title: Analysis of copper incorporation into zinc oxide nanowires.
abstract: ZnO nanowires (NWs) are grown on a bulk copper half-transmission electron microscopy grid by chemical vapor deposition in a high temperature tube furnace. Photoluminescence (PL) microscopy revealed band gap emission at 380 nm and a more intense visible emission around 520 nm due to defect states in these NWs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the ZnO NWs are single crystalline with hexagonal structure. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveal that copper atoms are present along the length of the NW. AES also found that the surface of the NWs is oxygen rich. The surface concentration of zinc increases moving from the tip toward the base of the NW while the concentration of oxygen decreases. The copper in this system not only remains at the tip of the growing NW but also acts as a dopant along the length of the NW, leading to a decrease in the intensity of the band gap PL of these NWs.
authors.affiliation: Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eustis
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Beversluis
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikoobakht
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D003300:Copper; D015034:Zinc Oxide