title: [Costs associated to informal caregiving hours for older people living in rural communities [Spain]].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the costs associated with the variables that best predict hours of informal care among people living at home with some level of dependency for activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a crosssectional observational study of 241 men and women aged more than 64 years old living in rural communities (men 37.8%, women 62.2%). The mean (standard deviation) age was 81.07 (7.07) years. Through the Resident Assessment Instrument Home Care (RAI-HC) questionnaire, sociodemographic variables, ADL dependencies and caregiving hours were assessed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predictive variables in the multiple linear regression model were living alone and requiring assistance for eating, meal preparation, bed mobility, and outdoor mobility. These predictive variables explained 46.3% of the total variation in caregiving hours. Standardized b coefficients were obtained from needing help to eat (0.272) and prepare meals (0.205). Needing help to eat represented an increment of 275 annual caregiving hours and its associated cost was 2,406.15 euro/year. Becoming dependent for meal preparation represented an increment of 307.2 h and a cost of 2688.18 euro/year. Dependency had a cost of between 4,972.72 and 21,479.15 euro/year, depending on ADL limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost 50% of the costs related to the care giving hours that may be required by an elderly person with some degree of dependency can be attributed to the fact of living alone and to some ADL that can be easily evaluated, such as eating, cooking, bed mobility, and outdoor mobility.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España. pablo.moya@uclm.es
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moya Martínez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Escribano Sotos
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pardo García
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Notario Pacheco
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alfaro Orozco
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez Vizcaíno
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez Vicaíno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors