title: [A multi-frequency large amplitude pulse sensor system to monitor the growth of food-borne pathogens].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored whether a smart electronic tongue as a rapid technique, combining with specifically statistics analyze system, could monitor the growth of the three food-borne pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The smart electronic tongue, multi-frequency large amplitude pulse was based on voltammetry. We used it to detect the comprehensive information about a sample and the change process of the medium in 16 periods of time. We analyzed the complex data information in statistics with principal component analysis. According to principal component scores plot, we analyzed the sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of Staphylococcus aureus in liquid medium could be monitored by tungsten electrode in 100 Hz frequency segment of multi-frequency large amplitude pulse voltammetry, platinum electrode in 1 Hz, and both silver electrode and titanium electrode in 10 Hz. The growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 could be measured by gold electrode in 100 Hz frequency segment, while platinum electrode in 1Hz, titanium electrode in 1Hz and tungsten electrode in 100 Hz. Then, palladium electrode was efficient to Bacillus subtilis in 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We used the multi-frequency large amplitude pulse sensor system combining with principal component analysis for the first time. It has a promising future as a modern rapid analytical technology for detecting the growth of microbe.
authors.affiliation: College Food Science and Biotechnology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310035, China. zhaogy-user@163.com
authors.forename: Guangying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001686:Biological Phenomena; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism*