title: Safety and efficacy of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving background methotrexate: a 5-year extended phase IIB study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of abatacept plus methotrexate (MTX) over 5 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to abatacept 10 or 2 mg/kg or placebo, plus MTX. Patients completing the 1-year, double-blind period entered the longterm extension, where all patients received a fixed dose of abatacept ~10 mg/kg. We describe safety analyses for all patients who received at least 1 dose of abatacept and efficacy analyses for the original ~10 mg/kg abatacept-treated group, over 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 235 abatacept- or placebo-treated patients completing the double-blind period, 219 entered the longterm extension; 130 (59.4%) were continuing at Year 5. No unexpected safety events were observed during the longterm extension compared with the double-blind period. Incidence rates of adverse events (AE) and serious AE were 489.7 and 20.0/100 patient-years in Year 1 versus 374.9 and 18.9/100 patient-years in the cumulative period, respectively. Using exploratory analyses, improvements observed at Year 1 in the 10 mg/kg group were maintained at Year 5, as assessed by ACR responses (ACR20=77.1% vs 82.7%; ACR50=53.0% vs 65.4%; ACR70=28.9% vs 40.4% at Years 1 and 5, respectively) and disease activity (Low Disease Activity State=48.2% vs 58.5%; Disease Activity Score-28-defined remission=25.3% vs 45.3% at Years 1 and 5, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abatacept maintained the efficacy observed at Year 1 over 5 years of treatment, and demonstrated consistent safety and tolerability. These data, along with relatively high retention rates, support the longterm clinical benefit provided by selective T cell costimulation modulation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov; clinical trial registration number: NCT00254293.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium. rene.westhovens@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westhovens
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Keqin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D010919:Placebos; D000069594:Abatacept; D008727:Methotrexate