title: [Management of transdermal therapeutics in perioperative care].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide guidance on perioperative management of most frequently encountered transdermal therapeutics in anaesthesiology: nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, scopolamine and estradiol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the last decade literature was carried out on the Pubmed database using the following keywords (transcutaneous or percutaneous or transdermal or transdermic or skin or dermal) and (drug delivery systems or therapeutic systems or drug administration) grouped under the Mesh terms cutaneous administration, perioperative care, surgery, pharmacokinetics, nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, scopolamine, estradiol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original articles, general articles reviews, guidelines, letters to the editor and case reports have been selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were analyzed for each transdermal treatment in terms of pharmacokinetics as well as anaesthetics and surgical interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transdermal nicotine must be removed before anaesthesia of patients with coronary disease or with high risk of inhalation and in case of reconstructive surgery. Transdermal fentanyl must be maintained during the perioperative period and associated with preventive treatments of hyperalgesia. Transdermal administration of fentanyl by iontophoresis is a promising system for postoperative analgesia. Transdermal nitroglycerin must be maintained before scheduled surgery of a coronary patient. Transdermal scopolamine must be removed the day before surgery because of its side effects. It could have an interest in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, but its therapeutic method remain to be defined. Transdermal estradiol can be maintained during the perioperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of transdermal therapeutics in peri operative care can be adapted for each treatment and for each patient by knowing pharmacokinetics as well as anaesthetics and surgical interactions. In emergency situations, the actions to be taken do not generally differ, but one must be aware that the effects of trandermal treatments do not disappear immediately when removed, due to their pharmacokinetics properties.
authors.affiliation: Fédération d'anesthésie-réanimation urgences Citera, HIA Robert-Picqué, BP 28, 33998 Bordeaux Armées, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran-Van
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dardare
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benois
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fontaine
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000700:Analgesics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D000075202:Contraindications; D004058:Diffusion; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000777:Anesthetics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D004958:Estradiol; D009538:Nicotine; D012601:Scopolamine; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D005283:Fentanyl