title: The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate?
abstract: Caffeine is a commonly used neurostimulant that also produces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Chronic caffeine use results in an adaptation of the vascular adenosine receptor system presumably to compensate for the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine. We investigated the effects of caffeine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in increasing levels of chronic caffeine use. Low (mean = 45 mg/day), moderate (mean = 405 mg/day), and high (mean = 950 mg/day) caffeine users underwent quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging on four separate occasions: twice in a caffeine abstinent state (abstained state) and twice in a caffeinated state following their normal caffeine use (native state). In each state, there were two drug conditions: participants received either caffeine (250 mg) or placebo. Gray matter CBF was tested with repeated-measures analysis of variance using caffeine use as a between-subjects factor, and correlational analyses were conducted between CBF and caffeine use. Caffeine reduced CBF by an average of 27% across both caffeine states. In the abstained placebo condition, moderate and high users had similarly greater CBF than low users; but in the native placebo condition, the high users had a trend towards less CBF than the low and moderate users. Our results suggest a limited ability of the cerebrovascular adenosine system to compensate for high amounts of daily caffeine use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Merideth A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Addicott
authors.forename: Lucie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peiffer
authors.forename: Luke R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burdette
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maldjian
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Laurienti
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine