title: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of T1, T2, and microvascular characteristics with T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate microvascular and relaxation parameters of prostate and nearby muscle in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to examine measurement reproducibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 13 patients with BPH were imaged twice prior to surgery. The imaging protocol included a three-dimensional (3D) inversion-recovery turbo field-echo measurement of T1, a multiecho measurement of T2, and a high temporal resolution (1.5 seconds per volume) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) acquisition. The DCE data were analyzed using a distributed parameter tracer kinetics model to provide estimates of perfusion (Fb), extraction fraction (E), mean transit time (Tc), and extravascular-extracellular volume (ve) in both the central gland (CG) and the peripheral zone (PZ) of the prostate, and in nearby muscle. Precision of these estimates was calculated using a bootstrap technique and the reproducibility was evaluated using the within-patient coefficient of variation (wCV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microvascular parameters were estimated in the prostate with high precision; in particular, E, Fb, and ve had median CVs of <or=6%, <or=4%, and <or=5%, respectively. Reproducibilities of the T1 and T2 measurements were excellent (wCV<or=4%), and reproducibility of the other parameters reflected values seen in previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microvascular and relaxation properties of BPH can be measured precisely with reproducibilities for a distributed parameter tracer kinetics model that are comparable to those for a simpler model. Measurements of T1 and T2 were highly reproducible.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007700:Kinetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA