title: A new stable isotope approach identifies the fate of ozone in plant-soil systems.
abstract: * We show that the stable isotope (18)O can be used to trace ozone into different components of the plant-soil system at environmentally relevant concentrations. * We exposed plants and soils to (18)O-labelled ozone and used isotopic enrichment in plant dry matter, leaf water and leaf apoplast, as well as in soil dry matter and soil water, to identify sites of ozone-derived (18)O accumulation. * It was shown that isotopic accumulation rates in plants can be used to infer the location of primary ozone-reaction sites, and that those in bare soils are dependent on water content. However, the isotopic accumulation rates measured in leaf tissue were much lower than the modelled stomatal flux of ozone. * Our new approach has considerable potential to elucidate the fate and reactions of ozone within both plants and soils, at scales ranging from plant communities to cellular defence mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toet
authors.affiliation: Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Jens-Arne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Subke
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Haese
authors.affiliation: Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Mike R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ashmore
authors.affiliation: Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Emberson
authors.affiliation: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Crossman
authors.affiliation: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Evershed
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ineson
mesh_terms: D005651:Fumigation; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D029921:Trifolium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D010126:Ozone