Practical chemical sensors from chemically derived graphene.
We report the development of useful chemical sensors from chemically converted graphene dispersions using spin coating to create single-layer films on interdigitated electrode arrays. Dispersions of graphene in anhydrous hydrazine are formed from graphite oxide. Preliminary results are presented on the detection of NO(2), NH(3), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene using this simple and scalable fabrication method for practical devices. Current versus voltage curves are linear and ohmic in all cases, studied independent of metal electrode or presence of analytes. The sensor response is consistent with a charge transfer mechanism between the analyte and graphene with a limited role of the electrical contacts. A micro hot plate sensor substrate is also used to monitor the temperature dependence of the response to nitrogen dioxide. The results are discussed in light of recent literature on carbon nanotube and graphene sensors.
Fowler
Jesse D
JD
Materials Processing and Evaluation Department, Space Materials Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 92957/M2-248, Los Angeles, California 90009, USA.
Allen
Matthew J
MJ
Tung
Vincent C
VC
Yang
Yang
Y
Kaner
Richard B
RB
Weiller
Bruce H
BH
D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D004566:Electrodes; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature
D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D053834:Explosive Agents; D006834:Hydrazines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C029424:hydrazine; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide