title: Differential ligand binding to a human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor determines cell type-specific motility.
abstract: While most chemokine receptors fail to cross the chemokine class boundary with respect to the ligands that they bind, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded chemokine receptor US28 binds multiple CC-chemokines and the CX(3)C-chemokine Fractalkine. US28 binding to CC-chemokines is both necessary and sufficient to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration in response to HCMV infection. However, the function of Fractalkine binding to US28 is unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that Fractalkine binding to US28 not only induces migration of macrophages but also acts to inhibit RANTES-mediated SMC migration. Similarly, RANTES inhibits Fractalkine-mediated US28 migration in macrophages. While US28 binding of both RANTES and Fractalkine activate FAK and ERK-1/2, RANTES signals through Galpha12 and Fractalkine through Galphaq. These findings represent the first example of differential chemotactic signaling via a multiple chemokine family binding receptor that results in migration of two different cell types. Additionally, the demonstration that US28-mediated chemotaxis is both ligand-specific and cell type-specific has important implications in the role of US28 in HCMV pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vomaske
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Melnychuk
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Laurel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: DeFilippis
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Früh
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Schlaepfer
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Streblow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000378:metabolism; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D022502:Stress Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C411191:US28 receptor, Cytomegalovirus; D014764:Viral Proteins; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins