title: Three-dimensional imaging as a pre-operative tool in decision making for furcation surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in assessing furcation involvement (FI) and concomitant treatment decisions in maxillary molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were consecutively recruited and CBCT was performed in maxillary molars (n=22) with clinical FI and increased probing pocket depths. CBCT images were analysed and FI, root length supported by bone and anatomical features were evaluated. FI and treatment recommendations based on clinical examinations and periapical radiographs were compared with data derived from CBCT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated degree of FI based on clinical findings was confirmed in 27% of the sites, while 29% were overestimated and 44% revealed an underestimation according to CBCT analyses. Among degree I FI, 25% were underestimated, among degree II and II-III, the underestimation was as high as 75%, while all sites with degree III FI were confirmed in the CBCT. Discrepancies between clinically and CBCT-based therapeutic treatment approaches were found in 59-82% of the teeth, depending on whether the less invasive or the most invasive treatment recommendation was selected for comparison.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT images of maxillary molars may provide detailed information of FI and a reliable basis for treatment decision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Dogan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaner
authors.forename: Dorothea C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiger
authors.forename: Nicola U
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Zitzmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D005260:Female; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning