title: Urine levels of drugs for which Triage DOA screening was positive.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between urine levels of target drugs of abuse for which Triage DOA gave positive results, as well as the cut-off levels for these drugs. Thirty-eight forensic urine samples positive for commonly abused drugs were involved. Of these samples, 12 were positive for barbiturates (BAR), 11 for benzodiazepines (BZO), 8 for opiates (OPI), 7 for amphetamines (AMP), and 4 for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). In the BAR-positive urine samples, phenobarbital, amobarbital or barbital was detected at concentrations higher than cut-off levels. In the BZO-positive samples, diazepam, nordiazepam, triazolam, nitrazepam and/or midazolam was detected at concentrations lower than cut-off levels; in the triazolam-involved urine, alpha-hydroxytriazolam, a metabolite of triazolam, showed concentrations higher than cut-off level. In the AMP-positive samples, methamphetamine was detected at concentrations higher than cut-off level. Urine samples positive for OPI contained total dihydrocodeine, codeine or morphine at concentrations higher than cut-off levels. In TCA-positive samples, amitriptyline was detected at concentrations higher or lower than cut-off level, and clomipramine was detected at a concentration much lower than cut-off level. Metabolites of BZO and TCA, which are not typically analyzed by instrumental procedures, may cross-react to varying degrees with the antibodies used for Triage DOA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0193, Japan. moriyaf@mw.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriya
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000652:urine*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000652:urine*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000652:urine*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines