title: Management Options for Pratylenchus penetrans in Easter Lily.
abstract: Alternatives to reduce or modify nematicide use for minimizing groundwater contamination in Easter lily were explored in two field trials. Alternatives to standard 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) plus phorate injection in the first trial were: (i) delaying applications until after winter rains, (ii) removing roots from planting stock, (iii) 1,3-D via drip irrigation, (iv) a chitin-urea soil amendment, (v) the registered insecticide disulfoton, and (vi) several nonregistered nematicides. None of the treatments equaled the standard treatment. In the second trial, potential benefits of adding a systemic nematicide, oxamyl (OX), or a fungicide, metalaxyl (MX), to the standard treatment were explored. Preplant drip irrigation applications of metam sodium (MS), sodium tetrathiocarbonate (ST), and emulsifiable 1,3-D were evaluated alone and in combination with postplant applications of OX and MX. Several drip-applied treatments performed comparably to the standard treatment with respect to the most important criteria of crop quality, bulb circumference. Metam-sodium in combination with either or both OX and MX, 1,3-D plus OX and MX, and ST plus OX and MX provided the best results.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Westerdahl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Etter
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Radewald
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Darso