title: An unusual cause of chylothorax after Norwood stage one reconstruction.
abstract: We report an unusual cause of prolonged chylothorax drainage after Norwood stage one reconstruction. This 1-month-old girl's chylous drainage was refractory to medical treatment. Echocardiography revealed thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Upon sternotomy to remove the thrombus, we were surprised to find the ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) tube previously used for selective cerebral perfusion compressing the innominate vein and the pericardium-based aortic arch. We performed a superior vena cava thrombectomy and shortened the ePTFE tube. Her chylothorax subsided gradually. We suggest that external compression of the venous drainage system should be considered in patients with prolonged chylothorax drainage. Once medical treatment fails, early surgical exploration may be helpful to stop the chylothorax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital-Branch for Women and Children, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C-A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E-T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000601:surgery; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010496:Pericardium / Q000637:transplantation; D010690:Phlebography; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013907:Thoracostomy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency