title: Prematurity in twin pregnancies.
abstract: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of adverse perinatal outcome, including both neonatal morbidity and mortality. This condition has been directly associated with the consistently rising incidence of multiple gestations over the past three decades. Twin gestation, the most common form of multiple gestation, represents a unique subgroup of fetuses at high risk for prematurity. Extensive research has been dedicated to understanding the pathophysiological pathways leading to preterm birth as well as to developing efficient screening tests and treatments aimed to prevent or to halt it. This review summarizes epidemiological data regarding the etiology and outcomes associated with the different subtypes of PTB in twin gestations. Additionally, we provide information regarding both the different screening modes available for early detection, as well as the modalities for either prevention or treatments available for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. eranbor@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Proudfit
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Keeler
mesh_terms: D000077713:17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000379:methods; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006908:Hydroxyprogesterones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D015145:Tocolysis / Q000379:methods; D014427:Twins; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; C403421:FFN protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D006908:Hydroxyprogesterones; D000077713:17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate