title: Neurocognitive effects of switching from methylphenidate-IR to OROS-methylphenidate in children with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated neurocognitive changes after switching from immediate release forms of methylphenidate (MPH-IR) to osmotic release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  102 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in an open label, 28 day trial, performing neurocognitive test at baseline and at 28 days after the switch from MPH-IR to OROS-MPH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in the commission error and the reaction time of both visual and auditory continuous performance tests (CPTs) at 28 days after switching from MPH-IR to OROS-MPH. A positive correlation was observed between the improvement in parent/caregiver-rated IOWA Conners total score (Delta IOWA) and the reduction in commission error (r = 0.3, p = 0.001) and reduction in reaction time variability (r = 0.3, p = 0.006) of visual CPT. In a linear regression model, the change in parent/caregiver-rated IOWA Conners scale total scores were significant predictors of change in commission error (beta = 0.3, p = 0.005, CI = 0.4-2.3, adjusted R(2) = 0.12) and RT variability (beta = 0.3, p = 0.004, CI = 0.5-2.4, adjusted R(2) = 0.09) of visual CPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that MPH-IR may be successfully switched to OROS-MPH treatment with associated improvements in neurocognitive performance. Large-scale controlled trials are needed to replicate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Sup
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Soo-Churl
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Boong-Nyun
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate