title: Emanuel Miller Lecture: Attachment insecurity, disinhibited attachment, and attachment disorders: where do research findings leave the concepts?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the evidence on anomalous attachment patterns, there has been a tendency to interpret most of these as reflecting differences in security/insecurity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Empirical research findings are reviewed in relation to attachment/insecurity as evident in both infancy and later childhood, disorganised attachment, inhibited attachment disorder, and disinhibited attachment disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial differences are found in the correlates and meaning of these different features, as well as in the patterns associated with conditions such as autism, psychopathy, and Williams syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is seriously misleading to view all of these patterns through the lens of security/insecurity. This heterogeneity in social relationship features necessarily has implications for the assessment measures for social relationships that need to be used.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreppner
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonuga-Barke
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D019962:Reactive Attachment Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology*