title: Effect of chemical enhancers on percutaneous  absorption of daphnetin in isopropyl myristate vehicle  across rat skin in vitro.
abstract: The percutaneous absorption properties of daphnetin with chemical penetration enhancers were investigated to explore the feasibility of daphnetin as a candidate for transdermal delivery to treat arthritis. Permeation experiments were carried out in vitro using 2-chamber diffusion cells in isopropyl myristate (IPM) vehicle using rat abdominal skin as a barrier. Various enhancers were employed, including O-acylmenthol derivatives synthesized in the laboratory and many conventional enhancers. Among the O-acylmenthol derivatives, 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxypanoate (M-LA) demonstrated a significant enhancing effect on daphnetin permeation. The highest degree of enhancement was obtained when NMP combined with Span 80 and the cumulative transport was 667.29 microg/cm(2) over 8 h. The solubility parameters, vehicle/stratum corneum partition, and diffusion coefficients were calculated to clarify the enhancing mechanism of classic enhancers on daphnetin. In conclusion, these findings allow a rational approach for designing an effective daphnetin transdermal delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Ziyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zhonggui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008297:Male; D009226:Myristates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009226:Myristates; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D014468:Umbelliferones; C008205:isopropyl myristate; C039952:daphnetin