title: Dysfunction of the social brain in schizophrenia is modulated by intention type: an fMRI study.
abstract: In this fMRI study, we investigated theory of mind (ToM) in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. We hypothesized that the network supporting the representation of intentions is dysfunctional in patients with schizophrenia dependent on the type of intention involved. We used a paradigm including a control condition (physical causation) and three intention conditions (private intention, prospective social intention and communicative intentions) differing in the degree of social interaction. In all four experimental conditions patients performed worse than controls regarding accuracy and reaction time. They showed significantly less activation in three regions typically activated in ToM tasks, i.e. paracingulate cortex and bilateral temporo-parietal junctions. However, this dysfunction was dependent on the type of intention represented, i.e. was present only for social but not for non-social intentions. Moreover, part of the reduced activation was related to the fact that there was no signal drop in these regions for the physical causality condition as usually found in controls. This may be due to the tendency of schizophrenic patients to attribute intentionality to physical objects. Our findings have implications for the study and understanding of ToM in schizophrenia but also in other disorders like autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. henrik.walter@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciaramidaro
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adenzato
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasic
authors.forename: Rita Bianca
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ardito
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erk
authors.forename: Bruno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Bara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D033182:Intention; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen