title: Obestatin/ghrelin cells in normal mucosa and endocrine tumours of the stomach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obestatin and ghrelin are derived from the same gene and co-expressed in the same endocrine cells. Vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2), a marker for enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, is considered to be expressed in ghrelin cells. The aim was to establish if the two peptides and the transporter are co-expressed, both in normal gastric mucosa and in gastric endocrine tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  An immunohistochemical study was performed on gastric biopsy material and on surgical specimens from 63 patients with gastric endocrine tumours and from individuals with normal gastric mucosa. Cells displaying obestatin immunoreactivity were examined regarding co-localization with ghrelin and VMAT-2. Both single- and double-immunostaining techniques were applied. Obestatin concentration in blood was measured in a subgroup of these patients. The results were correlated to various clinico-pathological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal mucosa, obestatin/ghrelin-immunoreactive cells rarely co-expressed VMAT-2. In most tumour tissue specimens, only a fraction of neoplastic cells displayed immunoreactivity to obestatin, and these cells always co-expressed ghrelin. Neoplastic obestatin-/ghrelin-IR cells invariably expressed VMAT-2, except for two ghrelinomas. The obestatin concentrations in blood were consistently low and did not correlate to clinico-pathological data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obestatin and ghrelin immunoreactivity always occurred in the same endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa but these cells only occasionally co-expressed VMAT-2, opposite to the findings in tumours. These results indicate that endocrine cells expressing obestatin and ghrelin mainly differ from VMAT-2 expressing cells (ECL-cells) and can develop into pure ghrelinomas. Plasma concentrations of obestatin did not correlate to cellular expression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Oncology, Department of Medical Sciences, Departments of, Clinical Chemistry Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. apostolos.tsolakis@medsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Apostolos V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tsolakis
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grimelius
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stridsberg
authors.forename: Sture E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Falkmer
authors.forename: Helge L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Waldum
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saras
authors.forename: Eva T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Janson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins