title: Role of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of Candida albicans keratitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Innate immunity had been thought to be critical in the pathogenesis and prognosis of fungal keratitis. This study was conducted to determine whether experimental Candida albicans keratitis (CaK) induces an adaptive immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental murine CaK was induced by intrastromal injection of C. albicans spores, and fungal pneumonia was induced by intranasal inhalation of spores. Active immunization was accomplished by subcutaneous injection of heat-inactivated spores. Serum was collected at different times after the induction of primary or secondary CaK for the measurement of IgA, IgG, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect immunoglobulin deposition and lymphocyte infiltration in diseased corneas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After intrastromal injection of C. albicans spores in immunocompetent mice, typical CaK occurred, and the corneas healed in 3 weeks. When recovered corneas were challenged again with spores, they developed milder CaK and healed faster than with primary CaK. Mice that had recovered from pulmonary infection or had been immunized also showed increased resistance to CaK. Compared with naive mice, the mice that had previously encountered C. albicans produced more IgG and IgA in serum and more immunoglobulin deposition and lymphocyte infiltration in corneas on secondary CaK induction. Cytokines assays showed that the immune response induced by CaK was biased toward the T-helper (Th)1 type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Th1-type adaptive immune response and immunologic memory were induced by C. albicans keratitis, and previous contact with Candida preparation enhanced the resistance of the host to subsequent corneal challenge with the same fungus. Active immunization might be an effective strategy to prevent fungal keratitis in populations at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Qingdao University-SEI Joint Immunology Program, 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yiqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000382:microbiology; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma