title: Fast-track rehabilitation for lung cancer lobectomy: a five-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fast-track rehabilitation is a group of simple measures that reduces morbidity, postoperative complication and accelerates postoperative rehabilitation reducing hospital stay. It can be applied to lung cancer lobectomy. Fast-track rehabilitation cornerstones are: minimally invasive surgical techniques using video-assisted and muscle sparring incisions, normovolemia, normothermia, good oxygenation, euglicemia, no unnecessary antibiotics, epidural patient-controlled analgesia, systemic opiods-free analgesia, early ambulation and oral feeding. Our objective is to describe a five-year experience with fast-track rehabilitation for lung cancer lobectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective non-controlled study including 109 consecutive patients submitted to fast-track rehabilitation in the postoperative care of lung cancer lobectomy was performed. Only collaborative patients who could receive double-lumen intubation, epidural catheters with patient-controlled analgesia, who had Karnofsky index of 100, previous normal feeding and ambulation, absence of morbid obesity, diabetes or asthma, were eligible. Postoperative oral feeding and aggressive ambulation started as soon as possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate postoperative extubation even in the operation room was possible in 107 patients and oral feeding and ambulation were possible before the first hour in 101 patients. Six patients could not receive early oral feeding or ambulate due to hypnosis secondary to preoperative long effect benzodiazepines. Two patients could not ambulate immediately due to epidural catheter misplacement with important postoperative pain. Ninety-nine discharges occurred at the second postoperative day, four of them with a chest tube connected to a Heimlich valve due to air leak. No complication of early feeding and ambulation was observed. Postoperative hypnosis due to long duration benzodiazepines or pain does not allow early oral feeding or ambulation. Avoiding long duration preoperative benzodiazepines, immediate postoperative extubation, regional thoracic PCA and early oral feeding and ambulation were related to a lesser frequency of complication and a shorter hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fast-track rehabilitation for lung cancer lobectomies can be safely performed in a selected group of patients if a motivated multidisciplinary group of professionals is available and seems to reduce postoperative complication and hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department of Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. joaocnp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: João-Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Das-Neves-Pereira
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagan
authors.forename: Ana-Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Coimbra-Israel
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimaillof-Junior
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesar-Lopez
authors.forename: José-Ribas
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Milanez-de-Campos
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riquet
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biscegli-Jatene