title: Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized with glycosaminoglycans having distinctive biological activities.
abstract: Metal nanoparticles have been studied for their anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory efficacy in various models. Specifically, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit properties that make these ideal candidates for biological applications. The typical synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles incorporates contaminants that could pose further problems. Here we demonstrate a clean method of synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles that exhibit biological functions. These nanoparticles were prepared by reducing AuCl(4) and AgNO(3) using heparin and hyaluronan as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The particles show stability under physiological conditions and narrow size distributions for heparin particles and wider distribution for hyaluronan particles. Studies show that the heparin nanoparticles exhibit anticoagulant properties. Additionally, either gold- or silver-heparin nanoparticles exhibit local anti-inflammatory properties without any significant effect on systemic hemostasis upon administration in carrageenan-induced paw edema models. In conclusion, gold and silver nanoparticles complexed with heparin demonstrated effective anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory efficacy, having potential in various local applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Ashavani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shaymaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Tae-Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Pulickel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ajayan
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubotera
authors.forename: Shaker A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D002351:Carrageenan; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006493:Heparin