title: Uncontrollable distant effects of botulinum neurotoxin injections.
abstract: Some dentists propose administering botulinum neurotoxin injections to treat orofacial pain. The scientific literature has documented there are dangerous uncontrollable effects of long-distance traveling of botulinum neurotoxin from the injection site. These distant effects are not technique-specific, not predictable, and cannot be controlled by the amount of neurotoxin, nor by the site administered. These uncontrollable distant effects of "off-label" botulinum neurotoxin injections, at the very least, must be thoroughly disclosed to patients.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Pain/TMJ Clinic, White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schames
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dov Prero
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schames
authors.forename: Mayer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schames
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A