title: HPV infection among women in a representative rural and suburban population of the USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of low-risk and high-risk HPV genotypes in a largely suburban, non-Hispanic, white female population of the USA, and to determine the positive predictive value of one-occasion HPV detection and genotyping using high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology as the endpoint for clinical evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV DNA present in liquid-based cytology specimens collected by gynecologists in private practice was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction. HPV DNA was validated by signature DNA sequencing for accurate genotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2633 specimens, 278 were positive for HPV DNA of any genotype. Among 255 single HPV infections, the most prevalent genotype was HPV-16 (n=50; 19.6%), followed by HPV-52 (n=24; 9.4%). Only 10 specimens, all positive for a high-risk HPV, were associated with an HSIL cytology result. Among them were 6 of the 50 specimens (12%) tested positive for HPV-16. One novel HPV-39 variant was detected in repeat testing in a patient with persistent HPV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DNA sequencing is a useful method for increasing the specificity of HPV genotyping as an aid to follow persistent high-risk HPV infections to reduce excessive colposcopies in populations with low cancer prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA. sinhang.lee@milfordhospital.org
authors.forename: Sin Hang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Veronica S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Vigliotti
authors.forename: Suri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pappu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral