title: Enhanced speech perception capabilities in a blind listener are associated with activation of fusiform gyrus and primary visual cortex.
abstract: Blind individuals may learn to understand ultra-fast synthetic speech at a rate of up to about 25 syllables per second (syl)/s, an accomplishment by far exceeding the maximum performance level of normal-sighted listeners (8-10 syl/s). The present study indicates that this exceptional skill engages distinct regions of the central-visual system. Hemodynamic brain activation during listening to moderately- (8 syl/s) and ultra-fast speech (16 syl/s) was measured in a blind individual and six normal-sighted controls. Moderately-fast speech activated posterior and anterior 'language zones' in all subjects. Regarding ultra-fast tokens, the controls showed exclusive activation of supratemporal regions whereas the blind participant exhibited enhanced left inferior frontal and temporoparietal responses as well as significant hemodynamic activation of left fusiform gyrus (FG) and right primary visual cortex. Since left FG is known to be involved in phonological processing, this structure, presumably, provides the functional link between the central-auditory and -visual systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. ingo.hertrich@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hertrich
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moos
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trouvain
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities