title: Fucoxanthin, tetraprenylated toluquinone and toluhydroquinone metabolites from Sargassum heterophyllum inhibit the in vitro growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: In the course of our search for antimalarial leads from marine algae, four metabolites, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, sargaquinal and fucoxanthin, were isolated from the South African alga Sargassum heterophyllum. Fucoxanthin and sargaquinal showed good antiplasmodial activity toward a chloroquine-sensitive strain (D10) of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 1.5 and 2.0 microM, respectively), while sargaquinoic acid and sargahydroquinoic acid were only moderately active (IC50 12.0 and 15.2 microM, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anthonia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Afolayan
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lategan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Denzil R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beukes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000432:Methanol; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D024341:Xanthophylls; C025164:fucoxanthin; C042889:2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone; D000432:Methanol