title: Dual effects of sodium tungstate on adipocyte biology: inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of cellular oxygen consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently shown the in vivo anti-obesity effects of sodium tungstate. In this study, we investigate the in vitro effects of sodium tungstate on adipocyte differentiation and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  3T3-F442A cells were allowed to differentiate in the presence of sodium tungstate, and were analyzed for triglyceride (TG) accumulation, adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial oxygen consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sodium tungstate treatment of adipose cells decreased TG accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Expression of key genes for adipocyte function (aP2, ACC, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) and differentiation (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)) was reduced by sodium tungstate, whereas C/EBPbeta isoform LIP expression level was increased. TG accumulation and changes in C/EBPbeta expression were partially recovered by inactivating the erk1/2 pathway. Finally, tungstate treatment increased the oxygen consumption of adipose cells without changes in the expression of oxidative genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium tungstate inhibits adipocyte differentiation by promoting the translation of LIP, a master dominant-negative regulator of this process, and regulates the mitochondrial oxygen consumption of adipose cells. These effects contribute to the anti-obesity activity of sodium tungstate and confirm its potential as a powerful alternative for the treatment of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Diabetis i Obesitat, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Spain. carmona@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amigó
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barceló-Batllori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Julià
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomis
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D014280:Triglycerides; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C025399:sodium tungstate(VI)