title: Growth factors outside the PDGF family drive experimental PVR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a recurring and problematic disease for which there is no pharmacologic treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the vitreous is associated with experimental and clinical PVR. Furthermore, PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) are present and activated in epiretinal membranes of patient donors, and they are essential for experimental PVR. These observations suggest that PVR arises at least in part from PDGF/PDGFR-driven events. The goal of this study was to determine whether PDGFs were a potential therapeutic target for PVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental PVR was induced in rabbits by injecting fibroblasts. Vitreous specimens were collected from experimental rabbits or from patients undergoing vitrectomy to repair retinal detachment. A neutralizing PDGF antibody and a PDGF Trap were tested for their ability to prevent experimental PVR. Activation of PDGFR was monitored by antiphosphotyrosine Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated PDGFRs. Contraction of collagen gels was monitored in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutralizing vitreal PDGFs did not effectively attenuate PVR, even though the reagents used potently blocked PDGF-dependent activation of the PDGF alpha receptor (PDGFRalpha). Vitreal growth factors outside the PDGF family modestly activated PDGFRalpha and appeared to do so without engaging the ligand-binding domain of PDGFRalpha. This indirect route to activate PDGFRalpha had profound functional consequences. It promoted the contraction of collagen gels and appeared sufficient to drive experimental PVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PDGF appears to be a poor therapeutic target, PDGFRalpha is particularly attractive because it can be activated by a much larger spectrum of vitreal growth factors than previously appreciated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Hetian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hovland
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilbertson
authors.forename: Andrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazlauskas