title: Detection rate of prostate cancer using prostate specific antigen in patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Need for undertaking prostate biopsies for detection of prostate cancer is often decided on the basis of serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the case detection rate of prostate cancer among patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the basis of PSA levels and to assess the scope of prostate biopsy in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study from a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and histopathological data of 922 patients presenting with LUTS in the last five years was obtained from the medical record section. They had been screened for prostate cancer using PSA and /or digital rectal examination examination followed by confirmation with prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection rate and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed using SPSS 16 and Medcalc softwares.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection rate of prostate cancer according to the PSA levels was 0.6%, 2.3%, 2.5%, 34.1% and 54.9% in the PSA range of 0-4, 4-10, 10-20, 20-50 and> 50 ng/ml, respectively. Maximum prostate cancer cases were detected beyond a PSA value of 20 ng/ml whereas no significant difference in the detection rate was observed in the PSA range of 0-4, 4-10 and 10-20 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low detection rate of prostate cancer observed in the PSA range of 4-20 ng/ml in LUTS patients indicates the need for use of higher cutoff values of PSA in such cases. Therefore we recommend a cutoff of 20 ng/ml of PSA for evaluation of detection rate of prostate cancer among patients presenting with LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai-400 022, India. padmachavan@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Trivedi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D053448:Prostatism / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen