title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of squamous cell anal cancer with para-aortic nodal involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rates of toxicity, locoregional control, distant control, and survival in anal cancer patients with para-aortic nodal involvement, treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2001 and 2007, 6 patients with squamous cell anal cancer and para-aortic nodal involvement were treated with IMRT and concurrent infusional 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The primary tumor was treated with a median dose of 57.5 Gy (range, 54-60 Gy), involved para-aortic, pelvic, and inguinal lymph nodes were treated with a median dose of 55 Gy (range, 50.5-55 Gy), and noninvolved nodal regions were treated with a median dose of 45 Gy (range, 43.5-45 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 25 months, none of the patients had a recurrence at the primary tumor, pelvic/inguinal nodes, or para-aortic nodes, whereas 2 patients developed distant metastases to the liver. Four of the 6 patients are alive. The 3-year actuarial locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival rates were 100%, 56%, and 63%, respectively. Four of the 6 patients developed Grade 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity during chemoradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy could potentially serve as definitive therapy in anal cancer patients with para-aortic nodal involvement. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be indicated in these patients, as demonstrated by the distant failure rates. These patients need to be followed carefully because of the potential for treatment-related toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Prajnan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Reish
authors.forename: A Sam
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Beddar
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Delclos
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents