title: Automated frame-by-frame endocardial border detection from cardiac magnetic resonance images for quantitative assessment of left ventricular function: validation and clinical feasibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a technique based on image noise distribution for automated endocardial border detection from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images throughout the cardiac cycle, validate it, and test its clinical utility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images obtained in 36 patients were analyzed using custom software to obtain left ventricular (LV) volume throughout the cardiac cycle, end-systolic and end-diastolic LV volumes, and ejection fraction (EF). Validation against manually-traced endocardial boundaries included intertechnique comparisons of LV volumes, slice areas, and border positions. Then, the clinical feasibility of the dynamic automated analysis of LV function was tested in 14 patients with normal LV function, 12 patients with systolic dysfunction, and 10 patients with diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis time for one cardiac cycle was <15 minutes. Intertechnique comparisons resulted in high correlation (r>0.96), small biases (volumes: -6 mL; EF: 4.6%) and narrow limits of agreement (volumes: 17.6 mL; EF: 9.2%). We found significant intergroup differences in multiple quantitative indices of systolic and diastolic function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fast, automated, dynamic detection of LV endocardial boundaries is feasible and allows accurate quantification of LV size and function, which is potentially clinically useful for objective assessment of systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Computer Science, and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. cristiana.corsi3@unibo.it
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Dianna M E
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bardo
authors.forename: Ernest B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mor-Avi
mesh_terms: D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left