title: Aflatoxin and ochratoxin A contamination of retail foods and intake of these mycotoxins in Japan.
abstract: A survey was undertaken of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3) contamination of various retail foods in Japan during 2004-05. The mycotoxins were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in ten of 21 peanut butter and in 22 of 44 bitter chocolate samples; the highest level of AFB1, 2.59 microg kg(-1), was found in peanut butter. Aflatoxin contamination was not observed in corn products (n = 55), corn (n = 110), peanuts (n = 120), buckwheat flour (n = 23), dried buckwheat noodles (n = 59), rice (n = 83) or sesame oil (n = 20). OTA was detected in 120 out of 192 samples of oatmeal, wheat flour, rye, buckwheat flour, raw coffee, roasted coffee, raisin, beer, wine and bitter chocolate, but not in rice or corn products. OTA levels in the positive samples were below 13 microg kg(-1). AFs and OTA intakes through the consumption of foods containing cacao were estimated using the data for mycotoxin contamination in bitter chocolate and those for the consumption of foods containing cacao in Japan.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. askuma@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikuro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norizuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiike
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita-Konishi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D000367:Age Factors; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D002273:Carcinogens; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A