title: Effects of antihypertensive treatment on ultrasound measures of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: results of a randomized trial comparing the angiotensin receptor antagonist, candesartan and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on myocardial fibrosis evaluated by echoreflectivity analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive patients (n = 196) with echocardigraphically documented left ventricular hypertrophy were randomized to candesartan 8-16 mg/day (n = 91) or enalapril 10-20 mg/day (n = 105) with possible addition of hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg/day) for 48 weeks. Echoreflectivity analysis was performed on ultrasound two-dimensional tracings of the midapex septum with a specifically designed and validated software. Colour histograms were obtained; the primary outcome variable was the treatment-related change in histogram width (broadband), previously shown to correlate with collagen volume on endomyocardial biopsy; changes in mean colour scale were secondary outcome variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echoreflectivity analysis was feasible in 84 patients (48 candesartan, 36 enalapril). Broadband decreased significantly in the candesartan (-8.0 colour levels) and in the enalapril group (-12.9 colour levels) with no significant difference between treatments (P = 0.409); no significant changes occurred in mean colour scale. Patients under monotherapy (n = 46) showed similar trends as the larger intention to treat cohort, without significant difference between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, both candesartan and enalapril induce a moderate but statistically significant reduction in an echoreflectivity index of myocardial fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Cardiovascolare, Università di Milano, Italia.
authors.forename: Michele M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ciulla
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paliotti
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuspidi
authors.forename: M Lorenza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muiesan
authors.forename: Enrico Agabiti
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rosei
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magrini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanchetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D004656:Enalapril; C081643:candesartan