title: Basal ganglia and internal capsule stroke in childhood--risk factors, neuroimaging, and outcome in a series of 28 patients: a tertiary hospital experience.
abstract: We present 28 patients with basal ganglia ischemic stroke and describe the main neurological manifestations, neuroimaging findings, risk factors, and outcome. In 23 cases, at least 1 risk factor was identified. A total of 7 cases (25%) had antecedent of varicella infection and 7 cases (25%) had preceding mild head trauma. Similar antecedents were present only in 2.6% and 5.3% of patients with nonbasal ganglia stroke, respectively (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.04-124.65 and odds ratio: 5.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-29.7). The arterial abnormalities identified in 10 patients were narrowing (6) or occlusion (4) of the M1 segment. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 19 patients had a good outcome. Magnetic resonance angiography and catheter cerebral angiography played an important role in the identification of arterial disease. We propose that basal ganglia infarction is a different group of ischemic stroke with prevalent risk factors (varicella infection and mild head trauma) and good outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. J.P. Garrahan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Buompadre
authors.forename: Hugo Antonio
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Arroyo
mesh_terms: D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome