title: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fat mass loss in female very low-calcium  consumers: potential link with a calcium-specific appetite control.
abstract: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to compare the effect of a 15-week weight-reducing programme ( -2900 kJ/d) coupled with a calcium plus vitamin D (calcium+D) supplementation (600 mg elemental calcium and 5 microg vitamin D, consumed twice a day) or with a placebo, on body fat and on spontaneous energy/macronutrient intake. Sixty-three overweight or obese women (mean age 43 years, mean BMI 32 kg/m2) reporting a daily calcium intake < 800 mg participated in present study. Anthropometric variables, resting energy expenditure and spontaneous energy intake were measured before and after the 15-week programme. The calcium+D supplementation induced no statistically significant increase in fat mass loss in response to the programme. However, when analyses were limited to very low-calcium consumers only (initial calcium intake < or =600 mg/d, n 7 for calcium+D, n 6 for placebo), a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P < 0.01) and in spontaneous dietary lipid intake (P < 0.05) was observed in the calcium+D but not in the placebo group. In very low-calcium consumers, change in fat mass was positively correlated with change in lipid intake. During the weight-reducing programme, a calcium+D supplementation was necessary in female overweight/obese very low-calcium consumers to reach significant fat mass loss that seemed to be partly explained by a decrease in lipid intake. We propose that this change in lipid intake could be influenced by a calcium-specific appetite control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Francine P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Alarie
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium