title: Childhood psychopathology and sense of coherence at age 18: findings from the Finnish from a boy to a man study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between childhood psychopathology and family factors at age 8, and sense of coherence (SOC) at age 18.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample includes 2,314 Finnish boys born 1981 with information about psychopathology from parents and teachers using Rutter scales, and self-reports of depressive symptoms using Child Depression Inventory (CDI), and self-reports of SOC at age 18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low parental education level and living in other than two biological parent family at age 8 were associated with low SOC 10 years later. Boys with internalizing symptoms based on parent/teacher reports, and depressive symptoms based on self-reports at age 8 were at risk for lower SOC at follow-up. Comorbidity of internalizing and conduct problems had the strongest association with low SOC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that internalizing symptoms, comorbid conduct and emotional problems, low parental education level and nonintact family at age 8 predict low SOC at age 18. Future research whether universal, selective or indicated early interventions targeted on risk factors of childhood mental health problems may result in promotion of well-being (including good SOC) in early adulthood is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Deapartment of Psychiatry, Turku University, Turku, Finland. terja.ristkari@utu.fi
authors.forename: Terja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ristkari
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sourander
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rønning
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piha
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumpulainen
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamminen
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almqvist