title: S-1: a promising new oral fluoropyrimidine derivative.
abstract: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine that is designed to improve the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) concomitantly with an intent to reduce its toxicity. S-1 consists of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-FU combined with two 5-FU biochemical modulators:5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (gimeracil or CDHP), a competitive inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and oteracil potassium which inhibits phosphorylation of 5-FU in the gastrointestinal tract decreasing serious gastrointestinal toxicities,including nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhea. Being an oral agent, S-1 offers convenience of administration and prevents complications of central venous access such as infection, thrombosis and bleeding. S-1 has shown efficacy in both gastrointestinal as well non-gastrointestinal malignancies. The authors review the current literature and provide their expert opinion on the incorporation of S-1 in the treatment of solid malignancies [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 116 New Haven, CT 06520, USA. wasif.saif@yale.edu
authors.forename: Muhammad Wasif
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Saif
authors.forename: Kostas N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Syrigos
authors.forename: Nikos A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Katirtzoglou
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid