title: Adductor release and chemodenervation in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study in 16 children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pilot study with short-term outcomes of a combined surgical and medical intervention for management of generalized lower limb spasticity, hip displacement and contractures of adductors in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study of 16 children (9 boys and 7 girls) aged 2-6 years with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy was performed. At entry, 5 were classified as level III and 11 as level IV, according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The intervention consisted of surgical lengthening of adductor longus and gracilis combined with the phenolization of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, using 1 ml of 6% phenol, applied under direct vision at the time of lengthening of adductor longus. The hamstring and calf muscles were each injected with Botulinum neurotoxin A at a dose of 4 U/kg/muscle. Serial clinical (hip, knee, ankle joint range of motion), radiographic (migration percentage) and functional data-taken from a functional mobility scale (FMS) or GMFCS-were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-operatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in hip abduction, knee extension (popliteal angle) and ankle dorsiflexion, maintained for 24 months; mean hip migration percentage decreased from 29 to 21% (P < 0.001). Using a validated mobility scale, significant improvements were noted in gross motor function. There were no complications related to the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined surgical-medical intervention resulted in a reduction of spastic hip subluxation and improvements in gross motor function, as determined by the FMS. The combined intervention is, thus, useful as a temporizing measure, before definitive decisions are made considering such interventions as dorsal rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen and single-event, multilevel surgery.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia, abhay.khot@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khot
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: H Kerr
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Graham