title: Caregivers for people with end-stage lung disease: characteristics and unmet needs in the whole population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage lung disease (ESLD) (predominantly caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive lung disease) is a significant cause of death. Little is known about community care for people with ESLD especially in the period leading to death. This paper describes demographic characteristics of caregivers, and key characteristics of the deceased irrespective of specialist service utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The South Australian Health Omnibus is an annual, random, face-to-face, cross-sectional survey conducted statewide. For the last eight years questions about end of life have been asked of 3000 respondents annually (participation rate 77.9%). Directly standardized to the whole population, this study describes people who cared for someone with ESLD until death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One third (6370/18267) had someone die in the last five years from a terminal illness, 644 from ESLD (3.5% of respondents; 10.2% of deaths). One in five (20.8%) provided physical care: 43 respondents provided day-to-day and 63 provided intermittent hands-on care for an average of 40.1 months (SD 56.9). Caregivers were on average 51.2 years old (range 17-85; SD 16.5) and one in five was a spouse. Additional support to provide physical care was an unmet need by 17% of caregivers. The deceased were an average of 73.9 years old (range 47-92; SD 10.4). Only 31.1% were assessed as 'comfortable' or 'very comfortable' in the last fortnight of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the health consequences of caregiving, caregivers of people with ESLD would benefit from prospectively defining their needs given the time for which intense caregiving is provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative and Supportive Services, Flinders University,Adelaide, Australia. david.currow@rgh.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Currow
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Amy P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Abernethy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018454:Spouses; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019452:Terminally Ill; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult