title: Cardiovascular disease parameters in periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, there has been an increasing in the impact of oral health on atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular risk markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with periodontitis and 40 healthy gender-, body mass index-, and age-matched individuals were compared by measuring total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, levels of cytokines, antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total and differential white blood cell counts, and the non-linear index of refraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein in periodontitis patients were significantly higher and lower, respectively (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0126), compared to controls. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and lipid peroxide levels were the same in both groups (P = 0.2943, P = 0.1284, and P = 0.067, respectively). Interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in periodontitis patients (P <0.05). The value of the non-linear index of refraction of low-density lipoprotein solutions was higher in the controls (P = 0.015) compared to individuals with periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirmed and further strengthened the suggested association between coronary artery disease and periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Maria A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jardini
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giampaoli
authors.forename: Elisete C Q
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Antônio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Figueiredo Neto
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gidlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000150:complications; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012031:Refractometry; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002784:Cholesterol