title: Role of lung-marginated monocytes in an in vivo mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruited leukocytes play an important role in ventilator-induced lung injury, although studies have focused predominantly on neutrophils. Inflammatory subset Gr-1(high) monocytes are recruited to sites of inflammation and have been implicated in acute lung injury induced by systemic endotoxin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the recruitment and role of Gr-1(high) monocytes in an in vivo mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized mice were ventilated with low or high stretch. Flow cytometry was used to quantify monocyte subset margination to the lungs, and to assess their in situ cellular activation in response to mechanical stretch. To investigate monocyte involvement in lung injury progression, a two-hit model was used, with a subclinical dose of lipopolysaccharide (intraperitoneal) given 2 hours prior to high-stretch ventilation. In some animals, monocytes were depleted using intravenous clodronate liposomes. Development of lung injury was assessed in ventilated animals by peak inspiratory pressure and respiratory system mechanics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-stretch ventilation induced significant pulmonary margination of Gr-1(high) but not Gr-1(low) monocytes compared with nonventilated mice. These monocytes displayed increased activation status, with higher CD11b (vs. nonventilated mice) and lower L-selectin expression (vs. low-stretch ventilation). Lipopolysaccharide challenge led to enhanced lung margination of Gr-1(high) monocytes and neutrophils, and sensitized the lungs to high stretch-induced pulmonary edema. Clodronate-liposome pretreatment depleted lung monocytes (but not neutrophils) and significantly attenuated lung injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-stretch mechanical ventilation promotes pulmonary margination of activated Gr-1(high) monocytes, which play a role in the progression of ventilator-induced lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Kieran P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: O'Dea
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008081:Liposomes; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology; D055397:Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C503133:Gr-1 protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008081:Liposomes; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D004002:Clodronic Acid