title: SMI of Bcl-2 TW-37 is active across a spectrum of B-cell tumors irrespective of their proliferative and differentiation status.
abstract: The Bcl-2 family of proteins is critical to the life and death of malignant B-lymphocytes. Interfering with their activity using small-molecule inhibitors (SMI) is being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for treating B-cell tumors. We evaluated the efficacy of TW-37, a non-peptidic SMI of Bcl-2 against a range spectrum of human B-cell lines, fresh patient samples and animal xenograft models. Multiple cytochemical and molecular approaches such as acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay for apoptosis, co-immunoprecipitation of complexes and western blot analysis, caspase luminescent activity assay and apoptotic DNA fragmentation assay were used to demonstrate the effect of TW-37 on different B-cell lines, patient derived samples, as well as in animal xenograft models. Nanomolar concentrations of TW-37 were able to induce apoptosis in both fresh samples and established cell lines with IC50 in most cases of 165-320 nM. Apoptosis was independent of proliferative status or pathological classification of B-cell tumor. TW-37 was able to block Bim-Bcl-XL and Bim-Mcl-1 heterodimerization and induced apoptosis via activation of caspases -9, -3, PARP and DNA fragmentation. TW-37 administered to tumor-bearing SCID mice led to significant tumor growth inhibition (T/C), tumor growth delay (T-C) and Log10kill, when used at its maximum tolerated dose (40 mg/kg x 3 days) via tail vein. TW-37 failed to induce changes in the Bcl-2 proteins levels suggesting that assessment of baseline Bcl-2 family proteins can be used to predict response to the drug. These findings indicate activity of TW-37 across the spectrum of human B-cell tumors and support the concept of targeting the Bcl-2 system as a therapeutic strategy regardless of the stage of B-cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. alkatib@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Ayad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Katib
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Anton Scott
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goustin
authors.forename: Asfar Sohail
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Azmi
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Amro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aboukameel
authors.forename: Ramzi M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mohammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015448:Leukemia, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013450:Sulfones; C515128:TW-37 compound