title: Efficacy of interferon Beta combined with cyclosporine induction and intensified therapy for retreatment of chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major burden after liver transplantation. There is no effective treatment for these patients, therefore management is challenging. Cyclophilins are essential host factors for HCV replication. We have reported herein the efficacy of divided administration of interferon (IFN) beta plus cyclosporine for chronic hepatitis C patients who failed pegylated (Peg)-IFN or IFN combined ribavirin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 59 patients (median age, 63 years) with genotype 1b who failed to respond to the combinations of IFN plus ribavirin or Peg-IFN plus ribavirin. Our treatment involved induction, intensified, and maintenance therapies. The induction therapy prescribed intravenous 1 MU IFN beta every 4 hours for the first 3 days, 1.5 MU IFN beta every 6 hours for the next 4 days, and then 2 MU IFN beta every 8 hours for 3 weeks. The intensified therapy was the induction therapy shortened to 2 weeks. The maintenance therapy involved Peg-IFN alpha 2b and ribavirin. Cyclosporine was given 4 times daily during the induction and intensified therapies. Ribavirin was given twice daily during the maintenance phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The end treatment and sustained virological response rates in the present study were 73% (43/59) and 59% (35/59), respectively. The relapse rate was 19% (8/43). Sixteen percent of patients (3/19) were nonresponders. All adverse effects were reversible. The treatment protocol was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our protocol should be effective for patients who have failed previous combination therapies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan. kazuaki-inoue@showa-university-fujigaoka.gr.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikumi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000821:virology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012008:Recurrence; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; D016899:Interferon-beta; D016572:Cyclosporine; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a