title: Conservation and variation of the parapoxvirus GM-CSF-inhibitory factor (GIF) proteins.
abstract: The GIF protein of orf virus (ORFV) binds and inhibits the ovine cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). An equivalent protein has so far not been found in any of the other poxvirus genera and we therefore investigated whether it was conserved in the parapoxviruses. The corresponding genes from both the bovine-specific pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) were cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequences of the PCPV and BPSV proteins shared 88 and 37 % identity, respectively, with the ORFV protein. Both retained the six cysteine residues and the WSXWS-like motif that are required for biological activity of the ORFV protein. However, an analysis of the biological activity of the two recombinant proteins revealed that, whilst the PCPV GIF protein bound to both ovine and bovine GM-CSF and IL-2 with very similar binding affinities to the ORFV GIF protein, no GM-CSF- or IL-2-binding activity was found for the BPSV protein.
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deane
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Percival
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McInnes
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009923:Orf virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018157:Parapoxvirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010285:Pseudocowpox Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C403419:GIF protein, orf virus; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014764:Viral Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor