title: Refractive errors and strabismus in children with Ddown syndrome: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, and congenital cataract in children with Down syndrome and control subjects of similar age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven children with Down syndrome and 151 control subjects were evaluated for the prevalence of ocular findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular findings were discovered in 97.4% of children with Down syndrome and 42.4% of control subjects (P < .0001). The point prevalence of nystagmus, strabismus, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and congenital cataract was significantly higher in children with Down syndrome (P < .0001 for the first four categories, and P < .01 for congenital cataract).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation, treatment, and regular review of ocular and refractive findings in children with Down syndrome is urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Diskapi Children's Hospital Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arsen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akinci
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oner
authors.forename: Ozlem Hekim
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Alev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degerliyurt
authors.forename: Kerim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munir