Uncertainty measurement of chlorophenols and PCBs analyzed in aqueous media by SPME-GC-ECD.
Chlorophenols (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are two of the most important groups of high-priority pollutants, due to their carcinogenicity, toxicity, and mutagenicity. This paper compares the utilization of two solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based extraction procedures, prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD), to determine PCBs (PCB 101 and PCB 153) and CPs (2,4,6-TCP and PCP) in aqueous media. Good linearity was observed with the SPME-GC-ECD method for the concentration range studied; detection limits ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 microg/L. Repeatability was between 13% and 31% for the lowest concentration and between 5.6% and 7.8% for the highest concentration. The uncertainty was determined by Thompson and bottom-up approaches. The identification of the compounds was confirmed by GC-MS. The developed procedure has the advantage of simplicity of sample treatment and avoids the use of potentially hazardous organic solvents and the clean-up or pre-concentration steps. Regarding PCBs, this procedure is simpler and faster, but the limits of detection are higher.
Silva
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LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Alves
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Santos
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D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D035501:Uncertainty; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
D002733:Chlorophenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls