title: Identification of sequence changes responsible for the attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain Arkansas DPI.
abstract: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causal agent of infectious bronchitis, which still remains one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide because of numerous serotypes and variants. A virulent strain of IBV, isolated from Arkansas (Ark), was propagated in embryonated eggs (Ark DPI 11). Following 101 serial passages in embryonated eggs, an attenuated strain of IBV was established (Ark DPI 101) that does not induce histopathological lesions in the tracheae of infected chicks. To identify sequence changes responsible for the attenuation of IBV, complete genome sequences of both virulent and attenuated Ark DPI viruses were obtained. Comparison of the genome sequences of the virulent and attenuated Ark DPI viruses reveals that these viruses are similar and differ only by 21 nucleotides, resulting in 17 amino acids changes. Most of those substitutions are located in the replicase 1a and spike genes. No differences were observed in gene 3, M or 5a, and only one nucleotide substitution each was present in 5b, N and 3'UTR. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of virulent and attenuated viruses, we identified sequence changes responsible for the adaptation and attenuation of the IBV-Ark DPI strain.
authors.affiliation: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202-3101, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammayappan
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: Vikram N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Vakharia
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins