title: Anal submucosal carbon bead injection for treatment of idiopathic fecal incontinence: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Submucosal injection of bulking agents is a treatment option for idiopathic fecal incontinence. This study sought to assess whether the injection of carbon beads can significantly improve anal continence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients presenting with fecal incontinence were evaluated with standardized incontinence grading and quality-of-life grading scores, by anoproctoscopy, endoanal ultrasound, and anomanometry before, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after injection. Injection therapy was performed in patients with anatomically intact anal sphincters. Patients kept a two-week incontinence diary. Data were obtained from a two-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven women with a mean age of 66 (range, 56 to 74) years met the inclusion criteria. Mean incontinence score was 12.27 +/- 0.97 at baseline, 6.82+/-1.64 at three-month, 6.73 +/- 1.47 at six-month, 5.91 +/- 0.95 at one-year, and 4.91 +/- 0.87 at two-year follow-up (P = 0.003). Quality-of-life items like coping and embarrassment improved significantly from baseline 2.3 to 3 at three months and 2.8 at six months (P < 0.05). Anomanometry showed a trend toward increase in measured pressures. No major complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injection of carbon beads via an intersphincteric approach is a promising new treatment option for old patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. felix.aigner@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margreiter
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oberwalder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008365:Manometry; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015040:Zirconium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005936:Glucans; C431745:durasphere; D002244:Carbon; D015040:Zirconium