title: Concentration of cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with naive, recurrent and regressed CNV associated with amd after bevacizumab treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To evaluate the concentration of various cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with naive, recurrent, and regressed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of age-related macular degeneration after bevacizumab treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Aqueous humor samples were collected from 36 eyes with age-related macular degeneration and 10 controls during cataract surgery. Of 36 patients with age-related macular degeneration, 5 eyes were naïve to bevacizumab injection, 14 eyes had recurrent CNV after bevacizumab treatment, and 17 eyes had regressed CNV after bevacizumab treatment. Cytokines were measured by an immunoassay using multianalyte biochip array technology (Evidence investigator cytokine and growth factor biochip array, RANDOX laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, UK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  : No significant difference in the cytokine levels was noted between the control group and the naïve CNV group (all P > 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor in both naive (66.8 +/- 35.1 pg/mL) and recurrent CNV groups (55.7 +/- 63.0 pg/mL) was significantly higher compared with regressed CNV group (9.8 +/- 12.8 pg/mL, P = 0.025 and P = 0.004, respectively) but was not statistically different from the control group (81.8 +/- 43.7 pg/mL, P = 0.310 and P = 0.212, respectively). The aqueous humor level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-2 was significantly lower in recurrent CNV group (P = 0.036 and P = 0.019) compared with the control group. In the active CNV patients (recurrent and naïve CNV groups), the aqueous humor levels of IL-6 and IL-8 significantly correlated with the size of CNV (rho = 0.692, P = 0.001 and rho = 0.745, P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor measured in the aqueous humor were significantly related to the disease activity of CNV in age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha may be related to the activity of CNV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi In
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Hong Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jong Baek
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyoung Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Oh Woong
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012008:Recurrence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab