title: Cytokine-producing effector B cells regulate type 2 immunity to H. polygyrus.
abstract: Immunity to the intestinal parasite Heligomosomoides polygyrus is dependent on the successful generation of T helper 2 (Th2) memory cells. We showed that B cells contribute to immunity against H. polygyrus by producing antibody (Ab) and by promoting expansion and differentiation of primary and memory Th2 cells. We also demonstrated that cytokine-producing effector B cells were essential for effective immunity to H. polygyrus. Tumor necrosis factor alpha production by B cells was necessary for sustained Ab production, whereas interleukin 2 production by B cells was necessary for Th2 cell expansion and differentiation. These results show that B cells mediate protection from pathogens not only by presenting antigen and secreting antibody but also by producing cytokines that regulate the quality and magnitude of humoral and cellular immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mousseau
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusser
authors.forename: Tasuko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohrs
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohrs
authors.forename: Troy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009351:Nematospiroides dubius / Q000276:immunology*; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D015847:Interleukin-4