title: Combination clomiphene citrate and antioxidant therapy for idiopathic male infertility: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of treatment with a combination of clomiphene citrate as an antiestrogen and vitamin E as an antioxidant on the incidence of pregnancy and sperm variables in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia and infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outpatient andrology clinic at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a group receiving the combination of clomiphene citrate (25 mg/day) and vitamin E (400 mg/day; n = 30) against a placebo group (n = 30). Treatment was maintained for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy incidence and variations in semen parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher pregnancy rate was found among the combination treatment group in comparison to the control group. The odds ratio was 3.76 and the 95% confidence interval was 1.03-13.64, with a 36.7% pregnancy rate (11/30) in the combination treatment group compared with 13.3% pregnancy rate (4/30) in the control group. The trial showed a significantly higher increase in sperm count and progressive sperm motility with nonsignificant changes in total sperm motility, percentage of abnormal forms and semen volume in the combination treatment group as compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of clomiphene citrate as an antiestrogen and vitamin E as an antioxidant can significantly increase the pregnancy rate and improve sperm count and progressive sperm motility in cases of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. hmghanem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shaeer
authors.forename: Amgad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Segini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005299:Fertility Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects; D055101:Semen Analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D005299:Fertility Agents; D010919:Placebos; D014810:Vitamin E; D002996:Clomiphene