title: Altered ventilatory responses to exercise testing in young adult men with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by repetitive obstructions of the upper airway. Individuals with OSA experience intermittent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and arousals during sleep, resulting in increased sympathetic activation. Chemoreflex activation, arising from the resultant oscillatory disturbances in blood gases from OSA, exerts control over ventilation, and may induce increases in sympathetic vasoconstriction, contributing to increased long-term risks for hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate whether OSA elicits exaggerated ventilatory responses to exercise in young men, 14 overweight men with OSA and 16 overweight men without OSA performed maximal ramping cycle ergometer exercise tests. Oxygen consumption (VO(2)), ventilation, (V(E)), ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (V(E)/VO(2)) and carbon dioxide (V(E)/VCO(2)), and V(E)/VCO(2) slope were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VO(2) response to exercise did not differ between groups. The V(E), V(E)/VCO(2), V(E)/VO(2) were higher (p< 0.05, 0.002, and p<0.02, respectively) in the OSA group across all workloads. The V(E)/VCO(2) slope was greater in the OSA group (p<0.05). The V(E)/VCO(2) slope and AHI were significantly correlated (r=0.56, p<0.03). Thus, young, overweight men with OSA exhibit increased ventilatory responses to exercise when compared to overweight controls. This may reflect alterations in chemoreflex sensitivity, and contribute to increased sympathetic drive and HTN risk.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Health and Exercise Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Trent A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hargens
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Guill
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aron
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zedalis
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nickols-Richardson
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult