title: Guggulsterone induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in murine colorectal cancer xenografts.
abstract: The plant sterol guggulsterone has recently been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential. This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of guggulsterone and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms in colon cancer. Guggulsterone significantly increased apoptosis in HT-29 cells by activating caspases-3 and -8. Furthermore, guggulsterone decreased cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and Bcl-2 levels and increased the levels of truncated Bid, Fas, p-JNK, and p-c-Jun. The size of HT-29 xenograft tumors in guggulsterone-treated mice was significantly smaller than of the size of tumors in control mice. The present study suggests a potential therapeutic use for this compound in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.forename: Seung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Il
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; C491901:FAS protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D011282:Pregnenediones; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D019014:fas Receptor; C023617:pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione; C494832:BIRC3 protein, human; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9