title: Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, particularly in parts of the developing world, and is increasing in incidence. This article reviews the current modalities employed for the diagnosis of HCC, including serum markers, radiological techniques and histological evaluation, and summarises international guidelines for the diagnostic approach to HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Asmaa I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Gomaa
authors.forename: Shahid A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Edward L S
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Leen
authors.forename: Imam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Waked
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C410824:GOLM1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D011516:Prothrombin; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase