title: Human TRIM gene expression in response to interferons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute a family of proteins that share a conserved tripartite architecture. The recent discovery of the anti-HIV activity of TRIM5alpha in primate cells has stimulated much interest in the potential role of TRIM proteins in antiviral activities and innate immunity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To test if TRIM genes are up-regulated during antiviral immune responses, we performed a systematic analysis of TRIM gene expression in human primary lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in response to interferons (IFNs, type I and II) or following FcgammaR-mediated activation of macrophages. We found that 27 of the 72 human TRIM genes are sensitive to IFN. Our analysis identifies 9 additional TRIM genes that are up-regulated by IFNs, among which only 3 have previously been found to display an antiviral activity. Also, we found 2 TRIM proteins, TRIM9 and 54, to be specifically up-regulated in FcgammaR-activated macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results present the first comprehensive TRIM gene expression analysis in primary human immune cells, and suggest the involvement of additional TRIM proteins in regulating host antiviral activities.
authors.affiliation: Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carthagena
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Pradeep D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Uchil
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Margottin-Goguet
authors.forename: Walther
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mothes
authors.forename: Uriel
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hazan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Transy
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pancino
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nisole
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C114030:TRAT1 protein, human; D007372:Interferons