title: Electrogastrography during and after cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it has been generally believed that parturients have delayed gastric emptying during anesthesia, the most recent reports suggest that gastric emptying is not delayed during pregnancy except during labor. Electrical slow waves in the stomach determine the frequency and the peristaltic nature of gastric contractions. In this study we performed electrogastrography during and after elective cesarean section (CS) in an attempt to evaluate gastric motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II term parturients undergoing elective CS were enrolled. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was initiated with 10 mg of bupivacaine plus 10 microg of fentanyl. Four-channel electrogastrography was obtained for 10 min prior to venous catheter insertion (baseline), 10 min following spinal injection of bupivacaine and fentanyl (Sp-1), 10 to 20 min following spinal injection (Sp-2), 10 min prior to the end of operation (end), and finally 10 min on the seventh postoperative day (POD 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD values for dominant frequency of electrogastrography (DF) were determined as: 1.57 +/- 0.36 cpm (baseline), 1.81 +/- 0.32 cpm (Sp-1), 2.08 +/- 0.36 cpm (Sp-2), 1.96 +/- 0.36 cpm (end), and 3.02 +/- 0.28 cpm (POD 7). The DF of Sp-1, Sp-2, and end were significantly higher than that of baseline (P < 0.05). The DF of POD 7 was significantly higher than that of baseline, Sp-1, Sp-2, and end (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrogastrography analysis suggests that the frequency of gastric contractions during CS was less than that in the postpartum period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warabi
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004576:Electromyography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine