title: Polyurethane foam loaded with SDS for the adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous medium: Multivariate optimization of the loading process.
abstract: This paper reports the development of a new procedure for the adsorption of four cationic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green) from aqueous medium employing polyurethane foam (PUF) loaded with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as solid phase. PUF loading process was based on the stirring of 200mg PUF cylinders with acidic solutions containing SDS. The conditions for loading were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using a Doehlert design with three variables that were SDS and HCl concentrations and stirring time. Results obtained in the optimization process showed that the stirring time is not a relevant parameter in the PUF loading, evidencing that the transport of SDS from solution to PUF surface is fast. On the other hand, both SDS and HCl concentrations were important parameters causing significant variation in the efficiency of the resulting solid phase for the removal of dyes from solution. At optimized conditions, SDS and HCl concentrations were 4.0 x 10(-4) and 0.90 mol L(-1), respectively. The influence of stirring time was evaluated by univariate methodology. A 20 min stirring time was established in order to make the PUF loading process fast and robust without losing efficiency. The procedure was tested for the removal of the four cationic dyes from aqueous solutions and removal efficiencies always better than 90% were achieved for the two concentrations tested (2.0 x 10(-5) and 1.0 x 10(-4)mol L(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói/RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicolle F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Robaina
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cassella
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012235:Rhodamines; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; C005095:malachite green; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C028279:polyurethane foam; D005840:Gentian Violet; C029773:rhodamine B; D008751:Methylene Blue