title: Device extraction in adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Device extraction is a critical component in the treatment of patients with device-related infections. Due to complex anatomic considerations, device extraction in adults with congenital heart disease presents unique challenges to the electrophysiologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we present a series of device-extraction cases performed in patients with transposition of the great arteries status post either Mustard or Senning surgical procedures that subsequently had permanent pacemakers placed and ultimately developed device-related infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of these patients eventually underwent successful laser extractions of their infected devices resulting in complete removal of all hardware and resolution of their infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases illustrate that endovascular device extraction has been safely and effectively performed in adult patients with congenital heart disease, though further studies are needed to determine the procedural risks and success rates of this procedure in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. cesario@usc.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cesario
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kedia
authors.forename: Nirav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aboulhosn
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uslan
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.forename: Kalyanam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivkumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome