title: [Comorbidities and behavioral problems in children with functional articulation disorder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidences of comorbidities and behavioral problems in children with functional articulation disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve children with functional articulation disorders (aged 4-11 years) were enrolled. Their comorbidities were identified based on clinical investigations and the DSM-IV diagnosis criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stuttering, tic disorders and enuresis. Behavioral problems were evaluated by the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients (61.6%) had one or more comorbidities. The incidence of comorbidity in children with middle-severe functional articulation disorders was higher than in those with mild disorders. The most common comorbidity was language impairment (30.4%), followed by stuttering (16.1%), enuresis (13.4%), and tic disorders (6.3%). In school age children, ADHD (47.5%) was the most common comorbidity. The incidence of behavioral problems was 40.2% by the Child Behavior Checklist and 57.1% by the Parent Symptom Questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The children with functional articulation disorders have high incidence of comorbidity and many behavioral problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ya-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004775:Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male