title: PTPmu suppresses glioma cell migration and dispersal.
abstract: The cell-surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu) is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule expressed in CNS neurons and glia. Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the highest grade of primary brain tumors with astrocytic similarity and are characterized by marked dispersal of tumor cells. PTPmu expression was examined in human GBM, low-grade astrocytoma, and normal brain tissue. These studies revealed a striking loss of PTPmu protein expression in highly dispersive GBMs compared to less dispersive low-grade astrocytomas and normal brain. We hypothesized that PTPmu contributes to contact inhibition of glial cell migration by transducing signals in response to cell adhesion. Therefore, loss of PTPmu may contribute to the extensive dispersal of GBMs. The migration of brain tumor cells was assessed in vitro using a scratch wound assay. Parental U-87 MG cells express PTPmu and exhibited limited migration. However, short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of PTPmu induced a morphological change and increased migration. Next, a brain slice assay replicating the three-dimensional environment of the brain was used. To assess migration, labeled U-87 MG glioma cells were injected into adult rat brain slices, and their movement was followed over time. Parental U-87 MG cells demonstrated limited dispersal in this assay. However, PTPmu shRNA induced migration and dispersal of U-87 MG cells in the brain slice. Finally, in a mouse xenograft model of intracranially injected U-87 MG cells, PTPmu shRNA induced morphological heterogeneity in these xenografts. Together, these data suggest that loss of PTPmu in human GBMs contributes to tumor cell migration and dispersal, implicating loss of PTPmu in glioma progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Burgoyne
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palomo
authors.forename: Polly J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Phillips-Mason
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Burden-Gulley
authors.forename: Denice L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaremba
authors.forename: Shenandoah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vogelbaum
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Susann M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brady-Kalnay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014945:Wound Healing; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2