title: Apathy: a major symptom in CADASIL.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The frequency and impact of apathy in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) remain undetermined. The frequency, clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging correlates of apathy were assessed in a large cohort of patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, a genetic model of SIVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apathy was diagnosed based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessment. Degree of disability was assessed by modified Rankin scale, cognitive impairment by Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), autonomy by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, and quality of life by SEP-59 self-questionnaire. Validated imaging methods were used to determine the total burden of cerebral lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 132 patients, 54 (41%) were apathetic. Apathetic patients were older than nonapathetic subjects, had a lower MMSE and MDRS score, had more global disability, and were more limited in IADL. Apathetic patients were more frequently depressed compared to nonapathetic patients and more frequently presented additional neuropsychiatric symptoms. Multiple regression modeling showed a significant and independent association between apathy and a lower score of overall quality of life and between apathy and a higher load of white matter and lacunar lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that apathy is common in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), appears in association with cognitive impairment, global functional disability, and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms during the course of the disease, and can occur separately from depression. Apathy has an independent impact on the overall quality of life in CADASIL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CHU Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Godin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dufouil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benisty
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jouvent
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Czernecki
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bousser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D046589:CADASIL / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life