title: Genetic analysis of ryanodine receptor 1 gene and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene: an autopsy case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome related to vegetamin.
abstract: We report an autopsy case of a man in his forties who died 2 days after taking an overdose of vegetamin. The autopsy findings were as follows: externally, the upper epidermis of some parts of the body had become loosened. The epidermis was easily detached from the dermis using the fingers. Viscous fluid adhered around the nose and mouth. The brain was edematous and weighed 1520 g. Skeletal muscle was discolored. The urine was a slightly red-tinged yellow. The organs showed congestion. Urine tests: urea nitrogen: 1.95 g/day; creatinine: 0.66 g/day; urine myoglobin: 1100 ng/mL. Blood level of drugs: phenobarbital: 38.2 microg/ml; promethazine: 2.22 microg/ml; chlorpromazine: 0.96 microg/ml. Immunohistochemistry identified myoglobin in the kidney. From these findings, his cause of death was considered to be vegetamin-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. Mutation of the ryanodine receptor 1 gene is associated with malignant hyperthermia. However, there was no mutation which causes amino acid substitution in the three hot-spot regions of the ryanodine receptor 1 gene. Partial deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II is the commonest cause of recurrent rhabdomyolysis in adults. The subject was found to be heterozygous for an amino acid exchange in exon 4, (1203)G-->A causing a (368)Val-->Ile amino acid substitution. It is necessary to examine other candidate gene mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. miyoshi@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsusue
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kageura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotohda
authors.forename: Itsuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nisimura
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000473:pathology; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000506:poisoning*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004817:Epidermis / Q000473:pathology; D005091:Exons; D053803:Forensic Genetics; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009212:Myoglobinuria / Q000209:etiology; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D009929:Organ Size; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000506:poisoning*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D013405:Suicide; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; C515390:vegetamin; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D009584:Nitrogen; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D010634:Phenobarbital