title: Human coronary atherosclerosis modulates cardiac natriuretic peptide release.
abstract: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) modulate vasodilatation and vascular remodelling. In human coronary explants, expression of NPs mRNA and their respective receptors is significantly more pronounced with advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that vascular atherosclerosis modulates NP release in vivo during progressive stages of coronary atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NT-proANP (A) and NT-proBNP (B) were assessed on blood samples of 194 patients. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in all patients by angiography and in case of moderate stenosis by fractional flow reserve (FFR), a validated tool for detecting ischemia-inducing stenosis. Significant coronary stenosis was defined as a diameter stenosis (DS) >/=50% and/or positive FFR. Endothelial dysfunction was detected by cold pressure test (CPT) in a subgroup of 99 patients. Patients were divided into: (1) normal group (normal endothelial function, n=19); (2) endothelial dysfunction group (n=17); (3) moderate atherosclerotic group (at least one coronary stenosis <50%, n=86); (4) stenotic group (n=72). A and B were higher in patients with endothelial dysfunction (A: 2951 [1290-3920] fmol/ml; B: 156 [98-170] pg/ml), moderate atherosclerotic (A: 3868 [2250-5890] fmol/ml, p<0.05 vs. normal; B: 162 [84-283] pg/ml) and stenotic group (A: 3934 [2647-5525]; B: 227 [191-784] pg/ml; p<0.05 vs. normal) as compared with normal group (A: 2378 [970-2601] fmol/ml; B: 78 [40-136] pg/ml). During CPT, a mild NT-proANP increase was observed only in patients with endothelial dysfunction (Delta% vs. baseline: 17+/-6, p<0.05). NT-proBNP did not change after CPT in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well defined stages of atherosclerosis are characterized by progressive increases in NT-proANP and NT-proBNP levels, beginning with endothelial dysfunction and progressively more pronounced with moderate and severe coronary atherosclerosis irrespective of the underlying myocardial disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center OLV Aalst, Moorselbaan n. 164, Aalst, Belgium. emanuele.barbato@olvz-aalst.be
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbato
authors.forename: Speranza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubattu
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartunek
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berni
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarno
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanderheyden
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delrue
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zardi
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Bruyne
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wijns
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor