How does the heart (not) die? The role of autophagy in cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cell death.
Autophagy plays a critical and seemingly dual-purposed role in cardiomyocytes, being implicated as a mechanism of both cellular survival, for example, during ischemia/reperfusion injury and a mechanism of cell death at stages in which progressive myocyte alterations are beyond repair. This review aims to highlight the current literature as it relates to autophagy in cardiomyocytes. It provides background into the mechanisms of cell death, discusses the details that are known about the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy, delves into the pathways that are known to initiate and inhibit autophagy, and comments on the role of autophagy in cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cell death.
Dhesi
Pavittarpaul
P
Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Suite 6215, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Tehrani
Faramarz
F
Fuess
Justin
J
Schwarz
Ernst R
ER
D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D016923:Cell Death; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex