title: Multisyringe flow injection analysis hyphenated with liquid core waveguides for the development of cleaner spectroscopic analytical methods: improved determination of chloride in waters.
abstract: In this work, the hyphenation of the multisyringe flow injection analysis technique with a 100-cm-long pathlength liquid core waveguide has been accomplished. The Cl-/Hg(SCN)2/Fe3+ reaction system for the spectrophotometric determination of chloride (Cl(-)) in waters was used as chemical model. As a result, this classic analytical methodology has been improved, minimizing dramatically the consumption of reagents, in particular, that of the highly biotoxic chemical Hg(SCN)2. The proposed method features a linear dynamic range composed of two steps between (1) 0.2-2 and (2) 2-8 mg Cl- L(-1), thus extended applicability due to on-line sample dilution (up to 400 mg Cl- L(-1)). It also presents improved limits of detection and quantification of 0.06 and 0.20 mg Cl- L(-1), respectively. The coefficient of variation and the injection throughput were 1.3% (n = 10, 2 mg Cl- L(-1)) and 21 h(-1). Furthermore, a very low consumption of reagents per Cl- determination of 0.2 microg Hg(II) and 28 microg Fe3+ has been achieved. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Cl- in different types of water samples. Finally, the proposed system is critically compared from a green analytical chemistry point of view against other flow systems for the same purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Estela
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerdà