title: [Interactions between beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms as risk factors for chronic heart failure].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beta adrenergic receptors (AR) are highly polymorphic and important regulators of cardiovascular homeostasis. Among these, beta1 and beta2 AR regulate cardiac contractility and frequency and are important pharmacological targets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate genotype and gene-gene interaction between beta1-AR Arg389Gly and beta2-AR Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu and Thr164Ile polymorphisms, as risk factors for HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty chronic HF patients and eighty-eight controls matched by age and sex were genotyped for beta1-AR Arg389Gly, beta2-AR Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu and Thr164Ile polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of beta2-AR Glu allele was a risk predictor for HF (odds ratio (OR) = 2.81; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.49-5.31). Interactions that increased the risk for HF were found in patients carrying at least one of the beta2-AR Glu and beta2-AR Gly allele (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 1.50-0.70) and beta2-AR Glu and beta1-AR Gly allele combination (OR = 5.51; 95% CI = 2.19-13.86). Furthermore, the frequency of beta2-AR Glu allele was higher among patients with a history of acute myocardial infarction (with infarction: 0.534, without: 0.313, p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta2-AR Glu allele could be a risk predictorfor HF. This risk could be enhanced by the additional presence of beta2-AR Gly16 or beta1-AR Arg389 alleles. The frequency of beta2-AR Gln27 Glu allele was higher among patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Farmacogenómica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moraga
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mellado
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Díaz-Araya
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vukasovic
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.forename: María Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ocaranza
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jali
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiong
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2