title: Label-free molecular imaging of living cells.
abstract: Optical signals based on Raman scattering, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and harmonic generation can be used to image biological molecules in living cells without labeling. Both Raman scattering and CARS signals can be used to detect frequencies of molecular vibrations and to obtain the molecular distributions in samples. Second-harmonic optical signals can also be generated in structured arrays of noncentrosymmetric molecules and can be used to detect structured aggregates of proteins, such as, collagen, myosin and tubulin. Since labeling techniques using chemical and biological reactions may cause undesirable changes in the sample, label-free molecular imaging techniques are essential for observation of living samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. fujita@ap.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Nicholas Isaac
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002477:Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013194:Staining and Labeling