title: Effects of short-term cooling on pregnancy rate of dairy heifers under summer heat stress.
abstract: Thermal stress in cattle results in major decreases in dairy production and reproduction. A study was designed to evaluate the influence of temporary cooling on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers during summer heat stress. Estrus was synchronized with two injections of prostaglandin [Formula: see text] (PG), administrated 11 d apart, and all heifers were housed in a shaded enclosed structure at the time of the second PG injection. After estrus detection, heifers were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C; n = 30), Sprinkler (S; n = 30) or Sprinkler and Fan (SF; n = 30). Rectal temperatures were measured 2.5 hours before AI, at the time of AI, and 1.5 and 3.5 hours after AI. Group C heifers receive no further treatment, but heifers in S and SF groups were exposed to short-term cooling from 2 hours before until 2 hours after AI with a sprinkler (S) or sprinkler and a fan (SF), respectively. Estrus detection and AI were performed by a single skilled technician; semen was from a bull of known fertility. Rectal temperature did not differ among groups 2.5 hours before AI, but at the time of AI was lower (P < 0.05) in SF group (39.3 +/- 0.0 degrees C) than in S (39.5 +/- 0.0 degrees C) and C (39.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C) groups which also differed (P < 0.05). At 1.5 and 3.5 hours after AI, rectal temperature remained lower in SF group (38.9 +/- 0.0 and 38.7 +/- 0.0 degrees C, respectively) than in the S (39.4 +/- 0.0 and 39.2 +/- 0.0 degrees C, respectively) and C (39.3 +/- 0.0 and 39.3 +/- 0.0 degrees C, respectively) groups, which no longer differed. Pregnancy rate following AI was higher (P < 0.05) in SF group (56.7%) than in the C group (23.3%) with the S group (40%) intermediate and not different from either. The present study results indicate that cooling of dairy heifers for a short time before and after AI, especially with sprinkler and fan, can increase pregnancy rate during heat stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. aliasgharmoghaddam2000@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pooyanmehr
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003612:Dairying; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007492:Iran; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012621:Seasons