title: Morphological changes of injected calcium phosphate cement  in osteoporotic compressed vertebral bodies.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  This study was undertaken to investigate the radiologic and clinical outcomes of vertebroplasty with calcium phosphate (CaP) cement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The morphological changes of injected CaP cement in osteoporotic compressed vertebral bodies were variable and unpredictable. We suggest that the practice of vertebroplasty using CaP should be reconsidered.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recently, CaP, an osteoconductive filler material, has been used in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures. However, the clinical results of CaP-cement-augmented vertebrae are still not well established. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical results of vertebroplasty with CaP by evaluating the morphological changes of CaP cement in compressed vertebral bodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients have been followed for more than 2 years after vertebroplasty. The following parameters were reviewed: age, sex, T score, compliance with osteoporosis medications, visual analog scale score, compression ratio, subsequent compression fractures, and any morphological changes in the filler material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphological changes of injected CaP included reabsorption, condensation, bone formation (osteogenesis), fracture of the CaP solid hump, and heterotopic ossification. Out of 14 patients, 11 (78.6%) developed progression of the compression of the CaP-augmented vertebral bodies after vertebroplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphological changes of the injected CaP cement in the vertebral bodies were variable and unpredictable. The compression of the CaP-augmented vertebrae progressed continuously for 2 years or more. The findings of this study suggest that vertebroplasty using CaP cement should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 153 Kyo-dong, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kuh
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate