title: Face resurfacing using a cervicothoracic skin flap prefabricated by lateral thigh fascial flap and tissue expander.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resurfacing of facial massive soft tissue defect is a formidable challenge because of the unique character of the region and the limitation of well-matched donor site. In this report, we introduce a technique for using the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap for facial resurfacing, in an attempt to meet the principle of flap selection in face reconstructive surgery for matching the color and texture, large dimension, and thinner thickness (MLT) of the recipient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with massive facial scars underwent resurfacing procedures with prefabricated cervicothoracic flaps. The vasculature of the lateral thigh fascial flap, including the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels and the surrounding muscle fascia, was used as the vascular carrier, and the pedicles of the fascial flap were anastomosed to either the superior thyroid or facial vessels in flap prefabrication. A tissue expander was placed beneath the fascial flap to enlarge the size and reduce the thickness of the flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average size of the harvested fascia flap was 6.5 x 11.7 cm. After a mean interval of 21.5 weeks, the expanders were filled to a mean volume of 1,685 ml. The sizes of the prefabricated skin flaps ranged from 12 x 15 cm to 15 x 32 cm. The prefabricated skin flaps were then transferred to the recipient site as pedicled flaps for facial resurfacing. All facial soft tissue defects were successfully covered by the flaps. The donor sites were primarily closed and healed without complications. Although varied degrees of venous congestion were developed after flap transfers, the marginal necrosis only occurred in two cases. The results in follow-up showed most resurfaced faces restored natural contour and regained emotional expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLT is the principle for flap selection in resurfacing of the massive facial soft tissue defect. Our experience in this series of patients demonstrated that the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap could be a reliable alternative tool for resurfacing of massive facial soft tissue defects. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. liqfliqf@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Qingfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zan
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoxiong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D055815:Young Adult