title: Natural radioactivity of 226Ra and 228Ra in thermal and mineral waters in Croatia.
abstract: Thermal waters are known as valuable natural resources of a country. They contain certain degree of natural radioactivity attributable to the elements of the uranium and thorium natural decay series. Among these elements, the most radiotoxic and the most important is radium that exists in several isotopic forms (226Ra and 228Ra). The focus of attention was the content of radium in samples of thermal and mineral spring water from several spas in Croatia. These waters are mainly used for medical, bathing and recreational purposes, and some of them are used for drinking. Measured activity concentrations of 226Ra ranged from 87 to 6200 mBq l(-1) which, in some springs, exceed the maximal permissible level of 1 Bq l(-1) for drinking water. Measured activity concentrations of 228Ra ranged from 23 to 3480 mBq l(-1). The study showed that radium content for the investigated thermal and mineral waters is below the levels at which negative consequences would arise due to ingestion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Radiation Protection Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia. tbituh@imi.hr
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bituh
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marovic
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrinec
authors.forename: Jasminka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sencar
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franulovic
mesh_terms: D001417:Background Radiation; D017523:Croatia; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000737:chemistry*; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008900:Mineral Waters; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011886:Radon