title: Subperiosteal endoscopic techniques in secondary rhytidectomy.
abstract: The reader is presumed to have a broad understanding of plastic surgery procedures and concepts. After studying this article, the participant should be able to: Physicians may earn 1 hour of Category 1 CME credit by successfully completing the examination based on material covered in this article. The examination begins on page 27. We are seeing an increasing number of patients for secondary and tertiary rhytidectomy. Conventional techniques for secondary rhytidectomy exaggerate central oval laxity and lateral tightness. Endoscope-assisted subperiosteal techniques in a "virgin" plane of dissection permit a vertical lift to correct aging facial changes without objectionable aesthetic sequelae. In the past 3 years we have performed secondary and tertiary rhytidectomies on 23 patients using endoscope-assisted subperiosteal techniques. Results have been excellent with minimal complications.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Pozner