title: Molecular cloning and oxidative modification of human lens ALDH1A1: implication in impaired detoxification of lipid aldehydes.
abstract: Earlier studies showed that human lens ALDH1A1 plays a critical role in protection against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), and opacification of rat and mouse lens. The complete coding sequence of ALDH1A1 was cloned from human lens cDNA library by using PCR methods and expressed it in Escherichia coli. The cloned human lens ALDH1A1 cDNA encodes a 501-amino-acid protein (molecular mass = 54.8 kD) that is 100% identical to human liver ALDH1A1 and shares significant identity with the same isozyme from other tissues and species. The purified recombinant human lens ALDH1A1 exhibited optimal catalytic activity at pH 8 and preferred NAD(+) as cofactor and specifically catalyzed the oxidation of toxic lipid aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE; K(m) = 4.8 microM) and malonaldehyde (K(m) MDA = 3.5 microM). Citral, disulfiram, and cyanamide were found to inhibit human lens ALDH1A1 at IC50 values of 55, 101, and 22610 microM, respectively, whereas diethylstilbestrol (DES) was found to be an activator (EC(50), 1.3 microM). Further, modification of recombinant human lens ALDH1A1 with nitric oxide donors such as S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. It therefore appears that activation of ALDH1A1, which efficiently catalyzes the detoxification of lipid-derived toxic aldehydes, and/or prevention of its oxidative modification may be novel therapeutic interventions against oxidative stress-induced lens pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0647, USA.
authors.forename: Tianlin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoeb
authors.forename: M Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kota V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Ramana
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasiliou
authors.forename: Naseem H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D002386:Cataract / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000201:enzymology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase