School opportunities and physical activity frequency in nine year old children.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between physical activity (PA) opportunities at school and participation in PA outside of school physical education (PE) classes among 9 year old children.


METHODS
Data were obtained in a representative sample of 1 267 students nested within 69 schools who completed questionnaires; principals provided data on schools. Students' PA frequency was defined as all reported episodes of past week PA, excluding PE class. Schools were categorized as "high-opportunity" if they provided > or = 4 of the following opportunities: PE class > or = 2 times/week, extracurricular sports animator, gymnasium, swimming pool, schoolyard equipped for games, and > or = 1 outdoor sports playing fields. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to investigate the association between school-level PA opportunity and student-level PA frequency.


RESULTS
No main effect of school-level PA opportunities on PA frequency was observed. However, overweight boys attending high-opportunity schools were significantly more active than those attending low-opportunity schools.


CONCLUSIONS
The association between PA frequency and school-level PA opportunity differs by sex and weight status. Overweight boys in particular may benefit from health promotion strategies providing greater opportunities for school PA.
Barnett
Tracie A
TA
Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada. ta.barnett@umontreal.ca
O'Loughlin
Jennifer L
JL
Gauvin
Lise
L
Paradis
Gilles
G
Hanley
James
J
McGrath
Jennifer J
JJ
Lambert
Marie
M
D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011792:Quebec; D012572:School Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019876:Sports Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires