title: Fully automatic sample treatment by integration of microextraction by packed sorbents into commercial capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry equipment: application to the determination of fluoroquinolones in urine.
abstract: This paper describes a new and innovative way to integrate microextraction by packed sorbents (MEPS) into commercial CE equipment. The suggested integration allows the automatic sample cleanup and preconcentration requiring only a few microliters of sample and no additional hardware and software. The MEPS was integrated in the outlet region of a commercial CE equipment cartridge in order to provide easy manipulation and exchange. The robustness of the proposed integration was demonstrated by the design and use of a (MEPS)-nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE)-MS method used to determine fluoroquinolones "FQs" (namely, ofloxacin, marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and difloxacin) in urine. The method allows the analysis of micrograms per liter of FQs to be carried out with only 48 microL of urine sample. The obtained LODs were in the range 6.3-10.6 microg/L. An analysis of spiked urine samples was used to validate the method. Absolute recoveries were in the range of 71-109% while the precision expressed as repetitivity of peak area was lower than 5.9%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morales-Cid
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.forename: Bartolomé M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Simonet
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valcárcel
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001331:Automation; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018511:Systems Integration; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D014867:Water