title: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity and brain activation during a sustained attention task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize cognitive and cerebral correlates of attention and response speed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and (2) assess the association of performance and brain activation with measures of OSA severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with OSA and controls were compared on performance and brain activation during a sustained attention task. The association of reaction time and brain activation with apnea-hypopnea index, nocturnal hypoxia, and arousals was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted while participants performed a Go-No-Go task. The 'Go' trials of the Go-No-Go task were used to index attention processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with OSA and 14 normal control subjects with equivalent age, body mass index, blood pressure, and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with OSA showed decreased brain activation in cingulate, frontal, and parietal regions typically involved in attention tasks, compared with control subjects. Within the patients with OSA, increasing arousal index, but not desaturation index, was associated with slower mean reaction time and with decreased brain activation in areas involved in arousal and attention, response selection, motor response, and decision making. The apnea-hypopnea index, by itself, was not associated with changes in cerebral response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with OSA showed decreased brain activation compared with control subjects during an attention task. The association of arousal index (but not hypoxia) with slow reaction times and brain activation suggests that alertness and reaction times show greater correlations with measures of sleep disruption than with measures of hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry 151B, University of California, San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. layalon@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayalon
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ancoli-Israel
authors.forename: Allison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aka
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Sean P A
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen