title: Clinical observation of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia (analysis of 49 case reports).
abstract: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy (VE) in the treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (EOA), we retrospectively analyzed data from 49 patients with EOA who underwent two-suture longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE) between 2000 and 2007. The data included the surgical method, postoperative motile sperm count per ejaculation, percentage of progressive motile sperm and patency and pregnancy outcomes. There were a total of 49 men undergoing scrotal exploration, and epididymal obstruction was found in all cases. Bilateral or unilateral anastomoses were performed in 40 and 6 men, respectively. The postoperative courses of 42 patients were followed up for more than 6 months, and the courses of 38 patients were followed up for more than 1 year. The overall patency and pregnancy rates were 71.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Moreover, progressive motile sperm was more frequently present in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at cauda than at corpus or caput. Pregnancy was achieved only in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at least on one side of the cauda epididymis. We think that the loupe-assisted method, with a lower overall cost and a simplified surgical procedure, can achieve satisfactory patency outcomes and pregnancy results. Data from this paper also suggest that paternity outcomes occur more frequently after anastomoses at cauda than at corpus or caput.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing 100044, China. guoxizhang@126.com
authors.forename: Guo-Xi
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Ke-Xin
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ji-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004543:Ejaculatory Ducts / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013081:Sperm Motility; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014669:Vasovasostomy / Q000379:methods*