title: Gender differences in patients with coronary artery disease in Japan: the Japanese Coronary Artery Disease Study (the JCAD study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender differences among patients with coronary artery disease vary from study to study. In one of the largest studies, the Japanese Coronary Artery Disease (JCAD) Study, gender differences in patients were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consecutive patients diagnosed with stenosis 75% or more in at least one branch of the coronary arteries were enrolled in the study. The endpoint is a composite of all-cause death and cardiovascular events. Data were collected over the internet. Out of 15,628 patients screened, 13,812 of them met the inclusion criteria and were followed up for a mean period of 2.7 years. The event rate was 62.8 per 1,000 patients-year, all-cause death 17.3 and total cardiac events 47.4. The incident rate of unstable angina was higher in females (27.1) than males (21.8) (P=0.0363). The incidence of all-cause death was lower in females than males (16.9 and 17.8, respectively; P=0.0148). Other than gender, hypertension and number of vessel disease contribute to the event of unstable angina, and age, family history, obesity, impaired fasting glycemia, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure and number of vessel disease contribute to the all-cause death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender is an independent contributing factor of unstable angina and of all-cause death.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Doubun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohro
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors