title: Relationship between psychosocial adjustment and executive function in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in remission: the mediating and moderating effects of insight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between executive function and psychosocial adjustment, and the mediating and moderating effects of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in clinical remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  The level of psychosocial adjustment was assessed in 96 subjects with bipolar disorder and 96 subjects with schizophrenia who were in remitted state. The association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment and the mediating and moderating effects of insight were examined by multiple regression analysis models and the Goodman test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that executive function had direct effect on psychosocial adjustment in both subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, the mediating effect of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment was only found in subjects with schizophrenia, but not in subjects with bipolar disorder. No moderating effect of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment was found in subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that executive function has an important role in psychosocial adjustment in both patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Meanwhile, insight has a different role in the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment between patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chung-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chi-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Ju-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D055815:Young Adult