Clinical utility of serum beta-D-glucan and KL-6 levels in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
OBJECTIVE
New serum markers (1-->3) beta-D-glucan (beta-D-glucan) and KL-6 are reported to be useful for the clinical diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). However, the utility of these markers in PCP with HIV infection (HIV PCP) and without HIV (non-HIV PCP) is unknown. This study was aimed to evaluate the utility of beta-D-glucan and KL-6 for the diagnosis of PCP in patients with HIV infection (HIV PCP) and non-HIV PCP.


METHODS
Retrospective study.


METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of consecutive 35 patients. The serum levels of beta-D-glucan and KL-6 in HIV PCP and non-HIV PCP were comparatively evaluated. We evaluated these markers in survivors and non survivors.


RESULTS
The detection rates of serum beta-D-glucan and KL-6 levels in non-HIV PCP were lower than those in HIV PCP (88% vs. 100%, 66% vs. 88%, respectively). The false positive rates of these markers in both groups were similar (12%, 37%, respectively). Oxygenation index, serum albumin, and mechanical ventilation were the variables which were significantly associated with poor outcome in the univariate analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, beta-D-glucan was a reliable diagnostic marker for PCP. However, the detection rate of beta-D-glucan and KL-6 in non-HIV PCP was lower than in HIV PCP. Neither beta-D-glucan nor KL-6 was associated with the outcome of PCP.
Nakamura
Hideta
H
Department of Medicine and Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa. hnhideta@gmail.com
Tateyama
Masao
M
Tasato
Daisuke
D
Haranaga
Syusaku
S
Yara
Satomi
S
Higa
Futoshi
F
Ohtsuki
Yuji
Y
Fujita
Jiro
J
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; D018396:Mucin-1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D047071:beta-Glucans; C010770:polysaccharide-K