title: High milk consumers have an increased risk of folate receptor blocking autoantibody production but this does not affect folate status in Spanish men and women.
abstract: Folate receptor (FR)-blocking autoantibodies (FR-autoantibodies) have been reported in women with neural tube defect-affected pregnancies and subfertility and in children with progressive neurodevelopment disorders. We investigated their prevalence and association with folate status and milk intake in adults unexposed to folic acid fortification. A cross-sectional study of a randomly selected representative sample of a Spanish population (aged 18-75 y) stratified by age and gender was performed. Plasma and red cell folate, plasma cobalamin, fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and FR-autoantibody titer were determined in blood samples from 787 fasting participants. Lifestyle data were collected and milk intake estimated from a 3-d dietary record. FR-autoantibody prevalence was 7.2% [0.30 +/- 0.27 nmol (mean +/- SD) FR blocked/L], equally affecting men and women of all ages. Plasma and red cell folate and tHcy did not differ between carriers and noncarriers of FR-autoantibodies. Milk intake was higher in carriers (225 +/- 199 g/d) than in noncarriers (199 +/- 147 g/d) (P < 0.01). The risk of having FR-autoantibodies increased progressively with increasing quintile of milk intake and was significant in the highest quintile (> or =307 g/d) compared with the lowest (< or =67 g/d) [odds ratio (OR), 2.41 [95% CI: 1.02, 5.69]; P < 0.05; linear trend, P = 0.02]. We concluded that FR-autoantibodies occur in men and women of all ages and do not affect indicators of folate status such as plasma and red cell folate and tHcy. Higher milk intake is associated with increased risk of having FR-autoantibodies.
authors.affiliation: Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Berrocal-Zaragoza
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ceruelo
authors.forename: Edward V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Quadros
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sequeira
authors.forename: Joan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Ballart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D013030:Spain; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D014805:Vitamin B 12