title: Intramedullary cavernous malformations: clinical features and surgical technique via hemilaminectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to define the clinical features and the surgical technique of unilateral hemilaminectomy for treating intramedullary cavernous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart was performed in 16 patients with histologically diagnosed intramedullary cavernous malformations. All patients were treated with unilateral hemilaminectomy and microsurgical resection of the malformations. The pre- and postoperative neurological state was evaluated using Frankel scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were nine females and seven males (mean age 38 years) harbouring symptomatic intramedullary cavernous malformations. The annual retrospective haemorrhage rate was 3.1% per patient/year. All cavernous malformations were completely resected. Twelve of 16 patients experienced the improvement of the neurological state and in four patients, clinical features remained unchanged during the follow-up period. Static and dynamic plain radiograph film showed none of them had spinal deformity or spinal instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the defined bleeding risk, symptomatic and MRI-morphologically growing intramedullary cavernous malformations should be totally surgically removed, to avoid the recurrence and rebleeding of the residue. A least traumatic myelotomy, as well as a meticulous microsurgical technique and the intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring, together with selection of a minimally invasive microsurgical approach (hemilaminectomy), leads to a favourable outcome and prevents additional morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijiner Rd., Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. rj11118@yahoo.com
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertalanffy
authors.forename: Q F
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult