title: Beneficial effects of designed dietary fatty acid compositions on lipids in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Elevated levels of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (ppTRLs) are atherogenic. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have exaggerated postprandial lipemia associated with elevation or prolonged residence of ppTRL remnants. We examined whether dietary fatty acid compositions (DFACs) decrease atherogenic lipid profiles in ppTRL subfractions in T2DM Chinese patients. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among 28 T2DM patients. Patients consumed 1 of 3 standardized DFAC-specific fat meals: equidominant (1:1:1), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-dominant (PUFA-D, 1:1.7:2.3), or monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-dominant (MUFA-D, 1:1.7:1.2) meals. Numbers in parenthesis, respectively, represent the ratio of saturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA to saturated fatty acids. The MUFA-D meal was the control. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels were measured in Svedberg flotation rate (S(f)) greater than 400, S(f) 60 to 400, S(f) 20 to 60, and S(f) 12 to 20 ppTRL subfractions at fasting (0 hour) and 2, 4, and 6 hours after the consumption of the fat meals. Effects of DFACs on mean concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol averaged over 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours in ppTRL subfractions were assessed using linear mixed models. Stability and robustness were validated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Contrasted to the control, equidominant meal reduced 6-hour average triacylglycerol levels in S(f) greater than 400 (P = .002, bootstrap P < .05) and S(f) 20 to 60 (P = .02, bootstrap P < .05) subfractions, and decreased average S(f) 20 to 60 cholesterol (P = .04, bootstrap P < .05); PUFA-D decreased S(f) greater than 400 average triacylglycerol levels (P = .09, bootstrap P < .05). Bootstrap samples suggested that PUFA-D decreased average S(f) 20 to 60 cholesterol levels (bootstrap P < .05). Therefore, modifying DFACs attenuates the atherogenic lipid profile of ppTRLs in T2DM patients; but increasing PUFA ratio may be more feasible.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jdai@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yi-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartell
authors.forename: Ngoc-Anh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Yi-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Emir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veledar
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides