title: Quality of life in patients with heart failure: ask the patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical condition that results in substantial impairment of quality of life (QOL). Helping patients maintain optimal QOL is essential. QOL reflects patients' subjective perceptions about the impact of a clinical condition and its treatment on daily life; however, definitions in the literature vary widely and few reflect the patient's perspective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study explored how patients with HF define and perceive QOL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative data were obtained from 14 men and 6 women with HF (mean age 58 +/- 10 years) using semistructured open-ended interviews. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with HF defined QOL as their ability to 1) perform desired physical and social activities to meet their and their family's needs; 2) maintain happiness; and 3) engage in fulfilling relationships with others. Patients perceived a variety of factors as positively or negatively affecting QOL: physical (symptoms and good or poor physical status), psychologic (mood and positive or negative perspective), economic (financial status), social (social support and ability for social activities), spiritual, and behavioral (self-care). Patients perceived that HF had a serious impact on QOL, but most evaluated their QOL as good nonetheless.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' definition of QOL reflected not only the impact of HF on their daily life but also their active pursuit of happiness. Patients' self-evaluation of QOL reflected the negative impact of HF and patients' altered expectations of what constituted good QOL.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5107, USA.
authors.forename: Seongkum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lennie
authors.forename: Chizimuzo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okoli
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012938:Social Perception; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires