title: Nasal, septal, and turbinate anatomy and embryology.
abstract: This article discusses the development and anatomy of the nasal septum and structures of the lateral nasal wall. Emphasis is placed on anatomic variations associated with surgically correctable nasal obstruction. Common variations, such as deviated nasal septum, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, paradoxic middle turbinate, and concha bullosa, are discussed. Rare developmental causes of nasal obstruction are briefly outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami-Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neskey
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Casiano