title: Post-error slowing: an orienting account.
abstract: It is generally assumed that slowing after errors is a cognitive control effect reflecting more careful response strategies after errors. However, clinical data are not compatible with this explanation. We therefore consider two alternative explanations, one referring to the possibility of a persisting underlying problem and one on the basis of the low frequency of errors (orienting account). This latter hypothesis argues that infrequent events orient attention away from the task. Support for the orienting account was obtained in two experiments. Using a new experimental procedure, Experiment 1 demonstrated post-error slowing after infrequent errors and post-correct slowing after infrequent correct trials. In Experiment 2, slowing was observed following infrequent irrelevant tones replacing the feedback signals.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. Wim.notebaert@ugent.be
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Notebaert
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Houtman
authors.forename: Filip Van
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Opstal
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fias
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verguts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult