title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma negatively regulates allergic rhinitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-gamma) has been shown to play an important role in the control of inflammatory responses acting on macrophages, mast cells, T cells, and eosinophils. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of PPAR-gamma agonist on nasal symptoms and eosinophil accumulations in nasal mucosa by using a murine allergic rhinitis model. Furthermore, we examined the expression of PPAR-gamma in the nasal mucosa in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged intranasally with ovalbumin. Ciglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, was administered orally 6 hours before each nasal challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of PPAR-gamma agonist significantly decreased the number of nasal rubs, nasal histamine responsiveness, serum IgE, IL-5 production from the spleen, and eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa. Furthermore, PPAR-gamma was expressed in eosinophils and epithelial cells in the nasal mucosa by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-gamma was expressed in eosinophils and epithelial cells in the nasal mucosa. Also, the oral administration of ciglitazone is effective in upper airway allergic inflammation in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory Medicine, Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University, School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012912:Sneezing / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; C039671:ciglitazone