title: Cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors: a controlled comparison.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study was performed to determine whether neuropsychologic functioning differs in breast cancer survivors 6 months after the completion of adjuvant treatment compared with women without cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 187 women who were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I or stage II breast cancer and 187 age-matched and geographically matched women without cancer. Of the survivors, 97 had been treated after surgery with chemotherapy only or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and 90 had been treated after surgery with radiotherapy only (grading determined according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer grading system).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small but statistically significant differences in cognitive functioning and cognitive impairment were observed in those survivors who were treated with chemotherapy and their matched controls, as well as in survivors treated with radiotherapy only and their matched controls. No group differences were observed with regard to cognitive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from the current study suggest that cognitive deficits are subtle and likely the result of the general effects of cancer diagnosis and treatment rather than systemic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA. heather.jim@moffitt.org
authors.forename: Heather S L
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.forename: Kristine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Brent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Andrykowski
authors.forename: Pamela N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Munster
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*