title: Legume-, fish-, or high-protein-based hypocaloric diets: effects on weight loss and mitochondrial oxidation in obese men.
abstract: The nutritional composition of dietary intake could produce specific effects on metabolic variables such as mitochondrial oxidation, whose understanding could contribute to apply more individualized weight-lowering strategies. This study assessed the effects of four hypocaloric diets with high protein content or different food distribution on metabolic changes and mitochondrial oxidation accompanying weight loss. Thirty-five obese men (body mass index of 31.8 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2) and 38 +/- 7 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (8 weeks): control diet (C-diet); legume diet (L-diet); fatty fish diet (FF-diet); or high-protein diet (HP-diet). Body composition, blood pressure, resting energy expenditure, mitochondrial oxidation, blood biomarkers, and dietary intake were assessed. The HP-diet and L-diet achieved the greater body weight reduction (-8.4 +/- 1.2% and -8.3 +/- 2.9%, respectively), as compared to the C-diet (-5.5 +/- 2.5%; P = .042). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced in all dietary groups except for the FF-diet. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly improved by the L-diet (P < .05), while the homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance value was significantly reduced in those men following the HP-diet. Mitochondrial oxidation was specifically activated by the HP-diet and L-diet at the end of the study. Interestingly, a lineal regression model explained about 25% (P = .029) of the mitochondrial oxidation variability as influenced by the diet changes once adjusted by resting energy expenditure. The specific consumption of legumes or high protein content within a hypocaloric diet could activate mitochondrial oxidation, which could involve additional benefits to those associated with the weight reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007887:Fabaceae; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017747:Seafood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol