title: Genome-wide and candidate gene association study of cigarette smoking behaviors.
abstract: The contribution of common genetic variation to one or more established smoking behaviors was investigated in a joint analysis of two genome wide association studies (GWAS) performed as part of the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) project in 2,329 men from the Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovarian (PLCO) Trial, and 2,282 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We analyzed seven measures of smoking behavior, four continuous (cigarettes per day [CPD], age at initiation of smoking, duration of smoking, and pack years), and three binary (ever versus never smoking, < or = 10 versus > 10 cigarettes per day [CPDBI], and current versus former smoking). Association testing for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was conducted by study and adjusted for age, cohabitation/marital status, education, site, and principal components of population substructure. None of the SNPs achieved genome-wide significance (p<10(-7)) in any combined analysis pooling evidence for association across the two studies; we observed between two and seven SNPs with p<10(-5) for each of the seven measures. In the chr15q25.1 region spanning the nicotinic receptors CHRNA3 and CHRNA5, we identified multiple SNPs associated with CPD (p<10(-3)), including rs1051730, which has been associated with nicotine dependence, smoking intensity and lung cancer risk. In parallel, we selected 11,199 SNPs drawn from 359 a priori candidate genes and performed individual-gene and gene-group analyses. After adjusting for multiple tests conducted within each gene, we identified between two and five genes associated with each measure of smoking behavior. Besides CHRNA3 and CHRNA5, MAOA was associated with CPDBI (gene-level p<5.4x10(-5)), our analysis provides independent replication of the association between the chr15q25.1 region and smoking intensity and data for multiple other loci associated with smoking behavior that merit further follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. caporaso@nih.gov
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.forename: Fangyi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Nilanjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheng-Chih
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: Regina G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanock
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bergen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D014026:Nicotiana