title: Effect of treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D on the severity of premenstrual syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of dydrogesterone and calcium plus vitamin D in women with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 180 Shiraz University students with PMS used questionnaires daily to rate their symptoms for 2 menstrual cycles. Then, the students were randomly assigned to take a tablet containing either 5 mg of dydrogesterone, 500 mg of calcium plus 200 mg of vitamin D, or a placebo twice daily from the 15th to the 24th day of the cycle for 2 more cycles, and to use the same questionnaires during the intervention cycles. The collected data were then analyzed by repeated-measurement design and multilevel modeling tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D decreased symptom severity in a similar way (by 4.64% and 4.20%, respectively) and placebo was associated with a 3.42% decrease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D had a similar effect on symptom severity in women with PMS.
authors.affiliation: Fatemeh College of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khajehei
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdali
authors.forename: Mohammad Ebrahim
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Parsanezhad
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tabatabaee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins; D014807:Vitamin D; D004394:Dydrogesterone; D002118:Calcium