title: Histologic evaluation of the diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves of horses without clinical signs of laminitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the histologic diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves from horses without clinical signs of laminitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed samples of stratum internum obtained from the mid region of the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall from the forelimbs of 35Thoroughbred cadavers (including foals [n = 9], yearlings [5], 2 year olds [6], racing horses [5], and mares [10]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded laminar tissues were stained with H&E for the evaluation of architectural variety of primary epidermal laminae (PEL) and secondary epidermal laminae (SEL). For detection of cytokeratin (CK) expression in epidermal laminae, immunohisto-chemical staining was performed by use of anti-CK14 and anti-CK8.12 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphology of the PEL, SEL, and tips of PEL was classified into 3, 5, and 3 patterns, respectively. Differences in the predominant type of SEL depended on their location with respect to the laminar interface. In SEL attached to the sides of PEL, the basal cells were immunoreactive to CK14 and CK8.12, which was interpreted as a normal pattern. In some SEL at the tips of PEL, the suprabasal cells expressed CK14, CK8.12, or both, which constituted a hyperplastic pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The histologic diversity of epidermal laminae from hooves of Thoroughbreds was attributable to the combined morphology of PEL and SEL. Detection of hyperplastic changes in the laminar interface does not justify a diagnosis of laminitis because such changes can develop independent of clinical disease. The classification system used here should aid investigators in making a more accurate histologic evaluation of laminae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasako
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaji
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006736:Horses; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins