title: [Psychogenic movement disorders].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychogenic movement disorders are movement disorders that cannot be attributed to any known organic disease and which are caused by an underlying psychiatric pathology or are due to voluntary simulation. They account for 1-3% of all movement disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature and to update our knowledge on psychogenic movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review different aspects of psychogenic movement disorders, including their epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and diagnosis by means of complementary tests, types of psychogenic movement disorders, their treatment and prognosis. Psychogenic movement disorders must be diagnosed by a neurologist and it must not be simply a diagnosis of exclusion. The most frequent presenting symptom is tremor and this where most progress has been made, above all in the contributions made by neurophysiological tests to the diagnosis. Few studies have been conducted on specific treatment. It is necessary to treat the underlying psychiatric pathology, and psychotherapy in association with drugs is recommended if needed. The prognosis of psychogenic movement disorders continues to be insufficient, even with suitable treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although in recent years some progress has been made in our knowledge of psychogenic movement disorders, more research is needed to determine the mechanism underlying these pathologies, as well as the techniques and complementary tests that can help reach a diagnosis. Further studies on treatment are also required.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital General de Segovia, Ctra. Ávila, s/n. E-40002 Segovia. ameliamendoza1@terra.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Rodríguez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riveira-Rodríguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castrillo-Sanz
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*