title: Potentially preventable tuberculosis among HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases that could have been prevented among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons receiving care in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an observational cohort study among HIV-infected patients with >or=2 out-patient visits at the Comprehensive Care Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A potentially preventable TB case was defined as a case in which the patient received no screening tuberculin skin test (TST) prior to TB diagnosis or a case in which a patient with a positive screening TST did not complete treatment for latent infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3601 HIV-infected persons in care (13 905 person-years [p-y] of follow-up), 29 developed TB (230/100,000 p-y). Of the 29, 20 (69%) had not had TST performed as part of routine screening. Of the nine patients screened, four had a positive test, three of whom completed treatment for latent TB infection. Of 29 TB cases, 21 (72%) were therefore potentially preventable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most TB cases in this cohort were potentially preventable had the patients undergone a screening TST followed by treatment of latent infection if they had a positive TST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2582, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barkanic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stinnette
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rebeiro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Raffanti
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Sterling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000517:prevention & control*