title: Over-representation of diabetic patients with renal anaemia in the primary care setting.
abstract: AIMS. Anaemia is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD); the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) have defined renal anaemia as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and haemoglobin (HB) <11.0 g/dl. The purpose of this study was to see if diabetic patients have a higher prevalence in primary care of this new anaemia definition. Furthermore, we wished to determine whether diabetic patients were over-represented above HB 11.0 g/dl, which may lead to developing renal anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an observational prevalence study in primary care from one Staffordshire practice in 2005-2006. Egton Medical Information Systems Ltd computer database was searched for patients with two Modification of Diet in Renal Disease eGFRs separated by 3 months, HB levels and medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a list size of 1830 patients, 362 had two eGFRs <60; of those, 308 had a HB available. In all, 29 (9.4%) patients had NICE renal anaemia, with over-representation of diabetic patients, 13 (16%) against 16 (7%) without diabetes (P < 0.02). We found that diabetic patients were also over-represented at HB 11.0 to <12.5 g/dl, 26 (32%) with diabetes and 39 (17.6%) without (P < 0.001). Mean HB was significantly lower for the diabetic group (n = 81, 26%), 12.8 g/dl (95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 12.4-13.1) against non-diabetic group (n = 227, 74%), 13.4 g/dl (95% CI 13.2-13.6), P < 0.01. Predictors of HB on multivariate regression analysis were female gender, eGFR and diabetes (all P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients were more likely to have NICE defined renal anaemia in this primary care population with CKD stages 3-5. This is similar to observations in secondary care settings. We observed over-representation of diabetic patients above NICE definition at HB 11.0 to <12.5 g/dl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Princes Road, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7LN, UK. samiul_m@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Samiul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Senyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tagboto
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation; D011320:Primary Health Care