Advances in genetic studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. Although family, twin, and adoption studies demonstrate that ADHD is a highly heritable condition, studies also suggest that genetic architecture is complex, prompting the use of more advanced methodologies such as genome-wide linkage and association studies. Although such studies are theoretically compelling, replication of these results has been inconsistent. Meta-analyses have produced more reliable results, but the associations identified to date account for only a small percentage of the genetic component of ADHD. Approaches such as neuroimaging genetics and epigenetic studies are being explored to probe further the etiologic complexity of this disorder.
Smith
Alicia K
AK
Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Mick
Eric
E
Faraone
Stephen V
SV
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B / Q000235:genetics; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5 / Q000235:genetics; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012931:Social Environment; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 / Q000235:genetics
C493599:DRD4 protein, human; C493605:DRD5 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C470302:HTR1B protein, human; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; C494208:SNAP25 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5