title: Quantification of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cytokine expression in response to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine.
abstract: This study describes the quantification of cytokine expression of vaccinated water buffaloes with FMD inactivated vaccine. Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. These findings suggest that within the immune system of water buffalo there is a dynamic cell-mediated and humoral interaction in response to immunogen. This assessment of the cytokine expressions is vital for the study of water buffalo disease progression and concurring protective immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Claro N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Mingala
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konnai
authors.forename: Fe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Venturina
authors.forename: Misao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12