title: Development of spontaneous recurrent seizures after kainate-induced status epilepticus.
abstract: Acquired epilepsy (i.e., after an insult to the brain) is often considered to be a progressive disorder, and the nature of this hypothetical progression remains controversial. Antiepileptic drug treatment necessarily confounds analyses of progressive changes in human patients with acquired epilepsy. Here, we describe experiments testing the hypothesis that development of acquired epilepsy begins as a continuous process of increased seizure frequency (i.e., proportional to probability of a spontaneous seizure) that ultimately plateaus. Using nearly continuous surface cortical and bilateral hippocampal recordings with radiotelemetry and semiautomated seizure detection, the frequency of electrographically recorded seizures (both convulsive and nonconvulsive) was analyzed quantitatively for approximately 100 d after kainate-induced status epilepticus in adult rats. The frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures was not a step function of time (as implied by the "latent period"); rather, seizure frequency increased as a sigmoid function of time. The distribution of interseizure intervals was nonrandom, suggesting that seizure clusters (i.e., short interseizure intervals) obscured the early stages of progression, and may have contributed to the increase in seizure frequency. These data suggest that (1) the latent period is the first of many long interseizure intervals and a poor measure of the time frame of epileptogenesis, (2) epileptogenesis is a continuous process that extends much beyond the first spontaneous recurrent seizure, (3) uneven seizure clustering contributes to the variability in occurrence of epileptic seizures, and (4) the window for antiepileptogenic therapies aimed at suppressing acquired epilepsy probably extends well past the first clinical seizure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Damien J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swiercz
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.forename: F Edward
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Dudek
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013686:Telemetry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007608:Kainic Acid