title: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced preimplantation bovine embryos following artificial exposure.
abstract: The objective was to determine the average amount of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos following recommended processing procedures for embryos. In vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos at 7d post-fertilization were exposed (for 2h) to 2 x 10(5-7) cell culture infective dose (CCID(50))/mL of SD-1 (a noncytopathic, Type 1a strain of BVDV), and then washed according to International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) guidelines prior to testing. Of the 87 in vivo-derived embryos tested, 27% were positive for virus by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The range in amount of virus associated with 99% of the contaminated embryos was <or=6.62+/-1.57 copies/5 microL; 90% of the contaminated embryos had <or=4.64+/-1.57 viral copies/5 microL of embryo-associated virus, using tolerance intervals (P<0.05). The SEM was 0.33 and the mean of averages was 1.12/5 microL. Of the 87 in vitro-produced embryos, 42% were positive for virus. The range in amount of virus associated with 99% of the contaminated embryos was <or=3.44+/-0.89 copies/5 microL; 90% of the contaminated embryos had <or=2.40+/-0.89 viral copies/5 microL of embryo-associated virus using tolerance intervals (P<0.05; S.E.M. was 0.14 and the mean of averages was 0.55/5 microL). Therefore, although many embryos were positive for virus, there were limited numbers of copies, thereby posing doubt regarding their potential for contamination following embryo transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. waldrja@vetmed.auburn.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Givens
authors.forename: M S D
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Marley
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Galik
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stringfellow
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edmondson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral