Factors that promote or hinder young disabled people in work participation: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this systematic review was to study factors which promote or hinder young disabled people entering the labor market.


METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed (by means of MESH and text words), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL for studies regarding (1) disabled patients diagnosed before the age of 18 years and (2) factors of work participation.


RESULTS
Out of 1,268 retrieved studies and 28 extended studies from references and four from experts, ten articles were included. Promoting factors are male gender, high educational level, age at survey, low depression scores, high dispositional optimism and high psychosocial functioning. Female and low educational level gives high odds of unemployment just like low IQ, inpatient treatment during follow up, epilepsy, motor impairment, wheelchair dependency, functional limitations, co-morbidity, physical disability and chronic health conditions combined with mental retardation. High dose cranial radiotherapy, type of cancer, and age of diagnosis also interfered with employment.


CONCLUSIONS
Of the promoting factors, education appeared to be important, and several physical obstructions were found to be hindering factors. The last mentioned factors can be influenced in contrast to for instance age and gender. However, to optimize work participation of this group of young disabled it is important to know the promoting or hindering influence for employment.
Achterberg
T J
TJ
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.j.achterberg@amc.uva.nl
Wind
H
H
de Boer
A G E M
AG
Frings-Dresen
M H W
MH
D000293:Adolescent; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult