Ca2+-sensitive transcriptional regulation: direct DNA interaction by DREAM.
Calcium is a major regulator of cell function, acting as a second messenger to relay signals from the cell surface to other parts of the cell. It plays an integral role in contraction of muscle cells and it regulates cell growth and proliferation, as well as cell death (1). The present review will discuss how Ca2+ mediates these functions through the regulation of gene expression. This can be accomplished by Ca2+-sensitive protein kinases as well as phosphatases which activate transcription factors. It can also be mediated by direct interaction of Ca2+-sensitive proteins with regulatory elements within the DNA sequence itself. Special attention will be given to recent advances in research in the down-stream regulatory element (DRE) and its Ca2+-sensitive modulator DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator; also named calsenilin or K+ channel interacting protein 3 (KChIP3)) (2).
Sours-Brothers
Sherry
S
University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Ma
Rong
R
Koulen
Peter
P
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051605:Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
C496749:KCNIP3 protein, human; D051605:Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D002118:Calcium