title: Effect of Jianpi Huoxue decoction-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and gene expression of endotoxin receptors in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Jianpi Huoxue decoction (JHD)-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and endotoxin receptor gene expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxicity of blank-control serum and JHD-containing serum at different concentrations were evaluated through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were divided into six groups: 5% blank-control serum group (C1, n=3), 5% blank-control serum plus LPS group (L1, n=4), 5% JHD-containing serum plus LPS group (J1, n=4), 10% blank-control serum group (C2, n=3), 10% blank-control serum plus LPS group (L2, n=4), and 10% JHD-containing serum plus LPS group (J2, n=4). After cultured with the corresponding serum for 1 h, cells in L1, L2, J1 and J2 were treated with LPS (0.1 microg/mL) for 12 h without rinse. The supernate, cells, protein and RNA were collected for assay. TNF-alpha in the culture supernate was assayed by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression of TNF-alpha in RAW cells was detected by Western-blot. TNF-alpha, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and CD14 mRNA expression in RAW cells were detected by real-time RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LDH assay supported that cultured for 24 h or less with the JHD-containing serum at the concentration of 10% or lower, RAW264.7 cells showed no cytotoxicity. After stimulation with LPS for 2 h, TNF-alpha in the culture supernate of the 5% blank-control serum plus LPS group (L1, P=0.03), 10% blank-control serum plus LPS group (L2, P=0.002) and in the cell layer (P=0.01) of these groups increased remarkably. After stimulation with LPS for 1 h, the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha (P=0.004), TLR (P=0.03), CD14 (P=0.004) was up-regulated obviously. In the 10% JHD-containing serum plus LPS group (J2), the protein expression of TNF-alpha in both supernate (P=0.04) and cell layer (P=0.04), gene expression of TNF-alpha (P=0.03), TLR4 (P=0.001), CD14 (P=0.001) were all inhibited. On the other hand, the TLR2 mRNA expression was not up-regulated after LPS stimulation in the 10% blank-control serum plus LPS group (L2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JHD-containing serum inhibited the LPS-induced cytokines expression in RAW264.7 which was probably associated with its inhibitory effect on the mRNA expression of LPS receptors TLR and CD14.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Jing-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yi-yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shao-dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Feng-hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D044967:Serum; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C528003:Jianpi Huoxue decoction; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495343:Tlr2 protein, rat; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C048071:endotoxin receptor