title: Chronic kidney disease and dipstick proteinuria are risk factors for stent thrombosis in patients with myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney failure (stage 5 chronic kidney disease [CKD]) is an independent risk factor for stent thrombosis (ST). Moderate (stage 3-4) CKD and proteinuria are both associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including worse outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). Whether moderate CKD and proteinuria increase the risk of ST after MI is not known. This study evaluated the risk of ST associated with moderate CKD and dipstick proteinuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 956 non-stage 5 CKD patients who were admitted with MI and received intracoronary stenting. Clinical follow-up was collected at 1 year for definite or probable ST, as well as for all-cause mortality, nonfatal MI or death, and target vessel revascularization or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for multiple clinical and biochemical covariates, patients with both estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 15 to 59 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) and > or =30 mg/dL dipstick proteinuria had increased cumulative incidence of ST (hazard rate [HR] 3.69, 95% CI 1.54-8.89), all-cause mortality (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.34-5.37), and nonfatal MI or death (HR 3.20, 95% CI 1.77-5.81) at 1 year. In addition, estimated GFR of 15 to 59 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) was a significant independent predictor of ST (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.33-5.10). Dipstick proteinuria > or =30 mg/dL was associated with a trend toward increased risk for all outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an acute MI population, moderate CKD was identified as a novel prognostic marker for ST. In addition, patients with both decreased GFR and proteinuria had higher incidences of all-cause mortality and nonfatal MI or death than patients with either condition alone.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sacrinty
authors.forename: Terry R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ketch
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Renato M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Kurt R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kutcher
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sane