title: Angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulation causes neuroprotection in a conscious rat model of stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)R) is implicated to be neuroprotective in stroke, although this premise has not been directly tested. Therefore, we have examined the neuroprotective effect of AT(2)R stimulation after intracerebroventricular administration of AT(2)R agonist CGP42112 in a conscious rat model of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with either CGP42112 (0.1 to 10 ng/kg/min intracerebroventricularly) alone or in combination with the AT(2)R antagonist PD123319 (36 ng/kg/min intracerebroventricularly) beginning 5 days before stroke induction. A focal reperfusion model of stroke was induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats by administering endothelin-1 to the middle cerebral artery through a surgically implanted cannula. Behavioral tests were used to assess the severity of neurological deficit as a result of the ischemic event. Cortical and striatal infarct volumes were measured 72 hours poststroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure was unaffected by treatments. CGP42112 dose-dependently reduced cortical infarct volume poststroke, and PD123319 abolished the neuroprotective effect of CGP42112. PD123319 had no effect on infarct volume alone. These results were consistent with the behavioral findings, indicating that CGP42112 reduced motor deficit on the ledged beam test at 72 hours poststroke and immunohistochemical analyses showing that CGP42112 increased neuronal survival and minimized the loss of AT(2)R expression in the infarcted region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on infarct, behavioral, and immunohistochemical data, these results indicate that centrally administered CGP42112 exhibits a neuroprotective effect, which was independent of blood pressure. Thus, for the first time, we have shown that central AT(2)R stimulation is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vinh
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Widdop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003243:Consciousness; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D013481:Superoxides; C060894:CGP 42112A