title: A quantitative evaluation of inflammatory cells in human temporomandibular joint tissues from patients with and without implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies made only qualitative assessments of immune cell responses to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) implant wear debris. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative comparison of inflammatory cell types in TMJ tissues with implant wear debris, TMJ tissues with a history of disc pathology without implant debris, and TMJ tissues from normal control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  TMJ tissues were collected from the following 3 groups of subjects: 1) individuals with failed TMJ implants (implant group, n = 10), 2) patients with TMJ disc pathology but no history of implant placement (nonimplant surgery group, n = 10), and normal cadaveric tissues with no history of surgery (control group, n = 10). Tissue sections (5 microm) from all subjects were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, after which cell counts were done for 2 types of inflammatory cells: multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes. Mean inflammatory cell counts from the 3 groups were compared by use of a 1-way analysis of variance procedure and Bonferroni adjustment to maintain an overall type I error rate of .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant group tissues contained significantly more inflammatory cells than tissues from the nonimplant surgery and control groups (P < .0001). Multinucleated giant cells were only present in implant group tissues. Although the high number of multinucleated giant cells present in the implant group obscured a total count of lymphocytes for that group, lymphocyte cell counts were still significantly greater (P < .005) in implant group tissues than in tissues from the other 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide quantitative confirmation that the presence of Proplast-Teflon implant (Vitek, Houston, TX) wear debris is associated with a significant increase in the number of local multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Shanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaimal
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fricton
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kehl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002102:Cadaver; D002452:Cell Count; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011428:Proplast / Q000737:chemistry; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011428:Proplast; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene