title: Practical chemical sensors from chemically derived graphene.
abstract: We report the development of useful chemical sensors from chemically converted graphene dispersions using spin coating to create single-layer films on interdigitated electrode arrays. Dispersions of graphene in anhydrous hydrazine are formed from graphite oxide. Preliminary results are presented on the detection of NO(2), NH(3), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene using this simple and scalable fabrication method for practical devices. Current versus voltage curves are linear and ohmic in all cases, studied independent of metal electrode or presence of analytes. The sensor response is consistent with a charge transfer mechanism between the analyte and graphene with a limited role of the electrical contacts. A micro hot plate sensor substrate is also used to monitor the temperature dependence of the response to nitrogen dioxide. The results are discussed in light of recent literature on carbon nanotube and graphene sensors.
authors.affiliation: Materials Processing and Evaluation Department, Space Materials Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 92957/M2-248, Los Angeles, California 90009, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kaner
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Weiller
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D004566:Electrodes; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D053834:Explosive Agents; D006834:Hydrazines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C029424:hydrazine; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide