title: Genotype of 88 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients and correlation with clinical findings.
abstract: We report the genotyping analysis of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in samples collected from 88 immunocompromised patients, along with clinical and epidemiological data. Most of these samples were collected in France during the current decade by the Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center. Lack of specific anti-Toxoplasma treatment, pulmonary toxoplasmosis, and involvement of multiple organs were the 3 main risk factors associated with death for this patient group. Genotyping results with 6 microsatellite markers showed that type II isolates were predominant among patients who acquired toxoplasmic infection in Europe. Non-type II isolates included 13 different genotypes and were mainly collected from patients who acquired toxoplasmosis outside Europe. Type III was the second most common genotype recovered from patients, whereas type I was rare in our population. Three nonarchetypal genotypes were repeatedly recovered from different patients who acquired the infection in sub-Saharan Africa (genotypes Africa 1 and Africa 2) and in the French West Indies (genotype Caribbean 1). The distribution of genotypes (type II vs. non-type II) was not significantly different when patients were stratified by underlying cause of immunosuppression, site of infection, or outcome. We conclude that in immunocompromised patients, host factors are much more involved than parasite factors in patients' resistance or susceptibility to toxoplasmosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens, France. ajz@unilim.fr
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ajzenberg
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yera
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dalle
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menotti
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bessières
authors.forename: Dorothée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quinio
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pelloux
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delhaes
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desbois
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thulliez
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robert-Gangneux
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kauffmann-Lacroix
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: Meja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabodonirina
authors.forename: Marie-Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bougnoux
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cuisenier
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duhamel
authors.forename: Thanh Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filisetti
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flori
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gay-Andrieu
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pratlong
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nevez
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Totet
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carme
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonnabau
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dardé
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology*