title: False-negative sentinel node biopsy because of obstruction of lymphatics by metastatic melanoma: the value of ultrasound in conjunction with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe how metastatic melanoma obstructing lymphatic flow to sentinel nodes can result in a false-negative sentinel node biopsy and to show that the use of ultrasound in conjunction with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy can avoid this potential diagnostic pitfall. A series of three patients in whom metastatic melanoma obstructed lymphatic flow to sentinel nodes is reported. In these patients, lymphoscintigraphy failed to identify nodes containing metastatic disease. This resulted in a false-negative sentinel node biopsy result in two patients. A sentinel node biopsy was not carried out in the third patient, but the same dilemma was encountered. These cases provide further insights into the dynamics of lymphatic flow and suggest possible reasons for occasional inaccuracy of sentinel node biopsy. They also highlight the advantages of using ultrasound to assess lymph nodes in any node fields to which lymphatic drainage occurs from a primary tumour site.
authors.affiliation: Melanoma Institute Australia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Tai K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Roger F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Uren
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Scolyer
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Kerwin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000965:Antimony / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001365:Axilla; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012212:Rheology; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017556:Technetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; C019096:technetium Tc 99m antimony sulfide; D000965:Antimony