title: Pregnant patients suspected of having acute appendicitis: effect of MR imaging on negative laparotomy rate and appendiceal perforation rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the negative laparotomy rate (NLR) and the perforation rate (PR) in pregnant patients suspected of having acute appendicitis (AA) and to assess the need for computed tomography (CT) in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 148 consecutive pregnant patients (mean age, 29 years; age range, 15-42 years; mean gestational age, 20 weeks; gestational age range, 4-37 weeks) who were clinically suspected of having AA and examined with MR imaging between March 2002 and August 2007 were retrospectively analyzed in an institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant protocol. One hundred forty patients underwent ultrasonography (US) before MR imaging. The clinical and laboratory data and the findings of the initial US and MR image interpretations were recorded and analyzed at Student t and Fisher exact testing. The NLR and PR were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (10%) patients had AA, and perforation occurred in three (21%) of them. US results were positive for AA in five (36%) patients with proved AA. MR results were positive in all 14 patients with AA. MR results were negative in 125 of the 134 patients without AA; there were nine false-positive cases (two positive, seven inconclusive). Among the patients without AA, the normal appendix could be visualized on US images in less than 2% (two of 126) of cases and on MR images in 87% (116 of 134) of cases (P < .0001). Twenty-seven (18%) patients underwent surgical exploration, and eight of them had negative laparotomy results, yielding an NLR of 30% and a PR of 21% (three of 14 patients). Only four (3%) patients underwent CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For pregnant patients clinically suspected of having AA, use of MR imaging yields favorable combinations of NLR and PR compared with previously reported values. The radiation exposure associated with CT examination can be avoided in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ipedrosa@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafornara
authors.forename: Pari V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Pandharipande
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rofsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult