title: Extended drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment in patients with prolonged septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of extended drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DAA) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four intensive care units in nine countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with severe sepsis and vasopressor-dependent hypotension after a 96-h infusion of standard DAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 193 patients received an intravenous infusion of extended DAA 24 microg/kg/h or sodium chloride placebo for a maximum of 72 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At extended therapy initiation (baseline), DAA-group patients had lower protein C levels (P = 0.23) and higher vasopressor requirements, particularly for the primary vasopressor used, norepinephrine (P = 0.03), compared with placebo-group patients. DAA treatment did not result in a difference in the primary outcome of time to resolution of vasopressor-dependent hypotension versus placebo (P = 0.419). However, few patients reached resolution (DAA 34%, placebo 40%) as most continued to require vasopressor support after 72 additional hours of treatment. Treatment did not reduce 28-day all-cause mortality and in-hospital mortality or improve organ function compared with placebo, although there was a lower percentage change in D-dimers (P < 0.001) and increases in protein C levels were numerically greater on extended infusion. There was no difference in serious adverse events including bleeding events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended DAA treatment did not result in more rapid resolution of vasopressor-dependent hypotension, despite demonstrating anticipated biological effects on D-dimer and protein C levels. A reduced planned sample size combined with baseline imbalances in protein C levels and vasopressor requirements may have limited the ability to demonstrate a clinical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France. dhainaut@aeres-evaluation.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dhainaut
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desachy
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reignier
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavoue
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobas-Meyer
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Mariano A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mignini
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011486:Protein C / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C421124:drotrecogin alfa activated