title: In vitro genotoxicity of root canal sealers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of leakage on differences in genotoxicity of root canal sealers ex vivo according to their main components using two different cytogenetic assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six materials of different composition (GuttaFlow, Epiphany, Diaket, IRM, SuperEBA and Hermetic) were tested on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay and chromosomal aberration analysis. Prepared materials were eluted in physiological solution for 1 h, 1 day, 5 and 30 days. Thereafter cultures were treated with 8 microg, 4 microg and 2 microg of each sealer. Frequencies of chromatide and chromosome breaks and accentric fragments were determined. Comet assay was used to evaluate primary DNA damage by measuring tail length and tail intensity. Chi-square, Fisher's PLSD (Protected Least Significant Difference) and Kruskall-Wallis non parametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1-h elution only the highest dose of Diaket, Hermetic and SuperEBA significantly (P = 0.035, P = 0.048, P = 0.037 respectively) affected the measured cytogenetic parameters. The migration ability of DNA was more strongly affected than induction of chromosomal aberrations. After elutions longer than 24 h none of the tested sealers exhibited a genotoxic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions used in the study all sealers had acceptable biocompatibility in terms of genotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brzovic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miletic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeljezic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mladinic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kasuba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anic
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002842:Chromatids / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020552:Comet Assay; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014343:Trypan Blue; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C515718:GuttaFlow; C510255:Hermetic; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D009153:Mutagens; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C486893:epiphany sealer; C014457:bismuth phosphate, copolymers of vinyl acetate, dichlorophen, propionyl-acetophenone, triethanolamine, vinyl chloride, vinylisobutyl ether, zinc oxide drug combination; C031667:IRM cement; C084074:Super EBA; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014343:Trypan Blue; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth