title: Renal phenotype of ET-1 transgenic mice is modulated by androgens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of the endothelin (ET) system promotes inflammation and fibrosis in various tissues including the kidney. Male ET-1 transgenic mice are characterized by chronic kidney inflammation and renal scarring. We hypothesized that this renal phenotype might be modulated by androgens. Thus the aim of our study was to elucidate the impact of gonadectomy in ET-1 transgenic mice on kidney function and morphology. -
  
  
  METHODS
  Male ET-1 transgenic mice at the age of 10 weeks were randomly allocated to the following groups: normal ET transgenic mice (ET; n = 17) and ET transgenic mice that underwent castration (ET + cas; n = 12). Study duration was 9 months. Creatinine clearance and protein excretion was monitored. At study end animals were sacrificed and kidneys were harvested for histology/immunhistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Castration significantly ameliorated glomerulosclerosis in ET-1 transgenic mice (ET glomerulosclerosis-score: 3.0 +/- 0.17 vs ET+cas: 2.4 +/- 0.17; p < 0.05) as well as renal perivascular fibrosis (ET fibrosis-score: 3.0 +/- 0.14 vs ET + cas: 2.2 +/- 0.14; p < 0.05). However, interstitial fibrosis and media/lumen-ratio of renal arteries remained unaffected by castration. Regarding inflammation, castration significantly reduced the number of CD4-positive cells in renal tissue of ET-1 transgenic mice (ET CD4-positive cells/10000 cells: 355 +/- 72 vs ET + cas: 147 +/- 28; p < 0.05). Renal tissue contents of CD8 positive cells as well as of macrophages were not affected by castration. Regarding kidney function castration significantly reduced proteinuria in ET-1 transgenic mice whereas creatinine clearance did not differ between study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that the renal histopathological phenotype in male ET-1 transgenic mice with regard to glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, perivascular fibrosis and immune cell immigration is ameliorated by castration. We thus conclude that the effects of ET-1 overexpression on renal tissue injury are modulated by androgens.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research/Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charite, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thöne-Reineke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfab
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hocher
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D019332:Endothelin-1