title: Results of long-term follow-up of photodynamic therapy for roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a useful and minimally invasive modality for treating centrally located early lung cancer. To date, there has been limited information on the long-term outcome of patients treated with PDT, especially those who are medically operable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beginning in 1994, patients with roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma (ROSCC) who met our criteria underwent PDT at Tohoku University Hospital and were followed up through 2006. Our criteria were as follows: (1) ROSCC without distant metastasis; (2) medically operable by means of lobectomy or further resection; (3) longitudinal tumor length of <or= 10 mm; and (4) superficial bronchoscopic tumor findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 48 patients with ROSCC underwent PDT. The complete response (CR) rate was 94% (45 of 48 of patients). Nine patients (20%) had local recurrence after CR. A total of 11 deaths was observed, with 6 resulting from multiple primary lung cancer and only 1 from the original ROSCC. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates for all 48 patients were 81% and 71%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that only metachronous multiple primary lung cancer was an independent poor prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT is thought to be a first-line modality for patients who have ROSCC with a tumor length of <or= 10 mm, even if the tumor is medically operable. Most local recurrence can be cured by active therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, or PDT. Multiple primary lung cancer subsequent to PDT is an important issue from the viewpoint of survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Electronic address: endo@idac.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakurada
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo