title: Signal transduction inhibition of APCs diminishes th17 and Th1 responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: IL-17- and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells play an important role in autoimmune responses in multiple sclerosis and the model system experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Dendritic cells (DCs) in the periphery and microglia in the CNS are responsible for cytokine polarization and expansion of this T cell subset. Our results indicate that in vivo administration of a signal transduction inhibitor that targets DCs to mice with EAE led to a decrease in CNS infiltration of pathogenic Ag-specific T cells. Since this approach does not target T cells directly, we assessed the effects on the APCs that are involved in generating the T cell responses. Since in EAE and multiple sclerosis, both microglia and peripheral DCs are likely to contribute to disease, we utilized a bone marrow chimera system to distinguish between these two populations. These studies show that peripheral DCs are the primary target but that microglia are also modestly affected by CEP-701, as numbers and activation states of the cells in the CNS are decreased after therapy. Our results also showed a decrease in secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-23 by DCs as well as a decrease in expression of costimulatory molecules. We further determined that levels of phospho-Stat1, Stat3, Stat5, and NF-kappaB, which are signaling molecules that have been implicated in these pathways, were decreased. Thus, use of this class of signal transduction inhibitors may represent a novel method to treat autoimmunity by dampening the autoreactive polarizing condition driven by DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skarica
authors.forename: Tianhong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCadden
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kardian
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Katharine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Whartenby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005663:Furans; D020381:Interleukin-17; C119379:lestaurtinib; C497971:Flt3 protein, mouse; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3