title: Incidence of stroke subtypes, prognosis and prevalence of risk factors in Joinville, Brazil: a 2 year community based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been few population based studies on stroke risk factors and prognosis conducted in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate, over a 2 year period, the incidence of the subtypes of first ever stroke, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and functional prognosis in a city located in the south of Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  The period from January 2005 to December 2006 was evaluated prospectively by compiling data on first ever stroke cases, medications used prior to the morbidity and the incidence of traditional risk factors. The annual incidence was adjusted for age using the direct method. Patients were monitored for at least 6 months following the event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1323 stroke cases, 759 were first ever stroke cases. Of these, 610 were classified as infarctions, 94 as intracerebral haemorrhage and 55 as subarachnoid haemorrhage. The crude incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants was 61.8 for infarction (95% CI 57.0 to 66.9), 9.5 for intracerebral haemorrhage (95% CI 7.7 to 11.6) and 5.6 for subarachnoid haemorrhage (95% CI 4.2 to 7.3). The 30 day case fatality was 19.1%. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was arterial hypertension. By post-stroke month 6, 25% had died (95% CI 21.4 to 29.1) whereas 61.5% had regained their independence (95% CI 56.2 to 68.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Case fatality rate, prognosis and incidence adjusted for stroke subtypes were similar to those found in other population based studies. The prevalence rates of ischaemic heart disease, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes suggest that Joinville presents a mixed pattern of cardiovascular risk, a pattern seen in developed and developing countries alike.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurológica de Joinville, Rua Plácido O de Oliveira, 1244, CEP 892-02451, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. abral@neurologica.com.br
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: A R R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: C H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: L A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eluf-Neto
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D010045:Outpatients; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology