title: Detection and molecular characterization of swine hepatitis E virus in North Carolina swine herds and their faecal wastes.
abstract: Recent findings of almost genetically indistinguishable swine and human strains, have suggested swine play a role in the transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The extent to which HEV may be present and persist in the faecal waste generated from intensive swine operations is largely unknown. The fate of swine waste liquid is often land application, possibly resulting in unintentional seepage into groundwater or run-off into surface waters, hence validating concerns of human exposure risks. Freshly passed swine faeces, barn flush liquid waste, and lagoon liquid from production sites in North Carolina were surveyed periodically for HEV using RT-PCR primers located in ORF2. On three farms where HEV RNA was detected in swine faeces, it was also found in stored liquid waste on several occasions. HEV presence was related to swine age but not to animal management and waste management procedures, which varied amongst the farms. Seasonal patterns of HEV prevalence could not be established as viral RNA was isolated at all time points from two farms. Phylogenetic analysis of 212 bases of the genomic RNA indicated that isolates resembled the known US swine and human strains (percentage nucleic acid homology 91 to 94%), with one amino acid substitution.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Methods Development Branch Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Sciences Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. julieannkase@gmail.com
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sobsey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral