title: Risk factors for early primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: a registry study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a leading cause of early morbidity and mortality in lung transplantation. We sought to identify risk factors for PGD using the United Network for Organ Sharing/International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant (UNOS/ISHLT) Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6984 lung transplants between 1994 and 2002 were available for analysis. Potential risk factors were tested for association with PGD and multivariable logistic regression was applied to adjust for confounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of PGD was 10.7% (95% CI 9.9-11.4). In multivariable analyses, factors independently associated with PGD were donor age >45 yr (p < 0.001); donor head trauma (p = 0.03); recipient body mass index >25 kg/m(2) (p = 0.005); recipient female gender (p = 0.001); use of Eurocollins preservation solution (p = 0.001); single lung transplant (p = 0.005); increased ischemic time (p < 0.001); and elevated recipient pulmonary artery systolic pressure at transplant (p < 0.001). Recipient transplant diagnosis was strongly associated with PGD, with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension (p < 0.001 for both), and idiopathic (p < 0.001) or secondary pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.011) as significant and independent risk factors for PGD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for PGD in the UNOS/ISHLT registry are consistent with prior smaller studies. Recipient, donor, and therapy variables are independently associated with PGD, as defined in a large registry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadjiliadis
authors.forename: Vivek N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Ahya
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kotloff
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pochettino
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D012042:Registries; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult