title: Evaluation of peri-implant tissue response according to the presence of keratinized mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of peri-implant tissue in the presence of keratinized mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 276 implants were placed in 100 patients. From the time of implant placement, the average follow-up observation period was 13 months. The width of keratinized mucosa was compared and evaluated through the gingival inflammation index (GI), plaque index (PI), the pocket depth, mucosal recession, and marginal bone resorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GI, PI, and pocket depth in the presence or absence of the keratinized gingiva did not show statistically significant differences. However, mucosal recession and marginal bone resorption experienced statistically significant increases in the group of deficient keratinized mucosa. Based on implant surface treatments, the width of keratinized gingiva and crestal bone loss did not show a significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases with insufficient keratinized gingiva in the vicinity of implants, the insufficiency does not necessarily mediate adverse effects on the hygiene management and soft tissue health condition. Nonetheless, the risk of the increase of gingival recession and the crestal bone loss is present. Therefore, it is thought that from the aspect of long-term maintenance and management, as well as for the area requiring esthetics, the presence of an appropriate amount of keratinized gingiva is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, GwangJu City, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bum-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pil-Young
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Yang-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hyo-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D007633:Keratins