title: Metabolism of berry anthocyanins to phenolic acids in humans.
abstract: We studied the metabolism of berry anthocyanins to phenolic acids in six human subjects by giving them bilberry-lingonberry puree with and without oat cereals. Puree + cereals contained 1435 micromol of anthocyanins and 339 micromol of phenolic acids. The urinary excretion of measured 18 phenolic acids increased 241 micromol during the 48 h follow-up after the puree + cereals supplementation. The excretion peak of dietary phenolic acids was observed at 4-6 h after the puree + cereals supplementation and 2 h earlier after the supplementation of the puree alone. Homovanillic and vanillic acids were the most abundant metabolites, and they were partly produced from anthocyanins. No gallic acid, a fragmentation product of delphinidin glycosides, was detected, and only a very low amount of malvidin glycosides was possibly metabolized to syringic acid. Although anthocyanins were partly fragmented to phenolic acids, still a large part of metabolites remained unknown.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Public Health, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mursu
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.forename: Raimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
mesh_terms: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D018554:Avena; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D029800:Vaccinium myrtillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D029801:Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000872:Anthocyanins; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D014641:Vanillic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid; D006719:Homovanillic Acid