title: Retinal insulin receptor signaling in hyperosmotic stress.
abstract: In the diabetic eye, the increased accumulation of sorbitol in the retina has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Neurodegeneration is an important component of DR as demonstrated by increased neural apoptosis in the retina during experimental and human diabetes. Insulin receptor (IR) activation has been shown to rescue retinal neurons from apoptosis through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (Akt) survival cascade. In this study, we examined the IR signaling in sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stressed retinas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthamology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Raju V S
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rajala
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ivanovic
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dilly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D008967:Molecular Biology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007328:Insulin; D013012:Sorbitol; D002784:Cholesterol; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; C494923:Akt2 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D002118:Calcium