title: Sumo-2/3-ylation following in vitro modeled ischemia is reduced in delayed ischemic tolerance.
abstract: Several recent studies suggest that sumo-2/3 modification of proteins occurs following harmful ischemia, however, sumo-2/3-ylation may also be associated with hibernation-mediated neuroprotection. Here we investigate the sumoylation of proteins following ischemia and ischemic tolerance using our established in vitro model of ischemia (oxygen and glucose deprivation; OGD). Following harmful ischemia (120 min OGD), we observed a significant increase in the sumo-2/3-ylation of high molecular weight proteins (>85 kDa), but not sumo-1-ylation of proteins. Sumo-2/3-ylation following 120 min OGD was reduced when cultures were preconditioned with non-harmful 30 min OGD 24 h earlier (delayed ischemic tolerance). However, we observed no change in sumo-2/3-ylation in a model of rapid ischemic tolerance. The effects of preconditioning on sumo-2/3-ylation following harmful ischemia were blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (1.0 muM), a known inhibitor of delayed ischemic tolerance. In addition, we observed a reduction in sumo-2/3-ylation using hypothermia (4 degrees C 30 min) as the preconditioning stimuli to induce delayed ischemic tolerance. Further studies show that sumo-2/3-ylation occurs during the ischemic insult and that preconditioning does not change expression of the sumo E1- and E2-ligases (UBA2 and Ubc9) or the sumo specific isopeptidases (SenP1-3). While sumo-2/3-ylation is enhanced under conditions of cell stress, it is not yet clear whether this is a cause or consequence of harmful ischemia-induced cell damage.
authors.affiliation: Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, 1225 NE 2nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
authors.forename: Liam T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gala
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Veronica J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Jessick
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ordonez
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Roger P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meller