title: Evaluation of centrifugation technique and effect of epinephrine on fat cell viability in autologous fat injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Centrifugation helps refine autologous fat for use as an injectable filler, but the process can be injurious to fat cells. Epinephrine may be harmful to fat cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effects of different centrifugation levels and epinephrine dosages on fat cell viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous fat was obtained from 8 patients who underwent lipoplasty, and the fat samples were centrifuged for 1, 3, and 5 minutes at 1500, 3000, and 5000 revolutions per minute (RPM), respectively, with uncentrifuged fat used as a control. Fat was also obtained from 8 patients undergoing autologous fat injection who had received anesthesia in a mixture of Hartman solution and a 2% lidocaine solution. The samples were mixed with epinephrine at ratios of 1:100,000, 1:200,000, and 1:400,000; a sample without epinephrine served as a control. The samples were centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 3 minutes. Fat cell viability for both experiments was evaluated by the number of surviving cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell survival rates were significantly lower for the groups centrifuged at 1500 and 3000 RPM for more than 5 minutes and for the group centrifuged at 5000 RPM for more than 1 minute. There was no significant difference in survival rates among the samples mixed with different ratios of epinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Centrifugation with 3000 RPM for 3 minutes is recommended. The effect of epinephrine on fat cell viability is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Dug
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dong Gul
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Byung Chae
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002498:Centrifugation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D004837:Epinephrine