title: Historical perspectives in critical care medicine: blood transfusion, intravenous fluids, inotropes/vasopressors, and antibiotics.
abstract: Significant progress in critical care medicine has been the result of tireless observation, dedicated research, and well-timed serendipity. This article provides a historical perspective for four meaningful therapies in critical care medicine: blood transfusion, fluid resuscitation, vasopressor/inotropic support, and antibiotics. For each therapy, key discoveries and events that have shaped medical history and helped define current practice are discussed. Prominent medical and social pressures that have catalyzed research and innovation in each domain are also addressed, as well as current and future challenges.
authors.affiliation: Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Manitoba, JJ399-700 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zarychanski
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ariano
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paunovic
authors.forename: Dean D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000266:history; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000266:history*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000266:history; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000266:history; D007564:Japan; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000266:history; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D014481:United States; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006020:Glycopeptides; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D055666:Lipopeptides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000077331:Ringer's Solution