title: Posttranscriptional regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
abstract: Regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has a pathophysiological role in hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure. We started from an observation that the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of AT1R mRNA suppressed AT1R translation. Using affinity purification for the separation of 3'-UTR-binding proteins and mass spectrometry for their identification, we describe glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an AT1R 3'-UTR-binding protein. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift analysis with purified GAPDH further demonstrated a direct interaction with the 3'-UTR while GAPDH immunoprecipitation confirmed this interaction with endogenous AT1R mRNA. GAPDH-binding site was mapped to 1-100 of 3'-UTR. GAPDH-bound target mRNAs were identified by expression array hybridization. Analysis of secondary structures shared among GAPDH targets led to the identification of a RNA motif rich in adenines and uracils. Silencing of GAPDH increased the expression of both endogenous and transfected AT1R. Similarly, a decrease in GAPDH expression by H(2)O(2) led to an increased level of AT1R expression. Consistent with GAPDH having a central role in H(2)O(2)-mediated AT1R regulation, both the deletion of GAPDH-binding site and GAPDH overexpression attenuated the effect of H(2)O(2) on AT1R mRNA. Taken together, GAPDH is a translational suppressor of AT1R and mediates the effect of H(2)O(2) on AT1R mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Biomedicum Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paukku
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daviet
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: Erkka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valo
authors.forename: Sampsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hautaniemi
authors.forename: Nisse
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalkkinen
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehsan
authors.forename: Kimmo K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kontula
authors.forename: Jukka Y A
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases