title: The efficacy of a repeated infiltration in prolonging duration of pulpal anesthesia in maxillary lateral incisors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown declining rates of pulpal anesthesia over 60-minute periods in patients who have received 1.8 milliliters of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in the maxillary lateral incisor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study comparing the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained in 40 adult subjects with two sets of maxillary lateral incisor infiltrations, given in two separate appointments: an initial infiltration of 1.8 mL of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus a repeated infiltration of the same anesthetic and dose given 30 minutes after the initial infiltration, and an initial infiltration of 1.8 mL of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus a mock repeated infiltration given 30 minutes after the initial infiltration. The authors used an electric pulp tester to test the lateral incisor for anesthesia in two-minute cycles for 90 minutes after the injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The repeated infiltration improved pulpal anesthesia significantly in the maxillary lateral incisor in the period from 37 through 90 minutes postinjection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A repeated infiltration of 1.8 mL of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine given 30 minutes after the initial infiltration significantly improved the duration of pulpal anesthesia in the maxillary lateral incisor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drum
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nusstein
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine