title: Strategies for success: a toolbox of coping strategies used by breastfeeding women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of two qualitative studies which identified strategies used by breastfeeding women to assist them to continue breastfeeding.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While breastfeeding initiation rates are high in Australia, the majority of women wean before the recommended time. The identification of interventions which may increase breastfeeding duration is therefore a research priority.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Against All Odds study used a case-controlled design to investigate the characteristics of women who continued to breastfeed in the face of extraordinary difficulties. Phase One of the I Think I Can study employed the Nominal Group Technique to investigate the views of subject matter experts regarding which psychological factors may influence the duration of breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Against All Odds study participants (n = 40) undertook a one- to two-hour interview and the transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis. Stratified purposeful sampling was employed in the I Think I Can study (n = 21), with participants assigned group membership according to their most recent breastfeeding experience. A fourth group was composed of experienced breastfeeding clinicians. The nominal group technique was used to generate group data and segments of the discussion were audiotaped and transcribed for thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in both the studies raised strategies used to assist them in their efforts to cope with the challenges of breastfeeding and early motherhood. These strategies included increasing breastfeeding knowledge, staying relaxed and 'looking after yourself', the use of positive self-talk, challenging unhelpful beliefs, problem solving, goal setting and the practice of mindfulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employment of these simple behavioural and cognitive strategies may assist women to cope with the pressures inherent in the experience of early mothering, thereby increasing the duration of breastfeeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may represent a 'tool box' of coping strategies which can be provided to women for use in the postnatal period.
authors.affiliation: Research Officer, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Centre for Rural and Remote Area Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. obrienm@usq.edu.au
authors.forename: Maxine L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buikstra
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Desley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hegney
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans