Social capital and suicide in 11 European countries: an ecological analysis.
BACKGROUND
"Social capital" refers to the existence of voluntary community networks and relationships based on trust, and the use of these networks and relationships to enable positive social action. Social capital is positively associated with selected indices of mental health.


METHODS
We performed an ecological investigation of the relationship between social trust (as one component of social capital) and national suicide rates in 11 European countries (n=22,227).


RESULTS
There was an inverse relationship between social trust and national suicide rates (i.e. the higher the social trust, the lower was the suicide rate), after controlling for gender, age, marriage rates, standardised income and reported sadness.


CONCLUSIONS
Social capital may have a protective effect against suicide at the national level. Multi-level analysis, taking into account both group-level and individual-level variables, would help clarify this relationship further and guide appropriate interventions at both the group and individual levels.
Kelly
Brendan D
BD
Department of Adult Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 62/63 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland. brendankelly35@gmail.com
Davoren
Mary
M
Mhaoláin
Aine Ní
AN
Breen
Eugene G
EG
Casey
Patricia
P
D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D019058:Community Networks / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012936:Social Medicine; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000092864:Suicide Prevention