title: Tuberculous peritonitis.
abstract: Compared with the general population, dialysis patients are at higher risk of acquiring mycobacterial infections. The aim of the present article is to review case reports and studies published since the report by Talwani and Horvath (2000) and to discuss the main problems that arise in daily practice. After a comprehensive review of the literature, cumulative data about peritoneal dialysis and peritoneal tuberculosis from reports of 98 patients in 21 papers were analyzed. The clinical and laboratory findings of peritoneal tuberculosis are nonspecific. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. The most difficult cases present as culture-negative peritonitis or culture-positive peritonitis resistant to appropriate antibiotics without any additional clues of tuberculosis. The sensitivity of smears and cultures can be enhanced by centrifuging a 50 - 150 mL dialysate sample.
authors.affiliation: Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Samsun, Turkey. tekinakpolat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tekin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akpolat
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D014395:Peritonitis, Tuberculous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents