title: Physical exercise leads to rapid adaptations in hippocampal vasculature: temporal dynamics and relationship to cell proliferation and neurogenesis.
abstract: Increased levels of angiogenesis and neurogenesis possibly mediate the beneficial effects of physical activity on hippocampal plasticity. This study was designed to investigate the temporal dynamics of exercise-induced changes in hippocampal angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Mice were housed with a running wheel for 1, 3, or 10 days. Analysis of glucose transporter Glut1-positive vessel density showed a significant increase after 3 days of wheel running. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus showed a trend towards an increase after 3 days of running and was significantly elevated after 10 days of physical exercise. Ten days of wheel running resulted in a near-significant increase in the number of immature neurons, as determined by a doublecortin (DCX) staining. In the second part of the study, the persistence of the exercise-induced changes in angiogenesis and cell proliferation was determined. The running wheel was removed from the cage after 10 days of physical activity. Glut-1 positive vessel density and hippocampal cell proliferation were determined 1 and 6 days after removal of the wheel. Both parameters had returned to baseline 24 h after cessation of physical activity. The near-significant increase in the number of DCX-positive immature neurons persisted for at least 6 days, indicating that new neurons formed during the period of increased physical activity had survived. Together these experiments show that the hippocampus displays a remarkable angiogenic and neurogenic plasticity and rapidly responds to changes in physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van der Borght
authors.forename: Dóra E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kóbor-Nyakas
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klauke
authors.forename: Bart J L
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Eggen
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nyakas
authors.forename: Eddy A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Van der Zee
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meerlo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055806:Microvessels / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C000714847:Dcx protein, mouse; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse