title: Financial remuneration for clinical and behavioral research participation: ethical and practical considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the practice of providing payment to clinical research participants has been ongoing for more than a century, it remains an ethically controversial topic among members of the research community. The aims of this commentary are to summarize ethical and practical considerations regarding financial remuneration of research participants and to make recommendations for researchers contemplating this practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search was conducted to explore the ethical implications surrounding financial remuneration and review the body of empiric data on this topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Financial remuneration is perceived to be ethically acceptable by many researchers and research participants and can be helpful in the recruitment process. It is recommended that when investigators are contemplating whether to offer payment to research participants, they should consider the nature of the study and the potential benefits and risks to the participants, institutional or organizational guidelines, and cultural and societal norms specific to the population being studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Financial remuneration has the ability to serve as a sign of appreciation for the contributions of research participants and a way to facilitate clinical and behavioral research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA. jwey1@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Permuth-Wey
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Borenstein
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics; D003363:Cost Control; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016134:Organizational Policy; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D012052:Reimbursement, Incentive; D014481:United States