title: Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients admitted for acute heart failure have normal or increase blood pressure. Relaxin is a natural human peptide that affects multiple vascular control pathways, suggesting potential mechanisms of benefit for such patients. We assessed the dose response of relaxin's effect on symptom relief, other clinical outcomes, and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study, 234 patients with acute heart failure, dyspnoea, congestion on chest radiograph, and increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal prohormone of BNP, mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, and systolic blood pressure greater than 125 mm Hg were recruited from 54 sites in eight countries and enrolled within 16 h of presentation. Patients were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner via a telephone-based interactive voice response system, to standard care plus 48-h intravenous infusion of placebo (n=62) or relaxin 10 microg/kg (n=40), 30 microg/kg (n=43), 100 microg/kg (n=39), or 250 microg/kg (n=50) per day. Several clinical endpoints were explored to assess whether intravenous relaxin should be pursued in larger studies of acute heart failure, to identify an optimum dose, and to help to assess endpoint selection and power calculations. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00520806.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the modified intention-to-treat population, 61 patients were assessed in the placebo group, 40 in the relaxin 10 microg/kg per day group, 42 in the relaxin 30 microg/kg per day group, 37 in the relaxin 100 microg/kg per day group, and 49 in the relaxin 250 microg/kg per day group. Dyspnoea improved with relaxin 30 microg/kg compared with placebo, as assessed by Likert scale (17 of 42 patients [40%] moderately or markedly improved at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h vs 14 of 61 [23%]; p=0.044) and visual analogue scale through day 14 (8214 mm x h [SD 8712] vs 4622 mm x h [9003]; p=0.053). Length of stay was 10.2 days (SD 6.1) for relaxin-treated patients versus 12.0 days (7.3) for those given placebo, and days alive out of hospital were 47.9 (10.1) versus 44.2 (14.2). Cardiovascular death or readmission due to heart or renal failure at day 60 was reduced with relaxin (2.6% [95% CI 0.4-16.8] vs 17.2% [9.6-29.6]; p=0.053). The number of serious adverse events was similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When given to patients with acute heart failure and normal-to-increased blood pressure, relaxin was associated with favourable relief of dyspnoea and other clinical outcomes, with acceptable safety.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Teerlink
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Felker
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponikowski
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Voors
authors.forename: Beth Davison
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Weatherley
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmor
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unemori
authors.forename: Sam L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teichman
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cotter