Percutaneous implantation of fiducial markers for imaging-guided radiation therapy.
OBJECTIVE
The use of imaging-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to treat thoracic and abdominal tumors is increasing. In this article, we review the process of IGRT and describe techniques to implant fiducial markers in the optimal geometry.


CONCLUSIONS
Implantation of fiducial markers can be challenging. A better understanding of the physics of IGRT can help optimize fiducial marker placement for precise tumor targeting.
Kothary
Nishita
N
Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kothary@stanford.edu
Dieterich
Sonja
S
Louie
John D
JD
Chang
Daniel T
DT
Hofmann
Lawrence V
LV
Sze
Daniel Y
DY
D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010984:Platinum; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D003287:Contrast Media; D010984:Platinum; D006046:Gold