title: Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: identification of risk factors using an anesthesia information management system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for developing hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section to prevent obstetric patients from hypotensive episodes potentially resulting in intrauterine malperfusion and endangering the child.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from 503 women, having received spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections were investigated using online gathered vital signs and specially checked manual entries employing an anesthesia information management system. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured throughout and hypotension was defined as either a drop in mean arterial blood pressure of >20% from baseline value or readings of <90 mmHg systolic arterial blood pressure. Thirty-two variables were studied for association with hypotensive episodes using univariate analysis and logistic regression employing a forward stepwise algorithm to identify independent variables (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypotension was found in 284 cases (56.5%). The univariate analysis identified the neonate's weight, mother's age, body mass index, and peak sensory block height associated with hypotension. Body mass index, age and sensory block height were detected as independent factors for hypotension (odds-ratio: 1.61 each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of these risk factors should increase the anesthesiologist's attention to decide for the necessity to employ prophylactic or therapeutic techniques or drugs to prevent the neonate from any risk resulting of hypotension of the mother.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Therapy, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brenck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obaid
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brüggmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Röhrig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008331:Management Information Systems; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult