title: Pro-active provision of drug information as a technique to address overdosing in intensive-care patients with renal insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correct overdosing of drugs requiring adjustment based on renal function in intensive-care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective intervention study, we estimated individual glomerular filtration rate and assessed whether medication required dose adjustment based on renal function. Senior clinicians received a structured report containing recommendations as to whether and how to adjust dosage in the individual patient (intervention). Prevalence of overdosed drugs (primary outcome), extent of overdoses, and reasons for nonacceptance of recommendations (secondary outcomes) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 138 screened intensive-care patients, 68 (49%) had renal impairment, and 110 (14%) of the 805 prescribed drugs required consideration of renal function. A potential overdose was found in 53/110 drugs (48%) and this rate decreased to 26/110 (24%, P < 0.001) after the intervention. The average extent of overdose was reduced from 54% before to 31% after the intervention (P < 0.001). The main reasons expressed by the physicians for nonacceptance of recommendations were a large therapeutic index or minor overdoses of the involved drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In intensive-care patients, overdosing of drugs requiring adjustment based on renal function is still very common. Drug information counselling significantly decreased the prevalence and extent of overdose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertsche
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfaff
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Encke
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Czock
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Haefeli