title: Drug-related problems identified in medication reviews by Australian pharmacists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Australia, accredited pharmacists perform medication reviews for patients to identify and resolve drug-related problems. We analysed the drug-related problems identified in reviews for both home-dwelling and residential care-facility patients. The objective of this study was to examine the number and nature of the drug-related problems identified and investigate differences between each type of review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Australian patients living at home or in residential care-facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected a nation-wide sample of medication reviews conducted between 1998 and 2005. These reviews had been self-selected by pharmacists and submitted as part of the reaccreditation process to the primary body responsible for accrediting Australian pharmacists to perform medication reviews. The drug-related problems identified in each review were classified by type and drugs involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number and nature of drug-related problems identified in pharmacist-conducted medication reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,038 drug-related problems identified in 234 medication reviews (mean 4.6 (+/-2.2) problems per review). The number of problems was higher (4.9 +/- 2.0 vs. 3.9 +/- 2.2; P < 0.001) in reviews for home-dwelling patients compared with care-facility residents. The number of clinically-significant problems was higher (2.1 +/- 1.1 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7; P < 0.001) for home-dwelling patients. Oral hypoglycaemics and analgesics/antipyretics were significantly more likely to be associated with problems in home-dwelling patients than in residential care-facility patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data illustrate the prevalence of drug-related problems and the ability of pharmacists to identify these problems in the Australian models of medication review. The nature and frequency of problems varied between reviews for home-dwelling and care-facility patients. Such information may be used to better focus the training of practitioners based on the most frequently encountered health problems and the nature of common drug-related problems in the two settings.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. andrew.stafford@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tenni
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Shane L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hejlesen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villesen
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management; D010595:Pharmacists; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*