title: Telomerase-specific virotheranostics for human head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remain unsatisfactory despite advances in combination of treatment modalities. SCCHN is characterized by locoregional spread and it is clinically accessible, making it an attractive target for intratumoral biological therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  OBP-301 is a type 5 adenovirus that contains the replication cassette in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives expression of the E1 genes. OBP-401 contained the replication cassette and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The antitumor effects of OBP-301 were evaluated in vitro by the sodium 30-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzene sulfonic acid hydrate assay and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model. Virus spread into the lymphatics was also orthotopically assessed by using OBP-401.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intratumoral injection of OBP-301 resulted in the shrinkage of human SCCHN tumors orthotopically implanted into the tongues of BALB/c nu/nu mice and significantly recovered weight loss by enabling oral ingestion. The levels of GFP expression following ex vivo infection of OBP-401 may be of value as a positive predictive marker for the outcome of telomerase-specific virotherapy. Moreover, whole-body fluorescent imaging revealed that intratumorally injected OBP-401 could visualize the metastatic lymph nodes, indicating the ability of the virus to traffic to the regional lymphatic area and to selectively replicate in neoplastic lesions, resulting in GFP expression and cell death in metastatic lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illustrate the potential of telomerase-specific oncolytic viruses for a novel therapeutic and diagnostic approach, termed theranostics, for human SCCHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onimatsu
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyo
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Toshiyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara