title: ISL-1 is induced in stomach mesenchyme in the presence of pancreatic epithelia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  beta-Cell replacement offers a potential cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. We have previously shown that stomach mesenchyme (SM) is competent to derive islet tissue by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (iMET). The aim of this study was to further characterize the developmental fate of this SM in the presence of pancreatic epithelia (PE) in SM/PE recombinants. The homeobox ISL-1 was examined in these recombinants because this gene is restricted to the dorsal pancreatic mesenchyme and endocrine cells in early pancreatic development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chick-quail recombinants of SM + PE (n = 15) and whole stomach controls (n = 8) were cultured for 7 days. In addition, organ blocks were examined after normal development at days 4 to 10 (n = 4 for each stage). Tissues were analyzed using immunochemistry against quail-specific antigen and ISL-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 15 SM + PE recombinants expressed the ISL-1 protein in cells from SM origin. Nine of 15 of these recombinants showed iMET and coexpression of insulin, and ISL-1 was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatic epithelium is able to reprogram SM to a more caudal pancreatic fate when cocultured. Islet tissue by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition observed in recombinants showed coexpression of insulin and ISL-1. These experiments are important to identify the molecular mechanisms behind iMET for potential therapeutic use for treating children with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Autumn M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rowan-Hull
authors.forename: Roheet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Paul R V
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D011784:Quail / Q000196:embryology; D013270:Stomach / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D018183:Transplantation Chimera
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C063843:insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1