title: Development of the Ways Of Helping Questionnaire: a measure of preferred coping strategies for older African American cancer survivors.
abstract: Although researchers have identified beneficial coping strategies for cancer patients, existing coping measures do not capture the preferred coping strategies of older African American cancer survivors. A new measure, the Ways of Helping Questionnaire (WHQ), was evaluated with 385 African American cancer survivors. Validity evidence from factor analysis resulted in 10 WHQ subscales (Others There for Me, Physical and Treatment Care Needs, Help from God, Church Family Support, Helping Others, Being Strong for Others, Encouraging My Healthy Behaviors, Others Distract Me, Learning about Cancer, and Distracting Myself). Reliability evidence was generally strong. Evidence regarding hypothesized relationships with measures of well-being and another coping measure was mixed. The WHQ's content coverage makes it especially relevant for older African American cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460, USA.
authors.forename: Jill B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crandell
authors.forename: Mary R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lynn
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology*; D009657:North Carolina; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012660:Semantics; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*