title: Are illness perceptions about coronary artery disease predictive of depression and quality of life outcomes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression occurs commonly in coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with substantial disability. Modifiable cognitive determinants of depression in this population have not been identified. We investigated the impact of potentially modifiable illness beliefs about CAD on depressive symptomatology. We also examined the association between these beliefs and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and socio-demographic variations in illness beliefs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 193 recently hospitalized CAD patients was conducted. Data were collected from medical records and by self-report 3 and 9 months post-discharge. Socio-demographic differences were analysed with independent sample t-tests. Predictive models were tested in a series of hierarchical linear regression equations that controlled for known clinical, psychosocial, and demographic correlates of outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Negative illness beliefs, particularly those associated with the consequences of CAD, were significantly predictive of higher levels of depressive symptomatology at 3 and 9 months. Positive illness perceptions were significantly associated with better HRQOL outcomes. Older and less socially advantaged patients demonstrated more negative illness beliefs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illness beliefs are significantly associated with depressive symptomatology and HRQOL in CAD patients. These beliefs can be easily identified and constitute a meaningful and clinically accessible avenue for improving psychological morbidity and HRQOL in CAD patients. Older and more socially vulnerable patients may require heightened monitoring of their illness beliefs. Research needs to translate these and other predictive findings into interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. lesley.stafford@thewomens.org.au
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D055809:Illness Behavior; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support