title: Continuous-flow enzyme assay on a microfluidic chip for monitoring glycerol secretion from cultured adipocytes.
abstract: A dual-chip microfluidic platform that coupled perfusion of cultured adipocytes with on-line fluorescence-based enzyme assay was developed to monitor glycerol secretions in real time from cultured adipocytes. The perfusion cell chip, which could be reversibly sealed to allow reloading of cells and reuse of the chip, was shown by modeling to generate low shear stress on the cells under study. Effluent from the perfusion chip was pumped into an enzyme assay chip for monitoring of secretion from the cells. The on-line enzyme assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 4 microM glycerol. The temporal resolution of the combined system for detecting changes in glycerol concentration was 90 s. The microfluidic device was used to continuously monitor glycerol secretion from murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, grown and differentiated on glass coverslips, for at least 2 h. An average basal glycerol concentration of 28 microM was detected in the effluent. Pharmacological treatment with a beta-adrenergic agonist to stimulate lipolysis evoked a 3-fold increase in glycerol secretion followed by sustained release that was 40% higher than basal concentration. The ability to monitor changes in cellular secretion over time may provide insight into adipocyte metabolism and the dysregulation that occurs with obesity-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kyle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: Ormond A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: MacDougald
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005990:Glycerol