Thrombosis and antithrombotic therapy in women.
Sex-based differences in the prevalence and presentation of arterial and venous thrombosis exist, and emerging data indicate that men and women do not accrue equal benefit from antithrombotic therapy. Sex hormones alter procoagulant protein expression and the function of blood and vascular cells. Sex-based differences in platelet function have been reported, and in animal models, sex-based differences in thrombosis have been noted. Here we review plausible mechanisms that may explain how sex functions as a modifier of thrombosis and summarize clinical data on the interaction between sex and response to antithrombotic therapy.
Bailey
Alison L
AL
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Scantlebury
Dawn C
DC
Smyth
Susan S
SS
D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016387:Women's Health
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors