title: Selective modulation of intracortical inhibition by low-intensity Theta Burst Stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm which has effects on both excitatory and inhibitory intracortical pathways when applied at an intensity of 80% of active motor threshold. As intracortical inhibitory pathways have a lower threshold for activation than excitatory pathways, we sought to determine whether it was possible to selectively target cortical inhibitory circuitry by reducing the intensity of TBS to 70% of active motor threshold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor evoked potentials (MEPs), short latency intracortical facilitation (SICF), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured at baseline, 5-20 and 20-35 min following continuous (cTBS) and intermittent (iTBS) low-intensity TBS in nine healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-intensity cTBS significantly reduced SICI 5-20 min following stimulation, whilst having no effect on MEPs, SICF or ICF. Low-intensity iTBS had no effect on SICI, MEPs, SICF or ICF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to selectively target intracortical inhibitory networks for modulation by low-intensity TBS, however, responses may critically depend upon the particular paradigm chosen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings have important implications for the treatment of neurological disorders where abnormal levels of intracortical inhibition are present, such as Parkinson's disease and focal hand dystonia and requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Human Movement Control, Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ridding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult