title: Studies on the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax in non-human primates and anopheline mosquitoes.
abstract: A review is presented on studies conducted in New World monkeys and chimpanzees with the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax. This isolate has been adapted to Aotus and Saimiri (squirrel) monkeys and developed as a model for the testing of antimalarial vaccines. After the injection of 10,000 sporozoites, the median prepatent period in S. boliviensis monkeys was 21.5 days. In 103 sporozoite-induced infections in splenectomized monkeys, the median maximum parasite count ranged from 2,139 to 202,368/microL, with a median maximum parasite count of 48,174/microL. Median maximum parasite counts in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A. nancymaae, A. azarae boliviensis, and A. vociferans monkeys were 19,902, 18,390, 21,420, and 18,210/microL, respectively and ranged from 124 to 156,000/microL. Mosquito infections were readily obtained in different species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The S. boliviensis monkey and Salvador I strain seems suitable for the testing of sporozoite and liver stage vaccines but not for blood-stage vaccines against P. vivax unless adapted further in spleen-intact Saimiri boliviensis monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector Borne and Enteric Diseases, Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion and Animal Resources Branches, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. wec1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Joann S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strobert
authors.forename: G Gale
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nace
authors.forename: Tyrone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Barnwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology*; D016645:Aotidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012453:Saimiri / Q000469:parasitology*; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D017780:Malaria Vaccines