title: Novel and simple behavioral paradigm for assessing anxiety in rats: effect of diazepam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anxiety is an emotional state experienced by people, and is not readily modeled in animals. In order to extend till now ethologically derived paradigms used in the evaluation of anxiety and fear in rodents, a modified open-field was designed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneous behavior of male rats was investigated in the elevated arena; the bottom was divided by inter-space of different width (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm) into two identical parts. Anxiolytic effects of diazepam (DZP) at doses 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg were investigated in the newly designed device and compared with the effects of similar doses in a large circular open-field arena.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Experiment 1 the progressive extension of the inter-space prolonged the first passing, decreased the total number of passing, and increased the inter-space sniffing in intact animals. In Experiment 2 DZP at doses 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg significantly enhanced the readiness to cross, the frequency of passing the inter-space and decreased inter-space sniffing as compared to controls. In Experiment 3 we found that DZP at doses 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg increased behavioral activity both along the perimeter and in the center of the arena, thus indicating lower level of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented modified open-field test is a useful paradigm to investigate risk assessment behavior in rats, and may provide a sensitive novel model of anxiety and fear level.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Neuropharmacology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hlinák
authors.forename: Sixtus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hynie
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krejcí
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klenerová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003975:Diazepam