Electronic health record components and the quality of care.
BACKGROUND
Electronic health records (EHRs) have been promoted as an important tool to improve quality of care. We examined the association between EHR components, a complete EHR, and the quality of care.


METHODS
Using data from the 2005 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all visits with an established primary care provider and examined the association between presence of EHR components and: (1) blood pressure control; and (2) receipt of appropriate therapy for chronic conditions. We examined similar associations for complete EHRs which we defined as one that includes physician and nursing notes, electronic reminder system, computerized prescription order entry, test results, and computerized test order entry. We constructed multivariate models to examine the association between EHR components and each outcome controlling for patient sociodemographic, health, physician practice, and geographic factors.


RESULTS
We found no association between electronic physician notes and blood pressure control or receipt of appropriate therapies, with the exception of inhaled steroids among asthmatics (adjusted odds ratio 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-7.32). We found no association between electronic reminder systems and blood pressure control or receipt of appropriate therapies, with the exception of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with diabetes with hypertension (odds ratio 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-5.42). We found no association between electronic physician notes and any measure of quality. We found no relationship between having a complete EHR and any of the quality measures investigated.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no consistent association between blood pressure control, management of chronic conditions, and specific EHR components. Future research focusing on how an EHR is implemented and used and how care is integrated through an EHR will improve our understanding of the impact of EHRs on the quality of care.
Keyhani
Salomeh
S
Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA. salomeh.keyhani@mountsinai.org
Hebert
Paul L
PL
Ross
Joseph S
JS
Federman
Alex
A
Zhu
Carolyn W
CW
Siu
Albert L
AL
D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data