title: Quantitative mapping of a digenic behavioral trait implicates globin variation in C. elegans sensory behaviors.
abstract: Most heritable behavioral traits have a complex genetic basis, but few multigenic traits are understood at a molecular level. Here we show that the C. elegans strains N2 and CB4856 have opposite behavioral responses to simultaneous changes in environmental O(2) and CO(2). We identify two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect this trait and map each QTL to a single-gene polymorphism. One gene, npr-1, encodes a previously described neuropeptide receptor whose high activity in N2 promotes CO(2) avoidance. The second gene, glb-5, encodes a neuronal globin domain protein whose high activity in CB4856 modifies behavioral responses to O(2) and combined O(2)/CO(2) stimuli. glb-5 acts in O(2)-sensing neurons to increase O(2)-evoked calcium signals, implicating globins in sensory signaling. An analysis of wild C. elegans strains indicates that the N2 alleles of npr-1 and glb-5 arose recently in the same strain background, possibly as an adaptation to laboratory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Matthew V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rockman
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Heeun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Evan Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Macosko
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kruglyak
authors.forename: Cornelia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bargmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D017476:Receptors, Neuropeptide Y / Q000235:genetics; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C468272:NPR-1 protein, C elegans; D017476:Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium