title: Evaluation of smallpox vaccines using variola neutralization.
abstract: The search for a 'third'-generation smallpox vaccine has resulted in the development and characterization of several vaccine candidates. A significant barrier to acceptance is the absence of challenge models showing induction of correlates of protective immunity against variola virus. In this light, virus neutralization provides one of few experimental methods to show specific 'in vitro' activity of vaccines against variola virus. Here, we provide characterization of the ability of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine to induce variola virus-neutralizing antibodies, and we provide comparison with the neutralization elicited by standard Dryvax vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Damon
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Whitni B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, 8th Floor, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, 8th Floor, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, 8th Floor, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Belshe
authors.affiliation: The EMMES Corporation, 401 N. Washington St, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Lihan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karem