title: Analyses of TGF-beta1-inducible Ig germ-line gamma2b promoter activity: involvement of Smads and NF-kappaB.
abstract: TGF-beta1 directs class switch recombination to IgG2b as well as IgA. We have shown that Smad3/4, Runx3, and p300 mediate TGF-beta1-induced germ-line (GL) gamma2b transcription and that there is a potential Smad-binding element (SBE, CAGAC, -38/-34) and Runx-binding element (TGTGGGT, +41/+47) in the promoter region. Here, we have characterized more putative transcription factor-binding elements in the promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that two more putative SBE (GTCTG, -67/-63 and +38/+42) are relevant to TGF-beta1-induced GLgamma2b promoter activity, a finding that was confirmed by EMSA. However, neither overexpression of Ets (i.e. Elf-1, Fli-1, or Pu.1) nor a mutation deleting a putative Ets-binding element (CAGGAA, -4/+2) affected basal or TGF-beta1-induced promoter activity. On the other hand, NF-kappaB repressed promoter activity without direct binding to two putative NF-kappaB-binding elements (GGACTCCCC, -63/-55; GGGCCTTTCC,+237/+246). Instead, NF-kappaB overexpression increased the expression of Smad7 transcripts. Moreover, p300 overexpression failed to rescue the inhibitory effect of NF-kappaB on GLgamma2b promoter activity. These results indicate that there are multiple SBE relevant to GLgamma2b promoter activity and that NF-kappaB acts in cooperation with p300 to downregulate promoter activity through increasing the gene expression of inhibitory Smad7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwondo, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Goo-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seok-Rae
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Pyeung-Hyeun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D054448:Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; D015342:DNA Probes; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; C493730:Runx3 protein, mouse; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein; C494361:Ep300 protein, mouse