title: A clinical trial demonstration of a web-based test for alcohol and drug effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a Web-installed test of skills essential to driving: target detection and divided attention. The Attention Assessment (TAA) was designed for use in global clinical trials to document the effects of alcohol and other drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scoring algorithms and data-storage tools were installed on servers in bicoastal U.S. locations. IBM PC-compatible test units with encrypted Web access and 19-inch monitors were installed at a Canadian site. A single-center, crossover design was used to compare the pharmacodynamic properties of a pharmaceutical compound under development with those of alcohol (blood alcohol concentration [BAC]=.10%) over time. For this study, 33 subjects completed four 36-hour testing periods. Blood samples and pharmacodynamic assessments were performed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 24 hours. Analysis of covariance was conducted on six composite TAA scores as change from baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the six composite scores showed significant ethanol effects (p<.02) over a BAC range of. 1% to .05%. Within-session test-retest reliability was r=.86 and between periods was r=.51 (between Periods 1 and 2), .83 (between Periods 2 and 3), and .81 (between Periods 3 and 4). Individual impairment was evident at .05%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was possible to conduct sensitive alcohol/other drug testing from a central database with secure scoring. Test installation, data monitoring, and norms assembly were performed at a remote location. TAA gives researchers the ability to immediately and normatively evaluate alcohol and drug effects in diverse global locations. Secondary applications include clinical or worksite testing. The data show improved precision over previous test versions to map the effect of drugs on visual/cognitive skills involved in driving.
authors.affiliation: Profile Associates, Inc., 111 Cloister Court, Suite 212, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA. profilter@intrex.net
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Spruill
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*