title: Is right ventricular systolic function reduced after cardiac surgery? A two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reduction in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of tricuspid annulus after cardiac surgery is a well-known phenomenon, even though its origin is not well established. Recently, a new three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic software adapted for right ventricular (RV) analysis has been validated. Aims of this study were to evaluate RV function in patients with mitral valve prolapse undergoing surgical valvular repair and to compare and correlate 3D RV ejection fraction (RVEF) with TAPSE and PSV before and after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients were studied by transthoracic 2D and 3D echocardiography pre- and 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. TAPSE (15.5 +/- 3, 16.5 +/- 3, and 18.5 +/- 4 mm at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively) and PSV (11.9 +/- 2, 12 +/- 2, and 12.8 +/- 3 cm/s at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.001) lower after surgery in comparison with pre-surgical values (TAPSE: 25.3 +/- 4 mm; PSV: 17.8 +/- 4 cm/s). On the contrary, pre-operative RVEF (58.4 +/- 4%) did not change after surgery (56.9 +/- 5, 59.5 +/- 5, and 58.5 +/- 5% at each step).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the post-operative reduction of RV performance along the long axis suggested by TAPSE and PSV, the absence of a decrease in 3D RVEF leads to caution in the interpretation of these 2D and Doppler parameters after cardiac surgery, supporting the hypothesis of geometrical rather than functional changes in the right ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Institute of Cardiology, University of Milan, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy. gtamborini@cardiologicomonzino.it
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamborini
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brusoni
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celeste
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maffessanti
authors.forename: Enrico G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Caiani
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamanni
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pepi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D013599:Systole; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology