title: The prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation is improved when sinus rhythm is restored: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation (SCAF).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials have indicated that an active rhythm control strategy aiming at restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is no better than a rate-control strategy in terms of mortality and morbidity. To what extent restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm per se affect long-term prognosis in AF patients is less clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if there are differences in mortality and morbidity between direct current (DC)-cardioverted AF patients who remain in sinus rhythm after cardioversion and those who relapse early.
  
  
  METHODS
  361 cardioverted patients from the Stockholm Cohort Study on Atrial Fibrillation were studied by means of medical records and national registers. Patients were followed for a mean of 4.2 years from DC cardioversion regarding all-cause mortality and for a mean of 3.2 years for a composite endpoint of death, ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction or hospitalisation for heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All-cause mortality tended to be lower in patients who had been successfully cardioverted and had had no known relapse of AF within the first 3 months after cardioversion (hazard ratio (HR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.06, p = 0.076). They also had a significantly lower incidence of the composite endpoint than those who relapsed early (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.82, p = 0.0058).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restoration and 3 months maintenance of sinus rhythm was associated with improved long-term prognosis. The results imply that an active DC cardioversion approach is justified.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute at South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. leif.friberg@stockholm.bonet.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome