title: Identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy by contractile reserve during stress echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains a challenge. We assessed the role of dyssynchrony (DYS) and contractile reserve (CR) in identifying CRT responders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients (55% with ischaemic aetiology) referred for CRT (ejection fraction < or =35%, New York Heart Association > or =III, and QRS duration > or =120 ms) underwent baseline evaluation of DYS and dobutamine stress-echo [up to 40 microg/kg/min: CR was defined as a wall motion score index (WMSI) variation > or =0.20]. CRT responders were identified by clinical and/or echocardiographic [end-systolic volume (ESV) decrease > or =15%] follow-up criteria. During a median follow-up of 11 months, 46 patients (66%) were classified as clinical responders. Reverse remodelling was found in 34 of the 59 patients (58%) with echocardiographic follow-up. CR was present in 78% of clinical responders (P = 0.001) and in 69% with reverse remodelling (P = 0.005). DYS was equally present in the two groups. Reverse remodelling was correlated with rest-stress changes in ESV (r = 0.439, P = 0.003) and in WMSI (r = 0.450, P = 0.001), but not with DYS. CR (OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.4-27.6, P = 0.015) was the best predictor of response to CRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with CR show a favourable clinical and reverse LV remodelling response to CRT. This finding shifts the focus from electrical (dyssynchrony) to the myocardial substrate of functional response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Viale Principe di Napoli, Benevento, Italy. qciampi@iol.it
authors.forename: Quirino
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ciampi
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pratali
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Citro
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piacenti
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Villari
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picano