Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, particularly in parts of the developing world, and is increasing in incidence. This article reviews the current modalities employed for the diagnosis of HCC, including serum markers, radiological techniques and histological evaluation, and summarises international guidelines for the diagnostic approach to HCC.
Gomaa
Asmaa I
AI
Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
Khan
Shahid A
SA
Leen
Edward L S
EL
Waked
Imam
I
Taylor-Robinson
Simon D
SD
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase / Q000097:blood
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C410824:GOLM1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D011516:Prothrombin; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase