title: Molecular assembly of an aptamer-drug conjugate for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells.
abstract: The conjugation of antitumor drugs to targeting reagents such as antibodies is a promising method that can increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce the overall toxicity of the drugs. In this study, we covalently link the antitumor agent doxorubicin (Dox) to the DNA aptamer sgc8c, which was selected by the cell-SELEX method. In doing so, we expected that this sgc8c-Dox conjugate would specifically kill the target CCRF-CEM (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell ALL) cells, but with minimal toxicity towards nontarget cells. The results demonstrated that the sgc8c-Dox conjugate possesses many of the properties of the sgc8c aptamer, including high binding affinity (K(d)=2.0+/-0.2 nM) and the capability to be efficiently internalized by target cells. Moreover, due to the specific conjugation method, the acid-labile linkage connecting the sgc8c-Dox conjugate can be cleaved inside the acidic endosomal environment. Cell viability tests demonstrate that the sgc8c-Dox conjugates not only possess potency similar to unconjugated Dox, but also have the required molecular specificity that is lacking in most current targeted drug delivery strategies. Furthermore, we found that nonspecific uptake of membrane-permeable Dox to nontarget cell lines could also be inhibited by linking the drug with the aptamer; thus, the conjugates are selective for cells that express higher amounts of target proteins. Compared to the less effective Dox-immunoconjugates, these sgc8c-Dox conjugates make targeted chemotherapy more feasible with drugs having various potencies. When combined with the large number of recently created DNA aptamers that specifically target a wide variety of cancer cells, this drug-aptoconjugation method will have broad implications for targeted drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dihua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shangguan
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D052156:SELEX Aptamer Technique
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D004337:Drug Carriers; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D004317:Doxorubicin