title: Human benign prostatic hyperplasia stromal cells as inducers and targets of chronic immuno-mediated inflammation.
abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a highly prevalent prostatic condition, could involve an inflammatory component in disease pathogenesis. In this study, we show that human stromal prostate cells obtained from BPH tissue can actively contribute to the inflammatory process by secreting proinflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines able to recruit lymphomonuclear cells and by acting as APCs. BPH cells express all of the TLRs and their ligation leads to the secretion of CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL10, and IL-6. In addition, BPH cells express costimulatory as well as class I and class II MHC molecules, which activate alloreactive CD4(+) cells that in turn markedly up-regulate IL-12/IL-23p40 and IL-12p75 secretion by BPH cells. Alloreactive CD4(+) cells activated by BPH cells secrete IFN-gamma and IL-17. These cytokines up-regulate IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10 production by BPH cells, creating a positive feedback loop that can amplify inflammation. IL-8 induces autocrine/paracrine proliferation of BPH cells, indicating also a growth-promoting activity of this chemokine in disease pathogenesis. These results show that human BPH cells represent nonprofessional APCs able to induce and sustain chronic inflammatory processes, supporting the relevance of inflammation in BPH pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: BioXell, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fibbi
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amuchastegui
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cossetti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aquilano
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laverny
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gacci
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crescioli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adorini
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors