title: Mutations in LAMB2 causing a severe form of synaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe a severe form of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) associated with congenital nephrosis and ocular malformations caused by two truncating mutations in the gene encoding the laminin beta2 subunit (LAMB2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutational analysis in the affected patient, who has a history of a serious untoward reaction to treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibition, revealed two frame-shifting heteroallelic mutations, a maternally inherited 1478delG and a paternally inherited 4804delC. An anconeus muscle biopsy demonstrated a profound distortion of the architecture and function of the neuromuscular junction, which was strikingly similar to that seen in mice lacking laminin beta2 subunit. The findings included: pronounced reduction of the axon terminal size with encasement of the nerve endings by Schwann cells, severe widening of the primary synaptic cleft and invasion of the synaptic space by the processes of Schwann cells, and moderate simplification of postsynaptic folds and intact expression of the endplate acetylcholinesterase. The endplate potential quantal content was notably reduced, while the frequencies and amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials were only moderately diminished and the decay phases of miniature endplate potentials were normal. Western blot analysis of muscle and kidney tissue and immunohistochemistry of kidney tissue showed no laminin beta2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case, which represents a new type of synaptic CMS, exemplifies the wide variability of phenotypes associated with LAMB2 mutations and underscores the fundamental role that laminin beta2 plays in the development of the human neuromuscular junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. ramaselli@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cagney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hamid
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wollmann
mesh_terms: D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D020294:Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007797:Laminin; C058783:laminin beta2