The climate of patient safety in a Canadian intensive care unit.
BACKGROUND
We assessed multidisciplinary team members' perspectives of patient safety climate in a 15-bed, closed medical-surgical intensive care unit through a self-administered questionnaire.


METHODS
We invited all clinicians and nonclinicians to complete a short demographic section and a modified Safety Climate Survey (SCS) in which higher scores represent a better safety climate. We used multivariable regression to examine factors associated with higher safety climate scores. In an open-ended question, we asked all respondents for suggestions to improve patient safety, analyzing text in triplicate, independently.


RESULTS
Our response rate was 93.2% (136/146). Respondents were nurses (49.4%), physicians (16.1%), other clinicians (30.3%), and nonclinical staff (11.8%). The mean (SD) SCS score was 4.0 (0.6) of a maximum of 5. We found no independent predictors of safety climate scores. Qualitative data revealed 3 major safety themes needing solutions: appropriate staffing, medication safety, and improving the bedside care of obese patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Although our baseline safety climate score was encouraging, room for improvement exists. Future research will analyze the responsiveness of the SCS scale to change, following our recently instituted initiatives such as a new graduate integration program, an improved medication dispensing system, newly installed lifting devices, and the critical care response team.
Kho
Michelle E
ME
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. khome@mcmaster.ca
Perri
Dan
D
McDonald
Ellen
E
Waugh
Lily
L
Orlicki
Cynthia
C
Monaghan
Erin
E
Cook
Deborah J
DJ