Role of endothelial cell stress in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure.
Endothelial cells are key modulators of diverse physiological processes, and their impaired function is a cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Under physiologic condition, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen mediators in endothelia lead to the signal propagation of the initial stimulus, by forming molecules with a longer half-life like hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is the focus of growing attention in endothelial biology, and consequently the enzymes involved in its generation and clearance are viewed as novel mediators of great importance. In particular, among peroxidases, myeloperoxidase is recognized as a key enzyme, capable of impairing intracellular NO reservoirs as well as producing oxidized amino acids such as 3-chlorotyrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine. This process switches the functional pathways from normal signalling to a condition characterized by oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these stress responses in endothelium will lead to better therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress-driven cardiovascular diseases.
Anzalone
Rita
R
Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
La Rocca
Giampiero
G
Di Stefano
Antonino
A
Magno
Francesca
F
Corrao
Simona
S
Carbone
Marco
M
Loria
Tiziana
T
Lo Iacono
Melania
M
Eleuteri
Ermanno
E
Colombo
Marilena
M
Cappello
Francesco
F
Farina
Felicia
F
Zummo
Giovanni
G
Giannuzzi
Pantaleo
P
D002908:Chronic Disease; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009195:Peroxidase