title: Inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, waist circumference, and risk of future coronary heart disease in healthy men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of physical activity and abdominal obesity to the variation in inflammatory biomarkers and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a European population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a prospective case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort, we examined the associations between circulating levels or activity of C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), fibrinogen, adiponectin, waist circumference, physical activity, and CHD risk over a 10-year period among healthy men and women (45-79 years of age). A total of 1002 cases who developed fatal or non-fatal CHD were matched to 1859 controls on the basis of age, sex, and enrolment period. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein, sPLA2 (women only), fibrinogen, and adiponectin were linearly associated with increasing waist circumference and decreasing physical activity levels. After adjusting for waist circumference, physical activity, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and further adjusted for hormone replacement therapy in women, C-reactive protein, MPO (men only), sPLA2, fibrinogen, but not Lp-PLA2 and adiponectin were associated with an increased CHD risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inactive participants with an elevated waist circumference were characterized by deteriorated levels of inflammatory markers. However, several inflammatory markers were associated with an increased CHD risk, independent of underlying CHD risk factors such as waist circumference and physical activity levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jamal S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Benoit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: Philippa J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Talmud
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ninio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wouter Jukema
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S Matthijs
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Boekholdt
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase; D054467:Phospholipases A2