title: Prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells from patients with risk factors for cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pap smears are the most common and inexpensive screening method for cervical cancer. We analyzed micronucleus prevalence in exfoliated cervical mucosa cells, to investigate associations between increased numbers of micronuclei and risk factors for cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical cross-sectional study, at Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON).
  
  
  METHODS
  Exfoliated cervical cells were obtained from 101 patients between September 2004 and November 2005. Patients' ages, habits (passive or active smoking, alcoholism and numbers of sexual partners), age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive methods used, histories of sexually transmitted diseases, use of hormone replacement therapy, numbers of pregnancies and abortions, inflammatory cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were obtained. Cells were collected using Ayre spatulas, transferred to vials containing 0.9% saline solution for micronucleus tests and analyzed at 1000x magnification. The number of micronuclei in 1,000 epithelial cells per patient sample was counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons between groups with active (7.9 +/- 7.8) and passive (7.2 +/- 10.6) smoking versus no smoking (3.7 +/- 5.1); with/without alcoholism (7.8 +/- 1.4 and 6.9 +/- 10.1); with/without inflammatory cytology (10.7 +/- 10.5 and 1.3 +/- 1.7); and with CIN I, II and III and no CIN (respectively 4.3 +/- 4.3, 10.6 +/- 5.3, 22.7 +/- 11.9 and 1.3 +/- 1.4) found elevated micronucleus prevalence (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells was greater in patients with one or more risk factors for uterine cervical cancer than in patients without risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lízia Maria Franco dos
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reis Campos
authors.forename: Francisca da
authors.initials: Fd
authors.lastname: Luz Dias
authors.forename: Lusânia Maria Greggi
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Eddie Fernando Candido
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Murta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*