title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulation of cartilage regeneration in canine tracheal graft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Graft stenosis is among the most serious post-surgical complications that can occur after tracheal transplantation. Typically, stenosis is caused by resorption of tracheal cartilage. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is efficient at stimulating bone or cartilage regeneration. In this study, BMP-2 is tested for its effects on stimulation of cartilage regeneration in tracheal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  For tracheal autotransplantation, 24 mongrel dogs were divided equally into four groups and BMP-2 was injected between the cartilage rings at doses of 1, 3, 5 or 7 mg. For tracheal allotransplantation, 12 mongrel dogs were divided equally into two groups. One group received 5 mg of BMP-2 per graft, and the other received collagen only as a control. The grafts were harvested after 4 weeks and subjected to pathologic analysis. The diameter of the graft lumen and areas of new cartilage regeneration were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regenerated cartilage areas were found in both the injected area and around the perichondrium. The areas of regenerated cartilage, as well as the diameter of the tracheal lumen, increased significantly with increasing concentrations of BMP-2. Five milligrams per milliliter was the most effective dose of BMP-2 in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2 can significantly stimulate cartilage regeneration in tracheal grafts and also can be used to prevent stenosis after tracheal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. lxfchest@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qingshu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D014132:Trachea / Q000637:transplantation*; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2