title: Sclerotherapy for intractable ganglion cyst of the hallux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We devised a method of sclerotherapy using OK432. The present study comprised a retrospective followup of sclerotherapy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen feet in 18 consecutive patients (seven men, 11 women; mean age, 55 years) were treated with sclerotherapy. Previous surgery had been performed one to four times for seven feet. After aspirating the contents of the ganglion cysts, 0.2 to 0.3 ml of suspension of OK432 (lyophilized strep pyogenes) was injected. The volume of fluid aspirated was from 0.2 to 2.5 ml, with an average of 0.9 ml. Mean duration of followup was 3 years 6 months. Clinical evaluation was performed using the AOFAS hallux scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ganglion cysts disappeared after sclerotherapy. However, recurrences were observed in eight feet. Mean duration until recurrence was 13 months. Sclerotherapy was again performed for all patients with recurrence. Re-recurrence occurred in three feet. A third sclerotherapy was performed for all three patients. All ganglion cysts had disappeared by final followup. Mean AOFAS score improved from 75 points before therapy to 95 points at followup. Six patients had complications with local redness and pain for 1 to 6 days after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sclerotherapy using OK432 is a minimally invasive treatment of symptomatic ganglion cysts of the hallux. Recurrence is common but complications are infrequent and self-limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan. yatanaka@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumai
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003560:Cysts / Q000628:therapy*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006214:Hallux; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010844:Picibanil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy
chemical_list: D010844:Picibanil