title: Long-term persistence with statin therapy: a nationwide register study in Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preventive statin therapy is often recommended as lifelong treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze persistence with statin therapy over a decade of use and to identify factors associated with its discontinuation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persistence with therapy among new users of statins in 1995 was followed up until December 31, 2005, in Finland using the nationwide drug reimbursement register. Cumulative persistence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. A Cox regression model was applied to analyze associations of various baseline covariates with discontinuation. We further modeled the association of time-specific covariates by stratifying the duration of therapy in years and using a logistic regression in which those continuing therapy until the end of follow-up (persistent users) formed the reference group. Adherence, defined as the proportion of days covered by statins, stratified by the timing of discontinuation, was computed for the respective groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 18,072 new statin users, 73.3% (n =13,254) were aged >54 years and 54.8% (n =9908) were men. Of this cohort, 43.9% (n = 7926) were using statins throughout and at the end of the tenth year. Sex was not associated with persistence at any point. In the Cox model, persons aged 45 to 74 years at initiation were more likely to continue statin use than younger or older age groups. Among those who still used statins after the fifth year of observation, the age difference was not observed in the logistic regression model. The use of 1, 2, 3, or > or =4 cardiovascular drugs before the initiation predicted continuation relative to no cardiovascular drug use (hazard ratio for discontinuation significantly <1.00 in all comparisons). Adherence was best (median 93.9%) among the persistent users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-year persistence with statin use in this general population was approximately 44%. Persons aged 45 to 74 years at initiation and those with at least 1 prescription for another cardiovascular medication were the most likely to continue statin therapy up to the fifth year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland. arja.helin-salmivaara@utu.fi
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helin-Salmivaara
authors.forename: Piia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavikainen
authors.forename: Maarit J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Halava
authors.forename: Seppo Y T
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Junnila
authors.forename: Raimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.forename: Pertti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
authors.forename: Jaana E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martikainen
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruokoniemi
authors.forename: Leena K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Saastamoinen
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Virta
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huupponen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors