title: Long-term followup of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection for vesicoureteral reflux: late failure warrants continued followup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection of ureteral orifices is a popular option in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, with success rates ranging from 69% to 89%. We found only 1 study that followed patients beyond the initial postoperative voiding cystourethrogram, which describes a 96% success rate at 2 to 5 years but defines success as "nondilating" reflux. We examined our dextranomer/hyaluronic acid series to evaluate the long-term (1-year) outcome in children who had resolution of reflux on initial postoperative voiding cystourethrography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our dextranomer/hyaluronic acid experience from February of 2002 to December of 2005. We determined initial success on early (6 to 12-week) postoperative voiding cystourethrogram. We then evaluated long-term success by obtaining a voiding cystourethrogram at 1 year postoperatively in patients who were initially cured of reflux. In addition, success rates between the first and second halves of our experience were evaluated to account for surgeon experience and modification of technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our total success rate at initial voiding cystourethrogram was 73% (246 of 337 total ureters). The success rate in the first half of our experience was 65.9% (112 of 170 ureters) and in the second half was 80.2% (134 of 167). A total of 150 ureteral units with initial successful dextranomer/hyaluronic acid treatment were evaluated at 1 year by voiding cystourethrogram. Of these ureters 111 had continued resolution of vesicoureteral reflux, for a long-term success rate of 74%. Including initial postoperative failures, the complete 1-year total success rate was 46.1% (111 of 241 ureters).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the reflux resolution rates at initial postoperative voiding cystourethrogram approach those of open surgery, there is a significant failure rate at 1 year, which warrants long-term followup.
authors.affiliation: Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: Romano T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Demarco
authors.forename: J Patrick
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid