title: Contribution of flagellin pattern recognition to intestinal inflammation during Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium causes acute inflammatory diarrhea in humans. Flagella contribute to intestinal inflammation, but the mechanism remains unclear since most mutations abrogating pattern recognition of flagellin also prevent motility and reduce bacterial invasion. To determine the contribution of flagellin pattern recognition to the generation of innate immune responses, we compared in two animal models a nonmotile, but flagellin-expressing and -secreting serotype Typhimurium strain (flgK mutant) to a nonmotile, non-flagellin-expressing strain (flgK fliC fljB mutant). In vitro, caspase-1 can be activated by cytosolic delivery of flagellin, resulting in release of the interferon gamma inducing factor interleukin-18 (IL-18). Experiments with streptomycin-pretreated caspase-1-deficient mice suggested that induction of gamma interferon expression in the murine cecum early (12 h) after serotype Typhimurium infection was caspase-1 dependent but independent of flagellin pattern recognition. In addition, mRNA levels of the CXC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine were markedly increased early after serotype Typhimurium infection of streptomycin-pretreated wild-type mice regardless of flagellin expression. In contrast, in bovine ligated ileal loops, flagellin pattern recognition contributed to increased mRNA levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha and more fluid accumulation at 2 h after infection. Collectively, our data suggest that pattern recognition of flagellin contributes to early innate host responses in the bovine ileal mucosa but not in the murine cecal mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616-8645, USA.
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Parameth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiennimitr
authors.forename: Sean-Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nuccio
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: R Paul
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Quynh T
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Sara D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawhon
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bevins
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rüssmann
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Monack
authors.forename: L Garry
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bäumler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005408:Flagellin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D007082:Ileum / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005408:Flagellin; D020170:Caspase 1