title: Initial in vitro evaluations of the antibacterial activities of glucosinolate enzymatic hydrolysis products against plant pathogenic bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHP) against plant pathogenic micro-organisms namely Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas tomato, Xanthomonas campestris and Xanthomonas juglandis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a disc diffusion assay, seven different doses of 10 GHP were tested against each bacteria. The results showed that the isothiocyanates were potent antibacterials, whilst the other GHP were much less efficient. Moreover, the antibacterial effects were dose-dependent, increasing with the dose applied; 2-phenylethylisothiocyanate and sulforaphane showed the strongest inhibitory effects. The overall results show a great potential for using the isothiocyanates as an alternative tool to control undesired bacterial growth in plants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucosinolate hydrolysis products and more specifically the isothiocyanates: benzylisothiocyanate, 2-phenylethylisothiocyanate, the isothiocyanate Mix and sulforaphane, were effective phytochemicals against the in vitro growth of the phytopathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity exhibited by these phytochemicals reinforces their potential as alternatives to the traditional chemical control of phytopathogenic bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This current in vitro study is the first providing comparative data on GHP as potential control agents for plant pathogenic bacteria. However, more studies are needed to determine their possible allelopathic impacts e.g. inhibition of plant growth and negative effects on beneficial soil bacteria and fungi (mycorrhizae).
authors.affiliation: CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Integrative Biology and Quality group research, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aires
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: E A S
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004885:Erwinia / Q000187:drug effects*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects*; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017879:Isothiocyanates