title: Roles of organic acids and nitrate in the long-distance transport of cobalt in xylem saps of Alyssum murale and Trifolium subterraneum.
abstract: Roles of organic acids and nitrate in the long-distance transport of cobalt (Co) in xylem saps of hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale and non-hyperaccumulator Trifolium subterraneum were studied under hydroponic conditions. Organic acids (oxalic, malic, malonic, citric, and fumaric) and nitrate in xylem sap samples were separated and determined simultaneously by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography after solid-phase extraction with nanosized hydroxyapatite. Results indicated that Co treatment significantly increased the concentrations of xylem oxalic and malic acids for the hyperaccumulator A. murale compared to the control but significantly decreased the concentrations of xylem nitrate and malonic acid; concentrations of citric acid in xylem sap samples did not show significant difference between the control and Co treatments. By analyzing the relationship between the concentrations of organic acids, nitrate, and concentrations of Co in xylem saps, it could be concluded that oxalic and malic acids in xylem saps seemed to participate in the long-distance Co translocation process, and citric acid did not relate to the xylem Co transport of A. murale and T. subterraneum. Our work might be very useful for understanding the mechanism of long-distance transport of heavy metals in hyperaccumulator.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng-Gui
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hui-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003035:Cobalt / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008293:Malates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012015:Reference Standards; D029921:Trifolium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D052584:Xylem / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D009566:Nitrates; D003035:Cobalt; C030298:malic acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid