title: Attenuated muscle regeneration is a key factor in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy.
abstract: Skeletal muscle requires an efficient and active membrane repair system to overcome the rigours of frequent contraction. Dysferlin is a component of that system and absence of dysferlin causes muscular dystrophy (dysferlinopathy) characterized by adult onset muscle weakness, high serum creatine kinase levels and a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. We have observed that dysferlinopathy patient biopsies show an excess of immature fibres and therefore investigated the role of dysferlin in muscle regeneration. Using notexin-induced muscle damage, we have shown that regeneration is attenuated in a mouse model of dysferlinopathy, with delayed removal of necrotic fibres, an extended inflammatory phase and delayed functional recovery. Satellite cell activation and myoblast fusion appear normal, but there is a reduction in early neutrophil recruitment in regenerating and also needle wounded muscle in dysferlin-deficient mice. Primary mouse dysferlinopathy myoblast cultures show reduced cytokine release upon stimulation, indicating that the secretion of chemotactic molecules is impaired. We suggest an extension to the muscle membrane repair model, where in addition to fusing patch repair vesicles with the sarcolemma dysferlin is also involved in the release of chemotactic agents. Reduced neutrophil recruitment results in incomplete cycles of regeneration in dysferlinopathy which combines with the membrane repair deficit to ultimately trigger dystrophic pathology. This study reveals a novel pathomechanism affecting muscle regeneration and maintenance in dysferlinopathy and highlights enhancement of the neutrophil response as a potential therapeutic avenue in these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Yen-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hornsey
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klinge
authors.forename: Louise H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Laval
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barresi
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: Hanns
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochmüller
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bushby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000073939:Dysferlin; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C114839:DYSF protein, human; C497505:Dysf protein, mouse; D000073939:Dysferlin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins