Organohalogen compounds in human breast milk from mothers living in Payatas and Malate, the Philippines: levels, accumulation kinetics and infant health risk.
Human breast milk samples (n=33) from primipara and multipara mothers from Payatas a waste dump site, and Malate a reference site in the Phillipines were collected in 2004 and analyzed for eight organohalogen compounds, viz., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, HCHs, HCB, TCPMe, PBDEs and HBCDs. DDTs and PCBs were predominant in all the samples. Overall mean concentrations of PBDEs found in our study were higher (7.5 ng/g lipid wt.) than those reported for Japan and many other Asian countries. Primipara mothers had significantly higher levels of DDTs, CHLs and HCHs than multipara mothers, but not PBDEs and HBCDs. A few individuals accumulated CHLs close to or even higher than the tolerable daily intake guidelines proposed by Health Canada.
Malarvannan
Govindan
G
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.
Kunisue
Tatsuya
T
Isobe
Tomohiko
T
Sudaryanto
Agus
A
Takahashi
Shin
S
Prudente
Maricar
M
Subramanian
Annamalai
A
Tanabe
Shinsuke
S
D000367:Age Factors; D002706:Chlordan / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003906:Developing Countries; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010298:Parity; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010679:Philippines; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D018505:Waste Management
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002706:Chlordan; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls