title: Colloidal attraction induced by a temperature gradient.
abstract: Colloidal crystals are of extreme importance for applied research and for fundamental studies in statistical mechanics. Long-range attractive interactions, such as capillary forces, can drive the spontaneous assembly of such mesoscopic ordered structures. However, long-range attractive forces are very rare in the colloidal realm. Here we report a novel strong, long-ranged attraction induced by a thermal gradient in the presence of a wall. By switching the thermal gradient on and off, we can rapidly and reversibly form stable hexagonal 2D crystals. We show that the observed attraction is hydrodynamic in nature and arises from thermally induced slip flow on particle surfaces. We used optical tweezers to measure the force law directly and compare it to an analytical prediction based on Stokes flow driven by Marangoni-like forces.
authors.affiliation: CNR-INFM, CRS-SOFT c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy. roberto.dileonardo@phys.uniforma1.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Leonardo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ianni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruocco
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002627:Chemistry, Physical / Q000379:methods; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008670:Metals; D015233:Models, Statistical; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011312:Pressure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D008670:Metals