title: Long-acting insulin analogues vs. NPH human insulin in type 1 diabetes. A meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Basal insulin in type 1 diabetes can be provided using either NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) human insulin or long-acting insulin analogues, which are supposed to warrant a better metabolic control with reduced hypoglycaemic risk. Aim of this meta-analysis is the assessment of differences with respect to HbA1c (Glycated hemoglobin), incidence of hypoglycaemia, and weight gain, between NPH human insulin and each long-acting analogue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 285 randomized controlled trials with a duration > 12 weeks comparing long-acting insulin analogues (detemir or glargine) with NPH insulin in type 1 diabetic patients identified through Medline search and searches on www.clinicaltrials.gov, 20 met eligibility criteria (enrolling 3693 and 2485 in the long-acting analogues and NPH group respectively). Data on HbA1c and body mass index at endpoint, and incidence of any, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia, were extracted and meta-analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-acting analogues had a small, but significant effect on HbA1c [-0.07 (-0.13; -0.01)%; p = 0.026], in comparison with NPH human insulin. When analysing the effect of long-acting analogues on body weight, detemir was associated with a significantly smaller weight gain than human insulin [by 0.26 (0.06;0.47) kg/m2; p = 0.012]. Long-acting analogues were associated with a reduced risk for nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia [OR (Odd Ratio, 95% Confidence Intervals) 0.69 (0.55; 0.86), and OR 0.73 (0.60; 0.89) respectively; all p < 0.01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The switch from NPH to long-acting analogues as basal insulin replacement in type 1 diabetic patients had a small effect on HbA1c, and also reduced the risk of nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marchionni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting