title: Intrinsic tumor suppression and epithelial maintenance by endocytic activation of Eiger/TNF signaling in Drosophila.
abstract: Oncogenic alterations in epithelial tissues often trigger apoptosis, suggesting an evolutionary mechanism by which organisms eliminate aberrant cells from epithelia. In Drosophila imaginal epithelia, clones of cells mutant for tumor suppressors, such as scrib or dlg, lose their polarity and are eliminated by cell death. Here, we show that Eiger, the Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF), behaves like a tumor suppressor that eliminates oncogenic cells from epithelia through a local endocytic JNK-activation mechanism. In the absence of Eiger, these polarity-deficient clones are no longer eliminated; instead, they grow aggressively into tumors. We show that in scrib clones endocytosis is elevated, which translocates Eiger to endocytic vesicles and leads to activation of apoptotic JNK signaling. Furthermore, blocking endocytosis prevents both JNK activation and cell elimination. Our data indicate that TNF signaling and the endocytic machinery could be components of an evolutionarily conserved fail-safe mechanism by which animals protect against neoplastic development.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igaki
authors.forename: Jose Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pastor-Pareja
authors.forename: Hiroka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aonuma
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017209:Apoptosis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D004848:Epithelium / Q000254:growth & development; D017344:Genes, Insect; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C404683:Scrib protein, Drosophila; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C464573:egr protein, Drosophila; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases