title: Intimate partner violence and correlates in pregnant HIV positive Nigerians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence, types and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnant Nigerian living with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV positive pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large HIV comprehensive treatment centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study of 652 HIV positive pregnant Nigerians seen at Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria over a 24 months period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of intimate partner violence after HIV diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the women interviewed, 423 (65.8%) reported abuse. In 74.0% of abused women, the abuse started after HIV diagnosis. Though having a HIV negative spouse and disclosure of HIV status were associated with abuse, only having a HIV negative partner retained its association with IPV (OR 3.1; CI 2.4-5.3) after controlling for confounding variables. Sixty-two (9.6%) women have not disclosed their HIV status because of fear of rejection. Verbal abuse (51.7%), threat of violence in 97 (22.9%) and sexual deprivation in 91 (21.5%) were the common forms of abuse reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV is common among HIV positive pregnant Nigerians; with a threefold increased risk in women in HIV serodiscordant relationship.
authors.affiliation: Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. oezechi@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Oliver Chukwujekwu
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ezechi
authors.forename: Chidinma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gab-Okafor
authors.forename: Dan I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Onwujekwe
authors.forename: Rosemary A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adu
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amadi
authors.forename: Ebiere
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herbertson
mesh_terms: D018585:Battered Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires