title: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in a young woman with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: are these two conditions associated?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare dominantly inherited disease characterized by hamartomatous small bowel polyposis, mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, and increased risk of cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) present mainly as sporadic, but they may have also a familial component. We present a case of PJS in a caucasian 25 years-old woman, who developed a DTC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient had a palpable nodule in the right side of the thyroid region and an endocrinological evaluation, including hormonal assays, neck ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration (FNAB) of the nodule was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US confirmed a single nodular lesion in the right thyroid lobe (14 mm). Cytological analysis at FNAB revealed a pattern compatible with papillary thyroid carcinoma. The histological analysis after total thyroidectomy confirmed the diagnosis of a Hurtle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, with follicular architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though rare, the association between PJS and DTC can be possible. In clinical practice it must be borne in mind that the wide spectrum of possible cancer diseases occurring in PJS could also include DTC, that the latter can occur earlier in life in PJS population and with a more aggressive histological pattern. Furthermore, in patients with PJS, US of the thyroid should be performed whenever thyroid disease is suspected at physical examination or based on patient's medical history. Due to lack of established data allowing for a real esteem of the association between PJS and DTC, US of the thyroid, should not be recommended as a routine screening for all subjects with PJS.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Geriatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense di Baggiovara, Via Giardini 1355, Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zirilli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roncucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diazzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponz De Leon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rochira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000473:pathology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000601:surgery; D010580:Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine