title: Elevated serum advanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors are associated with anaemia in older community-dwelling women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine whether serum carboxymethyl-lysine, a dominant advanced glycation end product (AGE), and circulating total receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory receptor for AGEs (esRAGE) are associated with anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  moderately severely disabled women, > or =65 years, living in the community in Baltimore, MD (the Women's Health and Aging Study I).
  
  
  METHODS
  519 women with and without anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  haemoglobin and anaemia (haemoglobin <12 g/dL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  of 519 women, 128 (24.7%) had anaemia. All odds ratios (OR) were expressed per one standard deviation. Serum CML was associated with anaemia [OR 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.95, P = 0.008] in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, race, smoking, education and chronic diseases. Serum sRAGE (ng/mL) and esRAGE (ng/mL) were associated with anaemia (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21-1.92, P = 0.0004; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18-1.87, P = 0.0006, respectively) in separate multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for the same covariates mentioned above. Serum CML (P = 0.004), sRAGE (P < 0.0001) and esRAGE (P < 0.0001) were inversely and independently associated with haemoglobin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGEs and circulating RAGE are independently associated with haemoglobin and anaemia in older women. AGEs are amenable to interventions, as serum AGEs can be lowered by a change in dietary pattern and pharmacological treatment.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Kushang V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: Linda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015142:Baltimore; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006454:Hemoglobins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine