title: Clinical characterization and blepharoptosis surgery outcomes in Hispanic New Mexicans with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clinically characterize blepharoptosis in Hispanic New Mexicans with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and examine eyelid surgery outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective noncomparative case series and retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case series was performed on medical records from 86 patients. Main outcome measures included preoperative correlations between margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, levator function, and age and postoperative change in palpebral fissure height and time to reoperation for recurrent blepharoptosis after blepharoplasty, levator advancement, or frontalis sling surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative measurements between the right and left eye were symmetrical with respect to margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, and levator function (all p < 0.001). There were correlations between age and margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, and levator function (all p < or = 0.02). There was no gender difference detected with respect to age, margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, and levator function (p > 0.39). Eighty-three patients underwent eyelid surgery. As initial surgery, 15 underwent blepharoplasty, 17 levator advancement, and 51 frontalis suspension. Overall, 93.3% of blepharoplasty patients, 47.1% levator advancement patients, and 7.84% undergoing frontalis suspension had additional surgery for recurrent ptosis (rates differed, p < 0.001). Postoperative change for palpebral fissure height was 0.33 +/- 1.83 mm OD and 1.1 +/- 0.86 mm OS for levator advancement and 2.63 +/- 1.34 mm OD and 2.68 +/-1.47 mm OS for frontalis suspension (p = 0.03, OD and p = 0.004, OS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in Hispanic New Mexicans is a symmetrical, progressive disease that affects men and women similarly. Frontalis suspension is an effective primary surgery with respect to upper eyelid elevation, need for reoperation, and time to reoperation in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. richardcutlerallen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qualls
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nerad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D039141:Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology*; D009516:New Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome