title: Multidisciplinary management of life-threatening massive hemoptysis: a 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Life-threatening massive hemoptysis requires prompt action and thoracic surgical input. Although there are a number of reports regarding each therapeutic modality for medical or surgical treatment, the significance of a multidisciplinary strategy remains undetermined.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1995 to December 2005, 120 patients were referred to our cardiothoracic center with massive hemoptysis. We retrospectively reviewed and compared the outcomes of a recent 5-year period (2000 to 2005) with those from the previous 5 years (1995 to 1999), as we made major changes in our practice in 2000. We currently try to avoid surgery within 48 hours after onset of active hemoptysis and adopt bronchial artery embolization as a first-line therapy. Treatment decisions are made after discussions among intensive care unit physicians, thoracic surgeons, and interventional radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The former group had 49 patients (57.9 +/- 14.1 years old, 41 males), and the recent group, 71 (62.2 +/- 23.5 years old, 52 males). There were no significant differences for any characteristics studied between the groups. In analyses of short-term complications after surgery, the former had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than the recent group (15% versus 0%). Furthermore, postoperative complications were seen in 8 patients (30%) in the former, whereas those occurred in 3 patients (18%) in the recent group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchial artery embolization is an effective therapeutic tool and plays a pivotal role in management of life-threatening massive hemoptysis. Surgery is indicated when bronchial artery embolization is not suitable and can be safely performed in combination with a rigid bronchoscopy or bronchial artery embolization procedure. Our results indicate that a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted for management of life-threatening massive hemoptysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.forename: Innes Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Simon C H
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Randolph H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Michael K Y
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hsin
authors.forename: Hoi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Thung
authors.forename: Tak-Wai
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Anthony P C
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001981:Bronchial Arteries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult