Migraine in recurrent depression: case-control study.
BACKGROUND
An association between depression and headache is well established, but the specificity to migraine is unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the specificity of the association of depression and migraine.


METHODS
People with recurrent depression (n=1259) were compared with psychiatrically healthy controls (n=851) to investigate headache defined according to International Headache Society criteria in each group.


RESULTS
All headache types were more prevalent in the case group than in the controls. However, the strongest association was between depression and migraine with aura (OR=5.6). Among participants with recurrent headaches, migraine with aura (but not other forms of headache) was highly significantly associated with depression.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that not only is there a general relationship between headache and depression but also that among people with recurrent headache there is a specific association between depression and migraine with aura. The association is likely to be explained by overlapping aetiological risk factors.
Samaan
Zainab
Z
McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Mood Disorders Program, Centre for Mountain Health Services, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca
Farmer
Anne
A
Craddock
Nick
N
Jones
Lisa
L
Korszun
Ania
A
Owen
Mike
M
McGuffin
Peter
P