title: Chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR, GLUT4, GS, and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three different chromium forms as chromic chloride (CrCl), chromium picolinate (CrPic), and a newly synthesized complex of chromium chelated with small peptides (CrSP) on glucose uptake and metabolism in vitro. In cultured skeletal muscle cells, chromium augmented insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and metabolism as assessed by a reduced glucose concentration of culture medium. At the molecular level, insulin significantly increased the mRNA levels of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), glycogen synthase (GS), and uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3), and these impacts can be enhanced by the addition of chromium, especially in the form of CrSP. Collectively, results of this study demonstrate that chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR, GLUT4, GS, and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells, and CrSP has higher efficacy on glucose uptake and metabolism compared to the forms of CrCl and CrPic.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Zhongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Anguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C000604394:Ucp3 protein, rat; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; C079689:chromium tripicolinate; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose; C022990:chromic chloride