title: H2AX phosphorylation and kinetics of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair in human primary thyrocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most frequent thyroid neoplasia and is associated with radiation exposure. A consistent proportion of PTC is characterized by chromosome rearrangements producing RET and TRK oncogenes, but the mechanisms underlying the thyrocyte propensity to such alterations are poorly understood. Diminished capacity of thyrocytes to repair radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) might play a role in chromosome rearrangements; however, this question has not been fully addressed due to the lack of physiologically relevant experimental models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several normal human thyroid primary cultures were produced and characterized for their capacity to repair the DNA DSBs induced by ionizing radiation. For comparison, normal human bronchial epithelial cells were used. We employed the gammaH2AX foci assay; counts were determined at different time points after irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the thyrocyte samples analyzed showed similar DNA DSBs induction. The rate of gammaH2AX foci clearance was homogenous, showing only small differences among samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work reports the first characterization of DNA DSB repair in human primary thyrocytes, a relevant clinical model for thyroid carcinogenesis, and represents an important step toward dissection of the link between DNA DSB repair and thyroid-specific oncogenic rearrangements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, Operative Unit Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Growth and Progression, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galleani
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pierotti
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006207:Half-Life; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D004247:DNA