title: Pharmacological management of glycemic control in the geriatric patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Discuss geriatric considerations in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and review the advantages and disadvantages of the various pharmacologic agents, including oral medications and insulin, currently available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature identified within MEDLINE and PubMED, with an emphasis on material published since 2000, were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 67 primary study manuscripts, clinical reviews, and dosing guidelines were identified and reviewed based on their clinical relevance to the geriatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature searches were performed for studies and reviews that included information on the use of antidiabetic medications in the geriatric population. Information was gathered from the available literature base for each medication class included in the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature identified provided guidelines and considerations for the treatment of the older patient with diabetes mellitus to optimize patient outcomes while minimizing the risk for adverse events. This review provides a systematic outline of these considerations and suggests treatment pearls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach to managing T2DM in the elderly should be conservative and methodical in nature, with careful consideration of side effects, drug-disease and drug-drug interactions, and the risk of inducing hypoglycemia in this at-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University/Elderly Services, Spokane, Washington 99217-6131, USA. jneumiller@wsu.edu
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Neumiller
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Setter
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: Travis E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sonnett
authors.forename: Erin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Dobbins
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents