title: Potential clinical benefit of the in situ hybridization method for the diagnosis of sepsis.
abstract: Despite the significant development of antibiotics, sepsis is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The identification of pathologic organisms at an early stage of sepsis is critical to improve the outcome, but this is difficult to achieve with the conventional method of blood culture (BC). It has been demonstrated that the genes of pathogenic organisms surviving in neutrophils were detectable with in situ hybridization (ISH) and this method was useful for the accurate and rapid diagnosis of sepsis. In this study, we applied ISH to blood smears 60 patients with suspected sepsis. BC was also carried out using the same blood samples to investigate the diagnostic value of ISH. The number of positive results obtained by ISH was approximately four times higher than that obtained by BC (ISH, 25 [41.7%]; BC, 7 [11.7%]). The positive rate in the 21 patients given antibiotics was 61.9% by ISH (13 patients) and 4.7% by BC (1 patient). The antibiotic treatments targeting the organisms detected by either procedure showed a beneficial clinical outcome. Positive results by ISH were obtained earlier than those with BC (ISH, within 1 day; BC, several days). We conclude that ISH is a useful method for the rapid diagnosis of sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakasendo
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsukiji
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanuki
authors.forename: Atsuhisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishigatsubo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents