title: Fabrication of compositionally and structurally graded Ti-TiO2 structures using laser engineered net shaping (LENS).
abstract: Novel structures with functional gradation in composition and structure were successfully made in Ti-TiO(2) combination using laser engineered net shaping. The addition of fully dense, compositionally graded TiO(2) ceramic on porous Ti significantly increased the surface wettability and hardness. The graded structures with varying concentrations of TiO(2) on the top surface were found to be non-toxic and biocompatible. In addition, the higher wettability of surfaces with TiO(2) can enhance their ability to form chemisorbed lubricating films, which can potentially lower the friction coefficient against ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene liner, thus reducing its wear rate. These unitized structures with open porosity on one side and hard, low friction surface on the other side can eliminate the need for multiple parts with different compositions for load-bearing implants such as total hip prostheses.
authors.affiliation: W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.
authors.forename: Vamsi Krishna
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: Paul Duteil
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: DeVasConCellos
authors.forename: Weichang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium