title: Active school transportation in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada: an exploration of trends in space and time (1986-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes temporal and spatial trends in active transportation for school trips in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada's largest city-region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportions of trips by travel mode to and from school were estimated and compared for children (11-13 years) and youth (14-15 years). Data were drawn from the 1986, 1996, 2001, and 2006 versions of the Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1986 and 2006, walking mode share for trips to school declined (53.0%-42.5% for 11-13 year olds, 38.6%-30.7% for 14-15 year olds). Although there has also been a decline in walking home from school, walking rates were higher in the afternoon. In 2006, younger children in the suburbs walked less to school (36.1%-42.3% of trips) than 11-13 year olds in Toronto (48.1%) and Toronto's 14-15 year olds walked less (38.3% of trips) but used transit more (44.8% of trips) than students in the suburbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate a period of decline (1986-2006) in the use of active modes for journeys to and from school for both age groups. Policies and programs to increase active transportation should acknowledge the spatial, temporal, and demographic heterogeneity of school travel decisions and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. ron.buliung@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Ron N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Buliung
authors.forename: Raktim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faulkner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002958:City Planning; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009864:Ontario; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D014505:Urban Population; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*