title: Provision of a voluntary exercise environment enhances running activity and prevents obesity in Snark-deficient mice.
abstract: The present study was performed to investigate the involvement of SNARK in physical activity levels in mice. To examine the acute effect of SNARK deficiency on voluntary running, Snark-deficient mice (Snark(+/-): n = 16) and their wild-type counterparts (Snark(+/+): n = 16) were assigned to sedentary or exercise (1 wk voluntary wheel running) groups. In addition, to clarify the differences in voluntary running activity and its effect between genotypes, mice (Snark(+/+): n = 16; Snark(+/-): n = 16) were also kept in individual cages with/without a running wheel for 5 mo. Unexpectedly, in both voluntary running experiments, running distances were increased in Snark(+/-) mice compared with Snark(+/+) mice. Under sedentary conditions, body and white adipose tissue weights were increased significantly in Snark(+/-) mice. However, no significant differences were observed between the two genotypes under exercise conditions, and the values were significantly less than those under sedentary conditions in the long-term experiment. In the short-term experiment, serum interleukin-6 level in exercised Snark(+/+) mice was the same as that in sedentary Snark(+/+) mice, whereas that in sedentary Snark(+/-) mice was significantly lower than in the other groups. In contrast, serum leptin level was reduced significantly in exercised Snark(+/-) mice compared with sedentary Snark(+/-) mice. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to an environment that allows voluntary exercise promotes increased running activity and prevents obesity in Snark-deficient mice.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichinoseki-Sekine
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchihara
authors.forename: Ikumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakigi
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
authors.forename: Rumi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D006003:Glycogen; C490993:Snrk protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000263:Adenylate Kinase