title: Prevalence of subclinical amyloidosis in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secondary amyloidosis is a serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Symptoms are late to occur, so that screening is in order, most notably in patients with long-standing RA. The objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of subclinical amyloidosis in RA patients by abdominal fat aspiration biopsy (AFAB) and minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) and to identify factors associated with subclinical amyloidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 107 consecutive patients with RA (94 women and 13 men) recruited between March 2005 and January 2006. Clinical and laboratory findings, imaging study results, and treatment were recorded for each patient. AFAB and MSGB were performed routinely. Amyloid deposits were identified by polarized light microscopy after Congo red staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of subclinical amyloidosis was 21.5% by AFAB and 3.7% by MSGB. Factors associated with subclinical amyloidosis were a longer time to diagnosis (P=0.03), extraarticular manifestations (P=0.019), proteinuria >0.3 g/24 h (P=0.024), and absence of methotrexate therapy (P=0.046). Subclinical amyloidosis was not associated with age, sex, RA duration, joint deformities, DAS28 score, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, Steinbrocker radiological stage, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, creatinine, or hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of subclinical amyloidosis by AFAB is high (21.5%). AFAB is more sensitive than MSGB for detecting subclinical amyloidosis. A simple screening tool such as AFAB should be used, particularly in patients with risk factors. Subclinical amyloidosis requires close monitoring to ensure the early detection and treatment of symptomatic amyloidosis.
authors.affiliation: Service de Rhumatologie-Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, avenue 1 juin, Monastir 5000, Tunisia. mohamed_youn@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: Wided
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Korbaa
authors.forename: Adnène
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Saoussen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zrour
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bejia
authors.forename: Mongi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touzi
authors.forename: Abdelfatteh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakhama
authors.forename: Naceur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergaoui
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D015415:Biomarkers