title: Characteristics of patients with congenital clasped thumb: a prospective study of 40 patients with the results of treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital clasped thumb is a deformity that is associated with heterogeneous congenital anomalies and it has been addressed in many congenital syndromes. The aim of this study was to diagnose and evaluate cases of clasped thumb as regards the associated congenital anomalies and syndromes, and evaluation of the results of treatment of such cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study on 40 patients with 73 clasped thumbs was done. All the patients' data regarding their personal, family, pregnancy and developmental histories were recorded. All the patients were exposed to thorough clinical and radiological examination and genetic assessment. The cases were classified using the Tsuyuguchi et al. (J Hand Surg [Am] 10:613-618, 1985) classification into three types. Conservative treatment was adopted in ten hands, and surgical treatment was performed for 28 hands in 17 patients, with an average follow-up of 26 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive consanguinity was recorded in 57.5% of cases. Associated anomalies were recorded in 77.5% of cases. Type I was the most common one, followed by type III and then type II. Conservative treatment is effective in type I cases when presented early, and all patients were satisfied with the results of surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We reported associated anomalies which are to our knowledge have not mentioned before in the literature which include; congenital blindness, radial deviation of the index finger and ventricular septal defect. We found that 68% of the patients had associated syndromes, and this has not been mentioned before. In this study, we found that there were no difference between type II and type III clasped thumb as regards the pathological findings, severity, the operative procedures, the treatment protocol and the operative results. Properly planned treatment gives satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medecine, Cairo University, 10, Murad St, Giza, 12511, Egypt, hishamortho@gmail.com.
authors.lastname: Hisham Abdel Ghani
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hegazy
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Yehia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tarraf
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temtamy