title: FOXP3 up-regulates p21 expression by site-specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 2/histone deacetylase 4 association to the locus.
abstract: p21 loss has been implicated in conferring oncogenic activity to known tumor suppressor gene KLF4 and cancer drug tamoxifen. Regulators of p21, therefore, play critical roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we report that X-linked tumor suppressor FOXP3 is essential for p21 expression in normal epithelia and that lack of FOXP3 is associated with p21 down-regulation in breast cancer samples. A specific FOXP3 binding site in the intron 1 is essential for p21 induction by FOXP3. FOXP3 specifically inhibited binding of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC4 to the site and increased local histone H3 acetylation. Short hairpin RNA silencing of either HDAC2 or HDAC4 is sufficient to induce p21 expression. Our data provides a novel mechanism for transcription activation by FOXP3 and a genetic mechanism for lack of p21 in a large proportion of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunotherapy and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lizhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guoyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D002843:Chromatin; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C400300:HDAC4 protein, human; C533424:Hdac2 protein, mouse; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases