title: Structure and promoter characterization of aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 gene.
abstract: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma in smokers. Our recent studies have showed that AKR1B10 plays a critical role in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by detoxifying reactive carbonyls and regulating fatty acid biosynthesis. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of AKR1B10 expression. In this study, we determined the structure of AKR1B10 gene and characterized its promoter. The results demonstrated that AKR1B10 consists of 10 exons and 9 introns, stretching approximately 13.8 kb. A 5'-RACE study determined the transcriptional start site of AKR1B10 at 320 bp upstream of the ATG translational start codon. A TATA-like (TAATAA) and a CAAT box are present from -145 to -140 bp and -193 to -190 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, respectively. Motif analysis recognized multiple putative oncogenic and tumor suppressor protein binding sites in the AKR1B10 promoter, including c-Ets-1, C/EBP, AP-1, and p53, but osmolytic response elements were not found. A -4091 bp of the 5'-flanking fragment of the AKR1B10 gene was capable of driving GFP and luciferase reporter gene expression in HepG2 cells derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma; progressive 5'-deletions revealed that a -255 bp fragment possesses full promoter activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
authors.forename: Ziwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Paulette A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Krishack
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Julia X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yupei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Deliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D001483:Base Sequence; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: C120471:AKR1B10 protein, human; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase