Phenomenology, longitudinal course, and outcome of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders.
Pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) significantly affects the normal emotional, cognitive, and social development. The course of children and adolescents with BPD is manifested by frequent changes in symptoms polarity showing a dimensional continuum of bipolar symptoms severity from subsyndromal to mood syndromes meeting full DSM-IV criteria. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bipolar is of utmost importance.
Sala
Regina
R
Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Axelson
David
D
Birmaher
Boris
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D018450:Disease Progression; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome