title: Outcome predictors and spectrum of treatment eligibility with prospective protocolized management of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk predictors, spectrum of treatment eligibility, and range of expected outcomes have not been validated in consecutive series including all cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) subjected to a prospective management protocol based on current guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six cases of ICH were prospectively identified in conjunction with screening for a clinical trial during an 18-month period. All patients were subjected to protocolized management based on published "best practice" guidelines for ICH. Medical records were reviewed by trained researchers, and outcomes were assessed at various time points including latest follow-up (range, 0-24 months; mean, 3.97 months). Initial assessment parameters, treatment eligibility, and outcomes were based on standardized criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In accordance with past literature, mortality and functional outcomes were significantly worse in older patients, those with a larger ICH volume, and worse Glasgow Coma Scale scores, in univariate and multivariate models. The presence and severity of associated intraventricular hemorrhage also correlated with mortality and outcome. Significantly lower mortality (P = 0.024) and better functional outcomes (P = 0.018) were achieved at 30 days in patients with an ICH volume of less than 30 cm in this series than in previously published community-based historical controls without protocolized care. A tight correspondence between treatment eligibility and treatment administered was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous estimates of poorer outcome in patients with ICH might not apply to contemporary management protocols, especially in patients with a smaller ICH volume. Outcome ranges in various risk categories and modeling of treatment eligibility will help project more realistic prognostication and assist with the design of future trials.
authors.affiliation: Hemorrhagic Stroke Project, Surgical Research Office and Division of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: AlKhawam
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: H Hunt
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Batjer
authors.forename: Issam A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Awad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult