Oxidative stress in prostate cancer.
As prostate cancer and aberrant changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) become more common with aging, ROS signaling may play an important role in the development and progression of this malignancy. Increased ROS, otherwise known as oxidative stress, is a result of either increased ROS generation or a loss of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is associated with several pathological conditions including inflammation and infection. ROS are products of normal cellular metabolism and play vital roles in stimulation of signaling pathways in response to changing intra- and extracellular environmental conditions. Chronic increases in ROS over time are known to induce somatic mutations and neoplastic transformation. In this review we summarize the causes for increased ROS generation and its potential role in etiology and progression of prostate cancer.
Khandrika
Lakshmipathi
L
Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Kumar
Binod
B
Koul
Sweaty
S
Maroni
Paul
P
Koul
Hari K
HK
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005978:Glutathione