title: Depression of heart rate variability in patients with increased ventricular wall stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure is characterized by neurohumoral dysfunction that can be assessed by measurement of heart rate variability (HRV). Depression of HRV is related to several hemodynamic parameters. We hypothesized that an increased left ventricular (LV) wall stress is related to a depressed HRV in patients with LV dilatation or dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac function and mass were measured in 31 patients with LV dilatation or dysfunction and 21 controls using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. LV wall stress was calculated using a CMR-based thick-walled sphere model. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN) and average NN intervals over 5 minutes (SDANN-i) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LV end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) wall stress were significantly increased in patients with SDNN < 75 ms (P < 0.05). SDNN and SDANN-i were decreased (P = 0.001, P < 0.001) in patients with LVED wall stress >8 kPa and LVES wall stress >30 kPa (P < 0.05). To examine potential effects of LVEF, LVED and LVES volume, and wall stress on HRV, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed, which revealed LVED wall stress as the only independent parameter influencing SDNN (P = 0.039). LV ejection fraction, LV mass, and volumes were not significantly related to HRV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV wall stress was independently related with depression of HRV. Therefore, LV wall stress might be prognostically important and a therapeutic target in heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Philipps University, Marburg, Gremany. alter@staff.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Marga B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rominger
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Czerny
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vollrath
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maisch
mesh_terms: D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*