title: Acenocoumarol and pregnancy outcome in a patient with mitral valve prosthesis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable controversy concerning the correct management of gravid patients with cardiac valve prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the uneventful course of pregnancy and delivery in a pregnant patient with a mechanical heart valve receiving anticoagulation treatment. A 35-year-old primigravida received anticoagulation throughout pregnancy because of mitral valve replacement at the age of 16 due to rheumatic disease. The antithrombotic regimen used was acenocoumarol (coumarin derivative) 2 mg/day throughout the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy with replacement of acenocoumarol by enoxaparin sodium 60 mg twice daily (low-molecular-weight heparin - LMWH) in the 1st trimester during weeks 7-12. International normalization ratio (INR) values were kept above 2.5. At 36 weeks of gestation, acenocoumarol was substituted with unfractionated heparin and 2 days later the patient entered spontaneous premature labor and was emergently delivered via cesarean section (INR = 1.4). A healthy male infant was born 2,560 g, Apgar scores 8 and 10 at 1 and 5 min. No coumarin embryopathy was revealed and the postoperative course of the mother was uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though the use of acenocoumarol throughout pregnancy replaced by LMWH in the 1st trimester was proven safe and efficacious in this case report, large randomized controlled studies are still needed to make definitive recommendations about optimal antithrombotic therapy in pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves.
authors.affiliation: Alexandra Maternity Hospital, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papoutsis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loutradis
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
mesh_terms: D000074:Acenocoumarol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D000074:Acenocoumarol