title: Restorative yoga for women with breast cancer: findings from a randomized pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Restorative yoga (RY) is a gentle type of yoga that may be beneficial for cancer patients and post-treatment survivors. Study goals were: to determine the feasibility of implementing a RY intervention for women with breast cancer; and to examine group differences in self-reported emotional, health-related quality of life, and symptom outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with breast cancer (n=44; mean age 55.8 years) enrolled in this study; 34% were actively undergoing cancer treatment. Study participants were randomized to the intervention (10 weekly 75-minute RY classes) or a waitlist control group. Participants completed questionnaires at Week 0 (baseline) and Week 10 (immediately post-intervention for the yoga group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group differences favoring the yoga group were seen for mental health, depression, positive affect, and spirituality (peace/meaning). Significant baseline*group interactions were observed for negative affect and emotional well-being. Women with higher negative affect and lower emotional well-being at baseline derived greater benefit from the yoga intervention compared to those with similar values at baseline in the control group. The yoga group demonstrated a significant within-group improvement in fatigue; no significant difference was noted for the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although limited by sample size, these pilot data suggest potential benefit of RY on emotional outcomes and fatigue in cancer patients. This study demonstrates that a RY intervention is feasible for women with breast cancer; implications for study design and implementation are noted with an emphasis on program adoption and participant adherence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1082, USA. danhauer@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Suzanne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Danhauer
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mihalko
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Cassie R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015013:Yoga