title: Bone repair and augmentation using block of sintered bovine-derived anorganic bone graft in cranial bone defect model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To histomorphometrically investigate the repair of critical size defects (CSDs) and bone augmentation in cranial walls using block of sintered bovine-derived anorganic bone (sBDAB) graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty guinea-pigs were divided into test (n=20) and CSD control (n=20) groups. In each animal, a full-thickness bone defect with 9.5 mm diameter was made in the frontal bone. The defects were filled with an sBDAB block soaked in blood in the test group and with blood clot in the CSD control group. The skulls were collected at 0 h (n=2) and 30, 90 and 180 days (n=6/group and period) postoperatively. The volume density and total volume of newly formed bone, sBDAB, blood vessels and connective tissue, vertical thickness of removed bone plug, sBDAB block and graft area were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vertical thickness of the adapted sBDAB block was 3.8 times higher than that of the removed bone plug and did not show significant difference between periods, filling in average 29.8% of the total graft region. The sBDAB block exhibited complete osseointegration with the borders of the defect at 90 days. At 90 and 180 days, the vertical thickness of the graft was 279% in the average, and the total volume of bone augmentation was, respectively, 78.8% and 148.5% higher compared with the removed bone plug. The defects of the CDS control group showed limited osteogenesis and filling by connective tissue plus tegument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sBDAB block can be used to promote repair of CSDs and bone augmentation in the craniomaxillofacial region, due to its good osteoconductive and slow resorptive properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. cestari@fob.usp.br
authors.forename: Tania Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: José Mauro
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
authors.forename: Gerson Francisco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.forename: Gustavo Pompermaier
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
authors.forename: Rumio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taga
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017886:Durapatite