title: Microbiological tined-lead examination: does prolonged sacral neuromodulation testing induce infection?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether prolonged sacral neuromodulation (SNM) testing induces a substantial risk of infection because of the percutaneous passage of the extension wire.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 20 patients with negative prolonged SNM testing for >or=14 days who underwent tined-lead explantation were prospectively evaluated. The explanted tined leads were sent for microbiological examination. The tined lead, gluteal, and extension wire incision sites were investigated for clinical signs of infection according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 17 patients had bilateral and three unilateral implanted tined leads. The median (range) test period was 30 (21-62 days). Bacterial growth (Staphylococcus species) was detected in four of 20 (20%) patients on seven of 37 (19%) explanted tined leads. There were clinical signs of infection in one of 20 (5%) patients at none of 37 tined lead, one of 20 (5%) gluteal, and none of 20 extension wire incision sites. There were no clinical signs of infection in the remaining three of four patients with bacterial growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After prolonged tined-lead testing, we found an infection rate comparable to that reported with the usual short test period. In addition, most patients with bacterial growth on tined leads showed no clinical signs of infection. Thus, prolonged tined-lead testing does not seem to induce clinically relevant infection, warranting randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huwyler
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kessler