title: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a study comparing diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The previous studies of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) have not focused on the impacts of diabetes mellitus. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the difference between EPTB patients with and without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EPTB patients receiving initial treatments from Taipei Medical University Hospital between January 2003 and March 2008 were recruited. They were divided into with-diabetes (WD) group or non-diabetes (ND) group according to coexistence of diabetes mellitus or not, respectively. All characteristics of these two groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients were enrolled into our study. Fifteen patients and 60 patients were recruited into WD and ND groups, respectively. The basic characteristics and tuberculosis sites of the two groups were compared. The prevalence of hypertension (66.7% vs. 38.3%, p=0.048) and chronic liver diseases (33.3% vs. 3.3%, p=0.003) in WD group were higher than in ND group. The incidence of tuberculous peritonitis in WD group was higher than in ND group (26.7% vs. 6.7%, p=0.046). The odds ratio of tuberculous peritonitis for WD group was 5 091 (95% CI 1.103-23.493, p=0.037). The random glucose level (10.9+/-5.8 vs. 6.8+/-1.6 mmol/L, p=0.025), the fasting glucose level (8.6+/-4.4 vs. 5.6+/-0.9 mmol/L, p=0.038), and the hemoglobin A1c level (7.4+/-1.1 vs. 5.6+/-0.4%, p=0.037) were higher in WD group than in ND group. The total bilirubin level was higher in WD group than in ND group (18.4+/-6.2 vs. 13+/-7.2 micromol/L, p=0.042). Presenting symptoms and other laboratory data were not different statistically between these two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study about the impacts of diabetes on EPTB. The prevalence of hypertension and chronic liver diseases, the incidence of tuberculous peritonitis, and the total bilirubin level were higher in EPTB patients with diabetes than those without diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. sfweng@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lirn
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014395:Peritonitis, Tuberculous / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human