title: Evidence of frequent introductions of Japanese encephalitis virus from south-east Asia and continental east Asia to Japan.
abstract: The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulating in Japan consists of viruses with multiple phylogenetic origins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that some JEV strains have recently migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries. One phylogenetic subcluster of the JEV strains circulating in Japan was closely related to viruses isolated in Vietnam and China's inland region while other JEV subclusters were related to viruses isolated in Shanghai, China. One virus subcluster, however, was isolated solely in Japan and was not found in any other Asian country. Therefore, our data suggests that the JEVs that have remained or are circulating in Japan include a mixture of viruses that have previously migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabeshima
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hyunh Thi Kim
authors.initials: HTK
authors.lastname: Loan
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Phan Thi
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Nga
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vu Thi Que
authors.initials: VTQ
authors.lastname: Huoung
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Carmen Parquet
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto-machi 1-12-4, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D004463:Ecology; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005202:Asia, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA