title: Neoplasia in prosimians: case series from a captive prosimian population and literature review.
abstract: Neoplastic diseases in prosimians have been sporadically reported in the literature. To provide a comprehensive review of prosimian neoplasia, a retrospective evaluation of neoplasia in a large captive prosimian colony and an extensive literature review were performed. Primates that belong to the Order Primata, Suborder Prosimii with histologic evidence of neoplasia were included. One hundred twenty-three cases of spontaneous neoplasia were identified in 101 prosimians from the Duke Lemur Center, and 124 cases were reported in 116 prosimians in the literature. Overall, this review compiled a total of 247 neoplasms in 217 prosimians. Of the 217 affected animals, 88 of 217 were males (41%), 100 of 217 were females (46%), and sex was not reported in 29 of 217 (13%). Ages ranged from 2 days to 36 years. Prosimian families represented were Lemuridae (80/217 [37%]), Cheirogaleidae (61/217 [28%]), Galagidae (44/217 [20%]), Lorisidae (28/217 [13%]), and Indriidae (4/217 [2%]). The most commonly affected species were the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) (28/217 [13%]), thick-tailed greater bush baby (Otolemur crassicaudatus) (23/217 [11%]), and black lemur (Eulemur macaco) (19/217 [9%]). Organ systems affected, in order of descending occurrence, were digestive (75/247 [30%]), reproductive (40/247 [16%]), hematopoietic (34/247 [14%]), integumentary (28/247 [11%]), endocrine (26/247 [11%]), and urinary (17/247 [7%]). The respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems were infrequently affected. The most common neoplasms were hepatocellular (32/247 [13%]), lymphoma and/or leukemia (29/247 [12%]), biliary (15/247 [6%]), and mammary neoplasms (12/247 [5%]). This article should serve as a valuable reference for the types and relative frequencies of neoplasms that occur in prosimian species.
authors.affiliation: WIL-Biotechnics, LLC, Hillsborough, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Remick
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Van Wettere
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D011443:Strepsirhini