title: Neuromuscular and endocrine responses of elite players during an Australian rules football season.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine variations in neuromuscular and hormonal status and their relationship to performance throughout a season of elite Australian Rules Football (ARF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen elite ARF players performed a single jump (CMJ1) and 5 repeated countermovement jumps (CMJ5), and provided saliva samples for the analysis of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) before the season commenced (Pre) and during the 22-match season. Magnitudes of effects were reported with the effect size (ES) statistic. Correlations were performed to analyze relationships between assessment variables and match time, training load, and performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time was substantially reduced on 60% of measurement occasions. Magnitudes of change compared with Pre ranged from 1.0+/-7.4% (ES 0.04+/-0.29) to -17.1+/-21.8% (ES -0.77+/-0.81). Cortisol was substantially lower (up to -40+/-14.1%, ES of -2.17+/-0.56) than Pre in all but one comparison. Testosterone response was varied, whereas T:C increased substantially on 70% of occasions, with increases to 92.7+/-27.8% (ES 2.03+/-0.76). CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time (r=.24+/-0.13) and C displayed (r=-0.16+/-0.1) small correlations with performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response of CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time suggests periods of neuromuscular fatigue. Change in T:C indicates subjects were unlikely to have been in a catabolic state during the season. Increase in C compared with Pre had a small negative correlation with performance. Both CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time and C may be useful variables for monitoring responses to training and competition in elite ARF athletes.
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: Robert U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McGuigan
authors.forename: Prue
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cormie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone