title: In vivo expression of the HBZ gene of HTLV-1 correlates with proviral load, inflammatory markers and disease severity in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), encoded from a minus strand mRNA was discovered and was suggested to play an important role in adult T cell leukemia (ATL) development. However, there have been no reports on the role of HBZ in patients with HTLV-1 associated inflammatory diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We quantified the HBZ and tax mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood from 56 HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients, 10 ATL patients, 38 healthy asymptomatic carriers (HCs) and 20 normal uninfected controls, as well as human leukemic T-cell lines and HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, and the data were correlated with clinical parameters. The spliced HBZ gene was transcribed in all HTLV-1-infected individuals examined, whereas tax mRNA was not transcribed in significant numbers of subjects in the same groups. Although the amount of HBZ mRNA expression was highest in ATL, medium in HAM/TSP, and lowest in HCs, with statistical significance, neither tax nor the HBZ mRNA expression per HTLV-1-infected cell differed significantly between each clinical group. The HTLV-1 HBZ, but not tax mRNA load, positively correlated with disease severity and with neopterin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of HAM/TSP patients. Furthermore, HBZ mRNA expression per HTLV-1-infected cell was decreased after successful immunomodulatory treatment for HAM/TSP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that in vivo expression of HBZ plays a role in HAM/TSP pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. mineki@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mineki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Yorifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satou
authors.forename: Jun-Ichirou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kimiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019798:Neopterin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D016356:Gene Products, tax; C479751:HBZ protein, human T-cell leukemia virus type I; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C514970:tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1; D019798:Neopterin