title: Neurophysiological and histopathological evaluation of low-dose radiation on the cauda equina and postlaminotomy fibrosis: an experimental study in the rat.
abstract: METHODS
  We evaluated the electrophysiological changes to the cauda equina after low-dose external irradiation in a postlaminotomy fibrosis model in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the immediate and long-term electrophysiological responses of antifibrotic radiation therapy in a fibrosis model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Low-dose perioperative radiation therapy inhibits scar formation. However, its efficacy for preventing fibrosis-induced compressive neuropathy and its potential adverse effect on underlying neural structures have not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were placed in 3 groups of 8: group I, sham operation (laminar exposure alone) with a single fraction of 700 cGy external irradiation given using a 9-MeV electron beam 24 hours postsurgery; group II, left L5 hemilaminectomy (laminotomy) alone; and group III, left L5 hemilaminectomy with the same radiation protocol as group 1. We recorded mixed-nerve-elicited somatosensory-evoked potentials (M-SSEP)- and dermal (D)-SSEP at the thoracolumbar junction, and L1-L2 interspinous ligament after percutaneously stimulating the posterior tibial nerve at the bilateral medial ankle and L5 dermatomal fields. We compared the potentials recorded immediately before, 30 minutes, 2 weeks, and 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery on the operated and nonoperated sides. We used gross dissection and histologic sections to evaluate the degree of perineural fibrosis and walking-track analysis for neurologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre- and postoperative (30 minutes and 2 weeks) M- and D-SSEP were not statistically different. In group II, the relative amplitude of D-SSEP (elicited from 5 dermatomes) 1, 2, and 3 months postsurgery was lower; however, the M-SSEP in all groups and D-SSEP of groups I and III remained constant. Histologic evaluation of radiation efficacy showed that the frequency and extent of peridural fibrosis was consistently lower in group II than in group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose irradiation reduced peridural fibrosis and prevented fibrosis-induced radiculopathy. The radiation caused no adverse neuropathic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ren
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jung-Shun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Helen Hai-Wen
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liang-Chao
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yun-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: I-Ming
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002420:Cauda Equina / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000528:radiation effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology