title: Metallic gold treatment reduces proliferation of inflammatory cells, increases expression of VEGF and FGF, and stimulates cell proliferation in the subventricular zone following experimental traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury represents a leading cause of morbidity in young individuals and there is an imperative need for neuroprotective treatments limiting the neurologic impairment following such injury. It has recently been demonstrated that bio-liberated gold ions liberated from small metallic gold implants reduce inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, while generating an increased neuronal stem cell response following focal brain damage. In this study mice were subjected to a unilateral traumatic cryo-lesion with concomitant injection of 25-45 microm gold particles near the lesion. Placebo-treated mice subjected to cryo-lesion served as controls. The effects of gold-treatment were investigated by examining gold-induced growth factor expression (VEGF and FGF) in the first two weeks after the insult, and the extent of the neurostimulatory effect of gold was explored by comparing cell proliferation in the subventricular zone as judged by immunohistochemical staining for CDC47. Vimentin staining revealed a decrease in activated microglia and a transient astrogliosis in response to the gold liberation. Moreover, gold ions significantly increase the expression of VEGF and FGF following trauma and a significant increase in cell proliferation in both the ipsilateral and the contralateral subventricular zone was found in response to gold-treatment.
  
  
  
  we confirmed the previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of bio-liberated gold ions, and further show that metallic gold increases growth factor expression and adult neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neuroprotection, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. mieped@stud.ku.dk
authors.forename: Mie Østergaard
authors.initials: MØ
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Agnete
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Dan Sonne
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Meredin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoltenberg
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penkowa
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064168:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006046:Gold; C491086:Mcm7 protein, mouse; D064168:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7