title: External rotation lag sign revisited: accuracy for diagnosis of full thickness supraspinatus tear.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reassessed the sensitivity and the specificity of the external rotator lag sign (ERLS) for diagnosis of supraspinatus tears in a large cohort of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ERLS was used to assess 401 consecutive patients with 406 painful shoulder conditions. The clinical diagnosis was controlled either arthroscopically or by open surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tears, the ERLS had a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 98%. When the lesion involved the infraspinatus and the teres minor the sensitivity improved substantially. There was a strong correlation between the extension of the tear and the amount of the lag. The lag increased from 7 degrees for an isolated rupture of the supraspinatus tendon to 26 degrees in case of extension to the teres minor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ERLS is highly specific and acceptably sensitive for diagnosis of full-thickness tears, even in case of an isolated lesion of the supraspinatus tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 2; Prospective cohort treatment study.
authors.affiliation: University of Turin Medical School, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castoldi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blonna
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hertel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult