title: In vivo effects of low level laser therapy on inducible nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory processes with evidence suggesting that treatment protocol, such as wavelength, total energy, and number of treatments determine the clinical efficacy. In this study, the effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths and continuous versus pulsed delivery mode were quantified in a transgenic murine model with the luciferase gene under control of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  LLLT modulated iNOS gene expressed in the acute Zymosan-induced inflammation model is quantified using transgenic mice (FVB/N-Tg(iNOS-luc)). Here an energy density of 5 J cm(-2) at either 635, 660, 690, and 905 nm in continuous wave mode and at 905 nm for short pulse delivery were evaluated. Age of the animals was determined as additional modulating the inflammatory response and the LLLT efficacy for some treatment protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals younger than 15 weeks showed mostly reduction of iNOS expression, while older animals showed increased iNOS expression for some LLLT protocols. Intensity and time course of inducible nitric oxide expression was found to not only depend on wavelength, but also on the mode of delivery, continuous, or pulsed irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLLT exhibit different effects in induced inflammatory process according to different wavelengths and wave mode. Upregulation of iNOS gene following 905 nm pulsed wave suggests a different mechanism in activating the inflammatory pathway response when compared to the continuous wave.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akens
authors.forename: Eduardo H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lilge
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015054:Zymosan
chemical_list: D015054:Zymosan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II