title: Covariation bias for social events and signs of (dis)approval in high and low socially anxious individuals.
abstract: In two covariation bias experiments, we investigated whether socially anxious women overestimate the contingency between social events and signs of rejection and/or to underestimate the contingency between social events and approval. Participants were exposed to descriptions of ambiguous or negative social events, situations involving animals, and nature scenes that were randomly paired with disgusting, happy, and neutral faces. Socially anxious participants reported enhanced belongingness between ambiguous events and signs of rejection, together with reduced belongingness between negative events and approval. This contributes to previous findings suggesting that socially anxious individuals suffer from fear-confirming interpretive biases. There was no evidence for enhanced negative or reduced positive covariation bias in socially anxious individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Developmental Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. p.j.de.jong@rug.nl
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Victorine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Graaf-Peters
authors.forename: Wiljo J P J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Hout
authors.forename: Rineke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Wees
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012931:Social Environment