title: Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics analysis of glucose-stimulated insulin response in African-American and Caucasian youths.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the differences in glucose and insulin responses between African-American and Caucasian youths and to determine the associations of between-group differences with sex, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal status using a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic approach. Sixteen African-American and 22 Caucasian healthy adolescents were tested using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Longitudinal t-tests across each observation revealed that (1) African-American youths have higher insulin concentrations between 4 to 19 min; (2) insulin levels remained similar as subjects were grouped according to sex and pubertal status; (3) for glucose, the only difference was found as it approached steady-state basal level (>100 min) between groups with different BMIs. Linear regression showed that insulin concentrations between 4 to 19 min are associated with BMI in Caucasians. African-American youths were found to have higher insulin responses after glucose stimulation and the insulin concentrations were more related to BMI in Caucasians compared with African-Americans. BMI also has a significant effect on the glucose steady state basal level. The acute insulin response to glucose (AIR(g)) extended to 20 min resulted in a more significant racial difference (p<0.0006) compared with the calculation done over 10 min suggested in the past (p<0.001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Lanyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veng-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin