title: A rare case of invasive vaginal carcinoma associated with vaginal prolapse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carcinoma of vagina is a rare entity in the gynecological oncology field and a standardized therapy is not established due to lack of clinical experience even in major oncology centers. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports that assess the clinical experience of primary vaginal carcinoma associated with vaginal prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 73-year-old P11 L11 female presented with verrucous epidermoid carcinoma in prolapsed vagina which has occurred 16 years after transvaginal hysterectomy approached for treatment of third degree uterine prolapse associated with cervix decubital ulcer. Radiation was the main therapy implemented on the present case, however, concurrent surgery was performed to remove the vaginal prolapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful preoperative histological evaluation of cervix in cases of uterine prolapse and postoperative cytologic and colposcopic follow-up of the vagina after hysterectomies are important because possible association with cervical carcinoma and occurrence of late vaginal cancer. Surgery and radiotherapy were effectively combined in this case that remains with no recurrence after 2 years follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. t.paulo@bol.com.br
authors.forename: Thales Paulo
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: José Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Tarcísio José Cysneiros Costa
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Francisco Igor Bulcão
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Macedo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery