title: Prospective assessment of malnutrition in urologic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between malnutrition and poor patient outcome has been established for different medical fields. There is a general lack of data on the prevalence of malnutrition in urologic patients. An assessment of malnutrition is needed to raise awareness of this condition and to initiate nutrition therapy if needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nutritional state of 897 patients was assessed prospectively using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS) at a urologic department. Recruitment started in January 2007 and closed in July 2007. Of the 897 patients, 751 were men (84%) and 146 (16%) were women. The median age was 66 years (range 18-98). Of the 897 patients, 441 presented with benign disease and 456 with malignant disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A severe risk of malnutrition was diagnosed in 144 patients (16%; NRS score >or=3). The NRS score was 0, 1-2, and 3-5 in 45, 708, and 144 patients, respectively. Age and malignant disease were significant risk factors for malnutrition (P < .001). Also, the type of surgery was significantly associated with the risk of malnutrition (P < .001). Sex and body mass index had no significant influence. Of the patients with an NRS score of >or=3, 94% presented with >or=1 of the 3 risk factors: older age, open surgery, and/or malignant disease (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, 16% of urologic patients were at a severe risk of malnutrition according to the NRS 2002. Older age, type of procedure, and malignant disease proved to be significant factors for a greater risk of malnutrition. Adequate nutritional supportive therapy should be considered in these patients to optimize their clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. alexander.karl@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rittler
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchner
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fradet
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: G Christian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Stief
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult