Transition metal impurities on the bond-centered site in germanium.
We report on the lattice location of ion implanted Fe, Cu, and Ag impurities in germanium from a combined approach of emission channeling experiments and ab initio total energy calculations. Following common expectation, a fraction of these transition metals (TMs) was found on the substitutional Ge position. Less expected is the observation of a second fraction on the sixfold coordinated bond-centered site. Ab initio calculated heats of formation suggest this is the result of the trapping of a vacancy by a substitutional TM impurity, spontaneously forming an impurity-vacancy complex in the split-vacancy configuration. We also present an approach to displace the TM impurities from the electrically active substitutional site to the bond-centered site.
Decoster
S
S
Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica and INPAC, KULeuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Cottenier
S
S
De Vries
B
B
Emmerich
H
H
Wahl
U
U
Correia
J G
JG
Vantomme
A
A