title: Enzymatic solubilization of brewers' spent grain by combined action of carbohydrases and peptidases.
abstract: Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a high-volume coproduct from the brewing industry, primarily contains proteins, barley cell wall carbohydrates, and lignin. To create new possibilities for the exploitation of this large biomass stream, the solubilization of BSG by the combined action of carbohydrases (Depol 740 and Econase) and peptidase (Alcalase and Promod 439) was explored. Hydrolysis protocols were optimized with respect to temperature (influencing both microbial contamination and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis), pH, enzyme dose, order of enzyme addition, and processing time. On the basis of this approach, one- and two-step protocols are proposed taking 4-8 h and yielding combined or separate fractions of hydrolyzed oligosaccharides and liberated hydrolyzed protein. Optimized procedures resulted in the solubilization of >80% of the proteinaceous material, up to 39% of the total carbohydrates, and up to 42% of total dry matter in BSG. Of the original xylan present in BSG, 36% could be solubilized. Sequential and simultaneous treatments with the two enzyme types gave similar results. In sequential processes, the order of the carbohydrase and peptidase treatments had only minor effects on the outcome. Depol 740 released more pentoses than Econase and gave slightly higher overall dry matter solubilization yields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway. janneke.treimo@umb.no
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Treimo
authors.forename: Bjorge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westereng
authors.forename: Svein J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forssell
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Craig B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Faulds
authors.forename: Keith W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchert
authors.forename: Vincent G H
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Eijsink
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C019822:carbohydrase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases