title: [Optimised glycaemic control and dose titration with insulin glargine (Lantus) by general practitioners in Switzerland: results of the OPTI-LAN Postmarketing Study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  National and international societies have published guidelines regarding glycaemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies have shown that glycaemic control of type-2 diabetes mellitus can be improved using simple algorithms for titration of insulin Glargine (Lantus). It is unclear, to what degree published guidelines are adopted in daily practice in Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a postmarketing study on the adoption of published guidelines regarding glycaemic control and the use of algorithms for titration of insulin Glargine doses by 77 general practitioners in Switzerland. Data collection was done prospectively over 6 months from September 2005 to September 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 317 patients were included with a mean age of 63 +/- 11 years, 137 (43%) were female and 298 (94%) had type-2 diabetes. Average diabetes duration was 8 +/- 6 years. The initial average HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose were 8.9 +/- 1.6% and 10.1 +/- 3.2 mmol/l respectively. This, despite treatment with at least one oral hypoglycaemic agent (83% of patients) and/or insulin (47% of patients). As target the treating physicians chose an HbA1C < or = 7% for 284 patients (90%) and a fasting plasma glucose < or = 7 mmol/l for 245 patients (77%); thresholds that correspond to the guidelines of the Swiss Society of Endocrinology and Diabetes (SSED). The algorithm developed Riddle et al. was used by 33% of treating physicians; whereas 17% of physicians used a schedule proposed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) that is generally adapted by the patients themselves. During the 6-month treatment with insulin Glargine (Lantus) 196 patients (62%) achieved the SSED guidelines for glycaemic control. On average HbA1C was reduced by 2.1% (8.9 vs. 6.8%) and fasting plasma glucose by 3 mmol/l (10.1 vs. 7.1 mmol/l). On average insulin dose was increased by 14 IU (from 16 to 30 IU). Overall 91% of patients were satisfied with the way insulin doses were adapted. In 64% general wellbeing improved during the treatment period and in 27% it was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In daily practise in Switzerland the recommendations of the SSED are implemented to a high degree. Using insulin Glargine (Lantus) recommended goals of glycaemia can be rapidly and adequately achieved and patient satisfaction can be improved.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Abteilung, Sanofi-Aventis (Schweiz) AG, Meyrin, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spirk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lareida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheidegger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diem
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003625:Data Collection; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting