title: Impact of drought-related vaccination on livestock mortality in pastoralist areas of Ethiopia.
abstract: Under a national Livestock Policy Forum in Ethiopia the impact of livestock vaccination during drought was assessed in order to inform the development of a best-practice guideline. For each of the different types of vaccine used during drought years there was no significant difference in livestock mortality, for any species, in vaccinated compared with non-vaccinated herds. The limited impact of vaccination on livestock mortality was attributed to weaknesses in the design and implementation of vaccination programmes, including use of inappropriate vaccines, low vaccination coverage, problems with vaccine dosing, incorrect timing of vaccination and problems with vaccine storage. If these weaknesses could be overcome vaccination could be a useful means to protect livestock assets, with considerable benefit-cost ratios. Vaccination should be conducted as a standard preventive measure during normal years, and programme design should be informed by participatory epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. andrew.catley@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catley
authors.forename: Dawit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.forename: Berhanu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Admassu
authors.forename: Gezu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bekele
authors.forename: Bayou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abera
authors.forename: Gezahegn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eshete
authors.forename: Tesfaye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rufael
authors.forename: Tesfaye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haile
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055864:Droughts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005002:Ethiopia; D005843:Geography; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control