title: Environmental hazards and stress: evidence from the Texas City Stress and Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substantial research has suggested that exposure to environmental health hazards, such as polluting industrial activity, has deleterious effects on psychological and physiological well-being. However, one gap in the existing literature is comparative analysis of objective and subjective exposure's relative association with various measurable outcomes of exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  These relationships were explored within a community sample of 2604 respondents living near a large petrochemical complex in Texas City, Texas, USA. Objective exposure was investigated using distance of residence from a cluster of petrochemical plants and subjective exposure using residents' concern about potential health effects from those plants. Regression models were then used to examine how each type of exposure predicts perceived stress, physiological markers of stress and perceived health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggest that objective exposure was associated primarily with markers of physiological stress (interleukin-6 and viral reactivation), and subjective exposure (concern about petrochemical health risk) was associated with variables assessing perceived health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the analysis, it can be inferred that, in the context of an environmental hazard of this type, subjective exposure may be at least as important a predictor of poor health outcomes as objective exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1153, USA. mkpeek@utmb.edu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Peek
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cutchin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002617:Chemical Industry; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010578:Petroleum; D011639:Public Opinion; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010578:Petroleum