title: Successful treatment of a sinonasal cryptococcal granuloma in a horse.
abstract: METHODS
  A 12-year-old 500-kg (1,100-lb) American Quarter Horse mare was evaluated because of chronic mucopurulent, bloody discharge from the left nostril, inspiratory dyspnea, and respiratory noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The horse had severe inspiratory dyspnea and stertorous respiration with no airflow from the left nostril. A temporary tracheostomy was performed. Endoscopy revealed a tan mass protruding from the left middle nasal meatus into the left common nasal meatus; it extended caudally into the nasopharynx and around the caudal edge of the nasal septum into the right nasal cavity. Radiographically, a soft tissue opacity was evident in most of the left nasal cavity and left paranasal sinuses. Cytologic examination of mass tissue revealed evidence of pyogranulomatous rhinitis; thickly encapsulated, budding yeast typical of Cryptococcus neoformans were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the horse was sedated and in a standing position, the fungal granuloma was removed from the paranasal sinuses. Treatment with fluconazole (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 4 weeks) was initiated; enilconazole (50 mL of a 10% solution) was instilled into the paranasal sinuses every other day (7 lavages). Six weeks after surgery, infection had not recurred and epithelialization appeared normal in the left paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In horses with cryptococcosis of the paranasal sinuses, surgical removal of granulomatous lesions and systemic and topical administrations of antifungal drugs may be curative. Successful surgery may be performed in standing horses. Concommitant removal of a large portion of the conchae allows follow-up rhinoscopic evaluation of the paranasal sinuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: V Claudia
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Carla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sommardahl
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; C017435:enilconazole; D015725:Fluconazole