Nitric oxide in dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: necessity or nuisance?
Advances in free radical research show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen oxide species, for example superoxide, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, play an important role in the pathogenesis of different viral infections, including dengue virus. The pathogenic mechanism of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is complicated and is not clearly understood. The hallmarks of the dengue disease, the antibody-dependent enhancement, the shift from T-helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2 cytokine response and the cytokine tsunami resulting in vascular leakage can now be explained much better with the knowledge gained about NO and peroxynitrite. This paper makes an effort to present a synthesis of the current opinions to explain the pathogenesis of DHF/shock syndrome with NO on centre stage.
Chaturvedi
Umesh C
UC
Department of Microbiology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India. ucc05@rediffmail.com
Nagar
Rachna
R
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
D016207:Cytokines; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide