title: Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae with antibiotic resistance: experience of a tertiary hospital in Tokyo city.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to clarify the associated factors of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) due to Haemophilus influenzae with antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted for all AOM cases due to H.influenzae in children younger than 2 years of age that were presented at the Department of Otolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Hospital (JRCMC), Tokyo, from April 2005 to March 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six children were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that residing at the JRCMC infant home (OR, 3.7; [95% CI, 1.1-12.8]; P=0.039) and a history of consuming macrolide in the past month (OR, 4.7; [95% CI, 1.1-21.5]; P=0.041) were the associated factors for AOM due to beta-lactamase positive, ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of consuming macrolide in the past month should be noted on antibiotic prescriptions for children with AOM who are younger than 2 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Hiroo 4-1-22, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan. ktan-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance