title: Comparison of operational criteria for treatment outcome in gambiense human African trypanosomiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple and standard operational decision tool for the diagnosis of relapse after treatment for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), by evaluating the performance of several criteria currently used by HAT control programs and research projects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 10 different criteria for relapse, based on trypanosome presence and/or white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid, and compared their specificity, sensitivity and time to diagnosis on a data set containing 63 relapsed and 247 cured T.b. gambiense patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At any time point, the criterion 'Trypanosomes present and/or a cerebrospinal white blood cell count > or =50/microl' allowed accurate and timely detection of HAT relapse, irrespective of disease stage. This criterion was 13-25% more sensitive (P < or = 0.013) than trypanosome detection alone and was >97% specific. Lumbar punctures at the end of treatment and at 3-month post-treatment provided limited clinical information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adequate detection of relapse was possible with a simple criterion but these findings should be validated in a prospective study before adoption in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Avenue de la Démocratie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mumba Ngoyi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lejon
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: N'Siesi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boelaert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Büscher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014347:Trypanosoma brucei gambiense / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014344:Trypanocidal Agents