title: Role of sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization studies in infertile patients: indications, study approach, and clinical relevance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the group of infertile patients that would benefit from sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, the number of chromosomes to be analyzed, and the diagnostic interpretation of the results obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of sperm FISH analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred nineteen infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples were processed for FISH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y were compared to the seminogram, the somatic and meiotic karyotype, and the age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest percentages of patients with an increased rate of sperm chromosome abnormalities were found in the oligozoospermic (50%), oligoasthenozoospermic (33.3%), and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (21%) individuals. Low sperm count was the only parameter correlated with the percentage of chromosome abnormalities. The 14% of the individuals with a normal somatic karyotype had an increased rate of sperm chromosome abnormalities. This percentage was higher in the group with an altered somatic karyotype (36%) and in patients with meiotic abnormalities (26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm FISH studies are indicated when the oligo condition is present and in individuals with an abnormal somatic or meiotic karyotype. The analysis of chromosomes 21, X, and Y is enough to identify at-risk individuals. Significant differences in the rates of chromosome abnormalities should be taken into consideration regardless of the numerical value.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sarrate
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult