title: Prevention of adhesion formation in a laparoscopic mouse model should combine local treatment with peritoneal cavity conditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion formation results from a series of local events at the trauma site. This process can be enhanced by factors derived from the peritoneal cavity such as mesothelial cell hypoxia (pneumoperitoneum with pure CO(2)), reactive oxygen species (pneumoperitoneum with more than 4% oxygen), desiccation and mesothelial trauma produced through manipulation. Adhesion prevention, therefore, should combine local treatment while minimizing adverse peritoneal factors through conditioning of the pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a laparoscopic mouse model, adhesion induction comprised a mechanical lesion together with a humidified pneumoperitoneum for 60 min with pure CO(2) at 37 degrees C. Adhesion prevention consisted of a combination of treatments known to reduce adhesions, i.e. pneumoperitoneum with CO(2) with the addition of 3-4% O(2), reduction of body temperature (BT) to 32 degrees C and application of antiadhesion products such as anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, nimesulide), calcium-channel blockers (diltiem), surfactants (phospholipids), barriers (Hyalobarrier gel), reactive oxygen species scavengers (superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid) and recombinant plasminogen activator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of 3% O(2) to the pneumoperitoneum or a lower BT decreased adhesions by 32% or 48%, respectively (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon), but were without additional effects when combined. In addition, if dexamethasone or Hyalobarrier((R)) gel were administrated, the total reduction was 76% (P = 0.04) or 85% (P < 0.02), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining pneumoperitoneum conditioning together with dexamethasone or a barrier resulted in significant adhesion reduction in a laparoscopic mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Mercedes.Binda@gmail.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Binda
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Koninckx
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000473:pathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000473:pathology; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen