title: Effects of intramammary infusion of cis-urocanic acid on mastitis-associated inflammation and tissue injury in dairy cows.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) on mammary gland (MG) inflammation and injury associated with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 lactating dairy cows (36 MGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  At 7-week intervals, a different MG in each cow was experimentally inoculated with E coli. At 6-hour intervals from 6 to 36 hours after inoculation, the inoculated MG in each cow was infused with 40 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 12.5mM cis-UCA, or 25mM cis-UCA (4 cows/group); ultimately, each cow received each treatment. Immediately prior to and at various time points after inoculation and treatment, milk samples were collected. Bacterial CFUs, somatic cell counts (SCCs), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and concentrations of bovine serum albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cis-UCA were quantified in each milk sample. Results-Compared with findings in saline solution-treated MGs, NAGase and LDH activities in milk samples from cis-UCA-treated MGs were lower. Cis-UCA had no effect on milk SCCs and milk concentrations of bovine serum albumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, cis-UCA had no adverse effect on bacterial clearance; CFUs of E coli in MGs treated with saline solution or cis-UCA were equivalent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cows, milk NAGase and LDH activities were both lower in E coli-infected MGs infused with cis-UCA than in those infused with saline solution, which suggests that cis-UCA reduced mastitis-associated tissue damage. Furthermore, these data indicated that therapeutic concentrations of cis-UCA in milk can be achieved via intramammary infusion.
authors.affiliation: Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bannerman
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Bryan T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Vinyard
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laihia
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014560:Urocanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014560:Urocanic Acid