title: Mortality among tuberculosis patients on treatment in Singapore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the risk factors associated with mortality among tuberculosis (TB) patients on treatment in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of 7433 TB patients notified and started on TB treatment from 2000 to 2006 was conducted. Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7433 patients who started TB treatment between 2000 and 2006, there were 884 deaths (11.9%) from any cause. Older age, male sex, being in a long-term care facility, having comorbidity, absence of cough, more than one site of TB, bacteriologically confirmed laboratory results, resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) and absence of cavity were strongly associated with all-cause mortality among TB patients. A total of 203 patients (2.7%) died of TB. Risk factors for death due to TB were older age, male sex, Malay ethnicity, being in a long-term care facility, absence of cough, more than one site of TB, bacteriologically confirmed laboratory results and resistance to at least INH and RMP or to at least INH but not RMP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to identify TB patients with risk factors related to mortality so that appropriate and timely interventions can be instituted to prevent deaths among TB patients.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research and Evaluation Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore. lowkiatmun@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: C B E
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chee
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*