title: Whole blood chemiluminescence response in broiler chickens on different experimental diets and challenged with Clostridium perfringens.
abstract: 1.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the whole blood chemiluminescence (WBCL) assay in chickens, a simple and rapid method of measuring production of reactive oxygen species by circulating polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. To determine the physiological response and innate immune response associated with oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens under different nutritional conditions. 2. In Experiment 1, birds were orally challenged with C. perfringens 1. type A or sham-challenged saline on days 14-21 post-hatch and fed protein-balanced diets containing 160 or 180 g crude protein/kg and 0.98 or 1.75% glycine in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. 2. Challenged birds had higher WBCL responses and more severe intestinal lesions than unchallenged birds. Birds fed diets containing 1.75% glycine had more intestinal lesions than those fed 0.98% glycine. 3. In Experiment 2 birds were fed protein-balanced diets containing 0.76, 2.10, 3.43 or 4.77% glycine. The birds fed 0.76% glycine diet had lower WBCL responses compared to birds fed the other three diets. Intestinal lesions were worse in the birds fed the highest, 4.77% glycine diet than in those fed the 0.76 or 2.10% glycine diets. 4. We conclude that the WBCL assay is a practical and sensitive means of assessing innate immune function in birds. The results suggest that both bacterial challenge and glycine content of chickens' diet influence their lesion scores and innate immune function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widyaratne
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: J E G
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Smits
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016014:Linear Models; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005998:Glycine