title: A Web-based, integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in computing over the last 10 years have rapidly improved imaging and simulation in health care. Implementation of three-dimensional protocols and image fusion techniques are moving diagnosis, treatment planning, and teaching to a next-generation paradigm. In addition, decreasing cost and increasing availability make generalized use of these techniques possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, the authors present a Web-based, integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning and treatment. Image fusion technology was utilized to create a realistic virtual image that can be manipulated in real time. The resultant data can then be shared over the Internet by distantly located practitioners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial use of this system proved to be beneficial from a planning standpoint and to be accurate as to the reliability of landmark identification. Additional case studies are needed to further document the results of actual surgical simulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technology presents significant advantages in surgical planning and education, both of which can improve patient safety and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto, Calif. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Montgomery