title: Expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in intestinal mucosa in experimental severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), endotoxin/bacterial translocation (E/BT) from the gut is main cause of infection, which is contributor to high mortality. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize micro-organisms and are involved in the host defense. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in intestinal mucosa in SAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAP was induced by injection of 3% sodium deoxycholate into the biliopancreatic duct in rats. Terminal ileum was removed 2, 6, 12, and 18 hours after the induction. Expression of TLR2/4 was analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. NF-kappaB activation was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. E/BT was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR2/4 proteins were increased 2 and 6 hours, and were decreased 12 and 18 hours after the induction. Immunoreactivities for them were detected at the top of villi and crypt in control rats. They were increased 6 hours, and were diminished 12 hours after the induction. Activated NF-kappaB was increased 6 hours, and was decreased 18 hours after the induction. E/BT occurred 18 hours after the induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal immune response enhances in the early phase and suppresses in the late phase of SAP, and TLRs may be implicated in the mechanism of E/BT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. hdhrsawa@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinzeki
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4