title: Public drug plan coverage for children across Canada: a portrait of too many colours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As debate continues regarding pharmacare in Canada, little discussion has addressed appropriate drug plan coverage for vulnerable populations, such as children. The primary objective of this study was to determine the extent of medication coverage for children in publicly administered programs in each province across Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on provincial, territorial and federal government drug plans, and 2003 formulary updates were obtained. A simulation model was constructed to demonstrate costs to a low-income family with an asthmatic child in each province. Programs were compared descriptively. The extent of interprovincial variation in 2003 formulary approvals was summarized statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was 39% variation between provinces with respect to 2003 formulary approvals (chi-square p < 0.0001) and 48% variation for 2003 paediatric-labelled products (chi-square p < 0.0001). Across Canada, only 8% of 2003 formulary approvals were indicated primarily for paediatric conditions. In the simulation model, costs were less than or equal to 3% of household income in provinces with plans for low-income families, catastrophic costs (Ontario) or for the population. Families who failed to qualify for low income plans or who resided in New Brunswick or Newfoundland faced costs up to 7% of household income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With regard to pharmaceutical benefits for children, provincial drug programs vary considerably in terms of whom they cover, what drugs are covered and how much subscribers must pay out of pocket. Unlike seniors and social assistance recipients, the provinces do not agree on the importance of providing comprehensive coverage for all children. For many Canadian children, significant financial barriers exist to medication access.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. wendy.ungar@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ungar
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witkos