Bacterial cell curvature through mechanical control of cell growth.
The cytoskeleton is a key regulator of cell morphogenesis. Crescentin, a bacterial intermediate filament-like protein, is required for the curved shape of Caulobacter crescentus and localizes to the inner cell curvature. Here, we show that crescentin forms a single filamentous structure that collapses into a helix when detached from the cell membrane, suggesting that it is normally maintained in a stretched configuration. Crescentin causes an elongation rate gradient around the circumference of the sidewall, creating a longitudinal cell length differential and hence curvature. Such curvature can be produced by physical force alone when cells are grown in circular microchambers. Production of crescentin in Escherichia coli is sufficient to generate cell curvature. Our data argue for a model in which physical strain borne by the crescentin structure anisotropically alters the kinetics of cell wall insertion to produce curved growth. Our study suggests that bacteria may use the cytoskeleton for mechanical control of growth to alter morphology.
Cabeen
Matthew T
MT
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Charbon
Godefroid
G
Vollmer
Waldemar
W
Born
Petra
P
Ausmees
Nora
N
Weibel
Douglas B
DB
Jacobs-Wagner
Christine
C
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016935:Caulobacter crescentus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan