title: A comparison of Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging, and strain rate imaging in the assessment of postexercise left ventricular function.
abstract: Left ventricular (LV) function is characterized by contraction in the longitudinal, radial, and circumferential planes. Previous studies of postexercise changes in LV function have assessed global indices of LV function. The purpose of this study was to use 2-dimensional (2D) strain analysis to examine LV function following marathon running in the circumferential, radial, and longitudinal planes, and to compare these data with other global and regional indices of function. Fifteen (mean +/- SD: age, 32 +/- 7 years; stature, 1.76 +/- 0.08 m; body mass, 77.8 +/- 8.2 kg) competitors in the London Marathon were echocardiographically assessed pre- and postrace. 2D strain (ejection fraction (EF), Doppler (early (E) and late (A) trans-mitral filling), tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) (systolic (S') and early diastolic (E') wall-motion velocities); TDI-derived longitudinal strain (epsilon(TDI)), and systolic and diastolic strain rate (SR(TDI)); and 2D-derived peak circumferential, radial, and longitudinal strain (epsilon(2D)), and systolic and diastolic strain rate (SR(2D)) were examined. Differences pre- and postrace completion were assessed using paired tau tests, with alpha set at 0.01. All participants completed the marathon in a mean time of 213 +/- 41 min. A varied response was observed for measures of LV systolic and diastolic function following completion of the marathon (mean +/- SD): EF, 63 +/- 6 vs. 63 +/- 7% (p > 0.01); E:A, 1.70 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.17 +/- 0.37; E':A', 2.36 +/- 0.79 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.57 (p < 0.01); mean longitudinal epsilon(TDI), 19.1 +/- 5.1 vs. 17.5 +/- 4.2% (p < 0.01); mean longitudinal diastolic SR(TDI), 1.81 +/- 0.54 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.51 x s(-1) (p < 0.01); mean longitudinal systolic SR(2D), 0.73 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.97 +/- 0.22 x s(-1) (p < 0.01); mean longitudinal diastolic SR(2D), 0.94 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.23 x s(-1) (p > 0.01); mean radial systolic SR(2D), 1.20 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.32 x s(-1) (p < 0.01); mean radial diastolic SR(2D), 1.19 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.41 x s(-1) (p > 0.01); mean circumferential systolic SR(2D), -1.09 +/- 0.16 vs. -1.24 +/- 0.18 x s(-1) (p < 0.01); and mean circumferential diastolic SR(2D), -1.27 +/- 0.28 vs. -1.22 +/- 0.31 x s(-1) (p > 0.01). Marathon running promotes a varied echocardiographic response, with some functional parameters showing no change, some increasing, and some decreasing postexercise. This varied response likely reflects the complexities of cardiac function and highlights the need to adopt a multimodality approach when assessing cardiac function following exercise.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB83PH, UK. rob.shave@brunel.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shave
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Artis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oxborough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012420:Running; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left