title: Microsurgical varicocelectomy for infertile men with oligospermia: differential effect of bilateral and unilateral varicocele on pregnancy outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of two groups of oligospermic men with varicocele, one having a varicocelectomy (group 1) and the other electing not to have surgery (group 2), as varicocele represents the most common factor associated with male infertility and most reports indicate that varicocelectomy has a beneficial effect on male fertility and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed consecutive oligospermic men who had microsurgical varicocelectomy (233, group 1) between September 1996 and January 2002 and a consecutive group of oligospermic men with varicoceles who elected not to have surgery (127, group 2). The outcome measures included changes in semen variables, partner pregnancy rates (assisted and unassisted) and use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean sperm concentration and motility increased significantly after varicocelectomy (P < 0.05). The natural pregnancy rate in group 1 (38%) was higher than in group 2 (30%). The use of ART was significantly greater in group 2 than group 1. In the subset of couples with bilateral varicocele, the natural pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (48% vs 15%, respectively, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the natural pregnancy rate is higher after varicocelectomy than in those not having surgery, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, in the subset of couples with bilateral varicocele, the spontaneous pregnancy rates were significantly higher after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baazeem
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Libman
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarvi
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zini