title: Preventive effect of pentoxifylline on acute radiation damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could protect against induced acute radiation enteritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats received 100 mg/kg/day PTX for 7 days before irradiation and continued on treatment for 3 days after irradiation. The intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane B2 levels were determined. Terminal ileum tissue was evaluated for morphological changes. Also, nuclear factor kappa (NF-kappa), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressions were analyzed with immunohistochemisty methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTX treatment was associated with increased GSH levels and decreased MPO activity and MDA, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane B2 levels. Histopathologic examination showed that intestinal mucosal structure was preserved in the PTX-treated group while having significant decreases in NF-kappaB, TNF-a, and ICAM-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTX appears to have a protective effect against radiation damage. This protective effect is mediated in part by decreasing both inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülçin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hepgül
authors.forename: Sevda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanrikulu
authors.forename: Haluk Recai
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Unalp
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akguner
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erbil
authors.forename: Vakur
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olgaç
authors.forename: Evin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ademoğlu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D004751:Enteritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone; D010431:Pentoxifylline