The implications of Istanbul Declaration on organ trafficking and transplant tourism.
OBJECTIVE
Organ trafficking, transplant tourism and transplant commercialism are now defined by the Declaration of Istanbul; the Declaration provides principles of practice based on those definitions. Organ trafficking and transplant tourism should be prohibited because they violate the principles of equity, justice and respect for human dignity.


RESULTS
This report provides a country-by-country description of current events that may effect the practice of transplantation internationally for the foreseeable future.


CONCLUSIONS
The implications of the Istanbul Declaration are profound. It calls for a legal and professional framework in each country to govern organ donation and transplantation activities. It calls for a transparent regulatory oversight system that ensures donor and recipient safety and enforces the prohibitions of unethical practices. Governments should ensure the provision of care and follow-up of living donors be no less than the care and attention provided for transplants recipients.
Delmonico
Francis L
FL
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplant Center Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA. francis_delmonico@neob.org
D000533:Altruism; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004644:Emotions; D037921:Gift Giving; D014943:Global Health; D033161:Government Regulation; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D009042:Motivation; D028701:Patient Rights; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014195:Travel; D014421:Turkey; D014850:Waiting Lists