Community-based adaptive physical activity program for chronic stroke: feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the Empoli model.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether Adaptive Physical Activity (APA-stroke), a community-based exercise program for participants with hemiparetic stroke, improves function in the community.


METHODS
Nonrandomized controlled study in Tuscany, Italy, of participants with mild to moderate hemiparesis at least 9 months after stroke. Forty-nine participants in a geographic health authority (Empoli) were offered APA-stroke (40 completed the study). Forty-four control participants in neighboring health authorities (Florence and Pisa) received usual care (38 completed the study). The APA intervention was a community-based progressive group exercise regimen that included walking, strength, and balance training for 1 hour, thrice a week, in local gyms, supervised by gym instructors. No serious adverse clinical events occurred during the exercise intervention. Outcome measures included the following: 6-month change in gait velocity (6-Minute Timed Walk), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale, Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Barthel Index, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Index of Caregivers Strain.


RESULTS
After 6 months, the intervention group improved whereas controls declined in gait velocity, balance, SPPB, and SIS social participation domains. These between-group comparisons were statistically significant at P<.00015. Individuals with depressive symptoms at baseline improved whereas controls were unchanged (P<.003). Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on a subset of participants in the intervention group. For these individuals, insulin secretion declined 29% after 6 months (P=.01).


CONCLUSIONS
APA-stroke appears to be safe, feasible, and efficacious in a community setting.
Stuart
Mary
M
Health Administration and Policy Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA. stuart@umbc.edu
Benvenuti
Francesco
F
Macko
Richard
R
Taviani
Antonio
A
Segenni
Lucianna
L
Mayer
Federico
F
Sorkin
John D
JD
Stanhope
Steven J
SJ
Macellari
Velio
V
Weinrich
Michael
M