title: Study of narrow band millimeter-wave potential interactions with endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor genes.
abstract: The main purpose of this article is to study potential biological effects of low-power millimeter waves (MMWs) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle sensitive to a wide variety of environmental insults and involved in a number of pathologies. We considered exposure frequencies around 60 GHz in the context of their near-future applications in wireless communication systems. Radiations within this frequency range are strongly absorbed by oxygen molecules, and biological species have never been exposed to such radiations in natural environmental conditions. A set of five discrete frequencies has been selected; three of them coincide with oxygen spectral lines (59.16, 60.43, and 61.15 GHz) and two frequencies correspond to the spectral line overlap regions (59.87 and 60.83 GHz). Moreover, we used a microwave spectroscopy approach to select eight frequencies corresponding to the spectral lines of various molecular groups within 59-61 GHz frequency range. The human glial cell line, U-251 MG, was exposed or sham-exposed for 24 h with a peak incident power density of 0.14 mW/cm(2). The average specific absorption rate (SAR) within the cell monolayer ranges from 2.64 +/- 0.08 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 W/kg depending on the location of the exposed well. We analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the level of expression of two endogenous ER-stress biomarkers, namely, the chaperones BiP/GRP78 and ORP150/GRP170. It was found that exposure to low-power MMW does not significantly modify the mRNA levels of these stress-sensitive genes suggesting that ER homeostasis is not altered by low-power MMW at the considered frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Intracellular Protein Homeostasis, IFR 140, UMR CNRS 6026, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Christophe Nicolas
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nicolaz
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhadobov
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desmots
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ansart
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauleau
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thouroude
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Drean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013685:Telecommunications; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger