title: Diagnostic assay based on hsa-miR-205 expression distinguishes squamous from nonsquamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent advances in treatment of lung cancer require greater accuracy in the subclassification of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapies which inhibit tumor angiogenesis pose higher risk for adverse response in cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Interobserver variability and the lack of specific, standardized assays limit the current abilities to adequately stratify patients for such treatments. In this study, we set out to identify specific microRNA biomarkers for the identification of squamous cell carcinoma, and to use such markers for the development of a standardized assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-throughput microarray was used to measure microRNA expression levels in 122 adenocarcinoma and squamous NSCLC samples. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) platform was used to verify findings in an independent set of 20 NSCLC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, and to develop a diagnostic assay using an additional set of 27 NSCLC FFPE samples. The assay was validated using an independent blinded cohort consisting of 79 NSCLC FFPE samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified hsa-miR-205 as a highly specific marker for squamous cell lung carcinoma. A microRNA-based qRT-PCR assay that measures expression of hsa-miR-205 reached sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 90% in the identification of squamous cell lung carcinomas in an independent blinded validation set.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hsa-miR-205 is a highly accurate marker for lung cancer of squamous histology. The standardized diagnostic assay presented here can provide highly accurate subclassification of NSCLC patients.
authors.affiliation: Rosetta Genomics Ltd, 10 Plaut St, Rehovot 76706, Israel. ranit_ah@rosettagenomics.com
authors.forename: Danit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebanony
authors.forename: Hila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Shlomit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilad
authors.forename: Meital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezagouri
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dov
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashkenazi
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gefen
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izraeli
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechavi
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pass
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Nitzan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chajut
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ranit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aharonov
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001681:Biological Assay; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; C534425:MIR205, human