title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma: four-year results of a prospective phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 50-month results of a prospective Phase II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in medically inoperable patients are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 medically inoperable patients had clinically staged T1 (34 patients) or T2 (36 patients) (< or =7 cm), N0, M0, biopsy-confirmed non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and received SBRT as per our previously published reports. The SBRT treatment dose of 60-66 Gy was prescribed to the 80% isodose volume in three fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 50.2 months (range, 1.4-64.8 months). Kaplan-Meier local control at 3 years was 88.1%. Regional (nodal) and distant recurrence occurred in 6 (8.6%) and 9 (12.9%) patients, respectively. Median survival (MS) was 32.4 months and 3-year overall survival (OS) was 42.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 31.1-54.3%). Cancer-specific survival at 3 years was 81.7% (95% CI, 70.0-93.4%). For patients with T1 tumors, MS was 38.7 months (95% CI, 25.3-50.2) and for T2 tumors MS was 24.5 months (95% CI, 18.5-37.4) (p = 0.194). Tumor volume (< or =5 cc, 5-10 cc, 10-20 cc, >20 cc) did not significantly impact survival: MS was 36.9 months (95% CI, 18.1-42.9), 34.0 (95% CI, 16.9-57.1), 32.8 (95% CI, 21.3-57.8), and 21.4 months (95% CI, 17.8-41.6), respectively (p = 0.712). There was no significant survival difference between patients with peripheral vs. central tumors (MS 33.2 vs. 24.4 months, p = 0.697). Grade 3 to 5 toxicity occurred in 5 of 48 patients with peripheral lung tumors (10.4%) and in 6 of 22 patients (27.3%) with central tumors (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.088).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our study results, use of SBRT results in high rates of local control in medically inoperable patients with Stage I NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. afakiris@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Achilles J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fakiris
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McGarry
authors.forename: Constantin T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yiannoutsos
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papiez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timmerman
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D047368:Tumor Burden