title: Effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide on peripubertal and adult Sprague-Dawley rats: ovarian, clinical, and pathologic outcomes.
abstract: Young rats treated daily with intraperitoneal 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) undergo selective destruction of primordial follicles, resulting in gradual ovarian failure resembling the menopausal transition in women. To determine whether VCD has similar effects on ovaries of older rats, adult and peripubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally daily for 30 d with vehicle or VCD at 40 or 80 mg/kg. Body weight, food intake, complete blood counts, and markers of liver injury and renal function were measured during VCD treatment. Complete gross necropsy and microscopic observations were performed on day 31, and ovarian follicles were counted. At 80 mg/kg, VCD destroyed primordial and primary follicles to a similar extent in both adult and peripubertal animals, although adult rats likely started with fewer follicles and therefore approached follicle depletion. Treatment with VCD did not affect body weight, but food intake was reduced in both adult and peripubertal rats treated with 80 mg/kg VCD. Adult rats treated with 80 mg/kg VCD had neutrophilia and increased BUN and creatinine; in addition, 4 of these rats were euthanized on days 25 or 26 due to peritonitis. VCD treatment did not increase alanine aminotransferase levels, a marker of liver injury, although the 80-mg/kg dose increased liver weights. In conclusion, VCD effectively destroys small preantral follicles in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, making them a suitable model of the menopausal transition of women. However, because adult rats were more sensitive to the irritant properties of VCD, the use of a lower dose should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Animal Resources Program, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: F Salih
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.forename: Esther A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Patricia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isom
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Appt
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009220:Myositis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C012606:4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide