title: Brome mosaic virus capsid protein regulates accumulation of viral replication proteins by binding to the replicase assembly RNA element.
abstract: Viruses provide valuable insights into the regulation of molecular processes. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is one of the simplest entities with four viral proteins and three genomic RNAs. Here we report that the BMV capsid protein (CP), which functions in RNA encapsidation and virus trafficking, also represses viral RNA replication in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the accumulation of the RNA replication proteins. Expression of the replication protein 2a in trans can partially rescue BMV RNA accumulation. A mutation in the CP can decrease the repression of translation. Translation repression by the CP requires a hairpin RNA motif named the B Box that contains seven loop nucleotides (nt) within the 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of BMV RNA1 and RNA2. Purified CP can bind directly to the B Box RNA with a K (d) of 450 nM. The secondary structure of the B Box RNA was determined to contain a highly flexible 7-nt loop using NMR spectroscopy, native gel analysis, and thermal denaturation studies. The B Box is also recognized by the BMV 1a protein to assemble the BMV replicase, suggesting that the BMV CP can act to regulate several viral infection processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Letteney
authors.forename: Chul-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017795:Bromovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral