title: Cardiorespiratory responses during arm ergometry, functional electrical stimulation cycling, and two hybrid exercise conditions in spinal cord injured.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare peak functional aerobic power (VO2 peak) across four different types of exercise: arm crank ergometry (ACE), functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling, and two hybrid exercise conditions: FES cycling combined with ACE and FES rowing using a newly developed rowing device (ROWSTIM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five participants (C7-T12), four male paraplegics with neurologically complete spinal cord injury (SCI), and one male with neurologically incomplete SCI, underwent a progressive maximal peak oxygen exercise test to ascertain peak physical work capacity during arm cranking, FES cycling, FES cycling combined with arm cranking and FES rowing. ariables were significantly lower for FES cycling versus ACE, FES cycling combined with ACE and FES rowing measures (P < 0.05). However there were no significant differences between ACE, FES cycling combined with ACE and FES rowing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results suggest that the ROWSTIM is as effective an exercise device or training tool for persons with SCI as ACE or combined FES-cycling and ACE, and more effective than FES-cycling. A larger sample size and further technological developments of the ROWSTIM are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of rowing over other hybrid exercise modalities and ACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. joeri.verellen@faber.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Joeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verellen
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vanlandewijck
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Garry D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation