title: Immobilising of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated arable soils close to a former Pb/Zn smelter: a field study in Austria over 5 years.
abstract: Numerous smelter sites are surrounded by rural land. The entrance of non-essential metals such as lead or cadmium into the food chain is very likely as well as phytotoxicity effects of zinc. Finding a realistic solution for these large-scale contaminations was one aim of this study. Previous results from pot experiments showed a high potential for the reduction of metals entering the food chain via crops grown on smelter-contaminated soils from Arnoldstein, Austria, by the use of amendments for immobilisation. A further aim was to optimise a field experiment for overcoming the gap between pot and field experiments and to look for long-term efficiency of the treatments [lime (CA), red mud (RM), gravel sludge + red mud (GS + RM)]. Field experiment results were obtained for 5 years. Besides soil and soil pore water samples, the following harvests were yielded: spring barley (Hordeum distichon ssp. L.) (2004-2005), narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) (2006-2007) and velvet grass (Holcus lanatus L.) (2007-2008). The long-term efficiency of GS + RM led us to conclude that their application seems to be a realistic and practical measure for extensively contaminated land, best in combination with metal excluding cultivars.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources & Technologies, Austrian Research Centers GmbH - ARC, Seibersdorf, Austria. wolfgang.friesl@arcs.ac.at
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Friesl-Hanl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Platzer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gerzabek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001317:Austria; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008669:Metallurgy; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc