title: Prevalence, correlates and course of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are major contributors to the burden of dementia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence, correlates and course of BPSD in the population of England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of 12 symptoms was estimated in 587 participants with dementia and 2050 participants without dementia as part of a population-based longitudinal study of ageing. The effect of risk factors and the factor structure were estimated using 1782 interviews provided by participants with dementia throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each symptom apart from sleeping problems was more common in the population with dementia. The co-occurrence of the symptoms was explained by a four-factor solution, corresponding to psychosis/apathy, depression/anxiety, irritability/persecution and wandering/sleep problems. Psychosis occurred more frequently with declining cognition. Anxiety and depression were more common in younger individuals and in those with poor self-reported health. Persistence varied between symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia affect nearly all people with dementia. Symptoms co-occur, and the symptoms that affected individuals experience are related to their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK. george.savva@phpc.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Savva
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaccai
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McKeith
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology