Healthy lifestyle and preventable death: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of baseline combination of 6 lifestyle factors on all-cause mortality.


METHODS
A total of 62,106 Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years were followed for 12.5 years on average. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality in relation to healthy lifestyle factors (not currently smoking, not heavily drinking, walking 1 h or more per day, sleeping 6.5 to 7.4 h per day, eating green-leafy vegetables almost daily and BMI between 18.5 and 24.9) were calculated from proportional-hazards regression models. We also estimated population-attributable fractions of death to address the impact of potential lifestyle modifications on mortality.


RESULTS
Until 2003, 8497 deaths were observed. Age-adjusted HR of all-cause mortality for the group with 6 healthy lifestyle factors was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.32-0.56) among men and 0.49 (0.39-0.60) among women, respectively, compared with the group with 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors. Even at ages 60-79 years, a healthy lifestyle has a major impact on mortality. Had the subjects achieved even a 1-point increment in their lifestyle scores, death rates of 24.7% among men and 18.5% among women could have been reduced.


CONCLUSIONS
We found an inverse association between baseline combination of 6 healthy lifestyle factors and all-cause mortality as well as its impact on preventable fraction of death. Our results also demonstrated that healthy lifestyle behaviors are important even in old age.
Tamakoshi
Akiko
A
Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. tamaa@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
Tamakoshi
Koji
K
Lin
Yingsong
Y
Yagyu
Kiyoko
K
Kikuchi
Shogo
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires