title: Anatomical and clinical study on effects of sonography with pulse inversion and microbubble contrast in rabbit kidney.
abstract: Aim of the present study was to evaluate by transmission electron microscope (TEM) modifications in rabbit kidney-parenchyma after submission to ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) with Pulse Inversion Harmonic Imaging (PIHI). Seven inbred male albino rabbits were divided into three groups: 1) control group (n = 1 animal); 2) sonicated group (n = 3 animals); 3) sonicated group with UCA injection (CEUS) (n = 3 animals). The first group was not exposed to ultrasonography (US) and/or UCA. The second and third groups underwent baseline US and later to US with PIHI with a high mechanical index; in the third group UCA was simultaneously administered. Ultrastructural studies and image analysis were blindly performed on 50 samples (2mm3), including cortex and medulla, by two experienced pathologists with TEM. By TEM observations of the first and second groups showed no structural modifications of renal cortex and medulla. TEM observations of the third group showed ultrastructural changes of renal corpuscle, proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules; further in the most of observed sections the filtration membrane had an alteration of typical trilaminar pattern and vacuolisation of glomerular endothelial cells with irregular edges. Therefore in rabbit kidney submitted to CEUS some ultrastructural modifications were observed.
authors.affiliation: DI.ME.S. Sezione Anatomia Umana, Palermo. bigvalentino@libero.it
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Elvira Farina
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lipari
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lipari
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvaggio
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lagalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007673:Kidney Cortex Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011817:Rabbits; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media