title: Computed tomographic findings in non-traumatic hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze CT findings in hemorrhagic stroke patients correlation with clinical outcome and assess the interobserver agreement of hemorrhagic stroke identification on CT imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT imaging features of 131 cases and clinical data were verified and collected at Siriraj Hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005 and retrospectively analyzed for type, location, mass effect, size of hemorrhage, intraventricular extension, initial level of consciousness (GCS), hospital length of stay and patient outcome. The percentages, predictive values, kappa were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From all types of hemorrhagic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage remains a common and devastating clinical problem. The most common site was the thalamus and basal ganglia. In the present study, the authors found that fifty-three cases (53/131 cases, 40.5%) with thalamic-ganglionic hemorrhage, nineteen cases (19/131 cases, 14.5%) in lobar hemorrhage, five cases (5/131 cases, 3.8%) in cerebellum, five cases (5/131 7 cases, 3.8%) in brainstem and eight cases (8/131 cases, 6.1%) occurred in multiple locations. There were twenty-five cases (25/131 cases, 19.1%) of subarachnoid hemorrhage, thirteen cases (13/131 cases, 9.9%) of subdural hemorrhage and three cases (3/131 cases, 2.3%) of intraventricular hemorrhage. Two variables on CT imaging, identified as significant as early mortality predictors, were hematoma volume more than 60 cm3, and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage extension (p < 0.05). The mass effect defined as midline and/or enlargement of contralateral ventricle was not significant (p = 0.067). The present study found concordance between CT brain interpretation by two neuroradiologists for the type of hemorrhagic stroke was very good, Kappa = 0.861 as well as for location was 0.866.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT imaging is an imaging instrument for early identification of hemorrhagic stroke patients and providing imaging evidence of high mortality risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. siscv@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Pipat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiewvit
authors.forename: Nasuda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danchaivijitr
authors.forename: Yongchai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nilanont
authors.forename: Niphon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poungvarin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed