title: Temperature and base requirements for the alkaline hydrolysis of okadaite's esters.
abstract: Portuguese bivalves are recurrently contaminated with okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), found mainly in esterified forms. Throughout the years different conditions have been reported in the literature for releasing the parent toxins through an alkaline hydrolysis step, in order to simplify their detection by HPLC-FLD or LC-MS. In order to clearly understand toxin stability and reaction end-point the binominous temperature/time course and base concentration were studied using naturally contaminated bivalve samples. The results showed a strong temperature dependence of the reaction. At 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C the hydrolysis was fast, and 40min were sufficient for maximal recovery of OA and DTX2, while at 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C it was only complete after 100min and 60min, respectively. At room temperature the reaction was slow and incomplete even after 2h. Stability of OA and DTX2 in semi-purified bivalve matrix at 70 degrees C for 2h was demonstrated. Concentrations of sodium hydroxide lower than 2.5M, corresponding to a final incubation concentration of 0.23M, resulted in incomplete release of parent toxins, demonstrating that high concentrations are needed when taking into account the dilution in the supernatant extract.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos-IPIMAR (INRB/IPIMAR), Unidade de Ambiente e Biodiversidade, Lisboa, Portugal. susrodri@ipimar.pt
authors.forename: Susana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D004952:Esters; D008387:Marine Toxins; D011714:Pyrans; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C076221:dinophysistoxin 2