title: Effect of vibration on forward split flexibility and pain perception in young male gymnasts.
abstract: Serious stretching in many sports involves discomfort and is often an early ceiling on improvements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To continue investigation of the use of vibration to enhance acute range of motion while assessing the influence of vibration and stretching on pressure-to-pain threshold perception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten young male gymnasts were assessed for split range of motion. One side split was randomly assigned as the experimental condition, and the other side split was assigned as the control. Both side splits were performed on a vibration device; the experimental condition had the device turned on and the control condition was performed with the device turned off. In addition, the athletes were assessed for pressure-to-pain transition using an algometer on the biceps femoris (stretched muscle) and vastus lateralis (nonstretched muscle) bilaterally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-post difference scores between the vibrated split (most improved) and the nonvibrated split were statistically different (P=.001, 95% confidence interval of the difference 2.3 to 5.8 cm). Following the stretching protocol, the force values for the pressure-to-pain threshold comparing the vibrated and nonvibrated biceps femoris muscle were not statistically different. The nonstretched vastus lateralis muscle also showed no statistical difference in pressure-to-pain threshold between the vibration and nonvibration conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that vibration improved split range of motion over stretching alone, but did not show a difference in pressure-to-pain perception in either the stretched or nonstretched muscles.
authors.affiliation: Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Jeni R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McNeal
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: G Gregory
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Haff
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kinser
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010465:Perception; D018583:Pliability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014732:Vibration