title: Effects of spinal manipulation on trunk proprioception in subjects with chronic low back pain during symptom remission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effects of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on trunk proprioception in subjects with asymptomatic chronic low back pain (CLBP) and determine if those effects lasted 1 week.
  
  
  METHODS
  This unbalanced randomized controlled crossover design examined 33 subjects with CLBP. Proprioception was tested via joint position sense, threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM), direction of motion (DM), and force reproduction. Each subject received lumbar manipulation or a sham procedure followed by proprioception retest. This procedure was repeated 1 week later using the opposing treatment. Subjects receiving SMT in the second session returned a third time receiving the sham procedure again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spinal manipulative therapy produced an effect for TTDPM in the manipulation first group (P = .008), the sham procedure produced an effect for joint position sense in the sham first group (P = .005). Spinal manipulative therapy had a 1-week effect for the manipulation first group (P = .006). No effect was noted for either DM or force reproduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest SMT had minimal immediate effect on trunk proprioception. The effects noted occurred in session 1, implicating learning as a potential source. Learning, from repetitive proprioception training, may enhance neuromuscular control in subjects with CLBP before the use of therapeutic exercise. Subjects showed smaller deficits than previously reported for TTDPM or DM, suggesting proprioception deficits may correlate with pain level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Learman
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lephart
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: G Jay
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kerns
authors.forename: Chad E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult