Potential factors induced by filoviruses that lead to immune supression.
The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing acute diseases typified by rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fevers. Upon filoviral infection, innate immune cells become paralyzed and lose the capacity to properly co-stimulate and activate filovirus-specific, T-cell responses. Deleterious inflammation and upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules expressed by monocytic lineage cells (e.g., dendritic cells) and their co-inhibitory receptors on T- and B-cells may lead to incomplete humoral and T-cell immunity, anergy, exhaustion, apoptosis, and subsequent immune subversion. Hence, the dysregulation of inflammatory and co-inhibitory molecules may be exploited by filoviruses to further deteriorate host immune responses, ultimately leading to fulminant infections in susceptible species. Thus, in light of accumulating scientific observations, the challenge is now to characterize the molecular mechanisms that may result in rational strategies leading to new therapeutics and vaccines.
Mohamadzadeh
Mansour
M
Northwestern University, School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. m.zadeh@northwestern.edu
D000818:Animals; D016563:Filoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D008379:Marburg Virus Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D016753:Interleukin-10