title: Nonkinase activity of MLCK in elongated filopodia formation and chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells toward sphingosylphosphorylcholine.
abstract: The actin-myosin interaction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is regulated by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is a fusion protein of the central catalytic domain with the N-terminal actin-binding and C-terminal myosin-binding domains. In addition to the regulatory role of kinase activity mediated by the catalytic domain, nonkinase activity that derives from both terminals is able to exert a regulatory role as reviewed by Nakamura et al. (32). We previously showed that nonkinase activity mediated the filopodia upon the stimulation by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) (25). To explore the regulatory role of nonkinase activity in chemotaxis, we constructed VSMCs where the expression of MLCK was totally abolished by using a lentivirus-mediated RNAi system. We hypothesized that the MLCK-downregulated VSMCs were unable to form filopodia and to migrate upon SPC stimulation and confirmed the hypothesis. We further constructed a kinase-inactive mutant from bovine cDNA coding wild-type (WT) MLCK by mutating the ATP-binding sites located in the catalytic domain, followed by confirming the presence (absence) of the kinase activity of WT (kinase-inactive mutant). We transfected WT and the mutant into MLCK-downregulated VSMCs. We expected that the transfected VSMCs will recover the ability to induce filopodia and chemotaxis toward SPC and found both constructs rescued the ability. Because they share the actin- and myosin-binding domains, we concluded nonkinase activity plays a major role for SPC-induced migration.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma Univ. Graduate School of Medicine 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hong Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ryoki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohama
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C005356:sphingosine phosphorylcholine; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D024462:Myosin Type II; D013110:Sphingosine