title: Mechanism for corneal reshaping in hyperopic orthokeratology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism underlying hyperopic orthokeratology (OK) by comparing the short-term clinical effect of lenses before and after central lens fenestration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve subjects (age 21 to 24 years) were fitted with rigid hyperopic OK lenses (BE Enterprises/Capricornia) in one eye only. The fellow eye acted as a non-lens wearing control. Lens specifications were matched to provide the same post lens tear film profile in all subjects. Non-fenestrated lenses were worn in the open eye for 1 h and in the closed eye for four nights. Subjective spherical equivalent refraction and corneal topography (Medmont E300) were measured at baseline, after 1 h of lens wear, and within 1 h of waking on days 1 and 4 of overnight lens wear. The lenses were then sent for three 0.75 mm fenestrations within the central optic zone, and lens wearing and measurement procedures were repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant change from baseline in all variables at all visits in lens wearing eyes. Refraction changed after 1 h of lens wear, with greater effect after overnight wear. Para-central corneal flattening was apparent after 1 h of lens wear, with greater flattening after overnight wear. Central corneal steepening was only statistically significant after overnight wear. Central fenestrations did not lead to a difference in clinical effect in any variables. However, a correlation between apical corneal curvature change and refractive change became apparent only after lens fenestration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A hyperopic OK effect was established after 1 h with increased effect with longer lens wearing time. Central fenestrations did not affect the clinical outcomes, indicating that corneal compression by the lens in the para-central region as opposed to central post lens tear film suction may be the primary mechanism behind the hyperopic OK clinical effect.
authors.affiliation: FAAO School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Barney
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Swarbrick
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult