title: Complement component 3 (C3) haplotypes and risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in complement component 3 (C3) alter the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This was a study of the effect of haplotypes across C3 on AMD risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine SNPs tagging haplotypes across C3 were genotyped on 738 subjects at the Mayo Clinic. Haplotype analyses were performed with and without conditioning on individual SNPs. Replication studies were performed using 1541 subjects from the age-related eye disease study (AREDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two nsSNPs located 5125 bp apart in the 5' end of C3 showed the highest association (rs1047286 or P314L, P = 9.2E-05; rs2230199 or R102G, P = 4.1E-05) with AMD. The minor alleles of both SNPs tagged a single risk haplotype. The effects of the two nsSNPs could not be distinguished due to high linkage disequilibrium. The risk SNPs preferentially promoted the development of advanced AMD relative to early AMD in both the Mayo and AREDS subjects. Haplotypes in the 3' end of the C3 locus were associated with AMD in both the Mayo and AREDS subjects. The effect persisted after conditioning on the nsSNPs only in the Mayo subjects. No interaction was found between rs2230199 and smoking or other AMD loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  nsSNPs in C3 increased the risk of developing AMD 1.8-fold for 1 risk allele or 2.4-fold for two risk alleles and were preferentially associated with advanced AMD. Further study is needed to determine whether haplotypes in the 3' end of C3 have an independent association with AMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Kyu Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Brooke L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fridley
authors.forename: Euijung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Nirubol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tosakulwong
authors.forename: Albert O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3