title: Albumin ameliorates tissue plasminogen activator-mediated blood-brain barrier permeability and ischemic brain injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may aggravate ischemic neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia and increase blood-brain barrier permeability. Human serum albumin has neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke. However, whether albumin can attenuate the deleterious effects of tPA is yet unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we attempted to determine the effects of albumin on cerebral injury and blood-brain barrier disruption induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours followed by 24 hours of reperfusion and tPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that infarct volume in rats which received saline and tPA was 35.6 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- SEM) and 50.9 +/- 4.5%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01). The infarct volume in rats that received tPA with albumin was significantly decreased to 29.2 +/- 3.3% (p<0.05), compared with tPA-only-treated group. Combination therapy using tPA with albumin also improved neurological deficits and reduced brain edema significantly (p<0.05). Relative to tPA-treated group, rats that received combination therapy using tPA with albumin had significantly reduced blood-brain barrier permeability, evaluated by quantitation of Evans blue leakage (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute ischemic stroke, combination therapy using tPA with albumin can attenuate the deleterious effects of tPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: De-Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000295:instrumentation; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator