title: Critical population density triggers rapid formation of vast oceanic fish shoals.
abstract: Similarities in the behavior of diverse animal species that form large groups have motivated attempts to establish general principles governing animal group behavior. It has been difficult, however, to make quantitative measurements of the temporal and spatial behavior of extensive animal groups in the wild, such as bird flocks, fish shoals, and locust swarms. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, we show that (i) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (ii) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (iii) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Each of these findings confirms general theoretical predictions believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratilal
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertsatos
authors.forename: Olav Rune
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Godø
authors.forename: Redwood W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nero
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jech