title: Neuromuscular excitability changes in the vastus medialis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quadriceps weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is prevalent despite intensive rehabilitation. Diminished neuromuscular excitability is one potential factor that may limit muscular recovery following injury or surgery. The H-reflex provides a measure of alpha motorneuron (neuromuscular) excitability in the sensory-motor pathway of the respective muscle and nerve. To date the vastus medialis (VM) and soleus (SOL) H-reflexes have been examined primarily in control subjects with induced knee joint effusion. This prospective, randomized clinical trial evaluated the affect of ACLR, utilizing hamsting (HS) or bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft, on VM and SOL H-reflex latency and amplitude in twenty subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperatively bilateral VM and SOL H-reflex tests were conducted. VM and SOL H-reflexes were subsequently conducted on the involved lower extremity at 1 and 3 months post surgery. At each test session subjects completed visual analog scales and knee girth was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VM H-reflex amplitude increased in the HS group at 3 months compared to 1-month post surgery (p<.05). Significant changes over time were also noted in the visual analog pain and functional scales and the mid-patella girth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased VM H-reflex amplitude at 3 months following HS autograft ACLR demonstrates an increase in VM neuromuscular excitability. Increased VM neuromuscular excitability was not evident in patients following BTB reconstruction. The increased neuromuscular excitability, observed only in the HS group, warrants consideration when selecting graft type for patients with extensive preoperative quadriceps dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: United States Navy, Pearl City, HI, USA. press2goal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stoneman
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: DeBerardino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000637:transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult