title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic versus open approach in colorectal surgery: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This systematic review was performed to answer the question whether hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) can preserve the advantages of laparoscopic compared with open surgery in colorectal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases (Medline, Embase Cochrane) and cross-reference search. The database search, quality assessment and data extraction were independently performed by two reviewers. Outcome criteria were operative time, number of trocars used, conversion rate, incision length, blood loss, time to passage of flatus, use of analgesia, postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, number of lymph nodes and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 162 publications seven publications were selected for comprehensive review. Three randomized controlled trials (RCT) and four non-RCTs, comprising 571 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Because of heterogeneity, the data could not be pooled. The operative time was significantly longer in HALS in four of the seven studies (addition in median operative time of 13-81 min). The conversion rate varied from 0 to 10%. Two of the four reporting studies demonstrated a significantly shorter time to passage of flatus in HALS (averagely one day in advance). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in HALS in four of the seven studies (average gain between 2 and 4 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery while reducing some of the disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery (shorter operative time, lower conversion rates). Especially for indications in which an incision to extract the resection specimen is required, HALS provides an excellent treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.a.bemelman@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: A G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aalbers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doeksen
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Van Berge Henegouwen
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bemelman