title: Fluoroscopic and sonographic guidance to place peritoneal catheters: how we do it.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to detail a percutaneous approach to placing peritoneal catheters using sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. Fluoroscopic-assisted placement of these catheters has been previously described in the literature. We emphasize the use of additional sonographic guidance, including color Doppler sonography, to determine the safest puncture site and to guide the initial needle puncture to avoid bowel perforation and injury to the epigastric artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging-guided-that is, sonography plus fluoroscopy-percutaneous placement of peritoneal catheters is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective alternative to blind or open surgical placement. The use of sonographic guidance together with fluoroscopic assistance makes placement of peritoneal catheters a safer and effective alternative to blind or open surgical placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St. S, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830, USA. akamel@uabmc.edu
authors.forename: Ahmed K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aal
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Souheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saddekni
authors.forename: Ivan D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Maya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media