title: Perceived discrimination against diabetics in the workplace and in work-related insurances in Switzerland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of perceived diabetes-related discrimination in the workplace and in work-related insurances in persons with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  509 insulin-treated diabetic subjects representative of the northwestern Swiss population responded to a self-report questionnaire on perceived diabetes-related discrimination in the workplace and in work-related insurances (salary loss insurance, supplementary occupational plan). Discrimination was defined as being treated differently at least once in relation to diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reported rates of different aspects of discrimination in the workplace and in work-related insurances ranged between 5-11% and 4-15% respectively. Risk factors that independently increased the risk of not being hired due to diabetes were the presence of at least two severe hypoglycaemic events/year and relevant diabetic complications (OR 5.6 and OR 2.6 respectively; both<0.05). The presence of at least two severe hypoglycaemic events/year was also associated with an increased risk of losing one's job (OR 6.5, <0.01). Overweight or obesity were related to increased discrimination in work-related insurances (OR for denial 2.1-2.4; OR for reserve 3.9-4.4; all<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived diabetes-related discrimination in the workplace and by work-related insurances is a common problem. In the light of our findings the introduction of effective non-discrimination legislation for patients with chronic illnesses appears to be desirable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Piera M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nebiker-Pedrotti
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Iselin
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pärli
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caplazi
authors.forename: Jardena J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Puder
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007341:Insurance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011287:Prejudice; D012307:Risk Factors; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D017132:Workplace