title: Inhibitory effects of Citrus hassaku extract and its flavanone glycosides on melanogenesis.
abstract: The 50% ethanolic extract (CH-ext) obtained from the unripe fruit of Citrus hassaku exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The CH-ext showed antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Activity-guided fractionation of the CH-ext indicated that flavanone glycoside-rich fractions showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Further examination revealed that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the CH-ext were attributable to naringin and neohesperidin, respectively. The CH-ext showed inhibition of melanogenesis without any effects on cell proliferation in cultured murine B16 melanoma cells after glucosamine exposure. The topical application of the CH-ext to the dorsal skin of brownish guinea pigs showed in vivo preventive effects against UVB-induced pigmentation.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naruto
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002957:Citrus; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006027:Glycosides; D008543:Melanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase