title: Pulmonary thermal ablation: comparison of radiofrequency and microwave devices by using gross pathologic and CT findings in a swine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the performance of equivalently sized radiofrequency and microwave ablation applicators in a normal porcine lung model.
  
  
  METHODS
  All experiments were approved by an institutional animal care and use committee. A total of 18 ablations were performed in vivo in normal porcine lungs. By using computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopic guidance, a 17-gauge cooled triaxial microwave antenna (n = 9) and a 17-gauge cooled radiofrequency (RF) electrode (n = 9) were placed percutaneously. Ablations were performed for 10 minutes by using either 125 W of microwave power or 200 W of RF power delivered with an impedance-based pulsing algorithm. CT images were acquired every minute during ablation to monitor growth. Animals were sacrificed after the procedure. Ablation zones were then excised and sectioned transverse to the applicator in 5-mm increments. Minimum and maximum diameter, cross-sectional area, length, and circularity were measured from gross specimens and CT images. Comparisons of each measurement were performed by using a mixed-effects model; P < .05 was considered to indicate a significant difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean diameter (3.32 cm +/- 0.19 [standard deviation] vs 2.70 cm +/- 0.23, P < .001) was 25% larger with microwave ablation and mean cross-sectional area (8.25 cm(2) +/- 0.92 vs 5.45 cm(2) +/- 1.14, P < .001) was 50% larger with microwave ablation, compared with RF ablation. With microwave ablation, the zones of ablation were also significantly more circular in cross section (mean circularity, 0.90 +/- 0.06 vs 0.82 +/- 0.09; P < .05). One small pneumothorax was noted during RF ablation but stabilized without intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microwave ablation with a 17-gauge high-power triaxial antenna creates larger and more circular zones of ablation than does a similarly sized RF applicator in a preclinical animal model. Microwave ablation may be a more effective treatment of lung tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Sciences Center, E1/322, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA. clbrace@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brace
authors.forename: J Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Laeseke
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Fred T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lee