title: The association between fatal vascular events and risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: plaque number of dialytic atherosclerosis study.
abstract: Atherosclerotic vascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality for end-stage renal disease patients. We followed prospectively 226 hemodialysis patients by carotid ultrasonography to determine if ultrasonographic markers are predictive of the prognosis of these patients. The end-point was death or completion of the five-year follow-up period. Fatal cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events were the most common cause of death. By multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (DM) (P=0.005), plaque number (PN) by ultrasonography (P=0.023), age (P=0.001), calcium-phosphate product (P=0.049), and serum albumin (P=0.009) were extracted as independent risk factors. The five-year increase of PN was significantly greater for DM patients than for non-DM patients. Moreover, PN was an independent marker of a fatal event, irrespective of DM status. Our results suggest that PN may be a useful predictor of the long-term prognosis of hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawayama
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furusyo
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D012709:Serum Albumin; C020243:calcium phosphate