Movement disorders after stroke.
Many different types of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders have been reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. We searched the Medline database from 1966 to February 2008, retrieving 2942 articles from which 156 relevant case reports, case series and review articles were identified. The papers were then further reviewed and filtered and secondary references found. Here we review the different types of abnormal movements reported with anatomical correlation, epidemiology, treatment and prognosis. Post stroke movement disorders can present acutely or as a delayed sequel. They can be hyperkinetic (most commonly hemichorea-hemiballism) or hypokinetic (most commonly vascular parkinsonism). Most are caused by lesions in the basal ganglia or thalamus but can occur with strokes at many different locations in the motor circuit. Many are self limiting but treatment may be required for symptom control.
Handley
Alexandra
A
Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK.
Medcalf
Pippa
P
Hellier
Kate
K
Dutta
Dipankar
D
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult