title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of small interference RNA-mediated gynaecophoral canal protein silencing in Schistosoma japonicum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schistosomiasis causes liver and intestinal damage and can be very debilitating. The pairing of a male worm with a female worm residing in the gynaecophoral canal of male plays a critical role in the development of female parasite. Because the male specific gynaecophoral canal protein of Schistosoma japonicum (SjGCP) is found in significant quantities in the adult female worm after pairing, it could play an important role in parasite pairing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, three small interfering (si)RNA duplexes targeting the SjGCP gene were designed, synthesized and the silencing effects were evaluated in vitro as well as in mice infected with S. japonicum in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro studies using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR revealed the reduction of SjGCP at the transcript level. Similarly, western blotting and immunofluorescence studies showed its reduction at the protein level after treatment of parasites with siRNAs. At a concentration of 200 nM, two siRNAs totally abolished the parasite pairing. To evaluate such a pairing inhibitory effect in vivo, mice infected with S. japonicum were treated with siRNA and both parasite pairing and burden were evaluated. In vivo tests confirmed the in vitro silencing effect of SjGCP siRNA and revealed that the systemic delivery of siRNA significantly inhibited early parasite pairing and the associated burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results demonstrated that the SjGCP plays an important role in pairing and subsequent development in S. japonicum, and its silencing might have potential as a therapeutic approach for controlling schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yuancong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Youxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Youmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010271:Parasites / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C103128:gynecophoral canal protein, 86-kDa