title: [Role of TLR-dependent and independent pathways in autoimmunity].
abstract: Innate immune system senses invading pathogens through their molecular patterns and elicits pleiotropic immune responses including production of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation. However, the system could sense host endogenous molecules and elicits immune response against self resulting into autoimmunity. In this regard, Toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently identified TLR-independent pathways are revealed also to have roles in autoimmunity as well as TLR. Innate recognition of intracellular DNA, of which receptor is still unknown, is involved in several autoimmune diseases through its endogenous ligand. Moreover, Nod-like receptors play important role in chronic inflammatory diseases like gout and Crohn's disease. In this review, the authors described the role of innate recognition system in autoimmunity, emphasizing on their molecular mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D004247:DNA