title: Interleukin-10 G-1082A and C-819T polymorphisms as possible molecular markers of urothelial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that may promote tumor growth and metastasis in later stages of cancer development. DNA sequence variations in IL-10 gene may lead to altered production and/or activity, and this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association of rs 1800896 and rs 3021097 polymorphisms in IL-10 gene and their haplotypes with the risk of UBC in a Northern Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-10 gene at G-1082A (rs 1800896) and C-819T (rs 3021097) in 214 histologically confirmed UBC patients and 385 matched controls by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-10 C-819T CT, TT genotypes and T carriers (CT + TT) had significant association with UBC susceptibility (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.09-2.80; OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.09-3.01 and OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.14-2.75, respectively). Similarly, GA, AA genotypes and A carriers (G-1082A) demonstrated increased risk for UBC (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.04-3.50; OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.08-3.74 and OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.09-3.50, respectively). TT (C-819T) and T carriers showed protective association with high-risk tumors; (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13-0.88 and OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-0.97, respectively). We did not observe any association of IL-10 polymorphisms with smoking habits and UBC risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggested that the low-producing genotypes of IL-10 (C-819T and G-1082A) polymorphisms are associated with increased UBC risk. Individuals with (C-819T) TT genotype and T carriers, however, showed a protective association with high-risk tumors. Our data suggest that IL-10 G-1082A and C-819T polymorphisms may be used as a molecular marker of urothelial bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ahirwar
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.forename: Rama Devi
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016753:Interleukin-10