title: Differential affection of intestinal immune cell populations after cerebral ischemia in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infections cause a major clinical problem within the first days after cerebral stroke. In a mouse model we have recently demonstrated that stroke leads to immunodepression facilitating spontaneous bacterial pneumonia and bacteremia. So far, it has been unknown whether poststroke immunomodulation impairs local intestinal immune populations which may promote gut barrier dysfunction leading to translocation of intestinal microorganisms and microbial products. In this study, we investigated changes in intestinal intraepithelial, lamina propria and Peyer's patch immune cell populations after experimental stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  129SV mice were subjected to experimental stroke by filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or sham operation. After 24 h, animals were sacrificed, and intraepithelial lymphocytes, lamina propria lymphocytes and Peyer's patches were isolated and leukocyte subpopulations analyzed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peyer's patches revealed a significant reduction of T and B cell counts after cerebral ischemia, while no differences in natural killer cells and macrophages were observed. In contrast, no significant changes in intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte subsets were observed in middle cerebral artery animals compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebral ischemia has differential effects on cellularity of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Further studies on the mechanisms involved in quantitative changes of gut immune cells as well as on the function of these cells are needed to better understand the consequences of stroke-induced alterations of the local intestinal immune compartment for the enhanced susceptibility to infections after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. olaf.schulte-herbrueggen@charite.de
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schulte-Herbrüggen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quarcoo
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology