title: Inhibition of anti-IgE mediated human mast cell activation by NO donors is dependent on their NO release kinetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the mast cell is a source of nitric oxide (NO), the effect of NO on human mast cells has not been defined. This study investigated if exogenous NO could affect human mast cell activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of different NO donors on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent activation of human-cultured mast cells (HCMC) derived from precursors in buffy coat were investigated by measuring histamine release. Intracellular NO in HCMC was monitored with confocal microscopy using the fluorescent NO indicator 4-amino-5-methylamino-2', 7'-difluorofluorescein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diethylamine NONOate (DEA/NO) and MAHMA NONOate (NOC-9), both have rapid NO release rates, only inhibited anti-IgE-induced histamine release when added to HCMC at the time of activation. NO donors with slower NO release kinetics were ineffective even after 30 min incubation. Confocal microscopy revealed that the effectiveness of NO donors was dependent on the availability of adequate NO inside HCMC during activation. The inhibitory action of DEA/NO was diminished by the NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl but potentiated by the anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, co-incubation with NAC allowed previously ineffective NO donors to suppress HCMC activation and thus suggested that NAC could increase the availability of NO from NO donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that NO was able to modulate human mast cell activation but only when enough NO was present at the time of cell activation. Our findings explain the controversy over the effectiveness of NO on mast cell degranulation and supports the possibility that NO donors could be beneficial for treating allergic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H Y A
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000906:Antibodies; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C105785:1-hexanamine-6-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazine)-N-methyl; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000906:Antibodies; D000975:Antioxidants; D001565:Benzoates; D006834:Hydrazines; D007093:Imidazoles; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C079393:1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; C084012:1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000111:Acetylcysteine