title: Silencing of TMS1/ASC promotes resistance to anoikis in breast epithelial cells.
abstract: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by ductal epithelial cells that have filled the luminal space of the breast duct and survive despite loss of extracellular matrix contact. In normal epithelial cells, the loss of such contact triggers a form of apoptosis known as detachment-induced apoptosis or "anoikis." TMS1/ASC is a bipartite adaptor molecule that participates in inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Epigenetic silencing of TMS1 has been observed in a significant proportion of human breast and other cancers, but the mechanism by which TMS1 silencing contributes to carcinogenesis is unknown. Here, we examined the role of TMS1 in anoikis. We found that TMS1 expression is induced in response to loss of substratum interactions in breast epithelial cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TMS1 leads to anoikis resistance, due in part to the persistent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and an impaired ability to up-regulate the BH3-only protein Bim. We further show that the detachment-induced cleavage of procaspase-8, a newly described mediator of cellular adhesion, is significantly inhibited in the absence of TMS1. These data show a novel upstream role for TMS1 in the promotion of anoikis, and suggest that silencing of TMS1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer by allowing epithelial cells to bypass cell death in the early stages of breast cancer development. This conclusion is supported by in vivo data showing that TMS1 is selectively down-regulated in the aberrant epithelial cells filling the lumen of the breast duct in a subset of primary DCIS lesions.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Pritty
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brat
authors.forename: Laronna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colbert
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vertino
mesh_terms: D023102:Anoikis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C402202:PYCARD protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases