Effect of the artificial sweetener, sucralose, on gastric emptying and incretin hormone release in healthy subjects.
The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), play an important role in glucose homeostasis in both health and diabetes. In mice, sucralose, an artificial sweetener, stimulates GLP-1 release via sweet taste receptors on enteroendocrine cells. We studied blood glucose, plasma levels of insulin, GLP-1, and GIP, and gastric emptying (by a breath test) in 7 healthy humans after intragastric infusions of 1) 50 g sucrose in water to a total volume of 500 ml (approximately 290 mosmol/l), 2) 80 mg sucralose in 500 ml normal saline (approximately 300 mosmol/l, 0.4 mM sucralose), 3) 800 mg sucralose in 500 ml normal saline (approximately 300 mosmol/l, 4 mM sucralose), and 4) 500 ml normal saline (approximately 300 mosmol/l), all labeled with 150 mg 13C-acetate. Blood glucose increased only in response to sucrose (P<0.05). GLP-1, GIP, and insulin also increased after sucrose (P=0.0001) but not after either load of sucralose or saline. Gastric emptying of sucrose was slower than that of saline (t50: 87.4+/-4.1 min vs. 74.7+/-3.2 min, P<0.005), whereas there were no differences in t50 between sucralose 0.4 mM (73.7+/-3.1 min) or 4 mM (76.7+/-3.1 min) and saline. We conclude that sucralose, delivered by intragastric infusion, does not stimulate insulin, GLP-1, or GIP release or slow gastric emptying in healthy humans.
Ma
Jing
J
University of Adelaide, Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terr., Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
Bellon
Max
M
Wishart
Judith M
JM
Young
Richard
R
Blackshaw
L Ashley
LA
Jones
Karen L
KL
Horowitz
Michael
M
Rayner
Christopher K
CK
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C026285:trichlorosucrose