title: Vitreous surgery for macular hole in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
abstract: We describe two patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, both in the convalescent stage, who presented with unilateral macular holes together with clinically significant epi-retinal membranes. Vitreo-retinal surgery was performed on the affected eyes and the surgical technique involved a standard three-port vitrectomy, peeling of the epi-retinal and internal limiting membrane (ILM). In both cases the retinae were tamponaded with air resulting in anatomical closure of the macular holes. The histology of the excised membrane was available in one case and this revealed multiple layers of presumed retinal pigment epithelial cells with cytoplasmic processes and intercellular junctions forming a basal lamina attached to the smooth surface of the ILM. Our findings demonstrate that macular holes can develop in patients with VKH but that the hole can be successfully closed with vitreo-retinal surgery. The convalescent stage tends to occur several weeks after the acute stage when the uveitic process has subsided and is characterized by choroidal depigmentation, producing a sunset glow appearance to the ocular fundus. Patients may also demonstrate varying degrees of cutaneous hypopigmentation, poliosis and/or alopecia. Macular holes have also been reported previously in patients during the convalescent stage of VKH and this communication describes the outcome of two patients who underwent vitreo-retinal surgery for this problem.
authors.affiliation: Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Annabelle A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keino
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirakata
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*