title: Aortic and mitral valve atherosclerosis: Predictive factors and associations with coronary atherosclerosis using Gensini score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Valvular atherosclerosis is defined as extra- and intracellular lipid deposition, thickening of the fibrosa layer, decreased thickness of the spongiosa, and chronic inflammation. We sought to identify the predictive factors for valvular atherosclerosis and assess the possible associations between valvular atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis using the Gensini score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and May 2008, 1400 adult patients underwent mitral or aortic valvular surgery with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our center. From the total study population, 68 (4.85%) patients had atherosclerotic valves during histopathological evaluations. Risk factors for valvular atherosclerosis were identified via a comparison between the 68 cases and 115 controls who had valvular surgery without valvular atherosclerotic changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distributions of atherosclerotic changes in the cardiac valves were as follows: 35 (51.5%) patients with aortic atherosclerosis, 27 (39.7%) with mitral atherosclerosis, and 6 (8.8%) with both mitral and aortic valve atherosclerosis. Our univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, smoking habit, and aortic stenosis were significant. According to our multivariate analysis, BMI, smoking habit, diabetes, and aortic stenosis were the risk factors for valvular atherosclerosis. Also, stages of coronary artery atherosclerosis using Gensini score were significantly higher in patients with valvular atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valvular atherosclerotic changes are strongly analogous with coronary atherosclerosis and generalized atherosclerotic processes. Our results also showed that BMI, smoking habit, diabetes, and aortic stenosis were risk factors for valvular atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Surgical and Clinical pathology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran. maryamsotoudeh2006@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maryam Sotoudeh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anvari
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boroumand
authors.forename: Abbasali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: karimi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alidoosti
authors.forename: Parin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yazdanifard
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirzad
authors.forename: Seyed Hesameddin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soleymani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D002784:Cholesterol