title: Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) when added to metformin and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 26-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial randomized 533 subjects (1:1:1) to once-daily liraglutide (1.2 or 1.8 mg) or liraglutide placebo in combination with metformin (1 g twice daily) and rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily). Subjects had type 2 diabetes, A1C 7-11% (previous oral antidiabetes drug [OAD] monotherapy >or=3 months) or 7-10% (previous OAD combination therapy >or=3 months), and BMI <or=45 kg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean A1C values decreased significantly more in the liraglutide groups versus placebo (mean +/- SE -1.5 +/- 0.1% for both 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide and -0.5 +/- 0.1% for placebo). Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 40, 44, and 8 mg/dl for 1.2 and 1.8 mg and placebo, respectively, and 90-min postprandial glucose decreased by 47, 49, and 14 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001 for all liraglutide groups vs. placebo). Dose-dependent weight loss occurred with 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide (1.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.0 +/- 0.3 kg, respectively) (P < 0.0001) compared with weight gain with placebo (0.6 +/- 0.3 kg). Systolic blood pressure decreased by 6.7, 5.6, and 1.1 mmHg with 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide and placebo, respectively. Significant increases in C-peptide and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function and significant decreases in the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio occurred with liraglutide versus placebo. Minor hypoglycemia occurred more frequently with liraglutide, but there was no major hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with liraglutide, but most occurred early and were transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liraglutide combined with metformin and a thiazolidinedione is a well-tolerated combination therapy for type 2 diabetes, providing significant improvements in glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, zinman@lunenfeld.ca
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zinman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerich
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Sherwyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zdravkovic
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blonde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005215:Fasting; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012449:Safety; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008687:Metformin; D010919:Placebos; D045162:Thiazolidinediones