New Zealand's venomous creatures.
OBJECTIVE
New Zealand is home to a small number of venomous creatures. The purpose of this review is to educate and update healthcare professionals on the management of envenoming from these creatures.


METHODS
An extensive literature review was performed by systematically searching OVID MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science. In addition, further information was obtained from book chapters, relevant news reports, and web material.


RESULTS
The signs and symptoms resulting from envenoming of clinically significant venomous creatures found in New Zealand are discussed. Definitive medical treatment recommendations are made.


CONCLUSIONS
Encounters with New Zealand's few venomous creatures, while rarely fatal, can cause significant morbidity. Effective management can be achieved by informed health professionals having regard to the principles outlined in this review.
Slaughter
Robin J
RJ
New Zealand National Poisons Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. robin@poisons.co.nz
Beasley
D Michael G
DM
Lambie
Bruce S
BS
Schep
Leo J
LJ