title: Ethnic Turkish fathers in birth support roles in a Berlin labour and delivery room--motives, preparation and incidence in a 10-year comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Have there been changes among German (G) or ethnic Turkish (T) fathers with respect to birth preparation or motivation to participate in a birth support role? In a 10-year comparison is it possible to identify an increase among ethnic Turkish fathers in birth support roles in Germany?
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) In 1995/96 and 2003, structured interviews were conducted with German and ethnic Turkish fathers on the second or third post-natal day, focusing on the following topics: birth preparation, motives for participating in the birth, anxieties experienced by the father in the labour and delivery room, the father's assessment of his role in the birth, information deficits. (2) In 1995 and 2006, the birth support roles of family members (partners, sisters, mothers-in-law etc.) were documented per 1000 consecutive hospital births and analysed according to parity and ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Structured interviews based on guidelines: In comparing 1995/96 (G/T n = 100, in each case) to 2003 (G/ n = 54, T/ n = 42) there is a significant increase among both Germans and ethnic Turks in the number of fathers participating in courses preparing for birth; ethnic Turkish men attended birthing courses noticeably less often (1995/96 and 2003: 8%; G approx. 40%, respectively). During both interview cycles the most common motivation given for providing birth support was 'to solidify the relationship with the partner'. (2) Data on birth support roles: In the comparison between 1995/96 and 2006, more German fathers, as well as more ethnic Turkish fathers, were by the side of their wives/partners in the labour and delivery room; however, in contrast to the Germans, ethnic Turkish men more commonly tended to participate in a birth support role together with female family members, either simultaneously or by turns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The birth support role of the father has gained significant ground in the last 10 years, and is now also accepted among ethnic Turkish couples despite cultural differences. This is possibly the result of an acculturation process, in which a phenomenon within the host culture (fathers in the labour and delivery room) mixes with ancestral tradition (the birth support role of women).
authors.affiliation: Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Berlin, Germany. matthias.david@charite.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Gönül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Jan-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Siedentopf
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kentenich
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003696:Delivery Rooms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005220:Fathers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D012380:Role; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology