title: Differential expression of topoisomerase IIalpha protein in salivary gland carcinomas: histogenetic and prognostic implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary gland carcinomas are relatively uncommon heterogeneous malignancies characterized by locoregional invasion and distant metastasis. Topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha), located at chromosome 17q21-22, is considered a major mediator of cell proliferation and DNA replication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of topoIIalpha in various types of salivary gland tumors and its biological significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protein expression of topoIIalpha was evaluated immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 54 salivary gland carcinomas and 20 benign tumors (10 pleomorphic adenomas and 10 Warthin's tumors). The primary salivary gland carcinoma specimens consisted of 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 7 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified, 7 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 6 salivary duct carcinomas, 3 acinic cell carcinomas, 3 carcinomas ex pleomorphic adenomas, 3 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, 2 carcinosarcomas, 2 lymphoepithelial carcinomas, 2 myoepithelial carcinomas, 1 oncocytic carcinoma, and 1 squamous cell carcinoma. The associations between clinicopathological factors and outcome were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 54 primary salivary gland carcinomas, 38 (70%) showed positive expression (> or = 10%) of topoIIalpha protein, and 16 carcinomas (30%) and all benign tumors were negative (p < 0.001). Expression of topoIIalpha was more frequently observed in salivary duct carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid type, and it was associated with advanced stage and shortened survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that topoIIalpha expression is associated with histologically aggressive subtypes and shortened survival. Furthermore, it may provide useful prognostic information and suggests the potential efficacy of topoIIalpha-targeting therapy in patients with salivary gland carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. marucell@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruya
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakehata
authors.forename: Hidekachi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurotaki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: Hideichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinkawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II