title: Development and psychometric properties of the Patient-Head Injury Participation Scale (P-HIPS) and the Patient-Head Injury Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (P-HINAS): patient and family determined outcomes scales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a measure to assess post-acute outcome following from traumatic brain injury (TBI) with particular emphasis on the emotional and the behavioral outcome. The second objective was to assess the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and factor structure of the newly developed patient version of the Head Injury Participation Scale (P-HIPS) and Patient-Head Injury Neurobehavioral Scale (P-HINAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two TBI individuals and 27 carers took part in in-depth qualitative interviews exploring the consequences of the TBI. Interview transcripts were analyzed and key themes and concepts were used to construct the 49-item P-HIPS. A postal survey was then conducted on a cohort of 113 TBI patients to 'field test' the P-HIPS and the P-HINAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All individual 49 items of the P-HIPS and their total score showed good test-retest reliability (0.93) and internal consistency (0.95). The P-HIPS showed a very good correlations with the Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-3 (MPAI-3) (0.87) and a moderate negative correlation with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) (-0.51). Factor analysis extracted the following domains: 'Emotion/Behavior,' 'Independence/Community Living,' 'Cognition' and 'Physical'. The 'Emotion/Behavior' factor constituted the P-HINAS, which showed good internal consistency (0.93), test-retest reliability (0.91) and concurrent validity with MPAI subscale (0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the P-HIPS and the P-HINAS show strong psychometric properties. The qualitative methodology employed in the construction stage of the questionnaires provided good evidence of face and content validity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. s.deb@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Shoumitro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haque