title: Expression of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS is increased in cochlea of diabetic rat.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that diabetes causes up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which may be involved in the pathogenesis of cochlea functional loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for diabetic microangiopathy in the inner ear, we studied the expression of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat cochlea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunofluorescence studies were performed by using FITC-labelled specific antibodies to VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS on paraffin sections of the cochlea. The expression levels of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS were quantified by means of Western blot analysis of cochlea protein extracts. Evans blue (EB) was used to investigate blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) permeability in the cochlea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased cochlear expression of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS was detected in the diabetic rat. Furthermore, increased permeability of BLB was evidenced by increased cochlear EB extravasation in the diabetic rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Anting
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003051:Cochlea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III