Internalization of swine vesicular disease virus into cultured cells: a comparative study with foot-and-mouth disease virus.
We performed a comparative analysis of the internalization mechanisms used by three viruses causing important vesicular diseases in animals. Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) internalization was inhibited by treatments that affected clathrin-mediated endocytosis and required traffic through an endosomal compartment. SVDV particles were found in clathrin-coated pits by electron microscopy and colocalized with markers of early endosomes by confocal microscopy. SVDV infectivity was significantly inhibited by drugs that raised endosomal pH. When compared to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the early step of SVDV was dependent on the integrity of microtubules. SVDV-productive endocytosis was more sensitive to plasma membrane cholesterol extraction than that of FMDV, and differential cell signaling requirements for virus infection were also found. Vesicular stomatitis virus, a model virus internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, was included as a control of drug treatments. These results suggest that different clathrin-mediated routes are responsible for the internalization of these viruses.
Martín-Acebes
Miguel A
MA
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
González-Magaldi
Mónica
M
Vázquez-Calvo
Angela
A
Armas-Portela
Rosario
R
Sobrino
Francisco
F
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
D002966:Clathrin; D002784:Cholesterol