title: A study of the management of 55 traumatically intruded permanent incisor teeth in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  These were to examine the main presenting, treatment and outcome factors for intruded permanent incisors in children, the effect of apical development and degree of intrusion on decisions on repositioning, the effect of apical development status on the maintenance of pulp vitality and the time of pulp extirpation and to compare the decisions made to the advice given in existing clinical guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 55 intruded incisor teeth in 40 children aged between 6 and 14 years of age was reviewed in respect of management of their intrusive dental injuries. Of these teeth 17 were intruded in females and 38 in males. Mean (+/-SD) age was 9.3 (+/-1.99) and mean follow-up time was 2.3 years (+/-1.60). Included in the sample were 42 maxillary central incisors and 13 maxillary lateral incisors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immature apicies were noted in 34 whilst 21 teeth had mature apices. Clinical and radiographic assessment categorised 4 teeth as mildly intruded with displacement of less than 3 mms; 10 teeth, intruded by 3-6 mm, were considered as moderately intruded whilst a further 11 teeth with intrusion of more than 6 mm were considered to have experienced a severe intrusive injury. There were 19 teeth (35%) that were allowed to re-erupt spontaneously, 22 (40%) were repositioned by orthodontic means and 14 teeth (25%) received surgical repositioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a statistically significant difference between the repositioning decisions with a more conservative approach for teeth with immature apices (P = 0.0009). Apical completion was a significant predictor of earlier pulp extirpation (p=0.01).
authors.affiliation: Dept Paediatric Dentistry, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinirons
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welbury
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries*