title: Loss of Cbl-b increases osteoclast bone-resorbing activity and induces osteopenia.
abstract: Cbl proteins are multifunctional adaptor molecules that modulate cellular activity by targeting the ubiquitylating system, endocytic complexes, and other effectors to a wide variety of regulatory proteins, especially activated receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Cbl and Cbl-b perform unique functions in various cells, in addition to redundant functions that are required for embryonic development. We previously showed that eliminating Cbl impaired osteoclast motility, which modestly delayed embryonic bone development. We now report that Cbl-b(-/-) mice are osteopenic, because of increased bone resorption with little compensating increase in bone formation. In vitro bone-resorbing activity and differentiation of osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) were increased, as were some RANKL-induced signaling events (activation of NF-kappaB and the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] and p38), suggesting that specific RANKL-activated mechanisms contribute to the increased rate of differentiation and bone-resorbing activity. Re-expressing Cbl-b in Cbl-b(-/-) OCLs normalized the increased bone-resorbing activity and overexpressing Cbl-b in wildtype OCLs inhibited bone resorption. Cbl was without effect in either wildtype or Cbl-b(-/-) OCLs. Functional tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) and RING finger domains were required for the rescue by Cbl-b. Thus, both Cbl and Cbl-b perform regulatory functions in osteoclasts that are unique to one or the other protein (i.e., functions that cannot be compensated by the other homolog). One of Cbl-b's unique functions in osteoclasts is to downregulate bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanjay
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiusaroli
authors.forename: Naga Suresh
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adapala
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Itzsteink
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C118387:Cblb protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases