title: Budesonide/formoterol as effective as prednisolone plus formoterol in acute exacerbations of COPD. A double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, parallel-group, multicentre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators with or without antibiotics represent standard treatment of COPD exacerbations of moderate severity. Frequent courses of oral steroids may be a safety issue. We wanted to evaluate in an out-patient setting whether a 2-week course of inhaled budesonide/formoterol would be equally effective for treatment of acute COPD exacerbations as standard therapy in patients judged by the investigator not to require hospitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, parallel-group, multicentre study comparing two treatment strategies; two weeks' treatment with inhaled budesonide/formoterol (320/9 microg, qid) was compared with prednisolone (30 mg once daily) plus inhaled formoterol (9 microg bid) in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD attending a primary health care centre. Inclusion criteria were progressive dyspnoea for less than one week, FEV1 30-60% of predicted normal after acute treatment with a single dose of oral corticosteroid plus nebulised salbutamol/ipratropium bromide and no requirement for subsequent immediate hospitalisation, i.e the clinical status after the acute treatment allowed for sending the patient home.A total of 109 patients (mean age 67 years, 33 pack-years, mean FEV1 45% of predicted) were randomized to two weeks' double-blind treatment with budesonide/formoterol or prednisolone plus formoterol and subsequent open-label budesonide/formoterol (320/9 microg bid) for another 12 weeks. Change in FEV1 was the primary efficacy variable. Non-inferiority was predefined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-inferiority of budesonide/formoterol was proven because the lower limit of FEV1-change (97.5% CI) was above 90% of the efficacy of the alternative treatment. Symptoms, quality of life, treatment failures, need for reliever medication (and exacerbations during follow-up) did not differ between the groups. No safety concerns were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High dose budesonide/formoterol was as effective as prednisolone plus formoterol for the ambulatory treatment of acute exacerbations in non-hospitalized COPD patients. An early increase in budesonide/formoterol dose may therefore be tried before oral corticosteroids are used.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00259779.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Sweden. b.stallberg@salem.mail.telia.com
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ställberg
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Selroos
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogelmeier
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D005858:Germany; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019819:Budesonide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D011239:Prednisolone; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate