title: Risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer: the SWENOTECA management program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To offer minimized risk-adapted adjuvant treatment on a nationwide basis for patients with clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular cancer (NSGCT). The aim was to reduce the risk of relapse and thereby reducing the need of later salvage chemotherapy while maintaining a high cure rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2005, 745 Norwegian and Swedish patients were included into a prospective, community-based multicenter Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project (SWENOTECA) management program. Treatment strategy depended on the presence or absence of vascular tumor invasion (VASC). VASC-positive patients were recommended brief adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP), whereas VASC-negative patients could choose between ACT and surveillance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 4.7 years, there have been 51 relapses. On surveillance, 41.7% of VASC+ patients relapsed, compared with 13.2% of VASC- patients. After one course of BEP, 3.2% of VASC+ and 1.3% of VASC- patients relapsed. The toxicity of adjuvant BEP was low. Eight patients have died, none died from progressive disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One course of adjuvant BEP reduces the risk of relapse by approximately 90% in both VASC+ and VASC- CS1 NSGCT, and may be a new option as initial treatment for all CS1 NSGCT. One course of adjuvant BEP for VASC+ CS1 reduces the total burden of chemotherapy compared with surveillance or two courses of BEP. SWENOTECA currently recommends one course of BEP as standard treatment of VASC+ CS1 NSGCT, whereas both surveillance and one course of BEP are options for VASC- CS1 NSGCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, St Olavs University Hospital, Olav Kyrres gt 17, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. torgrim.tandstad@stolav.no
authors.forename: Torgrim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tandstad
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cohn-Cedermark
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavallin-Stahl
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stierner
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langberg
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bremnes
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurell
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstrøm
authors.forename: Olbjørn
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Klepp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin