title: Localization of the muscular process for arytenoid adduction surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arytenoid adduction (AA) surgery can be technically challenging, potentially limiting its utilization in general practice. Because AA often serves as an adjunct to thyroplasty type I (TTI) in the management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, this study sought to define the anatomic position of the muscular process (MP) of the arytenoid cartilage in relation to the TTI window and other key thyroid cartilage landmarks, thereby facilitating a more efficient surgical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric anatomic dissections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arytenoid MPs were identified bilaterally in eight cadavers for a total of 16 hemilarynges. The location of the MP was measured relative to the anteroinferior corner of the traditional TTI window and also relative to the roots of the superior and inferior cornua for comparison with other studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The muscular processes were located along an axial line extending posteriorly from the inferior border of the TTI window and parallel to the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage. In males, the mean distance to the MP was 26.9 mm from the anteroinferior corner of the window, whereas in females the mean distance was 18.9 mm. In all cases, the MP was inferior to the midpoint between the roots of the superior and inferior cornua (mean inferior offset = 2.7 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TTI window can be used intraoperatively to help locate the arytenoid muscular process during arytenoid adduction surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Halum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*