title: Videonystagmography to assess eyelid dynamic disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apply a videonystagmography (VNG) device to study indirectly blinking in patients with essential blepharospasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  A VNG device was used to study the pupillary occlusion. It was recorded and analyzed as indirect parameters of blinking in 23 essential blepharospasm on day 0, month 1, and month 3 following botulinum toxin injection using VNG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Botulinum toxin significantly reduced pupillary occlusions (PO) frequency (9.6 PO/min on D0 and 4.7 PO/min on M1 (p = 0.004), and average PO time (0.95 sec on D0 and 0.58 sec on M1 (p = 0.03) for PO higher than 0.3 sec. On the other hand, it does not have any action on frequency (32.4 PO/min on D0 and 31.3 PO/min on M1 (p = 0.7) and average PO time (0.16 sec on D0 and 0.15 sec on M1 (p = 0.4) of PO lower than 0.3 sec.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video acquisition computer-assisted makes it possible to measure blinking parameters indirectly in real time and to assess essential blepharospasm objectively. The protocol analysis of PO is attractive for indirect analysis of blinking.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, CHU Dupuytren, Cedex, France. casse.guillaume@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casse
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Adenis
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sauvage
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001767:Blinking; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A