title: Anti-hemorrhagic activity of four Brazilian vegetable species against Bothrops jararaca venom.
abstract: Around 20,000 snakebites are reported annually in Brazil and 90% of them are inflicted by species of the genus Bothrops. Intravenous administration of antibothropic antivenom neutralizes the systemic actions, but it is of little effect on the reversal of local symptoms and often induces adverse reactions, a context that drives the search for complementary treatments for snakebite accidents. Vegetable extracts with a range of antiophidian activities constitute an excellent alternative. In this study, we investigated the anti-hemorrhagic effects of Mouriri pusa Gardn. (Melastomataceae), Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (Malpighiaceae), Davilla elliptica St. Hill. (Dilleniaceae) and Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. (Loganiaceae) against Bothrops jararaca venom. The methanolic extracts from M. pusa (leaves), B. crassa (leaves) and D. elliptica (leaves) showed total neutralization capacity against local hemorrhages. The amenthoflavone and quercetin fractions from B. crassa and the flavonoids fractions (quercetin and myricetin) from M. pusa and D. elliptica also showed total neutralization capacity. We conclude that flavonoids derived from myricetin, quercetin and amenthoflavone play an important role in the anti-hemorrhagic potential of these Brazilian vegetables species against B. jararaca venom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Catarine Massucato Nishijima
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Clenilson Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Marcelo Aparecido
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017837:Bothrops; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011794:Quercetin; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000992:Antitoxins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014757:Viper Venoms; C040015:myricetin; D011794:Quercetin