title: Membrane estrogen receptor regulates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through up-regulation of programmed death 1.
abstract: Although estrogens exert a pronounced protective effect on multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), their therapeutic application has been limited by undesirable side effects thought to be mediated primarily through estradiol binding to intracellular estrogen receptor alpha. In this study, we found that signaling through the putative membrane estrogen receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), was sufficient to mediate protection against EAE, which was significantly impaired in GPR30 gene-deficient mice. Treatment with G-1, an agonist that selectively activates GPR30 without engagement of the intracellular estrogen receptors, retained the ability of estradiol to protect against clinical and histological EAE without estradiol-associated side effects, deviated cytokine profiles, and enhanced suppressive activity of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells through a GPR30- and programmed death 1-dependent mechanism. This study is the first to evaluate the protective effect of GPR30 activation on EAE, and provides a strong foundation for the clinical application of GPR30 agonists such as G-1 in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA. wangch@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Chunhe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.forename: Yuexin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kaler
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vandenbark
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Offner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C517943:1-(4-(6-bromobenzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta(c)quinolin-8-yl)ethanone; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; C532507:GPER1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011804:Quinolines; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D004958:Estradiol