Airborne chloronaphthalenes in Scots pine needles of Poland.
The amounts, profiles and origin of CNs (from triCNs to octaCN) sequestered in Scots pine needles collected from 25 spatially distant sites in Poland have been studied based on congener-specific data obtained after a several clean-up and fractionation steps and final HRGC/HRMS separation and determination. The absolute concentrations of CNs varied largely from site to site, i.e., by 15-fold. The sum of tri- to octaCN concentration at fifteen of the least contaminated sites ranged from 70 to 280 pg g(-1) ww, and at further eight sites were from 340 to 540 pg g(-1) ww, while at two the most contaminated were 1000 and 1100 pg g(-1)ww. There were some substantial similarities but also variations in triCN to octaCN homologue group profiles depending on the site. Among triCNs the isomers such as 1,2,4-/1,3,7-/1,4,6-triCNs (nos. 14/21/24) dominate in Scots pine needles. For majority of the sites examined 1,2,4-/1,3,7-/1,4,6-triCNs are also the major contributors to the bulk of CNs determined. Among tetraCNs isomer 1,2,5,8-tetraCN (no. 38) was dominant contributor at eighteen sites, while 1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,7-/1,2,5,7-tetraCN (nos. 33/34/37) at seven other sites. In the case of pentaCNs isomer 1,2,4,5,8-pentaCN (no. 59), was dominant contributor alone. Octachloronaphthalene frequently contributed substantially to the bulk of CNs. The Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis did indicate that the compositional profiles of CNs found in Scots pine needles resemble somehow these found in the bottom ashes after coke and coal burning as well as of Halowax 1000 and 1099 formulations.
Orlikowska
Anna
A
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology and Food Toxicology, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str., PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland. anna.orlikowska@io-warnemuende.de
Hanari
Nobuyasu
N
Wyrzykowska
Barbara
B
Bochentin
Ilona
I
Horii
Yuichi
Y
Yamashita
Nobuyoshi
N
Falandysz
Jerzy
J
D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041605:Pinus sylvestris / Q000737:chemistry*; D011044:Poland; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C032730:octachloronaphthalene