title: Ophthalmologic findings in children with sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of refractive and nonrefractive ophthalmologic abnormalities in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to evaluate the overall utility of routine ophthalmological examination in children with SNHL.
  
  
  METHODS
  An institutional review board-approved retrospective analysis of ophthalmologic findings in children (18 years and younger) with SNHL seen between November 6, 2000, and June 4, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care university children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (18 years and younger) with SNHL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmologic findings and SNHL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 226 patients with SNHL who underwent ophthalmologic examination. Of these patients, 49 (21.7%) had an ophthalmologic abnormality. Refractive errors were present in 23 patients (10.2%), whereas nonrefractive conditions were present in 29 patients (12.8%). The cause of SNHL was syndromic in 11 patients (4.9%), of whom 5 (2.2%) had syndromes with associated ophthalmologic abnormalities. No statistically significant differences were found in ophthalmologic findings based on severity or laterality of SNHL. The prevalence of ophthalmologic findings was not significantly different between patients whose conditions were diagnosed on the basis of newborn screening and other patients. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were found in 1 of 27 patients (3.7%) with biallelic GJB2 mutations and 22 of 106 patients (20.7%) without any GJB2 mutations (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the overall prevalence of ophthalmologic findings in children with SNHL was 21.7%. Ophthalmologic anomalies were present in 3.7% of children with GJB2 mutations. Routine ophthalmologic examination can be beneficial in the evaluation of children with SNHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Melissa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ruscetta
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000072259:Connexin 26; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; D000072259:Connexin 26