title: Unrestricted access to methamphetamine or cocaine in the past is associated with increased current use.
abstract: Laboratory animals allowed to self-administer stimulants for extended periods of time escalate drug intake compared to animals that self-administer under temporally limited conditions. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been systematically investigated in humans. We interviewed 106 (77 male, 29 female) methamphetamine (Meth) and 96 (81 male, 15 female) cocaine (Coc) users to determine if they had experienced discrete period(s) of unrestricted access to unlimited quantities of Meth or Coc in the past. Fifty-eight Meth users and 53 Coc users reported having a discrete period of unrestricted access in the past, but not in the present. Meth-using participants with a prior history of unrestricted access reported significantly more current Meth use, compared to Meth users with no prior history of unrestricted access. Specifically, these participants reported more days used in the past 30 d, more days of use per week, greater use per day and greater total use per week (p<0.05 for each). Coc-using participants with a prior history of unrestricted access also reported significantly more current Coc use, compared to Coc users with no prior history of unrestricted access. This was true across all measures of current use for these participants, including more days used in the past 30 d, more days of use per week, greater use per day, and higher total use per week (p<0.02 for each). Taken together, these results suggest that a history of unrestricted access to stimulants is associated with long-lasting increases in stimulant use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. Culbertson@ucla.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Culbertson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De La Garza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012646:Self Administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine; D003042:Cocaine