title: Validation of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-LMC21 questionnaire for assessment of patient-reported outcomes during treatment of colorectal liver metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of valid patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures for hepatectomy or palliative treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases. This study examined the validity and reliability of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire liver module (QLQ-LMC21) in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 356 patients completed the core questionnaire (QLQ-C30), QLQ-LMC21 and a debriefing questionnaire before and 3 months after hepatectomy or palliative treatment. Construct, criterion and clinical validity were evaluated before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaire compliance was high; less than 1 per cent of data were missing from individual items. Modifications to the hypothesized scale structure produced four scales and nine single items with good reliability, clinical, criterion and construct validity. The QLQ-LMC21 distinguished between patients selected for surgery or palliative treatment in nine of these 13. Significant changes in PROs were observed before and after treatment. The new module discriminated between clinically distinct groups of patients and measured aspects of quality of life not covered in the core questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EORTC QLQ-LMC21 is a valid and reliable questionnaire module to use with the QLQ-C30 in assessing PROs in hepatectomy or palliative treatment for colorectal liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. J.M.Blazeby@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blazeby
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fayers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sezer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramage
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome