title: Late complications of vertebral artery dissection in children: pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, and recurrent stroke.
abstract: Craniocervical arterial dissection is an important cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke, accounting for 7.5% to 20% of cases. Significant neurologic morbidity and mortality may result and recurrence risk may be higher than in adults. However, the natural history and long-term outcome of pediatric dissection are poorly studied. We report 3 cases of extracranial vertebral artery dissection with complications including pseudoaneurysm formation, recurrent stroke, and late spontaneous thrombosis of the dissected artery. These cases illustrate the dynamic processes involved in vascular injury and healing of vertebral artery dissection in children over years, with potential implications for long-term management and prevention of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Daune L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014711:Vertebral Artery; D020217:Vertebral Artery Dissection / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology