title: Lung cavitation due to Mycobacterium xenopi in a renal transplant recipient.
abstract: Mycobacterium xenopi is an unusual pathogen and few such cases have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a patient with a sirolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen, who developed lung cavitation. M. xenopi was isolated from the sputum. The patient was treated initially with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide; levofloxacin was added to the treatment regimen after M. xenopi was demonstrated. A possible relationship between sirolimus and M. xenopi infection has been postulated, probably due to the combination of pulmonary toxicity and cellular immunosuppression of rapamycin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla Santander, Santander (Cantabria), Spain. luismartinpenagos@hotmail.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martín-Penagos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ruíz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agüero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Mazarrasa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piñera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D019912:Mycobacterium xenopi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus