title: Tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization: a comparison of the Airwayscope, LMA CTrach, and the Macintosh laryngoscopes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS, and the LMA CTrach, in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope, when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing anaesthesia who required tracheal intubation were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh (n=30), LMA CTrach (n=30), or AWS (n=30) laryngoscope. All patients were intubated by one of the three anaesthetists familiar with the use of each laryngoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intubation difficulty scores were significantly higher with the Macintosh laryngoscope and were significantly lower with the AWS compared with the LMA CTrach. All 30 patients were successfully intubated with the Macintosh and the AWS device, compared with 27 patients with the LMA CTrach. The duration of both the first and the successful tracheal intubation attempts was significantly longer with the LMA CTrach compared with the AWS and Macintosh laryngoscopes. A greater number of optimization manoeuvres were required to facilitate tracheal intubation with the LMA CTrach compared with the AWS laryngoscope. The AWS group had a significantly better Cormack and Lehane glottic view obtained at laryngoscopy compared with both other devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AWS laryngoscope has several advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope, or LMA CTrach, in patients undergoing cervical spine immobilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Churasia
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Harte
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Laffey