title: Pesticide residue determination in surface waters by stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) method, 16 pesticides were extracted from surface water samples by sorption onto 1 mm polydimethylsiloxane layer coated on a 10-mm-length stir bar magnet. After liquid desorption of the analytes with 1 ml of methanol, the detection was performed on a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) analyzer using selected reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization. Parameters affecting SBSE operation, including sample volume, salt addition, extraction time, stirring rate, and desorption conditions, have been evaluated. The optimized SBSE method required two 50 ml aliquots of surface water samples, one aliquot was added of 30% NaCl and stirred at 900 rpm during 1 h for testing five pesticides with log K(o/w) < 3, and the other aliquot was directly extracted following the same procedure for the rest of the pesticides with log K(o/w) > 3. The method was validated in spiked surface water samples at limits of quantifications (LOQs) and ten times the LOQs showing recoveries <62%, and the LOQs reached were from 0.03 microg l(-1) for diazinon to 3 microg l(-1) for simazine. The proposed methodology was applied to the determination of these compounds in samples from Albufera Lake and surrounding channels, showing that SBSE is a powerful tool for routine control analysis of pesticide residues in surface water.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Franzón
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Picó
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003976:Diazinon / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012839:Simazine / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012839:Simazine; D003976:Diazinon