title: Digits backward and the children's embedded figures test among school-age Spanish children.
abstract: This study examined whether performance on a single working-memory task (Digits Backward) was associated with scores on field-dependence-independence, as measured on the Children's Embedded Figures Test. Four different age groups of children were tested (N=144): 33 8-yr.-olds, 40 9-yr.-olds, 33 10-yr.-olds, and 38 11-yr.-olds. Children were classified into three groups (Field-dependent, Field-independent, and Intermediate) within each age range. Analyses of variance indicated performance on the Digits Backward was significantly higher for the children in the 11-yr.-old group than the youngest group (8-yr.-olds). Children in the Field-independent groups also had significantly higher scores than those in the Field-dependent or Intermediate groups. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. mariaadelina.guisande@usc.es
authors.forename: M Adelina
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guisande
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soledad Rodríguez
authors.forename: Leandro S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tinajero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernanda Páramo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult