title: Response to ECT in bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A significant body of evidence indicates the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in unipolar depression but mixed results have been reported in bipolar depression. We explored difference of response to ECT in unipolar (UP), bipolar I (BP I) and bipolar II (BP II) depression, in a sample of patients resistant to pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty depressive patients (17 with Major Depression (UP), 67 with bipolar disorder II (BP II) and 46 with bipolar disorder I (BP I) according to DSM-IV criteria) were included in the study and treated with bilateral ECT, on a twice-a-week schedule. The patients were assessed before (baseline) and a week after the ECT course (final score), using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global Improvement (CGI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three groups (UP, BP II, BP I) showed a significant improvement after the ECT course. Global response rate (CGI<2) was 94.1% for UP, 79.1% for BP II and 67.4% for BP I. Concerning depressive symptomatology, the remission rate (HAM-D <8) was respectively 70.5 for UP, 56.7% for BP II and 65.3% for BP I. The best results were achieved by UP patients, while BP I group showed the worst results with a lower remission rate and higher scores in YMRS and BPRS psychotic cluster at the final evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECT turns out to be a viable option for the treatment of both unipolar and bipolar depressive patients resistant to pharmacological treatment. Nevertheless, while the UP group showed the best response and clinical outcomes, the BP I patients tended to exhibit residual manic and psychotic symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotecnology University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perugi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciuffa
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cassano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs