title: [Raynaud's phenomenon].
abstract: Raynaud's phenomenon is a frequent reason for seeking of medical attention, since it affects 3-5% of the population. It is characterized by sudden, transient and recurrent episodes of pallor and/or digital cyanosis, after exposure to cold or stressful situations. No known underlying illness is identified in over 80% of cases and consequently these cases are classified as primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Connective tissue diseases, particularly systemic sclerosis, are the main causes of the phenomenon. Once a complete clinical and physical evaluation rule out other causes, a nailfold capillaroscopy and antinuclear antibodies determination are the most useful adjunctive tests. Mild Raynaud's phenomenon can be managed almost exclusively with conservative non-pharmacological lifestyle modifications. However, if a patient develops a severe vascular condition a suitable vasodilator treatment is needed. When critical digital ischemia develops, intravenous treatment with prostaglandin analogues and surgery may be useful.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. ctolosa@tauli.cat
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tolosa Vilella
authors.forename: Carmen Pilar
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Simeón Aznar
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabarró Julià
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy