title: Obesity and labour market success in Finland: the difference between having a high BMI and being fat.
abstract: This paper examines the relationship between obesity and labour market success in Finland, using various indicators of individual body composition along with body mass index (BMI). Weight, height, fat mass and waist circumference are measured by health professionals. We find that only waist circumference has a negative association with wages for women, whereas no obesity measure is significant in the linear wage models for men. However, all measures of obesity are negatively associated with women's employment probability and fat mass is negatively associated with men's employment probability. We also find that the use of categories for waist circumference and fat mass has a substantial influence on the results. For example, the category for high fat mass is associated with roughly 5.5% lower wages for men. All in all, the results indicate that in the absence of measures of body composition, there is a risk that labour market penalties associated with obesity are measured with bias.
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Lonnrotinkatu 4B, 00120 Helsinki, Finland. edvard.johansson@etla.fi
authors.forename: Edvard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Böckerman
authors.forename: Urpo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kiiskinen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010808:Physical Examination