title: Validation of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) to assess obstacles in living with type 2 diabetes in a Belgian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate the Dutch version of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) [H. Hearnshaw, K. Wright, J. Dale, J. Sturt, E. Vermeire, P. Van Royen, Development and validation of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) to assess obstacles in living with Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic Med. 24 (2007) 878-882] assessing people living with type 2 diabetes' obstacles to adhere to treatment recommendations. The goal is to have at one's disposal an instrument to identify obstacles to adhering to treatment recommendations for people living with type 2 diabetes in a Dutch speaking population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from a pragmatic sample of general practices in Flanders (Belgium). In accordance with the validation procedure in the UK [H. Hearnshaw, K. Wright, J. Dale, J. Sturt, E. Vermeire, P. Van Royen, Development and validation of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) to assess obstacles in living with Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic Med. 24 (2007) 878-882], responders also completed the Dutch version of a quality of life questionnaire (ADDQoL) [C. Bradley, C. Todd, T. Gorton, E. Symonds, A. Martin, R. Plowright, The development of an individualised questionnaire measure of perceived impact of diabetes on quality of life: the ADDQoL. Qual. Life Res. 8 (1999) 79-91] and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale as golden standard [G. Welch, A.M. Jacobson, W.H. Polowsky, The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. An evaluation of its utility. Diabetes Care 20 (1997) 760-766]. Some biomedical variables such as HbA1c were collected also.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each scale showed sufficient reliability with Cronbach's alpha (>0.76). Each subscale had a factor structure of no more than 4, and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.75. Criterion validity was shown by significant correlation with the PAID and construct validity by a correlation with HbA1c. Construct validity has also been shown by significant correlations between ADDQoL and the DOQ Obstacles of Lifestyle changes scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch version of the DOQ is a feasible and valid instrument for the assessment of obstacles to adherence to treatment recommendations in people living with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Interdisciplinary Care and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandekerckhove
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vermeire
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weeren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Royen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome