title: [Diagnosis of fungal pneumonia in the thoracic CT].
abstract: The importance of fungal infection of the lung in immunocompromised patients has increased substantially during the last decades. Numerically the most patients are those with neutropenia, e.g., patients with malignancies or solid organ and stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, corticosteroid use and HIV infection. Although fungal infections can occur in immunocompetent patients, their frequency in this population is rare. The clinical symptoms such as fever accompanied with non-productive cough are unspecific. In some patients progression to hypoxemia and dyspnea may occur rapidly. In spite of improved antifungal therapy morbidity and mortality of these infections are still high. Therefore an early and non-invasive diagnosis is very important. That is why CT and even better High-Resolution-CT (HR-CT) is a very important modality in examining immunocompromised patients with a probability of fungal infection. CT is everywhere available and, as a non-invasive method, able to give the relevant diagnose efficiently. This paper should give an overview about the radiologic findings and possible differential diagnosis of diverse pulmonary fungal infections in CT. Pneumonias caused by Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Histoplasma, Mucor and Geotrichum capitatum are illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nirnberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen. Martina.Heckmann@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uder
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bautz
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult