title: Preparation of injectable 3D-formed beta-tricalcium phosphate bead/alginate composite for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: A novel, injectable bone tissue engineering material was developed that consisted of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) beads as the solid phase and alginate as the gel phase. To prepare the instantaneously formed composite scaffold, an aqueous calcium chloride solution was dried on the surface of beta-TCP beads and crosslinked with an alginic acid sodium solution, thereby forming stable beta-TCP beads and alginate gel which were injectable via a syringe. This biodegradable composite was a three-dimensional (3D) material that could be used as an injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In particular, the composite with 2.0 wt% alginate concentration exhibited a compressive strength of 69 kPa in dry conditions, which was significantly higher than that exhibited by 1.0 wt%. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were 3D-cultured within the composite and then investigated for osteogenic markers. MSC-loaded composite was subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination and implanted subcutaneously for in vivo experiment. Results showed that the scaffold provided support for osteogenic differentiation. In light of the encouraging results obtained, this novel injectable composite material may be useful for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan. matsunot@tky.ndu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Seita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Yamauchi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshitaka
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umezu
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tazuko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002122:Calcium Chloride