title: Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes.
abstract: Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are frequent pathogens with a seroprevalence of over 90% in adults. Recent studies on these viruses have increased the number of HPeV types to eight. Here we analyse the complete genome of one clinical isolate, PicoBank/HPeV1/a, and VP1 and 3D protein sequences of PicoBank/HPeV6/a, isolated from the same individual 13 months later. PicoBank/HPeV1/a is closely related to other recent HPeV1 isolates but is distinct from the HPeV1 Harris prototype isolated 50 years ago. The availability of an increasing number of HPeV sequences has allowed a detailed analysis of these viruses. The results add weight to the observations that recombination plays a role in the generation of HPeV diversity. An important finding is the presence of unexpected conservation of codons utilized in part of the 3D-encoding region, some of which can be explained by the presence of a phylogenetically conserved predicted secondary structure domain. This suggests that in addition to the cis-acting replication element, RNA secondary structure domains in coding regions play a key role in picornavirus replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Çiğdem H
authors.initials: ÇH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panayiotou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Girling
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Curtis I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Peard
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.affiliation: Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.|Department of Virology, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyöty
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stanway
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral