title: Use of Walpole's solution for treatment of goats with urolithiasis: 25 cases (2001-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine results of ultrasound-guided cystocentesis and percutaneous infusion of Walpole's solution for treatment of male goats with urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 male goats with urolithiasis treated with Walpole's solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, degree of urethral obstruction (partial vs complete), pertinent examination findings, concurrent illnesses, diet, other treatments administered, duration of hospitalization, whether the obstruction resolved, and outcome (ie, discharged vs euthanized).
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 (58%) animals had complete urethral obstruction, and 10 (42%) had partial obstruction (degree of urethral patency was not recorded in 1 animal). Walpole's solution was infused once in 18 (72%) animals, twice in 6 (24%) animals, and 3 times in 1 (4%) animal. The amount of Walpole's solution required to achieve the target urine pH of 4 to 5 ranged from 50 to 250 mL. In 20 (80%) goats, the urethral obstruction resolved, and the goat was discharged. The remaining 5 (20%) goats were euthanized because of unresolved urethral obstruction. Six of the 20 (30%) goats that were discharged were reexamined because of recurrence of urethral obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that ultrasound-guided cystocentesis in combination with percutaneous infusion of Walpole's solution may be a useful treatment in male goats with obstructive urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Jared J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Janke
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Osterstock
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: Wesley T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Bissett
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: R Neil
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006041:Goats; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D019346:Sodium Acetate; D019342:Acetic Acid