title: Anti-MICA antibodies are related to adverse outcome in heart transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical relevance of the post-transplant presence of anti-major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) antibodies as a marker for chronic graft failure in heart transplantation was examined using post-transplant sera from 159 heart transplant recipients. Mean follow-up after transplantation was 7 +/- 4.9 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sera were screened by Luminex (Luminex Corp, Austin, TX) for MICA antibodies. Samples that tested positive were confirmed using a Luminex MICA single-antigen bead assay. The antigen specificity of the detected antibodies was identified. Outcome parameters were survival, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and cellular rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrospectively selected 159 patients: 107 with 0 or 1 rejection and 52 with 2 or more acute rejection episodes, of whom 36 (22.6%) had a positive screen for anti-MICA antibodies. In 19 of 36 samples, specific anti-MICA antibodies were confirmed by single antigen assay. The presence of post-transplant specified anti-MICA antibodies in patients' sera was associated with acute rejection (63.2% vs 28.6%, p < 0.01) and CAV (78.9% vs 32.8%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified anti-MICA positivity as an independent risk factor for the development of CAV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that anti-MICA antibodies may be related to adverse outcome after heart transplantation. Post-transplantation monitoring of anti-MICA antibodies could identify patients with an increased risk for acute rejection and vasculopathy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunogenetics, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. teresa.kauke@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauke
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmoeckel
authors.forename: Marcus-Andre
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiras-Fernandez
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spannagl