title: Risk factors for scleral buckle removal: a matched, case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative risk factors for scleral buckle (SB) removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, consecutive, matched, case-control study. Cases included all patients undergoing SB removal between 1988 and 2007 at a single academic center. Case patients were matched against 4 randomly selected control patients who underwent SB implantation during the same year as the case patients. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each factor investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty cases of SB removal and 148 matched control cases were identified. Three cases of SB removal were omitted from analysis because of incomplete records. Factors associated with SB removal for any reason, according to univariate analysis, included concurrent globe-penetrating injury at the time of SB placement (OR, 24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-200), concurrent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (OR, 17.3; CI, 4.9-61), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 7.3; CI, 1.8-30), prior long-term topical ocular therapy (OR, 4.3; CI, 1.7-11), and subsequent ocular procedures (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.5-7.5). Factors independently associated with SB removal according to multivariate analysis included concurrent globe-penetrating injury (OR, 27.3; CI, 1.7-426), concurrent PPV (OR, 11.3; CI, 2.9-45), DM (OR, 8.9; CI, 1.3-58), and subsequent ocular procedures (OR, 3.9; CI, 1.4-11). Factors that did not alter SB removal risk included patient age; sex; and type, size, or location of buckling elements used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of these risk factors may be valuable for the surgical planning of retinal detachment repair in patients at higher risk for subsequent SB removal and for risk stratification subsequent to SB implantation.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service of the Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Covert
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wirostko
authors.forename: Dennis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hammersley
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Judy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012591:Scleral Buckling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult