title: A plant-derived recombinant human glucocerebrosidase enzyme--a preclinical and phase I investigation.
abstract: Gaucher disease is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase leading to the dysfunction in multiple organ systems. Intravenous enzyme replacement is the accepted standard of treatment. In the current report, we evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel human recombinant glucocerebrosidase enzyme expressed in transformed plant cells (prGCD), administered to primates and human subjects. Short term (28 days) and long term (9 months) repeated injections with a standard dose of 60 Units/kg and a high dose of 300 Units/kg were administered to monkeys (n = 4/sex/dose). Neither clinical drug-related adverse effects nor neutralizing antibodies were detected in the animals. In a phase I clinical trial, six healthy volunteers were treated by intravenous infusions with escalating single doses of prGCD. Doses of up to 60 Units/kg were administered at weekly intervals. prGCD infusions were very well tolerated. Anti-prGCD antibodies were not detected. The pharmacokinetic profile of the prGCD revealed a prolonged half-life compared to imiglucerase, the commercial enzyme that is manufactured in a costly mammalian cell system. These studies demonstrate the safety and lack of immunogenicity of prGCD. Following these encouraging results, a pivotal phase III clinical trial for prGCD was FDA approved and is currently ongoing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00258778.
authors.affiliation: Protalix Biotherapeutics, Science Park, Carmiel, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aviezer
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brill-Almon
authors.forename: Yoseph
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaaltiel
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashmueli
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartfeld
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizrachi
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimran
authors.forename: Eithan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000201:enzymology; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000166:cytology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D005776:Gaucher Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005962:Glucosylceramidase / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014162:Transfection; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D005962:Glucosylceramidase; C090568:imiglucerase