title: Muscovite reverses gastric gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia by promoting cell proliferation in rats with atrophic gastritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect whether muscovite exerts its protective role in the progression of atrophic gastritis (AG) and evaluate the possible mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  AG rats were established and then randomly divided into groups administrated with different doses of muscovite for 8 weeks. Histological changes in gastric antrum and the number of parietal cells, chief cells, and G/D cells were observed. Serum gastrin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), C-erbB-2, p21, p53, p16 and bcl-2 in gastric tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secreted by THP-1 cells were detected when incubated with different doses of muscovite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grade of inflammation in muscovite groups was lower (p < 0.05), while the thickness and number of gastric glands were significantly elevated in muscovite groups (p < 0.01). The expression height of PCNA in the muscovite group was higher than in the AG group (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry results showed a positive expression rate of EGFR; p16 in muscovite-treated AG rats was increased (p < 0.05), while C-erbB-2 and p21 were decreased (p < 0.05). Serum gastrin and PGE2 were significantly elevated in the high-dose muscovite-treated rats (p < 0.05). In vitro studies showed that muscovite had a dose-dependent adsorption of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscovite could reverse gastric gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia by promoting cell proliferation and revitalization in gastric mucosa in AG rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang-jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qun-yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shu-jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Fang-shi
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Si
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D015232:Dinoprostone; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D005755:Gastrins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C517971:muscovite; C483803:Egfr protein, rat