title: Pre-ischemic treadmill training affects glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid levels in the striatal dialysate of a rat model of cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treadmill training has been shown to improve function in animal models and patients with cerebral ischemia. However, the neurochemical effects of this intervention on the ischemic brain have not been well studied. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pre-ischemic treadmill training on the release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the striatum in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into five groups: sham control without MCAO, and 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks pre-ischemic treadmill training. After training, cerebral ischemia was induced by MCAO for 120 min, followed by reperfusion. Microdialysis was used to collect dialysates from the striatum immediately before ischemia, and at 40, 80 and 120 min after ischemia, as well as at 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 min after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-ischemic treadmill training decreased glutamate release and increased GABA release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Treadmill training for at least 2 weeks produced statistically significant changes in GABA/glutamate release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that treadmill training inhibits the excessive release of glutamate, by stimulating GABA release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. This may be one of the important mechanisms to protect the striatal neurons from ischemic damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yong-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui-Xian
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qing-Ping
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Da-Nian
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Zhi-Juan
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005080:Exercise Test; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid