title: Estimation of organ and effective doses resulting from cone beam CT imaging for radiotherapy treatment planning.
abstract: In this study, organ doses were measured for various kilovoltage cone beam CT exposures on the Varian Acuity simulator and an alternative method of dose estimation was also assessed. Organ doses were measured by distributing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) throughout an anthropomorphic phantom, and effective doses were calculated using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 and ICRP 103 tissue-weighting factors. The ImPACT CT patient dosimetry calculator was also used to estimate doses for comparison with the TLD results. Effective doses of 15.3 mSv (19.4 mSv), 14.3 mSv (9.7 mSv) and 2.8 mSv (3.2 mSv) were calculated from the TLD measurements and ICRP 60 (ICRP 103) weighting factors for breast, pelvis and head acquisitions, respectively. When a 10 cm pencil ionisation chamber was used to measure the CT dose index, the ImPACT calculator was found to provide an adequate estimation of dose when compared with the TLD results. However, the doses for half-fan exposures were found to be overestimated, with the extent of overestimation depending on the radiosensitive organs irradiated. The organ and effective doses reported provide information for justification and optimisation of cone beam CT procedures, and are compared with doses delivered by other imaging devices. The ImPACT calculator may be used to estimate doses from cone beam CT procedures, if the potential for overestimation is acknowledged.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK. laura.sawyer@ruh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Starritt
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Jupp
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000592:standards*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000528:radiation effects; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000528:radiation effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018020:Lithium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C027651:lithium fluoride; D005459:Fluorides