Perinatal risk factors in young adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes - a population-based case-control study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of the size of the mother and the newborn, including placental weight and gestational age at delivery, on the risk for young adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).


METHODS
Case-control study.


METHODS
Finland.


METHODS
Subjects with T1DM and T2DM aged 15-39 at diagnosis between the years 1992 and 1996. The number of case-control pairs was 858 for T1DM and 355 for T2DM.


METHODS
Diabetic subjects were identified from the Finnish national healthcare registers and reports from diabetes nurses. Control subjects were obtained from the population register. Data on perinatal factors were obtained from the original healthcare records. The odds ratios (ORs) for both types of diabetes were estimated using conditional logistic regression.


RESULTS
The risk for early-onset T2DM decreased with increasing birthweight until 4.2 kg (OR 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.37-0.66) per 1 kg), but with birthweight above 4.2 kg the risk increased (OR 4.8 (1.3-17.6) per 1 kg). The risk for T2DM decreased also with increasing birth length (OR 0.88 (0.81-0.95) per 1 cm), body mass index at birth (OR 0.81 (0.73-0.90) per 1 kg/m2), and placental weight (OR 0.77 (0.61-0.98) per 100 g). The latter was not significant when adjusted for birthweight. The examined perinatal factors did not affect the risk for T1DM in young adults.


CONCLUSIONS
Birth size significantly affects the risk for T2DM diagnosed in young adulthood but no evidence was found of an association between late-onset T1DM and perinatal factors.
Lammi
Niina
N
Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. niina.lammi@helsinki.fi
Blomstedt
Paul A
PA
Moltchanova
Elena
E
Eriksson
Johan G
JG
Tuomilehto
Jaakko
J
Karvonen
Marjatta
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009929:Organ Size; D018743:Perinatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult