title: Influence of visual stimulus mode on transfer of acquired spatial associations.
abstract: Associations between corresponding stimulus-response locations are often characterized as overlearned, producing automatic activation. However, 84 practice trials with an incompatible mapping eliminate the benefit for spatial correspondence in a transfer Simon task, where stimulus location is irrelevant. The authors examined whether transfer occurs for combinations of physical-location, arrow-direction, and location-word modes in the practice and transfer sessions. With 84 practice trials, the Simon effect was reduced for locations and arrows, and there was complete transfer across these modes; location words showed little transfer within or between modes. These results suggest that the acquired short-term associations were based on visual-spatial stimulus codes distinct from semantic-spatial codes activated by the words. With 600 practice trials, words showed transfer to word and arrow but not location Simon tasks, suggesting that arrows share semantic-spatial codes with words. Reaction-time distribution functions for the Simon effect showed distinct shapes for each stimulus mode, with little impact of the practiced mapping on the shapes. Thus, the contribution of the short-term location associations seems to be separate from that of the long-term associations responsible for the Simon effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081, USA. proctor@psych.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Motonori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kim-Phuong L
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Vu
mesh_terms: D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D014163:Transfer, Psychology