title: Portuguese contributions to the discovery and characterization of the embryonic molecular clock.
abstract: Embryonic development is strictly regulated both in time and in space. This extraordinary control is clearly evidenced during the process of somitogenesis. In this process, pairs of somites are formed periodically, such that the time required to form a new somite pair is constant and species specific. The tight temporal control underlying somitogenesis has been shown to depend upon a molecular clock, manifested by the cyclic expression of an increasing number of genes in the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm. Portuguese researchers have been intimately connected to the achievements that have been made in this new field of research: the somitogenesis molecular clock. This article intends to report the Portuguese contributions to the discovery and characterization of the molecular clock underlying somite formation and possibly other embryonic processes. This work inspired many scientists around the world and it has been followed in Portugal by teams that keep on pursuing the characterization of the machinery of this molecular oscillator and its function in the acquisition of both temporal and positional information during development.
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pascoal
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palmeirim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D002642:Chick Embryo; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008954:Models, Biological; D011174:Portugal; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000266:history*; D019170:Somites / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; C109424:hairy1 protein, Gallus gallus