title: Cognition and mood in Parkinson's disease in subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation: the COMPARE trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to compare in a prospective blinded study the cognitive and mood effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) vs. globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two subjects were randomized to unilateral STN or GPi DBS. The co-primary outcome measures were the Visual Analog Mood Scale, and verbal fluency (semantic and letter) at 7 months post-DBS in the optimal setting compared to pre-DBS. At 7 months post-DBS, subjects were tested in four randomized/counterbalanced conditions (optimal, ventral, dorsal, and off DBS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five subjects (23 GPi, 22 STN) completed the protocol. The study revealed no difference between STN and GPi DBS in the change of co-primary mood and cognitive outcomes pre- to post-DBS in the optimal setting (Hotelling's T(2) test: p = 0.16 and 0.08 respectively). Subjects in both targets were less "happy", less "energetic" and more "confused" when stimulated ventrally. Comparison of the other 3 DBS conditions to pre-DBS showed a larger deterioration of letter verbal fluency in STN, especially when off DBS. There was no difference in UPDRS motor improvement between targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in the co-primary outcome measures (mood and cognition) between STN and GPi in the optimal DBS state. Adverse mood effects occurred ventrally in both targets. A worsening of letter verbal fluency was seen in STN. The persistence of deterioration in verbal fluency in the off STN DBS state was suggestive of a surgical rather than a stimulation-induced effect. Similar motor improvement were observed with both STN and GPi DBS.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Center, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. okun@neurology.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Hubert H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirsch-Darrow
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bova
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suelter
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Clifford W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeilman
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romrell
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Ramon L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Foote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*