title: Time and frequency domain analysis of surface myoelectric signals during electrically-elicited cramps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine if different frequencies of electrical stimulation trigger different sized cramps in the abductor hallucis muscle and to analyze their surface electromyographic (EMG) behaviour in both time and frequency domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen subjects were studied. Stimulation trains of 150 pulses were applied to the muscle motor point. Frequency was increased (starting from 4pps with 2-pps steps) until a cramp developed. Current intensity was 30% higher than that eliciting maximal M-waves. After the first cramp ("threshold cramp"), a 30-minute rest was provided before a second cramp ("above-threshold cramp") was elicited with a frequency increased by 50% with respect to that eliciting the first cramp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found greater EMG amplitude and a compression of the power spectrum for above-threshold cramps with respect to threshold cramps. M-wave changes (ranging between small decreases of M-wave amplitude to complete M-wave disappearance) occurred and progressively increased throughout stimulation trains. Significant positive correlations were found between estimates of EMG amplitude during cramps and estimated reductions of M-wave amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varying frequencies of electrical stimulation triggered different sized cramps. Moreover, decreases in M-wave amplitude were observed during both threshold and above-threshold stimulations. The choice of the stimulation frequency has relevance for optimizing electrical stimulation protocols for the study of muscle cramps in both healthy and pathological subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. marcominetto@libero.it
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Minetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Grandis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult