title: Effect of H2O2/HCl heat treatment of implants on in vivo peri-implant bone formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of H2O/HCl heat treatment on peri-implant bone formation in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Ti-6Al-4V implants and 30 Ti-6Al-4V discs were used in this study. The implants and discs were separated into 2 groups: sandblasted and dual acid-etched group (control group) and sandblasted, dual acid-etched and H2O2/HCl heat-treated group (test group). Surface morphology, roughness, and crystal structure of the discs were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and low angle X-ray diffractometry. The implants were inserted into the femurs of 10 adult white rabbits. Animals were injected with fluorescent bone labels at 1, 5, and 7 weeks following surgery to monitor progress of bone formation. Animals were euthanized 8 weeks postsurgery, and block biopsies were prepared for histologic and histometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopic evaluation showed the surfaces were quite irregular for both techniques; however, the test surface demonstrated consistently smaller surface irregularities. The differences in Sa values were significant (P = .022). No significant differences were found in the maximum peak-to-valley ratio values (P = .258). X-ray diffractometry analysis showed that titanium dioxide was found on the test surface. New bone was formed on both implant surfaces. The bone-implant contact pattern appeared to produce a broad-based direct contact. Test implants demonstrated 7.13% more bone to implant contact (P = .003) and 15.42% more bone to implant contact for 3 consecutive threads (P = .001) than control implants. Test implants demonstrated 37.04% more bone area 500 microm outside of implant threads (P = .004) and 51.97% more bone area within 3 consecutive threads (P = .001) than control implants. No significant differences were found in bone area within all implant threads between the two groups (P = .069).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that implants heat-treated with H2O2/HCl solution enhanced peri-implant bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China. yangguoli123456@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Guo-Li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fu-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shi-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000497:Alloys; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001706:Biopsy; D003461:Crystallography; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016877:Oxidants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C009495:titanium dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid