title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin resistance is recognized as the pathophysiological hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A relation between insulin sensitivity and left ventricular morphology and function has been reported in essential hypertension, where a high prevalence of NAFLD has been recently found. We investigated the inter-relationship between left ventricular morphology/function, metabolic parameters and NAFLD in 86 never-treated essential hypertensive patients subdivided in two subgroups according to the presence (n = 48) or absence (n = 38) of NAFLD at ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar as to sex, age and blood pressure levels. No patient had diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, or other risk factors for liver disease. Body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher and adiponectin levels were lower in patients with NAFLD than in patients without NAFLD, and were associated with NAFLD at univariate analysis. Patients with NAFLD had similar prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy compared to patients without NAFLD, but a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (62.5 vs 21.1%, P < 0.001), as defined by E/A ratio <1 and E-wave deceleration time >220 ms. Diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.040) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.012) remained independently associated with NAFLD at backward multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with insulin resistance and abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic function in a cohort of patients with essential hypertension, suggesting a concomitant increase of metabolic and cardiac risk in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy. francesco.fallo@unipd.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fallo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalla Pozza
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lupia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tona
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Federspil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ermani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soardo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Piazza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pinamonti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sechi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*