title: Cost-effectiveness of immunosuppressive regimens in renal transplant recipients in Germany: a model approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The choice of immunosuppression regimen is of paramount importance for outcomes and cost of renal transplantation. We compared the cost-effectiveness of triple immunosuppressive regimens in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  A strong micro-simulation model was built comparing regimens based on cyclosporine, everolimus, sirolimus, and tacrolimus. Mean cost per patient, incremental cost per life year gained, and incremental cost per additional year with functioning graft were assessed from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI) after 2 and 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 2-year period, the model predicted mean total costs per patient of 26,732, 29,352, 33,415, and 49,978 euro for sirolimus, cyclosporine, everolimus, and tacrolimus, respectively. Focusing on the cost per life year gained, the sirolimus-based regimen compared favorably with those based on everolimus and tacrolimus. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of cyclosporine versus sirolimus is 524,000 euro per life year gained. Regarding the cost per year with functioning graft gained, sirolimus dominated cyclosporine and everolimus, while the ICER for tacrolimus compared to sirolimus amounts to 1,788,154 euro. Over the 10-year time frame, mean total costs per patient were 100,758, 108,300, 120,316, and 183,802 euro for sirolimus, cyclosporine, everolimus, and tacrolimus, respectively. With regard to life years gained, sirolimus dominated both cyclosporine and everolimus. The ICER of tacrolimus versus sirolimus was 1,766,894 euro. Considering the years with functioning graft gained, sirolimus dominated cyclosporine and everolimus, while the ICER for tacrolimus compared to sirolimus amounted to 1,339,419 euro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over both the 2-year and the 10-year time horizon, sirolimus-based immunosuppression represents a cost-effective option in renal transplantation in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. jan_steffen.juergensen@charite.de
authors.forename: Jan Steffen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jürgensen
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Arns
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hass
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068338:Everolimus; D005858:Germany; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008390:Markov Chains; D018803:Models, Economic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000068338:Everolimus; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus