title: Endometriosis related to family history of malignancies in the Yale series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies reported that endometriosis could behave as a neoplasmatic process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the family risk of ovarian, colon and prostate cancer in women with endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of medical records at the Yale New Haven Hospital from 1996 to 2002 identified 348 women with endometriosis and 179 women without endometriosis. All the cases were diagnosed by laparoscopy. Demographic characteristics were evaluated in women with positive or negative family history of cancers in women with endometriosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall risk of patients with endometriosis and positive family history of cancers was 7.7 (95% confidence interval 3.8-15.7) (chi(2)=39.8, P<0.001). Significant excess was observed for ovarian cancer in first- and second-degree relatives (OR=10.5, 95% CI (2.5-44.2), chi(2)=14.3, P<0.001), colon cancer (OR=7.5, 95% CI (2.7-21.1), chi(2)=18.2, P<0.001) and prostate cancer (OR=4.5, 95% CI (14-15.3), chi(2)=6.1, P<0.001). We found similar results in first- and second-degree relatives with ovarian and colon cancer. Moreover, we found similar results regarding the demographic characteristics in women with positive family history of cancers and in women with negative history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a familial association of endometriosis with ovarian, colon and prostate cancers. This evidence could support the genetics and molecular similarities between endometriosis and cancer. Future studies will be important to determine a clear genetic link between endometriosis and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. matakgr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ioannis M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Matalliotakis
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Georgios D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Krasonikolakis
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dermitzaki
authors.forename: Yvoni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fragouli
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003237:Connecticut; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors