title: Expression of P-aPKC-iota, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin related to invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atypical protein kinase C iota (aPKC-iota) and its associated intracellular molecules, E-cadherin and beta-catenin, are important for cell polarization in tumorigenesis and progression. Expression of aPKC-iota, P-aPKC-iota (activated aPKC-iota), E-cadherin, and beta-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was measured, and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of HCC was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was obtained from patients with HCC after resection without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Gene expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Expressions of aPKC-iota, P-aPKC-iota, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin were analyzed with relation to the clinicopathological data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gene and protein expression of aPKC-iota are obviously higher in HCC tissues than that in peritumoral tissues and normal tissues by semiquantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry methods. Accumulation of aPKC-iota in HCC cytoplasm and nucleolus inhibited the later formation of belt-like adherens junctions (AJs) and/or tight junctions (TJs) in cell-cell contact. E-cadherin was reduced and accumulation of cytoplasm beta-catenin was increased in HCC. The expression of aPKC-iota was closely related to pathological differentiation, tumor size, invasion, and metastasis of HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accumulation of cytoplasm aPKC-iota may reflect pathological differentiation, invasion, and metastasis potential of HCC. In this regard, our study on HCC revealed the potential usefulness of aPKC-iota, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin as a prognostic marker, closely related to pathological differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin-Xi
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chao-Qun
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ji-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Sheng-Quan
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda