title: The Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Glis3 directly and indirectly activates insulin gene transcription.
abstract: Glis3 is a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors and is highly expressed in islet beta cells. Mutations in GLIS3 cause the syndrome of neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (NDH). Our aim was to examine the role of Glis3 in beta cells, specifically with regard to regulation of insulin gene transcription. We demonstrate that insulin 2 (Ins2) mRNA expression in rat insulinoma 832/13 cells is markedly increased by wild-type Glis3 overexpression, but not by the NDH1 mutant. Furthermore, expression of both Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA is downregulated when Glis3 is knocked down by siRNA. Glis3 binds to the Ins2 promoter in the cell, detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Deletion analysis of Ins2 promoter identifies a sequence (5'-GTCCCCTGCTGTGAA-3') from -255 to -241 as the Glis3 response element and binding occur specifically via the Glis3 zinc finger region as revealed by mobility shift assays. Moreover, Glis3 physically and functionally interacts with Pdx1, MafA and NeuroD1 to modulate Ins2 promoter activity. Glis3 also may indirectly affect insulin promoter activity through upregulation of MafA and downregulation of Nkx6-1. This study uncovers a role of Glis3 for regulation of insulin gene expression and expands our understanding of its role in the beta cell.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yisheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Benny Hung-Junn
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: Ming V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000235:genetics; D006224:Cricetinae; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C583314:GLIS3 protein, rat; C478000:Glis3 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA