title: The oxidative stress of hyperglycemia and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells.
abstract: Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in many critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, stimulates the production of the potent proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and enhances the expression of haem oxygenase-1, an inducible stress protein. It has been shown that administration of insulin and the semi-essential amino acid glutamine have been beneficial to the septic patient. The aim of our study is to test whether these two molecules, glutamine and insulin used in combination attenuate the proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells which have been triggered by hyperglycaemia. Our results demonstrate that a combination of insulin and glutamine are significantly more effective in reducing the expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha and HO-1 than insulin or glutamine alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sekaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniandy
authors.forename: Rajes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: Gracie Ong Siok
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Chook Jack
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bee
authors.forename: Yiaw Koon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Arokiasamy Vinsent
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rayappan
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005973:Glutamine; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1