title: Metabolic and orthopedic management of X-linked vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapy of vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets (VDXLR) consists of oral phosphate and vitamin D supplements. Bone deformities, pain, and small stature can occur even in children with good compliance, requiring surgical correction and bone lengthening. However, only few surgical reports are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (three males) with VDXLR were followed at our institution. Median age at diagnosis was 3 9/12 years (range, birth to 11 10/12) with a follow-up period of 7 8/12 years (1 9/12-30) and age at last follow-up of 13 6/12 years (2-30). Eight patients underwent surgical correction, three of them in combination with bone lengthening. The corrections were performed at the end of growth in three patients. Clinical endpoints were height, leg axis, and pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single bilateral surgical correction was performed in six patients; one patient each had three and five corrections. Bone lengthening was performed in three patients. At last follow-up, the height of seven operated patients was within normal range. In addition, leg axis was normalized in six patients with mild genua vara in two. Only one patient complained of intermittent pain. Bone healing was excellent; surgical complications were rare. There was no radiological evidence of degenerative arthropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical treatment remains the main pillar of therapy in children with VDXLR. In case of bone deformity, surgery can safely be performed, independent of age or bone maturation. All patients were satisfied with the results of axial corrective surgery and bone lengthening, and in the majority only one corrective intervention was needed.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland, sfucentese@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sandro F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Fucentese
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Leonhard E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ramseier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ulrich Exner