title: Small breast cancers: in vivo percutaneous US-guided radiofrequency ablation with dedicated cool-tip radiofrequency system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in vivo the efficacy of a newly developed breast radiofrequency (RF) ablation system in human small invasive breast carcinomas in terms of induction of complete tumor necrosis, reproducibility of ablation lesion size and shape, and cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study had institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Thirty-four postmenopausal women (mean age, 53 years +/- 5 [standard deviation]; range, 49-62 years) with small (< or = 2 cm) biopsy-proved invasive ductal breast carcinomas were enrolled. RF energy was delivered through a 25-mm 15-gauge monopolar cool-tip needle electrode by using the temperature-controlled mode. Patients were divided into three groups according to their breast pattern as assessed at mammography. The volumetric size and geometry of the coagulation zone, together with ablation time, were determined. Histopathologic data were compared with postprocedural 3.0-T contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. Cosmesis after RF ablation was assessed. Four weeks after RF ablation, patients underwent definitive surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ablation procedures were performed successfully. For 97% of the procedures, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its reduced form-diaphorase staining showed no evidence of viable cells. The mean induced ablation volume, as assessed with histologic analysis, was 12.50 cm(3) +/- 0.8. Tumor ablation volume on the postablation MR images showed good correlation with results of histopathologic analysis (r = 0.823, P < .005). No differences were observed in terms of duration of the procedure or ablation volume with respect to the glandular pattern of the breast (P > .05 for both). The general shape of the induced necrosis was close to a sphere in all cases. Cosmesis was excellent in 28 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dedicated breast cool-tip RF ablation system can induce complete tumor necrosis and reproducible ablation volumes independently of breast glandular pattern, providing excellent cosmesis. Postablation MR images are a reliable tool in predicting histologic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Radiation Therapy and Interventional Radiology, General Surgery Division, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy. guggi@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manenti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bolacchi
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perretta
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cossu
authors.forename: Chiara A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pistolese
authors.forename: Oreste C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Buonomo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*