title: Transgene expression of transfected supercoiled plasmid DNA concatemers in mammalian cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supercoiled topology of transfected plasmid DNA (pDNA) is critical for transgene expression in mammalian cells. In the present study, we analysed transgene expression of transfected supercoiled pDNA concatemers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jurkat T cells were transfected with a supercoiled 4.7-kb monomeric and, in parallel, a 9.4-kb dimeric pEGFP plasmid concatemer using electroporation. The absolute amounts of pDNA delivered into the cytoplasm and the nucleus were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the number and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing cells and the relative amounts of TOTO-1 fluorescently-labeled pDNA associated with the cell, located in the cytoplasm, and in the nucleus, were analysed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both constructs, significantly higher amounts of pDNA were detected in the cytoplasm compared to the nucleus. Furthermore, from FACS analysis, we could infer the relative gene copy (E(gene)) and plasmid expression efficiency (E(plasmid)) by determining the ratio of the EGFP MFI of the transfected cells to TOTO-1 MFI per nucleus on the single cell level. E(gene) and E(plasmid) were significantly 1.6-and 3.5-fold higher for EGFP-dimer than for EGFP-monomer, although the transfection rates considering the number of transfected cells were significantly lower for EGFP-dimer than for EGFP-monomer. Together with hydrodynamic plasmid diameter measurements, these observations suggest that concatemer arrangement increases relative gene expression efficiency, whereas plasmid size is important for cell and nucleus entry after electroporation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose using preferably small supercoiled plasmid concatemers as the ideal plasmid vectors to maximize both transgene expression and the number of transfected target cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maucksch
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohla
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schleef
authors.forename: Manish Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Aneja
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elfinger
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudolph
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D044708:DNA, Concatenated / Q000235:genetics*; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000235:genetics*; D019281:Dimerization; D018274:Electroporation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005453:Fluorescence; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008027:Light; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014162:Transfection; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044708:DNA, Concatenated; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins