title: Sex difference in the prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis in Japanese patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke patients often develop deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), a potential cause of pulmonary thromboembolism. Little information is available on DVT in Asian patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled consecutive acute ICH patients. The main exclusion criteria were neurosurgical treatment, early death and coagulation disorders. DVT was evaluated using venous duplex ultrasonography on the day of admission, as well as 7 and 14 days later. Underlying characteristics, stroke features and laboratory data on admission were compared between patients who developed DVT by 14 days and those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 81 (50 men, mean age 65 years, median NIH Stroke Scale, NIHSS, score 12) of 117 Japanese ICH patients were enrolled. DVT was detected in 4 patients on admission and was newly detected in 9 at 7 days. By 14 days, 17 patients (21%) were diagnosed as having DVT without thromboembolic complications, although 1 patient developed pulmonary thromboembolism. DVT was detected in the soleal veins of all 17 patients, followed by the peroneal veins (7 patients). After adjustment for age and related confounders, female sex was the only independent predictor for DVT (odds ratio 6.89, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.56-36.34, p = 0.014). Female patients with an initial NIHSS score > or =12 had 19 times the risk for DVT compared to men with an NIHSS score <12 (95% CI 2.61-213.77, p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DVT formation was not rare in Japanese ICH patients. Contrary to previous findings reported from western countries, female sex was strongly associated with DVT formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Division, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toratani
authors.forename: Sohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naritomi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minematsu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*