title: Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 prevents and reverts intestinal damage on TNBS-induced colitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Probiotics attenuate gut inflammation when administered before experimental colitis, but data on their effect after colitis induction are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 on gut injury when administered either before or after trinitrobencene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis in Balb/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a preventive study, probiotic or vehicle was administered for 2 weeks before colitis. Then mice were allocated to: probiotic + TNBS, probiotic + sham, vehicle + TNBS, or vehicle + sham, and sacrificed 72 hours later. In a therapeutic study, mice were allocated into the same groups as before. Probiotic or vehicle were administered for 3 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at weeks 1, 2, and 3 after TNBS. Histological score, myeloperoxidase activity, and eicosanoid and cytokine production in colonic explant cultures were measured. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and MyD88 was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the preventive study, colitis was milder with probiotic than with vehicle (P = 0.041). This was associated with increased PGE(2), IL-2, and IL-4 production, as well as attenuated nitrotyrosine staining in the former. In the therapeutic study, histological score at week 1 post-TNBS was higher in probiotic than in vehicle fed mice (P = 0.018). However, at weeks 2 and 3 the histological score was significantly lower-with decreased IL-6 production and increased MyD88 staining-in mice receiving the probiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with L. fermentum CECT 5716 attenuates TNBS colitis, an effect that seems to be due to its antioxidant abilities. When administered after TNBS, this probiotic is also effective in accelerating colitis recovery, and this is associated with an enhanced Toll-like receptor function.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute Foundation in Health Sciences Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mañé
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorén
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ojanguren
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xaus
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.forename: Eugeni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domènech
authors.forename: Miquel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gassull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase