title: Efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and asthma: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing or asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective, controlled trials published January 1996 to March 2008 with a minimum of 4 weeks of inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo were retrieved through Medline, Embase, and Central databases. The primary outcome was wheezing/asthma exacerbations; secondary outcomes were withdrawal caused by wheezing/asthma exacerbations, changes in symptoms score, pulmonary function (peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in 1 second), or albuterol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of eighty-nine studies identified, 29 (N = 3592 subjects) met the criteria for inclusion. Patients who received inhaled corticosteroids had significantly less wheezing/asthma exacerbations than those on placebo (18.0% vs 32.1%); posthoc subgroup analysis suggests that this effect was higher in those with a diagnosis of asthma than wheeze but was independent of age (infants versus preschoolers), atopic condition, type of inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide metered-dose inhaler versus fluticasone metered-dose inhaler), mode of delivery (metered-dose inhaler versus nebulizer), and study quality (Jadad score: <4 vs >/=4) and duration (<12 vs >/=12 weeks). In addition, children treated with inhaled corticosteroids had significantly fewer withdrawals caused by wheezing/asthma exacerbations, less albuterol use, and more clinical and functional improvement than those on placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing or asthma had less wheezing/asthma exacerbations and improve their symptoms and lung function during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castro-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Gustavo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000187:drug effects*; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D019819:Budesonide; D000068298:Fluticasone; D001507:Beclomethasone