title: The study of three-dimensional reconstruction of Chinese adult liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To build a three-dimensional (3D) visible model of human liver and provide visualization of precise anatomical structures for making plans for hepatic operations and obtain accurate simulation of liver on computer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the Chinese Visible Human data set, the hepatic structures were precisely segmented by Photoshop software. Then the segmented structures were reconstructed in surface rendering method and the hepatic parenchyma and the other parts of upper abdomen were reconstructed with volume rendering method by using our software on personal computer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 3D model of human liver and its surrounding structures was built. The reconstructed structures can be displayed singly, in small groups or as a whole and can be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities. This model can help doctors to understand the spatial structure of the liver and its surrounding organs and also help surgeons to devise a reasonable surgical plan and reduce the risk of surgical malpractice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining volume-rendering reconstruction with surface rendering reconstruction can overcome some of the defects of both rendering reconstructions. The reconstructed liver and the main internal structures are realistic, which demonstrate the natural shape and exact position of the structures. They provide an accurate anatomical model for Chinese adult and also provide a basis for performing virtual hepatic operation.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Hospital, Institute of Hepato-biliary Surgery, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao tanyan Street, Sha pingba, 400038 Chongqing, China. cgang997@163.com
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shao-Xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Guang-Jiu
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jia-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D012984:Software; D053443:Visible Human Projects