title: Determination of similarity measures for pairs of mass lesions on mammograms by use of BI-RADS lesion descriptors and image features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine similarity measures for selection of pathology-known similar images that would be useful for radiologists as a reference guide in the diagnosis of new breast lesions on mammograms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The images were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography developed by the University of South Florida. For determination and evaluation of similarity measures, the "gold standard" of similarities for 300 pairs of masses was determined by 10 breast radiologists. For determining similarity measures that would agree with radiologists' similarity determination, an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained with the radiologists' subjective similarity ratings and the image features. The image features were determined subjectively using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lesion descriptors and objectively by computerized image analysis. The similarity measures determined by the ANN were compared to the gold standard and evaluated in terms of the correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The similarity measures determined using the BI-RADS descriptors only were not as useful as those determined by use of the image features only. When the BI-RADS margin ratings were combined with the image features, the correlation coefficient between the subjective ratings and the objective measures improved slightly (r = 0.76) compared to those based on the image features alone (r = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of the BI-RADS margin descriptors may be useful for determination of similarity measures, especially when it is difficult to obtain the manual outlines of the masses and if the BI-RADS descriptors were provided consistently by radiologists.
authors.affiliation: Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. chisa@fjt.info.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity