title: Effects of aging on the immunopathologic response to sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aging is associated with increased inflammation following sepsis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this represents a fundamental age-based difference in the host response or is secondary to the increased mortality seen in aged hosts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal laboratory in a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young (6-12 weeks) and aged (20-24 months) FVB/N mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were subjected to 2 x 25 or 1 x 30 cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival was similar in young mice subjected to 2 x 25 CLP and aged mice subjected to 1 x 30 CLP (p = 0.15). Young mice subjected to 1 x 30 CLP had improved survival compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). When injury was held constant but mortality was greater, both systemic and peritoneal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were elevated 24 hours after CLP in aged animals compared with young animals (p < 0.05). When mortality was similar but injury severity was different, there were no significant differences in systemic cytokines between aged mice and young mice. In contrast, peritoneal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in aged mice subjected to 1 x 30 CLP than young mice subjected to 2 x 25 CLP despite their similar mortalities (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in either bacteremia or peritoneal cultures when animals of different ages sustained similar injuries or had different injuries with similar mortalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aged mice are more likely to die of sepsis than young mice when subjected to an equivalent insult, and this is associated with increases in both systemic and local inflammation. There is an exaggerated local but not systemic inflammatory response in aged mice compared with young mice when mortality is similar. This suggests that systemic processes that culminate in death may be age independent, but the local inflammatory response may be greater with aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Isaiah R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Woolsey
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coopersmith
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D051379:Mice; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology*