title: Thixotropic property in pharmaceutical formulations.
abstract: This review focuses on the characterization of the thixotropic property, the factors affecting the thixotropic property and its pharmaceutical applications. These factors include pH, temperature, polymer concentrations, polymer modification, polymer combinations, and addition of cations or excipients. The relationships between the rheological properties of thixotropic formulations, and their effects on the controlled drug delivery through various routes including oral, topical, ophthalmic, dental and mucosal administration and pharmacological efficacies were also discussed. The comprehensive analysis of rheological and mechanical properties will provide an insight into the potential usage of thixotropic formulations as drug delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. leech@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Chi H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Venkat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moturi
authors.forename: Yugyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations