title: Normal pressure hydrocephalus or neuroborreliosis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An 80-year-old woman presented with progressive cognitive decline and with a 6-month history of gait ataxia. Brain MRI depicted enlarged ventricles and periventricular lesions. Clinical improvement after CSF spinal tap test suggested a normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome. But CSF pleocytosis with activated lymphocytes and plasma cells and intrathecal Borrelia burgdorferi specific antibody production led to the diagnosis of active Lyme neuroborreliosis. Clinical symptoms of NPH resolved after a course of ceftriaxone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurological examination, MMSE, brain MRI, lumbar puncture, spinal tap test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dementia due Borrelia burgdorferi infection with chronic meningitis was reversible after treatment with iv.2 g ceftriaxone per day for 4 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rare but treatable dementias must be diagnosed promptly to slow down or even reverse cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria. fahmy.aboul-enein@chello.at
authors.forename: Fahmy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aboul-Enein
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kristoferitsch
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D020234:Gait Ataxia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone