title: Social environmental stressors, psychological factors, and kidney disease.
abstract: Kidney disease is one of the most striking examples of health disparities in American public health. Disparities in the prevalence and progression of kidney disease are generally thought to be a function of group differences in the prevalence of kidney disease risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, the presence of these comorbidities does not completely explain the elevated rate of progression from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease among high-risk populations such as African Americans. We believe that the social environment is an important element in the pathway from CKD risk factors to CKD and end-stage renal disease. This review of the literature draws heavily from social science and social epidemiology to present a conceptual frame specifying how social, economic, and psychosocial factors interact to affect the risks for and the progression of kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
authors.forename: Marino A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Bettina M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Beech
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Tony N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Herman A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology