Etravirine and rilpivirine: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains resistant to previous nonnucleoside agents.
Etravirine and rilpivirine are two new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that have the distinct advantage of being able to be used in patients with exposure to previous NNRTIs (e.g., nevirapine or efavirenz). Etravirine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to be used twice/day in treatment-experienced patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The approval was based on phase III clinical studies in which 61% of etravirine-treated patients reached an undetectable viral load of less than 50 copies/ml compared with 40% of patients who received the optimized background regimen. Etravirine was well tolerated with a self-limiting skin rash being the most common toxicity, reported in 19% of patients. Rilpivirine, a once-daily NNRTI, is entering phase III studies; the drug appears to be effective against a broad range of NNRTI-resistant viruses including etravirine-resistant strains.
Fulco
Patricia Pecora
PP
Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
McNicholl
Ian R
IR
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068696:Rilpivirine
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C451734:etravirine; D000068696:Rilpivirine