title: Circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) independently predict depressive symptom severity after 12 months in heart failure patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether inflammatory markers prospectively predict depressive symptom severity 12 months later in heart failure (HF) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 HF patients we assessed depressive symptom severity by the Beck depression inventory (BDI) at baseline as well as 12 months later. We measured circulating levels of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sICAM-1 (r=.38, p=.045) but not CRP or IL-6 correlated with BDI scores 12 months later. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that independent of baseline BDI assessment, cardiovascular risk factors, indicators of HF disease severity, and medication intake, sICAM-1 significantly predicted BDI scores 12 months later. sICAM-1 independently explained between 7% (beta=.26, p=.040) and 10% (beta=.35, p=.045) of the total variance in BDI scores 12 months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this exploratory analysis suggest that the adhesion molecule sICAM-1 is an independent predictor of depressive symptoms 12 months later in HF patients. Our prospective findings support the suggested role for inflammation in increasing future depressive symptom severity and extend this linkage for the first time to HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Redwine
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Suzi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: Barry H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1