title: Tolfenamic acid enhances pancreatic cancer cell and tumor response to radiation therapy by inhibiting survivin protein expression.
abstract: Survivin is overexpressed in most human cancers, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Expression of survivin is regulated by specificity protein (Sp) proteins and related to resistance to radiation therapy. Tolfenamic acid induces Sp protein degradation in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether tolfenamic acid inhibits survivin expression and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells/tumor to radiotherapy. Panc1 and L3.6pl cells have been used to study the effect of radiation on survivin expression and to investigate the efficacy of tolfenamic acid in enhancing the response to radiation therapy. In addition, an orthotopic model for human pancreatic cancer has been used to confirm the efficacy of tolfenamic acid to enhance tumor response to radiation in vivo. Pancreatic cancer cell lines express variable levels of survivin mRNA/protein, which correlate with their radiosensitivity. Radiation increased survivin promoter activity and protein expression in Panc1 and L3.6pl cells and tolfenamic acid inhibited both constitutive and radiation-induced survivin protein expression and enhanced the response of pancreatic cancer cells to radiation therapy. In vivo studies show that tolfenamic acid enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis associated with decreased survivin expression in tumors and this correlates with the enhanced response of these tumors to the radiation. Thus, tolfenamic acid significantly enhances pancreatic cancer cells/tumor response to radiation therapy. The underlying mechanism includes tolfenamic acid-induced degradation of Sp proteins, which in tumor decreases expression of the Sp-dependent antiapoptotic protein survivin. These preclinical data suggest that tolfenamic acid has the potential to increase the response of pancreatic adenocarcinoma to radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 110 Bonnie Loch Court, Mail Point 47, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
authors.forename: Santhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konduri
authors.forename: Jimmie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colon
authors.forename: Cheryl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safe
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Ala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abudayyeh
authors.forename: Md Riyaz
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.forename: Maen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelrahim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077022:Survivin; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D000077022:Survivin; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C009500:tolfenamic acid