title: Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans by ultrasound at 500kHz.
abstract: This paper shows a systematic study of the 500 kHz frequency ultrasound efficiency on the microbial inactivation as a function of ultrasonic power delivered into the bacterial suspension. The inactivation of Escherichia coli IAM 12058, a Gram-negative bacterium and Streptococcus mutans JCM 5175, a Gram-positive bacterium is enhanced by increasing the ultrasonic power in the range of 1.7-12.4W and the logarithm of survival ratio decreases linearly with irradiation time, except for E. coli sonicated with the highest power level. The rate constants were estimated in the linear region of the plots representing survival ratio logarithm vs. sonication time. A better understanding of the inactivation process at 500kHz could be gained by suppressing the chemical effects with a radical scavenger. We find out that the rate constants increase with the ultrasonic power delivered into the solution and dramatically decrease by the addition of t-butanol as a radical scavenger to the bacterial suspension. For comparison, experiments were carried out at a low frequency level of 20kHz. It was found out that for the same ultrasonic power delivered into the bacterial suspension, the inactivation was slightly enhanced at 500kHz frequency. The examinations of bacterium performed with a TEM revealed lethal damages arising from the interaction of bacterial cells with the cavitational bubbles. A significant amount of empty cell envelopes as well as their cytoplasmatic content was detected. Thus, based on these new data, the mechanism of bacterial inactivation by ultrasounds at high frequency is discussed here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. koda@nuce.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maebayashi
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050296:Microbial Viability; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014465:Ultrasonics