title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester accumulates beta-catenin through GSK-3beta and participates in proliferation through mTOR in C2C12 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to characterize the roles of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the skeletal muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immunoblotting assay using various phosphorylation specific antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CAPE induces rapid and transient phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. CAPE also decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, ultimately leading to beta-catenin accumulation. In addition, we demonstrated that CAPE activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-p70 S6 ribosomal kinase (S6K) and also stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The inhibition of mTOR blocked CAPE-induced ERK phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CAPE may act through beta-catenin accumulation via stimulation of GSK-3beta and may also participate in cellular proliferation through the mTOR-ERK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Hae
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Sun-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeon Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D051379:Mice; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051176:beta Catenin; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester