title: The relationship between alcohol consumption and oral malodour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the relationship between alcohol consumption and oral malodour.
  
  
  METHODS
  235 individuals, aged 46.5 +/- 15.3 years (mean +/- SD), who complained of oral malodour.
  
  
  METHODS
  An organoleptic test (OLT) was used to estimate the degree of oral malodour, gas chromatography was used to measure volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), and a questionnaire was used to gather data about the subjects' habits related to alcohol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 55 individuals who consumed alcohol daily, 17 (30.9%) had strong malodour (OLT score, 4), and there were significant differences among the 'daily', 'sometimes', and 'no alcohol' groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.01). The daily group also had a higher VSC concentration than the 'sometimes' and 'no alcohol' groups (t-test, p < 0.05), and there was no difference in the VSC concentration among the subjects with strong malodour. Analyses of the relationships between drinking habits and the clinical factors causing oral malodour revealed that daily drinking was positively associated with a probing pocket depth > or = 5 mm (chi2 test, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found an association between daily alcohol consumption and strong malodour, especially related to periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. naojsz@college.fdcnet.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hisama
authors.forename: Ichizo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirofuji