title: Communication skills training and clinicians' defenses in oncology: an exploratory, controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The underlying mechanisms modifying clinician's communication skills by means of communication skills training (CST) remain unknown. Defense mechanisms, defined as psychological processes protecting the individual against emotional stress, may be a mediating factor of skills improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an adapted version of the Defense Mechanism Rating Scale-Clinician, this study evaluated clinicians' defense mechanisms and their possible modification after CST. Interviews with simulated patients of oncology clinicians (N=57) participating in CST (pre-/post-CST with a 6-month interval) were compared WITH interviews with the same simulated patients of oncology clinicians (N=56) who did not undergo training (T1 and T2 with a 6-month interval).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed (i) a high number (mean=16, SD=6) and variety of defenses triggered by the 15-min interviews, (ii) no evolution difference between groups, and (iii) an increase in mature defenses after CST for clinicians with an initial higher level of defensive functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study describing clinicians' defensive functioning; results indicate a possible mediating role of defenses in clinician-patient communication.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mathieu.Bernard@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: de Roten
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Despland
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stiefel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003142:Communication; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D000078329:Workforce