title: Effects of gustatory stimulants of salivary secretion on salivary pH and flow: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare salivary pH changes and stimulation efficacy of two different gustatory stimulants of salivary secretion (GSSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Portuguese Dental Faculty Clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty volunteers were randomized to two intervention groups. Sample sized was calculated using an alpha error of 0.05 and a beta of 0.20.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to receive a new gustatory stimulant of secretory secretion containing a weaker malic acid, fluoride and xylitol or a traditionally citric acid-based one. Saliva collection was obtained by established methods at different times. The salivary pH of the samples was determined with a pH meter and a microelectrode.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary pH variations and counts of subjects with pH below 5.5 for over 1 min and stimulated salivary flow were the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both GSSS significantly stimulated salivary output without significant differences between the two groups. The new gustatory stimulant of salivary secretion presented a risk reduction of 80 +/- 10.6% (95% CI) when compared with the traditional one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gustatory stimulants of salivary secretion with fluoride, xylitol and lower acid content maintain similar salivary stimulation capacity while reducing significantly the dental erosion predictive potential.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. admata2@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A D S P
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: da Mata
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: da Silva Marques
authors.forename: J M L
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: J R O F
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: de Melo Campos Felino
authors.forename: N F R P M
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Guilherme
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014993:Xylitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D008293:Malates; D019343:Citric Acid; C030298:malic acid; D005459:Fluorides; D014993:Xylitol