title: Proteasome inhibition reduces donor-specific antibody levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) therapies (intravenous immunoglobulin, apheresis, rituximab, polyclonal antibodies) do not target the primary antibody producing B cells, that is, the plasma cell. We report the preliminary results from the first clinical experience with plasma cell targeted therapy with bortezomib. Bortezomib is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of plasma cell tumors (multiple myeloma).
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidney transplant patients with mixed acute cellular rejection (ACR) and AMR episodes (by Banff '97 criteria, update 2005) were treated with bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) per dose x 4) at standard labeled doses. Patients were monitored by serial donor specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) determinations [Luminex/Labscreen beads] and quantified by conversion to fluorescence intensity to molecules of equivalent soluble fluorescence (MESF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients were treated with bortezomib. Each patient also had coexisting ACR. In each case, bortezomib treatment led to prompt ACR and AMR rejection reversal. DSA levels decreased significantly in all patients (except 1 patient who had short follow-up). Observed toxicities from bortezomib included a transient grade III thrombocytopenia (1 patient) and mild-to-moderate nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea (3/5 patients). Opportunistic infections were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bortezomib therapy provides effective reduction in DSA levels with long-term suppression. These preliminary results indicate that proteasome inhibition provides an effective means for reducing HLA antibody levels in transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Everly
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Everly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Susskind
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brailey
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Arend
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Alloway
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Chaudhury
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Govil
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mogilishetty
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rike
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wadih
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tevar
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Woodle
mesh_terms: D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D007518:Isoantibodies; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib