title: The use of illustration to improve older adults' comprehension of health-related information: is it helpful?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether explanatory illustrations can improve older adults' comprehension of written health information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six short health-related texts were selected from websites and pamphlets. Young and older adults were randomly assigned to read health-related texts alone or texts accompanied by explanatory illustrations. Eye movements were recorded while reading. Word recognition, text comprehension, and comprehension of the illustrations were assessed after reading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older adults performed as well as or better than young adults on the word recognition and text comprehension measures. However, older adults performed less well than young adults on the illustration comprehension measures. Analysis of readers' eye movements showed that older adults spent more time reading illustration-related phrases and fixating on the illustrations than did young adults, yet had poorer comprehension of the illustrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults might not benefit from text illustrations because illustrations can be difficult to integrate with the text.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health practitioners should not assume that illustrations will increase older adults' comprehension of health information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Indiana University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5199, USA.
authors.forename: Chiung-ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDowd
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D032882:Comprehension; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration / Q000193:education*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011932:Reading; D012044:Regression Analysis