title: Postoperative recovery profile after elective abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the applicability, effectiveness, immediate postoperative complaints and requirements for a postanaesthesia care unit stay after elective abdominal hysterectomy under a well defined, multimodal anaesthetic regime.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of 145 consecutive patients scheduled for the procedure at a major university hospital in Denmark. Perioperative treatments and postoperative complaints were recorded continuously until discharge from the postanaesthesia care unit. Main outcome measures were treatment regimen adherence, pain, nausea and vomiting, respiratory insufficiency and time of discharge readiness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structured regime consisting of total intravenous anaesthesia (propofol-remifentanil), well defined fluid administration, prophylactic antiemetics (dexamethasone, ondansetron, droperidol), weak analgesics (celecoxib, paracetamol) and intraoperative epidural analgesia (bupivacaine, morphine) was feasible in more than 90% of all patients. In the postanaesthesia care unit, 64% did not require opioids, but 25% experienced severe pain. Mean length of stay was 2 h with a mean discharge readiness of 80 min. Half the patients required supplemental oxygen for 1 h or more to sustain an SpO2 greater than 92%, and 8% experienced nausea or vomiting. A complicated recovery, defined as the presence of severe complaints (pain, nausea or vomiting), with more than five treatment interventions in the postanaesthesia care unit, or a length of stay more than 2 h, was seen in 52%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a structured multimodal anaesthetic regime is feasible in daily clinical practice and advantageous, and that postoperative pain and oxygen requirements (to sustain an SpO2 >92%) are the major determinants for length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit. Further research should focus on nonopioid analgesic systemic adjuvants to improve early recovery and reduce stay in the postanaesthesia care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Acute Pain Service 530, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. atc@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kehlet
authors.forename: Claus M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lund