title: Reciprocal immunohistochemical expression of sodium/iodide symporter and hexokinase I in primary thyroid tumors with synchronous cervical metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a glycoprotein which is related to the concentration of radioiodine in thyroid cancer. Glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) and hexokinases (HK) are glycoproteins related to glucose metabolism (i.e., uptake and phosphorylation) in various cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical patterns of expression and mutual relationships between NIS, Glut-1, HK I, and HK II in primary thyroid tumors and synchronous cervical metastatic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine cases of follicular carcinomas, sixteen cases of papillary carcinomas, and four cases of anaplastic carcinomas were included. The immunohistochemical staining intensities were categorized (scored) as negative (0), weak (1), positive (2), or strongly positive (3) and dichotomized as a negative/weak (scores 0 or 1) or positive expression (scores 2 or 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  NIS had a positive expression in good prognostic types of thyroid carcinomas, such as follicular carcinomas, more often, while having a positive expression in poor prognostic types of thyroid carcinomas, such as anaplastic carcinomas (P = .033) less often; HK I had the opposite pattern of expression (P = .033). Primary thyroid tumors and corresponding synchronous cervical metastatic tumors had a similar pattern of expression for NIS, HK I, and HK II. NIS had a reciprocal relationship with HK I as compared to Glut-1 with respect to staining intensity on each primary tumor (P = .040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reciprocal staining pattern of NIS and HK I on primary tumors is related to the staining pattern of NIS and HK I on synchronous as well as occult cervical metastatic tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: J Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hah
authors.forename: Myung-Whun
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yoon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007455:Iodine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D027981:Symporters / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007455:Iodine; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters