title: Tolevamer is not efficacious in the neutralization of cytotoxin in a human gut model of Clostridium difficile infection.
abstract: The efficacy of tolevamer, a nonantimicrobial styrene derivative toxin-binding agent, in treating simulated Clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model was investigated. Tolevamer reduced neither the duration nor magnitude of cytotoxin activity by C. difficile, reflecting poor efficacy observed in recent phase III clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D011108:Polymers; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C077114:styrenesulfonic acid polymer