title: Definitive treatment of persistent frontal sinus infections: elimination of dead space and sinonasal communication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontal sinus injury involving nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction is routinely managed by obliteration or cranialization; however, a small percentage of patients develop persistent indolent infections despite routine measures. The authors discuss the course of persistent infection following frontal sinus fractures and propose a novel treatment that definitively obliterates and separates the nasofrontal outflow tract from the cranium in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven consecutive patients with persistent indolent infections associated with frontal sinus fractures were identified and treated at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center and The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2005 to 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were three women and four men, with an average age of 41 years. Injury resulted from motor vehicle crashes (n = 4), motorcycle crash (n = 1), fall (n = 1), and other accident (n = 1). All patients were previously treated with conventional techniques (average, 3.6 procedures and 11 years from initial injury) and prolonged antibiotic therapy without resolution of symptoms. Definitive treatment included radical débridement and obliteration with a free fibula flap in a single stage. All flaps survived and resulted in complete sinonasal separation and eradication of infection. There were no donor-site or frontal sinus complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical débridement, meticulous removal of the tenacious sinus mucosa, and reconstruction with a free fibular flap in a single stage is a superb choice for eliminating persistent infectious complications associated with frontal sinus fractures in patients who have failed conventional management. The fibular flap provides a secure horizontal buttress, seals the nasofrontal outflow tract with vascularized muscle, and obliterates dead space.
authors.affiliation: Baltimore, Md. From the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine and The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Eduardo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stanwix
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: St Hilaire
authors.forename: Oliver P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Manson