title: In-vitro analysis of the dissolution kinetics and systemic availability of plutonium ingested in the form of 'hot' particles from the Semipalatinsk NTS.
abstract: In-vitro leaching of radioactive 'hot' particles isolated from soils sampled at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site has been carried out in order to evaluate the fraction of plutonium activity released into simulated human stomach and small intestine fluids during digestion. Characterisation of the particles (10-100 Bq(239,240)Pu) and investigation of their dissolution kinetics in simulated fluids has been accomplished using a combination of high-resolution alpha-spectrometry, gamma-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The results of these analyses indicate that plutonium transfer across the human gut following the ingestion of 'hot' particles can be up to two orders of magnitude lower than that expected for plutonium in a more soluble form, and show that for areas affected by local fallout, use of published ingestion dose coefficients, together with bulk radionuclide concentrations in soil, may lead to a considerable overestimation of systemic uptake via the ingestion pathway.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: León Vintró
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Tenorio
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Ramos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burkitbayev
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Priest
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D011005:Plutonium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D011005:Plutonium