title: Laparoscopic splenorenal venous bypass for nutcracker syndrome.
abstract: Nutcracker syndrome is a rare entity caused by extrinsic compression on the left renal vein as it crosses between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. It can clinically present with flank pain and hematuria. Accepted treatments include open vascular bypass procedures or endoluminal stenting. We present the first description, to our knowledge, of a laparoscopic splenic vein-left renal vein bypass to relieve the outflow obstruction. The patient, a 29-year-old woman with debilitating left flank pain, presented with nutcracker syndrome. Left renal vein outflow was obstructed at the level of the intersection between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The option of laparoscopic splenic to left renal vein bypass was discussed and performed. A five-port transperitoneal approach was used. Meticulous vascular control was achieved with numerous laparoscopic vascular bulldog clamps. With completely intracorporeal suturing techniques, the splenic vein was anastomosed to the superior aspect of the anterior left renal vein. Total warm ischemia time was 37 minutes. The anastomosis was watertight immediately upon unclamping. Interestingly, upon unclamping, the luminal diameter of the splenic vein appeared to increase to twice its native diameter. The proximal left renal vein appeared less distended, indicating preferential venous outflow through the newly created venous bypass. Blood loss was minimal, no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, and the patient's symptoms improved. This report continues to augment the indications for laparoscopic surgery in even complex, urologic vascular situations.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Inderbir S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010690:Phlebography; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013162:Splenic Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures