title: A cell-free protein-producing gel.
abstract: Proteins are important biomaterials and are generally produced in living cells. Here, we show a novel DNA hydrogel that is capable of producing functional proteins without any living cells. This protein-producing gel (termed 'the P-gel system' or 'P-gel') consists of genes as part of the gel scaffolding. This is the first time that a hydrogel has been used to produce proteins. The efficiency was about 300 times higher than current, solution-based systems. In terms of volumetric yield, the P-gel produced up to 5 mg ml(-1) of functional proteins. The mechanisms behind the high efficiency and yield include improved gene stability, higher local concentration and a faster enzyme turnover rate due to a closer proximity of genes. We have tested a total of 16 different P-gels and have successfully produced all 16 proteins including membrane and toxic proteins, demonstrating that the P-gel system can serve as a general protein production technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701, USA.
authors.forename: Nokyoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Hisakage
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funabashi
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo