title: Optimizing dietary restriction for genetic epistasis analysis and gene discovery in C. elegans.
abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) increases mammalian lifespan and decreases susceptibility to many age-related diseases. Lifespan extension due to DR is conserved across a wide range of species. Recent research has focused upon genetically tractable model organisms such as C. elegans to uncover the genetic mechanisms that regulate the response to DR, in the hope that this information will provide insight into the mammalian response and yield potential therapeutic targets. However, no consensus exists as to the best protocol to apply DR to C. elegans and potential key regulators of DR are protocol-specific. Here we define a DR method that better fulfills criteria required for an invertebrate DR protocol to mirror mammalian studies. The food intake that maximizes longevity varies for different genotypes and informative epistasis analysis with another intervention is only achievable at this 'optimal DR' level. Importantly therefore, the degree of restriction imposed using our method can easily be adjusted to determine the genotype-specific optimum DR level. We used this protocol to test two previously identified master regulators of DR in the worm. In contrast to previous reports, we find that DR can robustly extend the lifespan of worms lacking the AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit AAK2 or the histone deacetylase SIR-2.1, highlighting the importance of first optimizing DR to identify universal regulators of DR mediated longevity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Siler H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Panowski
authors.forename: Reuben J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dillin
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C510541:AAK-2 protein, C elegans; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C507014:SIR-2.1 protein, C elegans; D037761:Sirtuins