title: Elevated p21-activated kinase 2 activity results in anchorage-independent growth and resistance to anticancer drug-induced cell death.
abstract: p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK-2) seems to be a regulatory switch between cell survival and cell death signaling. We have shown previously that activation of full-length PAK-2 by Rac or Cdc42 stimulates cell survival, whereas caspase activation of PAK-2 to the proapoptotic PAK-2p34 fragment is involved in the cell death response. In this study, we present a role of elevated activity of full-length PAK-2 in anchorage-independent growth and resistance to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Hs578T human breast cancer cells that have low levels of PAK-2 activity were more sensitive to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis and showed higher levels of caspase activation of PAK-2 than MDA-MB435 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that have high levels of PAK-2 activity. To examine the role of elevated PAK-2 activity in breast cancer, we have introduced a conditionally active PAK-2 into Hs578T human breast cells. Conditional activation of PAK-2 causes loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth of Hs578T cells. Furthermore, conditional activation of PAK-2 suppresses activation of caspase 3, caspase activation of PAK-2, and apoptosis of Hs578T cells in response to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which full-length PAK-2 activity controls the apoptotic response by regulating levels of activated caspase 3 and thereby its own cleavage to the proapoptotic PAK-2p34 fragment. As a result, elevated PAK-2 activity interrupts the apoptotic response and thereby causes anchorage-independent survival and growth and resistance to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Gerald T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Montano
authors.forename: Yu-Wen E
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakobi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D020169:Caspases