title: Presumed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease with unilateral ocular involvement: report of three cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report three cases of presumed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease with unilateral ocular manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study reviewed the long-term follow-up observations of three patients who attended the uveitis clinic at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. The patients were followed for 5-16 years with systemic clinical, ophthalmologic and laboratory examinations. Ophthalmoscopic findings, extraocular manifestations, visual acuity, and response to corticosteroid administration were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients had characteristic clinical features of VKH involving only one eye, including diffuse choroiditis, serous retinal detachment, focal areas of delayed choroidal perfusion, multifocal areas of pinpoint leakage, macular oedema, and optic nerve staining. All patients received systemic corticosteroid therapy during the acute phase of the disease. During the follow-up period (5-16 years), all three patients developed sunset-glow fundus and nummular chorioretinal depigmented scars in the affected eye only, as well as systemic complications of deafness, vitiligo, and poliosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and laboratory features of all three patients were typical of VKH disease except for the unilateral involvement. It is important for ophthalmologists to recognize unilateral VKH disease, even though it is a rare clinical variant of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishihinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. usuyoshi@ff.iij4u.or.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Narsing A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone