title: Effect of nanofillers' size on surface properties after toothbrush abrasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of filler-particle size of experimental and commercial resin composites, undergoing toothbrush abrasion, on three surface properties: surface roughness (SR), surface gloss (G) and color stability (CS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four model (Ivoclar/Vivadent) and one commercial resin composite (Tokuyama) with varying filler-size from 100-1000 nm were examined. Six discs (10 mm x 2 mm) from each product were prepared and mechanically polished. The samples were then submitted to 20,000 brushing strokes in a toothbrush abrasion machine. SR parameters (Ra, Rt and RSm), G, and CS were measured before and after toothbrush abrasion. Changes in SR and G were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post hoc test. CS values were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test (alpha=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial G values ranged between 73-87 gloss units (GU) and were reduced after toothbrush abrasion to a range of 8-64 GU. Toothbrush abrasion resulted in significant modifications in SR and G amongst the materials tested, attributed to filler sizes. There was statistically significant difference in color (delta E* ranged from 0.38-0.88). Filler size did not affect color stability. Toothbrush abrasion resulted in rougher and matte surfaces for all materials tested. Although the individual differences in surface roughness among filler sizes were not always significant, the correlation showed a trend that larger filler sizes resulted in higher surface roughness after abrasion for the SR parameters Ra and Rt (r = 0.95; r = 0.93, respectively). RSm showed an increase after toothbrush abrasion for all resin composites, however no significant correlation was detected (r = 0.21).There was a significant correlation between G and Ra ratios (r = - 0.95).
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, The University of Passo Fundo, School of Dentistry, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masouras
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Luiz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silikas
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003188:Composite Resins; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D053761:Nanocomposites; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins