title: Oxidizable residues mediating protein stability and cytoprotective interaction of DJ-1 with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1.
abstract: Parkinson disease (PD)-associated genomic deletions and the destabilizing L166P point mutation lead to loss of the cytoprotective DJ-1 protein. The effects of other PD-associated point mutations are less clear. Here we demonstrate that the M26I mutation reduces DJ-1 expression, particularly in a null background (knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Thus, homozygous M26I mutation causes loss of DJ-1 protein. To determine the cellular consequences, we measured suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and cytotoxicity for [M26I]DJ-1, and systematically all other DJ-1 methionine and cysteine mutants. C106A mutation of the central redox site specifically abolished binding to ASK1 and the cytoprotective activity of DJ-1. DJ-1 was apparently recruited into the ASK1 signalosome via Cys-106-linked mixed disulfides. The designed higher order oxidation mimicking [C106DD]DJ-1 non-covalently bound to ASK1 even in the absence of hydrogen peroxide and conferred partial cytoprotection. Interestingly, mutations of peripheral redox sites (C46A and C53A) and M26I also led to constitutive ASK1 binding. Cytoprotective [wt]DJ-1 bound to the ASK1 N terminus (which is known to bind another negative regulator, thioredoxin 1), whereas [M26I]DJ-1 bound to aberrant C-terminal site(s). Consequently, the peripheral cysteine mutants retained cytoprotective activity, whereas the PD-associated mutant [M26I]DJ-1 failed to suppress ASK1 activity and nuclear export of the death domain-associated protein Daxx and did not promote cytoprotection. Thus, cytoprotective binding of DJ-1 to ASK1 depends on the central redox-sensitive Cys-106 and may be modulated by peripheral cysteine residues. We suggest that impairments in oxidative conformation changes of DJ-1 might contribute to PD neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Clinics Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waak
authors.forename: Stephanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Görner
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichijo
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stehle
authors.forename: Philipp J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kahle
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000187:drug effects; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000187:drug effects; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004220:Disulfides; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; C503466:PARK7 protein, mouse; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1