title: Surgical research in the UK.
abstract: This review focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the law and ethics of research with practical advice for surgeons conducting clinical research. Legal references apply to England and Wales or to Scotland, but the underlying ethical principles reflect modern approaches taken internationally.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Directorate, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. thomas.woodcock@suht.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Thomas Edward
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Woodcock