title: HCV replication suppresses cellular glucose uptake through down-regulation of cell surface expression of glucose transporters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes extrahepatic diseases, including diabetes. We investigated the possible effect(s) of HCV replication on cellular glucose uptake and expression of the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) 2 and 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Huh-7.5 cells harboring either an HCV subgenomic RNA replicon (SGR) or an HCV full-genomic RNA replicon (FGR), HCV-infected cells, and the respective cells treated with interferon (IFN). We also used liver tissue samples obtained from patients with or without HCV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose uptake and surface expression of GLUT2 and GLUT1 were suppressed in SGR, FGR and HCV-infected cells compared to the control cells. Expression levels of GLUT2 mRNA, but not GLUT1 mRNA, were lower in SGR, FGR and HCV-infected cells than in the control. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated decreased GLUT2 promoter activities in SGR, FGR and HCV-infected cells. IFN treatment restored glucose uptake, GLUT2 surface expression, GLUT2 mRNA expression and GLUT2 promoter activities. Also, GLUT2 expression was reduced in hepatocytes of liver tissues obtained from HCV-infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV replication down-regulates cell surface expression of GLUT2 partly at the transcriptional level, and possibly at the intracellular trafficking level as suggested for GLUT1, thereby lowering glucose uptake by hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano-Fujii
authors.forename: Kiyonao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sada
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoshi-hiro
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D012093:Replicon; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D012367:RNA, Viral; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495680:SLC2A2 protein, human; D007372:Interferons; D005947:Glucose