title: Effect of maternal raspberry leaf consumption in rats on pregnancy outcome and the fertility of the female offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of herbal medicines by pregnant women is on the rise. However, there is limited information regarding the safety of these compounds during pregnancy. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore the consequences of raspberry leaf use during gestation in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle, raspberry leaf, or specific flavonoids in raspberry leaf (kaempferol or quercetin; 10 mg/kg per day) orally once breeding had been confirmed until parturition. We assessed pregnancy outcomes in the P generation and reproductive development/fertility in the F1 raspberry leaf-exposed female offspring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raspberry leaf use during pregnancy was associated with increased gestation length and accelerated reproductive development in the F1 offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study have shown for the first time that raspberry leaf use during pregnancy can have long-term consequences for the health of the offspring and raise concerns about the safety of this herbal preparation for use during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jill R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Emilija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Makaji
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.lastname: Boya Xiong
authors.forename: Denis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Crankshaw
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Holloway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000009:adverse effects*