title: Counter-flow electrokinetic supercharging for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples.
abstract: Electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) has been used in the last few years as a powerful tool for separation and on-line preconcentration of different types of analytes. We have developed a valuable modification for EKS system, namely counter-flow EKS (CF-EKS) and applied it for the separation and on-line preconcentration of seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in water samples. In CF-EKS, a hydrodynamic counter-flow is applied during electrokinetic injection of the analytes within the EKS system. This counter-flow minimises the introduction of the sample matrix into the capillary, allowing longer injections to be performed. Careful choice of the optimum counter-flow as well as the optimum injection voltage allowed the sensitivity to be enhanced by 11,800-fold, giving limits of detection (LODs) of 10.7-47.0 ng/L for the selected NSAIDs. The developed method was validated and then applied for the determination of the studied NSAIDs in drinking water as well as wastewater samples from Hobart city.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawod
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Breadmore
authors.forename: Rosanne M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guijt
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water; D009288:Naproxen