title: Visual assessment of jaundice in term and late preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of predischarge visual assessment of jaundice for estimating bilirubin concentration and predicting risk of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Well Baby Nursery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  522 term and late preterm newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses used a 5-point scale to grade the maximum cephalocaudal extent of jaundice prior to discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Correlation between jaundice grade and bilirubin concentration. (2) Predictive accuracy of jaundice grade for identifying infants who developed significant hyperbilirubinaemia, defined as a bilirubin level that at any time after birth exceeded or was within 1 mg/dl (17 micromol/l) of the American Academy of Pediatrics-recommended hour-specific phototherapy treatment threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses' assessment of jaundice extent was only moderately correlated with bilirubin concentration and was similar in black and non-black infants (Spearman's rho = 0.45 and 0.55, respectively (p = 0.13)). The correlation was particularly weak among infants <38 weeks' gestational age (rho = 0.29) compared with infants > or = 38 weeks' gestation (rho = 0.53, p = 0.05). Jaundice extent had poor overall accuracy for predicting risk of significant hyperbilirubinaemia (c-statistic = 0.65) but complete absence of jaundice had high sensitivity (95%) and excellent negative predictive value (99%) for ruling out the development of significant hyperbilirubinaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should not use extent of cephalocaudal jaundice progression to estimate bilirubin levels during the birth hospitalisation, especially in late preterm infants. However, the complete absence of jaundice can be used to predict with very high accuracy which infants will not develop significant hyperbilirubinaemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. keren@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tremont
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cnaan
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D009725:Nurseries, Hospital; D010414:Pennsylvania; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012880:Skin Pigmentation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001663:Bilirubin