title: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a single-center study of 101 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a devastating side effect of long-term bisphosphonate (BP) use. We present the largest case series from a single department.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case series included 101 ONJ patients. Data on demographics, medical background, type and duration of BP use, possible triggering events, mode of therapy, and outcome were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ONJ was associated with intravenous BPs in 85 patients and with oral BPs in 16 patients. It was diagnosed after 48, 27, and 67 months of pamidronate, zoledronic acid, and alendronate use, respectively. Long-term antibiotics and minimal surgical procedures resulted in complete or partial healing in 18% and 52% of the patients, respectively; 30% had no response. There was no association between ONJ and diabetes, steroid and antiangiogenic treatment, or underlying periodontal disease. Diagnostic biopsies aggravated lesions without being informative about pathogenesis. A conservative regimen is our treatment of choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solutions for decreasing morbidity and poor outcome of ONJ remain elusive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Towy Sorel
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lazarovici
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yahalom
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taicher
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elad
authors.forename: Izhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hardan
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yarom
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077268:Pamidronate; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D000077268:Pamidronate; D019386:Alendronate