title: Hostility and anger in: cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to mental arithmetic stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hostility and anger have been attributed as psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease. Heightened cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), and poor recovery, to provocative stressors are thought to hasten this risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between hostility and anger inhibition (AI), and the moderating situational influences of harassment and evaluation, in predicting CVR and recovery to mental arithmetic (MA) stress using a multiple regression approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 male undergraduate students engaged in the following 3 minute tasks during recording of the electrocardiogram, impedance cardiography, and blood pressure: baseline, MA, and evaluation. Hostility and AI were assessed with the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and the Speilberger Anger In subscale, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An interaction between hostility and AI showed high diastolic blood pressure reactivity to the MA task among hostile anger inhibitors. Harassment did not modify this effect. However, harasser evaluation predicted prolonged systolic blood pressure (SBP) responding among men scoring high in AI, and facilitated SBP recovery among those scoring low on AI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings highlight the interactive influences of AI and hostility in predicting CVR to stress and underscore the importance of recovery assessments in understanding the potentially pathogenic associations of these constructs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA. evella@usm.maine.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D011581:Psychological Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult