title: [Nickel levels in female dermatological patients].
abstract: Nickel levels in urine were determined among 163 female dermatological patients aged 18 to 46 years. Data on life-style factors were collected in parallel via a questionnaire. Urinary nickel excretion was in the normal range of the German female population (0.2-46.1 microg Ni/g creatinine). The 95th percentile (3.9 microg Ni/l urine) exceeded the German reference value (3.0 microg Ni/l urine). In the multivariate regression analyses we found a statistically significant increase of ln-transformed nickel levels with increase in age and in women using dietary supplements. The following variables were not associated with Nickel urine levels: suffering from nickel eczema, smoking, drinking stagnated water, eating foods with high nickel contents and using nickel-containing kitchen utensils as, for example, an electric kettle with an open heater coil. We conclude that personal urinary levels should be assessed with simultaneous consideration of habits and life-style factors. A German national survery would be useful. Those patients who experience the exacerbation of their eczema in cases of oral provocation, for example, by a high nickel diet should be aware of potential sources of nickel, such as supplements.
authors.affiliation: Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Sachgebiet Umweltmedizin, Oberschleissheim. Ursula.Schwegler@lgl.bayern.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwegler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Twardella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Darsow
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habernegg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fromme
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000652:urine*; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel