title: Alcohol consumption and decreased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: role of mTOR dysfunction.
abstract: Several epidemiologic studies support the emerging paradigm that current alcohol consumers have decreased risk of most types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The observed lower risk among people who drank alcohol does not seem to vary with beverage type. The mechanisms accounting for alcohol-induced decrease in the incidence of lymphomas remain largely unknown. We demonstrate that low-dose chronic exposure to ethanol inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 complex formation, resulting in decreased phosphorylation events involved in mTOR pathway signaling in a lymphoid-tissue specific manner. These changes in mTOR signaling lead to a decrease in eIF4E associated with the translation initiation complex and a repression of global cap-dependent synthesis in both lymphoma cell lines and normal donor lymphocytes. We show that chronic exposure of ethanol at physiologically relevant concentrations in a xenograft model results in a striking inhibition of lymphoma growth. Our data support a paradigm in which chronic ethanol exposure inhibits mTOR signaling in lymphocytes with a significant repression of cap-dependent translation, reducing the tumorigenic capacity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a human xenograft model. The ethanol-mediated repression of mTOR signaling coupled with decreased in vivo lymphoma growth underscore the critical role of mTOR signaling and translation in lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hagner
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazan-Mamczarz
authors.forename: Bojie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corl
authors.forename: X Frank
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gartenhaus
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000209:etiology*; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6 / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C499527:Eif4ebp1 protein, mouse; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; D014157:Transcription Factors; C448579:ribosomal protein S6, mouse; D000431:Ethanol; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases