title: Protective effects of antidepressants against chronic fatigue syndrome-induced behavioral changes and biochemical alterations.
abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by profound fatigue, which substantially interferes with daily activities. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of antidepressants in an animal model of CFS in mice. Male albino mice were forced to swim individually for a period of 6-min session each for 7 days. Imipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg), desipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg) and citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered 30 min before forced swimming test on each day. Various behavior tests (immobility time, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior by plus maze and mirror chamber) followed by biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase and nitrite level) were assessed in chronic stressed mice. Chronic forced swimming for 7 days significantly caused increase in immobility period, impairment in locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and oxidative stress (raised lipid peroxidation, nitrite activity and reduced glutathione and catalase activity) as compared with naïve mice (P < 0.05). Seven days of pretreatment with imipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg), desipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg), and citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced immobility time, improved locomotor activity and anti-anxiety effect (in both plus maze and mirror chamber test), and attenuated oxidative stress in chronic stressed mice as compared with control (chronic fatigues) (P < 0.05). These results suggested that these drugs have protective effect and could be used in the management of chronic fatigue like conditions.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. kumaruips@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ruchika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015283:Citalopram / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003891:Desipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015283:Citalopram; D007099:Imipramine; D003891:Desipramine