title: Cost effectiveness of breast cancer screening with contrast-enhanced MRI in high-risk women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the cost effectiveness of breast cancer screening with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with and without adjunctive x-ray mammography (XM), compared with XM alone in high-risk women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model was developed to depict the consequences of screening with MRI and/or XM for cohorts of 10,000 women with BRCA1/2 mutations and women with other high-risk characteristics, respectively. The model predicted the number of women correctly and incorrectly diagnosed with each strategy and lifetime consequences in terms of additional care, patient utilities, life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Cost effectiveness was calculated in terms of cost per QALY gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 400 women (of 10,000) with BRCA1/2 mutations and undiagnosed breast cancer, 361 cases would be detected with MRI and XM, 290 with MRI, and 160 with XM. False-positive results would total 1,526, 1,190, and 528, respectively. Cost per QALY gained with MRI and XM compared with XM alone for women with BRCA1/2 mutations was $25,277. Among other high-risk women, cost per QALY gained with MRI and XM compared with XM alone varied depending on the prevalence of breast cancer, ranging from $45,566 (300 cases) to $310,616 (50 cases). The cost effectiveness of MRI alone compared with XM alone was similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening with MRI, alone or in combination with XM, in women with BRCA1/2 mutations is cost effective by current standards compared with XM alone. In women with other high-risk characteristics, MRI screening may also be cost effective, depending on the expected prevalence of undiagnosed breast cancer at the time of screening.
authors.affiliation: Policy Analysis Inc, Brookline, Massachusetts 02445, USA. ctaneja@pai2.com
authors.forename: Charu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edelsberg
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weycker
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media