title: Histoculture drug response assay for gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are many predictive factors for gefitinib sensitivity, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, EGFR copy number, and k-ras mutation. To investigate all of them is too expensive. We evaluated the chemosensitivity for gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a histoculture drug response assay (HDRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgically resected fresh tumor specimens from 22 patients with NSCLC were used. There were 13 male and 9 female patients, ranging in age from 49 to 84 (average 70) years old. Sixteen patients (73%) were smokers. Sixteen adenocarcinomas, four squamous cell carcinomas, and two other histological types were included. Small pieces of viable cancer tissue were placed on the collagen gel and then cultured for 7 days in the presence of gefitinib.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HDRA was successful in all specimens. A dose-response relation was observed between inhibition rates and gefitinib concentration (p = 0.016). The inhibition rate at 20 microg/ml (IR(20)) in adenocarcinoma without smoking (39.2% +/- 35.1%, n = 6) was higher than that with smoking (2.2% +/- 5.0%, n = 10, P = 0.001) and that of nonadenocarcinoma (16.9% +/- 23.6%, n = 6, P = 0.09). Gene mutation analysis was performed in two of three adenocarcinomas without smoking, which showed especially high IR(20) values, and sensitizing mutations were observed in these specimens. A cutoff inhibition rate of approximately 40%-50% appeared to be suitable for a concentration of 20 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDRA appears to be applicable for evaluating sensitivity to gefitinib in NSCLC. It provides a convenient method for predicting the response to gefitinib in patients with NSCLC whose fresh tumor specimens are available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan. yositatu@mail.wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimasu
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Koma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyoi
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawago
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D018579:Patient Selection; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib