title: Mechanical properties of the Schneiderian membrane in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perforation of the Schneiderian membrane (maxillary sinus mucosa) is a common complication of maxillary sinus graft procedures. Membrane perforation increases the chance of postoperative sinusitis and endangers graft as well as implant survival. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanical properties of the Schneiderian membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three test methods were performed on sinus specimen of 20 fresh human cadavers: one- and two-dimensional membrane elongation as far as perforation, as well as membrane detachment from the adherent bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perforation of the Schneiderian membrane (mean thickness: 90 mum) occurred at a mean tension of 7.3 N/mm(2). The membrane could be stretched to 132.6% of its original size in one-dimensional elongation, and to 124.7% in two-dimensional elongation. Thicker membranes demonstrated significantly higher load limits (P<0.001). The mean modulus of elasticity accounted 0.058 GPa, the mean adhesion force between sinus membrane and bone surface was 0.05 N/mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respecting the mechanical properties of the Schneiderian membrane may help reducing the complication rates and thus patient morbidity in minimally invasive maxillary sinus floor elevation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. bernhard.pommer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sütö
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watzek
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D008443:Maxillary Sinus; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical