title: The emergence of lineage-specific chromosomal topologies from coordinate gene regulation.
abstract: Although the importance of chromosome organization during mitosis is clear, it remains to be determined whether the nucleus assumes other functionally relevant chromosomal topologies. We have previously shown that homologous chromosomes have a tendency to associate during hematopoiesis according to their distribution of coregulated genes, suggesting cell-specific nuclear organization. Here, using the mathematical approaches of distance matrices and coupled oscillators, we model the dynamic relationship between gene expression and chromosomal associations during the differentiation of a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor. Our analysis reveals dramatic changes in total genomic order: Commitment of the progenitor results in an initial increase in entropy at both the level of gene coregulation and chromosomal organization, which we suggest represents a phase transition, followed by a progressive decline in entropy during differentiation. The stabilization of a highly ordered state in the differentiated cell types results in lineage-specific chromosomal topologies and is related to the emergence of coherence-or self-organization-between chromosomal associations and coordinate gene regulation. We discuss how these observations may be generally relevant to cell fate decisions encountered by progenitor/stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences and Department of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Indika
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rajapakse
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scalzo
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kooperberg
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groudine
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kosak
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation