title: The role of computer-aided 3D surgery and stereolithographic modelling for vector orientation in premaxillary and trans-sinusoidal maxillary distraction osteogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maxillary distraction osteogenesis is a challenging procedure when it is performed with internal submerged distractors due to obligation of setting accurate distraction vectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with severe maxillary retrognathy were planned with Mimics 10.01 CMF and Simplant 10.01 software. Distraction vectors and rods of distractors were arranged in 3D environment and on STL models. All patients were operated under general anaesthesia and complete Le Fort I downfracture was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All distractions were performed according to orientated vectors. All patients achieved stable occlusion and satisfactory aesthetic outcome at the end of the treatment period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative bending of internal maxillary distractors prevents significant loss of operation time. 3D computer-aided surgical simulation and model surgery provide accurate orientation of distraction vectors for premaxillary and internal trans-sinusoidal maxillary distraction. Combination of virtual surgical simulation and stereolithographic models surgery can be validated as an effective method of preoperative planning for complicated maxillofacial surgery cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. altanv77@gmail.com
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basa
mesh_terms: D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult