title: Risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis trials, higher rates of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) were found than in trials with intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); this observation could have been due to the inclusion of more severely affected patients in IA thrombolysis trials. In the present study, we investigated the rate of sICH in IA and combined IV + IA thrombolysis versus IV thrombolysis after adjusting for differences in clinical and MRI parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter study, we systematically analyzed data from 645 patients with anterior-circulation strokes treated with either IV or IA thrombolysis within 6 h following symptom onset. Thrombolytic regimens included (1) IV tPA treatment (n = 536) and (2) IA treatment with either tPA or urokinase (n = 74) or (3) combined IV + IA treatment with either tPA or urokinase (n = 35).
  
  
  RESULTS
  44 (6.8%) patients developed sICH. sICH patients had significantly higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and pretreatment DWI lesions. The sICH risk was 5.2% (n = 28) in IV thrombolysis, which is significantly lower than in IA (12.5%, n = 9) or IV + IA thrombolysis (20%, n = 7). In a binary logistic regression analysis including age, NIHSS score, time to thrombolysis, initial diffusion weighted imaging lesion size, mode of thrombolytic treatment and thrombolytic agent, the mode of thrombolytic treatment remained an independent predictor for sICH. The odds ratio for IA or IV + IA versus IV treatment was 3.466 (1.19-10.01, 95% CI, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, IA and IV + IA thrombolysis is associated with an increased sICH risk as compared to IV thrombolysis, and this risk is independent of differences in baseline parameters such as age, initial NIHSS score or pretreatment lesion size.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Neurologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany. o.singer@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkefeld
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiehler
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lansberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrup
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Derex
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumann-Haefelin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator