title: The factor structure and factorial invariance for the decisional balance scale for adolescent smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transtheoretical model is a framework to explain smoking uptake and cessation in adolescence. Decisional balance is proposed as a driver of stage movement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) of the decisional balance scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we used confirmatory factor analysis followed by measurement equivalence/invariance testing to examine the factorial validity of the decisional balance scale in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlike previous studies, we found that a four-factor solution splitting cons into esthetic and health cons significantly improved the fit of model to the data. ME/I testing showed that the same structure and measurement model held for both smokers and nonsmokers, girls and boys, and across the three occasions the scale was administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cons showed strong evidence that it constituted two separate first order factors. Decisional balance for smoking in adolescence has good evidence of factorial validity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Primary Care & Public Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Boliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aveyard
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*