title: An indicator of the impact of climatic change on European bird populations.
abstract: Rapid climatic change poses a threat to global biodiversity. There is extensive evidence that recent climatic change has affected animal and plant populations, but no indicators exist that summarise impacts over many species and large areas. We use data on long-term population trends of European birds to develop such an indicator. We find a significant relationship between interspecific variation in population trend and the change in potential range extent between the late 20(th) and late 21(st) centuries, forecasted by climatic envelope models. Our indicator measures divergence in population trend between bird species predicted by climatic envelope models to be favourably affected by climatic change and those adversely affected. The indicator shows a rapid increase in the past twenty years, coinciding with a period of rapid warming.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds & European Bird Census Council, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom. richard.gregory@rspb.org.uk
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiguet
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vorísek
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klvanová
authors.forename: Arco
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Strien
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huntley
authors.forename: Yvonne C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Collingham
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couvet
authors.forename: Rhys E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002980:Climate; D005060:Europe; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013045:Species Specificity