title: A nutrigenomic inflammation-related PBMC-based approach to predict the weight-loss regain in obese subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term maintenance of a dietary-induced weight loss continues to be a major health problem and warrants research on innovative approaches to understand weight stability. We investigated the role of the proinflammatory status on weight changes in obese subjects receiving a low-calorie diet (LCD) and during the subsequent 6-month weight maintenance period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four subjects (age: 34.2 +/- 0.53 years; body mass index, BMI: 30.4 +/- 1.8 kg/m(2)) followed an 8-week LCD intervention and were contacted again 6 months later. Body composition, circulating proinflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and leptin] and mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes [TNFalpha and nuclear factor (NF) kappaB transcription subunits] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 6-month weight regain was predicted by high concentrations of TNFalpha at LCD completion (OR = 4.21, p = 0.036) along with the baseline amount of fat mass (OR = 7.23, p = 0.029). In addition, baseline leptin concentrations (p = 0.028) as well as mRNA levels of TNFalpha and NFkappaB subunits were higher at the end of the dietary intervention (p < 0.05) in PBMC of subjects who regained >or=10% of the dietary-induced weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate a role for the proinflammatory state and body adiposity in the prediction of weight-loss regain. This relationship could contribute to the design of more personalized nutritional treatments in obese patients and favor the weight maintenance process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estibaliz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goyenechea
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Crujeiras
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein