title: Screening and identification of vip genes in Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify known vip genes and to detect potentially novel vip genes in a collection of 507 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy, four restriction patterns were found within the vip1 family: vip1Aa1, vip1Ba1/vip1Ba2 and vip1Ca. In the screening of vip2 genes, patterns similar to those of vip2Aa1, vip2Ba1/vip2Ba2 and vip2Ac1 genes were observed. Patterns for vip3Aa1, vip3Ae2 and vip3Af1 were found among vip3 genes. Two new patterns revealed novel vip1 and vip3A genes. The observed frequency of genes belonging to vip1 and vip2 families was around 10%, whereas 48.9% of the strains showed amplification of vip3 genes. A tendency of vip and cry genes to occur together has been observed in this collection of B. thuringiensis strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten different patterns of vip genes belonging to the three vip families and two novel vip genes have been identified in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first time that vip1 and vip2 genes have been identified by PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the results show that the strategy used in this study can lead to the classification of known vip genes as well as the identification of novel vip genes.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hernández-Rodríguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boets
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Rie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferré
mesh_terms: D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers