title: Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on parietal and premotor cortex during planning of reaching movements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral activation during planning of reaching movements occurs both in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and premotor cortex (PM), and their activation seems to take place in parallel.
  
  
  METHODS
  The activation of the SPL and PM has been investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during planning of reaching movements under visual guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A facilitory effect was found when TMS was delivered on the parietal cortex at about half of the time from sight of the target to hand movement, independently of target location in space. Furthermore, at the same stimulation time, a similar facilitory effect was found in PM, which is probably related to movement preparation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data contributes to the understanding of cortical dynamics in the parieto-frontal network, and suggests that it is possible to interfere with the planning of reaching movements at different cortical points within a particular time window. Since similar effects may be produced at similar times on both the SPL and PM, parallel processing of visuomotor information is likely to take place in these regions.
authors.affiliation: BRAIN Center for Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. busan@dfp.units.it
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Busan
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semenic
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzolato
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelamatti
authors.forename: Piero Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Battaglini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation