title: Self-other agreement in job performance ratings: a meta-analytic test of a process model.
abstract: This meta-analysis explores agreement in self- and supervisory ratings of job performance (k = 128 independent samples). It suggests a 3-stage model of the rating process and reviews the empirical evidence for the relevance of each of these 3 stages to an understanding of agreement in ratings. The proposed 3-stage model serves as the guiding rationale for the examination of an extensive set of variables that moderate rater agreement. Results are reported for 2 indicators of rater agreement (correlational and mean-level agreement). Self-supervisor ratings yielded an overall correlation of .22 (rho = .34; k = 115; n = 37,752). Position characteristics and the use of nonjudgmental performance indicators were the main moderators. Leniency in self-ratings is indicated by higher mean levels of self-ratings compared with supervisory ratings. Within Western samples, performance self-ratings showed leniency (d = 0.32, Delta = .49; k = 89; n = 35,417) dependent on contextual features, scale format, and scale content.
authors.affiliation: Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany. h.heidemeier@jacobs-university.de
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidemeier
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003463:Cues; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015588:Observer Variation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010559:Personnel Management; D012649:Self Concept