title: Miro1 is a calcium sensor for glutamate receptor-dependent localization of mitochondria at synapses.
abstract: Energy use, mainly to reverse ion movements in neurons, is a fundamental constraint on brain information processing. Trafficking of mitochondria to locations in neurons where there are large ion fluxes is essential for powering neural function. Mitochondrial trafficking is regulated by Ca2+ entry through ionotropic glutamate receptors, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We show that the protein Miro1 links mitochondria to KIF5 motor proteins, allowing mitochondria to move along microtubules. This linkage is inhibited by micromolar levels of Ca2+ binding to Miro1. With the EF hand domains of Miro1 mutated to prevent Ca2+ binding, Miro1 could still facilitate mitochondrial motility, but mitochondrial stopping induced by glutamate or neuronal activity was blocked. Activating neuronal NMDA receptors with exogenous or synaptically released glutamate led to Miro1 positioning mitochondria at the postsynaptic side of synapses. Thus, Miro1 is a key determinant of how energy supply is matched to energy usage in neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Macaskill
authors.forename: Johanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rinholm
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Twelvetrees
authors.forename: I Lorena
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Arancibia-Carcamo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fransson
authors.forename: Pontus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aspenstrom
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Attwell
authors.forename: Josef T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kittler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D016547:Kinesins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000502:physiology*; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C521566:KIF5B protein, rat; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C504427:Miro protein, Drosophila; D016547:Kinesins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins