title: Cerebrovascular reactivity, intima-media thickness, and nephropathy presence in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebrovascular reactivity impairment was reported as a marker of cerebral microangiopathy in long-term type 1 diabetes. Intima-media complex thickening reflects early stages of macroangiopathy in type 1 diabetes. The analysis of the relationship between these variables and other microangiopathic complications might serve as a beneficial indicator for early prophylaxis in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vasomotor reactivity reserve (VMRr) and breath-holding index (BHI) of the middle cerebral artery were measured with transcranial Doppler in 59 patients (median age 32.0 years, range 20-51, 36 females) with type 1 diabetes, without history of cerebrovascular events, and 30 healthy control subjects (median age 31.5 years, range 25-39, 15 females). The relationships between the presence of selected vascular complications of type 1 diabetes and biochemical parameters, intima-media thickness (IMT), and VMRr and BHI in patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VMRr and BHI were lower in patients with type 1 diabetes when compared with healthy subjects (81.5 vs. 100%, P < 0.01, and 1.6 vs. 2.2, P = 0.04, respectively), whereas IMT was significantly higher in patients then in healthy control subjects (0.36 vs. 0.30 mm, P = 0.001). However, no association of IMT with VMRr was found. We found a significant reduction of VMRr and BHI in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of diabetic nephropathy, but not IMT, can be regarded as an indicator of cerebral microangiopathy severity in patients with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Gdask, Gdask, Poland. gkozera@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Grzegorz M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kozera
authors.forename: Bogumił
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolnik
authors.forename: Katarzyna B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kunicka
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szczyrba
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojczal
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schminke
authors.forename: Walenty M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nyka
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bieniaszewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D014666:Vasomotor System; D055815:Young Adult