title: Professional medical associations and their relationships with industry: a proposal for controlling conflict of interest.
abstract: Professional medical associations (PMAs) play an essential role in defining and advancing health care standards. Their conferences, continuing medical education courses, practice guidelines, definitions of ethical norms, and public advocacy positions carry great weight with physicians and the public. Because many PMAs receive extensive funding from pharmaceutical and device companies, it is crucial that their guidelines manage both real and perceived conflict of interests. Any threat to the integrity of PMAs must be thoroughly and effectively resolved. Current PMA policies, however, are not uniform and often lack stringency. To address this situation, the authors first identified and analyzed conflicts of interest that may affect the activities, leadership, and members of PMAs. The authors then went on to formulate guidelines, both short-term and long-term, to prevent the appearance or reality of undue industry influence. The recommendations are rigorous and would require many PMAs to transform their mode of operation and perhaps, to forgo valuable activities. To maintain integrity, sacrifice may be required. Nevertheless, these changes are in the best interest of the PMAs, the profession, their members, and the larger society.
authors.affiliation: Institute on Medicine as a Profession, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA. djr5@columbia.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Carol D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chimonas
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Ralph W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: June E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wofsy