title: [Physical exercise in the rehabilitation of dialysis patients].
abstract: A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of low physical capacity and an independent risk factor for death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The physical capacity of ESRD patients is 60% of an age-matched population with normal kidney function. Although muscular dysfunction is of crucial significance in low physical capacity, its etiology is more complex. The influence of uremic toxins, vitamin D3 deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, insulin resistance, androgen deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, malnutrition, inflammation, and cachexia are all taken into consideration. Physical rehabilitation improves physical proficiency, the performance of daily activities, and quality of life. In this review possible methods of rehabilitation and their advantages, disadvantages, and possible complications are presented.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Nefrologii i Medycyny Transplantacyjnej Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gołebiowski
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyde
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusztal
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szymczak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madziarska
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penar
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watorek
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajewska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strempska
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D003956:Dialysis; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D008019:Life Style; D011788:Quality of Life