title: Biodiesel surrogates: achieving performance demands.
abstract: Synthesis of surrogate molecules is particularly useful for generating in sight of structural-activity relationships, understanding processes and improving the performance. In order to improve upon the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl esters of beta-branched fatty acid have been synthesized, initiating from beta-branched alcohols. Beta-branched alcohols upon oxidation gave corresponding acids, which were converted to their esters. The synthesized esters have substantially better oxidative stability, exhibited by Rancimat oxidation induction period of more than 24 h. The cloud point of synthesized esters is < -36 degrees C, pour point is < -42 degrees C and CFPP is < -21 degrees C, which is substantially better than fatty acid methyl esters. Besides achieving the objective of better oxidative stability and improved low temperature properties, the synthesized surrogate esters have viscosity in the range of 4.2-4.6 cSt at 40 degrees C, meeting the international diesel and biodiesel standards. The cetane number of synthesized esters is 62-69, which is much better than diesel and biodiesel. The blends of the synthesized esters in diesel at 5% and 10% meet Indian standards of diesel.
authors.affiliation: Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Faridabad 121 007, India. sarinr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Bhawana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Srivastav
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005742:Gasoline; D008956:Models, Chemical
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D005742:Gasoline