title: Nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in intensive care units in Taiwan.
abstract: A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from patients treated at the intensive care units (ICUs) of ten Taiwanese major teaching hospitals was conducted from September 2005 through November 2005. High rates of resistance (intermediate/resistant) of S. pneumoniae to penicillin (85% resistance), ceftriaxone (46%/20%), and cefepime (43%/15%) by meningitis criteria, and in contrast, non-susceptibilities (intermediate/resistant) to penicillin (0%/0%), ceftriaxone (20%/0%) and cefepime (15%/0%) by non-meningitis criteria were noted (p values < 0.05) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2008. Resistant rate of S. pneumoniae to azithromycin was also high (63%). S. pneumoniae isolates were significantly more susceptible to ertapenem (87%) than to imipenem (39%) and meropenem (44%) (p values < 0.05). Rates of non-susceptibilities of H. influenzae isolates to ampicillin and cefaclor were high (55% and 45%, respectively). No beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) H. influenzae isolates were found. Imipenem has a notably higher MIC(90) value (8 microg/ml) for H. influenzae than that of the other two carbapenems. Tigecycline showed good in vitro activities against these two respiratory pathogens. High rates of resistance among isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae continue to exist in the ICUs of Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: P-R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: W-S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M-Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: I-S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W-K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L-J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents