title: Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking.
abstract: The present study examined the impact of motivational music and oudeterous (neutral in terms of motivational qualities) music on endurance and a range of psychophysical indices during a treadmill walking task. Experimental participants (N=30; mean age=20.5 years, SD=1.0 years) selected a program of either pop or rock tracks from artists identified in an earlier survey. They walked to exhaustion, starting at 75% maximal heart rate reserve, under conditions of motivational synchronous music, oudeterous synchronous music, and a no-music control. Dependent measures included time to exhaustion, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and in-task affect (both recorded at 2-min intervals), and exercise-induced feeling states. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze time to exhaustion data. Two-way repeated measures (Music Condition ? Trial Point) ANOVAs were used to analyze in-task measures, whereas a one-way repeated measures MANOVA was used to analyze the exercise-induced feeling states data. Results indicated that endurance was increased in both music conditions and that motivational music had a greater ergogenic effect than did oudeterous music (p<.01). In addition, in-task affect was enhanced by motivational synchronous music when compared with control throughout the trial (p<.01). The experimental conditions did not impact significantly (p>.05) upon RPE or exercise-induced feeling states, although a moderate effect size was recorded for the latter (etap2=.09). The present results indicate that motivational synchronous music can elicit an ergogenic effect and enhance in-task affect during an exhaustive endurance task.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Eduction, Brunel University, West London, UK.
authors.forename: Costas I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Karageorghis
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mouzourides
authors.forename: David-Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Priest
authors.forename: Tariq A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.forename: Daley J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morrish
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Walley