title: Breathhold time-resolved three-directional MR velocity mapping of aortic flow in patients after aortic valve-sparing surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of breathhold time-resolved three-directional MR velocity mapping for quantifying the restoration of normal flow patterns in patients after aortic valve-sparing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breathhold time-resolved three-directional MR velocity mapping was performed on 13 patients with aortic valve-sparing surgery. Ten healthy volunteers and 12 patients with ascending aortic aneurysm underwent the same MR examination for comparison. Aortic laminar flow, turbulent flow, and the presence of vortical flow in the sinuses of Valsalva were semiquantitatively assessed and statistically compared between the three groups of subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average score of laminar flow in the ascending aorta for patients with surgery was not significantly different from that of volunteers (P=0.210), but was significantly greater than that of patients with aneurysm (P<0.01). The average score of turbulent flow in patients with surgery was significantly smaller than that of patients with aneurysm (P<0.01). The presence of systolic vortical flow in the sinuses of Valsalva for patients with surgery was not significantly different from that of healthy volunteers (P=0.405) and patients with aneurysm (P=0.238).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breathhold time-resolved three-directional MR velocity mapping allows for quantifying flow patterns in the aortic root and ascending aorta. Normal laminar flow in the ascending aorta and vortical flow in the sinuses of Valsalva can be restored in patients after aortic valve-sparing surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weale
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dill
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA