title: 2, 5-diketopiperazines (cyclic dipeptides) in beef: identification, synthesis, and sensory evaluation.
abstract: Stewed beef and grilled dry aged beef were analyzed as part of an in-depth analytical program, with the aim of creating new flavors incorporating only compounds identified in the target foods and identifying new synthesis targets. In-house GC-MS analyses of several types of cooked beef have identified over 1000 volatile and semivolatile components; many for the 1st time. Among the semivolatiles detected were ten 2, 5-diketopiperazines (cyclic dipeptides) previously unreported in beef. These cyclic dipeptides are cis-cyclo(L-Ile-L-Pro), cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro), cis-cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro), cis-cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), cis-cyclo(L-Ala-L-Pro), cyclo(Gly-L-Pro), cyclo(Gly-L-Leu), cis-cyclo(L-Met-L-Pro), cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val). All 10 cyclic dipeptides were synthesized and evaluated organoleptically. Among them cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro), cis-cyclo(L-Met-L-Pro), and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) were found to be of particular organoleptic interest.
authors.affiliation: Intl Flavors & Fragrances Inc, Union Beach, NJ 07735, USA.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dewis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reiber
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trinnaman
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Da Costa