title: Improvement of the diabetic foot upon testosterone administration to hypogonadal men with peripheral arterial disease. Report of three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower extremity complications (neuropathy, ulceration, infection, and peripheral arterial disease) are common in diabetes mellitus. There is an inverse relation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and HbA1c concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the beneficial effects of administration of testosterone to three men with a diabetic foot whose serum testosterone was subnormal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon normalization of serum testosterone there was an improvement of hyperglycemia, a decrease of leukocytes and of fibrinogen levels, an increase of antithrombin III activity and of tissue oxygen pressure. The wound showed granulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beneficial effects of administration of testosterone to hypogonadal with a diabetic foot may be due to improved vascularization and to anti-inflammatory action.
authors.affiliation: Russian Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia. Kalinchenko@list.ru
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalinchenko
authors.forename: Alexandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zemlyanoy
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gooren