title: Characterizing the structure and photocycle of PR 2D crystals with CD and FTIR spectroscopy.
abstract: We present here a study on proteorhodopsin (PR) 2D crystals with analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The aim of our experiments was to test the activity of 2D crystal sample preparations and to gain further insight in PR structure, stability and function with these techniques. Our results demonstrate higher stability compared to detergent-solubilized or reconstituted samples. For different pH values, low pH 2D crystals tend to form bigger aggregates and are less stable than at basic pH. The pH 9 sample shows a sharp phase transition during heat denaturation and there is also evidence for protein-protein interaction due to the close proximity of the proteins in the 2D crystals. In the FTIR measurements at cryogenic temperatures (77 K), we characterized the first step in the PR photocycle. At pH 9, the K intermediate could be observed and the samples showed no orientation effects. At pH 5, we could trap the K/L intermediate, characterized by its negative IR signal at 1741 cm(-1). In rapid-scan FTIR experiments, we could also identify the M intermediate of the photocycle at basic pH. We conclude that the PR 2D crystals exhibit a fully functional photocycle and are therefore well suited for further studies on the proton transport mechanism of PR.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Sarika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.forename: Mirka-Kristin
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Verhoefen
authors.forename: Vitali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glaubitz
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wachtveitl
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mäntele
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003460:Crystallization; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial; C413548:proteorhodopsin; D012243:Rhodopsin