title: Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico-U.S. border cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paid plasma donation has contributed to HIV epidemics in many countries. Eleven million liters of plasma are fractionated annually in the U.S., mainly from paid donors. Deferral of high-risk donors such as injection drug users (IDUs) is required for paid donations. We studied circumstances surrounding paid plasma donation among IDUs in two Mexico-U.S. border cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2005, IDUs > or = 18 years old in Tijuana (N=222) and Cd. Juarez (N=206) who injected in the last month were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Subjects underwent antibody testing for HIV and HCV and an interviewer-administered survey including questions on donating and selling whole blood and plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 428 IDUs, HIV and HCV prevalence were 3% and 96%, respectively; 75 (17.5%) reported ever having donated/sold their blood or plasma, of whom 28 (37%) had sold their plasma for an average of $16 USD. The majority of IDUs selling plasma were residents of Ciudad Juarez (82%); 93% had sold their plasma only in the U.S. The last time they sold their plasma, 65% of IDUs had been asked if they injected drugs. Although the median time since last selling plasma was 13 years ago, 3 had done so within the prior 2 years, one within the prior 6 months; of these 3 IDUs, 2 were from Cd. Juarez, one from Tijuana; all 3 had only sold their plasma in the U.S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although selling plasma appears uncommon among IDUs in these two Mexican border cities, the majority sold plasma in the U.S. and only one-third were deferred as high-risk donors. Paying donors for plasma should be a matter of public inquiry to encourage strict compliance with regulations. Plasma clinics should defer donors not only on behavioral risks, but should specifically inspect for injection stigmata.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volkow
authors.forename: Kimberly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Oralia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loza
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Garfein
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magis-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Firestone-Cruz
authors.forename: Steffanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strathdee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000191:economics*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology