title: 2,4-Dinitrophenol as an effective cocatalyst: greatly improving the activities and enantioselectivities of primary amine organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions.
abstract: Seven primary amine organocatalysts 1a-g were readily prepared from natural primary amino acids via two steps and then were used to catalyze the direct asymmetric aldol reaction, but they showed very poor enantioselectivities and activities. As an effective cocatalyst, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) dramatically elevated the activities and enantioselectivities of these very inefficient primary amine organocatalysts. This remedial course to the very inefficient organocatalysts by selection and employment of the optimal cocatalyst was particularly cost-effective and environment-beneficial compared with de novo development of catalysts. The highest efficient organocatalytic system that was composed of 1f and DNP showed high enantioselectivities and good to high diastereoselectivities with a broad spectrum of seven ketones. The linear ketones and cyclopentanone got predominant syn products whereas cyclohexanone mainly gave anti products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. dachaoshan@lzu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Chao-Shan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Da
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Qi-Peng
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Feng-Chun
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.lastname: Xiao Ma
authors.forename: Ya-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007659:Ketones; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000447:Aldehydes; D000588:Amines; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007659:Ketones; C007201:cyclopentanone; C036468:cyclohexanone; D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol