title: Transforming growth factor beta1 and laminin-111 cooperate in the induction of interleukin-16 expression in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), strong expression of laminins and integrins co-localises with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Synovial fibroblasts (SF) contribute to the pathogenesis of RA through increased expression of cytokines and chemoattractant factors, one of which is interleukin-16 (IL16). A study was undertaken to investigate the regulatory pathways of IL16 in SF from patients with RA (RA-SF) and osteoarthritis (OA-SF).
  
  
  METHODS
  SF were seeded in laminin-coated flasks and activated by the addition of cytokines. The expression of IL16 was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting and ELISA; its biological activity was determined by a cell migration assay. Cell-matrix interactions were investigated by cell binding and attachment assays. Relevant intracellular signalling pathways were studied by immunoblotting and with pharmacological blocking reagents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation of SF with transforming growth factor beta(1)(TGF-beta(1)) and growth on laminin-111 (LM-111) significantly increased the expression of IL16. Binding to LM-111 induced significantly more IL16 mRNA in RA-SF than in OA-SF (p<0.05). The IL16 cytokine was detected in supernatants of TGF-beta(1)-activated and in LM-111+TGF-beta(1)-activated RA-SF (38 to 62 pg/ml), but not in supernatants of OA-SF. This IL16 regulation involved p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and SMAD2 signalling, but not NFkappaB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binding of RA-SF to LM-111 in the presence of TGF-beta(1) triggers a significant IL16 response and thus may contribute to the infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into synovial tissues. This mode of IL16 induction represents a novel pathway leading to IL16 production in RA-SF but not in OA-SF, which operates independently of NFkappaB signalling.
authors.affiliation: Center for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Medical Research, D 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warstat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pap
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Angres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essl
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Cruikshank
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Aicher
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007797:Laminin / Q000276:immunology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019410:Interleukin-16; D007797:Laminin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C121346:laminin 1