title: A phase II study of celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and radiotherapy for patients with inoperable stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 up-regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have promoted chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in preclinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-institution phase II study, we sought to determine the effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiation given with celecoxib and examined biomarkers to predict response to COX-2 inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients with stage IIIA or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled in the study. All received 400 mg celecoxib twice daily continuously while on trial in addition to concurrent chemoradiation therapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Celecoxib was continued until disease progression. The overall objective response rate was 42.9%, and the median overall survival time was 203 days. In contrast to nonresponders, those patients with complete and partial responses had a significant decrease in the level of urinary 11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (PGE-M), the major metabolite of prostaglandin E(2), after 1 week of celecoxib administration. Patients with very high levels of PGE-M before initiation of therapy also responded poorly to therapy. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels did not predict response or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trial was terminated because it did not meet the predetermined goal of 80% overall response rate. In unselected patients, the addition of celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with inoperable stage IIIA/B NSCLC does not improve survival. Urinary PGE-M is a promising biomarker for predicting response to COX-2 inhibition in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mutter
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Csiki
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000652:urine; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C060526:7-hydroxy-5,11-dioxotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid; D016190:Carboplatin; D000068579:Celecoxib; D017239:Paclitaxel