title: Lifetime psychiatric disorders and body composition: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive and anxiety disorders and indices of adiposity, including body fat mass and percent body fat, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this observational study of 979 randomly-selected women aged 20-93 years, psychiatric history was ascertained using a structured clinical interview (SCID-I/NP). Total body fat was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Medication use and lifestyle factors were self-reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those with a lifetime history of depression had increased fat mass (+7.4%) and percent body fat (+4.3%), as well as greater mean weight (+3.3%), waist circumference (+2.9%) and BMI (+3.5%) after adjustment for age, anxiety, alcohol consumption, physical activity and past smoking. Furthermore, those meeting criteria for a lifetime history of depression had a 1.7-fold increased odds of being overweight or obese (BMI>or=25), a 2.0-fold increased odds of being obese (BMI>or=30) and a 1.8-fold increased odds of having a waist circumference >or=80 cm. These patterns persisted after further adjustment for psychotropic medication use, smoking status and energy intake. No differences in any measures of adiposity were observed among those with anxiety disorders compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is potential for unrecognised confounding, interpretations are limited to women and a temporal relationship could not be inferred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was associated with greater adiposity. The difference in body fat mass was numerically greater than differences in indirect measures of adiposity, suggesting that the latter may underestimate the extent of adiposity in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences: Barwon Health, The University of Melbourne, PO Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia. lanaw@barwonhealth.org.au
authors.forename: Lana J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pasco
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Felice N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Jacka
authors.forename: Seetal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kotowicz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001315:Australia; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult