title: Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin encoding gene (ADIPOQ) with type 2 diabetes in Japanese Brazilians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of ADIPOQ variants to type 2 diabetes in Japanese Brazilians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 200 patients with diabetes mellitus (100 male and 100 female, aged 55.0 years [47.5-64.0 years]) and 200 control subjects with normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (72 male and 128 female, aged 52.0 years [43.5-64.5 years]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas each polymorphism studied (T45G, G276T, and A349G) was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the haplotype GGA was overrepresented in our diabetic population (9.3% against 3.1% in NGT individuals, P=.0003). Also, this haplotype was associated with decreased levels of adiponectin. We also identified three mutations in exon 3: I164T, R221S, and H241P, but, owing to the low frequencies of them, associations with type 2 diabetes could not be evaluated. The subjects carrying the R221S mutation had plasma adiponectin levels lower than those without the mutation (2.10 microg/ml [1.35-2.55 microg/ml] vs. 6.68 microg/ml [3.90-11.23 microg/ml], P=.015). Similarly, the I164T mutation carriers had mean plasma adiponectin levels lower than those noncarriers (3.73 microg/ml [3.10-4.35 microg/ml] vs. 6.68 microg/ml [3.90-11.23 microg/ml]), but this difference was not significant (P=.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified in the ADIPOQ gene a risk haplotype for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese Brazilian population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vendramini
authors.forename: Alexandre C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Teresa S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kasamatsu
authors.forename: Regina S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moisés
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose