title: Repeated electroacupuncture preconditioning attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in subsequent ischemic hemisphere.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: normal, sham-operated, MCAO and EA groups. In EA group, rats received electroacupuncture stimuli at the Baihui acupoint (GV 20) 30 minutes/day for 5 days. Twenty-four hours after last treatment, the MCAO was performed. The brain water content and BBB permeability were measured 24 hours after MCAO. MMP-9 expression and activity were measured at 6, 12 and 24 hours after MCAO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the brain water content of ischemic hemisphere was lower in EA group (81.45 +/- 1.09%) compared with MCAO group (83.98 +/- 1.30%; p<0.05). Similarly, the Evans blue content in EA group (4.90 +/- 1.77 microg/g) was lower compared with MCAO group (9.41 +/- 2.87 microg/g; p<0.05). The protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-9 increased and reached maximum at 24 hours after reperfusion. However, the protein expression was lower in EA group at 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion (p<0.01, versus MCAO group), and enzyme activity was lower in EA group only at 24 hours (p<0.01, versus MCAO group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EA preconditioning could attenuate brain edema and BBB disruption caused by subsequent cerebral ischemia. EA preconditioning could decrease MMP-9 expression and activity, which may be an important mechanism of cerebral ischemic tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qian-Zi
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Ze
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005070:Evans Blue; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005070:Evans Blue; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9