title: Matrix metalloproteinase-7 facilitates immune access to the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metalloproteinase inhibitors can protect mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated, but it is not clear if other MMPs are also involved, including matrilysin/MMP-7 - an enzyme capable of cleaving proteins that are essential for blood brain barrier integrity and immune suppression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report that MMP-7-deficient (mmp7-/-) mice on the C57Bl/6 background are resistant to EAE induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Brain sections from MOG-primed mmp7-/-mice did not show signs of immune cell infiltration of the CNS, but MOG-primed wild-type mice showed extensive vascular cuffing and mononuclear cell infiltration 15 days after vaccination. At the peak of EAE wild-type mice had MMP-7 immuno-reactive cells in vascular cuffs that also expressed the macrophage markers Iba-1 and Gr-1, as well as tomato lectin. MOG-specific proliferation of splenocytes, lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were reduced in cells isolated from MOG-primed mmp7-/- mice, compared with MOG-primed wild-type mice. However, the adoptive transfer of splenocytes and lymphocytes from MOG-primed mmp7-/- mice induced EAE in naïve wild-type recipients, but not naïve mmp7-/- recipients. Finally, we found that recombinant MMP-7 increased permeability between endothelial cells in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that MMP-7 may facilitate immune cell access or re-stimulation in perivascular areas, which are critical events in EAE and multiple sclerosis, and provide a new therapeutic target to treat this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521-0121, USA. lmccandles@rusd.k12.ca.us
authors.forename: Lillian A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Buhler
authors.forename: Ramsey
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Liljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krizanac-Bengez
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janigro
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ethell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C571327:Mog protein, mouse; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D037121:Plant Lectins; C034981:tomato lectin; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7