title: Nematicidal cardenolides from Nerium indicum Mill.
abstract: Three nematicidal cardenolides were obtained from the AcOEt extract of Nerium indicum Mill. by bioassay-guided fractionation. They include a new compound, 3beta-O-(beta-D-diginosyl)-14,15alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-card-20(22)-enolide (1), and two known compounds, uzarigenin (2) and cardenolide N-1 (3). The median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) of compounds 1-3 against the nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Panagrellus redivivus, and Caenorhabditis elegans at 72 h were 103.3, 49.0, and 45.4 mg l(-1), 257.0, 62.7, and 177.8 mg l(-1), and 242.9, 29.1, and 41.7 mg l(-1), respectively. This is the first report about the nematicidal activity of cardenolides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Biao
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Kai-Yan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Ming-He
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Zhang