title: A novel model of ischemic enteritis induced in rats by stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We established a new model of ischemic enteritis in rats and evaluated its usefulness for screening prophylactic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SD rats were used after 18 h of fasting. Under ether anesthesia, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was exposed, and a calibrated stenosis was produced by placing a needle on a blood vessel, ligating both the vessel and needle, and then removing the needle from the ligature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stenosis caused severe damage on the anti-mesenteric side of the small intestine within 3 days; the severity of the damage increased with the gauge of a needle. No damage occurred in the small intestine following the stenosis with a needle of less than 21 gauge. Multiple hemorrhagic lesions occurred at an incidence of 100% when a 23-gauge needle was used. The development of enteritis was accompanied by enterobacterial invasion in the mucosa, with an up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. The ischemia-induced enteritis was significantly prevented by repeated treatment with aminoguanidine (a selective iNOS inhibitor), L-NAME (a nonselective NOS inhibitor), ampicillin, and aztreonam (a gram-negative bacterium antibiotic), but not vancomycin (a gram-positive bacterium antibiotic).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that a novel model of ischemic enteritis is induced in rats by stenosis of the SMA, this model may be useful for screening drugs against ischemic enteritis, and gram-negative bacteria as well as iNOS/NO are involved in the pathogenesis of enteritis in this model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Yoshino
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004751:Enteritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II