title: Are there any functional differences of enteric nervous system between the proximal and distal parts from the dentate line in the normal human internal anal sphincter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the functional differences of the enteric nervous system in the human internal anal sphincter (IAS) between the proximal and distal parts from the dentate line, we investigated the enteric nerve responses of normal proximal and distal IAS in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal IAS specimens derived from 20 patients with lower rectal cancer (14 men and 6 women aged from 48 to 77 years, average 66.5 years) were used. These IAS muscles were divided into 2 parts [oral site IAS from dentate line; proximal part (PIAS; n=20), anal site IAS from dentate line; distal part (DIAS; n=20)]. A mechanographic technique was used to evaluate in vitro muscle strip responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) before and after treatment with various autonomic nerve blockers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) Response to EFS before blockade of the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves: In PIAS, the incidence of relaxation reactions was greater than that of contraction reactions (p=0.2059). In DIAS, the incidence of contraction reactions was significantly greater than that of relaxation reactions (p=0.0001). The percentage of relaxation responses in the PIAS was significantly greater than that in the DIAS (p=0.0098). 2) Response to EFS after blockade of the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves: In PIAS, the incidence of relaxation reactions via NANC inhibitory nerve was significantly greater than that of contraction reactions via NANC excitatory nerves (p< 0.0001). In DIAS, the incidence of relaxation reactions via NANC inhibitory nerve was greater than that of contraction reactions via NANC excitatory nerves (p=0.2059). The percentage of relaxation responses via NANC inhibitory nerves in the PIAS was significantly greater than that in the DIAS (p=0.00284). 3) EFS responses in the PIAS and DIAS were blocked by tetrodotoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are functional differences in the regulation of the enteric nervous system between the PIAS and DIAS. Contraction reaction via excitatory nerves, especially cholinergic nerves, was mainly involved in the regulation of enteric nerve responses to EFS in the DIAS. Relaxation reaction via inhibitory nerves, especially NANC inhibitory nerves, was mainly involved in the regulation of enteric nerve responses to EFS in the PIAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo 102-8158, Japan. rtomita-ndus@mvg.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Ryouichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Tugumichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshinaga
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusafuka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013779:Tetrodotoxin