title: Effect of muscle injection site on preanaesthetic sedation in dogs.
abstract: The demeanour of 122 dogs was assessed, and a mixture of 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine and 0.3 mg/kg morphine was injected intramuscularly into one of four randomly assigned muscle sites (cervical epaxial, triceps brachii, middle gluteal and quadriceps femoris) and the dogs' reactions to the injections were assessed. The development of sedation and the occurrence of side effects were assessed after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and each dog's reaction to venous catheterisation was scored. All the dogs became similarly sedated after 30 minutes. The degree of sedation and the incidence of side effects were independent of the injection site, but the dogs receiving intragluteal injections had lower sedation scores after 10 minutes. The dogs' demeanour had no effect on their response to venous catheterisation. The dogs receiving an injection into the postural quadriceps and triceps muscles showed more marked reactions than those injected into the non-postural cervical epaxial and gluteal muscles.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. ian.self@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Self
authors.forename: J M L
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clutton
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007494:Ireland; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D034941:Upper Extremity; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D000075:Acepromazine; D009020:Morphine