title: Hyperhomocysteinemia, paraoxonase concentration and cardiovascular complications in Tunisian patients with nondiabetic renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We determine homocysteine levels (Hcy), paraoxonase (PON1) concentration and their relationship on cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic renal disease (CRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 100 CRD patients and 120 healthy controls. Renal function was assessed using the eGFR by the MDRD study equation. Patients were considered to have CRD when the eGFR was <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Hcy concentrations were determined by direct chemiluminescence assay. PON1 concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using phenylacetate as a substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found an increased Hcy levels and a decreased eGFR and PON1 concentration in CRD patients compared to the control group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively). Patients with cardiovascular complications showed an increased Hcy levels and a lower PON1 concentration than patients without cardiovascular complications (P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that hyperhomocysteinemia and low PON1 concentration are associated with CRD and markedly associated in patients with cardiovascular complications. Additional effects contribute to the severity of renal disease and increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit 03/UR/08-14, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000-Monastir, Tunisia. Mohsen.kerkeni@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerkeni
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Letaief
authors.forename: Abdellatif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achour
authors.forename: Abdelhedi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miled
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trivin
authors.forename: Khira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maaroufi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014416:Tunisia; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D014805:Vitamin B 12