title: Macroporous hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Part 6: 3D hydrogels with positive and negative surface charges and polyelectrolyte complexes in spinal cord injury repair.
abstract: Macroporous hydrogels are artificial biomaterials commonly used in tissue engineering, including central nervous system (CNS) repair. Their physical properties may be modified to improve their adhesion properties and promote tissue regeneration. We implanted four types of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with different surface charges inside a spinal cord hemisection cavity at the Th8 level in rats. The spinal cords were processed 1 and 6 months after implantation and histologically evaluated. Connective tissue deposition was most abundant in the hydrogels with positively-charged functional groups. Axonal regeneration was promoted in hydrogels carrying charged functional groups; hydrogels with positively charged functional groups showed increased axonal ingrowth into the central parts of the implant. Few astrocytes grew into the hydrogels. Our study shows that HEMA-based hydrogels carrying charged functional groups improve axonal ingrowth inside the implants compared to implants without any charge. Further, positively charged functional groups promote connective tissue infiltration and extended axonal regeneration inside a hydrogel bridge.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic. ales.hejcl@mnul.cz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hejcl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lesný
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prádný
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sedý
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zámecník
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jendelová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michálek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Syková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D008689:Methacrylates; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate