title: "Extreme" cosmetic surgery: a retrospective study of morbidity in patients undergoing combined procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is increasingly common for patients to request that multiple cosmetic procedures be performed during a single operation. The advantages of combined procedures include a single recovery period, reduced surgery costs, and faster patient gratification. Traditional surgical thinking, however, has favored the performance of some procedures individually in an effort to decrease complications associated with prolonged anesthesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine whether performance of combined cosmetic surgery procedures results in increased morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-eight abdominoplasties performed by the same surgeon over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Four groups of procedures were compared: abdominoplasty alone, abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery, abdominoplasty combined with facial surgery, and abdominoplasty combined with both breast and facial surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences in complication rates were found among the four groups. The prevalence of morbidity in all groups compared favorably to the parameters established in previous reviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this retrospective review do not indicate that the combination of cosmetic surgical procedures increases morbidity. The potential benefits of combined procedures may be considered with the expectation of comparably low complication rates.
authors.forename: W Grant
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Vath
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stoker