title: Cuticular lipids of female solitary bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).
abstract: The cuticular lipids of the cavity-nesting adult female solitary bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined GC-mass spectrometry. The cuticular lipids of these female bees are mainly consisted of hydrocarbons. For O. lignaria, nearly 64% of the cuticular lipids were C(25)-C(31) mono-alkenes. For M. rotundata, 48% of the cuticular lipids were C(23)-C(33) alkanes with nearly the same quantities of the same chain-length mono-alkenes (45%). For the mono-alkenes of O. lignaria, 14 mono-alkene constituents were identified, with two of these, 9-heptacosene and 7-nonacosene, comprising 67% of the total alkene distribution. For M. rotundata females, the mixtures of mono-alkenes were more complex with 26 constituents identified and quantified. For the M. rotundata mono-alkenes, 57% of the total composition consisted of the three alkenes, 7-pentacosene, 9-pentacosene and 7-heptacosene. For both bee species, small quantities of C(40)-C(48) wax esters were also characterized with the major components possessing a C(18) mono-unsaturated fatty acid (9-octadecenoate) moiety esterified to even-carbon number (C(22-30)) fatty alcohols. The possible role of these cuticular lipids as nest recognition chemicals is discussed in light of nesting behavior of managed crop pollinators.
authors.affiliation: Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. james.buckner@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pitts-Singer
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guédot
authors.forename: Marcia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Charlotte L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fatland
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000378:metabolism*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D014885:Waxes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D014885:Waxes