title: Association between increased platelet P-selectin expression and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes) substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether obesity increases platelet reactivity and thrombin activity in patients with type 2 diabetes plus stable coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed platelet reactivity and markers of thrombin generation and activity in 193 patients from nine clinical sites of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D). Blood taken at the time of enrollment was used for assay of the concentration of prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PT1.2, released when prothrombin is activated) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA, released when fibrinogen is cleaved). Platelet activation was identified with the use of flow cytometry in response to 0, 0.2, and 1 micromol/l adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of FPA, PT1.2, and platelet activation in the absence of agonist were low. Greater BMI was associated with higher platelet reactivity in response to 1 microm ADP as assessed by surface expression of P-selectin (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001) but not reflected by the binding of fibrinogen to activated glycoprotein IIb-IIIa. BMI was not associated with concentrations of FPA or PT1.2. Platelet reactivity correlated negatively with A1C (P < 0.04), was not related to the concentration of triglycerides in blood, and did not correlate with the concentration of C-reactive peptide. CONCLUSIONS Among patients enrolled in this substudy of BARI 2D, a greater BMI was associated with higher platelet reactivity at the time of enrollment. Our results suggest that obesity and insulin resistance that accompanies obesity may influence platelet reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA. david.schneider@uvm.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hardison
authors.forename: Neuza
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Burton E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: Maria Mori
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin