title: Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is there a difference in the level and pattern of free-living physical activity between individuals with chronic low back pain and matched controls?
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen individuals with chronic low back pain and fifteen healthy controls matched for age, gender, and occupation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants wore an activity monitor for seven days. Level of physical activity was measured as time standing and walking, and number of steps averaged over a 24-hour day (midnight to midnight), day time (9.00 am - 4.00 pm), and evening time (6.00 pm - 10.00 pm), and work days versus non-work days. Pattern of physical activity was measured as number of steps and cadence during short (< 20 continuous steps), moderate (20-100 continuous steps), long (> 100-499 continuous steps), and extra long walks (>or= 500 continuous steps).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over an average 24-hour day, the chronic low back pain group spent 0.7 fewer hours (95% CI 0.3 to 1.1) walking, and took 3480 fewer steps (95% CI 1754 to 5207) than the healthy controls. They took 793 fewer steps/day (95% CI -4 to 1591) during moderate walks, and 1214 fewer steps/day (95% CI 425 to 2003) during long walks, and 11 fewer steps/min (95% CI 4 to 17) during extra long walks than the healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls.
authors.affiliation: Health and social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Cormac.ryan@gcal.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cormac G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: P Margaret Margaret
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Philippa M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dall
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Malcolm H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Granat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult