title: Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated and compared diets and physical activity levels of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), and we identified clinical risk factors for AGT.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was cross-sectional and observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study took place in a hospital's renal outpatient department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included adult RTRs with NGT and AGT.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were assessed regarding age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (3-day diet diary), and physical activity (PA) levels (total minutes/week, using the Physical Activity Statewide Questionnaire).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RTRs with AGT (n = 47) were significantly more obese (P = .04) and more centrally obese (P = .05) than RTRs with NGT (n = 35). The mean self-reported dietary macronutrient and energy intake was not significantly different between groups. However, the total amount of PA (median) was significantly lower in RTRs with AGT versus RTRs with NGT (255 [median, range 0 to 1940] versus 580 [median, 75 to 1095] minutes/week, respectively, P = .03), particularly in female RTRs (P = .007). After logistic regression analysis, total PA was identified as an independent predictor of AGT in all RTRs (beta = 0.940, R(2) = 0.090, P = .04). Percent body fat according to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was inversely associated with a high level of PA (>300 minutes/week) (beta = 0.906, R(2) = 0.211, P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher amount of PA is associated with a lower risk of AGT in RTRs (particularly in females). An emphasis on increasing PA should be encouraged for all RTRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. linda_orazio@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orazio
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Merrilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isbel
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio