title: New Species of Cyst Nematode Heterodera pakistanensis (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) Attacking Wheat in Pakistan.
abstract: Heterodera pakistanensis n. sp., described and illustrated from roots of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) from Sukkur, Sind, Pakistan, belongs to the goettingiana group. It is most closely related to H. cyperi Golden, Rau &Cobb, 1962, H. raskii Basnet & Jayaprakash, 1984, and H. mothi Khan &Husain, 1965. Second-stage juveniles (J2) can be distinguished from H. cyperi J2 by an areolated lateral field with four incisures and shorter stylet, whereas cysts are separated by a more elongated vulva slit and the conspicuous structure of the underbridge. It differs from H. raskii by having four areolated lateral lines in J2, smaller female lemon-shaped cyst, shorter fenestra length and width, conspicuous underbridge, and distinct anus with a high cuticular pattern 40-45 mum from posterior end. It also differs from H. mothi by the presence of four areolated lateral lines in J2 and absence of vulva denticles and bullae.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maqbool
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahina