title: FTO gene variation and measures of body mass in an African population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variation in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene has been reproducibly associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in populations of White European origin. Data from Asians and African-Americans is less conclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the effect of 16 FTO polymorphisms on body mass in a large population of predominantly lean Gambians (N(max) 2208) participating in a long-term surveillance program providing contemporary and early-life anthropometric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen FTO tagSNPs screened here, including several associated with BMI in Europeans, were not associated with birth weight (BWT), early weight gain in 1-2 year olds, BMI in adults (> or = 18 y), or weight-for-height (WFH) z-score across all ages. No association was seen between genotype and WFH z-score or other measures of body mass. The confidence limits indicate that the effect size for WFH z-score never exceeded 0.17 units per allele copy for any SNP (excluding the three SNPs with allele < 15%). with much the lowest allele frequency. The confidence interval of the effect size for rs9939609 did not overlap that reported previously in Europeans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is the first study of FTO gene variation in a well-characterised African population. Our results suggest that FTO gene variation does not influence measures of body mass in Gambians living a traditional lifestyle, or has a smaller effect than that detected in Europeans. These findings are not directly comparable to results from previous studies in African-Americans due to differences in study design and analysis. It is also possible that any effect of FTO genotype on body mass is of limited relevance in a lean population where little excess food is available, compared to similar ethnic populations where food supply is plentiful.
authors.affiliation: MRC International Nutrition Group, NPHIRU, EPH, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. branwen.hennig@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Branwen J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sirugo
authors.forename: Pura
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rayco-Solon
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hattersley
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Frayling
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics; D005714:Gambia; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human