title: Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes as modulators of Hodgkin disease risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the pathogenesis of Hodgkin disease (HD) remains unknown, the results of epidemiologic studies suggest that heritable factors are important in terms of susceptibility. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may contribute to individual susceptibility for development of different cancers. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have investigated the role of such polymorphisms as risk factors for development of HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated the relation between polymorphisms in 3 nucleotide excision repair pathway genes (XPD [Lys751Gln], XPC [Lys939Gln], and XPG [Asp1104His]), the base excision repair XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and double-strand break repair XRCC3 (Thr241Met) in a population of 200 HD cases and 220 matched controls. Variants were investigated independently and in combination; odd ratios (OR) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive association was found for XRCC1 gene polymorphism Arg399Gln (OR, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16-2.71) and risk of HD. The combined analysis demonstrated that XRCC1/XRCC3 and XRCC1/XPC polymorphisms were associated with a significant increase in HD risk. XRCC1 Arg/Arg and XRCC3 Thr/Met genotypes combined were associated with an OR of 2.38 (95% CI, 1.24-4.55). The XRCC1 Arg/Gln and XRCC3 Thr/Thr, Thr/Met, and Met/Met genotypes had ORs of 1.88 (95% CI, 1.02-4.10), 1.97 (95% CI, 1.05-3.73), and 4.13 (95% CI, 1.50-11.33), respectively. XRCC1 Gln/Gln and XRCC3 Thr/Thr variant led to a significant increase in risk, with ORs of 3.00 (95% CI, 1.15-7.80). Similarly, XRCC1 Arg/Gln together with XPC Lys/Lys was found to significantly increase the risk of HD (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.09-4.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may modify the risk of HD, especially when interactions between the pathways are considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-1439, USA. relzein@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Randa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Zein
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Etzel
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Sara S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Strom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5; C110901:X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; C086984:XPC protein, human; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human