title: Immunotherapeutics in development for prostate cancer.
abstract: Whereas chemotherapy is the standard of care for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and is associated with a survival benefit, there remains a need for alternative approaches. Extensive work has been done evaluating multiple immunotherapies for the treatment of prostate cancer. This review discusses clinical results for the most promising developments. These include cytokine-based therapy with GM-CSF; vaccines; antibody-based immunotherapies, including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 therapy and antibodies against additional targets; and dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. Andrea.harzstark@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harzstark
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small