title: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: cytokine profile in gingival crevicular fluid, preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aggressive periodontitis is a specific form of periodontal disease that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction. Cytokine profiles are of considerable value when studying disease course during treatment. The aim of this trial was to investigate cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with aggressive periodontitis, after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or scaling and root planing (SRP), in a split-mouth design on -7, 0, +1, +7, +30, and +90 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were randomly treated with PDT using a laser source associated with a photosensitizer or SRP with hand instruments. GCF samples were collected, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations to test the associations among treatments, evaluated parameters, and experimental times (alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-surgical periodontal treatment with PDT or SRP led to statistically significant reductions in TNF-alpha level 30 days following treatment. There were similar levels of TNF-alpha and RANKL at the different time points in both groups, with no statistically significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRP and PDT had similar effects on crevicular TNF-alpha and RANKL levels in patients with aggressive periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Ramos
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Humberto Oswaldo
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Filho
authors.forename: Arthur Belém
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Gustavo Pompermaier
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
authors.forename: Raphael Freitas
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.forename: Sérgio Luís
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Scombatti de Souza
authors.forename: Francisco Jeter
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis; D016745:Root Planing; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010640:Phenothiazines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D053245:RANK Ligand; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C031637:phenothiazine