Sleep apnea in pediatric neurological conditions.
Sleep apnea in neurologically compromised children is common but underrecognized. It can be secondary to diseases at all locations on the neuroaxis and may independently alter their presentation, severity, and course. As a primary and secondary illness, it is associated with significant neurological morbidities. In its severe manifestation, it can cause life-threatening short- and long-term systemic morbidities. The authors review the most recent and relevant literature and provide the pediatric neurologist with a framework with which to identify children at risk.
Szuhay
Gabor
G
Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Medicine, George Washington University of Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. gszuhay@cnmc.org
Rotenberg
Josh
J
D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012913:Snoring