title: Prenatal molecular diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to report experience with prenatal molecular diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) studies were performed on amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi from 50 pregnant women at risk for having a child with TSC. Mutations were determined by gene sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis of the 2 TSC genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA analysis was successful in 48 of 50 tested fetuses. Mutations were precisely identified in a family member (24) (TSC1 [5]; TSC2 [19]) and/or fetus (11) (TSC1 [3]; TSC2 [8]). Novel mutations were found in 19 individual families, and a probable polymorphism was noted in 4. Second-trimester ultrasound detected 18 fetuses with cardiac rhabdomyomas. There was insufficient DNA in 1, whereas 8 of 17 (47%) had a mutation, 6 (75%) being in TSC2. In 4 of 18 cases, a mutation was detected in the fetus for the first time despite a parent known to have TSC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value and utility of prenatal diagnosis of TSC by DNA analysis was demonstrated by the results in this series of 50 pregnancies in women at risk of having affected offspring. A family history of TSC or detection of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma should prompt genetic evaluation and counseling of parents and the option of prenatal diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. amilunsk@bu.edu
authors.forename: Aubrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milunsky
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Jeff M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Milunsky
mesh_terms: D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012207:Rhabdomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000624650:TSC1 protein, human; C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins