title: Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation.
abstract: Many natural polyphenolic compounds have been shown to attenuate reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) formation and protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury both in vitro and in vivo. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component of the rhizome extract from Polygonum multiflorum, exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we used an in vitro ischemic model of oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD-R) and an in vivo ischemic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TSG on ischemia/reperfusion brain injury and the related mechanisms. We demonstrated that OGD-R-induced neuronal injury, intracellular ROS generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation were reversed by TSG. The elevation of H2O2-induced [Ca2+]i was also attenuated by TSG. Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Bcl-2 family-related apoptotic signaling pathway was involved in the neuroprotection afforded by TSG. Meanwhile, TSG inhibited iNOS mRNA expression induced by OGD-R, which may be mediated by the activation of SIRT1 and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. In vivo studies further demonstrated that TSG significantly reduced the brain infarct volume and the number of positive cells by TUNEL staining in the cerebral cortex compared to the MCAO group. Our study indicates that TSG protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yuan-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen-Ning
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ling-Dan
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028502:Polygonum; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D027343:Rhizome; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005960:Glucosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013267:Stilbenes; C093026:2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1