title: Factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in Rakai, Uganda.
abstract: Little is known about risk factors for incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among men in Africa. In a trial in Rakai, Uganda, 6396 men aged 15-49 years were evaluated for serological evidence of HSV-2, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis infections at enrollment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. The prevalence of HSV-2 infection was 33.76%, and the incidence was 4.90 cases per 100 person-years. HSV-2 incidence increased with alcohol use with sexual intercourse (adjusted incidence rate ratio [adjIRR], 1.92 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.46-2.53]), decreased with consistent condom use (adjIRR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.36-0.89]) and male circumcision (adjIRR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.91]), and was not significantly affected by enrollment HIV status. Education on modifiable behavioral changes may reduce the acquisition of HSV-2. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00425984 and NCT00124878 .).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, USA. atobian1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Aaron A R
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tobian
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charvat
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ssempijja
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kigozi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serwadda
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Makumbi
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iga
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laeyendecker
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riedesel
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Michael Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D017280:Condoms; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D015498:HIV-2; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult