title: Reduction of nasal bone fractures: a comparative study of general, local, and topical anesthesia techniques.
abstract: The aim of the current study of nasal bone fracture reduction carried out under topical, local, and general anesthesia was to suggest a proper treatment of patients with nose fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient candidates for close nasal bone reduction (CNR) were divided into 3 groups: topical anesthesia (TA), local anesthesia (LA), and general anesthesia (GA), and CNR was performed. After reduction, pain scores and satisfaction and failure rates after 2 and 30 days were noted. All the patients were followed up for at least 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pain scores (TA = 2.35, LA = 2.47, and GA = 1.9) showed no significant difference among these 3 groups (P > 0.05). The percentages of the patients' satisfaction in the groups were as follows: TA = 84.6%, LA = 83.8%, and GA = 91.7%. These values had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference among the failure rates on the second day and after 1 month of follow-up (after 2 d, TA = 10%, LA = 18%, and GA = 14%, and after 1 month, TA = 2%, LA = 7%, and GA = 5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the selection of patients is done properly, CNR under TA/LA will have considerable success in comparison with GA. Topical anesthesia is suggested in simple nasal fracture with unilateral depression or minimal displacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. saeidatighechi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atighechi
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Baradaranfar
authors.forename: Sureh Allaf
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Akbari
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019233:Retreatment; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine