title: Health as human security in the occupied Palestinian territory.
abstract: We describe the threats to survival, development, and wellbeing in the occupied Palestinian territory using human security as a framework. Palestinian security has deteriorated rapidly since 2000. More than 6000 Palestinians have been killed by the Israeli military, with more than 1300 killed in the Gaza Strip during 22 days of aerial and ground attacks ending in January, 2009. Israeli destruction and control of infrastructure has severely restricted fuel supplies and access to water and sanitation. Palestinians are tortured in prisons and humiliated at Israeli checkpoints. The separation wall and the checkpoints prevent access to work, family, sites of worship, and health-care facilities. Poverty rates have risen sharply, and almost half of Palestinians are dependent on food aid. Social cohesion, which has kept Palestinian society intact, including the health-care system, is now strained. More than US$9 billion in international aid have not promoted development because Palestinians do not have basic security. International efforts focused on prevention of modifiable causes of insecurity, reinvigoration of international norms, support of Palestinian social resilience and institutions that protect them from threats, and a political solution are needed to improve human security in the occupied Palestinian territory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Rajaie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batniji
authors.forename: Yoke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rabaia
authors.forename: Viet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Gillham
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacaman
authors.forename: Eyad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarraj
authors.forename: Raija-Leena
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Punamaki
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boyce
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs; D002960:Civil Disorders; D006262:Health; D006806:Human Rights; D008877:Middle East; D012449:Safety; D012499:Sanitation; D012924:Social Conditions; D014857:Warfare