title: Metabolomic fingerprint of cryo-stress in a freeze tolerant insect.
abstract: This study employed H-NMR spectroscopy to assay the metabolome of the high Arctic freeze-tolerant dipteran larvae, Heleomyza borealis, after recovery from exposure to a range of sub-zero temperature treatments. Our data demonstrate the resilience of freeze tolerance in individuals of this permanently freeze-tolerant species that were acclimated to summer temperatures (5 degree C): recovery of homeostasis after 48 h was not significantly disturbed by 2h exposures to -3, -12, or -20 degree C. Evidence of homeostatic perturbation to cryo-stress - both in terms of changes in specific metabolite concentrations as well as systemic changes in metabolism determined using multivariate pattern recognition techniques - was expressed almost entirely at a temperature coincident with the significant onset of mortality (-25 degree C) and considerably below the minimum winter temperatures of its over-wintering habitat (c.-12 degree C).
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. tinstone12@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Viant
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Worland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Convey
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005615:Freezing; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D007313:Insecta / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids