title: Cdc7 kinase is a predictor of survival and a novel therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and the targeting of oncogenic signaling pathways has had limited impact on patient survival in this highly heterogeneous disease. The origin licensing machinery, which renders chromosomes competent for DNA replication, acts as a convergence point for upstream signaling pathways. We tested the hypothesis that Cdc7 kinase, a core component of the licensing machinery, is predictive of clinical outcome and may constitute a novel therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 143 cases of ovarian cancer and 5 cases of normal ovary were analyzed for Cdc7 protein expression dynamics and clinicopathologic features. To assess the therapeutic potential of Cdc7, expression was down-regulated by RNA interference in SKOV-3 and Caov-3 ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased Cdc7 protein levels were significantly associated with arrested tumor differentiation (P = 0.004), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.01), genomic instability (P < 0.001), and accelerated cell cycle progression. Multivariate analysis shows that Cdc7 predicts disease-free survival independent of patient age, tumor grade and stage (hazard ratio, 2.03; confidence interval, 1.53-2.68; P < 0.001), with the hazard ratio for relapse increasing to 10.90 (confidence interval, 4.07-29.17) for the stages 3 to 4/upper Cdc7 tertile group relative to stages 1 to 2/lower Cdc7 tertile tumors. In SKOV-3 and Caov-3 cells, Cdc7 siRNA knockdown triggered high levels of apoptosis, whereas untransformed cells arrest in G(1) phase and remain viable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that Cdc7 kinase predicts survival and is a potent anticancer target in epithelial ovarian carcinoma, highlighting its potential as a predictor of susceptibility to small molecule kinase inhibitors currently in development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anjana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kingsbury
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tudzarova
authors.forename: Hye-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loddo
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Acebes
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Prevost
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stoeber
authors.forename: Gareth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Williams