title: In vivo visualization of nitric oxide and interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium following hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined changes in nitric oxide (NO) distribution in the mesenteric microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (H/R), and correlated NO production to leukocyte and platelet behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The behavior of leukocytes and platelets in mesenteric venules was observed by intravital microscopy at 0.5 and 24 h after H/R in male Wistar rats. Transvascular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin was assessed by epi-illumination. The NO-sensitive dye, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate, was used for imaging NO release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H/R significantly increased vascular albumin leakage and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets (P < 0.05). In H/R 0.5 h rats, NO production in the venular endothelium declined. However, NO production was elevated in H/R 24 h rats in mast cells (P < 0.05). Leukocyte adherence, platelet adherence, and venular permeability were attenuated by iNOS inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesenteric endothelial cell dysfunction after H/R 0.5 h is associated with reduced NO, whereas after H/R 24 h is related to increase NO in mast cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
authors.forename: Tomihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyomura
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000473:pathology*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide