
Nanda
Indrajit
I
Kirschner
Jeanette
J
Hartmann
Nils
N
Schories
Susanne
S
Gausmann
Ulrike
U
Taudien
Stefan
S
Schilhabel
Markus B
MB
Szafranski
Karol
K
Glöckner
Gernot
G
Schmid
Michael
M
Cellerino
Alessandro
A
Schartl
Manfred
M
Englert
Christoph
C
Platzer
Matthias
M
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005399:Fishes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010802:Phylogeny; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
D000975:Antioxidants; D005819:Genetic Markers; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol