title: Craniofacial abnormalities, obesity, and hormonal alterations have similar effects in magnitude on the development of nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with acromegaly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with acromegaly, sleep apnea-related hypoxemia results in considerable morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relative weight of pathogenic factors in predicting such hypoxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 34 acromegaly patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, nocturnal oximetry, and nasolaryngeal airway tomography. GH, IGF-I, and its upper limit normal value were measured. Nocturnal hypoxemia was defined as >5 episodes of desaturation/h of sleep. Craniofacial abnormalities were expressed using a linear parameter index (LPI). Nocturnal hypoxemia was predicted using logistic regression, including the variables markers of craniofacial abnormality, hormonal alteration, and obesity. Coefficients were standardized in order to determine their effect magnitudes relative to the outcome. The best model included the variables gender, age, LPI, body mass index (BMI), and IGFI upper limit normal value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of the age and gender variables, the odds ratio for the LPI (1.60) was slightly higher than those found for BMI (1.49) and upper limit normal value (1.40). When the data were adjusted for age, the hormone upper limit normal value presented little alteration (1.49), although the decrease in the LPI was considerable (1.21), as was the increase in the BMI (2.18). The relative weight of the LPI was age-dependent. The gender variable did not alter the relevance of the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects that craniofacial aspect, obesity, and hormonal alterations have on nocturnal hypoxemia are of similar magnitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. pmarcelo@unb.br
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Naves
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Casulari
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Viegas
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011859:Radiography; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D010100:Oxygen