title: Prognostic parameters, complications, and oncologic and functional outcome of salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after 21st-century radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) is a second local treatment with curative intent in patients with true organ-confined recurrent PCa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated preoperative prognostic risk factors to predict organ-confined, locally recurrent PCa after primary radiotherapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five men with biopsy-proven, locally recurrent PCa underwent SRP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or low- or high-dose brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score prior to RT and SRP, PSA nadir, time to recurrence, PSA doubling time (PSA DT), PSA prior to surgery, and pathohistology of the SRP specimen were analysed to predict organ-confined recurrent disease. Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty (72.7%) and 15 (27.3%) patients demonstrated organ-confined and locally advanced PCa, respectively. Eleven patients (20%) and seven patients (12.7%) had lymph node metastases and positive surgical margins (PSM), respectively. On multivariate analysis, biopsy Gleason score prior to SRP (p=0.02), <50% positive biopsy cores (p=0.001), PSA DT >12 mo (p=0.001), and low-dose brachytherapy (p=0.001) were significant predictors of organ-confined PCa with negative surgical margins (NSM). Limitations of the study are its retrospective nature and the relatively low number of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRP is a surgically challenging but effective secondary local treatment of radiorecurrent PCa with curative intent. The identified predictive parameters will help to select patients most suitable for SRP with long-term cure and good functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany. aheidenreich@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thüer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfister
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome