title: Feasibility and application of 3-dimensional ultrasound for measurement of gastric volumes in healthy adults and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abnormal gastric accommodation to a meal results in dyspepsia. Current methods to measure gastric volume (GV) are invasive or involve ionizing radiation. The aims of this study were to compare fasting and postprandial (PP) GVs measured by (99m)Tc-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and 3-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) in adults, to assess the performance characteristics of 3D-US measurement of GV during fasting and postprandially, and to develop normative data of GVs in 24 healthy adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven adults underwent SPECT and 3D-US simultaneously to measure GV, and a second 3D-US alone within 1 week of the first study. Twenty-four adolescents underwent 1 3D-US measurement. Each study included fasting, a 300-mL Ensure meal, and 0 to 30-minute PP GV measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-US identifies GV accommodation to 300mL Ensure. Delta (0-30 minutes average PP fasting) GV was 444mL (median, interquartile range [IQR]=422, 534) for 3D-US and 543mL (median, IQR=486, 564) for SPECT (P=0.15). There were larger interindividual coefficients of variation for GV by 3D-US (60.3% fasting and 21.3% average PP) compared with 19% fasting and 9.2% PP for SPECT. Intraindividual coefficients of variation for the 2 3D-US measurements in adults were 84% fasting and 44% average PP. The estimated GVs for the adolescent group (median [25th-75th IQR]) were 33 (18-53)mL fasting, 330 (284-357)mL 30 minutes PP, and 281 (240-324)mL for delta GV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-US is a promising method to measure GV accommodation to a meal. Large coefficients of variation reflect the learning stage in development of this promising technique.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Mhd Louai
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.forename: Duane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Duane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Meixner
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callstrom
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmit
authors.forename: Mounif
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Youssef
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005215:Fasting; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012016:Reference Values; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; C082131:Ensure formulated food