title: Effects of captan on Apis mellifera brood development under field conditions in California almond orchards.
abstract: Three almond field trials were conducted during 2003 and 2004 at two locations in central (Fresno County) and northern (Yolo County) California to evaluate the potential effects of commercial applications of Captan on honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Captan was applied at 5.0 kg (AI)/ha during bloom. Hives were evaluated for hive health and brood development parameters for approximately 2 mo after application. This study showed that the application of Captan was not harmful to foraging honey bees or their brood. No treatment-related effects were noted on hive weights, dead bee deformity, number of dead bees, survival of individual larvae, weight of individual emerging adults, and other hive health parameters.
authors.affiliation: Makhteshim Agan of North America, 4515 Falls of Neuse Rd., Raleigh, NC 27609, USA. rce@manainc.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Everich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beavers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002140:California; D002215:Captan / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002215:Captan