title: In vitro and in vivo analysis of [(64)Cu-NO2A-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2)]: a site-directed radiopharmaceutical for positron-emission tomography imaging of T-47D human breast cancer tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human breast cancer, from which the T-47D cell line was derived, is known to overexpress the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in some cases. Bombesin (BBN), an agonist for the GRPR, has been appended with a radionuclide capable of positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging and therapy. (64)Cu-NO2A-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) (NO2A=1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate) has produced high-quality microPET images of GRPR-positive breast cancer xenografted tumors in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The imaging probe was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis followed by manual conjugation of the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) bifunctional chelator and radiolabeling in aqueous solution. The radiolabeled conjugate was subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies to determine its specificity for the GRPR and its pharmacokinetic profile. A T-47D tumor-bearing mouse was imaged with microPET/CT and microMRI imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The (64)Cu-NO2A-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) targeting vector was determined to specifically localize in GRPR-positive tissue. Accumulation was observed in the tumor in sufficient quantities to allow for identification of tumors in microPET imaging procedures. For example, uptake and retention in T-47D xenografts at 1, 4 and 24 h were determined to be 2.27+/-0.08, 1.35+/-0.14 and 0.28+/-0.07 % ID/g, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The (64)Cu-NO2A-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) produced high-quality microPET images. The pharmacokinetic profile justifies investigation of this bioconjugate as a potentially useful diagnostic/therapeutic agent. Additionally, the bioconjugate would serve as a good starting point for modification and optimization of similar agents to maximize tumor uptake and minimize nontarget accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Adam F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Prasanphanich
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Retzloff
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Prasant K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sieckman
authors.forename: Tammy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rold
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Said D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Samantha V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sublett
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001839:Bombesin / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin / Q000032:analysis*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C539792:(64)Cu-NO2A-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2); D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin; D001839:Bombesin