title: Mitochondrial behaviors in the vitrified mouse oocyte and its parthenogenetic embryo: effect of Taxol pretreatment and relationship to competence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Taxol pretreatment on mitochondrial behaviors in vitrified mouse mature oocytes and their parthenogenetic embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory and state key laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexually mature female Kunming white strain mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Taxol before vitrification group (Tax). Oocytes were pretreated with M(2) containing 1 mmol/L Taxol for 2 minutes at 37C and then vitrified-warmed using the OPS vitrification procedure. Both ED solution and EDFS30 solution contained 1 mmol/L Taxol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mitochondrial behaviors examined by fluorescence microscopy technology and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, mitochondria were homogeneously distributed, in slow movement in oocytes, and perinuclearly distributed in 42.6% (n = 115) of their parthenogenetic two-cell embryos. Mitochondria from the toxicity group showed similar localization and movement to those of the control group, but not in the vitrification group. The perinuclear mitochondrial localization pattern of two-cell embryos was statistically significantly lower in both the toxicity (27.2%) and vitrification groups (19.8%) than in the control group. After parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst formation rate of oocytes in the treated groups (28.1 to 48.6%) was statistically significantly lower than that of control (61.2%), but the rate of Taxol group (47.9%) was statistically significantly higher than that in the vitrification group (28.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taxol pretreatment before vitrification helps to reduce the mitochondrial disturbance induced by vitrification in oocytes and their parthenogenetic early-stage embryo.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiang-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Guang-Bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xue-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Shi-En
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D017239:Paclitaxel