title: Exposure to sexual lyrics and sexual experience among urban adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two thirds of all sexual references in music are degrading in nature, yet it remains uncertain whether these references promote earlier sexual activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex in popular music is independently associated with sexual behavior in a cohort of urban adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  All ninth-grade health students at three large urban high schools completed in-school surveys in 2006 and 2007. Participants' exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex was computed with overall music exposure and content analyses of their favorite artists' songs. Outcomes included sexual intercourse and progression along a noncoital sexual continuum. Multivariable regression was used to assess independent associations between exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 711 participants were exposed to 14.7 hours each week of songs with lyrics describing degrading sex (SD=17.0). Almost one third of participants (n=216) had previously been sexually active. Compared to those with the least exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex, those with the most exposure were more than twice as likely to have had sexual intercourse (OR=2.07; 95% CI=1.26, 3.41), even after adjusting for all covariates. Similarly, among those who had not had sexual intercourse, those in the highest tertile of exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex were nearly twice as likely to have progressed along a noncoital sexual continuum (OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.23, 2.88) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Finally, the relationships between exposure to lyrics describing nondegrading sex and sexual outcomes were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports an association between exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex in popular music and early sexual experience among adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Primack
authors.forename: Erika L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Madeline A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dalton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*