title: Chorioamnionitis induced by intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide resulted in an interval-dependent increase in central nervous system injury in the fetal sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We quantified the impact of chorioamnionitis on both the white and gray matter structures of the preterm ovine central nervous system (CNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The CNS was studied at 125 days of gestation, either 2 or 14 days after the intraamniotic administration of 10 mg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Escherichia coli) or saline. Apoptotic cells and cell types were analyzed in the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptosis and microglial activation increased in all regions with prolonged exposure to LPS-induced chorioamnionitis. Astrocytes were increased in the brain and cerebellum of LPS-exposed fetuses but not in the spinal cord. Mature oligodendrocytes decreased in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter, the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, and hippocampus 14 days after LPS. Neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra were reduced 14 days after LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal inflammation globally but differentially affected the CNS depending on the maturational stage of the brain region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, University Hospital Maastricht, in collaboration with the Research Institute of Growth and Development (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A W Danilo
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gavilanes
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strackx
authors.forename: Boris W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gantert
authors.forename: Daniël
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van den Hove
authors.forename: Hellen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cornips
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vles
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides