title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) and expert testimony.
abstract: Medical experts frequently use imaging studies to illustrate points in their court testimony. This article reviews how these studies impact the credibility of expert testimony with judges and juries. The apparent "objective" evidence provided by such imaging studies can lend strong credence to a judge's or jury's appraisal of medical expert's testimony. However, as the court usually has no specialized scientific expertise, the use of complex images as part of courtroom testimony also has the potential to mislead or at least inappropriately bias the weight given to expert evidence. Recent advances in brain imaging may profoundly impact forensic expert testimony. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and other physiologic imaging techniques currently allow visualization of the activation pattern of brain regions associated with a wide variety of cognitive and behavioral tasks, and more recently, pain. While functional imaging technology has a valuable role in brain research and clinical investigation, it is important to emphasize that the use of imaging studies in forensic matters requires a careful scientific foundation and a rigorous legal assessment.
authors.affiliation: The Craniofacial Pain and Headache Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rkulich@partners.org
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulich
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maciewicz
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Scrivani
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging