title: Impact of laryngeal mask airway cuff pressures on the incidence of sore throat in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperinflation of laryngeal mask airway cuffs can cause harm to the upper airway mainly by exerting high pressures on pharyngeal and laryngeal structures thus impairing mucosal perfusion. Although cuff manometers can be used to guide the monitoring of cuff pressures, their use is not routine in many institutions. In a prospective audit, we assessed the incidence of sore throat following day-case-surgery in relation to the intracuff pressure within the laryngeal mask airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred children (3-21 years) were consecutively included in this study. The laryngeal mask airway was inflated as deemed necessary by the attending anesthetist. Cuff pressures were measured using a calibrated cuff manometer (Portex Limited, Hythe, Kent, UK, 0-120 cm H2O, pressures exceeding the measurement range were set at 140 cm H2O for statistical purposes) at induction of anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five children (11.25%) developed sore throat, 32 (8%) sore neck and 17 (4.25%) sore jaw. Of those that developed sore throat, 56.5% had cuff pressures exceeding >100 cm H2O. In contrast, when cuff pressures were <40 cm H2O, there were no episodes of sore throat, whilst there was only a 4.6% occurrence of sore throat if cuff pressures were between 40-60 cm H2O.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that intra cuff pressure in laryngeal mask airways is closely related to the development of sore throat with higher pressures increasing its likelihood. Hence, cuff pressures should be measured routinely using a manometer to minimize the incidence of sore throat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin Gin Leong
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Mairead
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heaney
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Thomas O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Britta S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: von Ungern-Sternberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult