title: Imaging of lung transplantation: review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE Lung transplantation is an established treatment for end-stage pulmonary disease. Complications of lung transplantation include airway stenosis and dehiscence, reimplantation response, acute rejection, infection, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The incidence of graft rejection and airway anastomosis experienced in the early years of lung transplantation have been significantly reduced by advances in immunosuppression and surgical techniques. Infection is currently the most common cause of mortality during the first 6 months after transplantation, whereas chronic rejection or obliterative bronchiolitis is the most common cause of mortality thereafter. This article reviews the radiologic findings of different surgical techniques as well as the common early and late complications of lung transplantation. CONCLUSION Radiology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of complications of lung transplantation. Advancements in surgical technique and medical therapy influence the spectrum of expected radiologic findings. Familiarity with the radiologic appearances of common surgical techniques and complications of lung transplantation is important.
authors.affiliation: CT Unit, Department of Clinical Radiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. yuenli_ng@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yuen Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Narinder
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Demetris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patsios
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walsham
authors.forename: Tae-Bong
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Shaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keshavjee
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weisbrod
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006872:Hydropneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000379:methods; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology