title: ITS-based detection and quantification of Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae in grapes and green coffee beans by real-time quantitative PCR.
abstract: Aspergillus ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae are considered the most important Ochratoxin A (OTA) producing species included in Aspergillus section Circumdati which contaminate foodstuffs and beverages for human consumption. In this work a real-time quantitative PCR protocol was developed to detect both species using SYBR Green and primers designed on the basis of the multicopy ITS1 region of the rDNA. The assay had high efficiency (94%) and showed no inhibition by host or fungal DNA other than the target species. The lower detection limit of the target DNA was 2.5 pg/reaction. Accuracy of detection and quantification by qPCR were tested with genomic DNA obtained from green coffee beans and grapes artificially contaminated with spore suspensions of known concentrations. Spore concentrations equal or higher than 10(6) spore/ml could be detected by the assay directly without prior incubation of the samples and a positive relationship was observed between incubation time and qPCR values. The assay developed would allow rapid, specific, accurate and sensitive detection and quantification of A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae to be directly used in a critical point of the food chain, before harvesting green coffee and grape berries, to predict and control fungal growth and OTA production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, E 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil-Serna
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Salgado
authors.forename: M A Teresa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González-Jaén
authors.forename: Covadonga
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patiño
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001235:Aspergillus ochraceus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D040503:Coffea / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009793:Ochratoxins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D009793:Ochratoxins