In vivo visualization of nitric oxide and interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium following hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion.
OBJECTIVE
We examined changes in nitric oxide (NO) distribution in the mesenteric microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (H/R), and correlated NO production to leukocyte and platelet behavior.


METHODS
The behavior of leukocytes and platelets in mesenteric venules was observed by intravital microscopy at 0.5 and 24 h after H/R in male Wistar rats. Transvascular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin was assessed by epi-illumination. The NO-sensitive dye, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate, was used for imaging NO release.


RESULTS
H/R significantly increased vascular albumin leakage and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets (P < 0.05). In H/R 0.5 h rats, NO production in the venular endothelium declined. However, NO production was elevated in H/R 24 h rats in mast cells (P < 0.05). Leukocyte adherence, platelet adherence, and venular permeability were attenuated by iNOS inhibition.


CONCLUSIONS
Mesenteric endothelial cell dysfunction after H/R 0.5 h is associated with reduced NO, whereas after H/R 24 h is related to increase NO in mast cells.
Hiratsuka
Mie
M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
Katayama
Tomihiro
T
Uematsu
Kazuhiko
K
Kiyomura
Masaki
M
Ito
Masaharu
M
D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000473:pathology*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
D009569:Nitric Oxide