title: Prolonged protection against Intranasal challenge with influenza virus following systemic immunization or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations with a heat-labile toxin mutant.
abstract: Seasonal influenza virus infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the world, and there is a serious threat of a pandemic influenza with the potential to cause millions of deaths. Therefore, practical influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies that can confer protection against intranasal infection with influenza viruses are needed. In this study, we demonstrate that using LTK63, a nontoxic mutant of the heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli, as an adjuvant for both mucosal and systemic immunizations, systemic (intramuscular) immunization or combinations of mucosal (intranasal) and intramuscular immunizations protected mice against intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of live influenza virus at 3.5 months after the second immunization.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA.
authors.forename: Fengmin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodsell
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vajdy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli