title: Hypertension, insulin resistance, and aldosterone: sex-specific relationships.
abstract: African Americans, particularly men, have the highest morbidity and mortality rates from hypertension in the United States. The authors studied 527 African Americans in a general clinical research center to determine whether there are sex differences in the relationships between hypertension with insulin resistance (IR) and aldosterone, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Measurements included ambulatory blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone (PA) concentration, and fasting serum lipids, glucose, and insulin. IR was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) model. BP correlated with aldosterone in both sexes. However, both BP and PA correlated with IR in men, but not in women. Compared with men in the lower tertile of HOMA-IR, men in the upper tertile had higher mean systolic BP, a higher odds ratio of having hypertension, and higher levels of PA. The association of IR with both hypertension and PA in men, but not in women, may contribute to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in African American men.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. skidambi@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Srividya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kidambi
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kotchen
authors.forename: Shanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnaswami
authors.forename: Clarence E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.forename: Theodore A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kotchen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000450:Aldosterone; D012083:Renin