title: HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in children who failed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens have recently been used in HIV-1 infected children in resource-limited settings. Treatment failure with this regimen has become more common. A second regimen needs to be prepared for the Thai national program. Genotypic resistance testing was conducted among HIV-1 infected children who experienced virological failure with antiretroviral therapy (ART) using NNRTI-based regimens. Patterns of resistance mutations were studied and options for a second regimen were determined. There were 21 patients with a median (IQR) age of 4.1 (1.9-7.7) years. Sixteen patients were males. The median CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA at the time of virological failure were 647 cells/mm3 and 5.3 log copies/ml, respectively. The prevalences of patients with > or =1 major mutation conferring resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs were 52% and 43%, respectively. Thymidine analoque mutations, M184V/I, and Q151M were observed in 38%, 33%, and 5%. The patterns of resistance mutations suggest that 48% of patients need a protease inhibitor-based regimen for the second regimen and didanosine+lamivudine is the most required nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. ssungkanuparph@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Somnuek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sungkanuparph
authors.forename: Nopporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apiwattanakul
authors.forename: Arunee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thitithanyanont
authors.forename: Wasun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chantratita
authors.forename: Sayomporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirinavin