title: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or etidronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal asthmatics on glucocorticoids: a randomised factorial trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was designed to establish the effects of HRT on osteoporosis and fractures over five years in postmenopausal women with asthma receiving regular glucocorticoids and to compare with etidronate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal patients receiving inhaled and/or oral glucocorticoids were randomly assigned to HRT, cyclical etidronate, HRT plus cyclical etidronate or no treatment for five years. The trial was multi-centre and aimed to recruit 750 patients. Outcomes were fractures and changes in bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For reasons detailed in the discussion section of the text, only 50 patients were entered. Three did not fulfil the eligibility criteria and were excluded from the analysis. Among the remaining 47 patients, three (6%) experienced new, symptomatic fractures, one on etidronate and two in the no treatment group. New or worsening morphometric fractures of the thoracolumbar spine occurred in 50% of the 22 patients with spinal radiographs on entry and at five years (one HRT, three etidronate, two HRT plus etidronate and five on no treatment). BMD improved by approximately 1% per annum in those receiving HRT and/or etidronate; comparisons of HRT vs no HRT tended to favour HRT but were only statistically significant at proximal femur. The same trends emerged in the etidronate vs no etidronate comparison, but none reached the 5% level of statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For postmenopausal patients receiving glucocorticoids for asthma, HRT appears as effective as etidronate in preventing loss of BMD over five years and may have a similar effect on fracture prevention.
authors.affiliation: Chest Department, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, UK. ian.campbell@cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012968:Etidronic Acid