title: Relation between psychosocial variables and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional and prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This cross-sectional and prospective study used a variety of psychological inventories to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial factors and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 304 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated as outpatients at diabetes clinics. All participants were assessed for HbA1c and completed the following self-report psychological inventories: 1) Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), 2) Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID), 3) Well-being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12), 4) Self-Esteem Scale (SES), 5) Social Support Scale, and 6) Self-Efficacy Scale. HbA1c was again measured one year later. The relationships between the psychosocial variables obtained by analysis of the psychological inventories and baseline or one-year follow-up HbA1c were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline HbA1cwas significantly correlated with age, diet treatment regimen, number of microvascular complication of diabetes, and the total scores of DTSQ, W-BQ12, PAID, SES and the Self-Efficacy Scale. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression revealed that significant predictors of baseline HbA1c were total DTSQ and PAID scores, along with age, diet treatment regimen, and number of microvascular complication of diabetes after adjustment for demographic, clinical and other psychosocial variables. Two hundred and ninety patients (95.4% of 304) were followed and assessed one year after baseline. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression analysis showed the significant predictors of follow-up HbA1c to be total DTSQ and PAID scores, along with age and diet treatment regimen. However, the correlation between baseline and follow-up HbA1c was so high that the only other variable to retain significance was diet treatment regimen once baseline HbA1c was included in the regression of follow-up HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DTSQ and the PAID predicted both current and future HbA1c to a similar and significant degree in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. tnozaki@cephal.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Koich
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takii
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubo