title: Ceramic pressed to metal versus feldspathic porcelain fused to metal: a comparative study of bond strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the debond/crack initiation strength (D/CIS) of a leucite-based low-fusing ceramic pressed (PC) to metal and feldspathic porcelain (FP) fused to metal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty rectangular metal specimens, 20 noble alloy (NA; gold-palladium) and 20 base metal alloy (BA; cobalt-chromium) were fabricated per ISO 9693:1999 standards (25.0 mm x 0.5 mm x 3.0 mm). Ten samples in each group received FP and the remaining 10 received PC. The samples in the PC group underwent wax pattern build-ups and subsequent investing and casting. The ceramic dimensions in all four groups were 8.0 mm x 1.0 mm x 3.0 mm. The final metal-ceramic specimen thickness was 1.5 mm. All specimens were subject to the Schwickerath crack-initiation three-point bending test at a crosshead speed of 1.5 mm/min. Metal-ceramic fracture loads were recorded in Newtons and D/CIS was calculated using the formula: tau(b) = k x Ffail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean D/CIS were as follows: BA-FP: 36.11 +/- 2.31 MPa, NA-FP: 42.64 +/- 1.94 MPa, BA-PC: 37.47 +/- 6.02 MPa, and NA-PC: 47.94 +/- 3.92 MPa. A 2-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in D/CIS values between the four groups. A statistically significant difference was noted when comparing the mean D/CIS values obtained between the two metal alloys used (NA: 45.29 MPa and BA: 36.79 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences (P > .05) in mean D/CIS were found between the low-fusing ceramic pressed to metal and the FP fused to metal. A higher mean D/CIS (P > .05) was found for the NA compared to the BA, with both ceramics tested.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. bhavaniv@dentistry.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Bhavani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Mitchell S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: Eugene L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hittelman
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017005:Dental Debonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D017680:Potassium Compounds
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; C078519:leucite