title: [Hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents with diabetes type 1].
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension and circadian blood pressure rhythm disturbances with the analysis of chosen cardio-vascular risk factors in children and adolescents with diabetes type 1 (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 100 type 1 diabetic children (51 girls) with the mean age 15.4+/-2.58 years and mean diabetes duration 7.02+/-2.93 years. All subjects had an ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) as well as HbA1c, blood lipids and microalbuminuria assessment performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  30 (30%) patients during the day period and 26 (26%) during the night period had their mean systolic BP (SBP) elevated beyond the 95-th percentile (for sex, age and height) in more than 40% of measurements. Corresponding diastolic BP (DBP) elevation occurred during the day in 3 (3%) and during the night in 2 (2%) patients. Prehypertension was revealed in 39 (39%) patients. Lack of physiological BP decrease during the night (Non-dipper) appeared in 48 (48%) subjects. A negative correlation between HDL and mean 24-hour SBP (r=-0.412, p<0.05) as well as mean night SBP (r=-0.520, p<0.01) in the group with hypertension was found. There was also a positive correlation between triglycerides (TG) level and mean 24-hour DBP (r=0.443, p<0.05) as well as mean night SBP (r=0.467, p<0.05) in the same group. The hypertension group presented with significantly lower mean HbA1c than the subjects without elevated BP (8.42+/-2.09% vs. 7.16+/-1.06%, p<0.05). Subjects with blunted 24-hour blood pressure variation (Non-dippers) had significantly higher BMI (p<0.05) and TG concentrations (p<0.05) and significantly lower HDL (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both hypertension and prehypertension are common disorders in young patients with T1DM. Lack of physiological BP decrease during the night seems to be connected with higher BMI and triglycerides and with lower HDL cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Oddział Pediatrii, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii Dzieciecej Górnoślaskiego Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka w Katowicach. lukaszmachnica@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machnica
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.forename: Przemysława
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarosz-Chobot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides