How to make a fragile network robust and vice versa.
We investigate topologically biased failure in scale-free networks with a degree distribution P(k) proportional, variantk;{-gamma}. The probability p that an edge remains intact is assumed to depend on the degree k of adjacent nodes i and j through p_{ij} proportional, variant(k_{i}k_{j});{-alpha}. By varying the exponent alpha, we interpolate between random (alpha=0) and systematic failure. For alpha>0 (<0) the most (least) connected nodes are depreciated first. This topological bias introduces a characteristic scale in P(k) of the depreciated network, marking a crossover between two distinct power laws. The critical percolation threshold, at which global connectivity is lost, depends both on gamma and on alpha. As a consequence, network robustness or fragility can be controlled through fine-tuning of the topological bias in the failure process.
Moreira
André A
AA
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Andrade
José S
JS
Herrmann
Hans J
HJ
Indekeu
Joseph O
JO