title: Effect of augmentatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory hallucinations are a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia and are usually resistant to treatment. The present study was conducted to further support the findings that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) reduces auditory hallucinations, and to evaluate the effect of low-frequency rTMS on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty schizophrenia patients were included in the study. Patients were randomized to control or experimental group. Low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz, 90% motor threshold) was applied to the left temporoparietal cortex of patients in the experimental group for 10 days following the standard guidelines as an addition to antipsychotic treatment. The control group received only antipsychotics. The changes in the psychopathology scores for the auditory hallucinations were recorded using auditory hallucination recording scale. The rater was blind to the intervention procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement was found in auditory hallucinations in the experimental group as compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left temporoparietal rTMS warrants further study as an intervention for auditory hallucinations. Data suggest that this intervention selectively alters neurobiological factors determining frequency of these hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke-Ranchi, India. drravi2121@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dhruv
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagati
authors.forename: Shamshul Haque
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nizamie
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone