title: Evaluation of factors affecting serum IgG concentrations in bottle-fed calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of time interval from birth to first colostrum feeding on colostrum intake and serum IgG concentration and the effect of varying colostral volume intake and colostral IgG concentration on the probability of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in bottle-fed calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  104 calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Equal numbers of calves were randomly assigned to groups and fed 3 L of their dam's colostrum at 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours after birth by use of a nipple bottle. Calves were allowed to feed for 15 minutes, and intake was recorded. A second 3-L bottle feeding of colostrum was offered at 12 hours of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17.2% of calves ingested 3 L of colostrum at the first feeding and 3 L at 12 hours of age. Calf age, up to 4 hours, had no significant effect on the calf's ability to ingest colostrum or on 48-hour serum IgG concentration. Colostral intake at 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours had no effect on intake at the second feeding. Probability of FPT in calves ingesting 3 L at both feedings was < 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allowing calves fed by nipple bottle to ingest as much colostrum as they can within 4 hours after birth and at 12 hours of age substantially reduced the probability of FPT. Bottle-fed calves that do not ingest 3 L of colostrum within the first 4 hours after birth should be targeted for oroesophageal intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Munashe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chigerwe
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Marin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Loren G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Dusty W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007440:Intubation / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G