title: [Is medicine an art or a science?--considerations in the light of Polish school of medicine philosophy and views of other European doctors from the beginning of 19th century till outbreak of the Second World War"].
abstract: This paper is devoted to the problem of real nature of medicine, as it was seen in Polish school of the philosophy of the medicine. Is medicine more (or only) science, or is it an art was the crucial point of discussion, which was held in European philosophy of the medicine for the first time in late 19th century. The important voice in it was given by Polish scientists such as Zygmunt Kramsztyk, Henryk Nusbaum, Władysław Biegański, Edmund Biernacki, Władyslaw Szumowski and Ludwik Zembrzuski. How they understood place and meaning of medicine in the realm of human activities, in which points they found the same grounds and in which they differed, should be seen as the main topic for this article.
authors.forename: Ryszard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gryglewski
mesh_terms: D001154:Art / Q000266:history; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005060:Europe; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006808:Humanism / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D010686:Philosophy, Medical / Q000266:history*; D011044:Poland; D012586:Science / Q000266:history