title: Pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs: rationale and design of the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selection of antihypertensive therapy is often empiric, and use of genetic information to guide drug therapy selection holds future promise.
  
  
  METHODS
  The objective of this trial is to identify the genetic determinants of the antihypertensive and adverse metabolic responses to a thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide), a beta-blocker (atenolol), and their combination. This will be accomplished through candidate gene and genome-wide association approaches. Individuals with uncomplicated hypertension (N = 800), with ages 17 and 65 years, are being enrolled. Current antihypertensive therapy is discontinued, and hypertension is confirmed, along with collection of other baseline data. Subjects are then randomized to either hydrochlorothiazide or atenolol, with 1 dose titration step, followed by assessment of response to therapy after at least 6 weeks on the target dose. Those with blood pressure >120/70 mm Hg have the second drug added, with similar dose titration and response assessment procedures. Data collected include home, office, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Biological samples collected in the fasting state include plasma, serum, DNA (buffy coat), and urine. Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphocyte cell lines are also being created.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacogenetic-guided therapy holds clinical potential for hypertension, but the literature in the field is limited. This trial will add substantially to our understanding of the genetic determinants of antihypertensive and adverse metabolic responses to 2 commonly used antihypertensive drug classes.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, USA. johnson@cop.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zineh
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Rhonda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooper-DeHoff
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gums
authors.forename: R Whit
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beitelshees
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004232:Diuretics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D008875:Middle Aged; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D012107:Research Design; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D001262:Atenolol