title: Open window thoracostomy for pleural empyema complicating partial lung resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although an open-window thoracostomy (OWT) represents the ideal method for drainage of postpneumonectomy empyema, several controversies exist concerning its application to pleural empyema complicating pulmonary resections less than pneumonectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1993 and December 2003, 19 patients (16 male and 3 female) were treated for a pleural empyema complicating partial lung resection. The median age was 62 years (range, 17 to 79). Five patients (26%) had a bronchopleural fistula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2 patients (10%), successful control of the infection was achieved with the OWT. In 10 patients (56%), the OWT was closed by obliteration of pleural cavity with antibiotic solution (2 patients) or intrathoracic muscle transposition (8 patients). OWT closure was successfully performed in all of 5 patients with postoperative pleural empyema due to bronchopleural fistula. Prolonged chest drainage was not successful in any patient with late onset postoperative pleural empyema. Univariate analysis revealed that previous left pulmonary resections (p < 0.05) and timing of OWT (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of empyema healing after pulmonary resections smaller than pneumonectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate OWT is a significant predictor of empyema healing after partial lung resection. Smaller pleural cavities appeared to increase the likelihood of healing. Prolonged chest tube drainage failed to control the infection in late onset of postoperative pleural empyema due to entrapped lung.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, E Morelli Regional Hospital, Sondalo, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massera
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robustellini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Pona
authors.forename: Gerolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013907:Thoracostomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult