title: Physiological effects of tricyclazole on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and post-exposure recovery.
abstract: Short-term effects of tricyclazole on male zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiology were examined joint to the degree of recovery after exposure. Fish were exposed to 142 microg/L (1/100 LC(50)-96 h) of tricyclazole for 7 (Exp.1) and 14 days (Exp.2) and then allowed to recover for 7 or 14 more days, respectively. Whole-body triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, lactate and total proteins were measured as well as the aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as biomarkers of intermediary metabolism; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) as biomarker of oxidative detoxification processes and vitellogenin (Vtg) concentration as endpoint for endocrine disruptor effect were also determined. Corpulence factor (k) was calculated. Fungicide exposure in zebrafish resulted in an increased of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and lactate levels, however the total protein content did not change. LDH, AlAT and AAT enhanced while AP activity decreased. Corpulence factor (k) also decreased. At the end of the recovery periods cholesterol and glucose levels recovered whereas triglycerides and lactate continued to elevate. Induced disorders on the selected enzymes remained and did not recover at the end of experiments. Fish exhibited significant increases of Vtg during the overall experimental times as a consequence of the fungicide exposure. These findings are of importance in the assessment of the potential risk of new fungicides as tricyclazole on aquatic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. encarna.sancho@uv.es
authors.forename: Encarna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Vega
authors.forename: M A José
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Villarroel
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreu-Moliner
authors.forename: M A Dolores
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferrando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013844:Thiazoles; C041191:tricyclazole