title: Phenomenology, longitudinal course, and outcome of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders.
abstract: Pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) significantly affects the normal emotional, cognitive, and social development. The course of children and adolescents with BPD is manifested by frequent changes in symptoms polarity showing a dimensional continuum of bipolar symptoms severity from subsyndromal to mood syndromes meeting full DSM-IV criteria. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bipolar is of utmost importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Axelson
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D018450:Disease Progression; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome