title: Combined cryoablation and GM-CSF treatment for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: A total of 12 patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer were treated by combining cryoablation and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor administration. Besides prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also obtained; the frequency of tumor-specific T cells was tested ex vivo in an interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay after stimulating with autologous prostate cancer-derived protein lysates. To assess cytolytic activity, T cells were coincubated with human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) or renal cancer cells (GRC-1), and release of cytosolic adenylate kinase was measured by a luciferase assay. The median PSA decline percentage was 69.4% (range: 30.5% to 92.5%) and the median time to the nadir PSA was 4 months after therapy (range: 3 to 6). The median time to disease progress was 18 months, and 1 patient obtained a 92.5% PSA decline and a greater than 50% reduction of lung disease and survived 31 months. Four or 8 weeks after treatment, the tumor-specific T-cell responses were increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cell. The cytolytic activity against LNCaP was also increased significantly whereas no response was found against GRC-1. It seemed that there was no direct correlation between the degree of T-cell response and decline in PSA. Combined cryoablation with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment was suggested to be an alternative approach for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer and could induce tumor-specific immunologic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Treatment, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institution, Tianjin, PR China.
authors.forename: Tongguo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xishan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D003452:Cryosurgery; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen