title: Infection by tubercular mycobacteria is spread by nonlytic ejection from their amoeba hosts.
abstract: To generate efficient vaccines and cures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we need a far better understanding of its modes of infection, persistence, and spreading. Host cell entry and the establishment of a replication niche are well understood, but little is known about how tubercular mycobacteria exit host cells and disseminate the infection. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium as a genetically tractable host for pathogenic mycobacteria, we discovered that M. tuberculosis and M. marinum, but not M. avium, are ejected from the cell through an actin-based structure, the ejectosome. This conserved nonlytic spreading mechanism requires a cytoskeleton regulator from the host and an intact mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system. This insight offers new directions for research into the spreading of tubercular mycobacteria infections in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagedorn
authors.forename: Kyle H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soldati