title: An evaluation of exogenous enzymes with amylolytic activity for dairy cows.
abstract: An experimental (7B) and a commercial (AMA) formulation of enzymes, both primarily with alpha-amylase activity, were evaluated for activity at various pH values, stability in ruminal fluid, the potential to improve in vitro ruminal fermentations, and the potential to improve production performance of lactating cows. When incubated (40 degrees C) in buffer with a pH between 5.4 and 6.0, 7B had about 10 to 25 times greater amylase activity than AMA, and enzyme activity in this range increased by 100% for 7B, whereas activity decreased by about 26% for AMA. Both formulations maintained enzyme activity when they were incubated in in vitro ruminal fermentations for 24 h. After 6 h of ruminal in vitro fermentation, additions of 7B resulted in linear increases in apparent total volatile fatty acid production for flint and dent corn but had no effect on floury corn. In a lactation trial, 28 Holstein cows (68 +/- 31 d in milk, 46.9 +/- 9.1 kg of milk/d) were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with nothing (CON), a low dose of 7B [7BL, 0.88 mL/kg of TMR dry matter (DM)], a high dose of 7B (7BH, 4.4 mL/kg of TMR DM), or AMA (0.4 g/kg of TMR DM). The experiment was conducted as a 4. 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Cows fed 7BL, 7BH, and AMA ate similar amounts of DM, and cows fed the latter 2 diets consumed more DM than did cows fed CON. Cows fed 7BL produced more milk than cows fed CON and 7BH, but produced similar amounts to cows fed AMA. The production of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was greater from cows fed 7BL and AMA compared with cows fed CON. The percentages of milk fat and milk protein were unaffected by treatment. Total-tract digestion of DM and organic matter were greater for cows fed 7BL compared with those fed CON. The addition of exogenous amylase enzymes to the diets of lactating dairy cows has the potential to improve animal productivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2150, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Klingerman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: McDonell
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: DerBedrosian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000516:alpha-Amylases