title: Occupational dermatoses in restaurant, catering and fast-food outlets in Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The restaurant industry is a rapidly growing sector in Singapore and workers in this industry are trained in culinary skills but not on recognition of safety and health hazards and their control measures. Anecdotal clinical evidence has suggested an increased prevalence of occupational dermatoses among restaurant workers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and risk factors for contact dermatitis and burns among restaurant, catering and fast-food outlet (FFO) staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers were interviewed and then clinical examination and patch and/or prick tests were conducted in selected individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 335 of 457 workers (73% response) were interviewed and 65 (19%) had occupational dermatitis or burns and were examined. Of these, contact dermatitis was the commonest diagnosis, with a 12-month period prevalence of 10% (35 workers) and 3-month period prevalence of 8% (26 workers). All 35 workers had irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and there were no cases of allergic contact dermatitis. The adjusted prevalence rate ratios of risk factors for ICD were 2.78 (95% CI 1.36-5.72) for frequent hand washing >20 times per day, 3.87 (95% CI 1.89-7.93) for atopy and 2.57 (95% CI 1.21-5.47) for contact with squid. The 3-month period prevalence for burns was 6% (20 workers). Ten workers had other occupational dermatoses such as work-related calluses, paronychia, heat rash and allergic contact urticaria to prawn and lobster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICD and burns are common occupational skin disorders among restaurant, catering and FFO workers.
authors.affiliation: OSH Specialist Department, Occupational Safety and Health Division, Ministry of Manpower, Singapore 059764. sylvia_teo@mom.gov.sg
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teik-Jin Goon
authors.forename: Lee Hock
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Siang
authors.forename: Gan Siok
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012147:Restaurants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult