title: Application of amniotic membrane as xenograft for urethroplasty in rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uroepithelium repair has always been the subject of discussion in urology surgeries. Using human amniotic membrane allograft has already proved to be useful in other fields. In this study, we use amniotic membrane to repair uroepithelium injuries in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy rabbits underwent surgery to induce a 10-mm incision, 10 mm from the meatus on ventral part of the urethra. Then a 5 x 10 mm patch of amniotic membrane was sutured to the incised urethra. All of the rabbits were catheterized for a week and then the patches were removed. The rabbits were studied for a month for any signs of infection and fistula formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All samples revealed complete re-epithelialization of reconstructed urethra by transitional epithelium. There was one case of infection and following fistula (5%). There were two cases of urethral strictures (10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result from this study suggests that amniotic membrane is an inexpensive, easy, and biodegradable graft with very little antigen effect which seems to be the ideal solution for urethroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakeri
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghpanah
authors.forename: Abdolaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khezri
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monabbati
authors.forename: Sezaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haghpanah
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malekmakan
authors.forename: Soroush
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayrempour
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006085:Graft Survival; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology