title: Optimizing comparative genomic hybridization probes for genotyping and SNP detection in Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridizations (CGH) interrogate genomic DNA to identify structural differences such as amplifications and deletions that are easily detected as large signal aberrations. Subtle signal deviations caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can also be detected but is challenged by a high AT content (81%) in P. falciparum. We compared genome-wide CGH signal to sequence polymorphisms between parasite strains 3D7, HB3, and Dd2 using NimbleGen microarrays. From 23,191 SNPs (excluding var/rif/stevor genes), our CGH probe set detected SNPs with >99.9% specificity but low (<10%) sensitivity. Probe length, melting temperature, GC content, SNP location in the probe, mutation type, and hairpin structures affected SNP sensitivity. Previously unrecognized variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) also were detected by this method. These findings will guide the redesign of a probe set to optimize an openly available CGH microarray platform for high-resolution genotyping suitable for population genomics studies.
authors.affiliation: The Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jigar J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blain
authors.forename: Tom J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Neil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ferdig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition / Q000235:genetics; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics*; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes