title: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with overactive bladder and urgency incontinence in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency incontinence (UI) in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective questionnaire study
  
  
  METHODS
  Saarland University Hospital
  
  
  METHODS
  All male patients who underwent full-night in-laboratory polysomnography between November 2006 and April 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, Short-Form (ICIQ-SF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OSAS severity was assessed according to the apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI). Return rate of questionnaires was 100% (n=100). Patients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) served as controls. Evaluation of OABSS revealed that patients with moderate and severe OSAS presented with a significantly higher incidence of symptoms of OAB than patients with mild OSAS and UARS (P<0.05). Further, the ICIQ-SF revealed a higher occurrence of UI in patients with severe OSAS than in those with mild OSAS and UARS (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing severity of OSAS appears to be associated with an increasing occurrence of overactive bladder and urgency incontinence in men. This relationship may have clinical implications for the treatment of affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.kemmer@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kemmer
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mathes
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dilk
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gröschel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stöckle
mesh_terms: D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*