title: Transcription deregulation at the 15q25 locus in association with lung adenocarcinoma risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We characterized the candidacy of the six candidate genes mapping in the chromosome 15q25 locus, which was previously reported as associated with lung cancer risk, and confirmed the locus association with lung cancer risk in an Italian population of lung adenocarcinoma patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a quantitative analysis of mRNA levels of IREB2 (iron-responsive element-binding protein 2), LOC123688, PMSA4 [proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit alpha type 4], CHRNB4 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4), CHRNA3 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3), and CHRNA5 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5) genes in paired normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissue, and an immunohistochemical localization of CHRNA3- and CHRNA5-encoded proteins. We also examined the association of CHRNA5 D398N polymorphism with lung cancer risk and with CHRNA5 mRNA levels in the normal lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression analysis of the six candidate genes mapping in the lung cancer risk-associated chromosome 15q25 locus revealed a 30-fold up-regulation of the gene encoding the CHRNA5 subunit and a 2-fold down-regulation of the CHRNA3 subunit in lung adenocarcinoma as compared with the normal lung. The expression of the four other candidate genes resulted either unchanged or absent. The carrier status of the 398N allele at the D398N polymorphism of the CHRNA5 gene was associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0) in a population-based series of lung adenocarcinoma patients (n=467) and healthy controls (n=739). Analysis of a family-based series of nonsmoker lung cancer cases (n=80) and healthy sib controls (n=80) indicated a similar trend. In addition, the same D398N variation correlated with CHRNA5 mRNA levels in normal lung of adenocarcinoma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results point to the candidacy of the CHRNA5 gene for the 15q25 locus.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Felicia S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Falvella
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galvan
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frullanti
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinola
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calabrò
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Incarbone
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pastorino
authors.forename: Tommaso A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dragani
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D035942:Iron Regulatory Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D035942:Iron Regulatory Protein 2; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C447158:CHRNA5 protein, human; C447159:CHRNB4 protein, human