title: Effect of time sequences in scanning algorithms on the surface temperature during corneal laser surgery with high-repetition-rate excimer laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of temporal and spatial spot sequences on the ocular surface temperature increase during corneal laser surgery with a high-repetition-rate excimer laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland, and WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  An argon-fluoride excimer laser system working at a repetition rate of 1050 Hz was used to photoablate bovine corneas with various myopic, hyperopic, and phototherapeutic ablation profiles. The temporal distribution of ablation profiles was modified by 4 spot sequences: line, circumferential, random, and an optimized scan algorithm. The increase in ocular surface temperature was measured using an infrared camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum and mean ocular surface temperature increases depended primarily on the spatial and temporal distribution of the spots during photoablation and the amount of refractive correction. The highest temperature increases were with the line and circumferential scan sequences. Significant lower temperature increases were found with the optimized and random scan algorithms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-repetition-rate excimer laser systems require spot sequences with optimized temporal and spatial spot distribution to minimize the increase in ocular surface temperature. An ocular surface temperature increase will always occur depending on the amount of refractive correction, the type of ablation profile, the radiant exposure, and the repetition rate of the laser system.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. Michael.mrochen@iroc.ch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrochen
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wuellner
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donitzky
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000601:surgery; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D013997:Time Factors