title: Immuno-detection of anthrose containing tetrasaccharide in the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacillus anthracis strains of various origins were analysed with the view to describe intrinsic and persistent structural components of the Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis glycoprotein associated anthrose containing tetrasaccharide in the exosporium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tetrasaccharide consists of three rhamnose residues and an unique monosaccharide--anthrose. As anthrose was not found in spores of related strains of bacteria, we envisioned the detection of B. anthracis spores based on antibodies against anthrose-containing polysaccharides. Carbohydrate-protein conjugates containing the synthetic tetrasaccharide, an anthrose-rhamnose disaccharide or anthrose alone were employed to immunize mice. All three formulations were immunogenic and elicited IgG responses with different fine specificities. All sera and monoclonal antibodies derived from tetrasaccharide immunized mice cross-reacted not only with spore lysates of a panel of virulent B. anthracis strains, but also with some of the B. cereus strains tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that antibodies to synthetic carbohydrates are useful tools for epitope analyses of complex carbohydrate antigens and for the detection of particular target structures in biological specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not strictly specific for B. anthracis spores, antibodies against the tetrasaccharide may have potential as immuno-capturing components for a highly sensitive spore detection system.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamborrini
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oberli
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Werz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schürch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seeberger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pluschke
mesh_terms: D000606:Amino Sugars / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000502:physiology*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C504007:4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)-2-O-methylglucopyranose; D000606:Amino Sugars; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C470593:BclA protein, Bacillus anthracis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007106:Immune Sera; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose