title: Chromium picolinate inhibits resistin secretion in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of amp-activated protein kinase.
abstract: 1. Chromium picolinate (CrPic) has been recommended as an alternative therapeutic regimen for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the action of CrPic is poorly understood. 2. Using normal and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined the effects of CrPic on the gene transcription and secretion of adiponectin and resistin. In addition, using immunoblotting, ELISA and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we investigated the effects of 10 nmol/L CrPic for 24 h on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to determine whether this pathway contributed to the regulation of adiponectin and resistin expression and secretion. 3. Chromium picolinate did not modulate the expression of adiponectin and resistin; however, it did significantly inhibit the secretion of resistin, but not adiponectin, by normal and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Furthermore, although CrPic markedly elevated levels of phosphorylated AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it had no effect on the levels of AMPK alpha-1 and alpha-2 mRNA transcripts. Importantly, inhibition of AMPK by 2 h pretreatment of cells with 20 micromol/L compound C completely abolished the CrPic-induced suppression of resistin secretion. 4. In conclusion, the data suggest that CrPic inhibits resistin secretion via activation of AMPK in normal and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D051379:Mice; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D052243:Resistin; C499623:Retn protein, mouse; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C030614:picolinic acid