title: Human papilloma virus infection prior to coitarche.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the natural course of anogenital human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in girls prior to coitarche attending an outpatient gynecological unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were taken from the anogenital region of 114 unselected 4-15 year old girls who were referred consecutively for various gynecological problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four girls were excluded because of sexual abuse. Low-risk HPV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 4 girls (3.6%) and high-risk HPV DNA in 15 children (13.6%). Two girls testing positive for HPV DNA had clinical apparent warts. After 1 year, 2 children had persistent high-risk HPV DNA, and in 1 case we found a switch from high-risk to low-risk HPV DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclinical genital low- and high-risk HPV infections are common in girls without any history of sexual abuse or sexual activity. We found persistence of genital HPV infection in children, which could be a reservoir for HPV-associated diseases later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. daniela.doerfler@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernhaus
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kottmel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koelle
authors.forename: Elmar A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Joura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012746:Sexual Abstinence; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral