title: Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: 3 years of experience with 454 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with 454 patients who had tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (TPCNL) over last 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2004 to August 2007, all patients aged >14 years and undergoing PCNL were considered for TPCNL. Exclusion criteria were the presence of pyonephrosis, matrix calculi, significant bleeding or residual stone burden and need for three of more percutaneous accesses. These patients had a nephrostomy tube placed after PCNL (control group). The remaining patients undergoing TPCNL (study group) had antegrade ureteric stenting. Demographic and perioperative data were compared retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 840 patients who had PCNL during the study period, 454 had TPCNL. The two groups had comparable demographic data except for a smaller stone burden (322.8 vs 832.2 mm(2)) and fewer staghorn calculi (94 vs 154) in patients undergoing TPCNL (P < 0.001). The mean number of tracts per renal unit and operative duration were statistically higher in patients undergoing standard PCNL (1.5 vs 1.1, and 68.8 vs 52.2 min, respectively). The decrease in haemoglobin, complication and stone-free rates were comparable. TPCNL was associated with less postoperative pain, analgesia requirement and earlier discharge (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPCNL can be used with a favourable outcome and no increase in complications in selected patients, with the potential advantages of decreased postoperative pain, analgesia requirement and hospital stay. Its application can be extended to patients with a solitary kidney, previous ipsilateral open surgery, raised serum creatinine level, in the presence of three renal accesses or supracostal access, and in patients undergoing bilateral synchronous PCNL or contralateral endourological stone treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, R.G. Stone Urological Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. drhemendrashah@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Hemendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khandkar
authors.forename: Hiren
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sodha
authors.forename: Shabbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharodawala
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bansal