title: Effects of altered auditory feedback (AAF) on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production.
abstract: The present study investigated the immediate effects of eight altered auditory feedback (AAF) parameters on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production on two occasions. One of the modern commercially available portable anti-stuttering devices, "The Pocket Speech Lab" (Casa Futura Technologies) was used in the study to produce the auditory feedback alterations. Six types of combined delayed auditory feedback (DAF) and frequency shifted auditory feedback (FAF) and two types of DAF alone were tested for eight participants aged 16-55 years, with stuttering severity ranging from mild to severe. The present study found that AAF is an effective means to reduce stuttering frequency during monologue speech production. All eight AAF experimental conditions reduced stuttering frequency, however, there was substantial variability in the stuttering reduction effect across experimental conditions and across participants. There was also instability in stuttering reduction across the two testing sessions. On average, a 75 ms time delay on its own and a combination of the 75 ms time delay and a half octave downward frequency shift were found to be more effective than other combinations of AAF parameters that were investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After reading this paper, the reader should be able to (1) summarize the research investigating the effect of altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production; (2) describe the stuttering reduction effect of the eight parameters of AAF tested during monologue speech production; and (3) discuss the possible clinical implications of the use of AAF for stuttering treatment.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Speech Science, Department of Psychology, Tamaki Campus, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. alexantip@yahoo.co.nz
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Antipova
authors.forename: Suzanne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blakeley
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams