title: The experiences of primary caregivers raising school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the experiences of primary caregivers who are bringing up school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research findings will help address the problems related to caring for school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In Taiwan, the rate of school-aged children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ranges from 7.9-11.7%. This study is the first, which tries to understand the experiences of primary caregivers who are bringing up school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of caregivers raising school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purposive sampling and in-depth, face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. The unstructured interview guide allowed the major caregivers to express their experiences of raising school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. When data saturation was reached, the sample size comprised 12 major caregivers. Narratives were analysed according to Colaizzi's seven-step method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three themes and seven sub-themes emerged from this study: the burdens of caring (parenting burdens, emotional burdens and family conflicts), the lack of adequate support systems (lack of support from professionals, spouses and other family members) and the mechanisms of coping (cognitive coping strategies and social coping strategies). Furthermore, several other factors that affected the caregivers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are also revealed in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of understanding the experiences of primary caregivers, bringing up school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Improving professional services in family care should be a major concern for all healthcare professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommendations that have been made based on the findings of this research can be used as a guide to improve the delivery of caring by people who have school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and by the wider family.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center Department of Health, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Mei-Jue
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xuan-Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bai-Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000451:nursing*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult