title: Optimal Release Rates for Attracting Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Other Nematodes to Carbon Dioxide in Sand.
abstract: Movement of vermiform stages of Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Ditylenchus phyllobius, Steinernema glaseri, and Caenorhabditis elegans in response to carbon dioxide was studied in 40- and 72-mm-long cylinders of moist sand inside 38-mm-d acrylic tubes. Meloidogyne incognita, R. reniformis, and S. glaseri were attracted to CO when placed on a linear gradient of 0.2%/cm at a mean CO concentration of 1.2%. When CO was delivered into the sand through a syringe needle at flow rates between 2 and 130 mul/minute, the optimal flow rate for attracting M. incognita and R. reniformis was 15 mul/minute, and maximal attraction of the two species from a distance of 52 mm was achieved after 29 and 40 hours, respectively. After 24 hours, a total CO volume of 20 cm(3) was sufficient to induce 96% of all M. incognita introduced to move into the half of the cylinder into which CO was delivered and more than 75 % to accumulate in the 9 cm(3) of sand volume nearest the source. Results indicate it may be possible to use a chemical or biological source of CO to attract nematodes to nematicide granules or biocontrol agents.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Robinson