title: Changing demographics in patients with vascular disease.
abstract: The United States population with vascular disease has changed dramatically during the past 2 decades, with large increases in the proportion of Hispanic, African American, and other minority patients. Not only has the number of these patients increased, but the types and distribution of vascular disease in minority populations is also different from that encountered in non-Hispanic whites. Although genetic makeup accounts for some of these differences, access to vascular care is also an important determinant, with many minority patients presenting late in the course of the disease process. These factors create significant challenges for the vascular specialists caring for these patients. The vascular surgery workforce is composed of >90% white men and does not currently represent the changes in the population of patients with vascular disease. In addition, women with vascular disease comprise up to 50% of many vascular surgery practices. In many parts of the country, Hispanics and African Americans outnumber non-Hispanic whites with vascular disease. Yet, women and minority physicians are still significantly under-represented in the field of vascular surgery. This year's E. Stanley Crawford Critical Issues Forum at the Society for Vascular Surgery meeting addressed the disconnect between the vascular surgery workforce and the patients whom we serve. This article reviews the projected demographic changes in the population of the United States, which supports the need for training a vascular surgery workforce that is more diverse. This article also reviews the current status of minority and female representation in medical schools, surgical training programs, and vascular surgery programs in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ckwolek@partners.org
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kwolek
authors.forename: G Patrick
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Clagett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002321:Career Choice; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult