title: Nonstandard maternal work schedules during infancy: implications for children's early behavior problems.
abstract: This paper examines the associations between maternal nonstandard work schedules during infancy and children's early behavior problems, and the extent to which infant temperament may moderate these associations. Hypothesized associations were tested using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care (Phase I). Analyses focused on mothers who returned to work by the time the child was 6 months of age, and who worked an average of at least 35h per week from 6 through 36 months. At 24 and 36 months, children whose mothers worked a nonstandard schedule had higher internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Modest, albeit inconsistent, evidence suggests that temperamentally reactive children may be more vulnerable to maternal work schedules. Maternal depressive symptoms partially mediated associations between nonstandard maternal work schedules and child behavior outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. ssdaniel@uncg.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grzywacz
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leerkes
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Wen-Jui
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors