title: Lidocaine prevents referred hyperalgesia associated with cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lidocaine produces analgesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or blocking impulse conduction in peripheral nerves. This study was performed to determine whether intrathecal or intravesical administration of lidocaine prior, or subsequent, to induction of chemical cystitis in rats would block referred mechanical hyperalgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrathecal or intravesical lidocaine was administered 15 (intrathecal) or 30 (intravesical) min before intravesical instillation of saline or 1 mM acrolein (400 microl) or 4 hr after saline or acrolein instillation in female Wistar rats. Mechanical sensitivity of hind paws was determined at 24 hr prior to any treatment (baseline) and, 4, 24, and 48 hr after intravesical instillation of acrolein or saline. Also, nerve growth factor (NGF) content was measured in bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-treatment with intrathecal or intravesical lidocaine attenuated acrolein-induced referred mechanical hyperalgesia of the hind paws. Lidocaine administered after acrolein instillation did not alter referred hyperalgesia. Lidocaine treatment prior to or after induction of cystitis reduced NGF content in the bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that pre-treatment with lidocaine attenuates referred hyperalgesia associated with cystitis. Lidocaine treatment 4 hr after induction of cystitis failed to prevent referred hyperalgesia despite a similar decrease in bladder NGF. Neurourol. Urodynam. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Simone D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Guerios
authors.forename: Zun-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boldon
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bushman
authors.forename: Dale E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bjorling
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D008012:Lidocaine