title: Elevated estradiol plasma levels in women with restless legs during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnant women have an increased risk of experiencing restless legs syndrome (RLS). Aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between pregnancy-related hormonal and metabolic changes and RLS symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood measurements and overnight polysomnography were performed during the third trimester of pregnancy and again 3 months after delivery. We investigated blood hormonal levels (estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], iron, ferritin, hemoglobin) and polysomnographic sleep parameters. Subjective sleep quality and RLS symptoms were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the International RLS study group (IRLSSG) rating scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pregnant women fulfilling the IRLSSG criteria for RLS diagnosis and 9 pregnant healthy controls underwent the protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with RLS showed higher levels of estradiol during pregnancy compared to controls (34,211 +/- 6397 pg/mL vs. 25,475 +/- 7990 pg/mL, P<0.05). Patients also showed more periodic limb movements (PLMs) before and after delivery, particularly during sleep stage 1 and wakefulness (P<0.05). PLMs decreased postpartum in subjects with RLS only (P<0.05); sleep efficiency increased in women without RLS and remained unchanged in patients (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between groups before or after delivery in plasma concentrations of prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, FSH, LH, iron, ferritin or hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLS in pregnant women goes along with transiently increased estradiol levels and PLM indices suggesting that estrogens play a pathophysiological role for triggering RLS symptoms during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzaja
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wehrle
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lancel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pollmächer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone