title: Thermal impurity reactions and structural changes in slightly carbonated hydroxyapatite.
abstract: Lattice and surface impurity reactions and structural changes induced by them in slightly carbonated hydroxyapatite (SCHA) treated at 25-1100 degrees C were comprehensively studied. The SCHA was processed by a conventional wet synthesis at a high possible temperature(96 degrees C) using ammonium containing parent reagents. IR-spectroscopy, XRD, TG-DTA technique and mass spectrometric thermal analysis (MSTA) were employed for characterization of the samples. NH4+ with H3O+ in cationic-and CO3(2-) (A- and B-positions) with HPO4(2-) in anionic sites, and H2O, CO3(2-)(HCO3(-)) NO3(-), NxHy on the surface of particles were found and considered as impurity groups. Complicated changes in lattice constants of theSCHA stepwise annealed in air (for 2 h) were revealed; the changes were associated with reactions of the impurity groups. Filling the hexed sites with hydroxyl ions above 500 degrees C was shown to happen partly due to lattice reactions but was mainly owing to hydrolysis of the SCHA by water molecules in air. Decomposition of CO3(2-) groups proceeded through both thermal destruction and reactions with some of the impurity ions. The decarbonation in A-sites occurred at much lower temperatures (450-600 degrees C) than in B-sites (700-950 degrees C) and was first revealed to happen in two stages: due to an impurity reaction around 500 degrees C, and then through thermal destruction at 570 degrees C. A redistribution of CO3(2-) ions, decreasing in amount on the whole, was observed upon annealing above 500 degrees C. To avoid possible erroneous conclusions from TG-data, a sensitive method was shown to be required for monitoring gaseous decomposition products (such as the MSTA in this study), in case several impurity groups were present in a SCHA.
authors.affiliation: V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine. intercom@univer.kharkov.ua
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Zyman
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Rokhmistrov
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Glushko
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ivanov
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002244:Carbon; D017886:Durapatite