title: EZH2 is a mediator of EWS/FLI1 driven tumor growth and metastasis blocking endothelial and neuro-ectodermal differentiation.
abstract: Ewing tumors (ET) are highly malignant, localized in bone or soft tissue, and are molecularly defined by ews/ets translocations. DNA microarray analysis revealed a relationship of ET to both endothelium and fetal neural crest. We identified expression of histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeste, Drosophila, Homolog 2 (EZH2) to be increased in ET. Suppressive activity of EZH2 maintains stemness in normal and malignant cells. Here, we found EWS/FLI1 bound to the EZH2 promoter in vivo, and induced EZH2 expression in ET and mesenchymal stem cells. Down-regulation of EZH2 by RNA interference in ET suppressed oncogenic transformation by inhibiting clonogenicity in vitro. Similarly, tumor development and metastasis was suppressed in immunodeficient Rag2(-/-)gamma(C)(-/-) mice. EZH2-mediated gene silencing was shown to be dependent on histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Subsequent microarray analysis of EZH2 knock down, HDAC-inhibitor treatment and confirmation in independent assays revealed an undifferentiated phenotype maintained by EZH2 in ET. EZH2 regulated stemness genes such as nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), as well as genes involved in neuroectodermal and endothelial differentiation (EMP1, EPHB2, GFAP, and GAP43). These data suggest that EZH2 might have a central role in ET pathology by shaping the oncogenicity and stem cell phenotype of this tumor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München and Pediatric Oncology Center, 81664 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Günther H S
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plehm
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasan
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössler
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unland
authors.forename: Idriss M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Bennani-Baiti
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotfilder
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Löwel
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: von Luettichau
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mossbrugger
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quintanilla-Martinez
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kovar
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Staege
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller-Tidow
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burdach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D054258:Neural Plate / Q000473:pathology*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C106031:EWS-FLI fusion protein; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D014157:Transcription Factors; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases