title: Cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil: Effect on endothelial differentiation via cell cycle inhibition in mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to characteristics for pluripotency and self-renewal, but the precise mechanisms of ES-derived cells to specific toxicants have not been determined. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and see its effect on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation in mouse ESC-derived endothelial differentiation. Mouse ESCs were exposed to 5-FU (10 microM) and combined with probucol (50 microM) for 24h, which is an antagonist of 5-FU. Changes in gene expression as a result of 5-FU exposure in mouse ESC-derived endothelial precursor cells (ES-EPCs) were assessed using an oligonucleotide microarray (AB1700). The expression of Oct-4 was decreased during the differentiation of mouse ESCs into endothelial cells; otherwise, the expression of PECAM was increased. Mouse ES-EPCs were shown to have a decrease in viability (49.8%) and PECAM expression, and induce G1/S phase (31.1%/60.6%) when compared with/without treatment of 5-FU. Expression of cell cycle-related proteins was increased in endothelial precursor cells exposed to 5-FU without probucol treatment. From theses results suggest that 5-FU inhibit endothelial differentiation as well as inducing the G1/S phase arrest. We propose that mouse ES-EPCs might be a useful tool for screening the cytotoxicity of compounds in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Dae
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gyu-Seek
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kew-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chee
authors.forename: Gi Jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D051379:Mice; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D005472:Fluorouracil