title: Management of cranial deformity following ventricular shunting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventricular shunt-induced craniosynostosis is a widely recognised cause of secondary craniosynostosis. We reviewed the management and long-term outcome of the cases of cranial deformity post cerebrospinal fluid shunting in our unit and compared these with previously published series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Australian Craniofacial Unit and Department of Neurosurgery database was searched to identify cases of ventricular shunt-induced cranial deformity and a case note review was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases were identified, and all were shunted within 6 months of birth. Our patients required shunting with a low pressure valve for hydrocephalus secondary to either aqueduct stenosis or intraventricular haemorrhage. The diagnosis was made following computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional surface reconstruction of the skull. Two cases of confirmed suture fusion were treated with cranial vault remodelling and programmable shunt insertion. In six cases, the sutures were not completely fused on the CT images despite a scaphocephalic head shape. These patients were managed conservatively with close monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cranial vault remodelling together with insertion of programmable shunt valve is indicated in CT confirmed cases of secondary craniosynostosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia. xdoorenbosch@gmail.com
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Doorenbosch
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santoreneos
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome