title: 5,7,8-Trimethyl-benzopyran and 5,7,8-trimethyl-1,4-benzoxazine aminoamide derivatives as novel antiarrhythmics against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: 6-Hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethyl-benzopyran derivatives and 5,7,8-trimethyl-1,4-benzoxazine analogues substituted by the lidocaine pharmacophore aminoamide functionality at C4 or N4, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated against arrhythmias associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The antiarrhythmic effect of substitutents at positions C2 and C6 was examined. Six out of the 11 new derivatives, exhibited arrhythmia scores 1.0-1.3 versus the control (4.5 +/- 1.2), which was also reflected to the % premature beats (0.5-3.9), control (13.7 +/- 3.6). Selected compounds were further studied by a conventional microelectrode method. 2-Diethylamino-1-(5,7,8-trimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)-ethanone (50) and the trolox-inspired 4-(2-diethylamino-acetyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (62) suppress reperfusion arrhythmias and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content, leading to a fast recovery of the heart after ischemia-reperfusion. They exhibit combined class IB and class III antiarrhythmic properties, which constitutes them as promising compounds for further studies because, due to their multichannel "amiodarone like" effect, less proarrhythmic complications can be expected.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eftychia N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Koini
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papazafiri
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koufaki
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koncz
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Virág
authors.forename: Gy J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Andràs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varró
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calogeropoulou
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000577:Amides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010210:Papillary Muscles; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C540334:2-diethylamino-1-(5,7,8-trimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo(1,4)oxazin-4-yl)-ethanone; C540335:4-(2-diethylaminoacetyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo(1,4)oxazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; D000577:Amides; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D048588:Benzoxazines