title: AlphaB-crystallin: a Golgi-associated membrane protein in the developing ocular lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  All crystallins have non-crystallin catalytic functions. Because catalytic functions do not require large concentrations of protein, as are seen in the lens, there is a perception of dichotomy in the catalytic/physiological function of crystallins within and outside the lens. The status of alphaB-crystallin, a ubiquitously expressed small heat shock protein (and a crystallin) in the ocular lens, was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discontinuous sucrose density gradients were used for fractionation of Golgi membranes and vesicles. Light microscopy and confocal microscopy were used for immunolocalization in cultured cells and the native lens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  alphaB-crystallin is highly organized, as indicated by its polar presence in the apical Golgi in lens epithelium and in the perinuclear Golgi streaks in differentiating lens fiber cells. Assessment of the distribution of alphaB-crystallin in Golgi-enriched and vesicular fractions (characterized by the presence of Golgi membrane protein GM130 and vesicle coat protein gammaCOP) in the developing lens reveal a gradual transition from Golgi to vesicular fraction, concomitant with the appearance of alphaB-crystallin as a "soluble" protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that alphaB-crystallin, known to be a soluble protein, starts life as a Golgi-associated membrane protein in the fetal and early postnatal lens and that the developmentally controlled physical state of the Golgi determines the status of this protein in the lens. These findings also show the similarity in the localization/physiological function of alphaB-crystallin within and outside the ocular lens and suggest that non-crystallin/catalytic function is an innate component of the expression of a crystallin in the lens.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Rajendra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gangalum
authors.forename: Suraj P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bhat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D037281:Calnexin / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C097741:Golgin subfamily A member 2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain; D037281:Calnexin; D020126:Brefeldin A; D045304:Cytochromes c