title: ECMO in ARDS: a long-term follow-up study regarding pulmonary morphology and function and health-related quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high survival rate can be achieved in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The technique and the costs are, however, debated and follow-up studies in survivors are few. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term pulmonary health after ECMO and severe ARDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one long-term survivors of severe ARDS and ECMO were studied in a follow-up program including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs, extensive pulmonary function tests, pulmonary scintigraphy and the pulmonary disease-specific St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients had residual lung parenchymal changes on HRCT suggestive of fibrosis, but the extension of morphologic abnormalities was limited and without the typical anterior localization presumed to indicate ventilator-associated lung injury. Pulmonary function tests revealed good restitution with mean values in the lower normal range, while T(1/2) for outwash of inhaled isotope was abnormal in all patients consistent with subclinical obstructivity. Most patients had reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), according to the SGRQ, but were stating less respiratory symptoms than conventionally treated ARDS patients in previous studies. The majority were integrated in normal work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of ECMO-treated ARDS patients have good physical and social functioning. However, lung parenchymal changes on HRCT suggestive of fibrosis and minor pulmonary function abnormalities remain common and can be detected more than 1 year after ECMO. Furthermore, most patients experience a reduction in HRQoL due to the pulmonary sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of ECMO, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. viveka.linden@karolinska.se
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Lindén
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lidegran
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frisén
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Frenckner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*