title: The endotine: a new biodegradable fixation device for endoscopic forehead lifts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No single technique for fixation of the scalp after endoscopic forehead lift is universally accepted, and complications such as alopecia and regression of elevation have been reported with all techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This report describes the preliminary results of a study of the Endotine 3.5 forehead device (Coapt Systems, Inc, Palo Alto, CA), a new biodegradable fixation device.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Endotine 3.5 device consists of a post on the deep side for anchoring it in the skull and five tines on the superior side for engaging the deep scalp tissues. It was tested in 9 patients, with postoperative follow-up ranging from 6 to 8 months. The surgeon evaluated the device for difficulty/ease of use, palpability, postsurgical pain, and wound healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Endotine 3.5 device produced a secure fixation without problems or complications, although it was often palpable with moderate degrees of sensitivity. It could be applied in less than 2 minutes per side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary findings indicate that the Endotine 3.5 forehead device provides rapid, secure fixation without the complications associated with other fixation techniques. After patients reported that it was still palpable up to 24 weeks after implantation, a second-generation polymer that dissolves more rapidly was fabricated. Further studies are under way to evaluate long-term efficacy. (Aesthetic Surg J 2003;23:103-107.).
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: W Grant
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Apfelberg
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schantz