title: Quantitative assessment of allergic shiners in children with allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The knowledge on allergic shiners is extremely limited. A conceivable tool able to quantify allergic shiners has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the significance and changeability of allergic shiners through our newly developed computerized method.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a novel computerized method to measure allergic shiners and enrolled a cohort of children with or without allergic rhinitis. Children with allergic rhinitis were prospectively assessed. A standardized digital photograph was taken during each visit, and a modified Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire was completed. Subject global assessment for nose symptoms and subject global assessment for eye symptoms (SGAE) were self-recorded daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 126 children with allergic rhinitis and 123 healthy control subjects. One hundred three (82%) participants with allergic rhinitis completed at least 4 prospective assessments. Shiners were darker (P < .001) and larger (P < .001) in children with allergic rhinitis. Darkness and sizes of allergic shiners were paradoxically inversely correlated (P = .02). Darkness of allergic shiners positively correlated with the duration of allergic rhinitis, practical problem scores, and SGAE values (P = .02, P = .004, and P = .002, respectively), but sizes of allergic shiners did not. Shiners were found to be darker in children with scores of eye symptoms of greater than 6, scores of practical problems of greater than 5, and SGAE values of greater than 0 (P = .02, P < .001, and P = .003, respectively), whereas shiners were larger in children with scores of other symptoms of greater than 9 and activity limitations of greater than 4 (P = .02 and P = .002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-analyzed allergic shiners correlate with the chronicity and severity of allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Tsan
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Che-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Li-Chieh
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kuo-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shih-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Yao-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jyh-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bor-Luen
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014894:Weights and Measures