title: Interaction between postural risk factors and job strain on self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among users of video display units: a three-year prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated a possible interaction between postural risk factors and job strain on the incidence proportion of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the shoulder-neck, lower back and upper limbs regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of white-collar workers (N=2431) was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire regarding postural risk factors and job strain at work. After a three-year follow-up, the six-month incidence proportion of musculoskeletal symptoms in the three body regions was measured with a modified version of the Nordic questionnaire. The analyses were stratified for gender. Interaction was defined as a departure from the addition of effects of individual risk factors, and its importance was estimated from the attributable proportion due to interaction and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant attributable proportion of 0.80 (95% CI 0.23-1.37) due to interaction between postural risk factors and job strain was observed for men in the lower back region. An indication of interaction was found for women with attributable proportions due to interaction of 0.44 (95% CI -0.06-0.94), 0.27 (95% CI -0.34-0.88) and 0.36 (95% CI -0.33-1.05) for the shoulder-neck, lower back, and upper limbs regions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous presence of postural risk factors and job strain seems to increase the pathogenic effect of each exposure on the incidence proportion of musculoskeletal symptoms. This interaction effect is important for work intervention practices as success in decreasing any of these two risk factors could have the additional benefit of reducing up to 80% of new cases of musculoskeletal symptoms among participants exposed to both risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Unit, Research Center of the Laval University Affiliated Hospital, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1S 4L8. julie.lapointe@uresp.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapointe
authors.forename: Clermont E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dionne
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brisson
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montreuil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016288:Computer Terminals; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult