title: The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts all-cause mortality in women with suspected myocardial ischemia: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE).
abstract: High triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are important cardiovascular risk factors in women. The prognostic utility of the TG/HDL-C ratio, a marker for insulin resistance and small dense low-density lipoprotein particles, is unknown among high-risk women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 544 women without prior myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization, referred for clinically indicated coronary angiography and enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Fasting lipid profiles and detailed demographic and clinical data were obtained at baseline. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke) over a median follow-up of 6 years were constructed using log TG/HDL-C ratio as a predictor variable and accounting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 57 +/- 11 years; 84% were white, 55% hypertensive, 20% diabetic, 50% current or prior smokers. Triglyceride/HDL-C ranged from 0.3 to 18.4 (median 2.2, first quartile 0.35 to <1.4, fourth quartile 3.66-18.4). Deaths (n = 33) and cardiovascular events (n = 83) increased across TG/HDL-C quartiles (both P < .05 for trend). Triglyceride/HDL-C was a strong independent predictor of mortality in models adjusted for age, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and angiographic coronary disease severity (hazard ratio 1.95, 95% CI 1.05-3.64, P = .04). For cardiovascular events, the multivariate hazard ratio was 1.54 (95% CI 1.05-2.22, P = .03) when adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, but became nonsignificant when angiographic results were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women with suspected ischemia, the TG/HDL-C ratio is a powerful independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. vbittner@uab.edu
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: B Delia
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zineh
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vido
authors.forename: Oscar C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Marroquin
authors.forename: C Noel
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bairey-Merz
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sopko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides