title: Capsule endoscopy assisted by traditional upper endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Capsule endoscopy (CE) can be prevented by difficulties in swallowing the device and/or its gastric retention. In such cases, endoscopic delivery of the capsule to duodenum is very useful. We describe the indications and outcomes of cases in which traditional endoscopic techniques allowed placement of the capsule in duodenum.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective, descriptive case series. All patients in the above conditions were identified and indications for CE, endoscopic-placement technique, complications and completeness of small bowel imaging were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic-assisted delivery of the capsule was necessary in 13 patients (2.1% of all CE; 7 males; mean age--47.9 +/- 24.9 years, range 13 to 79 years). Indications for endoscopic delivery included: inability to swallow the capsule (7), gastric retention in previous exams (3), abnormal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (3). In eight patients, the capsule was introduced in GI tract with: foreign body retrieval net alone (3), retrieval net and a translucent cap (2), prototype delivery device (2) or a polypectomy snare (1). Five patients ingested the capsule that was then placed in duodenum with a polypectomy snare (3) or a retrieval net (2). No major complications occurred. Complete small bowel examination was possible in 10 patients (77%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic placement of capsule endoscope in the duodenum is rarely needed. However it may be safely performed by different techniques avoiding some limitations of CE. The best methods for endoscopic delivery of the capsule in the duodenum seem to be retrieval net with a translucent cap when the patient is unable to swallow the device or a retrieval net only to capture the capsule in the stomach when the patients swallows it easily.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal. nunoperesalmeida@gmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lérias
authors.forename: Hermano
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Correia Leitão
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004384:Duodenoscopy; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult