title: [Intravenous injection rate and site of fentanyl affect the incidence and onset time of fentanyl-induced cough].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of intravenous injection rate and site of fentanyl on the incidence and onset time of fentanyl-induced cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five ASA class I or II patients were randomized into 3 groups and received intravenous fentanyl administration at 4 microg/kg in different manners. In group A, fentanyl was injected within 2 s into the forearm veins; in group B, fentanyl was injected in 2 s through the dorsal foot veins or the great saphenous vein anterior to the ankle; in group C, fentanyl was injected in 15 s by the same route as in group A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of cough was 44%, 52% and 8%, with cough onset time of 16.1-/+2.7 s, 21.9-/+3.7 s and 23.3-/+3.2 s in groups A, B and C, respectively. Compared with group A, group B had a delayed onset of cough (P<0.05), and group C had both a lowered incidence of cough (P<0.05) and delayed onset of cough (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of fentanyl injection through the same peripheral venous access at the same dose may affect the incidence and onset time of cough. At the same dose and injection rate of fentanyl, forearm venous access of injection resulted in earlier onset of cough than lower limb venous access, but the incidence is similar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. chenyeming@263.net
authors.forename: Ye-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shi-wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Miao-ning
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D005283:Fentanyl