title: Employment contracts: cross-sectional and longitudinal relations with quality of working life, health and well-being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to enhance (i) insight in the relationship between different types of employment contract and the quality of working life, health and well-being, and (ii) our causal understanding of these relationships by comparing employees whose contract type changes across time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on a two-year prospective cohort study. Cross-sectional analyses were based upon a sample of 2,454 Dutch employees (2004). Longitudinal data were available for 1,865 respondents (2004-2006). We distinguished among 5 contract types, and subgroups of 'Upward' (i.e., towards permanent employment) and 'Downward' (towards temporary employment) movers across time. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and cross table analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectionally, we found differences between contract types in quality of working life: generally permanent employees had better jobs, whereas temporary agency workers and on call workers had more 'bad work characteristics'. We also found a difference in health behaviour (smoking) and that psychological health was worst among temporary agency workers. In longitudinal analyses we found some evidence that a positive change in employment contract was associated with a better quality of working life and better psychological health, whereas the opposite was true for a negative contract change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of working life, health and well-being are unequally distributed over employment contract groups. Temporary agency workers and on-call workers deserve special attention in terms of job design and human resource management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.kompier@psych.ru.nl
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kompier
authors.forename: Jan Fekke
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ybema
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Toon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032982:Contracts; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010549:Personal Satisfaction