title: Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from ocular wound infections after laser refractive surgery: attachment to and accumulation on soft contact lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disposable soft contact lenses that are commonly used after laser refractive surgery are known to be colonized by bacteria and play a key role in Bacterial Keraitis (BK) pathogenesis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been found to be the most common pathogen involved in this postoperative infection. In this study a rapid and a simple assay was developed for studying attachment and accumulation of CoNS on soft contact lenses in vitro using [3H] thymidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five isolates of CoNS were obtained from 27 laser refractive surgery patients. Twenty-five of these thirty-five CoNS were isolated in multiple cultures. Ten CoNS were isolated in cultures from patients who underwent reoperation. The assay was optimized using a biofilm-producing strain, S. epidermidis RP62A, which was subcultured overnight at 37 degrees C on blood agar medium. Quantitative determination of biofilm production was tested. Presence of the genes icaADB and icaD was determined in all isolates. All isolates were biochemically analyzed using the Phene Plate (PhP) system modified for typing of CoNS. The CoNS isolates were further characterized to species level using ID32Staph.Mann-Whitney rank sum test and chi-square test were used to identify statistical differences in adherence, index, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and biofilm production or presence of the ica operon between clinically significant isolates and non-postoperative BK isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in attachment and accumulation were found between isolates causing BK after laser refractive surgery and contaminant isolates. In addition, there were no differences in the distribution of the ica operon between the two groups, as determined by polymerase chain reaction. Nevertheless, the ability to produce biofilm was found to be present significantly more frequently among BK isolates than among non-postoperative BK isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the method using radioactive thymidine to analyze adherence of CoNS to soft contact lenses enables detection of differences in the adherence patterns of individual isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Faghri@med.mui.ac.ir
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faghri
authors.forename: Mohamad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Razavi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000382:microbiology*; D048988:Corneal Surgery, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009876:Operon; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057787:Staphylococcus lugdunensis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013936:Thymidine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013936:Thymidine