title: Towards quantifying the aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: comparison of clinical photography and colorimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scarring is a significant cause of dissatisfaction for women who undergo breast surgery. Scar tissue may be clinically distinguished from normal skin by aberrant colour, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy) and firmness. Colorimeters or spectrophotometers can be used to quantitatively assess scar colour, but they require direct patient interaction and can cost thousands of dollars. By comparison, digital photography is already in widespread use to document clinical outcomes and requires less patient interaction. Thus, assessment of scar coloration by digital photography is an attractive alternative. The goal of this study was to compare colour measurements obtained by digital photography and colorimetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agreements between photographic and colorimetric measurements of colour were evaluated. Experimental conditions were controlled by performing measurements on artificial scars created by a make-up artist. The colorimetric measurements of the artificial scars were compared with those reported in the literature for real scars in order to confirm the validity of this approach. We assessed the agreement between the colorimetric and photographic measurements of colour using a hypothesis test for equivalence, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, good agreement was obtained for three parameters (L*a*b*) measured by colorimetry and photography from the results of three statistical analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colour measurements obtained by digital photography were equivalent to those obtained using colorimetry. Thus, digital photography is a reliable, cost-effective measurement method of skin colour and should be further investigated for quantitative analysis of surgical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Min Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Rodney
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kite
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Mia K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Markey
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D003124:Colorimetry; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D055815:Young Adult