title: Oenothera laciniata inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages.
abstract: We elucidated the pharmacological and biological effects of Oenothera laciniata extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of O. laciniata extract effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO, PGE(2), and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of O. laciniata were accompanied by decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA. Asiatic acid and quercetin were present in the HPLC fingerprint of the O. laciniata extract. We tested the potential application of O. laciniata extract as a cosmetic material by performing primary skin irritation tests. In New Zealand white rabbits, primary irritation tests revealed that application of O. laciniata extracts (1%) did not induce erythema or edema formation. Human skin primary irritation tests were performed on the normal skin (upper back) of 30 volunteers to determine if any material in O. laciniata extracts had irritation or sensitization potential. In these assays, O. laciniata extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that O. laciniata extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
authors.affiliation: Research Group for Cosmetic Materials, Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju High-Tech Development Institute (HiDI), Jeju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Weon-Jong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Byoung-Sam
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jaesook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Chang-Gu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hyun