title: Discovery of a novel quinoxalinhydrazide with a broad-spectrum anticancer activity.
abstract: Previously, we discovered a novel class of salicylhydrazide compounds with remarkable activity in hormone-dependent and -independent human cancer cells. We then designed and synthesized numerous analogues. Among these analogues, a quinoxalinhydrazide compound, SC144, exhibited desirable physicochemical and drug-like properties and therefore was selected for further preclinical investigation. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of SC144 in a range of drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines as well as its in vivo efficacy in MDA-MB-435 and HT29 mice xenograft models. The broad-spectrum cytotoxicity of SC144 is especially highlighted by its potency in ovarian cancer cells resistant to cisplatin, breast-cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin, and colon cancer cells resistant to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, its activity was independent of p53, HER-2, estrogen and androgen receptor expressions. We also examined the effect of SC144 on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in select cell lines. Considering its cytotoxicity profile in a variety of in vitro and in vivo cancer models as well as its effects on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, SC144 appears to represent a promising agent for further clinical development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plasencia
authors.forename: Fedora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Roppei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Nouri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neamati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D006834:Hydrazines; C544427:N'-(7-fluoroH-pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxalin-4-yl)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide; D011810:Quinoxalines; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System