title: Hardware acceleration of a Monte Carlo simulation for photodynamic therapy [corrected] treatment planning.
abstract: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are being used extensively in the field of medical biophysics, particularly for modeling light propagation in tissues. The high computation time for MC limits its use to solving only the forward solutions for a given source geometry, emission profile, and optical interaction coefficients of the tissue. However, applications such as photodynamic therapy treatment planning or image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography require solving the inverse problem given a desired dose distribution or absorber distribution, respectively. A faster means for performing MC simulations would enable the use of MC-based models for accomplishing such tasks. To explore this possibility, a digital hardware implementation of a MC simulation based on the Monte Carlo for Multi-Layered media (MCML) software was implemented on a development platform with multiple field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The hardware performed the MC simulation on average 80 times faster and was 45 times more energy efficient than the MCML software executed on a 3-GHz Intel Xeon processor. The resulting isofluence lines closely matched those produced by MCML in software, diverging by only less than 0.1 mm for fluence levels as low as 0.00001 cm(-2) in a skin model.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Rm. 8-324,610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada.
authors.forename: William Chun Yip
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lilge
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*