title: Effect of morphine on the bispectral index during isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of morphine on the bispectral index (BIS) in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia maintained at a constant end-tidal concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, experimental trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight adult Beagle dogs, weighing between 7.1 and 9.8 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane via a face mask. Dog's tracheas were intubated and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane at a constant end-tidal concentration (e'Iso) of 1.81% for a 30-minute equilibration period. Pulmonary ventilation was controlled to normocapnia. After equilibration, baseline values were recorded prior to intravenous administration of morphine sulfate (0.5 mg kg(-1)) (MT) or an equal volume of saline (CT). Measurements for heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP) were recorded at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes after treatment. Bispectral index was recorded every 10 seconds for 3 minutes for each time measurement. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes for determination of morphine serum concentrations. Anesthesia was discontinued after the last measurement and dogs were allowed to recover.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline BIS for MT and CT at 1.81%e'Iso were 63 +/- 10 and 58 +/- 9, respectively. Bispectral index in MT was 4-8% lower at 20, 75, 90 and 105 minutes compared with CT. There were no differences in BIS between baseline and any subsequent measurement within either MT or CT. Heart rate, SAP, MAP, and DAP decreased after morphine administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous administration of 0.5 mg kg(-1) morphine sulfate did not cause clinically significant changes in the BIS of unstimulated dogs during isoflurane anesthesia at an e'Iso of 1.81%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. nguerrer@vt.edu
authors.forename: Piedad N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Henao-Guerrero
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McMurphy
authors.forename: Butch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kukanich
authors.forename: Dave S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D009020:Morphine; D007530:Isoflurane