title: Effectiveness of a 3-week multimodal inpatient pain treatment for adolescents suffering from chronic pain: statistical and clinical significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 3-week multimodal inpatient pain program for children and adolescents with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effectiveness was investigated for pain-related variables (pain intensity, pain-related disability) and emotional distress in 3 ways: (1) in terms of statistically significant changes; (2) in terms of the clinical significance of these changes by creating post-hoc outcome groups for pain-related variables and emotional distress; and (3) in terms of the clinically significant overall amelioration generalizing the outcome over 3 variables (ie, pain intensity, pain-related disability, and school absence). One hundred sixty-seven adolescents (aged between 11 and 18 y) with various pain disorders (50% with headache) who met inpatient criteria were evaluated at baseline and 3 months posttreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients demonstrated statistically significant changes in all variables with large to medium effect sizes. Seventy-two percent and 45% of the patients demonstrated clinically significant changes in pain intensity and pain-related disability, respectively. The percentages of patients demonstrating clinically significant change in emotional distress ranged from 13% to 26%. Seventy-seven adolescents demonstrated overall amelioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the study are promising in at least 2 ways: (1) a multimodal inpatient program might stop the negative effects of chronic pain, disability, and emotional distress in children and adolescents, and (2) the exploration of clinical significance testing has demonstrated utility and can be applied to future effectiveness studies in pediatric pain.
authors.affiliation: Vodafone Foundation Institute of Children's Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, Datteln, Germany. T.Hechler@kinderklinik-datteln.de
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hechler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dobe
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kosfelder
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Damschen
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blankenburg
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zernikow