Foodstuffs for preventing cancer: the preclinical and clinical development of berries.
Laboratory research involving berries is a promising example of food-based cancer prevention. Berries contain many known chemopreventive agents such as anthocyanins and ellagitannins that can be greatly concentrated in freeze-dried berry powders. Based on our program of berry research, this commentary presents the first reported stepwise scheme for the preclinical and clinical development of foodstuffs for cancer prevention. Our preclinical work within this scheme includes promising approaches for assessing the chemopreventive potential of berry powder and berry extracts in preclinical model systems, for determining the mechanisms of action of these agents, and for identifying the active constituents in berries. The commentary also presents preliminary results of clinical trials in the oral cavity, esophagus, and colon using various formulations of freeze-dried berries. The relative merits of berry powders, extracts, or individual constituents (anthocyanins) for cancer prevention are also discussed.
Stoner
Gary D
GD
Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Innovation Centre, 2001 Polaris Parkway, Columbus, Ohio 43240, USA. gary.stoner@osumc.edu
D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004032:Diet; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004947:Esophagus; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats
D000872:Anthocyanins; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts