title: Incidence, management, and prevention of perioperative complications of GreenLight HPS laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy: experience in the first 70 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the incidence, prevention, and management of perioperative adverse events in patients treated with GreenLight HPS laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A side-firing GreenLight HPS laser system was used to perform transurethral PVP. American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life score, Sexual Health Inventory for Men score, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postsurgery. Preoperative and 3-month postsurgery volumetric prostate measurements with transrectal ultrasonography, operative times (laser and total), and energy usage were recorded. Serum PSA was obtained at the 12- and 52-week visit. Adverse events were recorded perioperatively and at each follow-up interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy consecutive patients with a median age of 67 (45-87) years, median prostate volume of 61.6 (20.9-263.0) mL, and median PSA of 1.4 (0.1-10.1) ng/mL underwent GreenLight HPS laser PVP from July 2006 through March 2008. All procedures were performed in an outpatient setting, with a mean laser time of 13 (3-34) minutes, mean total operative time of 30 (6-100) minutes, and mean energy usage of 85 (11-235) kJ. Perioperative complications included intraoperative bleeding (1.4%), postoperative clinically nonsignificant hematuria (78.5%), hematuria requiring clot evacuation (1.4%), urinary retention requiring recatheterization (2.8%), urinary tract infection (4.3%), and prostatitis (1.4%). No urethral strictures, bladder neck contracture, or urinary incontinence were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GreenLight HPS laser PVP appears to have a low incidence of perioperative adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaliviero
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Culkin
authors.forename: Carson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002404:Catheterization; D003710:Demography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome