title: A strategy for identifying circulating placental RNA markers for fetal growth assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether circulating placental mRNAs in maternal plasma could serve as markers for the assessment of fetal growth or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
  
  
  METHODS
  From a panel of placental transcripts detectable in maternal plasma identified by microarray previously, we chose growth-related transcripts, namely CSH1, GH2, KISS1, and ADAM12, as potential growth markers. Relationships between the maternal plasma mRNA concentrations with several fetal growth indicators were studied. Maternal plasma mRNA concentrations from IUGR pregnancies with or without pre-eclampsia (PET) were compared with gestational age matched controls cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The four transcripts were quantified by one-step real-time RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal plasma GH2 mRNA significantly correlated with birth weight and fetal biometric measurements. Maternal plasma ADAM12 mRNA concentration was significantly higher in IUGR with PET than normal pregnancies in the cross-sectional comparison. No significant difference was observed for all markers between IUGR without PET and controls in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents a potential strategy in identifying surrogate markers for the study of fetal growth. Circulating GH2 mRNA in maternal plasma appeared to be associated with fetal growth. The utility of this strategy and the currently assessed markers could be explored in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Winnie W I
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Michelle H Y
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Daljit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahota
authors.forename: Tak Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Tze K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Y M Dennis
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Rossa W K
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005865:Gestational Age; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005326:Fetal Proteins; C106628:KISS1 protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; C000606480:ADAM12 protein, human