title: An emergency physician activated protocol, 'Code STEMI' reduces door-to-balloon time and length of stay of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  National consensus guidelines recommend that ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients achieve a door-to-balloon time of < 90 min. We sought to determine if emergency physician initiated simultaneous activation of the cardiac catheterisation laboratory team and the on-call interventional cardiologist has any impact on reducing door-to-balloon-times at our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 consecutive STEMI patients were evaluated from January 2007 to December 2007. The emergency physician activated Code STEMI required concurrent activation of cardiac catheterisation personnel and the on-call interventional cardiologist by the emergency physician. These patients were compared with our staff cardiologist activated primary angioplasty protocol from January 2006 to December 2006 for 51 consecutive STEMI patients. The primary outcome was to measure median door-to-balloon time between both groups. Secondary end-points included the individual components of door-to-balloon times (i.e. door-to-ECG time), peak troponin-I level within 24 h, length of stay and all-cause in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median door-to-balloon time decreased overall (112 vs. 74 min, p < 0.001). Of the three components of door-to-balloon time analysed, the ECG to cardiac catheterization laboratory time exhibited the largest area of improvement with 16 min absolute reduction in median door-to-balloon time. Median peak troponin levels (50 vs. 25 ng/ml, p < 0.001), and hospital length of stay (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.01) decreased. We did not see any statistically significant difference in all-cause in-hospital mortality (p = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency physician activation of the Code STEMI significantly reduces door-to-balloon time to within national standards of care, and length of stay in STEMI patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ 07501, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faillace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adinaro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruden
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: DeBari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bikkina
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome