title: [Correlation between sonographic appearance of experimental testicular ischemia and histological changes of the testis after reperfusion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the correlation between sonographic appearance of different degrees of acute unilateral testicular ischemia and histological changes of the testis after reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male rabbits were equally divided into a control (sham operation) group and 3 ischemia groups. Unilateral testicular ischemia models were established under the color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) observation and allocated according to different degrees of ischemia to Group A (with homogeneous echoes and slightly decreased flow signals), B (with heterogeneous echoes and obviously decreased flow signals) and C (with radial or small-shredded low echoes and absence of flow signals). Then contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed, followed by reperfusion of the ischemic testes. A month later, the histological changes of the testes were observed and the correlation of the histological changes with the sonographic and CEUS manifestations was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concerning the CEUS parameters such as the arrival time (AT), reperfusion rate, time-to-peak (TTP), half descent time (DT/2) of the ischemic testes, Groups A and B showed significant differences from the control group (P < 0.05). The peak-base difference (PBD) was significant in Group B (P < 0.05) but not in A (P > 0.05), and no enhancement was seen in Group C. As for Johnson's scores obtained 1 month later, Group A exhibited no significant difference (8.70 +/- 0.39) (P > 0.05), Group B showed significant difference (6.01 +/- 0.88) (P < 0.05), and Group C extremely significant difference (3.16 +/- 1.05) (P< 0.001) from the control group (9.10 +/- 0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS is superior to CDU in evaluating the perfusion of testicular ischemia. Sonographic appearances of testicular ischemia are significantly correlated with histological changes of the testis after reperfusion. Ultrasonography helps to predict the spermatogenetic function of ischemic testes after reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Xi
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: En-Sheng
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Li-Wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yi-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shang-Da
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gao