title: Gall Formation on Cirsium arvense by Ditylenchus dipsaci.
abstract: Ditylenchus dipsaci was found to cause gall formation on the stems of Cirsium arvense. The galls were characterized by extensive hypertrophy and hyperplasia, differentiation of nutritive tissue, nuclear modification, and a central cavity containing nematodes. These findings emphasize the importance of host response in investigations of host-parasite interactions and suggest that D. dipsaci may be evolving a host race by reproductive isolation within the confines of a plant gall.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shorthouse