title: Violacein extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum inhibits Plasmodium growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Violacein is a violet pigment extracted from the gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. It presents bactericidal, tumoricidal, trypanocidal, and antileishmanial activities. We show that micromolar concentrations efficiently killed chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro; inhibited parasitemia in vivo, even after parasite establishment; and protected Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi-infected mice from a lethal challenge.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stefanie C P
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Yara C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Giselle Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Justo
authors.forename: Paulo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Francisco L S
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goelnitz
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Facchini
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Fabio T M
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000187:drug effects*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D007211:Indoles; D002738:Chloroquine; C063155:violacein