title: The effectiveness of the Uchida-Kraepelin test for psychological stress: an analysis of plasma and salivary stress substances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) system are the major stress-response pathways. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) represents HPA axis activity, while plasma catecholamines are used as markers of the SAM system. Salivary alpha amylase (AA), chromogranin A (CgA), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) are candidate markers of stress activation, although their role has not been established. The Uchida-Kraepelin (U-K) test is a questionnaire that requires intense concentration and effort, and has been used as a tool to induce mental stress. However, it is not clear whether or not the test is effective as a psychological/mental stressor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, normal young women took the U-K test and serial measurements of plasma ACTH and catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline) (n = 10), as well as salivary AA, CgA, and IgA (n = 16) before, during and after the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no changes in any of these parameters at any time point during or after the U-K test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the U-K test is not a suitable for measuring the psychological/mental stress of young women because the plasma data showed that it did not affect the HPA axis and SAM system. The U-K test should be employed carefully as a psychological/mental stressor due to insufficient scientific evidence of its effectiveness. In addition, salivary AA, CgA, and IgA should not simply be compared with previous reports, because the mechanism of secretion and normal range of each salivary parameter remain unknown. Salivary AA, CgA, and IgA may not be suitable candidate markers of psychological/mental stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosomatic Medicine and Oral Medicine, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan. k-s@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koreaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shoji