title: Changes in weight, total fat, percent body fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral contraceptive use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine changes in bodyweight and composition that result from hormonal contraception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years for 703 women (African American, 200; white, 247; Hispanic, 256) who were beginning the use of oral contraception (OC; n = 245), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; n = 240), or nonhormonal contraception (NH; n = 218). DMPA discontinuers were observed for up to 2 years to examine the reversibility of the observed changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 36 months, DMPA users increased their weight (+5.1 kg), body fat (+4.1 kg), percent body fat (+3.4%), and central-to-peripheral fat ratio (+0.1) more than OC and NH users (P < .01). OC use did not cause weight gain. After DMPA discontinuation, NH users lost 0.42 kg in 6 months; OC users gained 0.43 kg in 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bodyweight and fat significantly increase with the use of DMPA. After discontinuation of DMPA, some decrease in bodyweight and fat occurs when NH is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX . 77555-0587, USA. abberens@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Abbey B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: Mahbubur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate