title: Sex cord stromal testicular tumors: a clinical series--uniformly stage I disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sex cord stromal testicular tumors are rare. Historically 10% of lesions are said to be malignant but to our knowledge there are no clinical or histological features that can accurately predict potential malignant behavior. Because of this, groups at some centers have advocated prophylactic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with clinical stage I disease. We reviewed our experience with these tumors to determine whether this policy is justified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of all 38 men older than 18 years with sex cord stromal testicular tumors who were referred to the Wessex regional cancer center for treatment or pathological review during the 25-year period of 1982 to 2006. We then compared our series with a malignant sex cord stromal testicular tumor database generated from the world literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Wessex patients were treated with excision of the primary tumor alone and metastatic disease developed in none. All remained disease-free with an overall median survival of 6.8 years (range 1.4 to 25). Features in the literature favoring malignant behavior, ie metastatic disease, included larger tumors (mean 6.43 vs 1.71 cm), a high mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, angiolymphatic invasion, infiltrative margins and extratesticular extension (each p <0.0001). The malignant group had an overall median survival of 2.3 years (range 0.02 to 17.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No patient had disease progression in our study, which is to our knowledge the largest reported United Kingdom series of sex cord stromal testicular tumors. Our data suggest that malignancy is uncommon and prophylactic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is unjustified for clinical stage I disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, United Kingdom. JonFeath@aol.com
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Featherstone
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Theaker
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Simmonds
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018312:Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult