title: A transesophageal echocardiographic and cine-fluoroscopic evaluation of an ATS prosthetic valve opening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of the ATS valves includes their durability and the quietness of the valve sound. However, a cine-fluoroscopic study revealed an incomplete opening of the valve leaflet. An overall evaluation of the ATS valve was conducted by transesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were divided into two groups based on the opening angle (OA): Group A, with a maximum OA of 80 degrees or greater and Group B, with a maximum OA of under 80 degrees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A, the peak pressure gradient (PPG) sites of the anterior, central and posterior mitral commissure were 8.17, 8.05, and 8.09 mmHg, respectively, with no significant differences among the three sites. Similar results were obtained for Group B; the PPG at the three respective measurement sites were 8.59, 8.43, and 8.51 mmHg, and the differences were not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed in the mean pressure gradient or pressure half time among the three measurement sites or between the two patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, in many cases, the ATS valves did not open completely, the incomplete valve opening did not pose any problems in the valve function itself or in the cardiac functions of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sezai
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niino
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unosawa
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokai
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasamaki
authors.forename: Kazutomo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami