title: Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in persons with hepatitis C virus infection or HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transient elastography is a novel, noninvasive method for staging liver fibrosis. We compared elastography with histologic methods among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV-coinfected participants in an urban, predominantly black study population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants recruited from the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience and the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort studies underwent elastography to determine liver stiffness measurements. Liver biopsy specimens were staged F0-F4 in accordance with the Metavir score. Diagnostic accuracy and determination of liver stiffness cutoff values, compared with histologic methods, were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Logistic regression methods identified parameters associated with discordant classification status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 192 participants, 139 (72%) were coinfected with HIV and HCV, 121 (63%) had insignificant fibrosis, and 48 (25%) had cirrhosis. Overall, the area-under-the-curve receiver operating characteristic was 0.87 for detection of both significant fibrosis (95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.92) and cirrhosis (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.93). With use of cutoff values of 9.3 kPa for fibrosis and 12.3 kPa for cirrhosis, 79%-83% of participants were correctly classified by liver stiffness measurement (compared with histologic methods); accuracy appeared to be higher among HIV-uninfected participants than among HIV-infected participants. Most discordance occurred when liver stiffness measurements indicated liver disease and histologic examination did not (in 16% of participants); the patients with these discordant results were more likely to have attributes that increased the odds of significant fibrosis, such as elevated serum fibrosis markers or HIV-related immunosuppression, compared with persons in whom low fibrosis was predicted by both examination of a biopsy specimen and elastography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For most HCV-infected persons, fibrosis stage predicted by elastography is similar to that predicted by examination of a biopsy specimen. Elastography-based measurement of liver stiffness holds promise to expand liver disease screening and monitoring, particularly among injection drug users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. gkirk@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Jacquie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Astemborski
authors.forename: Shruti H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Chuck
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spoler
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Danisha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nezem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afdhal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torbenson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulkowski
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index