title: Vulnerable brains: research ethics and neurosurgical patients.
abstract: Seven specific challenges in patient vulnerability related to neurosurgical advancement highlight needed augmentations for standards in innovation and research that do not unduly inhibit access to potential therapies while assuring just treatment of patients.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000941:ethics; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics; D035842:Research Subjects; D014481:United States; D035862:Vulnerable Populations