title: Influence of coronary artery stenosis severity and coronary collateralization on extent of chronic myocardial scar: insights from quantitative coronary angiography and delayed-enhancement MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, the relationship between coronary artery lesion severity and myocardial scarring is unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between proximal coronary artery stenosis severity, the amount of coronary collateralization, and myocardial scar extent in the distal distribution of the affected coronary artery based on both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients (26 males, 8 females; age range: 35-86 years) with a coronary artery containing a single, proximal stenosis >/=30% by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) underwent DE-MRI. The relationship between stenosis severity, collateralization, and myocardial scar morphology (area, transmurality and patchiness) was examined using linear mixed-model ANCOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant correlation between stenosis severity and scar extent (r=0.53, p<0.01). Patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses (>/=70%) exhibited significantly greater collateralization (p<0.05) and scar extent (p<0.01) than patients with <70% stenosis. However, scarring was often found in patients with stenoses <70%. Also, greater stenosis severity (93+/-14%) and mean scar extent (41+/-35%) were found in patients with collaterals than in patients without collaterals (diameter stenosis 48+/-10%, p<0.01) (scar extent 19+/-29%, p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using QCA and DE-MRI, we demonstrate a significant relationship between coronary artery stenosis severity and myocardial scar extent, in the absence of a documented history of acute infarction. The relationship likely reflects increasing ischemia leading to scar formation in the range of angiographically significant stenosis. However, in the absence of collateralization, scar was observed without significant stenosis, especially in females.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Clinical Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bexell
authors.forename: Randolph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Setser
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schoenhagen
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: Sorin J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brener
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ivanc
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Balazs
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: O' Donnell
authors.forename: Arthur E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Stillman
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arheden
authors.forename: Galen S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: White