title: Disturbed sleep and musculoskeletal pain in the bed partner of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been recognized as a distressing experience to the female partner, but a causal association remains controversial. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence supports a relationship of distress and sleep disruptions with musculoskeletal pain, also prevalent in middle-aged women. To test the hypothesis that sharing a bed with an OSA man may contribute to manifestations of distress and impaired sleep, we conducted a case-control study of 17 OSA wives and 17 wives of healthy sleepers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical outcome variables were scores of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and visual analog scales (VAS), tender point (TP) count and algometric index. Sleep outcome parameters were VAS scores for sleep quality and polysomnographic (PSG) parameters. Secondary outcomes were VAS scores for distress and marital relationship and coping strategies adopted by OSA wives. Clinical assessment and PSG scoring were conducted blindly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for age and menopausal status, OSA wives exhibited lower sleep quality and higher distress scores than controls (p<0.05, all). Increase in pain threshold (TP count and algometric index) and in FIQ score were also observed, and in their PSG, there was an increase in awaken period and stage 1 amount during sleep, as well as in alpha power during slow wave sleep (p<0.05, all). These sleep parameters had substantial correlation with tiredness and poor sleep quality and were moderately correlated to pain assessments and distress scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, independently of age and menopausal status of the group, wives of OSA patients exhibited an increase in pain threshold, distress and impaired sleep in comparison to controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. karlasmith@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Anna Karla A
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sonia Maria G
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Togeiro
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Suely
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roizenblatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires