title: Susceptibility of an organophosphate resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) to mixtures of bifenazate with organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.
abstract: Bifenazate, a new and frequently used carbazate, is a pro-acaricide which needs to be activated by carboxylesterases. We evaluated the possible antagonism of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides on bifenazate toxicity in Tetranychus urticae applied in mixtures. Two organophosphate resistant strains were used (WI and MR-VL) and several organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl and phosmet) and carbamate (carbaryl and methomyl) insecticides were evaluated. Mixing chlorpyrifos with bifenazate decreased bifenazate toxicity in both tested strains. However, in the strain with a higher esterase activity, antagonism decreased after 2 days. Of all other tested chemicals, only methomyl displayed an antagonistic effect 1 day after treatment. These findings indicate that mixing organophosphate and carbamate insecticides with bifenazate may inhibit bifenazate efficacy under field conditions, especially when resistant strains are present.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jahangir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khajehali
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tirry