title: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ivabradine in patients with acute coronary syndrome: effects of the If current inhibitor ivabradine on reduction of inflammation markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome--RIVIERA trial study design and rationale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) represent independent risk factors for further cardiovascular events. In an atherosclerosis model, selective heart rate (HR) reduction with ivabradine has been shown to decrease markers of vascular oxidative stress, to improve endothelial function, and to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation. We hypothesized that the addition of ivabradine to standard medical therapy has a beneficial effect on markers of inflammatory stress in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  RIVIERA is a unicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1,270 patients of either gender admitted to hospital with non ST elevation ACS. The primary study aim is to evaluate the effects of ivabradine therapy, initiated at the time of hospital admission, on hs-CRP levels. There is also a combined secondary endpoint i.e. to assess the effects of ivabradine on the occurrence of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, recurrent symptomatic ischemia, urgent revascularization, and cardiac arrest at 30-days and 1-year follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that ivabradine therapy, when started immediately after hospital admission for ACS, will result in the reduction of hs-CRP levels and the improvement of cardiovascular outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. adrvdg@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Sima Samimi
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fard
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abreu-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bosa-Ojeda
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Consuegra-Sanchez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Sosa
authors.forename: Alejandro Sánchez
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kaski
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077550:Ivabradine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D015415:Biomarkers; D007473:Ion Channels; D000077550:Ivabradine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein