title: Predictors of compliance with antihypertensive therapy in a high-risk medicaid population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of compliance with antihypertensive combination therapy in a Medicaid population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical and pharmacy claims data for Maryland Medicaid patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEls)/hydrochlorothiazides (HCTZs) or ACEl/calcium channel blockers as fixed-dose combinations or separate agents during the period of January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004, were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuously enrolled patients 18 years and older and at least one year of follow-up. Exclusion: Use of fixed-dose combination antihypertensives between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2002 (to identify incident cohort). Compliance was defined as medication possession ratio greater than or equal to 80%. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict compliance as a function of age, gender, race, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]), and use of either fixed-dose combination or separate agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 568 patients, 63.73% female, 68.83% African American, median age 52 years, 35.56% on fixed-dose combinations, 72.89% started on ACEI/HCTZ, and 24.82% complied with therapy. Patients younger than 40 years (OR, 0.38; p = .01; 95% CI, 0.18-0.81) and African American (OR, 0.45; p = .0004; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70) were less likely to be compliant than patients older than 60 years and Caucasian, respectively, Patients with a CCI of 1 (OR, 2.11; p = .05; 95% CI, 1.01-4.40) and those on fixed-dose combinations (OR, 1.60; p = .02, 95% CI, 1.06-2.40) were more likely to be compliant than those with higher CCIs and on separate agents, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, race, comorbidities, and simplified antihypertensive regimens were significant predictors of compliance. Higher compliance rates may enhance cardiovascular disease management outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 220 Arch St, 12th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. fshaya@rx.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Fadia T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Shaya
authors.forename: Dongyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Confidence M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gbarayor
authors.forename: Feride
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frech-Tamas
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations