title: The influence of brain death on tissue factor expression in the pancreatic tissues and isolated islets in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor (TF) in islets has been identified as the main trigger of the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction. Because the crucial events that directly induce TF remain to be determined, we focused on the influence of brain death (BD) on TF expression in pancreatic tissues and isolated islets.
  
  
  METHODS
  BD was induced in male Lewis rats weighing 250-300 g by inflation of a Fogarty catheter placed intracranially. The rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 hours until removal of the pancreas. The expression of TF protein in pancreatic tissues was examined using Western blotting assay. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TF in pancreatic tissue and isolated islets were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The influence of BD on the isolation outcome was evaluated by islet yield, purity, viability, and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TF protein and mRNA levels in the pancreatic tissues were similar between the groups. However, TF mRNA in the isolated islets of the BD group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P = .04). Islet yield was considerably lower, and purity significantly lower in the BD than the control group (P = .002). Unexpectedly, ATP/DNA ratio and respiratory activity were comparable between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although BD per se was not sufficient to induce TF expression in pancreatic tissues, BD combined with subsequent warm ischemic damage during isolation procedures remarkably up-regulated TF expression in isolated islets, suggesting that BD is of great importance as an initiator of TF induction in the islet grafts. The present study demonstrated that the expression of inflammatory mediators rather than islet viability is more susceptible to BD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. yuki-hiko@poppy.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001926:Brain Death / Q000473:pathology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013925:Thromboplastin