title: Profiles and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor environments at a French hospital.
abstract: A one-year prospective survey of fungal air contamination was conducted in outdoor air and inside two haematological units of a French hospital. Air was sampled with a portable Air System Impactor. During this period of survey, the mean viable fungal load was 122.1 cfu/m(3) in outdoor air samples, and 4.1 and 3.9 cfu/m(3) in samples from adult and pediatric haematology units, respectively. In outdoor samples, Cladosporium was the dominant genus (55%) while in the clinical units, Penicillium sp. (23 to 25%), Aspergillus sp. (15 to 23%) and Bjerkandera adusta (11 to 13%) were the most frequently recovered airborne fungi. The outdoor fungal load was far higher in autumn (168 cfu/m(3)), spring (110 cfu/m(3)) and summer (138 cfu/m(3)) than in winter (49 cfu/m(3)). In indoor air, fungal concentrations were significantly lower in winter (2.7 to 3.1 cfu/m(3)) than in summer (4.2 to 5.0 cfu/m(3)) in both haematology units. In the outdoor environment, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were more abundant in winter while the levels of Cladosporium were lowest during this season. In the haematological units, the presence of Aspergillus sp. was stable during the year (close to 20%), Bjerkandera sp. was particularly abundant in winter (close to 30%); levels of Penicillium sp. were highest in autumn while levels of Cladosporium sp. were highest in spring and summer.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Mycology laboratory, CHU, Hôpital du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France. Marc.Sautour@u-bourgogne.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sautour
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sixt
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dalle
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: L'Ollivier
authors.forename: Vitalie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fourquenet
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calinon
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valvin
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Couillault
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cachia
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vagner
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cuisenier
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caillot
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonnin
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005602:France; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter