title: [Increase of interleukin-1 beta, gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum and brain of mice infected with the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus].
abstract: Considerable efforts have been directed to clarify the main protective and recovery mechanisms in acute viral infections and, the possible role of the cytokines involved in the primary immune response induced by an epizootic strain of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) virus. This study examined the levels of TH1 cytokines Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), TH2 cytokines Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in serum and brain of mice infected with the VEE virus during different post infection periods. NMRI albino male mice infected with a suspension (10 DL50) of the Guajira strain of the VEE virus, and a control group (without infection) were used. At one, 3 and 5 days post-infection, whole blood and brains were extracted to obtain sera and brain homogenates, respectively. IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-beta and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. A significant increment in the levels of IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was observed (p<0.01) in serum and brain homogenates at 1, 3 and 5 day post-infection, when compared with the control group. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 did not show any significant statistical difference when compared to the controls. These results suggest that IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, could be involved in the early immunitary response to VEE virus during the primary infection.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Virología, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Ambrico Negrette, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela. nere98@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nereida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valerol
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: Luz Marina
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Espina
authors.forename: Mery
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: Florencio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.forename: Alegría
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bermudez
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meleán
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma