title: NKT cell subsets mediate differential proatherogenic effects in ApoE-/- mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NKT cells promote atherogenesis, but the subtypes responsible have not been identified. We investigated 2 major NKT cell subtypes (CD4+ and DN NKT) in ApoE-/- mice rendered NKT cell-deficient by day-3 neonatal thymectomy (3dTx).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atherosclerosis development was studied in thymectomized ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet with/without adoptively transferred NKT cells. We demonstrate NKT cell deficiency in thymectomized mice and markedly smaller atherosclerotic lesions. The reduction in lesion size was reversed by adoptive transfer of liver-derived NKT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD4+, but not DN NKT cells, into 3dTx ApoE-/- mice increased lesion size 2.5-fold. The differential effects were not attributable to differences in homing to developing atherosclerotic lesions. DN NKT cells expressed at least 3-fold higher levels of inhibitory Ly49 receptors (Ly49A, Ly49C/I, and Ly49G2) than CD4+ NKT cells, and lesions expressed large amounts of their MHC class I ligand. In vitro these inhibitory receptors initiated greater effects in DN NKT cells. Culture of each NKT cell subset with TAP-deficient (MHC class I-deficient) dendritic cells and alpha-GalCer led to secretion of similar amounts of proatherogenic cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF but, when cultured with MHC class I-positive dendritic cells, CD4+ NKT cells secreted more of these cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4+ NKT cells are responsible for the proatherogenic activity of NKT cells. Expression of inhibitory Ly49 receptors by the subtypes appears responsible for regulating their secretion of proatherogenic cytokines and their differential proatherogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia. Kelly.To@bakeridi.edu.au
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrotis
authors.forename: Gurdyal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Besra
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobik
authors.forename: Ban-Hock
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Toh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D055650:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A / Q000378:metabolism*; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D055650:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A; D015534:Trans-Activators; C500212:tocopherol-associated protein, mouse