title: Influence of spray equipment and water volume on coverage of citrus and control of citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Hemiptera: Coccidae) with mineral oil.
abstract: A trial was conducted in a commercial Citrus sinensis L. variety 'Washington' navel orange orchard to compare the coverage and efficacy against citricola scale Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) of 45.5 liters/ha of an nC24 agricultural mineral oil treatment applied by two different methods: a conventional air blast sprayer and a rotary atomizer. Three water volumes (2,340, 4,680, and 7,020 liters/ha) were applied with the air blast sprayer to determine the optimal spray volume for that equipment. A single volume (2,340 liters/ha) was applied with the rotary atomizer to compare its effectiveness with that of the air blast sprayer at this same volume. Results demonstrated that all treatments reduced citricola scale densities. Moreover, all treatments conducted with the air blast sprayer provided significantly greater coverage and significantly reduced citricola scale densities compared with the treatment made with the rotary atomizer. Larger water volume applications with the air blast sprayer did not significantly reduce citricola scale densities, although significantly better coverage was attained in the interior of the tree when spraying with 4,680 and 7,020 liters/ha. As a consequence, this study demonstrated that the increased coverage obtained by applying higher water volume with the air blast sprayer was not required for an optimal treatment in August, when the citricola scale population consisted of nymphs inhabiting the outside leaves of the tree.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Agroingeniería, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. de Moncada a Náquera km. 4, 5, Moncada 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chueca
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Grafton-Cardwell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moltó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000469:parasitology*; D006430:Hemiptera; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008899:Mineral Oil