title: Retro-nasal aroma release depends on both subject and product differences: a link to food intake regulation?
abstract: It is hypothesized that differences in the extent of retro-nasal aroma release during consumption may be 1 of the reasons that people vary in their satiation characteristics. Using real-time atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APcI-MS), in vivo retro-nasal aroma release was determined for 30 subjects consuming 9 different food products, varying in physical structure (i.e., [semi]liquid and solid food products). Additionally, for a subset of the subjects ad libitum food intake was measured. Retro-nasal aroma release intensity and profile morphology appeared to be subject specific and relatively independent of the type of food product subjects consumed. A subject who was observed as having a relatively high retro-nasal aroma release intensity for a (semi)liquid food product also appeared to have a relatively high retro-nasal aroma release intensity for a solid food product. However, for all subjects, there were absolute differences between food products in the extent of retro-nasal aroma release comparing (semi)liquid and solid food products. This implies that the extent of retro-nasal aroma release is a valid physiological feature that characterizes any individual. Interestingly, a negative trend was observed between extent of retro-nasal aroma release and amount of ad libitum food intake (P = 0.07). This may have implications for the regulation of food intake.
authors.affiliation: NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands. rianne.ruijschop@nizo.nl
authors.forename: Rianne M A J
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruijschop
authors.forename: Maurits J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burgering
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Alexandra E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Boelrijk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012527:Satiation; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*