title: Cytoprotective and antioxidant activity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavones against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity in lymphocytes.
abstract: This study was designed to determine the cytoprotective activity of flavones of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH), used as an oxidant to induce oxidative damage, with lymphocytes as the model system. Addition of tert-BOOH (250 microM) to the cells resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and free radical production. The intracellular calcium levels, caspase activity, and apoptosis were significantly increased following tert-BOOH treatment. Seabuckthorn flavones at the concentration of 100 microg/mL significantly inhibited tert-BOOH-induced cytotoxicity and free radical production and also restored the antioxidant status to that of control cells. Seabuckthorn flavones also significantly restricted tert-BOOH-induced apoptosis by decreasing intracellular calcium levels and caspase activity. The extract also decreased tert-BOOH-induced formation of DNA breaks by 30%. These observations suggest that the flavones of seabuckthorn have marked cytoprotective properties, which could be attributed to the antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India. em_dipas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geetha
authors.forename: M Sai
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ilavazhagan
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sawhney
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D020169:Caspases; D002118:Calcium