title: Expression of cortactin and survivin in renal cell carcinoma associated with tumor aggressiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that the expression of cortactin and survivin in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) correlates with more advanced stages of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis of cortactin and survivin expression (scored on a scale of 0-400) was performed in 124 renal cell carcinomas including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), papillary RCC (PRCC), CRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation (SRCC), chromophobe RCC (ChRCC), and CRCC with granular cell differentiation (GRCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher cortactin scores in CRCC were significantly correlated with higher T (p = 0.021) and N stages (p = 0.036), and nuclear grade (p = 0.012). Higher cortactin immunostaining scores were associated with higher mortality (p = 0.035). In addition, the survivin scores were significantly higher in the more aggressive GRCC and SRCC than in CRCC, suggesting a significant role of survivin expression in transformation of tumor cells to a more malignant phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher expression of cortactin and survivin significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological stage. Our findings support the potential targeting of survivin and cortactin for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and Taipei Medical University-Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Giueng-Chueng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Po-Shiuan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hsian-He
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Guang-Huan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.forename: Cheng-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jong-Shiaw
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051356:Cortactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051356:Cortactin; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D000077022:Survivin