title: Improvement in the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, by a protease-producing probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, from natto.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and identify a benefic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis E20, from natto (fermented soybeans), and incorporate it into shrimp feed to promote shrimp growth performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protease-producing bacterium, E20, isolated from natto was identified as B. subtilis by an API 50 CHB kit and the 16S rDNA sequence. B. subtilis E20 was able to grow at a broad range of temperatures (10-50 degrees C), pH values (5-10), and NaCl levels (0-9%). The best culture conditions for B. subtilis E20 to produce the protease were 40 degrees C, a pH of 6-8 and 0% NaCl. No shrimp died after being injected with B. subtilis E20 [up to 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU) per shrimp]. Bacillus subtilis E20 was incorporated in diets at the levels of 0 (control), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU kg(-1) for shrimp grow-out culture, and results showed that after feeding on B. subtilis E20-containing diets (10(8) CFU kg(-1) of diet), shrimp had excellent growth performance and production compared to the control because protease activities in the digestive tract were improved by B. subtilis E20.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus subtilis E20 isolated from natto is a great protease producer and is able to improve shrimp growth performance through increasing the digestibility of food.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that B. subtilis E20 is a potential candidate for use as a probiotic to improve shrimp growth performance, and consequently reduce feed costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. chliu@mail.npust.edu.tw
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wang