title: Universal tree structures in directed polymers and models of evolving populations.
abstract: By measuring or calculating coalescence times for several models of coalescence or evolution, with and without selection, we show that the ratios of these coalescence times become universal in the large size limit and we identify a few universality classes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Eric.Brunet@lps.ens.fr
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Derrida
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon