title: Transcriptional inhibiton of Hoxd4 expression by miRNA-10a in human breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), can silence genes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional or translational level 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we show that microRNA-10a (miR-10a) targets a homologous DNA region in the promoter region of the hoxd4 gene and represses its expression at the transcriptional level. Mutational analysis of the miR-10a sequence revealed that the 3' end of the miRNA sequence is the most critical element for the silencing effect. MicroRNA-10a-induced transcriptional gene inhibition requires the presence of Dicer and Argonautes 1 and 3, and it is related to promoter associated noncoding RNAs. Bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that the reduced hoxd4 expression was accompanied by de novo DNA methylation at the hoxd4 promoter. We further demonstrated that trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is involved in the miR-10a-induced hoxd4 transcriptional gene silence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results demonstrate that miR-10a can regulate human gene expression in a transcriptional manner, and indicate that endogenous small noncoding RNA-induced control of transcription may be a potential system for expressional regulation in human breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: National laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China. tyl@moon.ibp.ac.cn
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skogerbø
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiangqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Runsheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006367:HeLa Cells; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D043244:Ribonuclease III / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C115848:AGO1 protein, human; C517143:AGO3 protein, human; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; C442019:HOXD1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D043244:Ribonuclease III