title: Vitamin E intake and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
abstract: We investigated the association of dietary alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and supplemental vitamin E intake with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 158), esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 382), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n = 320) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA; n = 327) in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort of approximately 500,000 people. Data on dietary and supplemental vitamin E intake were collected using a validated questionnaire at baseline and were analyzed using Cox regression models. Intakes were analyzed as continuous variables and as quartiles. For dietary alpha-tocopherol, we found some evidence of association with decreased esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and increased esophageal adenocarcinoma risk in the continuous analyses, with adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 0.90 (0.81-0.99) and 1.05 (1.00-1.11), respectively, per 1.17 mg (half the interquartile range) increased intake. However, in quartile analyses, the p value for trend was nonsignificant for both these cancers. There was no association between dietary alpha-tocopherol and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma or GNCA. We observed no statistically significant associations with gamma-tocopherol. For supplemental vitamin E, the results were mainly null, except for a significantly lower risk of GNCA with higher doses of supplemental vitamin E. An increase of 71 mg/day (half the interquartile range) in supplemental vitamin E had an hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.85-1.00) and the p value for trend in the quartile analysis was 0.015.
authors.affiliation: NEB/DCEG, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7232, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carman
authors.forename: Farin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.forename: Neal D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Sanford M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dawsey
authors.forename: L Beth
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subar
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abnet