title: Multiplex PCR testing detection of higher-than-expected rates of cervical mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and trichomonas and viral agent infections in sexually active australian women.
abstract: Knowing the prevalence of potential etiologic agents of nongonococcal and nonchlamydial cervicitis is important for improving the efficacy of empirical treatments for this commonly encountered condition. We describe four multiplex PCRs (mPCRs), designated VDL05, VDL06, VDL07, and VDL09, which facilitate the detection of a wide range of agents either known to be or putatively associated with cervicitis, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (VDL05); Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma hominis (VDL06); Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and group B streptococci (VDL07); and adenovirus species A to E (VDL09). The mPCRs were used to test 233 cervical swabs from 175 women attending a sexual-health clinic in Sydney, Australia, during 2006 and 2007. The agents detected alone or in combination in all cervical swabs (percentage of total swabs) included CMV (6.0), EV (2.1), EBV (2.6), VZV (4.7), HSV-1 (2.6), HSV-2 (0.8), HSV-2 and VZV (0.4), U. parvum (57.0), U. urealyticum (6.1), M. genitalium (1.3), M. hominis (13.7), C. trachomatis (0.4), T. vaginalis (3.4), and group B streptococci (0.4). Adenovirus species A to E and T. pallidum were not detected. These assays are adaptable for routine diagnostic laboratories and provide an opportunity to measure the true prevalence of microorganisms potentially associated with cervicitis and other genital infections.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department SEALS, Virology Division, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McIver
authors.forename: Nikolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rismanto
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Zin Wai
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: M Josephine
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lusk
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konecny
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D014244:Trichomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult