title: Pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and measures of left ventricular structure and function: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pericardial fat has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Whether the associations of pericardial fat and measures of cardiac structure and function are independent of the systemic effects of obesity and visceral adiposity has not been fully explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=997; 54.4% women) underwent chest and abdominal computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging between 2002 and 2005. Pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral adipose tissue quantified from multidetector computed tomography, along with body mass index and waist circumference, were examined in relation to cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end-diastolic volume, and left atrial dimension. In women, pericardial fat (r=0.20 to 0.35, P<0.001), intrathoracic fat (r=0.25 to 0.37, P<0.001), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.24 to 0.45, P<0.001), body mass index (r=0.36 to 0.53, P<0.001), and waist circumference (r=0.30 to 0.48, P<0.001) were directly correlated with LV mass, LV end-diastolic volume, and left atrial dimension. In men, pericardial fat (r=0.19 to 0.37, P<0.001), intrathoracic fat (r=0.17 to 0.31, P<0.001), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.19 to 0.36, P<0.001), body mass index (r=0.32 to 0.44, P<0.001), and waist circumference (r=0.34 to 0.44, P<0.001) were directly correlated with LV mass and left atrial dimension, but LV end-diastolic volume was not consistently associated with adiposity measures. Associations persisted after multivariable adjustment but not after additional adjustment for body weight and visceral adipose tissue, except for pericardial fat and left atrial dimension in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardial fat is correlated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures, but the association is not independent of or stronger than other ectopic fat stores or proxy measures of visceral adiposity. An important exception is left atrial dimension in men. These results suggest that the systemic effects of obesity on cardiac structure and function may outweigh the local pathogenic effects of pericardial fat.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA. foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Philimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gona
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Stacy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salton
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Warren J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010496:Pericardium; D013909:Thorax; D014054:Tomography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology*