title: Drug use and limited prenatal care: an examination of responsible barriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health belief factors that explain the association between maternal drug use and little or no prenatal care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 812 low-income women who delivered at Johns Hopkins Hospital were administered a postpartum survey. Drug use was determined by self-report, medical record, and toxicologic screens. Medical records were abstracted to determine little or no prenatal care, as defined by </= 1 visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics and cocaine and opiate use were predictive of little or no prenatal care. The effect of cocaine was explained by psychosocial and health belief factors: external locus of control, fear of being reported to police, and disbelief in the efficacy of care. Opiate use remained strongly related to little or no care in fully adjusted models (odds ratio, 3.16; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different outreach and education strategies may be necessary to enroll cocaine- vs opiate-using women into prenatal care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schempf
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Strobino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult