title: Turning cancer stem cells inside out: an exploration of glioma stem cell signaling pathways.
abstract: Tumors are complex collections of heterogeneous cells with recruited vasculature, inflammatory cells, and stromal elements. Neoplastic cells frequently display a hierarchy in differentiation status. Recent studies suggest that brain tumors have a limited population of neoplastic cells called cancer stem cells with the capacity for sustained self-renewal and tumor propagation. Brain tumor stem cells contribute to therapeutic resistance and tumor angiogenesis. In this minireview, we summarize recent data regarding critical signaling pathways involved in brain tumor stem cell biology and discuss how targeting these molecules may contribute to the development of novel anti-glioma therapies.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
authors.forename: Anita B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hjelmeland
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Surgery, Durham, North Carolina 27710. Electronic address: richj@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases