title: Middle cerebral artery vasospasm: transcranial color-coded duplex sonography versus conventional nonimaging transcranial Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare accuracies of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) and transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in the diagnosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasospasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective blinded head-to-head comparison TCD and TCCS methods using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Radiology in a tertiary university health center in a metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one consecutive patients (mean age, 53.9 +/- 13.9 years; 48 women). The indication for DSA was subarachnoid hemorrhage in 71 patients (87.6%), stroke or transient ischemic attack in five patients (6.2%), and other reasons in five patients (6.2%).
  
  
  METHODS
  The MCA was graded as normal, narrowed <50%, and >50% using DSA. The accuracy of ultrasound methods was estimated by total area (Az) under receiver operator characteristic curve. To compare sensitivities of ultrasound methods, McNemar's test was used with mean velocity thresholds of 120 cm/sec for the detection of less advanced, and 200 cm/sec for the more advanced MCA narrowing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiographic MCA narrowing <or=50% was found in 21, and >50% in 10 of 135 arteries. Accuracy of TCCS was insignificantly higher than that of TCD in the detection of <or=50% and >50% narrowing, total Az for mean velocity being 0.83 +/- 0.05, 0.77 +/- 0.05, and 0.95 +/- 0.02, 0.86 +/- 0.08, respectively. Sensitivity of TCCS at commonly used threshold of 120 cm/sec for less advanced MCA spasm was significantly better than that of TCD at similar specificity, 55% vs. 39%, p = 0.038, whereas at a threshold of 200 cm/sec used for more advanced spasm, sensitivities and specificities of both methods were not different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of TCCS and TCD is similar, but TCCS is more sensitive than TCD in the detection of MCA spasm. Sensitivity of both techniques in the detection of mild and more advanced spasm using 120 cm/sec and 200 cm/sec thresholds, respectively, is poor; however, a larger sample is required to increase precision of our sensitivity estimates.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swiat
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weigele
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kasner
authors.forename: Mikolaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arkuszewski
authors.forename: Riyadh N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Al-Okaili
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swiercz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ustymowicz
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opala
authors.forename: Elias R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krejza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult