title: Marginal adaptation of root-end filling materials: an in vitro study with teeth and replicas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of five root-end filling materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty human single-rooted teeth were resected 3 mm from the apex. Root-end cavities were then prepared using an ultrasonic tip and filled with one of the following materials: silver amalgam without zinc, white MTA-Angelus, white Portland cement (PC), Vitremer, and GC Fuji Ortho LC. The apical portion of the roots was then sectioned to obtain two 1 mm thick transversal sections. Epoxy resin replicas of these apical sections were fabricated for an analysis of marginal adaptation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine gaps in the adaptation of the root-end filling materials at the interface between them and the dentin. The Kruskal-Wallis test and a multiple comparison test were used for statistical data analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the results found for teeth and replicas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Materials containing calcium oxide (MTA and PC) showed similar results. Resin modified glass ionomer cements (GICs) presented similar variations in marginal adaptation, but Vitremer showed significantly greater marginal adaptation when compared to GC Fuji Ortho LC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive and significant correlation was observed between marginal adaptation values found in the teeth and their replicas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ionomers as root-end filling materials may improve clinical outcomes in periradicular surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. alinec@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Aline Tempel
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konrath
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dedavid
authors.forename: João Batista Blessmann
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Marilia Gerhardt
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000379:methods; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D016628:Replica Techniques; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C084550:Vitremer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D006171:Gutta-Percha