title: Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis and analysis of plasma conjugated gamma-CEHC and sulfated long-chain carboxychromanols, metabolites of vitamin E.
abstract: Natural forms of vitamin E are metabolized by omega-hydroxylation and beta-oxidation of the hydrophobic side chain to generate urinary-excreted 2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (CEHC) and CEHC conjugates (sulfate, glucuronide, or glucoside). We recently showed that sulfated long-chain carboxychromanols, the conjugated intermediate beta-oxidation products, are formed from tocopherols and tocotrienols in human cells and in rats. CEHC conjugates have been quantified after being converted to its unconjugated counterpart by sulfatase/glucuronidase. Although the enzymatic hydrolysis is critical for appropriate quantification of conjugated CEHC, it is not clear whether brief incubation of the plasma with sulfatases/glucuronidases results in complete deconjugation of conjugated CEHC. Here we show that quantitative hydrolysis of the conjugated vitamin E metabolites in the plasma requires an extraction procedure using methanol/hexane (2 ml/5 ml) and an overnight sulfatase/glucuronidase hydrolysis. Using this procedure, we demonstrate that conjugated gamma-CEHC and some sulfated long-chain carboxychromanols are fully deconjugated. In contrast, direct enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole plasma underestimates the conjugated metabolites by at least threefold. This protocol may be also useful for the analysis of other conjugated phenolic compounds in complicated biological matrices such as plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. qjiang@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freiser
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002839:Chromans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000378:metabolism; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D006586:Hexanes; D024508:Tocotrienols; C483420:carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman; D014810:Vitamin E; D013429:Sulfatases; D005966:Glucuronidase; D024505:Tocopherols; D000432:Methanol