title: Beneficial effect of triple treatment plus immunoglobulin in experimental nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: Combinations of antiproteinurics, including angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors + angiotensin II receptor antagonist + statins, are promising choices in the treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the effects of high doses of immunoglobulin in addition to these combinations in rats with adriamycin-induced nephrosis. The study included 40 rats allocated into five groups: control, nephrotic syndrome without treatment, dual therapy (DT) with enalapril + losartan, triple therapy (TT) with enalapril + losartan + simvastatin, and quadruple therapy (QT) with enalapril + losartan + simvastatin + a high dose of immunoglobulin. The proteinuria levels were not statistically different between DT, TT and QT groups at weeks 5, 8, 12 and 16. At week 16, serum creatinine levels in the QT group were significantly lower than those in the control, DT and TT groups. The glomerulosclerosis index in the DT group was significantly lower than in the TT and QT groups. The scores for interstitial fibrosis and TGF-beta staining were similar among treatment groups. In conclusion, we showed that quadruple therapy including immunoglobulin had a beneficial effect on renal function in the late phase, but it had no additional effects in reducing proteinuria or in glomerulosclerosis score in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Further studies with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) and immunoglobulin combinations would offer some benefits in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey. semaakman2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalay
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyun
authors.forename: Halide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akbaş
authors.forename: Yunus Emre
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Baysal
authors.forename: Ayfer Gur
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guven
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011507:Proteinuria; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D004656:Enalapril; D019821:Simvastatin; D003404:Creatinine; D019808:Losartan