title: Comparison of ras-responsive gene enhancers in pancreatic tumor cells that express either wild-type or mutant K-ras.
abstract: There is a pressing need for new therapies to treat pancreatic cancer. In principle, this could be achieved by taking advantage of signaling pathways that are active in tumor, but not normal, cells. The work described in this study set out to determine whether the activities of three enhancers, which have been reported to be highly responsive to activated ras, differ in pancreatic tumor cells that express wild-type versus constitutively active mutant forms of K-ras. Surprisingly, the three enhancers are active in four different pancreatic tumor cell lines that express either normal K-ras gene or mutant K-ras. Moreover, reducing the concentration of serum in the growth medium from 10% to 0.5% had relatively little effect on the strength of any of the enhancers, although it drastically affected cell growth. Importantly, our studies also indicate that MEK is active in pancreatic tumor cells that possess wild-type as well as mutant K-ras, even when cultured in medium that severely limits cell growth. These findings support the hypothesis that the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway may be constitutively active even in pancreatic tumor cells that express wild-type K-ras.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-6805, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: Harini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzino
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins