title: An unusual cause of pulmonary hypertension and refractory edema.
abstract: Refractory edema is defined as peripheral edema that does not respond to dietary sodium restriction and combined diuretic treatment including a loop diuretic, often caused by an evident underlying cardiac or pulmonary condition. We present a case of refractory edema, which remained unexplained until a hidden intrarenal arteriovenous malformation was discovered.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sopeña
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gimena
authors.forename: M A Teresa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*