title: Morphological changes during postembryonic development in two species of neotropical harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Cranaidae).
abstract: Morphological changes during postembryonic development in the Cranaidae are described on the basis of the examination of an incomplete series of larvae, nymphs, and adults of Phareicranaus calcariferus and Santinezia serratotibialis. The life histories of these species are hypothesized to consist of six nymphal stages, featuring the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics in the antepenultimate nymph (N5). Color and body shape change dramatically during development. Growth rates for nymphs based upon leg measurements were similar for both species. In S. serratotibialis, the greatest increase in leg size occurred from larva to 1st nymph. The tarsomeres of legs I-IV varied by 1-2 segments per leg for each nymph stage, with the number of tarsal segments increased by 1-2 segments at each stage. Adults had nearly twice as many tarsomeres on leg II than other legs. Ontogenetic changes were observed in the armature of the proximal cheliceral segment, ocularium, pedipalp, opisthosoma, distitarsus III and IV, and leg IV. Morphological changes in postembryonic development in cranaid harvestmen are similar to those reported for other Laniatores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, Norfolk, Virginia 23502, USA. vtownsend@vwc.edu
authors.forename: Victor R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Nouman J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Proud
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Felgenhauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001097:Arachnida / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009758:Nymph / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000648:ultrastructure