title: Long-term outcome after balloon angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta in adolescents and adults: Is aneurysm formation an issue?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to evaluate long-term outcome following balloon angioplasty for coarctation in adults.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Long-term results of balloon angioplasty for native coarctation in adults remain incomplete, especially concerning the occurrence of aneurysm formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term follow-up data were collected in consecutive patients retrospectively. Results of balloon angioplasty (29 patients, age 15-71 years, during 1995-2005) for discrete, native coarctation were evaluated, including MRI or CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up ranged from 2.2 to 13 years (mean 8.5 +/- 3.2). Immediate success was obtained in all patients. Early mortality or complications were not encountered. Peak systolic pressure gradient decreased from 52 +/- 21 to 7.2 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Intima tear was detected in eight procedures angiographically, without signs of dissection. Three-month follow-up angiography in these patients showed unchanged (4/8 patients) or diminished abnormalities (4/8 patients). One asymptomatic patient, known with left ventricular dysfunction due to significant aortic valve insufficiency, died suddenly 5 years after balloon angioplasty. Recoarctation occurred in one patient (3%). Late aneurysm formation was excluded by MR in 24/29 and CT in remaining 5/29 patients during follow-up, including those patients in whom intima tear was encountered immediately postangioplasty. In three of seven patients an irregular aortic contour persisted, without indication of progression or aneurysm formation. Hypertension was completely relieved in 67% (14/21 patients) and improved in 33% (7/21 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon angioplasty for native coarctation yields low reintervention probability in adult patients. Despite occurrence of angiographically established intimal tearing, aortic dissection and aneurysm formation were not encountered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. r.j.walhout@hetnet.nl
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Walhout
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Suttorp
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mackaij
authors.forename: J M P G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: H W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Plokker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001027:Aortography; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional