Disrespect, harassment, and abuse: all in a day's work for family physicians.
OBJECTIVE
To examine harassment and abusive encounters between family physicians and their patients or colleagues in the workplace.


METHODS
Qualitative case study using semistructured interviews.


METHODS
Province of New Brunswick.


METHODS
Forty-eight family physicians from across the province.


METHODS
A collective case-study approach was developed, with 24 cases of 2 individuals per case. Cases were selected based on sex, location (urban or rural), language (French or English), and number of years since medical school graduation (< 10 years, 10 to 20 years, or > 20 years). Physicians were interviewed in either French or English. Participants were recruited using the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick's physician directory. Based on the rates of response and participation, some cases were overrepresented, while others were not completed. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using a categorical aggregation approach. A coding scheme for the thematic analysis was developed by the research team before the interviews were transcribed.


RESULTS
Although the original intent of this study was to examine the work environment of family physicians in light of the increasing number of women entering the profession, harassment and abusive encounters in the workplace emerged as a main theme. These encounters ranged from minor to severe. Minor abusive encounters included disrespectful behaviour and verbal threats by patients, their families, and occasionally colleagues. More severe forms of harassment involved physical threats, physical encounters, and stalking. Demanding patients, such as heavy drug users, were often seen as threatening. Location of practice, years in practice, and sex of the physician seemed to affect abusive encounters--young, female, rural physicians appeared to experience such encounters most often.


CONCLUSIONS
Abusive encounters in the workplace are concerning. It is essential to address these issues of workplace harassment and abuse in order to protect physician safety and avoid workplace dissatisfaction. Abusive encounters might push family physicians to leave clinical practice prematurely or refuse to work in higher-risk environments, such as emergency departments or rural areas.
Miedema
Baukje
B
Dalhousie University Family Medicine Teaching Unit, Dr Everett Chalmers Hospital, PO Box 9000, Priestman St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5N5. bo.miedema@rvh.nb.ca
Easley
Julie
J
Fortin
Pierrette
P
Hamilton
Ryan
R
Tatemichi
Sue
S
D000328:Adult; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009509:New Brunswick / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace