title: The ftsZ gene of the endocellular bacterium 'Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum' is preferentially expressed during the symbiotic phases of its host mycorrhizal fungus.
abstract: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM) Gigaspora margarita consistently hosts bacteria, named 'Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum,' inside its cytoplasm. Endobacteria have a positive impact on fungal fitness during the presymbiotic phase, prior to plant roots colonization. We tested the hypothesis that the endobacterium and its cell divisions depend on fungal metabolism, mirroring also the events of the fungal life cycle which are influenced by plant signals. We first cloned a fragment of ftsZ, a marker gene for bacterial division, and then analyzed its expression along the different stages of fungus development. The bacterial gene transcripts showed the highest values when the fungus was associated to the plant, and peaked in the extraradical mycelium. Strigolactones, which are known to stimulate the AM fungal growth, caused a significant transcript increase in the germinated spores in the absence of the plant. The quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction data were strengthened by the quantification of the dividing bacteria, which were increasing in number in germinating spores after the strigolactone treatment. The bioactive molecule alone did not cause any change in the number of bacteria after their isolation from the fungus, thus showing that the strigolactone alone cannot confer free-living capacities to the bacterium.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Torino, Dip. Biologia Vegetale, V. le P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Iulia-Andra
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Anca
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lumini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghignone
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvioli
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bianciotto
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfante
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D042521:Burkholderiaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria