title: Upper extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding, 2008.
abstract: Brachial plexus blockade is the cornerstone of the peripheral nerve regional anesthesia practice of most anesthesiologists. As part of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine's commitment to providing intensive evidence-based education related to regional anesthesia and analgesia, this article is a complete update of our 2002 comprehensive review of upper extremity anesthesia. The text of the review focuses on (1) pertinent anatomy, (2) approaches to the brachial plexus and techniques that optimize block quality, (4) local anesthetic and adjuvant pharmacology, (5) complications, (6) perioperative issues, and (6) challenges for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. anejmn@vmmc.org
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gerancher
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hebl
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ilfeld
authors.forename: Colin J L
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: Carlo D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Quinn H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*