title: The effect of community-prescribed ankle-foot orthoses on gait parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) prescribed in the community for children with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six children (32 boys and 24 girls, mean age 8.9 years, range 4-17) who were diagnosed as having CP were enrolled. They were grouped according to the type of CP, diplegic (n = 38) and hemiplegic (n = 18). Three-dimensional gait analyses while patient were barefoot and with AFOs were obtained and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spatio-temporal findings were the most significantly changed as a result of AFO use. In the hemiplegic group, stride length was 11.7% (p = 0.001) longer with AFOs in both affected (10.2%) and non-affected (12.4%) legs, and cadence was reduced by 9.7%; walking speed was not affected. In the diplegic group, stride length with AFOs was 17.4% longer compared to barefoot (p < 0.001) and walking velocity improved by 17.8% (p < 0.001); cadence was unchanged. AFOs also increased ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact in both groups. In the hemiplegic group, AFOs produced an average 9.4 degrees increase of dorsiflexion at initial contact (IC) on the affected side (p < 0.001) and 5.87 degrees on the unaffected side (p = 0.007), and an increase of 9.9 degrees (p < 0.001) dorsiflexion at swing, on the affected side. In the diplegic group, dorsiflexion at IC was increased by 13.4 degrees on the right side and 7.8 degrees on the left side (p = 0.05; p > 0.001, respectively) and an increase of 6 degrees (p = 0.005) at swing. In the hemiplegic group of patients, knee flexion at initial contact on the affected side was reduced by 8.5 degrees (p = 0.032) while in the diplegic group we found no influence. The number of patients that reached symmetry at initial double support tripled (from 5.6 to 16.7%) with the use of AFOs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that the use of AFOs improves spatio-temporal gait parameters and gait stability in children with spastic cerebral palsy. It has a lesser effect on proximal joint kinematics. Children with spastic hemiplegia display greater improvement than those with spastic diplegia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel, shayek@tasmc.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hemo
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chamis
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bat
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segev
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wientroub
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yzhar