title: Nuclear localization of CXCR4 determines prognosis for colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in formation of colorectal cancer metastases. Especially CXCR4 is an important factor, determining migration, invasiveness, metastasis and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Object of this study was to determine expression of CXCR4 in tumor tissue of colorectal cancer patients and associate CXCR4 expression levels to clinicopathological parameters. Levels of CXCR4 expression of a random cohort of patients, who underwent primary curative resection of a colorectal carcinoma, were retrospectively determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and semi-quantitative analyses of immunohistochemical stained paraffin sections. Expression levels were associated to clinicopathological parameters. Using RT-PCR we found that a high expression of CXCR4 in the primary tumor was an independent prognostic factor for a poor disease free survival (p = 0.03, HR: 2.0, CI = 1.1-3.7). Immunohistochemical staining showed that nuclear distribution of CXCR4 in the tumor cells was inversely associated with disease free and overall survival (p = 0.04, HR: 2.6, CI = 1.0-6.2), while expression in the cytoplasm was not associated with prognosis. In conclusion, our study showed that a high expression of nuclear localized CXCR4 in tumor cells is an independent predictor for poor survival for colorectal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Speetjens
authors.forename: Gerrit Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Liefers
authors.forename: Cornelis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Korbee
authors.forename: Wilma E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Mesker
authors.forename: Cornelis J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: van Vlierberghe
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morreau
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tollenaar
authors.forename: Peter J K
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kuppen