title: The consumption of bread enriched with betaglucan reduces LDL-cholesterol and improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that the water-soluble dietary fibre betaglucan, a natural component of oats, reduces cholesterol and postprandial hyperglycaemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of betaglucan-enriched bread consumption on the lipid profile and glucose homoeostasis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind study in which 46 patients with T2D and LDL-C greater than 3.37 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) were randomized to incorporate into their diet, for 3 weeks, either bread enriched with betaglucan (providing 3g/day of betaglucan) or white bread without betaglucan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consumption of bread containing betaglucan led to significant reductions (vs the control group) in LDL-C of 0.66 mmol/l (15.79%) versus 0.11 mmol/l (2.71%) (P=0.009), in total cholesterol of 0.80 mmol/l (12.80%) versus 0.12 mmol/l (1.88%) (P=0.006), in Fasting plasma insulin (FPI) of 3.23 microU/ml versus an increase of 3.77 microU/ml (P=0.03) and in Homa-IR (Homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) by 2.08 versus an increase of 1.33 (P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betaglucan enriched bread may contribute to the improvement of the lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with T2D.
authors.affiliation: First department of internal medicine, Athens university medical school and diabetes center, Laiko hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece. s.liatis@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liatis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsapogas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chala
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimosthenopoulos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyriakopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kapantais
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsilambros
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001939:Bread; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D047071:beta-Glucans; D002784:Cholesterol