title: The assessment of recalled parental rearing behavior and its relationship to life satisfaction and interpersonal problems: a general population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parental rearing behavior is a significant etiological factor for the vulnerability of psychopathology and has been an issue of clinical research for a long time. For this scope instruments are important who asses economically recalled parental rearing behavior in a clinical practice. Therefore, a short German instrument for the assessment of the recalled parental rearing behavior Fragebogen zum erinnerten elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten (FEE) was psychometrically evaluated [Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior].
  
  
  METHODS
  This questionnaire was evaluated in a representative population sample (N = 2.948) in Germany which included 44.2% male and 55.8% female persons with a mean age of M = 47.35 (SD = 17.10, range = 18-92). For the content evaluation of the FEE the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLZ) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) was filled out by the participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FEE scales yielded a good to satisfactory internal consistency and split-half reliability. Its three factors (rejection/punishment, emotional warmth, control/overprotection) correlated positively with most of the areas of life satisfaction. Furthermore, positive associations between interpersonal problems and parental rejection and control could be identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FEE is a short, reliable and valid instrument that can be applied in the clinical practice. In addition, the data proved an association between recalled parental rearing behavior, life satisfaction and interpersonal problems conform to the literature. Finally, specific problems with the retrospective assessment of parental rearing behavior were addressed as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. katja.petrowski@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrowski
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berth
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brähler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult