title: Evaluation of the agreement among three handheld blood glucose meters and a laboratory blood analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree of agreement between 3 commercially available point-of-care blood glucose meters and a laboratory analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
  
  
  METHODS
  20 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26-gauge needle and 3-mL syringe were used to obtain a blood sample (approx 0.5 mL) from a jugular vein of each parrot. Small volumes of blood (0.6 to 1.5 microL) were used to operate each of the blood glucose meters, and the remainder was placed into lithium heparin microtubes and centrifuged. Plasma was harvested and frozen at -30 degrees C. Within 5 days after collection, plasma samples were thawed and plasma glucose concentrations were measured by means of the laboratory analyzer. Agreement between pairs of blood glucose meters and between each blood glucose meter and the laboratory analyzer was evaluated by means of the Bland-Altman method, and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the results of the 3 blood glucose meters agreed with results of the laboratory analyzer. Each point-of-care blood glucose meter underestimated the blood glucose concentration, and the degree of negative bias was not consistent (meter A bias, -94.9 mg/dL [LOA, -148.0 to -41.7 mg/dL]; meter B bias, -52 mg/dL [LOA, -107.5 to 3.5 mg/dL]; and meter C bias, -78.9 mg/dL [LOA, -137.2 to -20.6 mg/dL]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of these results, use of handheld blood glucose meters in the diagnosis or treatment of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and other psittacines cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70810, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Acierno
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Tully
mesh_terms: D046708:Amazona / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose