title: Arthroscopic removal of proud metallic suture anchors after Bankart repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study presents an arthroscopic removal technique for proud metallic suture anchor after Bankart repair and analyzes the cause of anchor failures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male patients with an average age 23 years who had proud anchor on the glenoid surface were included. The diagnosis of six patients at the time of the primary surgery was traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Four patients had arthroscopic repair and two had open Bankart repair previously. Four patients complained of pain accompanying a metallic clicking sound during shoulder motion which increased with abduction and external rotation. One patient had pain with apprehension of dislocation and another patient suffered from only pain. Most symptoms had been revealed during the rehabilitation period (average 8.3 months) and confused with postoperative pain. The protruded anchors were detected through plain radiographs in four patients and during arthroscopic examination in two patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To extract the proud anchor arthroscopically, a screw driver of a larger diameter than that of the proud suture anchor was used to retrieve the anchor. A larger screw driver was striked with a hammer along the previous suture anchor hole to make a room between the suture anchor and the adjacent glenoid bone so that the hole of the suture anchor became larger. After the hole was widened, the suture anchor had enough room to move freely and it could be removed with a grasper or a mosquito easily. The location of the proud anchor was 2, 3 and 5 o'clock in three patients and 4 o'clock in three patients. In two patients, the suture anchor was malpositioned about 5 mm medial from the anterior glenoid rim. All patients had chondral damage on the humeral head.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the procedure none had shoulder instability in 3 years of follow-up. Preoperative visual analog scale score for pain was an average of 3.5. The visual analog scale score for pain was decreased to 1.2 after surgery. All patients had a slight limitation of external rotation preoperatively, and they showed a normal range of motion postoperatively. Constant score improved from 65 to 89, and similarly, American Shoulder and Elbow Society score increased from 67 to 88 after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite small numbers of patients, a successful removal of proud metal suture anchors was achieved using a large empty suture anchor screw driver, which is a simple and reproducible method to remove a proud metallic suture anchor arthroscopically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul Wooridul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D020878:Device Removal; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D053441:Suture Anchors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult