title: Inadequate ventilation for nosocomial tuberculosis prevention in public hospitals in Central Thailand.
abstract: METHODS
  Forty-two community and general hospitals in central Thailand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the adequacy of indoor ventilation for nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) prevention in public hospitals in central Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 323 patient care and ancillary areas in the target hospitals. Data on indoor ventilation rate were collected by the tracer gas method and reported as air changes per hour (ACH). The adequacy of the measured ventilation rates were then determined by comparison with the international recommended standard values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indoor ventilation rates were inadequate in almost half of the studied areas (144/323, 44.6%). The inadequacy was particularly serious in the emergency rooms (ERs) and radiological areas, where 73.8% (31/42 each) of the rooms had ACH below the recommended standards. Detailed analysis showed that most of the rooms with natural ventilation had air exchange rates that exceeded the recommended standards, while the opposite was the case for rooms with air-conditioning, particularly the window or wall-mount type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indoor ventilation in high-risk nosocomial TB areas in public hospitals in Thailand was inadequate due to the installation of air-conditioning systems in modern buildings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. wjiamja@gmail.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiamjarasrangsi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bualert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chongthaleong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaindamporn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Udomsantisuk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Euasamarnjit