A new stable isotope approach identifies the fate of ozone in plant-soil systems.
* We show that the stable isotope (18)O can be used to trace ozone into different components of the plant-soil system at environmentally relevant concentrations. * We exposed plants and soils to (18)O-labelled ozone and used isotopic enrichment in plant dry matter, leaf water and leaf apoplast, as well as in soil dry matter and soil water, to identify sites of ozone-derived (18)O accumulation. * It was shown that isotopic accumulation rates in plants can be used to infer the location of primary ozone-reaction sites, and that those in bare soils are dependent on water content. However, the isotopic accumulation rates measured in leaf tissue were much lower than the modelled stomatal flux of ozone. * Our new approach has considerable potential to elucidate the fate and reactions of ozone within both plants and soils, at scales ranging from plant communities to cellular defence mechanisms.
Toet
Sylvia
S
Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Subke
Jens-Arne
JA
Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
D'Haese
David
D
School of Biology, Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Ashmore
Mike R
MR
Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Emberson
Lisa D
LD
Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Crossman
Zoe
Z
Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
Evershed
Richard P
RP
Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
Barnes
Jeremy D
JD
School of Biology, Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Ineson
Phil
P
Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
D005651:Fumigation; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D029921:Trifolium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D010126:Ozone