title: Intracranial arterial wall imaging using high-resolution 3-tesla contrast-enhanced MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional arterial imaging focuses on the vessel lumen but lacks specificity because different pathologies produce similar luminal defects. Wall imaging can characterize extracranial arterial pathology, but imaging intracranial walls has been limited by resolution and signal constraints. Higher-field scanners may improve visualization of these smaller vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-tesla contrast-enhanced MRI was used to study the intracranial arteries from a consecutive series of patients at a tertiary stroke center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiplanar T2-weighted fast spin echo and multiplanar T1 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery precontrast and postcontrast images were acquired in 37 patients with focal neurologic deficits. Clinical diagnoses included atherosclerotic disease (13), CNS inflammatory disease (3), dissections (3), aneurysms (3), moyamoya syndrome (2), cavernous angioma (1), extracranial source of stroke (5), and no definitive clinical diagnosis (7). Twelve of 13 with atherosclerotic disease had focal, eccentric vessel wall enhancement, 10 of whom had enhancement only in the vessel supplying the area of ischemic injury. Two of 3 with inflammatory diseases had diffuse, concentric vessel wall enhancement. Three of 3 with dissection showed bright signal on T1, and 2 had irregular wall enhancement with a flap and dual lumen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-tesla contrast-enhanced MRI can be used to study the wall of intracranial blood vessels. T2 and precontrast and postcontrast T1 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images at 3 tesla may be able to differentiate enhancement patterns of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques (eccentric), inflammation (concentric), and other wall pathologies. Prospective studies are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of arterial wall imaging for distinguishing the range of pathologic conditions affecting cerebral vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, New East Wing, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhuta
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Farb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Willinsky
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Terbrugge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butany
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mikulis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media