title: A single high dose of methamphetamine increases cocaine self-administration by depletion of striatal dopamine in rats.
abstract: Psychostimulant addicts often take high doses of drugs, and high doses of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) are neurotoxic to striatal dopamine (DA) terminals. Yet, the effects of high doses of METH on drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior have not been examined. In the present study, we found that single high doses of METH in rats (10-20 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio 2 (FR2) reinforcement conditions, while higher doses (40 mg/kgx1 or 10 mg/kg/2 hx4) caused high mortality among rats maintained on daily cocaine self-administration. The increased cocaine self-administration appeared to be a compensatory response to reduced cocaine reward after METH, because the same doses of METH caused a dose-dependent reduction both in "break-point" levels for cocaine self-administration under progressive-ratio reinforcement and in nucleus accumbens DA response to acute cocaine. Further, METH (10-20 mg/kg) produced large DA release (4000%-6000% over baseline), followed by a significant reduction in striatal DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) contents, but without significant changes in striatal DA transporter levels. These findings suggest that the present high doses of METH caused striatal DA depletion or hypofunction without severe damage in DA terminals, which may contribute to the increased cocaine-taking behavior observed in the present study. Provided that the present doses of METH may mimic METH overdose incidents in humans, the present findings suggest that METH-induced DA depletion or neurotoxicity may lead to an increase in subsequent drug-taking and drug-seeking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, BRC Room 05A705, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. zxi@intra.nida.nih.gov
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kleitz
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ladenheim
authors.forename: X-Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cadet