title: Age-related differences in reliance behavior attributable to costs within a human-decision aid system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An empirical investigation was done to determine if there are age-related differences attributable to costs in reliance on a decision aid.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Costs of reliance on a decision aid may affect reliance on the aid. Older and younger adults may not perceive and respond to a dynamic cost structure equally or objectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen older adults (65-74 years) and 16 younger adults (18-28 years) performed a counting task with an imperfect decision aid. Two types of costs were manipulated: (a) cost of error (CoE) and (b) cost of verification (CoV). The percentage of trials in which participants agreed with the decision aid and did not perform the task manually was recorded as reliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants decreased their reliance as the CoE increased and increased their reliance with a lower CoV; however, they tended to underrely on the decision aid. Younger adults tended to change their reliance behavior more than older adults did with the changing cost structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older and younger adults appear to interpret costs differently, with older adults being less responsive to changes in costs. Older adults may have been less able to monitor the changing costs and hence not adapt to them as well as younger adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Designers of decision aids should consider explicitly stating costs associated with reliance on the aid, as individuals may differ in how they interpret and respond to changing costs.
authors.affiliation: School of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 247 4th St., Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA. neta.ezer@gatech.edu
authors.forename: Neta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ezer
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans