title: Tattoo types and frequencies in New Mexican white hispanics and white non-hispanics: autopsy data from homicidal and accidental deaths, 2002-2005.
abstract: Tattoos serve as a form of forensic personal identification and providing evidence of possible gang affiliation, incarceration history, and high-risk lifestyle factors such as drug use. Despite their forensic applications, tattoo typology and frequencies in specific ethnic and racial groups are underreported and poorly understood. This study examined autopsy records from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator from 2002 to 2005. A total of 3430 individuals (1666 white Hispanics; 1764 white non-Hispanics), aged 18 to 100 years, with homicidal or accidental manners of death were included in the study. In addition to demographic information, data were recorded on the presence/absence of tattoos, singular or multiple tattoos, and the language of text tattoos. Tattoos depicting gang or religious symbolism were also recorded. Results indicate statistically significant differences in tattoo frequencies by ethnicity (52% Hispanic vs. 29.5% non-Hispanic), sex (46.8% men vs. 25.9% women) and age cohort. Hispanics were more likely to have multiple tattoos than non-Hispanics (41% and 19%, respectively), and were 4.67 times more likely to have a religious tattoo and 7.13 times more likely to have a gang tattoo than non-Hispanics. Significant patterns in language of text tattoos and correlations with manner of death were also noted.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. dkomar@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Komar
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lathrop
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003334:Coroners and Medical Examiners; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009516:New Mexico; D010379:Peer Group; D012067:Religion; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012933:Social Identification; D013561:Symbolism; D013653:Tattooing; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult