title: Transient postoperative vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-neutralisation improves graft survival in corneas with partly regressed inflammatory neovascularisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-risk keratoplasties are usually performed after an uninflamed and quiescent interval in corneas with partly regressed blood and lymphatic vessels. We analysed whether the inhibition of post-keratoplasty revascularisation in mice with partly regressed corneal vessels ("intermediate-risk") improves graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three interrupted stromal sutures (11-0) in corneas of Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks old) were placed for 6 weeks. Six months after suture removal, penetrating keratoplasty was performed with C57BL/6 donors. The treatment group received a vascular endothelial growth factor-A specific cytokine trap (VEGF Trap) intraperitoneally at days 0, 4, 7 and 14 after keratoplasty (25 mg/kg per mouse; controls received equal amounts of Fc protein). Pathological haemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis prior to as well as 3 days or 8 weeks after keratoplasty and graft survival were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three days after keratoplasty corneal revascularisation was sufficiently reduced by VEGF Trap (haem-vascularised areas 42.7% reduction; lymph-vascularised areas 54.7% reduction). Survival proportions 8 weeks after keratoplasty were 36% in the treatment group compared with 9% in the control group (n = 11; p<0.05). At that time no differences in haemangiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis were observed between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early transient postoperative induction of haemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and reformation of regressed corneal blood and lymphatic vessels are important for transplant rejections after "intermediate-risk" corneal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luetjen-Drecoll
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dana
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cursiefen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D016510:Corneal Neovascularization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C533178:aflibercept; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor