title: Sacral nerve modulation and other treatments in patients with faecal incontinence after unsuccessful pelvic floor rehabilitation: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sacral nerve modulation (SNM) is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of faecal incontinence. This study investigates the results of SNM after negative outcome of a standardized pelvic floor rehabilitation (PFR) programme for the treatment of faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was performed between December 2001 and August 2007. Consecutive patients who visited the outpatient department for faecal incontinence were included in a multicentre study and treated with standardized PFR. Those with an unsuccessful result who were eligible for SNM were included in the present study. Failures at test stimulation or SNM received another treatment. Clinical outcome, Vaizey scores and Hirschsprung's disease/anorectal malformation quality-of-life (EQ-5D and HAQL) were assessed during follow-up in patients with SNM and in patients with other treatments (OT). Adverse events (AE) were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients (mean age 59.7 years; 31 females) were included. Twenty-one had a successful test stimulation and 19 patients proceeded to a SNM implant. Incontinence episodes per week decreased significantly from 11.1 +/- 11.7 to 1.9 +/- 2.6 during test stimulation (P < 0.0001) and SNM over 24.1 months follow-up. The overall success rate was 49% (17/35). The patients with unsuccessful test stimulation or SNM received OT. The Vaizey score improved in both SNM (18.2 +/- 3.5 vs 13.7 +/- 4.8; P = 0.004) and other treatment (18.2 +/- 3.5 vs 13.9 +/- 6.9; P = 0.019). The HAQL scale improved significantly during SNM in all subscales (P < 0.005), but not in the other treatment group. Eight AE occurred during test stimulation (23%) and six AE after permanent implantation (26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sacral nerve modulation improves disease specific quality of life significantly compared with other treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melenhorst
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uludağ
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutekom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: van Gemert
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation*; D017211:Treatment Failure