title: Characterization of resistance to the prolactin-lowering effects of cabergoline in macroprolactinomas: a study in 122 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macroprolactinomas poorly responsive to dopamine-agonists are often more aggressive and are usually termed 'resistant' but this clinical concept has always been defined empirically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define resistance to cabergoline (CAB) on the basis of a dose-response relationship established in a large series of macroprolactinoma patients and to assess the influence of gender and tumor invasiveness on the response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-two patients (72 women and 50 men) primarily treated with CAB for at least 1 year were included. Main outcome measures were serum prolactin (PRL) and tumor size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normalization of PRL was obtained in 115 out of the 122 patients (94%). The majority of patients (96/115, 83%) were controlled with a CAB dose < or =1.5 mg/week. Most of the other patients (19/26) had only a partial resistance, responding to a further increase of the CAB dose. Beyond the dose of 3.5 mg/week, there was no clear advantage in further increasing the dose instead of continuing the treatment at the same dose. Most tumors (98/119 assessable cases, 82%) showed a significant shrinkage during CAB treatment. It was more likely to occur in cases of PRL normalization. Both cavernous sinus invasion and male gender were significantly and independently associated with partial or complete resistance to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most macroprolactinomas primarily treated with CAB are adequately controlled with doses < or =1.5 mg/week. About 20% of patients, mainly men and/or those with invasive tumors will require a higher dose of CAB. We suggest defining such patients as resistant to CAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, Mont-Godinne Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-5530 Mont-sur-Meuse, Belgium. etienne.delgrange@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgrange
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daems
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhelst
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abs
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maiter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077465:Cabergoline; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004873:Ergolines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004873:Ergolines; D011388:Prolactin; D000077465:Cabergoline