title: Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several metabolic studies and a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial have shown that higher vitamin C intake significantly reduces serum uric acid levels. Yet the relation with risk of gout is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined, from 1986 through 2006, the relation between vitamin C intake and risk of incident gout in 46 994 male participants with no history of gout at baseline. We used a supplementary questionnaire to ascertain the American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout. Vitamin C intake was assessed every 4 years through validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 20 years of follow-up, we documented 1317 confirmed incident cases of gout. Compared with men with vitamin C intake less than 250 mg/d, the multivariate relative risk (RR) of gout was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.97) for total vitamin C intake of 500 to 999 mg/d, 0.66 (0.52-0.86) for 1000 to 1499 mg/d, and 0.55 (0.38-0.80) for 1500 mg/d or greater (P < .001 for trend). The multivariate RR per 500-mg increase in total daily vitamin C intake was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.90). Compared with men who did not use supplemental vitamin C, the multivariate RR of gout was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49-0.88) for supplemental vitamin C intake of 1000 to 1499 mg/d and 0.55 (0.36-0.86) for 1500 mg/d or greater (P < .001 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher vitamin C intake is independently associated with a lower risk of gout. Supplemental vitamin C intake may be beneficial in the prevention of gout.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. hchoius@bu.edu
authors.forename: Hyon K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006073:Gout / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014527:Uric Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid