Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
BACKGROUND
Biological control of phytophagous mites in orchards requires that pesticides used to manage other arthropod pests or diseases are harmless to predacious mites, as these are essential to keep phytophagous mites at non-injurious population levels. This study evaluates the possible toxic attributes of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, spirodiclofen, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide currently used in western Canadian orchards.


RESULTS
None of these pesticides has any ovicidal properties against Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt). Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were highly toxic to the adults and reduced fecundity significantly. Thiamethoxam and spirodiclofen were non-toxic to adults, but they slightly reduced fecundity. Thiacloprid, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide were harmless to adults and had no effect on fecundity. All compounds showed some repellence at 24 h intervals for 72 h.


CONCLUSIONS
Imidacloprid and acetamiprid are incompatible with IPM programs because they are toxic to adults and negatively affect fecundity. Thiamethoxam and spirodiclofen need further field evaluation to determine if they are compatible with IPM programs because they slightly reduced fecundity. Thiacloprid, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide are harmless to adults, but they are slightly repellent. Therefore, with the exception of imidacloprid and acetamiprid, all these compounds should be field tested for compatibility in an IPM program.
Bostanian
Noubar J
NJ
Horticulture Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada.
Thistlewood
Howard A
HA
Hardman
John M
JM
Laurin
Marie-Claude
MC
Racette
Gaétan
G
D000818:Animals; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C082359:imidacloprid; D000077922:Thiamethoxam