Nonylphenol, octylphenol, and bisphenol-A in the aquatic environment: a review on occurrence, fate, and treatment.
This paper reviews the current knowledge on the occurrence, biodegradation, and photooxidation of nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) in aquatic environment. Generally, the concentrations determined were 0.006-32.8, < 0.001-1.44, and 0.0005-4.0 mu g L(-1) for NP, OP, and BPA respectively in river waters worldwide. Anthropogenic activities that can lead to run-off and storm water discharge may contribute to such concentrations in rivers. Pathways for biodegradation of NP and BPA appear to be similar. The influence of ferric ions, oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the photooxidation of NP and BPA in natural water is presented. Several techniques including nanofiltration, adsorption, sonochemical, photocatalytic, chlorination, ozonation, and ferrate(VI) oxidation for removals of NP, OP, and BPA are also reviewed.
Sharma
Virender K
VK
Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA. vsharma@fit.edu
Anquandah
George A K
GA
Yngard
Ria A
RA
Kim
Hynook
H
Fekete
Jeno
J
Bouzek
Karel
K
Ray
Ajay K
AK
Golovko
Dmitriy
D
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002384:Catalysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010777:Photochemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C474055:octylphenol; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds