title: Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in chronic heart failure.
abstract: In this review, we present recent insights on chronic heart failure (CHF) and the potential role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukins, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitrosative stress in the progression of this disease process. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. Under physiologic conditions, their unfavourable effect in causing oxidative damage is counteracted by antioxidants. An imbalance in favour of oxidants leads to oxidative stress, and contributes to myocyte apoptosis, direct negative inotropic effects, and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Together, these effects lead to impaired vasodilatation of the coronary, pulmonary and peripheral vascular beds. In patients with moderate to severe forms of CHF, TNF-alpha leads to the formation of nitrotyrosine and consumption of nitric oxide by virtue of activation of myeloperoxidase. Further studies are required to better elucidate the complex interaction of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation in CHF. Such insights would likely lead to development of better strategies for the assessment of the disease severity by monitoring of new bio-humoral indices and better treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Via per Revislate 13, Veruno (NO), Italy. ermanno.eleuteri@fsm.it
authors.forename: Ermanno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eleuteri
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magno
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gnemmi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anzalone
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tarro Genta
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zummo
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: Pantaleo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannuzzi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D015538:Nitrosation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009195:Peroxidase