title: Visual outcomes in patients with paranasal mucoceles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the ophthalmic complications and visual outcome of patients with paranasal mucoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective case series of patients with a diagnosis of paranasal mucocele. Their medical records were examined with particular emphasis on the location of the paranasal mucoceles, presence of inflammation (mucocele vs. pyelocele), presence of optic neuropathy, and final visual outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients with an average age of 57.6 years (range, 30-71 years) were studied. Seven mucoceles were in the frontal or fronto-ethmoidal sinuses, one was in the sphenoidal sinus, one was within an Onodi cell, and one was in the maxillary sinus. Four patients developed optic neuropathy, of which 2 cases were related to fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. Four patients had pyeloceles. Two of these 4 patients had resultant loss of light perception: one case was associated with a fronto-ethmoid sinus and the other with an Onodi cell).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series highlights the greater risk of optic neuropathy and poor visual outcome with sphenoid sinus and Onodi cell mucoceles because of their proximity to the optic nerve. However, fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles are not benign and may compromise vision, especially if a posterior ethmoid component is present, or if treatment is delayed and secondary infection has ensued to form a pyelocele. Management of paranasal mucoceles should be prompt, particularly when signs of inflammation are present.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. loo.jing.liang@singhealth.com.sg
authors.forename: Jing-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Audrey Lee-Geok
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Lay-Leng
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Seah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*