title: One size does not fit all: motivational predictors of contextual benefits of therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A common sense view in psychotherapy holds that there are individual differences in response to different treatments. However, despite considerable effort, no clear rationale exists to guide the selection of therapy for individual patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Rather than focusing on specific components of therapy as a basis to predict interactions between patients and treatments, we draw on motivational concordance theory and a contextual model of psychotherapy to test whether, in an analogue study, perceived effectiveness of different therapy vignettes is related to human values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples (undergraduates and members of the public) read short vignettes, informed by six therapies for depression (cognitive behaviour therapy, client-centred therapy, antidepressant medication, existential psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and a complementary medicine: Bach flower essences), provided ratings of perceived effectiveness, and completed questionnaire measures of dispositional motivations (Schwartz Values Scale and the Spiritual Connection Questionnaire-14). Responses were analysed using multidimensional scaling (MDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both samples, expectancy for the cognitive behavioural-informed vignette was related to Self-direction and Stimulation, and was opposed to Tradition, Conformity and Security. Expectancies for the Drug vignette were associated with Power and Security.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People perceive therapies as more effective if the therapy is congruent with their values. These preliminary data suggest motivational concordance is a useful framework for predicting client-treatment interactions.
authors.affiliation: University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hyland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010465:Perception; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012945:Social Values; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents