title: Effects of different periods of renal ischemia on liver as a remote organ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the hepatic changes after induction of different periods of renal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to either sham operation or ischemia (30, 45 and 60 min) followed by 60 min reperfusion. Liver and renal functional indices were measured. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power levels and the concentration of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were evaluated. Portions of liver and kidney tissues were fixed for histological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five minutes renal ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion caused significant changes in liver structure and a significant reduction in renal function. These rats showed a significant decrease in liver GSH, as well as a significant increase in TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentrations. These results demonstrated that renal ischemia caused changes in liver histology, function, oxidative stress and inflammatory status, which led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant capacity. With 30 min ischemia, the magnitude of these changes was less than those with 45 or 60 min ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minimum of 45 min ischemia is needed to study the effects of renal injury on the liver as a remote organ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6447 Tehran, Iran. kadkhodm@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadkhodaee
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golab
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahmatkesh
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghaznavi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedayati
authors.forename: Hossein Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: Seyed Naser
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ostad
authors.forename: Manoocher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D012079:Renal Circulation; D015424:Reperfusion
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione