title: The natural history of vascular access for hemodialysis: a single center study of 2,422 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective is to provide provision of primary and secondary patency rates data and incidence of complications. Despite the publication of some review articles and small prospective trials about vascular accesses, controversy still exists regarding the choice of the outflow conduit and especially the choice of the fistula to be formed in secondary and tertiary access procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of 2,422 consecutive patients who underwent 3,685 vascular access procedures in a tertiary care hospital, including radial-cephalic (RCAVF), brachial-cephalic (BCAVF), brachial-basilic (BBAVF), and prosthetic graft (PTFE) fistulas. Maximum follow-up period was 20 years. Actuarial patency rates were obtained by Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median primary patency (days) of the most common 1st choices for vascular access were 712 (95% CI: 606, 818), 1,009 (95% CI: 823, 1,195), and 384 (95% CI: 273, 945) days for RCAVF, BCAVF, and PTFE, respectively. The median secondary patency was 1809 days (95% CI: 1,692, 1,926) for the RCAVF. The median primary patency of BBAVF (2nd or 3rd choice for vascular access) was 1,582 days (95% CI: 415, 2,749). The cumulative incidence of clinically important complications for the patients who received a RCAVF, BCAVF, BBAVF, and u-PTFE was 0.25, 0.57, 0.33, and 0.61 per patient-year, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We advocate maximal use of autogenous conduits, except probably the case of the older diabetic patient, in whom access at the antecubital fossa should be the first choice. BBAVF is an excellent fistula and should probably be constructed before prosthetic graft placement.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplant Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papagiannis
authors.forename: Dionisios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vrochides
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imvrios
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gakis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fouzas
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Antoniadis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takoudas
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology