How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression.
Cohesin is a DNA-binding protein complex that is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and facilitates the repair of damaged DNA. In addition, cohesin has important roles in regulating gene expression, but the molecular mechanisms of this function are poorly understood. Recent experiments have revealed that cohesin binds to the same sites in mammalian genomes as the zinc finger transcription factor CTCF. At a few loci CTCF has been shown to function as an enhancer-blocking transcriptional insulator, and recent observations indicate that this function depends on cohesin. Here we review what is known about the roles of cohesin and CTCF in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells, and we discuss how cohesin might mediate the insulator function of CTCF.
Wendt
Kerstin S
KS
Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
Peters
Jan-Michael
JM
D000818:Animals; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002842:Chromatids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000502:physiology*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000097722:Cohesins
D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C000619697:CTCF protein, human; C000619698:Ctcf protein, mouse