title: Effective modification of particle surface properties using ultrasonic water mist.
abstract: The goal of the present study was to design a new technique to modify particle surface properties and, through that, to improve flowability of poorly flowing drug thiamine hydrochloride and pharmaceutical sugar lactose monohydrate of two different grades. The powdered particles were supplied by a vibratory feeder and exposed to an instantaneous effect of water mist generated from an ultrasound nebulizer. The processed and original powders were evaluated with respect to morphology (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spatial filtering technique), flow, and solid state properties. It was found that rapid exposition of pharmaceutical materials by water mist resulted in the improvement of powder technical properties. The evident changes in flowability of coarser lactose were obviously due to smoothing of particle surface and decreasing in the level of fines with very slight increment in particle size. The changes in thiamine powder flow were mainly due to narrowing in particle size distribution where the tendency for better flow of finer lactose was related to surface and size modifications. The aqueous mist application did not cause any alteration of the crystal structures of the studied materials. The proposed water mist treatment technique appears to be a robust, rapid, and promising tool for the improvement of the technological properties of pharmaceutical powders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, natalja.genina@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Natalja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Genina
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Räikkönen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinämäki
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siiriä
authors.forename: Peep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veski
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yliruusi
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D012212:Rheology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013831:Thiamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; D007785:Lactose; D013831:Thiamine