title: Temporal discrepancies in the association between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and mortality in incident dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the general population, a high apoB/apoA-I ratio is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, whether this is the case in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is currently unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The apoB/apoA-I ratio was evaluated in 391 incident CKD stage 5 patients examined close to dialysis initiation, and again after 1 year of dialysis in a subgroup of 182 patients, subsequently followed for up to 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline values of the apoB/apoA-I ratio as well as changes in the ratio during the first year of dialysis correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass. The baseline apoB/apoA-I ratio showed no association with 4-year mortality. However, after adjustment for confounders, a high apoB/apoA-I ratio (>0.9) predicted short-term (first year) survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.85)] and long-term (next 3 years) mortality (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.01-2.96). An increase in the apoB/apoA-I ratio during the first year of dialysis was linked to a survival advantage thereafter (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22-0.98). However, this association lost its significance (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.26-1.36) after adjustment for indices of protein-energy wasting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high apoB/apoA-I ratio and an increase in this ratio during the first year on dialysis were associated with short-term survival advantage in CKD patients. This paradoxical relationship represents an example of the so-called reverse epidemiology phenomenon in CKD patients and suggests that the apoB/apoA-I ratio should always be interpreted with caution in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. chmiel@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chmielewski
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heimbürger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bárány
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenvinkel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers