title: Effects of 1-H-indole-3-glyoxamide (A-002) on concentration of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLASMA study): a phase II double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) enzymes, produced and secreted in human blood vessels and hepatocytes, contribute to the development of atherosclerosis through mechanisms that are both dependent and independent of lipoprotein. We examined the effects of an sPLA(2) inhibitor on enzyme concentration and on plasma lipoproteins and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged 18 years and older with stable coronary heart disease from the USA and Ukraine were eligible for enrolment in this phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, dose-response study. 393 patients were randomly assigned by computer-generated sequence to receive either placebo (n=79) or one of four doses of an sPLA(2) inhibitor, A-002 (1-H-indole-3-glyoxamide; 50 mg [n=79], 100 mg [n=80], 250 mg [n=78], or 500 mg [n=77] twice daily), for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in sPLA(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) concentration or activity from baseline to week 8. Analysis was by modified intention to treat (ITT). The ITT population consisted of all patients who received one dose of study treatment; data for patients who dropped out before the end of the study were carried forward from last observation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00455546.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All randomised patients received at least one dose and were included in the ITT population. Data for 45 patients were carried forward from last observation (36 in the A-002 group and nine in the placebo group); the main reason for dropout before completion was because of adverse events. 348 patients reached the primary endpoint (A-002 n=278, placebo n=70). Mean sPLA(2)-IIA concentration fell by 86.7%, from 157 pmol/L to 21 [corrected] pmol/L, in the overall active treatment group, and by 4.8%, from 157 pmol/L to 143 [corrected] pmol/L, in the placebo group (p<0.0001 treatment vs placebo). The reductions in sPLA(2)-IIA concentration in the A-002 groups were dose dependent (ranging from 69.2% in the 50 mg group to 95.8% in the 500 mg group) and differed significantly from placebo (p<0.0001 for all doses). In the 500 mg A-002 treatment group, there was one serious adverse event (exacerbation of underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), but the proportion of patients reporting treatment-emergent adverse events did not differ from placebo. The main side-effects of the drug included headache (n=20), nausea (n=17), and diarrhoea (n=12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reductions in sPLA(2)-IIA concentration suggest that A-002 might be an effective anti-atherosclerotic agent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenson
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hislop
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Stasiv
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory