title: Defouling and cleaning using nanobubbles on stainless steel.
abstract: The present work demonstrates that nanobubbles can be used as cleaning agents on stainless steel (SS) surfaces. Cleaning efficiency has been quantified. Using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), it was demonstrated that nanobubbles can be produced by electrochemical treatment on a SS surface either with or without adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA). After allowing adsorption on SS overnight, radio-labeled BSA was removed by electrochemically generated nanobubbles, and then the remaining BSA on the surface was quantified by radioactivity measurement. The results indicate that nanobubbles can remove >10% of the protein in each 3-min electrochemical treatment while in a control group, washing with water and electrolyte resulted in no more than 3% of the protein being removed each time. Cleaning of conducting surfaces by nanobubbles is promising in any system where fouling occurs in biomedia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yaming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013193:Stainless Steel; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine