title: Regular physical exercise improves physical motor functions and biochemical markers in middle-age and elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifestyle-related diseases among middle-age and elderly people have become serious problems. Underlying causes might be related to the changes in the lifestyle including the absence of regular physical exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the significance of regular physical exercise to prevent lifestyle-related diseases, we studied motor functions and blood chemistry examinations in middle-age and elderly women (over 40 years old) who performed regular physical exercise for 2 years (exercise group) and those who initially did not (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study 1, VO2max significantly increased in the exercise group compared with the control group in the under 60 years old groups. In the over 60 years old groups, VO2max, foot balance, and HDL cholesterol significantly increased. Plasma glucose at 120 minutes after the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) significantly decreased in the exercise group compared with the control group. In study 2, a 1-year exercise program significantly improved physical functions and biochemical markers in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that regular physical exercise might help to maintain sound motor functions and decrease insulin resistance and a risk for arteriosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Physical Educatin, Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein