title: HIV-1 Vpr: regulator of viral survival.
abstract: The HIV-1 Vpr protein is a viral accessory protein that plays a number of important roles during HIV infection. The activities of Vpr are numerous and include the induction of apoptosis, the modulation of cell cycle arrest, as well as control of viral transcription. Study of HIV clones lacking Vpr in vitro and analysis of HIV variants isolated from long-term nonprogressors in vivo highlight the importance of Vpr for viral replication as well as immune suppression and cell death. Vpr may therefore be considered among the most important accessory proteins encoded by HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Khanh P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Thieu
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Devon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shedlock
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schoenly
authors.forename: Karthikbabu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mallilankaraman
authors.forename: Andrew Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fagone
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Karuppiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muthumani
mesh_terms: D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D014779:Virus Replication; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514912:vpr protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1