title: Forehead trauma outcomes: restoration of brain, soft tissues, and bone defects: a 3-step treatment.
abstract: Head injuries are one of the most common causes of treatment in the emergency and accidents ward. The first causes of head traumatology are still car or motorcycle accidents, followed by personal aggressions. The authors here present a case of forehead trauma outcome after a severe injury in growing age. The interesting aspect is the triple challenge of cerebral, bone, and soft tissue restoration. The main goal was to restore functionality of the brain and to re-establish the integrity of cranial vault. Excision of pathologic cerebral cortex and well-known surgical techniques have been adopted to achieve this result. Moreover, the peculiar technique that led to the good result was to create a barrier between bone layer and soft tissues. The authors present their personal suggestions for the best functional and aesthetic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cascone
authors.forename: Cascone
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piero
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gennaro
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolo
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramieri
authors.forename: Ramieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Esposito
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vincenzo
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005546:Forehead / Q000293:injuries*; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D016896:Treatment Outcome