title: Vernonia cinerea L. scavenges free radicals and regulates nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines profile in carrageenan induced paw edema model.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the medicinal plant, Vernonia cinerea L (Asteraceae) using in vitro as well as in vivo models. Methanolic extract of Vernonia cinerea was found to scavenge the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction (IC(50)130 microg/ml), Superoxide generated by photo reduction of riboflavin (IC(50)190 microg/ml) and inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly (IC(50)130.5 microg/ml). The drug also scavenged nitric oxide (IC(50)210 microg/ml). Intraperitoneal administration of Vernonia cinerea was found to inhibit the PMA induced Superoxide generation in mice peritoneal macrophages. The administration of Vernonia cinerea to mice significantly increased the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S transferase in blood and liver, whereas lipid peroxidation activity was significantly decreased. It was also found that Vernonia cinerea extract significantly inhibited carrageenan induced inflammation, compared with control models. Down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine level and gene expression were also support the above result.
authors.affiliation: Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Kerala State, India.
authors.forename: P Pratheesh
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuttan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D035741:Vernonia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004798:Enzymes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D002351:Carrageenan; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate