title: Online quality control, hyperfractionated radiotherapy alone and reduced boost volume for standard risk medulloblastoma: long-term results of MSFOP 98.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine event free and overall survival, and long-term cognitive sequelae of children with standard-risk medulloblastoma (SRM) treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy, conformal reduced boost volume without chemotherapy, and online quality assurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients (age 5 to 18 years) were included in the Medulloblastoma-Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (MSFOP 98) protocol (December 1998 to October 2001). Patients received hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT; 36 Gy, 1 Gy/fraction twice per day) to the craniospinal axis followed by a boost to the tumor bed (1.5-cm margin) to a dose of 68 Gy. Records of craniospinal irradiation were reviewed before treatment started. Neuropsychologic evaluations were done according to the protocol (1, 3, 5, and 7 years after irradiation). Cognitive outcomes were followed longitudinally with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) obtained with age-adapted Wechsler scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 77.7 months, 6-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates for the cohort were 78% (95% CI, 66% to 90%) and 75%, respectively (95% CI, 62% to 87%). Thanks to quality control, 14 major deviations were detected. Annual full scale IQ decline was 2 points over a 6-year period. Predicted change in FSIQ points per year was 2.15 (95% CI, -1.24 to 3.51) with an intercept (ie, predicted FSIQ) of 93.57 at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFRT protocol with conformal reduced boost and online quality control allows excellent long-term OS and EFS in the absence of chemotherapy. In addition, FSIQ drops seem to be less pronounced than previously reported with standard irradiation regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. carrie@lyon.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrie
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Figarella-Branger
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.forename: Jean Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Habrand
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benhassel
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mege
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahé
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quetin
authors.forename: Jean Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maire
authors.forename: Marie Helene
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clavere
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chapet
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maingon
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alapetite
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claude
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laprie
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dussart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011786:Quality Control; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis