title: Caffeinated and alcoholic beverage intake in relation to ovulatory disorder infertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have examined whether caffeine, alcohol, or specific beverages containing these substances affect fertility in women. However, most of these studies have retrospectively collected information on alcohol and caffeine intake, making the results susceptible to biases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 18,555 married women without a history of infertility for 8 years as they attempted to become (or became) pregnant. Diet was measured twice during this period and prospectively related to the incidence of ovulatory disorder infertility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 438 incident report of ovulatory disorder infertility during follow-up. Intakes of alcohol and caffeine were unrelated to the risk of ovulatory disorder infertility. Comparing the highest to lowest categories of intake, the multivariate-adjusted relative risk, was 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 0.76-1.64; P for trend 0.78) for alcohol and 0.86 (0.61-1.20; 0.44) for total caffeine. However, intake of caffeinated soft drinks was positively related to ovulatory disorder infertility. Comparing the highest to lowest categories of caffeinated soft drink consumption, the RR was 1.47 (1.09-1.98; 0.01). Similar associations were observed for noncaffeinated, sugared, diet, and total soft drinks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not support the hypothesis that alcohol and caffeine impair ovulation to the point of decreasing fertility. The association between soft drinks and ovulatory disorder infertility seems not to be attributable to their caffeine or sugar content, and deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. jchavarr@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chavarro
authors.forename: Janet W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rich-Edwards
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000858:Anovulation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009726:Nurses; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine