title: Systematic assessment of the quality of research studies of conventional and alternative treatment(s) of primary headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diversity of treatments used for headache, and varied quality of research conduct and reporting make it difficult to accurately assess the literature and to determine the best treatment(s) for patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the quality of available research evidence describing the effects and outcomes of conventional, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to treating primary (migraine, tension, and/or cluster-type) headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of quality of research studies of conventional and alternative treatment(s) of primary headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of treatment(s) of chronic primary headache (in English between 1979 to June 2004) were searched through MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the NIH databases. Studies were evaluated using standard approaches for assessing and analyzing quality indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  125 studies of conventional, and 121 CAM treatments met inclusion criteria. 80% of studies of conventional treatment(s) reported positive effects (p<0.05), versus 73% of studies of CAM approaches (chi(2) = 3.798, 1 df, p=0.051). Overall, the literature addressing the treatment of primary headache received a mean Jadad score of 2.72 out of 5 (SD 1.1). The mean Jadad score for studies of conventional therapeutics was significantly better than for those studies of CAM approaches: 3.21 +/- 0.9 vs 2.23 +/- 1.1 (t=7.72, 246 df, mean difference 0.98, p < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies of conventional treatments scored higher on reporting quality than studies of CAM approaches. It is possible that these differences may reflect distinctions in 1) methodologic integrity, 2) therapeutic paradigm(s), and/or 3) bias(es) in the approach(es) used to evaluate certain types of therapies. Each of these possibilities -- and the implications -- is addressed and considered.
authors.affiliation: Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. ccrawford@siib.org
authors.forename: Cindy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Mylene T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Alyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kepple
authors.forename: Wayne B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome