title: The evidence of Coxsackievirus B3 induced myocarditis as the cause of death in a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 5-year-old female Sichuan snub-nosed monkey died at the zoological garden from infection with coxsackievirus B3.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic features, immunohistochemistry, microbiological detection, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues revealed a severe degree of predominantly lymphocytic infiltration of the cardiac muscle. Picornaviridae-like virions were found in the supernatants of cardiac muscle tissues homogenates, in the pericardial fluid, and in Vero cell cultures, by electron microscopy. Coxsackievirus B3 particles were detected in cardiac muscle cells by immunofluorescence. RT-PCR performed on an extract of cardiac muscle tissue revealed a DNA sequence specific for coxsackievirus B3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey dying from a virus.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Deguang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xianying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qijun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016673:Colobinae; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000662:veterinary; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary