title: Human alveolar bone cell proliferation, expression of osteoblastic phenotype, and matrix mineralization on porous titanium produced by powder metallurgy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at investigating the influence of the porous titanium (Ti) structure on the osteogenic cell behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porous Ti discs were fabricated by the powder metallurgy process with the pore size typically between 50 and 400 microm and a porosity of 60%. Osteogenic cells obtained from human alveolar bone were cultured until subconfluence and subcultured on dense Ti (control) and porous Ti for periods of up to 17 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultures grown on porous Ti exhibited increased cell proliferation and total protein content, and lower levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than on dense Ti. In general, gene expression of osteoblastic markers-runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein-7, and osteocalcin was lower at day 7 and higher at day 17 in cultures grown on porous Ti compared with dense Ti, a finding consistent with the enhanced growth rate for such cultures. The amount of mineralized matrix was greater on porous Ti compared with the dense one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the porous Ti is an appropriate substrate for osteogenic cell adhesion, proliferation, and production of a mineralized matrix. Because of the three-dimensional environment it provides, porous Ti should be considered an advantageous substrate for promoting desirable implant surface-bone interactions.
authors.affiliation: Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adalberto Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Grasiele Edilaine
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: Paulo Tambasco
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.forename: Louis-Philippe
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Marcio Mateus
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Beloti
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001857:Bone Matrix; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008669:Metallurgy; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase