title: Infectious dental diseases in patients with coronary artery disease: an orthopantomographic case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a potential association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and a variety of radiographically detectable infectious dental diseases, a hospital-based prospective case-control study was conducted in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight consecutive patients with a first attack of unstable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction were enrolled as cases and were matched on the basis of age, sex and nationality with control patients who were known not to have CAD. The severity and extent of periodontal bone loss and other radiographic signs of infection in both cases and controls were analyzed with orthopantomograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More cases than controls had teeth needing extraction (p = 0.043), periapical lesions (p = 0.028), molars with furcation lesions (p < 0.001), teeth with marginal bone loss > or = 6 mm (p = 0.001) and teeth with angular (vertical) bone loss (p < 0.001). Analysis of the total dental index showed that the median scores were higher for cases than controls for both radiographically diagnosed periodontitis (p < 0.001) and periapical lesions (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, there was a significant association between radiographically diagnosed periodontal diseases and CAD. These results should not be regarded as indicating a causal relationship, especially given that the diagnosis of periodontitis was based only on a radiographic examination. The true impact of oral infections on CAD should be examined in a large prospective clinical and interventional study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland. kyosti.oikarinen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Kyosti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zubaid
authors.forename: Lukman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thalib
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soikkonen
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.forename: Tryggve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000150:complications; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic