Bone metabolism during adolescence: the known, the unknown, and the controversial.
Adolescence is a critical period for determining peak bone mass. During this time, bone formation prevails over resorption, and approximately 40% of the total bone mass is accumulated. Several factors affect the accretion of bone mass during adolescence. Although genetic predisposition, age, race, and ethnicity cannot be modified, factors such as nutrition, physical activity, and lifestyle choices can be changed. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, regular weight-bearing physical activity, and a healthy diet with optimal calcium and vitamin D intake may prove to be the best way to achieve a maximal peak bone mass. This review discusses the known, the unknown, and the controversial regarding bone metabolism during adolescence.
Harel
Zeev
Z
Division of Adolescent Medicine/Hasbro Children's Hospital/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. zharel@lifespan.org
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking
D015415:Biomarkers