title: Safeguarding against substandard/counterfeit drugs: mitigating a macroeconomic pandemic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Counterfeiting and the sale of substandard pharmaceutical products can no longer be ignored. At 10% of global trade, counterfeiting is affecting many countries, causing serious downstream expenses and resource shortages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nature and impact of drug product counterfeiting and substandard product sale and to present strategies that may have value in ameliorating these phenomena.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted, supplemented by interviews of key leaders/experts in the field and the search of relevant web sites. All of the data were combined, integrated, and coordinated to present the complete picture of this problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to known corruption in some of the least developed countries, the trail through developed countries was detected. This report identifies means to detect faulty products and describes efforts toward resisting and ending these corrupt practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counterfeit drugs, if not stopped, can be responsible for a macroeconomic pandemic where major portions of some populations may be too ill to work and where the health sector resources are completely overwhelmed, as with the case of HIV/AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Temple University, School of Pharmacy, 3307 No. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. albert.wertheimer@temple.edu
authors.forename: Albert I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Wertheimer
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005607:Fraud; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards*; D011634:Public Health
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations