title: Red wine increases adipose tissue aromatase expression and regulates body weight and adipocyte size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is an important component of the metabolic syndrome in constituting a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Estrogens influence lipid accumulation in adipocytes, acting indirectly or directly on adipose tissue. In this study we aimed to investigate the influence of red wine ingestion on the expression of aromatase (estrogen synthase) in adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red wine or ethanol solution, in the concentration found in red wine, was provided to Wistar rats as the sole drinking fluid for 8 wk. Food and drink intakes and body weight were monitored throughout treatment and adipocyte size and aromatase expression in the adipose tissue were determined at the end of the experimental period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Red wine and ethanol increased aromatase expression in the adipose tissue and red wine decreased adipocyte size (P < 0.05). In addition, animals treated with red wine or ethanol had significantly lower weight gain than controls, despite a similar energy intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the ingestion of red wine may alter the production of estrogens by adipose tissue, body weight gain, and adipocyte size. Some of these red wine effects are attributable to ethanol. This relation among estrogen availability, adipocyte biology, and weight gain is most interesting and deserves further study because it may lead to new strategies to reduce metabolic syndrome incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. rosariom@med.up.pt
authors.forename: Rosário
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pestana
authors.forename: Conceição
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calhau
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D048429:Cell Size; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D000431:Ethanol; D001141:Aromatase