title: Treatment of cannabis use disorders in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders - a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are prevalent among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), with a range of detrimental effects, e.g. reduced compliance to medication and psychosocial interventions, and increased level of psychotic-dimension symptoms. The aim of this study was to review literature on treatments of CUD in SSD-patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched.
  
  
  RESULTS
  41 articles were selected, 11 treating cannabis as a separate outcome. Contingency management was only effective while active. Pharmacological interventions appeared effective, but lacked randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Psychosocial interventions, e.g. motivational interviewing and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), were ineffective in most studies with cannabis as a separate outcome, but effective in studies that grouped cannabis together with other substance use disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient evidence exists on treating this form of dual-diagnosis patients. Studies grouping several types of substances as a single outcome may overlook differential effects. Future RCTs should investigate combinations of psychosocial, pharmacological, and contingency management.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Center Bispebjerg, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University: Bispebjerg Bakke 23, building 13A, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark. carsten@capopus.dk
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hjorthøj
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fohlmann
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordentoft
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents