title: Formation of vitamin A lipid droplets in pancreatic stellate cells requires albumin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) store vitamin A as cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and, when activated by profibrogenic stimuli, they transform into myofibroblast-like cells characterised by the loss of vitamin A droplets. Activation of stellate cells is central to fibrogenesis, but the mechanism for the formation of vitamin A droplets and its relationship to stellate cell activation remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  With use of cultured PSCs, an attempt was made to characterise the function of albumin endogenously expressed in stellate cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albumin is endogenously expressed in quiescent PSCs, localised in cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and its levels are markedly reduced after stellate cell activation. Continuous albumin expression in stellate cells is sufficient to maintain their fat-storing phenotype even after cell passages and renders cells resistant to the activating effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). Forced expression of albumin in PSCs after passage 2 (activated PSCs) induced the re-appearance of lipid droplets and phenotypic changes, which were previously reported with retinol treatment. Retinol increases albumin synthesis in activated PSCs and the suppression of albumin expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolishes retinol-induced effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate a novel role for albumin in the formation of cytoplasmic vitamin A lipid droplets in stellate cells, and suggest that albumin may have a direct influence on stellate cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Gojan 1-dong, Danwon gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 425-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D-U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D014801:Vitamin A