title: The EGF/CSF-1 paracrine invasion loop can be triggered by heregulin beta1 and CXCL12.
abstract: An important step in the process of metastasis from the primary tumor is invasive spread into the surrounding stroma. Using an in vivo invasion assay, we have previously shown that imposed gradients of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) can induce invasion through an EGF/CSF-1 paracrine loop between cancer cells and macrophages. We now report that invasion induced by other ligands also relies on this EGF/CSF-1 paracrine invasive loop. Using an in vivo invasion assay, we show that MTLn3 breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB3 exhibit enhanced invasion compared with control MTLn3 cells in response to the ErbB3 ligand HRG-beta1. The invasive response of both MTLn3-ErbB3 and transgenic MMTV-Neu tumors to HRG-beta1 is inhibited by blocking EGF receptor, CSF-1 receptor, or macrophage function, indicating that invasiveness to HRG-beta1 is dependent on the EGF/CSF-1 paracrine loop. Furthermore, we show that CXCL12 also triggers in vivo invasion of transgenic MMTV-PyMT tumors in an EGF/CSF-1-dependent manner. Although the invasion induced by HRG-beta1 or CXCL12 is dependent on the EGF/CSF-1 paracrine loop, invasion induced by EGF is not dependent on HRG-beta1 or CXCL12 signaling, showing an asymmetrical relationship between different ligand/receptor systems in driving invasion. Our results identify a stromal/tumor interaction that acts as an engine underlying invasion induced by multiple ligands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10801, USA.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.forename: Dmitriy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kedrin
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wyckoff
authors.forename: Liyin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: E Richard
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Rooijen
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Segall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D020890:Neuregulin-1; C087230:heregulin beta1; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3