title: Intermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few randomised studies have compared intermittent hormonal therapy (IHT) with continuous therapy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intermittent therapy is associated with a shorter time to progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  766 patients with locally advanced or metastatic PCa received a 3-mo induction treatment. The 626 patients whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreased to <4 ng/ml or to 80% below the initial value were randomised.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received cyproterone acetate (CPA) 200mg for 2 wk and then monthly depot injections of a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue plus 200mg of CPA daily during induction. Patients randomised to the intermittent arm ceased treatment, while those randomised to the continuous arm received 200mg of CPA daily plus an LHRH analogue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measurement was time to subjective or objective progression. Secondary outcomes were survival and quality of life (QoL). Time off therapy in the intermittent arm was also recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  127 patients from the intermittent arm and 107 patients from the continuous arm progressed, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-1.05, p=0.11). There was no difference in survival, with an HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.80-1.23) and 170 deaths in the intermittent arm and 169 deaths in the continuous arm. The greater number of cancer deaths in the intermittent treatment arm (106 vs 84) was balanced by a greater number of cardiovascular deaths in the continuous arm (52 vs 41). Side-effects were more pronounced in the continuous arm. Men treated with intermittent therapy reported better sexual function. Median time off therapy for the intermittent patients was 52 wk (95% CI: 39.4-65.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHT should be considered for use in routine practice because it is associated with no reduction in survival, no clinically meaningful impairment in QoL, better sexual activity, and considerable economic benefit to the individual and the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal. calais@seug-gpgu.org
authors.forename: Fernando E C
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Calais da Silva
authors.forename: Aldo V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brausi
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marques Queimadelos
authors.forename: Jose A Portillo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kirkali
authors.forename: Fernando M V
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Calais da Silva
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen