title: Planning in human children (Homo sapiens) assessed by maze problems on the touch screen.
abstract: The authors examined how human children perform on maze tasks on the touch screen and whether the children plan the solution of the mazes. In Experiment 1, the authors exposed children around 3 years of age to a maze having an L-shaped line as a barrier that can be solved by moving an illustration of a dog (the target) to that of a bone (the goal) with their fingers. The participants successfully solved the maze by taking efficient routes more frequently than chance, although the authors found no evidence that a preview of the maze before starting to solve the task facilitated their performance. In Experiment 2, using a plus-shaped maze, the authors found that 3- and 4-year-old children plan and adjust their moves while solving the maze, with 4-year-olds showing more advanced and higher-level planning than 3-year-olds. Similarity of these results to what the authors previously found in pigeons tested in the same tasks may suggest an analogy for planning capacity in the behavioral level across taxa and developmental stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Japan. himiyata@L14.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D009949:Orientation; D011340:Problem Solving; D013045:Species Specificity; D014110:Touch