title: Ocular manifestations of scleroderma.
abstract: Systemic sclerosis is a chronic multi-system disorder predominantly affecting the skin, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and renal systems. Although the exact etiology is unknown, recent evidence suggests that immune activation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Ocular involvement in systemic sclerosis has been documented; however, due to the rare nature of the disease, most papers have been single case reports or small case series. This review paper aims to consolidate the findings of previous papers with a view to providing a comprehensive review of the ocular manifestations of systemic sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. rajentailor@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Rajen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tailor
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrick
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwartz
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology