title: Clinical value of FDG-PET/CT for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated fever of unknown origin: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the usefulness of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/ computed tomography (CT) in patients affected by human immunodeficiency virus and suffering from fever of unknown origin (HIV-associated FUO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (six males, four females, age 24-48 years) suffering from HIV-associated FUO were studied by FDG-PET/CT. Final diagnosis was established either by microbiological or histopathological analysis or by a more than 6-month follow-up. FDG-PET/CT was regarded as 'helpful for diagnosis' when the abnormal uptake pointed to the organ or location where the cause of fever was thereafter identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine out of 10 FDG-PET/CT were abnormal and the cause of fever was further demonstrated by other diagnostic procedures. An infectious process (tuberculosis) was diagnosed in six patients and a neoplasm in three (two lymphomas, one Kaposi's sarcoma). FDG-PET/CT directly suggested sites for biopsy in six patients (tuberculous lymphadenitis and neoplasm). The only patient with normal FDG-PET/CT suffered from drug-induced fever.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool in patients with HIV-associated FUO. FDG-PET/CT was categorized as 'helpful for diagnosis' in nine out of the 10 patients we studied. Adding the CT anatomical landmarks to the PET findings allowed an accurate and easy localization of the sites to be punctured in the six patients in whom histopathological diagnosis was needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, 322 rue Haute, Brussels 1000, Belgium. catherine_CASTAIGNE@stpierre-bru.be
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castaigne
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tondeur
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clumeck
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18