Evidence of frequent introductions of Japanese encephalitis virus from south-east Asia and continental east Asia to Japan.
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulating in Japan consists of viruses with multiple phylogenetic origins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that some JEV strains have recently migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries. One phylogenetic subcluster of the JEV strains circulating in Japan was closely related to viruses isolated in Vietnam and China's inland region while other JEV subclusters were related to viruses isolated in Shanghai, China. One virus subcluster, however, was isolated solely in Japan and was not found in any other Asian country. Therefore, our data suggests that the JEVs that have remained or are circulating in Japan include a mixture of viruses that have previously migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries.
Nabeshima
Takeshi
T
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Loan
Hyunh Thi Kim
HTK
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Inoue
Shingo
S
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Sumiyoshi
Makoto
M
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Haruta
Yasuhiro
Y
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Nga
Phan Thi
PT
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Huoung
Vu Thi Que
VTQ
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Del Carmen Parquet
Maria
M
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Hasebe
Futoshi
F
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
Morita
Kouichi
K
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D004463:Ecology; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005202:Asia, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA