title: Increase in transglutaminase 2 expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation in breast cancer tissues.
abstract: Activation of NF-kappaB is reported in breast cancers. NF-kappaB inhibition in breast cancer cell lines results in an increase in apoptosis. However, the reason for continuous activation of this transcription factor in breast cancer is currently unclear. Interestingly, elevated transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) expression is additionally observed in breast cancer. Recent studies showed that doxorubicin-resistant cells contain a higher level of TGase 2, compared to doxorubicin-sensitive cells. Moreover, increasing the level of TGase 2 in breast cancer cells by transient transfection leads to decreased expression of the inhibitory subunit ?of NF-kappaB (I-kappaBA), and up regulation of NF-kappaB activity. Our data show that TGase 2 expression is inversely correlated with the level of I-kappaBa in breast tumors, implying that the enzyme is responsible for the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in breast tumors.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncolgy Branch, Division of Basic and Applied Sciences, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Kyonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Seo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dae-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Chae
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Soo-Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins