title: Trauma-related nightmares among American Indian veterans: views from the dream catcher.
abstract: Dreams hold particular relevance in mental health work with American Indians (AIs). Nightmares are a common sequelae of trauma and a frequent defining feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite mounting evidence of the prevalence of trauma and PTSD among AIs and the important cultural role of dreams, no work to date has directly examined nightmares in trauma. Drawing from epidemiological and clinical sources, data are presented about nightmares among Northern Plains AI veterans. Nightmares are common among these veterans: 97% of combat veterans with PTSD report nightmares. These rates are higher than rates among other veteran populations. The frequency of nightmares and sleep disturbances increases with trauma and PTSD severity in this population. Qualitative materials, in the form of a brief cultural overview and a case presentation, are included to illustrate clinical and cultural contexts of nightmares in the Northern Plains. Clinicians working with this population should be aw are of the high frequency and cultural context of nightmares for AI veterans. In order to improve culturally appropriate care, further research is needed to better understand the frequency, meaning, and context of nightmares in trauma and PTSD for AI populations.
authors.affiliation: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. jay.shore@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.forename: Spero M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Manson