title: Association of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenetic basis for the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type-2 diabetes remains uncertain. It has been reported that insulin resistance (IR) plays an essential role. We investigated the association of inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin and IL-10) with IR in chronic HCV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one consecutive non-diabetic chronic hepatitis C patients (37 men and 44 women, mean age of 51.9+/-12.2 years) and 40 age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy individuals were collected. IR was evaluated by the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Serum levels of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with chronic hepatitis C have a higher HOMA-IR, TNF-alpha, IL-6, adiponectin and IL-10, as compared with controls. By multiple linear regression analysis, moderate/severe steatosis grade, total cholesterol level and adiponectin was significantly associated with HOMA-IR, whereas, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 was not. Male gender, BMI and HOMA-IR was inversely correlated with the serum adiponectin level. Serum adiponectin was positively correlated with TNF-alpha level, which was significantly associated with higher degree of hepatic necroinflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that chronic HCV infection is associated with increased IR, which is correlated inversely with the serum adiponectin level. The complex role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of IR and hepatic necroinflammation in chronic HCV infection merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chh4366@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: Chao-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chuan-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tsung-Hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shu-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing-Houng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pei-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10