title: Hormonal changes and somatopsychologic manifestations in the first trimester of pregnancy and post partum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate links between psychologic distress and levels of maternal hormones and cortisol during pregnancy and post partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population of 308 pregnant or recently delivered women was divided into 4 equal groups, 3 representing each pregnancy trimester and the fourth one representing the first week of the postpartum period. The women were screened for psychological distress and had blood drawn to measure serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and total cortisol on the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of anxiety and depression were higher in the first trimester and the postpartum groups. Depression was correlated with sharp changes in estradiol and progesterone levels; anxiety was correlated with total cortisol level; and there was a correlation between depression and anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sharp changes in maternal hormone levels were correlated with depression; depression was correlated with anxiety; and anxiety was correlated with elevated cortisol levels, which may adversely affect the health of mother and offspring. Measuring maternal hormones may be a diagnostic tool to evaluate psychologic stress and associated risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. happyling@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Fenling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Aiqun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Xiancang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D006854:Hydrocortisone