title: VEGFA upregulates FLJ10540 and modulates migration and invasion of lung cancer via PI3K/AKT pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the world. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rates with an overall 5-year survival of only 15%. This high mortality is probably attributable to early metastasis. Although several well-known markers correlated with poor/metastasis prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients by immunohistochemistry was reported, the molecular mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma development are still not clear. To explore novel molecular markers and their signaling pathways will be crucial for aiding in treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To identify novel lung adenocarcinoma-associated /metastasis genes and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms of these targets in lung cancer progression, we created a bioinformatics scheme consisting of integrating three gene expression profile datasets, including pairwise lung adenocarcinoma, secondary metastatic tumors vs. benign tumors, and a series of invasive cell lines. Among the novel targets identified, FLJ10540 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we employed two co-expression strategies to identify in which pathway FLJ10540 was involved. Lung adenocarcinoma array profiles and tissue microarray IHC staining data showed that FLJ10540 and VEGF-A, as well as FLJ10540 and phospho-AKT exhibit positive correlations, respectively. Stimulation of lung cancer cells with VEGF-A results in an increase in FLJ10540 protein expression and enhances complex formation with PI3K. Treatment with VEGFR2 and PI3K inhibitors affects cell migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, knockdown of FLJ10540 destabilizes formation of the P110-alpha/P85-alpha-(PI3K) complex, further supporting the participation of FLJ10540 in the VEGF-A/PI3K/AKT pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding set the stage for further testing of FLJ10540 as a new therapeutic target for treating lung cancer and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies that are able to block the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Teh-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Jen
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yuan-Chii
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tai-Shan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yi-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chen-Kung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whang-Peng
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chi-Ying F
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang