title: Solvent removal of beryllium from surfaces of equipment made of beryllium copper.
abstract: Exposure to beryllium compounds, both by inhalation and skin contact, may result in immune sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. The objective of the present research work was to study the feasibility of removing beryllium compounds from the surfaces of devices made of Be-Cu alloy and to estimate the frequency at which the surfaces had to be rubbed in order to evaluate the likelihood that beryllium can be removed from the surfaces by serial wipe sampling at concentrations exceeding the US Department of Energy (DOE) standard limit of 0.2 microg per 100 cm2. The standard limit was exceeded after successive cleanings of moulds and plates made of Be-Cu alloy with solvents such Citranox, an acidic solvent, Alconox, Z-99 and Fantastik, basic solvents, or more neutral solvents such as Luminox and water. Citranox was the best solvent for extracting beryllium from the tested surfaces, while Alconox seemed to be the second best one. In general, warm water, Luminox and Z-99 seemed to be less efficient for extracting Be from all equipment. The results of the present study suggest that Ghost Wipes, when passed across a surface under the firm pressure of an individual's hand, can be used to detect beryllium contamination. However, they seem to show low reliability for quantification. From a safety standpoint in occupational settings, workers should be offered skin protection and respiratory protection if they have to handle devices made of Be-Cu alloy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marguerite-d'Youville, 2375, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1A8, Canada. andre.dufresne@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufresne
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turcotte
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Golshahi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perrault
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dion
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001608:Beryllium / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000497:Alloys; D012997:Solvents; D003300:Copper; D001608:Beryllium