title: Demographics and outcome of elective cerclage in a multi-ethnic London district general hospital.
abstract: Elective cerclage is a rare procedure, but is reported to be relatively more common in developing countries. This variation in rate may be reflected in a multi-ethnic population as seen in London. Our study analysed the epidemiology and rate of elective cerclage performed in a London district general hospital. Factors contributing to the outcome of the procedures were also reviewed. A total of 41 elective cerclages were performed in the hospital between 2000 and 2007. Data from these were collected retrospectively, including maternal history, operative details, and gestational age at delivery. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Of the 41 cases, 19 pregnancies were carried to term (>or=37 weeks' gestation), nine were pre-term (24-36 weeks' gestation) and seven miscarried (<24 weeks' gestation); six cases had not yet delivered. All of the patients were immigrants from developing countries but ethnicity did not affect the operative outcome (p = 0.89, Fisher's exact). The other factors studied were also noted to have no significant impact on success. These included cervical length at insertion (p = 1.00, Fisher's exact), type of suture (p = 0.90, Fisher's exact) and average gestation at insertion (p = 0.20, Fisher's exact). In conclusion, all patients requiring intervention in this study originated from developing countries. This is a disproportionately high figure relative to the demographic breakdown of the study population. Such a finding may be due to geographical variation of risk factors for cervical incompetence but may also be influenced by observer bias. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the influence of ethnicity on the rate of elective cerclage. None of the variables analysed in this study significantly affected the outcome of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yoong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fakokunde
mesh_terms: D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003906:Developing Countries; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies