title: Weight gain at 3 months of antiretroviral therapy is strongly associated with survival: evidence from two developing countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In developing countries, access to laboratory tests remains limited, and the use of simple tools such as weight to monitor HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy should be evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of 2451 Cambodian and 2618 Kenyan adults who initiated antiretroviral therapy between 2001 and 2007. The prognostic value of weight gain at 3 months of antiretroviral therapy on 3-6 months mortality, and at 6 months on 6-12 months mortality, was investigated using Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rates [95% confidence interval (CI)] between 3 and 6 months of antiretroviral therapy were 9.9 (7.6-12.7) and 13.5 (11.0-16.7) per 100 person-years in Cambodia and Kenya, respectively. At 3 months, among patients with initial body mass index less than or equal to 18.5 kg/m (43% of the study population), mortality rate ratios (95% CI) were 6.3 (3.0-13.1) and 3.4 (1.4-8.3) for those with weight gain less than or equal to 5 and 5-10%, respectively, compared with those with weight gain of more than 10%. At 6 months, weight gain was also predictive of subsequent mortality: mortality rate ratio (95% CI) was 7.3 (4.0-13.3) for those with weight gain less than or equal to 5% compared with those with weight gain of more than 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight gain at 3 months is strongly associated with survival. Poor compliance or undiagnosed opportunistic infections should be investigated in patients with initial body mass index less than or equal to 18.5 and achieving weight gain less than or equal to 10%.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. yoann.madec@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Yoann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Madec
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szumilin
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genevier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferradini
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balkan
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pujades
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontanet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral