title: Dispersibility of crude oil in fresh water.
abstract: The effects of surfactant composition on the ability of chemical dispersants to disperse crude oil in fresh water were investigated. The objective of this research was to determine whether effective fresh water dispersants can be designed in case this technology is ever considered for use in fresh water environments. Previous studies on the chemical dispersion of crude oil in fresh water neither identified the dispersants that were investigated nor described the chemistry of the surfactants used. This information is necessary for developing a more fundamental understanding of chemical dispersion of crude oil at low salinity. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between surfactant chemistry and dispersion effectiveness. We found that dispersants can be designed to drive an oil slick into the freshwater column with the same efficiency as in salt water as long as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is optimum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wrenn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virkus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Venosa
mesh_terms: D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water; D010578:Petroleum; D012623:Seawater; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical