title: Validity of ejection fraction as a measure of myocardial functional state: impact of asynchrony.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to test whether peculiarities of left ventricular (LV) regional function place limits on the validity of ejection fraction (EF) as a measure of the myocardial functional state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transthoracic and transoesophageal data from patients with a variety of cardiac conditions were used for analysis of LV regional function. The focus was on the effects of mechanical asynchrony. Ejection fraction was calculated on the basis of LV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume obtained by two different ways: (i) end-systolic volume as a whole; and (ii) the sum of all regional end-systolic volumes (which may occur at different times). The relative difference, D-EF, between EFs obtained by (i) and (ii) was taken as the 'merit' of EF. A value of zero is the highest merit. Irrespective of the examination method, we found that D-EF was always higher than zero, and that its value depended on the extent of mechanical asynchrony.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ejection fraction is not the arithmetic average of regional EFs. An increase of asynchrony increases D-EF, i.e. it reduces the merit of EF as a measure of cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Physics, Ural State Medical Academy, 3 Repin Str., Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. user-214@usu2.usu.ru
authors.forename: Felix A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Blyakhman
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Naidich
authors.forename: Svetlana G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kolchanova
authors.forename: Sergey Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sokolov
authors.forename: Yulia V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Kremleva
authors.forename: Vasily V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Chestukhin
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*