Emanuel Miller Lecture: Attachment insecurity, disinhibited attachment, and attachment disorders: where do research findings leave the concepts?
BACKGROUND
Despite the evidence on anomalous attachment patterns, there has been a tendency to interpret most of these as reflecting differences in security/insecurity.


METHODS
Empirical research findings are reviewed in relation to attachment/insecurity as evident in both infancy and later childhood, disorganised attachment, inhibited attachment disorder, and disinhibited attachment disorder.


RESULTS
Substantial differences are found in the correlates and meaning of these different features, as well as in the patterns associated with conditions such as autism, psychopathy, and Williams syndrome.


CONCLUSIONS
It is seriously misleading to view all of these patterns through the lens of security/insecurity. This heterogeneity in social relationship features necessarily has implications for the assessment measures for social relationships that need to be used.
Rutter
Michael
M
MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Kreppner
Jana
J
Sonuga-Barke
Edmund
E
D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D019962:Reactive Attachment Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*