title: Spontaneous consecutive exotropia in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consecutive exotropia is commonly the result of a surgical correction of a primary esotropia but may develop spontaneously. This study examines the clinical characteristics of patients who have developed a spontaneous consecutive exotropia and relates the key features to previously reported findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were identified by routine clinical practice from May 2000 to December 2003 by retrospective case note analysis. Patients that presented with an esotropia that became an exotropia (without surgery or botulinum toxin A) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study consisted of 14 patients who presented with an esotropia from early weeks of life to almost 4 years. No patients were undergoing occlusion treatment at the onset of the exotropia and no subject had dense amblyopia. The most common characteristics included (1) age of onset of esotropia of 24 months or less; (2) hypermetropic refractive error of +5 DS mean spherical equivalent; (3) lack of binocular single vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight the variability of the condition with no single consistent finding, with the lack of binocular single vision, early onset esotropia, and high hypermetropia being common findings. Amblyopia was not found to be an important characteristic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpoo, UK.
authors.forename: Julie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandna
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005099:Exotropia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015348:Vision, Binocular