title: Oxidative stress in small-for-gestational age (SGA) term newborns and their mothers.
abstract: This study used malondialdehyde (MDA) determination by HPLC and enzymatic assays for total serum peroxides and antioxidant capacity to evaluate oxidative stress in 47 healthy full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns vs 67 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborns. Blood samples were collected at delivery from umbilical cord artery and vein and from peripheral blood of the babies on the third day after birth. Blood samples of mothers were also collected and compared with blood of 29 normal non-pregnant women (NPW). Serum peroxide values were significantly higher in both groups of mothers than in NPW, decreasing towards the third day in AGA mothers, while persisting in SGA mothers. Antioxidant capacity of sera of both groups of mothers was lower than NPW. Both SGA mothers and babies had increased MDA at delivery, unlike AGA counterparts. MDA levels in umbilical vein were higher than in umbilical arteries, while immunohistochemistry revealed abundant presence of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-protein adducts only in stroma of the SGA placenta. These results show that both mothers and babies are exposed to oxidative stress during and after delivery, which is more pronounced and persistent in the perinatal period of the SGA group, while lipid peroxidation in placenta could play a role in SGA pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gveric-Ahmetasevic
authors.forename: Suzana Borovic
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sunjic
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skala
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andrisic
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stroser
authors.forename: Kamelija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarkovic
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skrablin
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tatzber
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cipak
authors.forename: Morana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaganjac
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeg
authors.forename: Tugomir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gveric
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarkovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D036801:Parturition / Q000097:blood; D010545:Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal