Chronic endometritis is a frequent finding in women with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of endometrial sampling for identification and treatment of chronic endometritis (CE) in patients undergoing IVF-ET who repeatedly failed to conceive despite the transfer of good-quality embryos.


METHODS
Retrospective chart review.


METHODS
University-based tertiary fertility center.


METHODS
Thirty-three patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) who underwent endometrial sampling and subsequent ET were analyzed based on immunohistochemically confirmed CE: CE present on biopsy (group 1; n = 10) and CE absent on biopsy (group 2; n = 23). Patients with RIF undergoing IVF cycles during the same time period who did not have endometrial sampling were used as controls (group 3; n = 485).


METHODS
Endometrial sampling for CE and subsequent antibiotic treatment in affected patients followed by another IVF-ET cycle.


RESULTS
Chronic endometritis was identified in 30.3% of patients with RIF. Group 1 had lower implantation rates (11.5%) in the IVF cycle following treatment than did group 2 and group 3 (32.7% and 20.3%, respectively). Clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates were similar across groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Recurrent implantation failure warrants investigation of CE as a contributing factor. Women demonstrating CE on endometrial sampling have lower implantation rates in a subsequent IVF-ET cycle; however, there were no differences in subsequent clinical pregnancy or ongoing pregnancy rates after successful antibiotic treatment.
Johnston-MacAnanny
Erika B
EB
The Center for Advanced Reproductive Services, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
Hartnett
Janice
J
Engmann
Lawrence L
LL
Nulsen
John C
JC
Sanders
M Melinda
MM
Benadiva
Claudio A
CA
D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure