title: Evaluation of nonviral risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a high-risk population of Southern China.
abstract: To understand the role of environmental and genetic influences on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in populations at high risk of NPC, we have performed a case-control study in Guangxi Province of Southern China in 2004-2005. NPC cases (n = 1,049) were compared with 785 NPC-free matched controls who were seropositive for IgA antibodies (IgA) to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA)-a predictive marker for NPC in Chinese populations. A questionnaire was used to capture exposure and NPC family history data. Risk factors associated with NPC in a multivariant analysis model were the following: (i) a first, second or third degree relative with NPC [attributable risk (AR)= 6%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-4.9, p < 0.001]; (ii) consumption of salted fish 3 or more than 3 times per month (AR = 3%, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.5, p = 0.035); (iii) exposure to domestic wood cooking fires for more than 10 years (AR = 69%, OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.5-13.6, p < 0.001); and (iv) exposure to occupational solvents for 10 or less years (AR = 4%, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4-4.8, p = 0.002). Consumption of preserved meats or a history of tobacco smoking were not associated with NPC (p > 0.05). We also assessed the contribution of EBV/IgA/VCA antibody serostatus to NPC risk-32.2% of NPC can be explained by IgA+ status. However, family history and environmental risk factors cumulatively explained only 2.7% of NPC development in NPC high risk population. These findings should have important public health implications for NPC risk reduction in endemic regions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Xiuchan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Randall C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Mingzhong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de The
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C041788:Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen; D007070:Immunoglobulin A