title: Nature of subretinal fluid in patients undergoing vitrectomy for macular hole: a cytopathological and optical coherence tomography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outer retinal defects (ORDs) may occur after surgical closure of full thickness macular holes (FTMH) and be associated with delayed visual recovery. This may be due to the nature of the subretinal fluid (SRF) cuff and/or the loss of retinal elements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel was performed for FTMH. After fluid-air exchange, SRF was either aspirated from the hole (group 1) or left in situ (group 2). The SRF specimens obtained were examined by light microscopy and correlated with optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, cellular material was found in 6 out of 12 cases. Photoreceptors were seen in 3 and macrophages in 3 cases. Nine of 12 holes closed and ORDs were seen in 3 of these. In group 2, 7 out of 8 holes closed, with 4 having ORD. There was no difference in visual acuity (LogMAR) for closed holes at 3 months between groups 1 (0.61, range 0.3-1) and 2 (0.51, range 0.3-0.78) nor between patients with ORD (0.57, range 0.3-1.0) or without ORD (0.57, range 0.3-1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRF from FTMH may contain macrophages and photoreceptors. Such photoreceptor loss may contribute to reduced retinal function. ORDs occur commonly in spite of fluid aspiration, but their presence is still compatible with good vision. Aspiration of SRF did not appear to confer added benefit in this series.
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. enherbert@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Edward N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Hiten G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: Sanjeewa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wickremasinghe
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Luthert
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bainbridge
authors.forename: Zdenek J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Gregor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*