title: Evaluation and comparison of the antioxidative potency of various carbohydrates using different methods.
abstract: A detailed analysis of the antioxidative activity of 12 carbohydrates including chondroitin sulfate, fucoidan, agaro-oligosaccharide, 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI), Galbeta1-4DOI, D-glucuronic acid, chitobiose, D-mannosamine, D-galactosamine, D-glucosamine, heparin, and colominic acid was performed using four established methods: 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay, and the deoxyribose method. Ascorbic acid and/or catechin were used as positive standards. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity measurements, fucoidan, DOI, and Galbeta1-4DOI showed remarkable levels of activity, although at lower levels than ascorbic acid. The SOD assay revealed that DOI, Galbeta1-4DOI, and agaro-oligosaccharide had high antioxidant activity, with DOI and Galbeta1-4DOI notably showing almost half of the antioxidative potency of ascorbic acid. Using the deoxyribose method, chitobiose and heparin showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, followed by chondroitin sulfate, colominic acid, Galbeta1-4DOI, and d-glucosamine. Given that 11 of the carbohydrates analyzed share a common structure, agaro-oligosaccharide being the exception, we propose from our current results that at least one amino, carboxyl, carbonyl, or sulfonyl group is required, but is not in itself sufficient, for carbohydrates to function as antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. ajisaka@nupals.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ajisaka
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agawa
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagumo
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurato
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003855:Deoxyribose; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D003855:Deoxyribose; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase