Lowering blood pressure blocks mesangiolysis and mesangial nodules, but not tubulointerstitial injury, in diabetic eNOS knockout mice.
Recently, we and others reported that diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOSKO) mice develop advanced glomerular lesions that include mesangiolysis and nodular lesions. Interestingly, insulin treatment lowered blood pressure and prevented renal lesions, raising the question as to whether these beneficial effects of insulin were due to its ability to lower either high glucose levels or high blood pressure. We, therefore, examined the effect of lowering blood pressure using hydralazine in this diabetic eNOSKO mouse model. Hydralazine treatment significantly blocked the development of mesangiolysis and microaneurysms, whereas tubulointerstitial injury was not prevented in these mice. Additionally, hydralazine did not reduce expression levels of either tubulointerstitial thrombospondin-1 or transforming growth factor-beta despite controlling blood pressure. On the other hand, the critical role of high glucose levels on the development of tubulointerstitial injury was suggested by the observation that serum glucose levels were correlated with tubulointerstitial injury, as well as with the expression levels of both transforming growth factor-beta and thrombospondin-1. Importantly, controlling blood glucose with insulin completely blocked tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic eNOSKO mice. These data suggest that glomerular injury is dependent on systemic blood pressure, whereas hyperglycemia may have a more important role in tubulointerstitial injury, possibly due to the stimulation of the thrombospondin-1-transforming growth factor-beta pathway in diabetic eNOSKO mice. This study could provide insights into the pathogenesis of advanced diabetic nephropathy in the presence of endothelial dysfunction.
Kosugi
Tomoki
T
Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Heinig
Marcelo
M
Nakayama
Takahiro
T
Connor
Thomas
T
Yuzawa
Yukio
Y
Li
Qiuhong
Q
Hauswirth
William W
WW
Grant
Maria B
MB
Croker
Byron P
BP
Campbell-Thompson
Martha
M
Zhang
Li
L
Atkinson
Mark A
MA
Segal
Mark S
MS
Nakagawa
Takahiko
T
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D006830:Hydralazine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III