An update on bone substitutes for spinal fusion.
With the current advances in spinal surgery, an understanding of the precise biological mechanism of each bone substitute is necessary for inducing successful spinal fusion. In this review, the categories of bone substitutes include allografts, ceramics, demineralized bone matrix, osteoinductive factors, autogenous platelet concentrate, mesenchymal stem cells, and gene therapy. Further, clinical studies have been evaluated by their levels of evidence in order to elucidate the precise effect of the bone substitute employed and to establish clinical guidance. This article will review both clinical studies based on evidence and basic research in current advances in order to avoid as far as possible any chances of failure in the future and to understand cellular biology in novel technologies.
Miyazaki
Masashi
M
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
Tsumura
Hiroshi
H
Wang
Jeffrey C
JC
Alanay
Ahmet
A
D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor