title: Mountain birch under multiple stressors--heavy metal-resistant populations co-resistant to biotic stress but maladapted to abiotic stress.
abstract: Stress adaptations often include a trade-off of weakened performance in nonlocal conditions, resulting in divergent selection, and potentially, genetic differentiation and evolutionary adaptation. Results of a two-phase (greenhouse and field) common garden experiment demonstrated adaptation of mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii) populations from industrially polluted areas of the Kola Peninsula, north-western Russia, to heavy metals (HM), whereas no adaptations to wind or drought stress were detected in populations from wind-exposed sites. HM-adapted seedlings were maladapted to drought but less palatable (co-resistant) to insect herbivores, even under background HM concentrations. The absence of adaptations to harsh microclimate and the generally high adaptive potential of mountain birch, a critical forest forming tree in subarctic Europe, need to be accounted for in models predicting consequences of human-driven environmental changes, including the projected climate change.
authors.affiliation: Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. janera@utu.fi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Eränen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Zverev
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kozlov
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D029662:Betula / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical