title: Amplification and co-regulators of androgen receptor gene in prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among males after lung cancer. The growth of prostate cancer cells depends on the presence of androgens, a group of steroid hormones that include testosterone and its more active metabolite dihydrotestoste-rone. Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and respond to the antiandrogens or androgen-deprivation therapy. However, the progression to an androgen-independent stage occurs frequently. Possible mechanisms that could be involved in the development of hormone resistant prostate cancer causes including androgen receptor (AR) mutations, AR amplification/over expression, interaction between AR and other growth factors, and enhanced signaling in a ligand-independent manner are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Clinical Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45100, Greece.
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Golias
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iliadis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peschos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charalabopoulos
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen