title: Health-related quality of life in young adults with symptoms of constipation continuing from childhood into adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with functional constipation report impaired Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in relation to physical complaints and long duration of symptoms. In about one third of children with constipation, symptoms continue into adulthood. Knowledge on HRQoL in adults with constipation persisting from childhood is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess HRQoL in adults with constipation from early childhood in comparison to that of their peers. Furthermore to gain insight into the specific social consequences related to continuing symptoms of constipation and/or fecal incontinence at adult age.
  
  
  METHODS
  One HRQoL questionnaire and one self-developed questionnaire focusing on specific consequences of symptoms of constipation continuing into adulthood were administrated to 182 adults with a history of childhood constipation. Successful clinical outcome was defined as a defecation frequency three or more times per week with less than two episodes of fecal incontinence per month, irrespective of laxative use. HRQoL of both adults with unsuccessful and successful clinical outcome were compared to a control group of 361 peers from the general Dutch population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in HRQoL were found between the whole study population and healthy peers, nor between adults with successful clinical outcome (n = 139) and the control group. Adults with an unsuccessful clinical outcome (n = 43) reported significantly lower HRQoL compared to the control group with respect to scores on bodily pain (mean +/- SD 77.4 +/- 19.6 versus 85.7 +/- 19.5, p = 0.01) and general health (67.6 +/- 18.8 versus 74.0 +/- 18.1, p = 0.04). Adults with an unsuccessful clinical outcome reported difficulties with social contact and intimacy (20% and 12.5%, respectively), related to their current symptoms. Current therapy in these adults was more often self-administered treatment (e.g. diet modifications) (60.4%) than laxatives (20.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, young adults with constipation in childhood report a good quality of life, as HRQoL of adults with successful clinical outcome was comparable to that of their peers. However, when childhood constipation continues into adulthood, it influences HRQoL negatively with social consequences in 20% of these adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.e.bongers@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Marloes E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maurice-Stam
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grootenhuis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult