title: Schistosoma haematobium total antigen induces increased proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreases apoptosis of normal epithelial cells.
abstract: Schistosome worms are blood-dwelling flukes that cause chronic infection in more than 200 million people and are thought to be responsible for 500,000 deaths annually. During infection with Schistosoma haematobium, eggs are deposited in the mucosa and submucosa of the bladder and lower ureters. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a long-term sequela of chronic infection. The mechanisms underlying the association between S. haematobium and SCC of the bladder are largely unknown, with all reports to date exclusively demonstrating epidemiological evidence linking S. haematobium infection with SCC of the bladder. We hypothesised that the parasite antigens might induce alterations in epithelial cells towards cancer. For this we used Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and treated the cells in culture with S. haematobium total antigen (Sh). Our results showed increased proliferation, increased S-phase and decreased apoptosis, as well as down-regulation of tumour suppressor p27 and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in Sh-treated cells compared with controls. We also found increased migration and invasion. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating alterations of normal epithelial cells as a direct effect of S. haematobium antigens.
authors.affiliation: CIBP - Centre for Parasite Immunology and Biology, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal. monicabotelho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: António Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Afonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: José Manuel Correia
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth