title: Music reduces patient anxiety during interfacility ground critical care transport.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interfacility ground critical care transport (CCT) of patients by ambulance may be stressful. This study evaluated whether playing music during CCT reduces patient anxiety and whether objective evidence is manifested by a change in vital signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study, music was played for eligible adult patients during CCT while recording vital signs. A questionnaire was subsequently mailed to patients to rate whether the ambulance transport was stressful, the impact music had on transport, whether music changed their anxiety, whether music made them comfortable and relaxed, and whether they would prefer music to be played on future transports. Vital signs were compared between respondents who perceived transport as stressful and those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred two patients were enrolled; 23 respondents (22.5%) constituted the study group. Four patients (17.4%) reported CCT as stressful (average response, 4.75). Nineteen (82.6%) rated CCT as not stressful (average response, 1.63). Subjectively, patients reported a positive impact of music on transport, with improved comfort and relaxation but only a minimal decrease in anxiety. No statistically significant change in vital signs was observed between cohorts; too few patients were enrolled to generate power to detect any difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy is a simple adjunct for use during CCT that may increase patient comfort and alleviate anxiety. The small number of patients in this preliminary report limits the strength of any conclusions. Larger studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. stuhlmillerd@emamd.com
authors.forename: David F E
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stuhlmiller
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamba
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014187:Transportation of Patients