title: The relationship between slow coronary flow and angiotensin converting enzyme and ATIIR1 gene polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial dysfunction in coronary arteries is the main pathogenetic mechanism in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has important effects on endothelial function. However, angiographic studies investigating the relation between the ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATIIR1) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and SCF is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients with normal coronary arteries documented by coronary angiography with SCF in any coronary vessel, and 22 subjects with normal coronary arteries without SCF were included in this study. The ID (I/D), II, and DD genotypes were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of DD genotype was found higher in SCF group (50% vs. 27%, respectively; p = .055). Frequency of D allele was significantly higher in the SCF group (p < .05). Presence of DD genotypes increased the possibility of SCF 5.25 times compared to absence of DD genotype (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.30-21.38, p < .05). There was no significant correlation of ATIIR1 gene polymorphism between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that DD genotype is a risk factor for SCF. Determination of ACE gene polymorphism in patients with SCF may be helpful in medical management and risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. yalcin_arif@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmet Arif
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalay
authors.forename: Ahmet Okay
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayaalti
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozdogru
authors.forename: Mehmet Tugrul
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Inanc
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Emrullah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Basar
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguzhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000235:genetics*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A