title: Staff variables associated with the challenging behaviour of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has identified that staff-client interactions play an important role in the origin and maintenance of challenging behaviour. Particularly, the reciprocity between staff behaviour and client behaviour has been considered a key issue. Furthermore, severe challenging behaviour has been found to elicit negative emotional reactions from staff which in turn may influence staff's behaviour. Another variable that has been associated with staff behaviour are staff's attributions regarding clients' challenging behaviour. The present study tested several hypotheses about associations between staff variables and challenging behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were used to investigate associations between the attributions, emotional reactions and behavioural reactions of 51 staff members towards challenging behaviour of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities who displayed self-injurious behaviour, stereotyped behaviour and/or aggressive/destructive behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staff members reported that reactions to challenging behaviour differed according to the type of challenging behaviour. Negative emotional reactions were positively associated with challenging behaviour. Associations between emotional reactions, staff beliefs and staff reactions were inconsistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that there is a need to look for a better conceptualization and assessment of the variables under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Belgium. greet.lambrechts@ped.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuppens
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012112:Residential Facilities; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult