title: Paediatric painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: To describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and pharmacological treatments of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) in children, we reviewed adult and paediatric literature pertaining to PBS/IC. Paediatric PBS/IC presents similarly to adult PBS/IC. The diagnosis is made by exclusion. Paediatric PBS/IC patients complain most commonly of urinary frequency, and abdominal pain occurs in up to 88% of affected children. Enuresis may also be a presenting complaint. Urinalysis and urine cultures are unremarkable. Management of paediatric PBS/IC is similar to that of adult PBS/IC, and non-surgical management includes dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological therapy. Pharmacological options include pentosan polysulfate, amitriptyline, hydroxyzine, cimetidine or intravesical therapies (dimethyl sulfoxide or 'therapeutic solution').
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Providence Healthcare and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sea
authors.forename: Joel M H
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Teichman
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004035:Diet Therapy; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006919:Hydroxyzine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000639:Amitriptyline; D006919:Hydroxyzine; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; D002927:Cimetidine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide