title: Creation of dialysis vascular access with normal flow increases brain natriuretic peptide levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure is very common in hemodialyzed patients due to several factors such as intermittent volume overload, anemia, and hypertension. Dialysis access flow is usually considered to have a minor effect. We hypothesized that creation of dialysis access with "normal" flow would lead to elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which is a sensitive marker of heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included subjects with a newly created, well-functioning vascular access and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. They were examined before access creation (baseline), then again 6 weeks and 6 months after the surgery. Only subjects with access flow (Qa) < 1500 ml/min were included. Changes of BNP levels and their relation to access flow were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 35 subjects aged 60.6 +/- 13.5 years. Qa was 789 +/- 361 and 823 +/- 313 ml/min at 6 weeks and 6 months after the surgery, respectively. Within 6 weeks after access creation, BNP rose from 217 (294) to 267 (550) ng/l (median (quartile range)) with P = 0.003. Qa was significantly related to BNP levels 6 weeks after access creation (r = 0.37, P = 0.036). Six months after access creation, there was only a trend of BNP decrease (235 (308) ng/l, P = 0.44). Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and hemoglobin levels as well as patients' weight did not change significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creation of dialysis access with "normal" flow volume leads to significant increase of BNP, which is related to the value of access flow. The increase of BNP probably mirrors worsening of clinically silent heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. malik.jan@vfn.cz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malík
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tuka
authors.forename: Zdislava
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krupickova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chytilova
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holaj
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slavikova
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D016011:Normal Distribution; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain