title: Effects of simulator practice and real-world experience on cell-phone-related driver distraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our research examined the effects of practice on cell-phone-related driver distraction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The driving literature is ambiguous as to whether practice can reduce driver distraction from concurrent cell phone conversation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drivers reporting either high or low real-world cell phone usage were selected to participate in four 90-min simulated driving sessions on successive days. The research consisted of two phases: a practice phase and a novel transfer phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dual-task performance deficits persisted through practice and transfer driving conditions. Moreover, groups reporting high and low real-world experience exhibited similar driving impairments when conversing on a hands-free cell phone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that practice is unlikely to eliminate the disruptive effects of concurrent cell phone use on driving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple regulatory agencies have considered, or are currently considering, legislation to restrict in-vehicle cell phone use. Findings reported herein may be useful to inform these public policy decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. joel.cooper@psych.utah.edu
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Strayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology