title: Time scales, difficulty/skill duality, and the dynamics of motor learning.
abstract: In this chapter we elaborate on the dynamical basis for the time scales of change in motor learning. It is known that in both oscillatory and growth/ decay processes the exponential characterizes the time scales of change. A few characteristic or even multiple time scales can arise from continually evolving landscape dynamics due to bifurcations between attractor organization and the transient dynamics toward and away from fixed points. These principles are applied to the determination of the laws of learning and the related duality between the difficulty of the task and the skill of the learner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, 267 Rec Hall, University Park, PA 16802, USA. kmn1@psu.edu
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: Yeou-Teh
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer-Kress
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors