title: Role of the superior colliculus in choosing mixed-strategy saccades.
abstract: Game theory outlines optimal response strategies during mixed-strategy competitions. The neural processes involved in choosing individual strategic actions, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether the superior colliculus (SC), a brain region critical for generating sensory-guided saccades, is also involved in choosing saccades under strategic conditions. Monkeys were free to choose either of two saccade targets as they competed against a computer opponent during the mixed-strategy game "matching pennies." The accuracy with which presaccadic SC activity predicted upcoming choice gradually increased in the time leading up to the saccade. Probing the SC with suprathreshold stimulation demonstrated that these evolving signals were functionally involved in preparing strategic saccades. Finally, subthreshold stimulation of the SC increased the likelihood that contralateral saccades were selected. Together, our results suggest that motor regions of the brain play an active role in choosing strategic actions rather than passively executing those prespecified by upstream executive regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Sensory-Motor Systems, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Dhushan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thevarajah
authors.forename: Areh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikulić
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dorris
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005716:Game Theory; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology