title: Green and black tea consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experimental models of stroke provide consistent evidence of smaller stroke volumes in animals ingesting tea components or tea extracts. To assess whether a similar association of black or green tea consumption with reduced risk is evident in human populations, we sought to identify and summarize all human clinical and observational data on tea and stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed and Web of Science for all studies on stroke and tea consumption in humans with original data, including estimation or measurement of tea consumption and outcomes of fatal or nonfatal stroke. Data from 9 studies involving 4378 strokes among 194 965 individuals were pooled. The main outcome was the occurrence of fatal or nonfatal stroke. We tested for heterogeneity and calculated the summary effect estimate associated with consumption of >or=3 cups of tea (green or black) per day using random-effects and fixed-effects models for the homogeneous studies. Publication bias was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of their country of origin, individuals consuming >or=3 cups of tea per day had a 21% lower risk of stroke than those consuming <1 cup per day (absolute risk reduction, 0.79; CI, 0.73 to 0.85). The proportion of heterogeneity not explained by chance alone was 23.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a randomized clinical trial would be necessary to confirm the effect, this meta-analysis suggests that daily consumption of either green or black tea equaling 3 cups per day could prevent the onset of ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736, USA. Larab@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Lenore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D013662:Tea