title: Wnt activity guides facial branchiomotor neuron migration, and involves the PCP pathway and JNK and ROCK kinases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wnt proteins play roles in many biological processes, including axon guidance and cell migration. In the mammalian hindbrain, facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons undergo a striking rostral to caudal migration, yet little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigated a possible role of Wnts and the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway in this process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we demonstrate a novel role for Wnt proteins in guiding FBM neurons during their rostral to caudal migration in the hindbrain. We found that Wnt5a is expressed in a caudal high to rostral low gradient in the hindbrain. Wnt-coated beads chemoattracted FBM neurons to ectopic positions in an explant migration assay. The rostrocaudal FBM migration was moderately perturbed in Wnt5a mutant embryos and severely disrupted in Frizzled3 mutant mouse embryos, and was aberrant following inhibition of Wnt function by secreted Frizzled-related proteins. We also show the involvement of the Wnt/PCP pathway in mammalian FBM neuron migration. Thus, mutations in two PCP genes, Vangl2 and Scribble, caused severe defects in FBM migration. Inhibition of JNK and ROCK kinases strongly and specifically reduced the FBM migration, as well as blocked the chemoattractant effects of ectopic Wnt proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide in vivo evidence that Wnts chemoattract mammalian FBM neurons and that Wnt5a is a candidate to mediate this process. Molecules of the PCP pathway and the JNK and ROCK kinases also play a role in the FBM migration and are likely mediators of Wnt signalling.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK. valerie.vivancos@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vivancos
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spassky
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabdoub
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guthrie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000166:cytology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; C438615:Wnt5a protein, mouse; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases