title: The demography of nurses and patients on acute psychiatric wards in England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the ethnic and demographic composition of staff and patients on acute psychiatric wards in England.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A significant proportion of the UK population (7.6%) belong to an ethnic minority and there are concerns that ethnic minority patients are not well served by psychiatry, in particular that they are subject to excessive force and coercion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of a random sample of psychiatric wards in three regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted of staff (n = 1536) and patients (n = 11,128) on 136 acute admission psychiatric wards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethnic minority patients were more likely to be admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, younger, more likely to be admitted for a risk of harm to others and more likely to be legally detained. The association between ethnic minority status and detention remains, even when risk, age, gender and diagnosis are taken into account. Ethnic minority patients come from areas of greater social deprivation and fragmentation. Ethnic concordance between staff and patients varies, but the greatest difference is found in London where the proportion of minority staff is greater than the proportion of minority patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There continues to be evidence that ethnic minority patients are subject to an excessive amount of legal coercion in English mental health services. However, the proportion of staff belonging to an ethnic minority is greater than the proportion of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solutions to the problem of excessive use of legal coercion with ethnic minority patients need to be found. Changes of recruitment strategies are required if concordance is to be achieved.
authors.affiliation: St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London, UK. l.bowers@city.ac.uk
authors.forename: Len
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003710:Demography; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000451:nursing; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires