title: Illness perceptions, affective response, and health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine how health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depression, and anxiety change over the first 12 months following diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). In addition, we also aimed to investigate whether illness perceptions and beliefs about medication at the time of diagnosis are associated with HRQoL and affective response over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients [mean (S.D.) age of 71.4 (9.1) years; 45 (64.3%) were men] with 'lone' AF completed the Beck Depression Inventory Short Form (BDI-SF-13), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Short-Form Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-36), Illness Perception Questionnaire, and Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire at baseline and the BDI-SF-13, STAI, PSS, and SF-36 at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis of AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lone AF patients reported few depressive symptoms, while anxiety symptoms predominated, with a prevalence of elevated state anxiety (STAI-S > or =40) of 38.5%, 30.9%, and 35.7% at baseline and at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in the levels of depression and mean levels of state and trait anxiety, perceived stress, and HRQoL (except for an increase in energy and decline in general health perception) over time. Baseline state and trait anxiety afforded the best prediction of state anxiety trajectory over 12 months (42% and 5%, respectively). The number of symptoms patients perceived as attributable to AF and specific concerns relating to their medication, at baseline, were independent predictors of physical health trajectories over 12 months after adjustment for age, gender, and AF type (P=.01) and together accounted for 15% of the variance in the slope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety appears to be the main affective response to diagnosis of AF in a cohort of patients without other associated comorbidities. Patients' perceptions of their symptoms and concerns about the necessity of medication at diagnosis should be specifically addressed as part of their medical management.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK. deirdre.lane@swbh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Langman
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouwen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012803:Sick Role
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents