title: Transvaginal endoscopic tubal sterilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tubal sterilization is one of the most widely used options for female contraception. It can be performed by laparotomy, minilaparotomy, colpotomy, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy. In this paper, we report the use of the transvaginal endoscopic approach to perform tubal ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The access to the abdomen was obtained by a 1.5-cm colpotomy. The flexible endoscope was introduced into the peritoneal cavity, and carbon dioxide was instilled to get the pneumoperitoneum. Fallopian tubes were identified and electrocauterized with a 40-W coagulation current. Total procedure time was 45 minutes. A single dose of intravenous dypirone was administered for pain. She was discharged 10 hours after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvaginal endoscopic tubal ligation is feasible and can be considered an alternative approach to perform female sterilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cruz Vermelha Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil. williamkondo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Rafael W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Anibal W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Marlon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Alcides J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Branco Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*; D014621:Vagina