title: Seat height: effects on submaximal hand rim wheelchair performance during spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of wheelchair seat height on wheeling efficiency and technique during rehabilitation in subjects with a spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve persons with spinal cord injury (age range 19-77 years, lesion level: C5/C6-L2; 7 men; 8 incomplete).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects conducted 8 submaximal hand rim wheelchair exercise tests (4 min) on a computerized ergometer at 8 seat heights (elbow angle: 70-140 degrees , full extension = 180 degrees) in a counter-balanced order (individualized fixed power output (5.4-13.9 W) and speed). Last-minute physiological and technique parameters were evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multilevel regression analysis (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical strain and mechanical efficiency changed significantly (p < 0.05) with seat height, with optimal values at 100-130 degrees . Lower seat heights were clearly detrimental. Forces on the hand rims were affected by seat height, showing lower forces with increasing seat height. Lesion level was not a confounder of seat height with respect to mechanical efficiency, oxygen uptake or fraction effective force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean physiological data indicate a tendency to optimize at 100-130 degrees seat height. This does not relate to the trends seen in force and technique data. Optimization of seat height during spinal cord injury rehabilitation may lead to more efficient and less straining conditions for manual wheeling.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute MOVE, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. lvdwoude@fbw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Lucas H V
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: van der Woude
authors.forename: Arianne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouw
authors.forename: Joeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Wegen
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van As
authors.forename: Dirkjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veeger
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016552:Ergometry; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult