title: Measuring demyelination and remyelination in acute multiple sclerosis lesion voxels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the use of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) as a practical imaging marker of demyelination and remyelination in acute multiple sclerosis lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital multiple sclerosis clinic. Patients Six patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and acute gadolinium-enhancing lesions were studied serially using a quantitative magnetization transfer examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in the water content and macromolecular content, a marker of myelin content that, unlike MTR, is not affected by changes in water content (edema) associated with acute inflammation, and changes in MTR of lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the macromolecular content and MTR were lower than normal in acute lesions and recovered over several months. The decrease in macromolecular content relative to contralateral normal-appearing white matter was greater than the decrease in MTR (0.46 vs 0.75 at the time of gadolinium enhancement), likely because edema in the acute lesion increased the T1 relaxation time of water and attenuated the decrease in MTR. Nevertheless, there was still a strong correlation between changes in the relative MTR and macromolecular content (R(2) = 0.70; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the use of MTR as a practical marker of demyelination and remyelination, even in acute lesions where decreases in MTR are attenuated because of the effects of edema.
authors.affiliation: McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Quebec, Canada. paul.giacomini@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: Ives R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Levesque
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Sridar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: G Bruce
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium