title: The effectiveness of intervention on the behavior of individuals with autism: a meta-analysis using percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase (PEM).
abstract: The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase (PEM) approach using data on autism treatment for illustrative purposes to compare the effectiveness of different interventions on the problem behaviors of individuals with autism. Electronic databases such as The ProQuest and Google were searched. A total of 163 articles were located, producing 1,502 effect sizes. The results demonstrate that five highly effective intervention strategies were priming, self-control, training, positive reinforcement and punishment, and presenting preferential activities. The least effective strategy was to teach perspective-taking skills. The PEM approach is recommended for use in meta-analysis for single-case experimental designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, National Chengchi University, Wen-Shan District (116), Chi-nan Road, Section 2, No. 64, Taipei City, Taiwan. gxyzwgcd@nccu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsen-Hsing
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D011678:Punishment; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012107:Research Design; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome