title: Metachronous gliomas following cranial irradiation for mixed germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cranial irradiation has been widely used as a therapeutic tool for treating various lesions, particularly neoplastic diseases. Even though radiation therapy is usually well-tolerated, it occasionally causes clinically significant long-term toxicity such as radiation necrosis and irradiation-related arteriopathy with stroke.
  The development of neoplasms following therapeutic cranial irradiation is also rare, but may cause serious and potentially fatal complications. Various radiation-induced tumors, including meningioma, glioma, and sarcoma have been reported (Child Nerv Syst 24:793-805, 12). However, metachronous intracranial double tumors induced by radiation therapy are extremely rare. In here, we report a case of metachronous different gliomas including astrocytoma and glioblastoma following irradiation therapy after 41 and 46 months, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology of St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. makiak@luke.or.jp
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makidono
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saida
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawamori
authors.forename: Koyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed