title: VHL Type 2B gene mutation moderates HIF dosage in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is caused by germline mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene, with Type 2B missense VHL mutations predisposing to renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Type 2B mutant pVHL is predicted to be defective in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-alpha regulation. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells in which the endogenous wild-type Vhl gene was replaced with the representative Type 2B VHL hotspot mutation R167Q (Vhl(2B/2B)) displayed preserved physiological regulation of both HIF factors with slightly greater normoxic dysregulation of HIF-2alpha. Differentiated Vhl(2B/2B)-derived teratomas overexpressed joint HIF targets Vegf and EglN3 but not the HIF-1alpha-specific target Pfk1. Vhl(2B/2B) teratomas additionally displayed a growth advantage over Vhl(-/-)-derived teratomas, suggestive of a tight connection between perturbations in the degree and ratio of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha stabilization and cell growth. Vhl(2B/2B) mice displayed mid-gestational embryonic lethality, whereas adult Vhl(2B/+) mice exhibited susceptibility to carcinogen-promoted renal neoplasia compared with wild-type littermates at 12 months. Our experiments support a model in which the representative Type 2B R167Q mutant pVhl produces a unique profile of HIF dysregulation, thereby promoting tissue-specific effects on cell growth, development and tumor predisposition.
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cowey
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Rathmell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D013724:Teratoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; C497446:VHL protein, human; C494469:VHL protein, mouse