Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses detected in food handler-associated outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Japan.
Twelve outbreaks of food handler-associated gastroenteritis between November 2002 and March 2006 in Japan were examined for norovirus (NoV) using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. NoV was detected in 77 of 81 customers and 45 of 104 food handlers. Identical NoV sequences were detected in patients and food handlers in each outbreak.
Shinkawa
Naomi
N
Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health, Kagoshima, Japan. shinkawa-naomi@pref.kagoshima.lg.jp
Noda
Mamoru
M
Yoshizumi
Shima
S
Tokutake
Yumi
Y
Shiraishi
Takashi
T
Arita-Nishida
Tomoko
T
Nishio
Osamu
O
Oka
Tomoichiro
T
Hansman
Grant S
GS
Takeda
Naokazu
N
Kimura
Hirokazu
H
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction