title: Online focus groups as a tool to collect data in hard-to-include populations: examples from paediatric oncology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the methodology of online focus group discussions within the setting of paediatric oncology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study consisting of separate moderated asynchronous online discussion groups with 7 paediatric cancer patients (aged 8-17), 11 parents, and 18 survivors of childhood cancer (aged 8-17 at diagnosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three participant groups could be actively engaged over a one-week period. Respondents highly valued the flexibility and convenience of logging in at their own time and place to join the discussion. Adolescent patients and survivors emphasized that the anonymity experienced made them feel comfortable to express their views in detail. The findings indicate a strong preference for online group discussions across all participant groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings show that online focus group methodology is a feasible tool for collecting qualitative data within the setting of paediatric oncology, and may offer new opportunities to collect data in other hard-to-include populations. The evaluations seem to indicate that the online group discussions have given participants an opportunity to articulate their experiences and views in a way they might not have done in a traditional group discussion.
authors.affiliation: NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), BN Utrecht, The Netherlands. k.tates@nivel.nl
authors.forename: Kiek
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tates
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwaanswijk
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dulmen
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hoogerbrugge
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kamps
authors.forename: Jozien M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bensing
mesh_terms: D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology; D009862:Online Systems; D010372:Pediatrics; D011153:Population