title: The hardening phenomenon in irritant contact dermatitis: an interpretative update.
abstract: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is common and poses a significant problem in high-risk populations. In most cases, ICD resolves despite continued exposure in a process known as 'hardening', allowing individuals to continue with their work. Those who cannot clear ICD develop chronic ICD, which is a significant source of emotional, physical, and financial distress for affected individuals. While hardening is well known among labourers and clinicians, its mechanism remains to be elucidated. Much can be learned from the study of self-healing processes like the hardening phenomenon. This overview briefly documents the pathogenesis of ICD, focuses on the latest advances pertaining to the hardening phenomenon in ICD, and then highlights potential avenues of productive research. A better understanding of the 'hardening' process in the skin will hopefully lead to advances for the treatment of ICD.
authors.affiliation: Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants