Calcium and cyclic nucleotides affect TNF-alpha-induced stem cell migration.
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of calcium, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) on embryonic stem cell (ESC) motility during TNF-alpha-induced chemotaxis. ESCs were monitored using a chemotaxis chamber, with different concentrations of calcium or cAMP or cGMP added to the medium. Changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) were measured with the fluorescent dye fura-2/AM. We combined migratory parameters in a mathematical model and described it as "mobility". After adding calcium, a dose-dependant increase in cell speed was found. Cyclic AMP increased mobility as well as the [Ca(2+)](i). In contrast, adding dbcGMP resulted in a significant decrease in the mobility of the ESCs. During migration ESCs showed an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Furthermore, TNF-alpha dramatically increased the movement as well as the directionality of ESCs. These results demonstrate that ESCs are highly motile and respond to different concentrations of calcium in a dose-related manner.
Kaplan
Emel
E
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. E.Kaplan@cardio.umcn.nl
Min
Jiang-Yong
JY
Ke
Qingen
Q
Chen
Yu
Y
Niethammer
Marc
M
Rana
Jamal S
JS
Malek
Sohail
S
Verheugt
Freek W A
FW
Morgan
James P
JP
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology
D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium