title: The application of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate grafted PCL porous scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: This study investigates a poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-graft-type II collagen-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PCL-g-COL-g-CS) biomaterial as a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Biodegradable polyester, PCL, was utilized to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds by particulate leaching. The PCL scaffold was then surface modified by chemical bonding of 1,6-hexanediamine and the grafting of a bioactive polymer layer of COL and CS with the help of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl- aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) on the modified PCL surface to produce PCL-g-COL and PCL-g-COL-g-CS, respectively. The characteristics of these modified and grafted matrices were examined by ESCA, aminolysis, collagen and CS assay, porosity and water-binding capacity. Grafted COL and CS markedly increased water-binding capacity, and promoted the spreading and growth of chondrocytes. During a 4-week culture period, PCL-g-COL and PCL-g-COL-g-CS matrices both provided more cell proliferation, as determined by measuring the DNA assay. Additionally, a larger amount of secreted collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) appeared in the PCL-g-COL-g-CS matrices than in the control (PCL) as indicated by the histochemical sections via Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, Masson trichrome stain and Safranin-O stain. The chondrocytes were induced to function normally; the cell phenotype was maintained, and the GAGs and collagen in the PCL-g-COL-g-CS scaffold were secreted in vitro. These results serve as a basis for future studies of the fabrication process and reveal the potential biocompatibility of the biomimetic matrix for regenerating articular cartilage or other organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsin Chu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kuo-Yung
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Li-Han
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: I-Ming
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Chih-Shen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yu-Der
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D014867:Water; C016240:polycaprolactone; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D004247:DNA