title: Consolidation therapy with low-dose thalidomide and prednisolone prolongs the survival of multiple myeloma patients undergoing a single autologous stem-cell transplantation procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thalidomide is effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). However, the role of thalidomide in the post-autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) context remains unclear. This study assessed whether the addition of thalidomide consolidation following ASCT would improve the durability of responses achieved and overall survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2002 and March 2005, 269 patients with newly diagnosed MM who achieved disease stabilization or better with conventional induction chemotherapy received a single high-dose melphalan conditioned ASCT. Post-ASCT, 129 patients were randomly assigned to receive indefinite prednisolone maintenance therapy (control group) and 114 to receive the same in addition to 12 months of thalidomide consolidation (thalidomide group). The primary study end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary end point was tolerability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 3 years, the postrandomization 3-year PFS rates were 42% and 23% (P < .001; hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.71) and the OS rates were 86% and 75% (P = .004; HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.76) in the thalidomide and control groups, respectively. There was no difference in survival between groups 12 months after disease progression (79% v 77%; P = .237). Neurological toxicities were more common in the thalidomide arm but there were no differences between arms for thromboembolic events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consolidation therapy with 12 months of thalidomide combined with prednisolone prolongs survival when used after a single high-dose therapy supported ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Furthermore, thalidomide consolidation therapy did not adversely impact on survival in the subsequent salvage setting.
authors.affiliation: Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. aspencer@netspace.net.au
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: H Miles
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Ian W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Prosser
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Bradstock
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Devinder S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Nola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D013792:Thalidomide; D011239:Prednisolone; D008558:Melphalan