title: Associations between endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic and bone densities in premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mammographic breast and bone mineral densities (BMD) have been associated with luteal phase hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. We assessed the associations of breast and bone densities with follicular phase hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in premenopausal women, given that follicular phase hormones have been shown to be positively associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-two 40-45-year-old women provided a spot urine and/or blood sample during the follicular phase. Hormone and SHBG concentrations, and bone density were measured and routine mammograms were accessed and digitized to obtain breast density measures. Regression models were fit to assess the associations between hormones and SHBG, and breast and bone densities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive associations were observed between percent breast density and SHBG (p trend = 0.02), as well as estradiol (p trend = 0.08), after controlling for body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, and breast feeding history. In addition, a statistically significant inverse association was observed between total testosterone and head BMD (p trend = 0.01), after controlling for BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations were observed between breast and bone densities, and serum hormone concentrations during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. myong@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Mellissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Erin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Aiello Bowles
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Westerlind
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Leisenring
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin