title: Genome sequence of the lager brewing yeast, an interspecies hybrid.
abstract: This work presents the genome sequencing of the lager brewing yeast (Saccharomyces pastorianus) Weihenstephan 34/70, a strain widely used in lager beer brewing. The 25 Mb genome comprises two nuclear sub-genomes originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus and one circular mitochondrial genome originating from S. bayanus. Thirty-six different types of chromosomes were found including eight chromosomes with translocations between the two sub-genomes, whose breakpoints are within the orthologous open reading frames. Several gene loci responsible for typical lager brewing yeast characteristics such as maltotriose uptake and sulfite production have been increased in number by chromosomal rearrangements. Despite an overall high degree of conservation of the synteny with S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus, the syntenies were not well conserved in the sub-telomeric regions that contain lager brewing yeast characteristic and specific genes. Deletion of larger chromosomal regions, a massive unilateral decrease of the ribosomal DNA cluster and bilateral truncations of over 60 genes reflect a post-hybridization evolution process. Truncations and deletions of less efficient maltose and maltotriose uptake genes may indicate the result of adaptation to brewing. The genome sequence of this interspecies hybrid yeast provides a new tool for better understanding of lager brewing yeast behavior in industrial beer production.
authors.affiliation: R&D Planning Division, Suntory Limited, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan. yoshihiro_nakao@suntory.co.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rainieri
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimonaga
authors.forename: Masahira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashikari
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D023061:Gene Order; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D015698:Genomic Library; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005656:Fungal Proteins