title: Evaluating the applicability of optic microswitches for eyelid responses in students with profound multiple disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The two studies reported here served as replication and extension of preliminary research on the use of optic microswitches for eyelid responses with students with profound multiple disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Study I, a young boy was taught to use the same combination of upward eyelid movement and optic microswitch utilized before. In Study II, an adolescent was taught to use a new combination of single blink response and optic microswitch. Study I included an ABAB sequence (in which A represented baseline and B intervention phases) and post-intervention checks. Study II included four phases assessing the effects of baseline, intervention, and non-contingent stimulation conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of Study I showed that the boy displayed high frequencies of the upward eyelid response during the intervention phases and post-intervention checks (suggesting learning effects). The results of Study II showed that the adolescent performed the single blink response at a significantly higher frequency during intervention as opposed to the other conditions (again suggesting learning effects).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of Study I and Study II provide encouraging new evidence, with potentially important practical implications, about the applicability of eyelid responses and optic microswitches for students with profound multiple disabilities and minimal motor behaviour.
authors.affiliation: University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tota
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lancioni
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sigafoos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors