title: Oxidative stress and accelerated vascular aging: implications for cigarette smoking.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is the major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States and constitutes a major risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, including coronary artery disease and stroke. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress and inflammation provide the pathophysiological link between cigarette smoking and CAD. Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke activates leukocytes to release reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases the adherence of monocytes to the endothelium and elicits airway inflammation. Here we present an overview of the direct effects of water-soluble cigarette smoke constituents on endothelial function, vascular ROS production and inflammatory gene expression. The potential pathogenetic role of peroxynitrite formation, and downstream mechanisms including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation in cardiovascular complications in smokers are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Csiszar
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podlutsky
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolin
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Losonczy
authors.forename: Pal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ungvari
mesh_terms: D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D015538:Nitrosation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking; D014026:Nicotiana