title: Normalization of qRT-PCR data: the necessity of adopting a systematic, experimental conditions-specific, validation of references.
abstract: Quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, also known as qRT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR) has been used in large proportions of transcriptome analyses published to date. The accuracy of the results obtained by this method strongly depends on accurate transcript normalization using stably expressed genes, known as references. Statistical algorithms have been developed recently to help validate reference genes but, surprisingly, this robust approach is under-utilized in plants. Instead, putative 'housekeeping' genes tend to be used as references without any proper validation. The concept of normalization in transcript quantification is introduced here and the factors affecting its reliability in qRT-PCR are discussed in an attempt to convince molecular biologists, and non-specialists, that systematic validation of reference genes is essential for producing accurate, reliable data in qRT-PCR analyses, and thus should be an integral component of them.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Centre, Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guénin
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauriat
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelloux
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Van Wuytswinkel
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000592:standards*