title: Effect of HSV-2 serostatus on acquisition of HIV by young men: results of a longitudinal study in Orange Farm, South Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to assess the impact among young men of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) status on the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and on the protective effect of male circumcision against HIV acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data collected during a male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm, South Africa. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HIV acquisition, using survival analysis and background characteristics, HSV-2 status, male circumcision status, and sexual behavior as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects who remained HSV-2 negative throughout the study, subjects who were HSV-2 positive at enrollment had an adjusted IRR of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-7.4; P=.004), and those who became HSV-2 positive during follow-up had an adjusted IRR of 7.0 (95% CI, 3.9-12.4; P<.001). The population fraction of incident HIV infection attributable to HSV-2 was 27.8% (95% CI, 17.7%-37.2%). Intention-to-treat analysis of the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition was the same among men with and men without HSV-2 (0.38 vs. 0.37; P=.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that HSV-2 has a substantial impact on HIV acquisition among young South African men. It suggests that HSV-2 infection enhances HIV acquisition and is responsible for approximately 25% of incident cases of HIV infection. However, the protective effect of male circumcision against HIV acquisition appears independent of HSV-2 serostatus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00122525.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U687, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobngwi-Tambekou
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissouba
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarca
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puren
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lagarde
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Auvert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral