title: Does luteal estradiol supplementation have a role in long agonist cycles?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the addition of 6 mg estradiol (E2) valerate either orally or vaginally to progesterone (P) for luteal support, can increase the probability of pregnancy in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using the long agonist protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective open-labeled randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private and university fertility centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing ICSI cycles, with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using long agonist protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  On embryo transfer day, participants were randomized to receive, only P (group A, n = 90), P along with 6 mg E(2) valerate either orally (group B, n = 90), or vaginally (group C, n = 90) for luteal support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical pregnancy was the main outcome. luteal serum E(2) and P profiles were the secondary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highest pregnancy rate was achieved in group C (45.56%), it was significantly higher than A (relative risk 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.24). Day 0 (hCG day) E2 levels were similar in the three groups. Group A had lower E2 levels on days 7, 10, and 13 and a higher magnitude of E2 decline on days 7 and 10. Similar levels of luteal E2 were documented in groups B and C. P levels were similar in the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of 6 mg E(2) valerate to P support may encumber the sharp decline in luteal E(2) level. It may enhance the probability of pregnancy if administered vaginally.
authors.affiliation: AlBanoon Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Elgindy
authors.forename: Dahlia O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: El-Haieg
authors.forename: Magdy I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafiek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol