title: Effects of stimulus intensity on the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly, bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotics in acute mania: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in speed of improvement and remission in people with mania undergoing bilateral, brief-pulse, twice-weekly electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at stimulus intensities administered just above and 2.5 times their individually titrated seizure threshold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive, eligible subjects with mania, prescribed ECT, were randomised to receive treatments at stimulus doses either just above or 2.5 times their individually titrated seizure thresholds. Main outcomes were the speed of improvement and remission as measured by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I) and cognitive side effects assessed by the Mini-Mental State Exam, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and a scale for autobiographical memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24/26 subjects (92.3%) given threshold ECT and 22/24 subjects (91.7%) given suprathreshold ECT were significantly improved [CGI = 2; odds ratio (OR) = 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-8.4; p = 1.0] at the end of ECT. A total of 88% of the sample had remitted [YMRS < 10; threshold 23/26 (88.5%) versus suprathreshold 21/24 (87.5%)], with no significant differences between interventions (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.2- 6.0; p = 1.0). The interventions did not differ significantly in the time or number of ECT treatments required for improvement or remission. Both interventions were equally safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral, twice-weekly ECT delivered at stimulus intensities just above individually titrated seizure threshold was as effective and safe as ECT administered at stimulus intensities 2.5 times seizure threshold in rapidly resolving the symptoms of acute mania.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. titussamson@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Titus S P
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Prathap
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tharyan
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Nirmal S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Raveendran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents