title: Different neurocognitive functions regulating physical aggression and hyperactivity in early childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are strong parallels between early childhood and adolescent behavior problems. However, we do not know if behavioral symptoms associate with neurocognitive processes in very young children as they do in older children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a population-based birth cohort of children (N = 1,950) whose developmental trajectories of physical aggression and hyperactivity were assessed between the ages of 17 and 41 months. We measured the following neurocognitive abilities at 41 months of age: Receptive vocabulary, visuospatial organization, and short-term memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for other neurocognitive abilities, frequent physical aggression was related specifically to receptive vocabulary deficits (p < .0001) while frequent hyperactivity was related specifically to deficits of visuospatial organization (p < .0001). The pattern of associations was robust despite controls for socioeconomic and perinatal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different neurocognitive correlates of physical aggression and hyperactivity problems observed during adolescence are apparent in early childhood. Whereas physical aggression problems are associated with language deficits, hyperactivity problems are related to non-verbal deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of psychiatry, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Jean.Seguin@UMontreal.CA
authors.forename: Jean R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Séguin
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Philip David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Zelazo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011939:Mental Recall; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013028:Space Perception; D014796:Visual Perception; D014825:Vocabulary; D014888:Wechsler Scales