title: Effects of cigarette smoking on the human urinary proteome.
abstract: In this pilot study we used a proteomic approach to compare the urinary protein patterns of healthy smokers and non-smokers. Proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. The relative abundance of three inflammatory proteins (S100A8, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4, CD59) and that of two isoforms of pancreatic alpha amylase was significantly higher in smokers. Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein was the only protein down-regulated in smokers. Its abundance was significantly correlated with urinary glucocorticoids. Most of the proteins identified may be non-specific biomarkers of tobacco effects, since they are involved in inflammatory responses associated with several diseases. Of greater interest are the changes in abundance of pancreatic alpha amylase and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, which after proper validation, might be candidate biomarkers of diseases resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. The data also show for the first time that smoking can affect the expression profile of urinary proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via Giuseppe La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. airoldi@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Airoldi
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magagnotti
authors.forename: Angela Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marelli
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagnati
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santaguida
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiabrando
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiarea
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome