Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and technical consideration.
BACKGROUND
Compared with lower lumbar disc herniations, upper lumbar disc herniations at L1-L2 and L2-L3 have specific characteristics that result in different surgical outcomes after conventional open discectomy. There are no published studies on the feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome, prognostic factors and the technical pitfalls of PELD for upper lumbar disc herniation.


METHODS
Forty-five patients with a soft disc herniation at L1-L2 or L2-L3 underwent percutaneous endoscopic discectomy. Posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic laser-assisted disc removal was performed under local anesthesia. Clinical outcomes was assessed using the Prolo scale. The prognostic factors associated with outcome were then analyzed.


RESULTS
The mean follow-up was 38.8 months (range, 25-52 months). The outcome of the 45 patients was excellent in 21 (46.7%), good in 14 patients (31.1%), fair in six patients (13.3%), and poor in four patients (8.9%). Four patients with a poor outcome underwent further open surgery. Mean scores on a visual analog scale decreased from 8.38 to 2.36 (P < 0.0001). Age less than 45 years and a lateral disc herniation were independently associated with an excellent outcome (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Patient selection and an anatomically modified surgical technique promote a more successful outcome after percutaneous endoscopic discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation.
Ahn
Yong
Y
Department of Neurosurgery, Wooridul Spine Hospital, Daegu, 700-732, South Korea. ns-ay@hanmail.net
Lee
Sang-Ho
SH
Lee
June Ho
JH
Kim
Jin Uk
JU
Liu
Wei Chiang
WC
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017587:Diskectomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D018579:Patient Selection; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome