title: Fasted to fed trafficking of Fatty acids in human adipose tissue reveals a novel regulatory step for enhanced fat storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Absence or excess of adipose tissue are both associated with metabolic complications, implying the importance of well-functioning adipose tissue present in normal amounts. Adipose tissue sequesters dietary fat and thus protects other tissues from excess fat exposure, especially after meals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was the use of an integrative physiological technique to quantify trafficking of fatty acids (FAs) in adipose tissue over a 24 h period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adipose tissue FA handling was studied in response to three meals in eight healthy men by the combination of arteriovenous blood sampling, tissue blood flow, and specific labeling of FA tracing of exogenous and endogenous fat by stable isotope methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficiency of adipose tissue FA uptake increased robustly with each meal. Chylomicron-triglyceride was the dominating source of FA. Adipose tissue fractional extraction of chylomicron-triglyceride increased from 21 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 8% (P = 0.03) between the first and last meal. Although adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase action increased with time (2-fold), there was an even greater increase in FA reesterification (3-fold), which led to a reduced spillover of chylomicron-derived FA, from 77 +/- 15 to 34 +/- 7% (P = 0.04) comparing the end of the first and the third meal period. Increased uptake of very low-density lipoprotein-derived FA was observed, but spillover of very low-density lipoprotein-derived FA was seen only in the fasting state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human adipose tissue has a significant potential to up-regulate fat storage during a normal day that goes beyond increased lipoprotein lipase activation. The adaptation toward increasing fat storage may provide an explanation for the beneficial properties of normal amounts of adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Toralph
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruge
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheeseman
authors.forename: A Louise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Sandy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Keith N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Frayn
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karpe
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides