Adolescents perceived effectiveness of the proposed European graphic tobacco warning labels.
BACKGROUND
Graphical tobacco product labelling is a prominent source of health information and has an important position among tobacco control initiatives. However, little is known about its effectiveness among adolescents. With this above in mind, we aimed to research into how adolescents perceive the proposed EU graphic tobacco product warning labels as an effective means of preventing smoking initiation in comparison to the current EU text-only warning labels.


METHODS
Five hundred seventy four adolescents (13-18, 54% male) from Greece were privately interviewed, with the use of a digital questionnaire and randomly shown seven existing EU text-only and proposed EU graphic warning labels. Non-smoking respondents were asked to compare and rate the warnings effectiveness in regard to preventing them from smoking on a 1-5 Likert type scale.


RESULTS
Irrespective of the warning category shown, on all occasions, non-smoking adolescents rated the suggested EU graphic labels as more effective in preventing them from smoking in comparison to the existing EU text-only warnings. Controlling for gender, age, current smoking status and number of cigarettes smoked per month, younger adolescents were found to opt for graphic warnings more often, and also perceive graphic warning labels as a more effective means of preventing them from smoking, in comparison to their elder peers (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The proposed EU graphic warning labels may play an important role in preventing of smoking initiation during the crucial years of early adolescence when smoking experimentation and early addiction usually take place.
Vardavas
Constantine I
CI
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. vardavas@edu.med.uoc.gr
Connolly
Gregory
G
Karamanolis
Kostas
K
Kafatos
Anthony
A
D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011634:Public Health; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019460:Tobacco Industry