title: Comparative analysis of magnetosome gene clusters in magnetotactic bacteria provides further evidence for horizontal gene transfer.
abstract: The organization of magnetosome genes was analysed in all available complete or partial genomic sequences of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), including the magnetosome island (MAI) of the magnetotactic marine vibrio strain MV-1 determined in this study. The MAI was found to differ in gene content and organization between Magnetospirillum species and strains MV-1 or MC-1. Although a similar organization of magnetosome genes was found in all MTB, distinct variations in gene order and sequence similarity were uncovered that may account for the observed diversity of biomineralization, cell biology and magnetotaxis found in various MTB. While several magnetosome genes were present in all MTB, others were confined to Magnetospirillum species, indicating that the minimal set of genes required for magnetosome biomineralization might be smaller than previously suggested. A number of novel candidate genes were implicated in magnetosome formation by gene cluster comparison. Based on phylogenetic and compositional evidence we present a model for the evolution of magnetotaxis within the Alphaproteobacteria, which suggests the independent horizontal transfer of magnetosome genes from an unknown ancestor of magnetospirilla into strains MC-1 and MV-1.
authors.affiliation: LMU Munich, Microbiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jogler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kube
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schübbe
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teeling
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bazylinski
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schüler
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008280:Magnetics; D042201:Magnetospirillum / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D015388:Organelles / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D014733:Vibrio / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial