title: The effect of post-injury depression on return to pre-injury function: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Millions of people seek emergency department (ED) care for injuries each year, the majority for minor injuries. Little is known about the effect of psychiatric co-morbid disorders that emerge after minor injury on functional recovery. This study examined the effect of post-injury depression on return to pre-injury levels of function.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a longitudinal cohort study with follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury: 275 adults were randomly selected from those presenting to the ED with minor injury; 248 were retained over the post-injury year. Function was measured with the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR disorders (SCID).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the post-injury year, 18.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.3-22.9] were diagnosed with depression. Adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates, the depressed group was less likely to return to pre-injury levels of activities of daily living [odds ratio (OR) 8.37, 95% CI 3.78-18.53] and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.44-7.31), less likely to return to pre-injury work status (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.04-5.38), and more likely to spend days in bed because of health (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.15-5.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis in the year after minor injury requiring emergency care. Individuals with depression did not return to pre-injury levels of function during the post-injury year.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA. terryr@nursing.upenn.edu
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Amsterdam
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ackerson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gracias
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hollander
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008603:Mental Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology*