title: Prospective comparison of five mediators of the systemic response after high-intensity focused ultrasound and targeted cryoablation for localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is less invasive than targeted cryoablation of the prostate (TCAP), as experimental studies suggest that the acute-phase reaction is proportional to surgery-induced tissue damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2004 and December 2007, 127 consecutive patients undergoing HIFU (71) or TCAP (56) in our departments were assessed prospectively. Blood samples were collected 24 h before (T0), during surgery (T1), at the end of anaesthesia (T2), and at 12 (T3), 24 (T4) and 36 h after surgery (T5). The extent of the systemic response to surgery-induced tissue trauma was measured by assessing the levels of acute-phase markers tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), at all sampling times in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (interquartile range) age in the HIFU and TCAP groups was 70 (62-77) and 68 (59-75) years, respectively (P = 0.4). Baseline levels (T0) of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and SAA were comparable in both groups. The levels of all four markers increased during both procedures; the median values were higher for TCAP at T2 (P = 0.02, 0.001, <0.001 and 0.06), T3 (P < 0.001, 0.009, 0.003 and 0.001), T4 (P = 0.007, <0.001, 0.005 and <0.001) and T5 (P < 0.001, 0.004, <0.001 and 0.02), respectively. IL-6 was also higher for TCAP at T1 (P = 0.03). IL-10 did not change at the different sampling times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tissue trauma and associated invasiveness of HIFU is less than that of TCAP, based on the variables objectively measured in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Liao-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hai-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xie-Lai
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein