title: Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of hearing, cognitive, and motor impairments in newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this phase 2, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial, we evaluated a vaccine consisting of recombinant CMV envelope glycoprotein B with MF59 adjuvant, as compared with placebo. Three doses of the CMV vaccine or placebo were given at 0, 1, and 6 months to CMV-seronegative women within 1 year after they had given birth. We tested for CMV infection in the women in quarterly tests during a 42-month period, using an assay for IgG antibodies against CMV proteins other than glycoprotein B. Infection was confirmed by virus culture or immunoblotting. The primary end point was the time until the detection of CMV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomly assigned 234 subjects to receive the CMV vaccine and 230 subjects to receive placebo. A scheduled interim analysis led to a stopping recommendation because of vaccine efficacy. After a minimum of 1 year of follow-up, there were 49 confirmed infections, 18 in the vaccine group and 31 in the placebo group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the vaccine group was more likely to remain uninfected during a 42-month period than the placebo group (P=0.02). Vaccine efficacy was 50% (95% confidence interval, 7 to 73) on the basis of infection rates per 100 person-years. One congenital infection among infants of the subjects occurred in the vaccine group, and three infections occurred in the placebo group. There were more local reactions (pain, erythema, induration, and warmth) and systemic reactions (chills, arthralgias, and myalgias) in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV glycoprotein B vaccine has the potential to decrease incident cases of maternal and congenital CMV infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00125502.)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35233, USA. rpass@peds.uab.edu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pass
authors.forename: Changpin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Meei-Li
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Janie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: Gretchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cloud
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022482:Cytomegalovirus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D011136:Polysorbates; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013185:Squalene; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022482:Cytomegalovirus Vaccines; C089950:MF59 oil emulsion; D011136:Polysorbates; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C040495:glycoprotein B, Simplexvirus; D013185:Squalene