title: Long-term outcome of lesional posterior cortical epilepsy surgery in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term seizure outcome and to find predictors of outcome after epilepsy surgery in lesional posterior cortical epilepsies (PCEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The operative outcome in 80 consecutive adult patients with lesional PCEs who underwent resective surgery for intractable partial epilepsy between 1991 and 2006 was retrospectively studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of remaining in Engel Class I was 66.3% (95% CI 60 to 72) at 6 months, 52.5% (95% CI 47 to 57) at 2 years, 52.9% (CI 45 to 59) at 5 years and 47.1% (CI 42 to 52) at 10 years. Factors predicting poor outcome were the presence of a somatosensory aura, extraregional spikes, incomplete resection, interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) in EEG 6 months and 2 years postsurgery, history of generalised tonic-clonic seizure (GT-CS) and the presence of focal cortical dysplasia in the resected specimen. Factors predicting good outcome were childhood onset of epilepsy, short epilepsy duration, ipsilateral spikes, visual aura, presence of well-circumscribed lesion in preoperative MRI and a pathologically defined tumour. In the multivariate analysis, predictors were different in the long and short term as follows: incomplete resection as proven by postoperative MRI (hazard ratio (HR) 2.059 (CI 1.19 to 3.67)) predicts seizure relapse in short-term follow-up. The presence of IED in the EEG performed 6 months after surgery (HR 2.3 (CI 1.128 to 4.734)) predicts seizure relapse in the long-term fellow-up. However, the absence of a history of GT-CS independently predicts seizure remission in short- and long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery in PCEs proved to be effective in short- and long-term follow-up. Lesional posterior cortical epilepsy may be a progressive process in a substantial number of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Presurgical Evaluation, Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elsharkawy
authors.forename: N M F
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: El-Ghandour
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oppel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pannek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Woermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nayel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebner