title: Case series: ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block using a curvilinear probe in 104 day-case hand surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experiences regarding the implementation of a combined ultrasound and nerve stimulation guidance technique for supraclavicular blockade in day-case hand surgery patients at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 104 patient charts from the first 6 months of our clinical practice of using this block approach for upper extremity surgery. Block success, completion and recovery time, post-block analgesia requirement, acute complication rate, and duration of hospital stay were evaluated and categorized based on the practitioner who performed the block (fellow/staff anesthesiologists and residents), as well as the body mass index of the patient (when available). During the performance of each block, the brachial plexus was viewed using a curvilinear probe, and the needle was advanced in-plane in an anterolateral-to-posteromedial direction. The plexus, needle, and spread of local anesthetic could be clearly visualized in each case. Surgical regional anesthesia was achieved in 94.2% of blocks. The block was the sole method of postoperative analgesia in 85.6% of patients, and the overall block completion time was 20.2 +/- 9.2 min. There were no occurrences of clinical pneumothorax during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report our successful experience using ultrasound guidance and nerve stimulation during supraclavicular blockade. The curvilinear probe enables a large field of view, adequate resolution in larger patients, and excellent needle visibility that allows access to the plexus while avoiding the pleura and subclavian artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta Hospitals, 8-120 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3. btsui@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Ban C H
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Kinny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dillane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local