title: The possibility of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent toxic effects of Cochlodinium polykrikoides on damselfish (Chromis caerulea).
abstract: To elucidate the ichthyotoxic mechanism of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a bioassay using damselfish was conducted. After exposure to a live-cell suspension of C. polykrikoides, all the fish were died within 90 min. In the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), no significant reduction in the toxicity of C. polykrikoides on the fish was observed. Furthermore, no significant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in five strains of C. polykrikoides isolated in Japan. Our results support the idea that certain toxic substances, rather than ROS, are mainly responsible for the fish-killing activity of C. polykrikoides.
authors.affiliation: Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju-Si, Jeji Special Self-Governing Province, Korea.
authors.forename: Daekyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamatogi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Yang-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010473:Perciformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide