title: The role of AA sponsors: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the roles of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) sponsors and to describe the characteristics of a sample of sponsors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight AA sponsors, recruited using a purposive sampling method, were administered an unstructured qualitative interview and standardized questionnaires. The measurements included: a content analysis of sponsors' responses; Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire-Community version (SADQ-C) and Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale (AAAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample characteristics were as follows: the median length of AA attendance was 9.5 years (range 5-28); the median length of sobriety was 11 years (range 4.5-28); the median number of sponsees per sponsor was 1 but there was a wide range (0-17, interquartile range 3.75); and the sponsors were highly affiliated to AA (median AAAS score 8.75, range 5.5-8.75, maximum possible score 9). Past alcohol dependence scores were surprisingly low: 5 (18%) sponsors had mild, 14 (50%) moderate and 9 (32%) severe dependence according to the SADQ-C (median 26.5, range 11-56). Sponsorship roles were as follows: 16 roles were identified through the initial content analysis. These were distilled into three super-ordinate roles through a thematic analysis: (1) encouraging sponsees to work the programme of AA (doing the 12 steps and engaging in AA activity); (2) support (regular contact, emotional support and practical support); and (3) carrying the message of AA (sharing sponsor's personal experience of recovery with sponsees).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The roles identified broadly corresponded with the AA literature delineating the duties of a sponsor. This non-random sample of sponsors was highly engaged in AA activity but only had a past history of moderate alcohol dependence.
authors.affiliation: Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, North Westminster Older Adults Community Mental Health Team, Latimer House, 40 Hanson Street, London W1W6UL, UK. paul.whelan@nhs.net
authors.forename: Paul J P
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humphreys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000436:Alcoholics Anonymous / Q000458:organization & administration*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001290:Attitude; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires