title: Do facial nerve displacement pattern and tumor adhesion influence the facial nerve outcome in vestibular schwannoma surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the nerve facial displacement by a vestibular schwannoma and nerve adhesion to tumor as predictive factors of facial function outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients undergoing a solitary vestibular schwannoma surgery during 2005 were included. Data concerning tumor size (Stage 1, intracanalicular; Stage 2, < or =15 mm in the cerebellopontine angle [CPA]; Stage 3, 15-30 mm in the CPA; and Stage 4, >30 mm in the CPA), intraoperative facial nerve displacement (Type 1, anterior to the tumor; Type 2, anterior and superior to the tumor and separated from the cochlear nerve; Type 3, superior to the tumor; and Type 4, posterior to the tumor), degree of tumor adhesion (weak, intermediate, and strong) and postoperative facial function according to the House and Brackmann classification at days 10, 30, 90 and 180 were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A good facial function (Grade 1 or 2) was reported in 73% at postoperative Day 180. Univariate analysis showed that facial outcome was better in small tumors, in displacement Types 1 and 2 (Type 1, 46%; Type 2, 34%; and Type 3, 20%), and in tumors with weak and intermediate adhesion (weak, 10%; intermediate, 38%; and strong, 52%). Facial nerve displacement and adhesion were related to tumor stage. The combination of tumor stage, adhesion, and nerve displacement in a logistic regression model was highly predictive of postoperative facial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial nerve displacement and nerve adhesion to tumor are significant predictive factors of facial function outcome after vestibular schwannoma surgery in addition to tumor size.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, AP-HP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Gonzalo N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Esquia-Medina
authors.forename: Alexis Bozorg
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Grayeli
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrary
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tubach
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bernat
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalamarides
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sterkers