title: Long-term effects of giving nursing home residents bread fortified with 125 microg (5000 IU) vitamin D(3) per daily serving.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In older adults, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration >75 nmol/L lowers the risk of fracture. An oral intake of 125 microg (5000 IU) vitamin D(3)/d may be required to achieve this target.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to characterize the safety and efficacy of fortifying bread with a biologically meaningful amount of vitamin D(3).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-arm design, 45 nursing home residents consumed one bun daily that had been fortified with 125 microg (5000 IU) vitamin D(3) and 320 mg elemental calcium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial mean (+/-SD) serum 25(OH)D concentration was 28.5 +/- 10.8 nmol/L. After 12 mo, the 25(OH)D concentration was 125.6 +/- 38.8 nmol/L, and it exceeded 74 nmol/L in 92% of the patients. At every 3-mo follow-up, serum parathyroid hormone was lower than at baseline (P = 0.001). No changes in serum calcium or cases of hypercalcemia were observed at the follow-up assessments. Both mean total urinary calcium and the mean urinary calcium-creatinine ratio increased from baseline at one follow-up time point (P < 0.05). Between baseline and the 12-mo visit, z scores for bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and the hip both increased significantly (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fortification of bread with much more vitamin D than used previously produced no evident adverse effects on sun-deprived nursing home residents and improved bone density measures. Fortification of bread with 5000 IU vitamin D(3)/d provided reasonable assurance that vitamin D-deficient older adults attained a serum 25(OH)D concentration greater than the desirable objective of >75 nmol/L. This trial was registered at (ClinicalTrials.gov) as: NCT00789503.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicin and Pharmacy Iasi Gr T Popa, Iasi, Romania. vmocanu@iasi.mednet.ro
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mocanu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: Anca Roxana
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Costan
authors.forename: Otilia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Voroniuc
authors.forename: Eusebie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zbranca
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Luca
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vieth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001939:Bread; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012383:Romania; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium