title: Diagnosing and treating nasal septal perforations.
abstract: The authors present a comprehensive treatment guide to nasal septal perforations. Successful surgical repair requires vascularized tissue flaps, interpositional tissue scaffolding, and tension-free closure. However, surgical techniques vary with the size of the defect, and there is no single universally effective procedure.
authors.forename: Stephen Eric
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Metzinger