title: Reprint: Good laboratory practice: preventing introduction of bias at the bench.
abstract: As a research community, we have failed to demonstrate that drugs that show substantial efficacy in animal models of cerebral ischemia can also improve outcome in human stroke. Accumulating evidence suggests that this may be due, at least in part, to problems in the design, conduct and reporting of animal experiments, which create a systematic bias resulting in the overstatement of neuroprotective efficacy. Here, we set out a series of measures to reduce bias in the design, conduct and reporting of animal experiments modeling human stroke.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: O'Collins
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dirnagl
authors.forename: Philip M W
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bath
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: H Bart
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: van der Worp
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Traystman
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minematsu
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Donnan
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Howells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents