title: Validation of the Chinese non-motor symptoms scale for Parkinson's disease: results from a Chinese pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a Chinese version of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as an instrument for measuring non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a psychometric analysis of the Chinese version of NMSS using a cross-sectional study of 126 patients with PD. The battery also included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and was conducted by neurologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations between the NMSS and PSQI scores (rS=0.63, P<0.001), as well as the NMSS and ESS scores (rS=0.38, P<0.001). Furthermore, significant positive correlations between NMSS and GDS, NMSS and HAMA, and NMSS and disease duration were also observed. Importantly, the sleep/fatigue index of the NMSS significantly correlated with the PSQI and ESS findings, the mood/cognition index of the NMSS significantly correlated with the GDS and HAMA findings, and the attention/memory index of the NMSS significantly correlated with the MMSE findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese version of the NMSS can be considered a comprehensive, useful measure for NMS evaluation in Chinese PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xi-jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sheng-di
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019370:Observation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*