title: Vitamin A deficiency alters rat lung alveolar basement membrane: reversibility by retinoic acid.
abstract: Vitamin A is essential for lung development and pulmonary cell differentiation and its deficiency results in alterations of lung structure and function. Basement membranes (BMs) are also involved in those processes, and retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of extracellular matrix macromolecules. Therefore, we have analyzed the ultrastructure and collagen content of lung alveolar BM in growing rats deficient in vitamin A and the recovering effect of all-trans retinoic acid. Male weanling pups were fed a retinol-adequate or -deficient diet until they were 60 days old. A group of vitamin A-deficient pups were recovered by daily intraperitoneal injections of all-trans retinoic acid for 10 days. Alveolar BM in vitamin A-deficient rats doubled its thickness and contained irregularly scattered collagen fibrils. Immunocytochemistry revealed that these fibrils were composed of collagen I. Total content of both collagen I protein and its mRNA was greater in vitamin-deficient lungs. In agreement with the greater size of the BM the amount of collagen IV was also increased. Proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, did not change, but myeloperoxidase and TGF-beta1 were increased. Treatment of vitamin A-deficient rats with retinoic acid reversed all the alterations, but the BM thickness recovered only partially. Retinoic acid recovering activity occurred in the presence of increasing oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency results in alterations of the structure and composition of the alveolar BM which are probably mediated by TGF-beta1 and reverted by retinoic acid. These alterations could contribute to the impairment of lung function and predispose to pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esteban-Pretel
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renau-Piqueras
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timoneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D007378:Interleukins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014212:Tretinoin; D009195:Peroxidase