title: Clinical parameters for predicting efficacy and safety with nonablative monopolar radiofrequency treatments to the forehead, face, and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient selection is key to obtaining a successful outcome after nonablative monopolar radiofrequency (NMRF) treatments to the forehead, face, and neck.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to discover at baseline from patient demographics, skin and fat characteristics, measurable degrees of tissue mobility and photoaging, any predictors of a positive result under a standardized treatment algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients (22 females, 3 males; average age 52.3 years) were selected randomly for NMRF treatments (2 nonoverlapping passes, additional passes for vectored contraction and contouring) between 350 and 450 firings with 1.5-cm tips to the forehead, periorbitum, face, and upper neck. Patients were evaluated at baseline and monitored for outcomes beyond 1 year by a number of quantitative assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline and 3, 6, and l2 months, measurements of skin thickness, subcutaneous fat depth, tissue mobility, and wrinkle and fold depth were obtained at 9 different reference sites on each patient. Nineteen patients (76%) who progressively responded to NMRF energy over 12 months were observed at baseline to have a global mobility score (mean +/- SD) of 3.4 +/- 0.27 mm; 6 patients who were assessed to be nonresponders over l year of evaluation began with more tissue laxity and exhibited at baseline a larger global mobility score (mean +/- SD) of 4.4 +/- 0.60 mm. Other factors that were more likely to be associated with a positive response to NMRF treatment included minimal degrees of photoaging and shallower wrinkle/fold development. The variables of skin thickness and fat depth did not play significant roles in predicting positive responses to treatment. Side effects and complications were minimal throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents one of the first investigations that attempts to identify systematically objective baseline parameters that are more likely to be associated with positive responses to NMRF treatments to the forehead, face, and neck. Longer follow-up of our patients and further studies will be required to verify our preliminary findings.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice in Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaston