title: Overexpression of GmAKR1, a stress-induced aldo/keto reductase from soybean, retards nodule development.
abstract: Development of symbiotic root nodules in legumes involves the induction and repression of numerous genes in conjunction with changes in the level of phytohormones. We have isolated several genes that exhibit differential expression patterns during the development of soybean nodules. One of such genes, which were repressed in mature nodules, was identified as a putative aldo/keto reductase and thus named Glycine max aldo/keto reductase 1 (GmAKR1). GmAKR1 appears to be a close relative of a yeast aldo/keto reductase YakC whose in vivo substrate has not been identified yet. The expression of GmAKR1 in soybean showed a root-specific expression pattern and inducibility by a synthetic auxin analogue 2,4-D, which appeared to be corroborated by presence of the root-specific element and the stress-response element in the promoter region. In addition, constitutive overexpression of GmAKR1 in transgenic soybean hairy roots inhibited nodule development, which suggests that it plays a negative role in the regulation of nodule development. One of the Arabidopsis orthologues of GmAKR1 is the ARF-GAP domain 2 protein, which is a potential negative regulator of vesicle trafficking; therefore GmAKR1 may have a similar function in the roots and nodules of legume plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Ki-Hye
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sunghan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Myeong-Sok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Choong-Iii
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Cheon
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase