title: Oxidative stress in children on peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enhanced oxidative stress has been observed in dialysis and predialysis adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which resulted in increased mortality and morbidity within this population. Not much attention in the literature has been paid to nonenzymatic antioxidant defense in children with CKD on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of the present study was to describe the plasma, erythrocyte, and dialysate concentrations of oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamins A, E, and C in a pediatric PD population.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 children on PD and 27 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythrocyte and plasma GSH concentrations were lower in PD patients, erythrocyte concentration of GSSG remained unchanged, and plasma GSSG was significantly higher in children on PD. Children on PD exhibited decreased plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we documented loss of vitamins A, E, and C into ultrafiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such low plasma levels of vitamins A, E, and C and simultaneously decreased activity of erythrocyte GSH may be responsible for the increased oxidative stress occurring in children with CKD on PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. nefped@nefped.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zwolinska
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grzeszczak
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczepanska
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makulska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kilis-Pstrusinska
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szprynger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid