title: Influenza vaccination concerns among older blacks: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaccination can decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza, yet vaccination rates remain low, especially among minority groups. Previous studies have found that important barriers to vaccination include the fear of adverse reactions and concern that the vaccine causes influenza.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This research aimed to assess the effects of messages designed to address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination among blacks aged >or=50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2007 with pre-exposure and post-exposure measurements, participants were randomly assigned to read either the vaccine safety messages (VSM) developed for the study (treatment condition) or the vaccine information statement (VIS) currently given to those getting the vaccine (control condition).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 108 participants participated in the study. Data were collected in either participants' residences, community settings, or university conference rooms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Influenza vaccine-related beliefs and intention to receive vaccination were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis in 2007 and 2008 found that the randomization hypotheses of equal groups were retained. Participants exposed to the VSM showed greater improvement in post-exposure beliefs about how the vaccine works (p=0.0006) and the transmission of the flu (p=0.0034) as well as greater post-exposure disagreement with the belief that the vaccine causes influenza (p=0.0411).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VSM affected beliefs about vaccine safety and effectiveness to a greater degree than did the VIS. These findings show that VSM are effective in changing beliefs empirically linked with influenza vaccination and vaccination disparities. The dissemination of VSM to older blacks may increase vaccination rates and reduce vaccination disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA. wray@slu.edu
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Trent D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Buskirk
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jupka
authors.forename: Christy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lapka
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Ratna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pakpahan
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wortley
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D010353:Patient Education as Topic
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines