title: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of nuclear factor kappaB decoy into lungs ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an intractable disease of the small pulmonary artery that involves multiple inflammatory factors. We hypothesized that a redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which regulates important inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in PAH. We investigated the activity of NF-kappaB in explanted lungs from patients with PAH and in a rat model of PAH. We also examined a nanotechnology-based therapeutic intervention in the rat model. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the activity of NF-kappaB increased in small pulmonary arterial lesions and alveolar macrophages in lungs from patients with PAH compared with lungs from control patients. In a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH, single intratracheal instillation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in delivery of NPs into lungs for <or=14 days postinstillation. The NP-mediated NF-kappaB decoy delivery into lungs prevented monocrotaline-induced NF-kappaB activation. Blockade of NF-kappaB by NP-mediated delivery of the NF-kappaB decoy attenuated inflammation and proliferation and, thus, attenuated the development of PAH and pulmonary arterial remodeling induced by monocrotaline. Treatment with the NF-kappaB decoy NP 3 weeks after monocrotaline injection improved the survival rate as compared with vehicle administration. In conclusion, these data suggest that NF-kappaB plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of PAH and, thus, represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in PAH. This nanotechnology platform may be developed as a novel molecular approach for treatment of PAH in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sueishi
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016686:Monocrotaline / Q000633:toxicity*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; C468119:NF-kappaB decoy; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016686:Monocrotaline