title: Differential gene expression profiling of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by laser capture microdissection and complementary DNA microarrays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic alteration associated with initiation and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify genetic changes associated with the disease pathogenesis and pinpoint genes whose expression is impacted by these genetic alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor cells were collected from eight matched pairs of specimens of glottic carcinoma of the larynx and histologically normal epithelium tissues adjacent to the carcinoma by laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNAs prepared from these cells were used for genome-wide transcriptome analysis by probing 16 cDNA microarrays. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays were used to validate a group of the differentially expressed genes identified by the cDNA microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical cluster analysis of the expressed genes showed that 2351 genes were differentially expressed and could distinguish cancerous and noncancerous samples. We also found 761 differentially expressed genes that were consistently different between early stage and later stage specimens. Furthermore, abnormal expression of some relevant genes such as MMP12, HMGA2, and TIMP4 were validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of gene ontology and pathway distributions then highlighted genes that may be critically important to laryngeal carcinogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that using LCM plus DNA microarray analysis may facilitate the identification of clinical molecular markers for disease and novel potential therapeutic targets for LSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong-Hai
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yong-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D042282:Microdissection; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4; C507122:MMP12 protein, human