title: Prevalence, clearance, and incidence of anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected men: the HIPVIRG cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study was conducted to better understand the natural history of type-specific HPV infection in the anus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was conducted among HIV-seropositive MSM in Montreal to investigate acquisition and loss of anal HPV infection. Participants were followed up every 6 months for 3 years for risk behaviors, HIV-related parameters, and HPV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in 97.9% of the 247 participants at baseline (median, 5 HPV types). The most common types were HPV-16 (38.2%) and HPV-6 (35.3%). Prevalent HPV-16 infections had the lowest clearance rate (12.2 cleared episodes per 1000 person-months [95% confidence interval {CI}, 8.5-17.7]) and a mean retention time of 36 months (95% CI, 32.7-38.8). The highest incidence rates were found for HPV-16 (10.8 new cases per 1000 person-months [95% CI, 8.0-14.7]), HPV-52 (10.8 new cases per 1000 person-months [95% CI, 8.2-14.1]), and HPV-53 (9.8 new cases per 1000 person-months [95% CI, 7.4-13.0]), with cumulative incidences at 36 months of approximately 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple HPV types were common in the anal canals of HIV-seropositive MSM. Incidence and clearance rates were not similar among HPV types. Ongoing surveillance of this cohort will help our understanding of the determinants of HPV persistence and progression to lesions.
authors.affiliation: Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Département de Médecine Familiale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Pokomandy
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghattas
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vézina
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coté
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allaire
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coutlée
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult