title: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in Asian and Pacific Islander U.S. youth: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given limited reports on diabetes among U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander youth, we describe the clinical characteristics, incidence, and prevalence of diabetes among Asian, Pacific Islander, and mixed Asian-Pacific Islander youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 245 Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander participants in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based study of diabetes in youth (aged <20 years). Additionally, we estimated the incidence and prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes for Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth combined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants with type 2 diabetes were obese (range Asian 71% to Pacific Islander 100%) with mean BMI >33 kg/m(2). In those with type 1 diabetes, Pacific Islanders were more likely to be obese, with a mean BMI of 26 vs. 20 kg/m(2) for Asian and Asian-Pacific Islander youth (P < 0.0001). The incidence of type 1 diabetes for youth aged 0-9 years was 6.4 per 100,000 person-years and 7.4 per 100,000 person-years for youth aged 10-19 years. The incidence of type 2 diabetes was 12.1 per 100,000 person-years for youth aged 10-19 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While Asian and Asian-Pacific Islanders with type 1 and type 2 diabetes had lower mean BMIs than Pacific Islanders, all Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islanders with type 2 diabetes had mean BMIs above adult ethnicity-specific definitions of obesity. While the majority of Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth had type 1 diabetes, older Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth (aged 10-19 years) have an incidence of type 2 diabetes almost double that of type 1 diabetes. Public health efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes and obesity in Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander adolescents are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA. lennall@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Lenna L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Joyce P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Beatriz L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Santica M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Waitzfelder
authors.forename: Wilfred Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001213:Asian / Q000208:ethnology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult