title: Fas ligand is required for the development of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease.
abstract: Children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine experienced enhanced disease and exhibited pulmonary eosinophilia upon natural RSV infection. BALB/c mice immunized with either formalin-inactivated RSV or a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the RSV attachment (G) protein develop extensive pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge that mimics the eosinophilic response observed in the children during the 1960s vaccine trials. Fas ligand (FasL) is a major immune effector molecule that can contribute to the clearance of respiratory viruses. However, the role of FasL in the development of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease has not been elucidated. RSV challenge of vacvG-immunized gld mice, that lack functional FasL, results in diminished systemic disease as well as pulmonary eosinophilia. The magnitude of the secondary RSV G-specific CD4 T cell response was diminished in gld mice as compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, we show that CD4 T cells isolated after RSV challenge of vacvG-immunized gld mice exhibit enhanced expression of Annexin V and caspase 3/7 indicating that FasL is important for either the survival or the expansion of virus-specific secondary effector CD4 T cells. Taken together, these data identify a previously undefined role for FasL in the accumulation of secondary effector CD4 T cells and the development of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Varga
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000235:genetics; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D011657:Pulmonary Eosinophilia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C116204:attachment protein G