title: Laparoscopic appendectomy--is it worth the cost? Trend analysis in the US from 2000 to 2005.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although laparoscopic appendectomy is widely used for treatment of appendicitis, it is still unclear if it is superior to the open approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2000 to 2005, hospitalizations with the primary ICD-9 procedure code of laparoscopic (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) were included in this study. Outcomes of length of stay, costs, and complications were assessed by stratified analysis for uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis (perforation or abscess). Regression methods were used to adjust for covariates and to detect trends. Costs were rescaled using the hospital and related services portion of the Medical Consumer Price Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2000 and 2005, 132,663 (56.3%) patients underwent OA and 102,810 (43.7%) had LA. Frequency of LA increased from 32.2% to 58.0% (p < 0.001); conversion rates decreased from 9.9% to 6.9% (p < 0.001). Covariate adjusted length of stay for LA was approximately 15% shorter than for OA in both uncomplicated and complicated cases (p < 0.001). Adjusted costs for LA were 22% higher in uncomplicated appendicitis and 9% higher in patients with complicated appendicitis (p < 0.001). Costs and length of stay decreased over time in OA and LA. The risk for a complication was higher in the LA group (p < 0.05, odds ratio=1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14) with uncomplicated appendicitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LA results in higher costs and increased morbidity for patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. Nevertheless, LA is increasingly used. Patients undergoing LA benefit from a slightly shorter hospital stay. In general, open appendectomy may be the preferred approach for patients with acute appendicitis, with indication for LA in selected subgroups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sporn
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Petroski
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: J Andres
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Astudillo
authors.forename: Brent W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thaler
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000191:economics* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000639:trends; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult