title: Identification of two novel inactive DFR-A alleles responsible for failure to produce anthocyanin and development of a simple PCR-based molecular marker for bulb color selection in onion (Allium cepa L.).
abstract: Two novel inactive alleles of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase-A (DFR-A) were identified in yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars and breeding lines from Korea and Japan. Unlike the previously reported inactive yellow DFR-A allele, designated as DFR-A ( TRN ) , in which the 3' portion of the coding sequences was deleted, an allele containing a premature stop codon, DFR-A ( PS ) , was isolated from the majority of cultivars. Co-segregation of DFR-A ( PS ) and color phenotypes in the F(2) population from a cross between yellow and red parents showed that inactivation of DFR-A was responsible for lack of anthocyanin in these yellow onions. In addition, RT-PCR analysis of F(2) population showed that the transcription level of the DFR-A ( PS ) allele was significantly reduced owing to non-sense-mediated mRNA decay. A 20-bp deletion of a simple sequence repeat in the promoter region of the DFR-A ( PS ) allele was used to develop a simple PCR-based molecular marker for selection of the DFR-A ( PS ) allele. All genotypes of 138 F(2) individuals were clearly distinguished by this molecular marker. In addition to the DFR-A ( PS ) allele, another DFR-A allele, DFR-A ( DEL ) , was identified in some cultivars. In case of the DFR-A ( DEL ) allele, no PCR products were amplified throughout DFR-A sequences including promoter regions, suggesting deletion of the entire DFR-A gene. Co-segregation of the absence of DFR-A and color phenotypes was confirmed in another F(2) population. Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that no DFR-A transcript was detected in any yellow F(2) individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. dronion@jnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sunggil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Doohyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Dong Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Eul-Tai
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moo-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003116:Color; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019697:Onions / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C056570:dihydroflavanol 4-reductase