title: Antioxidant hydroquinones substituted by beta-1,6-linked oligosaccharides in wheat germ.
abstract: Seven new compounds that demonstrate antioxidant properties, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from wheat germ. The structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 1 was the most abundant, approximately 2 mg isolated from each gram of wheat germ. The antioxidant activity of compounds 1-7 was determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, and 2 and 7 showed higher values than the other compounds. Compounds 1 and 3-6 reacted with the radical cation reagent within a few seconds, whereas 2 and 7 required several minutes for complete reaction. Compound 1 was shown to protect plasmid DNA from oxidative stress damage caused by hydrogen peroxide; this effect was concentration-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sergei S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhokhov
authors.forename: Jelena A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jastrebova
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenne
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broberg
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006873:Hydroquinones; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide