Single domain response regulators: molecular switches with emerging roles in cell organization and dynamics.
Single domain response regulators (SD-RRs) are signaling components of two-component phosphorylation pathways that harbor a phosphoryl receiver domain but lack a dedicated output domain. The Escherichia coli protein CheY, the paradigm member of this family, regulates chemotaxis by relaying information between chemoreceptors and the flagellar motor switch. New data provide a more complex picture of CheY-mediated motility control in several bacteria and suggest diverging mechanisms in control of cellular motors. Moreover, advances have been made in understanding cellular functions of SD-RRs beyond chemotaxis. We review recent reports indicating that SD-RRs constitute a family of versatile molecular switches that contribute to cellular organization and dynamics as spatial organizer and/or as allosteric regulators of histidine protein kinases.
Jenal
Urs
U
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland. urs.jenal@unibas.ch
Galperin
Michael Y
MY
D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000072236:Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000072236:Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins; C000607606:cheY protein, E coli; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase