title: HDMCP uncouples yeast mitochondrial respiration and alleviates steatosis in L02 and hepG2 cells by decreasing ATP and H2O2 levels: a novel mechanism for NAFLD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the uncoupling activity of hepatocelluar downregulated mitochondrial carrier protein (HDMCP) in a yeast expression system and its function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular cloning and RT-PCR were used for yeast protein expression and uncoupling activity was assessed. Western blot analysis was used to determine HDMCP level in rat NAFLD and steatotic L02 and hepG2 cell models where their presence was confirmed by pathologic (Nile red and H-E staining) and biochemical changes. RNA interference was used to knock down HDMCP level and mitochondrial ATP and hydroperoxide levels were measured for potential mechanism exploration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant GDP insensitive uncoupling activity of HDMCP in yeast mitochondria and its increased expression in animal and cell models. HDMCP was significantly increased with culture time and steatosis was aggravated when HDMCP level was knocked down. Furthermore, we found that HDMCP might function through promoting ATP depletion and decreasing H(2)O(2) production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds supportive data to the hypothesis that HDMCP might be a long postulated liver-specific uncoupling protein and broadens our understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. More importantly, HDMCP might become a novel drug target for its ability in alleviating hepatic steatosis.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yi-da
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ya-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shao-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao-hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xue-yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Cheng-yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: You-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C542799:SLC25A48 protein, human; C542800:Slc25a47 protein, rat; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide