title: Forensic implication of muscle level of nicotine in an adipocere body found in the sea.
abstract: We reported previously that blood levels of nicotine in suicidal smokers tend to be significantly higher than those in non-suicidal smokers, and blood level of nicotine seems to be a useful criterion for discriminating suicide from other types of death. In this paper, we report nicotine and cotinine levels in various tissues of an adipocere body found in the sea. The cause of death was drowning, and the postmortem time interval was approximately 5 months at autopsy. His driver's license was concealed in his sock, which seemed to suggest that he committed to suicide. In toxicological analysis by gas chromatography, nicotine and cotinine in the femoral muscle were detected at concentrations of 213 and 488 ng/g, respectively, and these substances were also detected in the brain, liver and kidney. For evaluating the tissue levels of nicotine and cotinine in the adipocere body, we analyzed these levels in blood and various tissues of 13 autopsy cases of smokers. Nicotine and cotinine levels in blood were the most similar to those in skeletal muscle. Although the postmortem time interval, the formation process of adipocere and the environmental condition in water may affect nicotine and cotinine levels in the femoral muscle, the high muscle level of nicotine in the present case seem to implicate suicidal death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. hnishimura@kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furumiya
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D017377:Diatoms / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004332:Drowning / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012623:Seawater; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine