title: Early-onset osteoarthritis of mouse temporomandibular joint induced by partial discectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to characterize mouse temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following partial discectomy, since there is no documentation of whether or not partial discectomy can induce early-onset osteoarthritis (OA) in mouse TMJ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial discs of TMJ in mice were removed by microsurgery. Histology was performed to characterize articular cartilages from the TMJ of mice. The morphology of the articular cartilages was evaluated using a modified Mankin scoring system. Immunohistostaining was carried out to examine the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (Ddr2), a type II collagen receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp-13), and Mmp-derived type II collagen fragments in the articular cartilage of condyles from the mouse TMJ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Articular cartilage degeneration was seen in the mouse TMJ post-discectomy, including increased proteoglycan staining in the extracellular matrix at 4 weeks, the appearance of chondrocyte clusters at 8 weeks, reduced proteoglycan staining and fibrillation at 12 weeks and the loss of articular cartilage at 16 weeks. Increased immunostaining for Ddr2, Mmp-13, and Mmp-derived type II collagen fragments was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that partial discectomy induces early-onset OA in mouse TMJ and that increased expression of Mmp-13, likely due to the elevated expression of Ddr2, may be one of the factors responsible for the early-onset OA in mouse TMJ.
authors.affiliation: The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA. lin_xu@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polur
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Servais
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobeck
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology