title: Congenital orbital fibrosis: a distinct clinical entity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe congenital orbital fibrosis as a distinct clinical entity, and highlight its constellation of features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of 4 patients with congenital orbital fibrosis. One patient underwent exploration of the orbit, release and biopsy of scar tissue. Two patients underwent strabismus surgery. One of these also underwent upper eyelid lengthening. Blepharoptosis, eyelid retraction, enophthalmos, proptosis, presence of a diffusely infiltrating orbital mass with secondary involvement of extraocular muscles, and dysplasia of the affected bony orbit were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient presented with eyelid retraction, 1 with ptosis, and the remaining 2 had normal eyelid height. Furthermore, one patient demonstrated true enophthalmos. Of the remaining 3, 1 had symmetrical exophthalmometry, and 2 presented with proptosis. The later 2 patients presented with ipsilateral facial hypoplasia, accompanying orbital wall dysplasia and decreased orbital volume, confirmed on computed tomography. In addition, all patients demonstrated an irregular, retrobulbar mass located medially within the orbit, incorporating the medial rectus muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital orbital fibrosis is a nonfamilial, nonprogressive, unilateral, distinct clinical entity, characterized by the presence of a diffusely infiltrating orbital mass with secondary involvement of extraocular muscles resulting in variable symptomatology due to the cicatricial process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mavrikakis
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pegado
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rootman
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed