title: Temporal contrast of salt delivery in mouth increases salt perception.
abstract: The impact of salt delivery in mouth on salt perception was investigated. It was hypothesized that fast concentration changes in the delivery to the receptor can reduce sensory adaptation, leading to an increased taste perception. Saltiness ratings were scored by a panel over time during various stimulation conditions involving relative changes in NaCl concentration of 20% and 38%. Changes in salt delivery profile had similar effect on saltiness perception when delivered either by a sipwise method or by a gustometer. The impact of concentration variations and frequency of concentration changes was further investigated with the gustometer method. Five second boosts and 2 s pulses were delivered during 3 sequential 10-s intervals, whereas the delivered total salt content was the same for all conditions. Two second pulses were found to increase saltiness perception, but only when the pulses were delivered during the first seconds of stimulation. Results suggest that the frequency, timing, and concentration differences of salt stimuli can affect saltiness. Specifically, a short and intense stimulus can increase salt perception, possibly through a reduction of adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. johanneke.busch@unilever.com
authors.forename: Johanneke L H C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tournier
authors.forename: Janine E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: Gonnie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology; D055697:Taste Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary