title: Value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and correlation with tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for the noninvasive measurement of bladder cancer angiogenesis by correlation with microvessel density, histologic grade, and tumor staging, and to predict the outcome of local recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with bladder cancer were examined using DCE-MRI. Hemodynamic parameters obtained by DCE-MRI included peak time enhancement in the first minute (E(max/1)) after contrast administration, second minute (E(max/2)), third minute (E(max/3)), fourth minute (E(max/4)), and fifth minute (E(max/5)), and the steepest slope. Microvessel density was identified by immunostaining of endothelial cells using FVIII-related antigen. The Mann-Whitney U test, multivariate discriminant analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation was seen between DCE-MRI parameters (E(max/1) and steepest slope) and microvessel density (p < 0.05). E(max/1) and steepest slope were found to have a statistically significant correlation with histologic grade (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). A significant difference was seen between groups of patients with and without local recurrence with regard to two of the DCE-MRI parameters (p < 0.05 for E(max/1) and E(max/2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contrast enhancement patterns on DCE-MRI are influenced by tumor angiogenesis, as reflected by elevated microvessel density expression. Therefore, they are valuable indicators for assessing tumor angiogenic activity and tumor neovascularization in bladder cancers.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Trakya University School of Medicine, Kocasinan mah, Dr. Sadik Ahmet caddesi, Uzunoglu 2 Apt. No:60 Daire: 4/13, 22030 Edirne, Turkey. drtuncbilek@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tuncbilek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Semsi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altaner
authors.forename: Irfan H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Atakan
authors.forename: Necdet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Süt
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media