title: Randomized trial comparing two treatment strategies using prize-based reinforcement of abstinence in cocaine and opiate users.
abstract: We compared two strategies of prize-based contingency management (CM) in methadone-maintained outpatients. Urine was tested thrice weekly for 5 weeks pre-CM, 12 weeks CM, and 8 weeks post-CM. Participants were randomly assigned to a cocaine contingency (four prize draws for each cocaine-negative urine, N=29) or an opiate-cocaine contingency (one draw for each urine negative for opiates or cocaine, four draws if negative for both, N=38). There were no group differences in cocaine abstinence during CM or post-CM and no differences in opiate abstinence during CM. Opiate abstinence was greater in the opiate-cocaine group post-CM, and heroin craving was reduced in this group during and post-CM. Draws earned per cocaine-negative urine (four vs. one) did not affect cocaine use.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA.
authors.forename: Kenzie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Udi E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Ghitza
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schmittner
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014040:Token Economy; D016896:Treatment Outcome