title: Biosynthesis and physio-pharmacological actions of angiotensin peptides: 1. Synthetic enzymes.
abstract: The present work introduces a brief review of the actual knowledge concerning the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the active angiotensins, followed by a presentation of their main physio-pharmacological actions. The enzymatic pathways that generate active ang. II (1-8) are complemented with data concerning its transformation into angiotensin III (2-8), ang. IV (3-8), ang. V (1-5) and ang. 1-7. Besides the classic renin of renal origin, the tissue isorenins, represented by tonin and cathepsins D and G, inactive angiotensin-I-forming are also reviewed. Furthermore, chymase and the new angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which generates angiotensin 1-7, having opposite properties from the mother-substance (Ang. II) are discussed at length. The presentation of properties of angiotensin-generating enzymes is followed by the presentation of the action of angiotensinases (aminopetidases, carboxypeptidase and endopeptidases), which are involved both in the generation of biologically active angiotensin peptides and in their inactivation.
authors.affiliation: "Gr.T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haulică
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bild
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rădăşanu
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D000805:Angiotensin III / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000809:Angiotensins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D053818:Chymases / Q000378:metabolism; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000809:Angiotensins; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000805:Angiotensin III; D000803:Angiotensin I; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D002403:Cathepsins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D000626:Aminopeptidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; C117017:tonin; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D053818:Chymases; D012083:Renin; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)