title: Impact of obesity on the left ventricular functions and morphology of healthy Asian Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the impact of obesity on alteration of left ventricular (LV) functions and morphology in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive, and normo-lipidemic obese Asian Indians. A total of 239 consecutive Asian Indians (175 males and 64 females, ages 17-64 years) were divided into obese and nonobese groups based on body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio (W-HR), and percentage of body fat (%BF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometry (BMI, W-HR), %BF, and two-dimensional echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were performed for all the subjects. The unpaired t-test was applied after matching age and gender in all the comparison groups. Nonobese subjects acted as controls for the obese subjects (cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese subjects had a larger LV end-diastolic diameter (P < 0.001), LV end-systolic diameter (P < 0.001), and LV mass (P < 0.001) as compared to the nonobese subjects. Subclinical systolic dysfunction was apparent in obese subjects only on TDI in the form of reduced systolic mitral annular velocity (P = 0.009). Diastolic dysfunction, as suggested by a lower ratio of early to late transmitral ventricular filling velocity (E/A), lower early to late (Em/Am) diastolic mitral annular velocity, and a higher E/Em ratio (P < 0.001, p = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), was noted in the obese cohort. In addition, the left atrial diameter (P < 0.001) was also increased in obese subjects. Alteration of LV morphology and function correlated with the anthropometric variables BMI, W-HR, and %BF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asian Indians with uncomplicated obesity (without associated co-morbidities) had significant morphological and functional cardiac dysfunction (systolic and diastolic), which correlated with anthropometric variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Air Force Central Medical Establishment, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Davinder S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kashish
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Ravindra M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondal
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ganjoo
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009765:Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult