title: Risk factors for arterial ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in childhood.
abstract: This study assessed potential etiologies of arterial ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke among children of Mainland China. From January 1996-June 2006, 251 patients with consecutive childhood stroke (aged 1 month through 16 years) were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital. Arterial ischemic stroke accounted for the majority of cases (62.5%). Idiopathic stroke (32.5%) was more common than cardiac stroke (8.9%), vascular or arteriopathic stroke (21.0%), hematologic disorder-associated stroke (10.8%), and other etiologies (26.8%). Vitamin K deficiency was a major etiology in 72 of 94 hemorrhagic strokes (76.6%), most of which occurred in breastfeeding infants (80.6%) and those who received no vitamin K after birth (73.6%). Arteriovenous malformation (6.4%) was a frequent etiology in the remaining hemorrhagic stroke cases. We found that ischemic stroke in children is more common than hemorrhagic stroke, and many cases of ischemic stroke are idiopathic. Vitamin K deficiency was a major etiology in these young infants who experienced hemorrhagic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jiu-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Qiong
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Opher
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology