title: Posttraumatic edema of the lower extremities: evaluation of the lymphatic vessels with magnetic resonance lymphangiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess for the first time the morphology of the lymphatic system in patients with posttraumatic edema of the lower extremities by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using the interstitial lymphangiography technique
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with posttraumatic edema in eight of their 12 lower extremities were examined by MR lymphangiography. Eighteen mL of gadoteridol and one mL of mepivacainhydrochloride 1% were subdivided into 10 portions and injected intracutaneously. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5-T system equipped with high-performance gradients. For MR lymphangiography, a 3D-spoiled gradient-echo sequence was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In five of the eight (63%) traumatized lower extremities, enlarged lymphatic vessels were detected, with the largest diameter measuring 5 mm. Additionally, a fast lymphatic outflow was observed in seven of the eight (88%) traumatized legs with enhancement of the inguinal lymph nodes already in the first image acquisition 15 minutes after contrast material injection. In two of the eight (25%) traumatized lower extremities, an extensive network of collateral lymphatic vessels was detected at the level of the calf. In both extremities, lymphatic collateralization involved not only the epifascial but also the subfascial lymphatic system. In one patient, who sustained a trauma of the left lower leg with tibial fracture, a small aneurysmatic widening of 7 mm could be detected at the middle level of the calf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR lymphangiography is a safe and accurate minimal-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of the lymphatic circulation in patients with posttraumatic edema of the lower extremities. If the extent of lymphatic damage is unclear at the initial clinical examination or requires a better definition for optimal therapeutic planning, MR lymphangiography is able to identify the anatomic and physiological derangements and to establish an objective baseline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. christian.lohrmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felmerer
authors.forename: Etelka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foeldi
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D035002:Lower Extremity; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium