title: Therapeutic potential of sulindac against ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is also associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications. It has been suggested that alterations in glucose metabolism and glucose flux via the aldose reductase pathway make the diabetic heart more sensitive to ischemic-reperfusion injury. Previous studies have found sulindac to have inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects on aldose reductase. The use of aldose reductase inhibitors for the protection of ischemic myocardium is still in an exploratory state.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic potential of sulindac in an in vivo rat model of acute ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (4 h) in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in rats by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, intravenously). Myocardial infarction was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was measured using the staining agent 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. A lead II electrocardiogram was monitored at various intervals throughout the experiment. Sorbitol dehydrogenase levels in heart tissue, as well as lipid peroxide levels in serum and heart tissue, were estimated spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infarct size was increased in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. Pretreatment with sulindac significantly reduced infarct size, lipid peroxidation and sorbitol dehydrogenase levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The degree of cardioprotection was greater in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that the observed cardioprotection provided by sulindac in terms of reducing infarct size in normal rats may be due to its combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The inhibition of aldose reductase may be responsible for the enhanced cardioprotection observed in diabetic rats treated with sulindac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Akula
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annapurna
authors.forename: Siva Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.forename: Gomedhikam J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Routhu Kasi
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Viswanath