title: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with multiple sclerosis and tumefactive demyelinating lesion.
abstract: In this report, we discuss the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with multiple sclerosis during treatment with natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the alpha4beta1-integrin. Hemorrhage was located in a previously tumefactive demyelinating lesion. The mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation through interaction of leukocyte alpha4beta1-integrins and endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are well known. However, alpha4beta1-integrins are also expressed on endothelial cells and CD34(+) bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, controlling several key pathways in angiogenesis. Neovascularization may contribute to tissue repair, particularly in large inflammatory cerebral lesions with increased vascular fragility. We discuss possible interaction of natalizumab with angiogenesis during tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janowitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039441:Integrin alpha4 / Q000276:immunology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069442:Natalizumab; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069442:Natalizumab; D039441:Integrin alpha4