title: Cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of severe internal carotid artery stenosis may be associated with different cognitive performance in relation to the side of the stenosis and its hemodynamic consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three patients with asymptomatic severe unilateral internal carotid stenosis were included. A neuropsychological investigation including Verbal Fluency using phonemic and category access, Coloured Progressive Matrices, and Complex Figure Test Copy was performed. Each patient underwent an assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography using the breath-holding index (BHI). Thirty healthy subjects comparable for demographic characteristics and vascular risk profile served as controls. Subjects with carotid stenosis were classified into two groups: preserved CVR (BHI > or =0.69), 48 patients (25 with left and 23 with right stenosis); and impaired CVR (BHI <0.69), 35 patients (19 with left and 16 with right stenosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with left stenosis and reduced CVR had significantly lower performances at phonemic verbal fluency with respect to controls and the other groups of stenosis. In subjects with right stenosis and reduced CVR, scores obtained in Coloured Progressive Matrices and in Complex Figure Test Copy were significantly lower with respect to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that an alteration of cerebrovascular reactivity may be responsible for reduction in some cognitive abilities involving the function of the hemisphere ipsilateral to carotid stenosis. Such findings may be of interest for providing a more comprehensive indication to surgical treatment in subgroups of subjects with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Conca 1, 60020 Ancona, Italy. m.silvestrini@univpm.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvestrini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vernieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baruffaldi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cagnetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Provinciali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartolini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial