title: A reengineered hospital discharge program to decrease rehospitalization: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency department visits and rehospitalization are common after hospital discharge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of an intervention designed to minimize hospital utilization after discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial using block randomization of 6 and 8. Randomly arranged index cards were placed in opaque envelopes labeled consecutively with study numbers, and participants were assigned a study group by revealing the index card.
  
  
  METHODS
  General medical service at an urban, academic, safety-net hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  749 English-speaking hospitalized adults (mean age, 49.9 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nurse discharge advocate worked with patients during their hospital stay to arrange follow-up appointments, confirm medication reconciliation, and conduct patient education with an individualized instruction booklet that was sent to their primary care provider. A clinical pharmacist called patients 2 to 4 days after discharge to reinforce the discharge plan and review medications. Participants and providers were not blinded to treatment assignment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcomes were emergency department visits and hospitalizations within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes were self-reported preparedness for discharge and frequency of primary care providers' follow-up within 30 days of discharge. Research staff doing follow-up were blinded to study group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the intervention group (n = 370) had a lower rate of hospital utilization than those receiving usual care (n = 368) (0.314 vs. 0.451 visit per person per month; incidence rate ratio, 0.695 [95% CI, 0.515 to 0.937]; P = 0.009). The intervention was most effective among participants with hospital utilization in the 6 months before index admission (P = 0.014). Adverse events were not assessed; these data were collected but are still being analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was a single-center study in which not all potentially eligible patients could be enrolled, and outcome assessment sometimes relied on participant report.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A package of discharge services reduced hospital utilization within 30 days of discharge.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. brian.jack@bmc.org
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Veerappa K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Shaula R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Paasche-Orlow
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manasseh
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Culpepper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001900:Boston; D017046:Cost Savings; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000592:standards*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic