title: Pulse pressure in youth and carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Large pulse pressure associates with atherosclerosis, but it is unclear if it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis or if atherosclerosis leads to pulse pressure widening. We examined whether exposure to large pulse pressure in childhood predicts carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid intima-media thickness was measured in 2146 adults in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. These subjects have blood pressure data available dating back to their childhood (baseline in 1980, ages 3 to 18 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline pulse pressure measured in adolescence was significantly related to carotid intima-media thickness measured in adulthood 21 years later (r=0.123, P<0.0001). The relation remained significant (P=0.0029) in models adjusted for age, sex, adolescent mean arterial pressure, adult systolic pressure, adult pulse pressure, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and carotid artery diameter. Each 10 mm Hg increment in pulse pressure was associated with a 0.008-mm (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.013 mm) increase in carotid intima-media thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to wide pulse pressure in adolescence may induce changes that contribute to carotid artery intima-media thickening.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Physiology, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. olli.raitakari@utu.fi
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taittonen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult