title: Acute microinstillation inhalation exposure to soman  induces changes in respiratory dynamics and functions in  guinea pigs.
abstract: We investigated the toxic effects of the chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) soman (GD) on the respiratory dynamics of guinea pigs following microinstillation inhalation exposure. Male Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to 841 mg/m3 of GD or saline for 4 min. At 24 and 48 h post GD exposure, respiratory dynamics and functions were monitored for 75 min after 1 h of stabilization in a barometric whole-body plethysmograph. GD-exposed animals showed a significant increase in respiratory frequency (RF) at 24 h postexposure compared to saline controls.The 24-h tidal volume (TV) increased in GD-exposed animals during the last 45 min of the 75-min monitoring period in the barometric whole-body plethysmograph. Minute ventilation also increased significantly at 24 h post GD exposure. The peak inspiratory flow (PIF) increased, whereas peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased at 24 h and was erratic following GD exposure. Animals exposed to GD showed a significant decrease in expiratory(Te) and inspiratory time (Ti). Although end inspiratory pause (EIP) and end expiratory pause (EEP) were both decreased 24 h post GD exposure, EEP was more evident. Pause (P) decreased equally during the 75-min recording in GD-exposed animals, whereas the pseudo lung resistance (Penh) decreased initially during the monitoring period but was near control levels at the end of the 75-min period. The 48-h respiratory dynamics and function parameter were lower than 24 post GD exposures. These results indicate that inhalation exposure to soman in guinea pigs alters respiratory dynamics and function at 24 and 48 h postexposure
authors.affiliation: Medical Toxicology/Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Edgewood, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Katos
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Theodore S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Alfred M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sciuto
authors.forename: Bhupendra P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Doctor
authors.forename: Madhusoodana P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nambiar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012999:Soman / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012999:Soman