title: Metabolic biomarkers related to oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Saudi autistic children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant-related parameters (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) in Saudi autistic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 autistic children (22 males and 8 females) aged 3-15 years (25/30 of these were below 8 years old), and 30 healthy children as control group were included in this study. Levels of lipid peroxides, vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione together with enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were determined in plasma while superoxide dismutase (SOD was measured in red blood cells of both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipid peroxidation was found to be significantly higher in autistic compared to control Saudi children. On the other hand, vitamin E and glutathione were remarkably lower in autistic patients while vitamin C shows non-significant lower values. Regarding the enzymatic antioxidants, both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in autistic compared to control while catalase recorded more or less similar activities in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saudi autistic children are under H(2)O(2) stress due to GSH depletion, over expression of SOD together with the unchanged catalase enzyme. This could be helpful in the early diagnosis of young autistic patients and suggesting the possibility of antioxidant supplementation for the early intervention with autistic children.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Zip code 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Gadani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Ansary
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Attas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Ayadhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014810:Vitamin E; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid