title: Nitric oxide platelet production in spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role played by platelet nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in patients with spontaneous miscarriage (SM) and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) compared with healthy pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients and controls in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty singleton pregnant women who experienced SM, nine singleton pregnant women who presented with RSM, and 30 singleton healthy pregnant women matched for age, parity, and gestational age were enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  NO levels and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) production; moreover, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and nitrotyrosine expression (N-Tyr) were observed in the same samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase was shown in platelet NO and ONOO(-) levels and in iNOS and N-Tyr both in SM and in RSM pregnant women compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data herein reported imply that a modified NO pathway might play a key role in the physiological changes of advancing gestation but may also contribute to the pathophysiology of spontaneous miscarriage. Thus, any factors balancing NO metabolism might be useful in the treatment of miscarriage, thus reducing the substantial morbidity and associated mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. raffi.3@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nanetti
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Stefano Raffaele
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Giannubilo
authors.forename: Claudia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Curzi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: Andrea Luigi
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tranquilli
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III