title: Observation on the attachment of muscles onto the hyoid bone in human adults.
abstract: The attachments of muscles onto the hyoid bone were observed macroscopically, and the lengths and widths of each muscles onto the hyoid bone were measured. The tongue-pharyngeal block as a whole obtained from 50 cadavers were used. Each muscle was colored by acrylic pigments for identification. The results showed that the mylohyoid muscles were attached onto the lower anterior surface of the hyoid bone body. The geniohyoid muscles had many types of attachment forms and significant individual differences. The hyoglossal muscles showed various attachments at the posterior end of the greater cornu. The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles attached with two bundles in some cases. The sternohyoid muscles and omohyoid muscles were classified by their positional relationship with each other. The thyrohyoid muscles were classified by the conditions of their overlaps with the omohyoid muscles and the sternohyoid muscles. From the aforementioned results, the following muscles were found attached to the hyoid bone in a further developed state: mylohyoid muscles, geniohyoid muscles, hyoglossal muscles, thyrohyoid muscles and hyoglossal muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gross Anatomy Section, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamatsu
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology