title: Delirium in children with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: Delirium in children has received little attention from researchers until very recently, despite being a frequently encountered clinical problem, particularly in the context of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). In this article, we report 3 cases of severe hyperactive delirium occurring in children with advanced HIV/AIDS in the context of probable underlying HIV encephalopathy and complex drug-drug interactions. We also present a hypothesis in relation to HIV-associated delirium as a potential neuropsychiatric manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatherill
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flisher
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents