title: A low-cost density reference phantom for computed tomography.
abstract: The authors characterized a commercially available foam composed of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate which is marketed for modeling parts in the aircraft, automotive, and related industries. The authors found that the foam may be suitable for use as a density reference standard in the range below -400 Hounsfield units. This range is coincident with the density of lung tissue. The foam may be helpful in making the diagnosis of lung disease more systematic.
authors.affiliation: Photon Physics Group, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8410, USA. zlevine@nist.gov
authors.forename: Zachary H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Mingdong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Yankelevitz
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Eliot L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peskin
authors.forename: Diana N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Zeiger
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging / Q000191:economics*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012016:Reference Values; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014227:Triazines; C044916:polyisocyanurate