Nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry: tissue imaging and direct biofluid analysis.
Nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) is a recently introduced matrix-free desorption/ionization platform that requires minimal sample preparation. Its application to xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites in tissues is demonstrated, where clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine were observed from mouse and rat brain sections. It has also been applied to direct biofluid analysis where ketamine and norketamine were observed from plasma and urine. Detection of xenobiotics from biofluids was made even more effective using a novel NIMS on-surface extraction method taking advantage of the hydrophobic nature of the initiator. Linear response and limit of detection were also evaluated for xenobiotics such as methamphetamine, codeine, alprazolam, and morphine, revealing that NIMS can be used for quantitative analysis. Overall, our results demonstrate the capacity of NIMS to perform sensitive, simple, and rapid analyses from highly complex biological tissues and fluids.
Yanes
Oscar
O
Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Center for Mass Spectrometry, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Woo
Hin-Koon
HK
Northen
Trent R
TR
Oppenheimer
Stacey R
SR
Shriver
Leah
L
Apon
Jon
J
Estrada
Mayra N
MN
Potchoiba
Michael J
MJ
Steenwyk
Rick
R
Manchester
Marianne
M
Siuzdak
Gary
G
D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007649:Ketamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D049329:Nanostructures; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
D015262:Xenobiotics; C058272:norclozapine; D007649:Ketamine; D009538:Nicotine; D003024:Clozapine