title: Maxillary molar distalization with the dual-force distalizer supported by mini-implants: a clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this prospective study was to describe the clinical effects of a bone-supported molar distalizing appliance, the dual-force distalizer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 16 patients (mean age, 14.3 years) with Class II molar relationships. Study models and lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the distalizing movement to record significant dental and skeletal changes (Wilcoxon test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average distalization time was 5 months, with a movement rate of 1.2 mm per month; the distalization amounts were 5.9 +/- 1.72 mm at the crown level and 4.4 +/- 1.41 mm at the furcation level. The average molar inclination was 5.6 degrees +/- 3.7 degrees ; this was less than the amount of inclination generated by bone-supported appliances that use single distalizing forces. The correlation between inclination and distalization was not significant, indicating predominantly bodily movement. The teeth anterior to the first molar moved distally also; the second premolars distalized an average of 4.26 mm, and the incisors retruded by 0.53 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dual-force distalizer is a valid alternative distalizing appliance that generates controlled molar distalization with a good rate of movement and no loss of anchorage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oberti
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ealo
authors.forename: John Camilo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants