title: Influence of calcium chloride on the cardio-respiratory effects of a bolus of enoximone in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) on the cardio-respiratory effects of enoximone in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective consecutive experimental trial. Animals Six healthy ponies, weighing 287 +/- 55 kg were included in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After sedation (romifidine, 80 microg kg(-1)), anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1)) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The ponies' lungs were ventilated to maintain normocapnia. After 90 minutes, a bolus of enoximone (0.5 mg kg(-1)) was administered, followed by a CaCl(2) infusion (0.5 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) over 10 minutes) (treatment EC). Sodium, potassium, ionized and total calcium concentrations, cardiovascular variables and blood-gases were measured in the 120 minutes after treatment. Using a mixed model anova, the results were compared to those of a previous report [Vet Anaesth Analg, 34 (2007) 416], evaluating the effects of 0.5 mg kg(-1) enoximone in the same ponies and under identical circumstances (treatment E). Both an overall comparison and comparisons at specific time points after treatment were performed (alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although ionized and total calcium concentrations were higher during treatment EC, the cardio-respiratory effects of enoximone were comparable for both treatments. A small but significant difference in packed cell volume was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium chloride did not enhance the effects of enoximone in normocalcaemic anaesthetized ponies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium. stijn.schauvliege@ugent.be
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schauvliege
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van den Eede
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pille
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlaminck
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasthuys
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017335:Enoximone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007530:Isoflurane; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D012964:Sodium; D017335:Enoximone; D007530:Isoflurane; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D011188:Potassium; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium