title: Smoking worsens the prognosis of mild abnormalities in cervical cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of smoking on the incidence of low- and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with a baseline Pap smear of atypical squamous cells (ASC) or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in which a cohort of women with normal colposcopy and ASC/LSIL at baseline were followed at 6-month intervals of up to 36 months. Women were grouped in post-hoc analysis according to their smoking behavior: never (or past) smokers and current smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report was based on data from the Latin American Screening Study, conducted in Sao Paulo, Campinas, Porto Alegre (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina).
  
  
  METHODS
  A subset of 150 women derived from a cohort of 1,011 women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low- and high-grade CIN during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only factor related to an increased risk of developing CIN was the positive high-risk (hr) HPV status (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.11-9.43). A total of 21 cases of incident CIN were detected during follow-up. Of these, 11 appeared in the group of 67 smokers and 10 among the 83 non-smoker women (log-rank, p=0.33). Smoking status was not associated with the risk of developing CIN (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.40-1.33). However, when restricting the analysis to high-grade CIN only (11 cases), the probability of developing the disease was significantly higher among smokers (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking contributes additional risk for developing high-grade CIN in women with ASC or LSIL cytology but normal colposcopy.
authors.affiliation: University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guarisi
authors.forename: Luis Otavio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Sarian
authors.forename: Luciano Serpa
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hammes
authors.forename: Adhemar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longatto-Filho
authors.forename: Sophie F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Derchain
authors.forename: Cecília
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roteli-Martins
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naud
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erzen
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Branca
authors.forename: Sílvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatti
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
authors.forename: Joana F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bragança
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology* / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003127:Colposcopy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology