title: Heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in barbecued sardines (Sardina pilchardus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
abstract: The formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) during barbecuing of sardines ( Sardina pilchardus ) and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) to various degrees of doneness and grilling conditions was evaluated by HPLC-diode array (DAD)/fluorescence (FLD) detection. Additionally, the influences of charcoal and electric heat sources on formation of HAs in grilled salmon were compared. With regard to sardine samples barbecued at 280-300 degrees C, "rare" samples produced nondetectable amounts of HAs, "medium" sardines presented IQ, MeIQx, PhIP, and AalphaC at levels of 1.9, 4.4, 3.3, and 2.0 ng/g, respectively, and "well done" sardines presented IQ, MeIQx, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, PhIP, AalphaC, and MeAalphaC at levels of 0.9, 2.2, 1.8, 8.2, 6.5, 17.7, and 10.6 ng/g, respectively. Different qualitative and quantitative profiles of HAs were observed in sardine and salmon samples cooked under similar conditions of temperature and doneness. Levels of 13.3, 3.5, 1.13, and 3.18 ng/g were obtained, respectively, for PhIP, AalphaC, MeAalphaC, and Glu-P-1 in salmon samples barbecued at 280-300 degrees C. The contents of HAs were significantly higher in these samples than in salmon samples barbecued at 180-200 degrees C or in the electric device. However, MeIQx content (0.5 ng/g) was lower in salmon samples barbecued at 280-300 degrees C than in the other samples.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Servico de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Viegas
authors.forename: Armindo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petisca
authors.forename: Olívia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: Isabel M P L V O
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis; D020317:Salmo salar
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009153:Mutagens