title: Predictors and outcome of seizures after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Clinical article.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Seizures are an important neurological complication of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A better understanding of the risk factors of seizures following ICH is needed to predict which patients will require treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty-three adult patients were enrolled in this 1-year retrospective study. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline clinical factors and the presence or absence of seizure during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seizures occurred in 20 patients with ICH, including acute symptomatic seizures in 9 and unprovoked seizures in 11. None progressed to status epilepticus during hospitalization. After a minimum 3-year follow-up period, the mean Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 3.8+/-1.1 for patients who had had seizures and 3.5+/-1.3 for those who had not. The multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that the mean ICH volume was independently associated with seizures, and any increase of 1 mm3 in ICH volume increased the seizure rate by 2.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher mean ICH volumes at presentation were predictive of seizure, and the presence of late seizures was predictive of developing epilepsy. Most seizures occurred within 2 years of spontaneous ICH over a minimum of 3 years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Neng
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jih-Tsun
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Hung-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nai-Wen
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult