title: [Etiology and clinical management of anemia in heart failure. GESAIC Study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies about anemia in heart failure (HF) tend to link the anemia to a cardio-renal dysfunction, and its syndromic value is seldom evaluated. Our objective was to assess the etiology and clinical management of anemia in HF patients in a hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial cross-sectional analysis of a multi-center and prospective cohort of patients with HF and anemia. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria; the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to assess glomerular filtration and the etiology of anemia was defined according to common criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 228 patients, with a median age of 79.1 years and 59.65% women. Iron deficiency anemia was present in 36,8% of patients and anemia of chronic disease in 30.3%. Of note, 12.7% cases did not meet any etiological criteria. The main factor associated with iron deficiency was anti-platelet therapy (OR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.16-1.68) and the main factors associated with anemia of chronic disease were the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA-II) (OR=3.29; 95% CI, 1.36-7.94). The main factor associated with undefined anemia was initial heart failure (OR=5.41; 95% CI, 1.65-17.65). On the other hand, 8.1% of patients required transfusion, 6% were treated with erythropoietin and 25.3% were treated with iron. Both age (OR=1.04; 95% CI, 1-1.08) and hemoglobin level at admission (OR=1.81; 95% CI, 1.46-2.25) were associated with active treatment for anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical study of anemia in patients with HF can establish an etiological diagnosis in 70% of cases, resulting in a more effective treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. jgrau@bsa.cat
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grau Amorós
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Formiga
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jordana Comajuncosa
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arias Jiménez
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salvador Mínguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies