title: Safety and efficacy of sonographic-guided random real-time core needle biopsy of the liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of real-time, sonographic-guided, random percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver in a tertiary medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  From an IRB-approved biopsy database, all patients who had random liver biopsy performed over a 24-month period were selected. In 350 patients, 539 random percutaneous needle biopsies of the liver were performed under real-time sonographic visualization. The following were recorded from the electronic medical record: patient demographics, indication for biopsy procedure; radiologist's name; needle type and gauge and number of passes; use and amount of i.v. sedation or anesthesia; adequacy of the specimen; and complications following the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 539 biopsies, 378 (70%) biopsy procedures were performed on liver transplant recipients. Of the biopsy procedures in nontransplant patients, 81/161 (50%) concurrently underwent biopsy of a focal liver mass. An 18-gauge automated core biopsy needle was used in 536/539 (99%). Median number of passes per biopsy procedure was 1 (mean, 1.7; range, 1-6). Sedation using midazolam and fentanyl was used in 483/539 (90%). There were only 8 inadequate specimens (1.5%, [2.3, upper 95% confidence limit, fully described in Statistical Analysis]). Complications were identified in 11/539 biopsy procedures (2.0%, [2.6, upper 95% confidence limit]): 5 with severe postprocedural pain, 3 with symptomatic hemorrhage, 2 with infection, and 1 with a rash. There were no sedation-related complications and no deaths related to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time, sonographic-guided, random core-needle liver biopsy is a safe and highly effective procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Hb6, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Siddharth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Padia
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: Erick M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Remer
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Obuchowski
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winans
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Herts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media