title: Enhanced semantic interoperability by profiling health informatics standards.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several standards applied to the healthcare domain support semantic interoperability. These standards are far from being completely adopted in health information system development, however. The objective of this paper is to provide a method and suggest the necessary tooling for reusing standard health information models, by that way supporting the development of semantically interoperable systems and components.
  
  
  METHODS
  The approach is based on the definition of UML Profiles. UML profiling is a formal modeling mechanism to specialize reference meta-models in such a way that it is possible to adapt those meta-models to specific platforms or domains. A health information model can be considered as such a meta-model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first step of the introduced method identifies the standard health information models and tasks in the software development process in which healthcare information models can be reused. Then, the selected information model is formalized as a UML Profile. That Profile is finally applied to system models, annotating them with the semantics of the information model. The approach is supported on Eclipse-based UML modeling tools. The method is integrated into a comprehensive framework for health information systems development, and the feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in the analysis, design, and implementation of a public health surveillance system, reusing HL7 RIM and DIMs specifications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper describes a method and the necessary tooling for reusing standard healthcare information models. UML offers several advantages such as tooling support, graphical notation, exchangeability, extensibility, semi-automatic code generation, etc. The approach presented is also applicable for harmonizing different standard specifications.
authors.affiliation: University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. diego.lopez@ehealth-cc.de
authors.forename: Diego M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blobel
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006751:Hospital Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D012660:Semantics; D012984:Software; D013597:Systems Analysis