title: Delayed diagnosis of HIV infection in a multicenter cohort: prevalence, risk factors, response to HAART and impact on mortality.
abstract: To study the prevalence of Delayed HIV Diagnosis (DHD) and its associated risk factors, to evaluate the effect of DHD on virological and immunological responses to HAART and to estimate the impact of DHD on all-causes mortality. Prospective cohort of 2, 564 HIV-positive HAART-naïve subjects attending 19 hospitals in Spain, 2004-2006. Estimations were made by logistic regression and survival analyses by Cox regression models. Prevalence of DHD was 37.3% (35.0-39.6). DHD was related to low educational level (OR:1.31, 95% CI:1.0-1.7). Compared to men who have sex with men (MSM), DHD was more frequent in heterosexuals (OR:1.9 95% CI:1.5-2.5) and injection drug users (IDUs) (OR:2.0 95% CI:1.5-2.8). An interaction between age and sex was found. Although risk of having DHD did not increase after age 30 in women, it increased linearly with age in men. No differences in virological (OR 1.2 95% CI: 0.8-1.8) and CD4 T cell (OR 1.1 95% CI: 0.7-1.8) responses to HAART were seen. The adjusted hazard ratio for death in patients with DHD was 5.2, (95% CI: 1.9-14.5). DHD is very common, especially in older men, heterosexuals and IDUs. Although we did not find differences in virological and immunological responses to HAART, we did observe higher mortality in people with DHD. Increased efforts to early diagnose HIV infection are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Red de Investigación en Sida, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. psobrino@isciii.es
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sobrino-Vegas
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-San Miguel
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Caro-Murillo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.forename: Pompeyo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viciana
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tural
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saumoy
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Amo
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult