title: Reducing gastric secretions--a role for histamine 2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors in malignant bowel obstruction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inoperable bowel obstructions are not uncommon in advanced cancer and are associated with a very poor prognosis. Symptom control includes reducing the frequency of vomiting by prescription of antisecretory medications. The most commonly used agents for this are either hyoscine butylbromide or octreotide. Either histamine 2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors are sometimes recommended as adjuvants to reduce gastric secretions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of histamine 2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors and to objectively compare the effects of one agent over another.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously, electronic databases were searched for trials that compared ranitidine versus proton pump inhibitors in their effect on volume of gastric aspirates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven trials were included in a meta-analysis. Pooled outcomes suggest that both proton pump inhibitors and ranitidine reduce gastric volumes, but the most superior agent is ranitidine, which reduces the volume of gastric secretions by an average of 0.22 ml.kg(-1); 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.41.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on well-conducted studies, objective evidence exists that confirms ranitidine will decrease the volume of gastric aspirates. This forms a sound basis from which to develop further research aimed at improving the care of people with malignant bowel obstructions.
authors.affiliation: Cunningham Centre for Palliative Care, Sacred Heart Palliative Care Services, Darlinghurst Rd, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. kclark3@nd.edu.au
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Currow
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011899:Ranitidine