title: Antiphospholipid antibodies and multiple organ failure in critically ill cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical outcomes and thrombotic events in a series of critically ill cancer patients positive for antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical-surgical oncologic intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with SIRS/sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) and positive for aPL antibodies, included over a 10-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  None
  
  
  RESULTS
  aPL antibodies and coagulation parameters were measured up to 48 hours after the occurrence of acrocyanosis or arterial/venous thrombotic events. When current criteria for the diagnosis of aPL syndrome were applied, 16 patients met the criteria for 'probable' and two patients had a definite diagnosis of APL syndrome in its catastrophic form (CAPS). Acrocyanosis, arterial events and venous thrombosis were present in eighteen, nine and five patients, respectively. Sepsis, cancer and major surgery were the main precipitating factors. All patients developed MOF during the ICU stay, with a hospital mortality rate of 72% (13/18). Five patients were discharged from the hospital. There were three survivors at 90 days of follow-up. New measurements of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) antibodies were performed in these three survivors and one patient still tested positive for these antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small series of patients, we observed a high frequency of auto-antibodies and micro- and macro-vascular thrombotic events in critically ill cancer patients. The coexistence of sepsis or SIRS and aPL antibodies was often associated with MOF and death. More studies are necessary to determine the pathophysiological significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in severely ill cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Câncer-I, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. jorgesalluh@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Jorge I F
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Salluh
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Meis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid