title: Tongue piercing and speech.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to document the possible impact of tongue piercing on speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire study and a listener experiment were conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight participants with a barbell-type piercing placed dorsoventral in the midline of the tongue completed a questionnaire inquiring about possible pre-existing speech-language problems and about the participants' history and experience with the piercing. Three graduate speech-language pathologists evaluated the articulation of the participants. They scored speech samples of the participants reading a text on a 9-point interval scale with "seriously disturbed articulation" (score 1) and "normal articulation" (score 9) as left and right extremes, respectively, once with the piercing in place and once with the piercing removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants reported having experienced articulation problems immediately after placement of the tongue piercing. These problems lasted from a few days to 1(1/2) months and affected most frequently alveolar and postalveolar consonants. In the listener experiment, articulation was generally judged to be quite normal. Scores assigned to reading with the piercing in place compared with reading with the piercing removed were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals considering obtaining a tongue piercing should expect some impact on speech, which is not permanent, however.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. john.vanborsel@ugent.be
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Borsel
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornelis