title: Atrial fibrillation and mild cognitive impairment: what correlation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrial fibrillation (AF), in addition to macroembolic complications, may also produce multiple cerebral ischemic areas due to microembolic phenomena and transient hypoperfusion, eventually leading to a progressive cognitive impairment and even to acclaimed vascular dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with AF. The reported results concern data obtained at the moment of recruitment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied 42 patients with a history of non valvular AF (paroxysmal, persistent, recurrent or permanent) and 40 homogenous controls in sinus rhythm without previous AF. All subjects underwent anamnesis, physical examination, biochemical and instrumental tests. To investigate the cognitive status, subjects underwent the following neuropsychological rating scales: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR),Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) Global Deterioration Scale (GLDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AF Patients had worse scores versus controls at GLDS (P=0.0001), HIS (P=0.001), CDR (P=0.07) and GDS (P=0.07); no significant differences were found for MMSE even after correction for age and education. AF patients treated with warfarin showed better scores at CDR (P=0.04),GLDS (P=0.03) and GDS (P=0.007), compared to those in aspirin-treatment. Corrected MMSE scores did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors identified a slight cognitive impairment in the AF group; patients with paroxysmal, persistent or recurrent AF showed worse cognitive performances than permanent ones, suggesting a possible microembolic pathogenesis. Anticoagulation therapy could play a protective role, however more evidence is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puccio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baiamonte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuccio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vernuccio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012802:Sicily / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin