title: Evaluation of chikusetsusaponin IVa isolated from Alternanthera philoxeroides for its potency against viral replication.
abstract: Chikusetsusaponin IVa and calenduloside E were isolated from the whole plant of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (Amaranthaceae) and evaluated for their antiviral activities. Chikusetsusaponin IVa showed antiviral activities against HSV-1, HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus, measles virus, and mumps virus with selectivity indices (CC (50)/IC (50)) of 29, 30, 73, 25, and 25, respectively. On the other hand, calenduloside E showed no antiviral effects against any of the viruses tested. The mode of HSV-2 action of chikusetsusaponin IVa was determined under different experimental conditions. The anti-HSV-2 target of the compound might be mainly related to direct inactivation of virus particles and to the inhibition of release of progeny viruses from infected cells, but it is not related to inhibition of viral attachment, cell penetration, and viral protein synthesis. This compound also provided in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of genital herpes caused by HSV-2. These results demonstrate that chikusetsusaponin IVa might be a candidate of antiherpetic agents.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ariya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rattanathongkom
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Bung-orn
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Sripanidkulchai
authors.forename: Tripetch
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanchanapoom
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D027703:Amaranthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; C543984:calenduloside E; C098580:chikusetsu saponin IVa; D009828:Oleanolic Acid