title: Imaging findings in 512 children following all-terrain vehicle injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries related to all-terrain vehicle (ATV) use by children have increased in recent years, and the pattern of these injuries is not well known among radiologists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to identify different radiologically diagnosed injuries in children suffering ATV-related trauma and determine associations among various injuries as well as between injuries and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 512 consecutive children suffering from ATV injuries treated at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. All imaging studies were reviewed and correlated with injury frequency and outcome using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Head injuries occurred in 244 children (48%) and in five of six deaths. Calvarial skull fractures occurred in 104 children and were associated with brain, subdural and epidural injuries. Brain and orbit injuries were associated with long-term disability. A total of 227 extremity fractures were present in 172 children (34%). The femur was the most commonly fractured bone. Nine children had partial foot amputations. Multiorgan injuries occurred in nearly half of the 97 children with torso injuries. Determinants for long-term disability or death were head injuries (odds ratio 3.4) and extremity fractures (odds ratio 3.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Head and extremity injuries are the two most common injuries in children suffering ATV injuries and are associated with long-term disability. ATV use by children is dangerous and is a significant threat to child safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA. shahchetanc@uams.edu
authors.forename: Chetan C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Raghu H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnaiah
authors.forename: Sadaf T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bhutta
authors.forename: Donna N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Parnell-Beasley
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001131:Arkansas / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*