title: Brain-region responsiveness to DT56a (Femarelle) administration on allopregnanolone and opioid content in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The natural selective estrogen receptor modulator DT56a (Femarelle), derived from soybean, has been shown to relieve menopausal vasomotor symptoms with no effect on sex steroid hormone levels or endometrial thickness.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroendocrine effect of DT56a administration through the evaluation of brain content of allopregnanolone (AP), an endogenous neurosteroid gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist with anxiolytic properties, and through the assessment of beta-endorphin (beta-END), the endogenous opioid implicated in pain mechanism, emotional state, and autonomic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of Wistar ovariectomized (OVX) rats received one of the following treatments: oral DT56a administration at doses of 6, 12, 60, and 120 mg kg(-1) day(-1) or estradiol valerate (E2V) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 14 days. One group of fertile and one group of OVX rats receiving placebo were used as controls. The concentration of AP was assessed in the frontal and parietal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and serum, whereas the content of beta-END was evaluated in the frontal and parietal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, neurointermediate lobe, anterior pituitary, and plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DT56a increased AP levels in all brain areas analyzed and in serum, with a classical dose-related curve in comparison with OVX rats. In some brain areas, such as the frontal cortex, the parietal cortex, and the anterior pituitary, positive results were found even with the administration of a lower DT56a dose of 60 mg kg(-1) day(-1), attaining AP levels in the range of those in animals treated with E2V. Similarly, beta-END levels were enhanced in selected brain areas such as the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, the neurointermediate lobe, and the anterior pituitary in comparison with those in OVX rats, in which the increase of the opioid was dose related and in the range of those in rats treated with E2V.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that DT56a positively affects brain neurosteroidogenesis and the opiatergic system: DT56a exerts an estrogen-like effect on selective areas related to mood, cognition, and homeostasis control, presenting a specific pattern of interaction with the brain function. These findings may, in part, explain the clinical effect of DT56a on menopausal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. nicola.pluchino@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pluchino
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merlini
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cubeddu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casarosa
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cela
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angioni
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisi
authors.forename: Andrea Riccardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Genazzani
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C478341:DT56a; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004958:Estradiol; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D011280:Pregnanolone