title: Temperature Effects on the Attachment of Pasteuria penetrans Endospores to Meloidogyne arenaria Race 1.
abstract: Pasteuria penetrans is a gram positive bacterium that prevents Meloidogyne spp. from reproducing and diminishes their ability to penetrate roots. The attachment of the endospores to the cuticle of the nematodes is the first step in the life cycle of the bacterium and is essential for its reproduction. As a preliminary study to a field solarization test, the effects of temperature on the attachment of P. penetrans on Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 were investigated. Preexposing second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. arenaria to approximately 30 degrees C in water before exposing them to endospores increased their receptivity to endospore attachment when compared to treating J2 at 25 degrees C or 35 degrees C. In tests with soil, highest attachment occurred when J2 were incubated in soil infested with endospores and maintained at 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C for 4 days. Heating J2 in soil to sublethal temperatures (35 degrees C to 40 degrees C) decreased endospore attachment. Incubating P. penetrans endospores in soil at 30 degrees C to 70 degrees C for 5 hours a day over 10 days resulted in reductions of endospore attachment to nematodes as temperatures of incubation increased to 50 degrees C and higher.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dickson