title: Celecoxib reduces narcotic use and pain following augmentation mammaplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narcotics have traditionally been used to control pain after augmentation mammaplasty, but they have adverse side effects, including addiction potential, clouded sensorium, nausea, and respiratory depression. Alternative strategies for managing postoperative pain are expensive, cumbersome, and also have their own risks. While long-term use of celecoxib has been associated with an increased risk of serious adverse cardiovascular effects, no problems have been reported with short-term use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of celecoxib, a selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, to an analgesic regimen reduced narcotic use and pain following augmentation mammaplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients underwent submuscular augmentation mammaplasty with smooth saline-filled mammary prostheses using an intravenous sedation technique. Group A (N = 50) used hydrocodone to manage postoperative pain. Group B (N = 50) used celecoxib 400 mg 1 to 2 hours before surgery and then daily in addition to hydrocodone postoperatively. Narcotic use, incidence of nausea, and complications were recorded. Pain was assessed daily with a Likert pain scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A used 110 +/- 34 mg hydrocodone during the immediate 7-day postoperative period and reported an average pain scale score of 5.1. Group B, which used celecoxib, used 34 +/- 22 mg hydrocodone during the same period with an average pain scale score of 3.3. These differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Group B experienced 53% less nausea than Group A. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, implant size, or complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative celecoxib administration in patients undergoing augmentation mammaplasty significantly reduced postoperative narcotic use, pain, and nausea. Its use should facilitate the patient's ability to resume everyday activities following surgery.
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: O'Hara