title: Measurement of anterior loop length for the mandibular canal and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal to avoid nerve damage when installing endosseous implants in the interforaminal region: a second attempt introducing cone beam computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the anterior loop length (ALL) for the mandibular canal and the mandibular incisive canal diameter (ICD) at its origin in cadavers using anatomy and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to safely install endosseous implants in the most distal area of the interforaminal region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ALL and ICD were measured using CBCT in 4 cadavers, and using anatomy in 71 cadavers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ranges and mean +/- SD for the anatomic measurements were: ALL, 0.0 to 9.0 mm and 1.9 +/- 1.7 mm; ICD, 1.0 to 6.6 mm and 2.8 +/- 1.0 mm. The average discrepancies between CBCT and anatomic measurements were 0.06 mm or less for both the ALL and the ICD, which were less than the resolution of CBCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because large variations in measurements were observed, both for ALL and ICD, no fixed distance mesially from the mental foramen should be considered safe. The ALL and the ICD can be estimated from the CBCT measurement. The preoperative CBCT measurement yields important information for each case.
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan. 1672219701@jcom.home.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanihara
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takamori
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yosue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic