title: Application of therapeutic insonation to malignant glioma cells and facilitation by echo-contrast microbubbles of levovist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignancies affecting the central nervous system are intractable to conventional therapies thereby requiring an alternative strategy, such as ultrasound irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We originally designed a transducer for intracranial insonation and investigated the effect of 210.4 kHz ultrasound on malignant glioma cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The insonation of 2.61 W/cm2 effectively disrupted the malignant cells. This effect was reinforced by the echo-contrast agent, Levovist. The condition was applied to tumor-bearing animals and external insonation inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth. It also repressed the growth of intracranially implanted tumors and prolonged survival of the animals. When Levovist was stereotactically injected into the tumors, the effect of insonation was significantly enhanced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A neuronavigation system or stereotactic device has been used commonly for patients with brain tumor. Administration of combination therapy consisting of insonation and a local echo-contrast agent will have a role in improving the treatment for malignant gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. manome@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manome
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuhata
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Naotake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Funamizu
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishizawa
authors.forename: Nobutake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe