title: Survivin expression as a predictive marker for local control in patients with high-risk T1 bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection and radiochemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of survivin in tumor samples from patients with high-risk T1 bladder cancer and to correlate its expression with clinicopathologic features as well as clinical outcomes after initial transurethral resection (TURBT) followed by radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survivin protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tumor specimen (n = 48) from the initial TURBT, and was correlated with clinical and histopathologic characteristics as well as with 5-year rates of local failure, tumor progression, and death from urothelial cancer after primary bladder sparring treatment with RT/RCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survivin was not expressed in normal bladder urothelium but was overexpressed in 67% of T1 tumors. No association between survivin expression and clinicopathologic factors (age, gender, grading, multifocality, associated carcinoma in situ) could be shown. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 3-140 months), elevated survivin expression was significantly associated with an increased probability of local failure after TURBT and RCT/RT (p = 0.003). There was also a clear trend toward a higher risk of tumor progression (p = 0.07) and lower disease-specific survival (p = 0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High survivin expression is a marker of tumor aggressiveness and may help to identify a subgroup of patients with T1 bladder cancer at a high risk for recurrence when treated with primary organ-sparing approaches such as TURBT and RCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Christian.Weiss@kgu.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: von Römer
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capalbo
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittlinger
authors.forename: Steffen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rödel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077022:Survivin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077022:Survivin