title: Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with consumption of packaged spinach, August-September 2006: the Wisconsin investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection often causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, in cooperation with other local, state, and federal partners, investigated an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In September 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene were able to link geographically dispersed E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from the stool samples of ill persons, all of which had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern (i.e., outbreak pattern). Investigators conducted a case-control study with control subjects (n = 86) matched to case patients (n = 49) by age, sex, and residential location. All case patients' onsets of illness occurred during the period from 20 August through 14 September 2006. Illness was associated with spinach consumption (matched odds ratio, 82.1; 95% confidence interval, 14.7 to >1000). Of the 49 case patients, 26 (53%) recalled eating brand A spinach. On multibrand analysis, only brand A was associated with illness (undefined matched odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 6.8-infinity). Wisconsin's agriculture laboratory isolated E. coli O157:H7 with the outbreak pattern from spinach in 2 brand A packages, both produced on 15 August 2006.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid multijurisdictional epidemiologic and laboratory response, including timely pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern analysis and PulseNet posting, facilitated prompt voluntary recall of brand A spinach.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. dvq6@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.forename: Diep Hoang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Umid
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sharapov
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koschmann
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000382:microbiology*; D014922:Wisconsin