title: Monitoring of multiple sclerosis immunotherapy: from single candidates to biomarker networks.
abstract: Applying microarray technology to identify new diagnostic and prognostic markers in peripheral blood cells (PBC) after therapeutic intervention opens great perspectives regarding patient subclassification. Three recombinant products of the pleiotropic agent interferon beta (rIFN-beta) are available for disease modifying therapy of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a complex inflammatory autoimmune disease that targets the central nervous system. They differ according to formulation, route of administration and dosage regimens. The currently, only partially understood mechanism of action of injected rIFN-beta into human organisms needs provision with accessory key molecules; in addition, the significance of established clinical IFN-beta response criteria that distinguish responding from non-responding patients remain unclear.With respect to these major questions, we discuss promising candidates on the gene transcription level, attained from scientific MS literature that included a longitudinal aspect. Reviewed studies were in part carried out with distinct gene interrogating platforms (GeneArrays; RT-PCR), settings (in vitro; ex vivo), and study designs (drug formulations and regimen; inclusion criteria and clinical endpoints), hampering meaningful meta-analysis. Nevertheless, PBC from therapy-naïve MS patients, rIFN-beta treated MS patients, and healthy controls served to characterize facets of both the disease and its treatment. Hence, the field of MS transcriptomics in immunomodulatory therapy is (by far) not adequately understood and should be embedded into systems biology disciplines, yielding multi-layer analyses that deliver timely identification of MS subjects who will profit from applied rIFN-beta therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. robert.goertsches@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goertsches
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: Uwe K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Zettl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016899:Interferon-beta