title: Dietary fluoride intake by children receiving different sources of systemic fluoride.
abstract: There has been no comparison of fluoride (F) intake by pre-school children receiving more traditional sources of systemic F. The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary F intake by children receiving F from artificially fluoridated water (AFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.8 mg F/L), naturally fluoridated water (NFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.9 mg F/L), fluoridated salt (FS-Peru, 180-200 mg F/Kg), and fluoridated milk (FM-Peru, 0.25 mg F). Children (n=21-26) aged 4-6 yrs old participated in each community. A non-fluoridated community (NoF) was evaluated as the control population. Dietary F intake was monitored by the "duplicate plate" method, with different constituents (water, other beverages, and solids). F was analyzed with an ion-selective electrode. Data were tested by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p<0.05). Mean (+/- SD) F intake (mg/Kg b.w./day) was 0.04+/-0.01(b), 0.06+/-0.02(a,b), 0.05+/-0.02(a,b), 0.06+/-0.01(a), and 0.01+/-0.00(c) for AFW/NFW/FS/FM/NoF, respectively. The main dietary contributors for AFW/NFW and FS/FM/NoF were water and solids, respectively. The results indicate that the dietary F intake must be considered before a systemic method of fluoridation is implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: M H C
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arana
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Villena
authors.forename: F D S
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010568:Peru; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides