title: Peripheral arterial disease and osteoporosis in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  We examined the association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and bone health in 1,332 adults. We found a weak association between PAD and osteoporosis and bone loss only in women, but the association was not independent of age. PAD was not associated with fractures in this community-based population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Increased rates of osteoporosis have been reported in patients with cardiovascular disease, suggesting a link between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association between PAD and bone health in 1,332 adults who attended a research visit in 1992-1996, when the ankle-brachial index (ABI), bone mineral density (BMD), and spine X-rays were obtained. A total of 837 participants attended a follow-up visit in 1997-2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAD defined by an ABI < or = 0.90 was present in 15.4% of the women and 13.3% of the men. Prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in women with PAD compared to women without PAD (p < 0.05). During an average 4-year follow-up, women with PAD had a significantly higher rate of bone loss than women without PAD (p = 0.05). The associations were no longer significant after age adjustment. In men, PAD was not associated with osteoporosis, but men with PAD had lower BMD at the femoral neck than men without PAD (p = 0.03). PAD was not associated with osteoporotic fractures in either sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a weak and age-dependent association between PAD and osteoporosis in women but not men. PAD was not associated with fractures in this community-based population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA. dvonmuhlen@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Mühlen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jassal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors