Genome-wide association study of smoking initiation and current smoking.
For the identification of genes associated with smoking initiation and current smoking, genome-wide association analyses were carried out in 3497 subjects. Significant genes that replicated in three independent samples (n = 405, 5810, and 1648) were visualized into a biologically meaningful network showing cellular location and direct interaction of their proteins. Several interesting groups of proteins stood out, including glutamate receptors (e.g., GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIK2, GRM8), proteins involved in tyrosine kinase receptor signaling (e.g., NTRK2, GRB14), transporters (e.g., SLC1A2, SLC9A9) and cell-adhesion molecules (e.g., CDH23). We conclude that a network-based genome-wide association approach can identify genes influencing smoking behavior.
Vink
Jacqueline M
JM
Department of Biological Psychology, Center for Neurogenomic and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jm.vink@psy.vu.nl
Smit
August B
AB
de Geus
Eco J C
EJ
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Patrick
P
Willemsen
Gonneke
G
Hottenga
Jouke-Jan
JJ
Smit
Johannes H
JH
Hoogendijk
Witte J
WJ
Zitman
Frans G
FG
Peltonen
Leena
L
Kaprio
Jaakko
J
Pedersen
Nancy L
NL
Magnusson
Patrik K
PK
Spector
Tim D
TD
Kyvik
Kirsten Ohm
KO
Morley
Katherine I
KI
Heath
Andrew C
AC
Martin
Nicholas G
NG
Westendorp
Rudi G J
RG
Slagboom
P Eline
PE
Tiemeier
Henning
H
Hofman
Albert
A
Uitterlinden
Andre G
AG
Aulchenko
Yurii S
YS
Amin
Najaf
N
van Duijn
Cornelia
C
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Brenda W
BW
Boomsma
Dorret I
DI
D000328:Adult; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011485:Protein Binding; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D016540:Smoking Cessation
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases