title: The preparation of Drosophila embryos for live-imaging using the hanging drop protocol.
abstract: Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based timelapse live-imaging is a powerful technique for studying the genetic regulation of dynamic processes such as tissue morphogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, or cell death. Drosophila embryos expressing GFP are readily imaged using either stereoscopic or confocal microscopy. A goal of any live-imaging protocol is to minimize detrimental effects such as dehydration and hypoxia. Previous protocols for preparing Drosophila embryos for live-imaging analysis have involved placing dechorionated embryos in halocarbon oil and sandwiching them between a halocarbon gas-permeable membrane and a coverslip. The introduction of compression through mounting embryos in this manner represents an undesirable complication for any biomechanical-based analysis of morphogenesis. Our method, which we call the hanging drop protocol, results in excellent viability of embryos during live imaging and does not require that embryos be compressed. Briefly, the hanging drop protocol involves the placement of embryos in a drop of halocarbon oil that is suspended from a coverslip, which is, in turn, fixed in position over a humid chamber. In addition to providing gas exchange and preventing dehydration, this arrangement takes advantage of the buoyancy of embryos in halocarbon oil to prevent them from drifting out of position during timelapse acquisition. This video describes in detail how to collect and prepare Drosophila embryos for live imaging using the hanging drop protocol. This protocol is suitable for imaging dechorionated embryos using stereomicroscopy or any upright compound fluorescence microscope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo. reed@uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Roopali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*