title: Is a family history of bipolar disorder a risk factor for migraine among affectively ill patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine whether having a family history of bipolar disorder (BPD) or unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased likelihood of having migraine headaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino adults received structured diagnostic interviews. Family history was determined by live interview of first-degree relatives or interview by proxy. All patients met the criteria for major depressive episode (MDE) at the time of assessment. The method of diagnosing migraine had sensitivity and specificity of 87 and 50%, respectively. Logistic regression was used to test for associations and control for confounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 153 patients met the criteria for MDD and 87 for BPD. Patients with MDD who had a family history of BPD were 4.3 times more likely to have migraine headaches than those who did not (OR=4.34, z=3.02, p=0.003, 95% CI=1.67-11.27). Patients with BPD who had a family history of BPD were 3 times more likely to have migraine than those who did not (OR=2.99, z=2.45, p=0.014, 95% CI=1.25-7.19). Within the entire group of patients, those with a family history of BPD were 4.4 times more likely to have migraine headaches than those who did not (OR = 4.38, p<0.0001, z=4.72, 95% CI=2.37-8.09). A family history of MDD was not associated with an increased risk of having migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of a patient's polarity, having a family history of BPD is associated with an increased risk of having migraine headache.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Doctors Medical Group, Arcadia, Calif., USA. StevenDilsaver@aol.com
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dilsaver
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benazzi
authors.forename: Ketil J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Oedegaard
authors.forename: Ole B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Fasmer
authors.forename: Hagop S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index