title: Added value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting advanced stage disease in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the added value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in predicting advanced stage disease in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with endometrial carcinoma underwent preoperative MRI assessment in a single gynecological cancer center during a 2-year period. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations included high-resolution sagittal, axial, and axial-oblique T2-weighted images (T2WI) of the pelvis, and axial T1-weighted images (T1WI) of the pelvis and upper abdomen followed by DCE-MRI using a multiphase 3-dimensional gradient refocused echo T1WI sequence. The T2W images were evaluated initially, and local and overall staging was assigned according to the FIGO classification. An identical scoring system was used to evaluate the combination of DCE-MRI and T2WI. The presence of potential pitfalls in the accurate assessment of depth of myometrial invasion (leiomyoma, adenomyosis, loss of junctional zone definition, polypoid tumor, poor tumor-to-myometrium contrast, and tumor extension to uterine cornu) was also recorded. Surgical histology constituted the standard of reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depth of myometrial invasion was correctly determined in 78% (39/50) of the cases on T2WI alone, increasing to 92% (46/50) with the addition of DCE-MRI (95% confidence interval for improvement, 4.4%-23.6%, P = 0.016). The addition of DCE-MRI led to the correct detection of deep myometrial invasion in all cases. Tumor extension to uterine cornu was the only variable significantly associated (P = 0.014) with incorrect estimation of depth of myometrial invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of multiphase 3-dimensional DCE-MRI to T2WI can effectively assess the depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma and may be a useful tool to guide the surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. es220@radiol.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Evis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Bryony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simcock
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vrotsou
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media