title: Coagulation and fibrinolysis related cytokine imbalance in preeclampsia: the role of placental trophoblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytokine imbalance might have a pivotal role in hypercoagulability seen in preeclampsia. Our objective was to determine the relationship of blood coagulation related factors in placental tissue and peripheral blood in preeclamptic and normal pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared mRNA and protein levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue factor (TF) in the placenta of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Placental and peripheral blood t-PA and PAI-1 levels were examined. Trophoblasts were used to study the effects of hypoxia, hypoxia-reperfusion, and inflammatory cytokines on t-PA, PAI-1, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and TF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAI-1 and TF mRNA and protein levels were higher in placental tissue of preeclamptic pregnancies and in the peripheral blood of patients with preeclampsia. mRNA and protein secretion of TF, TFPI, PAI-1, but not t-PA, was increased in trophoblast cell culture under hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation. Cell cultures with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) exhibited increased expression and secretion of TF and PAI-1, decreased TFPI, and no significant change of t-PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imbalanced synthesis of t-PA, PAI-1, TFPI, and TF in trophoblasts may contribute to hypercoagulability in patients with preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China.
authors.forename: Yin-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Qi-De
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chuan-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D013925:Thromboplastin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator