title: Comparison of tank treatments with copper sulfate and potassium permanganate for sunshine bass with ichthyobodosis.
abstract: The biflagellated, single-celled parasite Ichthyobodo necator can cause significant losses among fish populations, particularly those cultured in tanks. Treatments of KMnO4 and CuSO4 were evaluated against a naturally occurring I. necator infestation on sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis) raised in tanks. Four-hour static treatments with 3 mg of KMnO4/L of water (2.5 mg/L above the determined KMnO4 demand) or 2 mg of CuSO4/L of water (total alkalinity = 207 mg/L; total hardness = 95 mg/L) were randomly applied to 4 tanks/treatment (23 fish/tank); the same treatments were reapplied 2 d later. Four tanks were used as positive controls. By 2 d posttreatment (after the second treatment), only 17.4% of the untreated control fish survived, and a sample of the remaining fish was heavily infested with I. necator. All remaining control fish were dead by 5 d posttreatment. The KMnO4 treatment significantly curtailed the initial mortality (survival = 92.4%) and slightly reduced the high parasite loads at 2 d posttreatment. However, fish mortalities increased dramatically over the next 3 d (survival at 5 d posttreatment = 37.5%), and parasite loads from sampled fish remained high. The CuSO4 treatment was effective in significantly lowering the parasite load (almost eliminating I. necator) and maintaining a high fish survival (87.5%) by 5 d posttreatment. The findings in this study clearly demonstrate that CuSO4 is a viable treatment for ichthyobodosis in tanks.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Post Office Box 1050, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160-01050, USA. dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D001492:Bass; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016830:Kinetoplastida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D011196:Potassium Permanganate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; D019327:Copper Sulfate