title: Comparisons of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pheromone traps with and without kill strips.
abstract: Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. These strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. However, the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated. We examined the influences of kill strips on weevil captures, trap servicing, and the incidences of weevil predation and trap obstruction (e.g., by spider webs). Evaluations were conducted weekly during three different production periods (pre- to early-, late-, and postseason) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to represent different environmental conditions and weevil population levels. Within each period, mean weekly captures of weevils in traps with and without kill strips were statistically similar. On average, traps with kill strips took 9 s longer to service than traps without kill strips, but statistical differences were only detected during the late-season period. Overall, the mean weekly proportion of traps with evidence of weevil predation or trap obstruction was significantly lower for traps with kill strips (0.25) than for traps without kill strips (0.37). However, this reduction in the frequency of weevil predation or trap obstruction was too small to produce a corresponding increase in the numbers of weevils captured. In light of these findings, the use of kill strips is likely unnecessary in eradication programs, but may be a consideration in situations when the numbers of deployed traps are reduced and chronic problems with weevil predation or trap obstruction exist.
authors.affiliation: Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2771 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA. suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu
authors.forename: C P C
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones; D048889:Weevils
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants