title: Effects of bolus injection of soybean-based fat emulsion and fatty acids on pulmonary gas exchange function.
abstract: To determine whether or not a "bolus injection" of soybean-based fat emulsion (SFE), which contains oleic acid (OA), a potent lung-toxic unsaturated C-18 fatty acid, can induce pulmonary dysfunction, we examined the effect of SFE injection on the partial oxygen pressure of arterial blood (Pao2) and pulmonary vascular permeability. In addition, we compared the effect of an injection of SFE with that of OA, soybean oil (a source of SFE), emulsified OA and C-18 fatty acids. Bolus injection of SFE (0.3-4.8 ml/kg) had little effect on Pao2) and pulmonary vascular permeability. Injection of an equivalent amount of OA, on the other hand, significantly decreased Pao2 and increased pulmonary vascular hyper-permeability. This decrease in Pao2 was attenuated by emulsification. Unemulsified soybean oil also induced a decrease in Pao2, although the effect was weaker than that of OA. Other unsaturated C-18 fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acid) induced a decrease in Pao2 as potent as OA while stearic acid, a C-18 saturated fatty acid, had little effect. Although we did not observe pulmonary toxicity as a result of "bolus injection" of SFE, the chemical form, for example, emulsification and the degree of saturability of the carbon chain, seems to influence the pulmonary toxicities of lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, the potent pulmonary toxicity of OA seems to depend not only on pulmonary vascular embolization but also pharmacological and/or inflammation-inducing properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan. y-zuka@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishitsuka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golbidi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irikura
authors.forename: Tetsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000633:toxicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000633:toxicity; D013025:Glycine max; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013229:Stearic Acids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D013024:Soybean Oil; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D010100:Oxygen