title: Complications of percutaneously inserted central venous catheters in Japanese neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine institutional policies concerning percutaneously inserted central venous catheter (PICC) utilization and also frequencies of complications such as pericardial effusion (PCE), cardiac tamponade (CT), pleural effusion, ascites, venous thrombosis, and catheter removal difficulties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide postal questionnaire survey was carried out that included institutional policies on PICC and numbers of complications recorded from January 1999 to December 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 98 replies were received from 193 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Japan. As a catheter tip location, positions outside of the heart were highly preferred, while only 9% accepted a right atrial position. Twenty-eight cases of PCE or CT were reported, representing an estimated frequency of 0.07-0.11% of PICC insertions. Pleural effusion/ascites and removal difficulties (36 and 35 cases, respectively) were encountered in approximately 0.09-0.14% of insertions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency of PCE/CT appeared comparable to previously reported occurrences. Also, pleural effusion/ascites and removal difficulty appeared to be rare complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. yohki@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwashima
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morikawa
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology