title: The long (and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip dysplasia.
abstract: Hip dysplasia is a common inherited trait of dogs that results in secondary osteoarthritis. In this article the methods used to uncover the mutations contributing to this condition are reviewed, beginning with hip phenotyping. Coarse, genome-wide, microsatellite-based screens of pedigrees of greyhounds and dysplastic Labrador retrievers were used to identify linked quantitative trait loci (QTL). Fine-mapping across two chromosomes (CFA11 and 29) was employed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Power analyses and preferential selection of dogs for ongoing SNP-based genotyping is described with the aim of refining the QTL intervals to 1-2 megabases on these and several additional chromosomes prior to candidate gene screening. The review considers how a mutation or a genetic marker such as a SNP or haplotype of SNPs might be combined with pedigree and phenotype information to create a 'breeding value' that could improve the accuracy of predicting a dog's hip conformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friedenberg
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Janjira
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phavaphutanon
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vernier-Singer
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Raluca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mateescu
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acland
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lust
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Todhunter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000235:genetics*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D011859:Radiography