Methylphenidate, interstimulus interval, and reaction time performance of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study.
Thirteen children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD: DSM-IV-TR) participated in the pilot study. They carried out a Go/No-Go test with a short (2 seconds) and long (6 seconds) interstimulus interval (ISI) when on placebo and a therapeutic dose of methylphenidate (MPH). For the long-ISI placebo condition the responses were slow and inaccurate. This pattern of response may be due to underactivation of the readiness-to-respond state that is not fully controlled by effort allocation. Speed of response and accuracy were enhanced during the short-ISI placebo condition and the long-ISI MPH condition. However, the combined effect (short ISI and MPH) resulted in a fast but inaccurate response style. This pattern of response may be due to overactivation of the readiness-to-respond state. The data of the pilot study support the stimulus shift hypothesis: MPH administration result in deterioration on tests on which children had previously done well (short ISI plus placebo versus short ISI plus MPH). In addition, the data support the idea that ADHD is associated with poor state regulation rather than motivational (delay aversion) theories or temporal-processing/time-estimation theories of ADHD. The pilot study defined empirically an issue for further study with the larger controlled sample.
van der Meere
J J
JJ
Department of Clinical and Developmental Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands. j.j.van.der.meere@rug.nl
Shalev
R S
RS
Borger
N
N
Wiersema
J R
JR
D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate