title: Prevention of Salmonella Typhimurium colonization and organ invasion by combination treatment in broiler chicks.
abstract: The effects in broiler chicks of treatment with a competitive exclusion (CE) product, an experimental dietary probiotic, and the abiotic beta-glucan on cecal colonization, organ invasion, and serum and intestinal IgG and IgA levels to Salmonella challenge was evaluated. Four groups of 1-d-old chicks were treated by oral gavage on d 1 with an appropriate dose of a commercial CE product. Three groups received daily doses of probiotic, beta-glucan, or both, for 6 d. Three other groups were fed daily from d 1 onwards with probiotic, beta-glucan, or both. Subgroups of 30 chicks from each group were challenged on d 1, 9, 16, or 23 with 10(7) cfu/ mL of Salmonella Typhimurium (1769NR) and killed 7 d later. Control groups were maintained untreated and remained unchallenged (negative control), or were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (1769NR; positive control), as described above. Cecum, liver, and spleen samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella, whereas serum and intestinal fluid samples were assayed for total antibody (IgG and IgA) concentrations. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. In comparison with other treatments, those involving CE product and beta-glucan, with or without probiotic during the first week, resulted in a superior inhibition of cecal colonization and organ invasion by Salmonella and also offered a higher level of protection (P < 0.05). During the second week, treatments containing experimental dietary probiotic and beta-glucan, with or without CE product, resulted in an inhibition of liver invasion (P < 0.05). The IgA levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in intestinal fluid compared with serum, whereas IgG had low levels. The results in the first and third week indicate that combination treatments involving CE product, probiotic, and beta-glucan are a more effective control of Salmonella colonization than the corresponding individual preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Revolledo
authors.forename: C S A
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A J P
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007778:Lactobacillus; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D047071:beta-Glucans