title: Removal of ammonium and phosphate from the supernatant of anaerobically digested waste activated sludge by chemical precipitation.
abstract: The removal of ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and phosphate (PO(4)(3-)) from supernatant of anaerobic digestion by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) formation was studied. To be able to find out the loss of NH(4)(+) by its transformation to NH(3), rates of NH(4)(+) removal by aeration and by MAP formation combined with aeration were compared. NH(4)(+) removal by aeration was found to be insignificant. The kinetics of MAP formation was fast. The removal rate of NH(4)(+) and Mg(2+) was the smallest and the largest, respectively based on rate constants calculated. The removal of NH(4)(+) showed sensitivity to Mg(2+) and PO(4)(3-) concentrations and controlled the purity of MAP precipitate. The removal of PO(4)(3-) was found to be sensitive to mainly Mg(2+) ion. These results also indicated that as the supernatant solution became more saturated in terms of MAP forming ions, the effect of pH increase became insignificant in the removal of ions from the solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey. sibel@cankaya.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uludag-Demirer
authors.forename: Maazuza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Othman