title: Bmi-1 cooperates with Foxg1 to maintain neural stem cell self-renewal in the forebrain.
abstract: Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist throughout life in two forebrain areas: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus. Why forebrain NSCs self-renew more extensively than those from other regions remains unclear. Prior studies have shown that the polycomb factor Bmi-1 is necessary for NSC self-renewal and that it represses the cell cycle inhibitors p16, p19, and p21. Here we show that overexpression of Bmi-1 enhances self-renewal of forebrain NSCs significantly more than those derived from spinal cord, demonstrating a regional difference in responsiveness. We show that forebrain NSCs require the forebrain-specific transcription factor Foxg1 for Bmi-1-dependent self-renewal, and that repression of p21 is a focus of this interaction. Bmi-1 enhancement of NSC self-renewal is significantly greater with increasing age and passage. Importantly, when Bmi-1 is overexpressed in cultured adult forebrain NSCs, they expand dramatically and continue to make neurons even after multiple passages, when control NSCs have become restricted to glial differentiation. Together these findings demonstrate the importance of Bmi-1 and Foxg1 cooperation to maintenance of NSC multipotency and self-renewal, and establish a useful method for generating abundant forebrain neurons ex vivo, outside the neurogenic niche.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 USA. fasanoc@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: Timothy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Phoenix
authors.forename: Erzsebet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokovay
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elkabetz
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dimos
authors.forename: Ihor R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Lemischka
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temple
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011247:Pregnancy; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C489565:Foxg1 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1