title: [X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks after angiographic examinations of different anatomic regions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in blood lymphocytes as markers of the biological radiation effects in angiography patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method is based on the phosphorylation of the histone variant H 2AX (gamma-H2AX) after formation of DSBs. Blood samples were collected before and up to 24 hours after exposure of 31 patients undergoing angiographies of different body regions. Blood lymphocytes were isolated, fixed, and stained with a specific gamma-H2AX antibody. Distinct foci representing DSBs were enumerated using fluorescence microscopy. Additional in-vitro experiments (10 - 100 mGy) were performed for evaluation of DBS repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 minutes after the end of fluoroscopy values between 0.01 and 1.50 DSBs per cell were obtained. The DNA damage level normalized to the dose area product was 0.099 (cardiac angiographies), 0.053 (abdominal angiographies), 0.023 (pelvic/leg angiographies) and 0.004 excess foci/cell/mGym (2) (cerebrovascular angiographies). A linear correlation was found between gamma-H2AX foci levels and the dose area product (abdomen: R (2) = 0.96; pelvis/legs: R 2 = 0.71). In-vivo on average 46 % of DSBs disappeared within 1 hour and 70 % within 2.5 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence microscopy is a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of X-ray-induced DSBs during angiography. The DNA damage level depends on the dose, the exposed anatomic region, and the duration/fractionation of the X-ray exposure.
authors.affiliation: Radiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen. michael.kuefner@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuefner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grudzenski
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lobrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014965:X-Rays; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004247:DNA