Tumor stroma derived biomarkers in cancer.
In recent years the importance of the tumor stroma for the development, promotion and invasion of cancer is becoming increasingly clear. Besides a malignantly transformed cancer cell, tumors also contains many other cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and cells of the immune system. These cells together with the cancer cells produce the sum extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor. The ECM and the non-malignant cells of the tumor are defined as the "tumor stroma". Just as the malignant cell itself can be the source of substances that can be used as biomarkers of cancer, the tumor stroma contains factors that potentially can be used as biomarkers when treating patients with cancer. In this review we will discuss the role of the tumor stroma as a source of new cancer biomarkers. This concept highlights a novel view of cancer and treats them as organized organs. Additionally, this further stresses the importance of including factors related to the tumor stroma into the diagnostic and therapeutic equation of cancer.
Sund
Malin
M
Division for Matrix Biology CLS 11087, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Kalluri
Raghu
R
D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D043169:Endostatins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043169:Endostatins