title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of stainless steel cooking pots in reducing iron-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of stainless steel (Fe alloy) cooking pots in reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated cross-sectional surveys. Between December 2001 and January 2003, three surveys among children aged 6-59 months and their mothers were conducted in 110 households randomly selected from each camp. The primary outcomes were changes in Hb concentration and Fe status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two long-term refugee camps in western Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (6-59 months) and their mothers were surveyed at 0, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Stainless steel pots were distributed to all households in Nduta camp (intervention); households in Mtendeli camp (control) continued to cook with aluminium or clay pots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among children, there was no change in Hb concentration at 1 year; however, Fe status was lower in the intervention camp than the control camp (serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration: 6.8 v. 5.9 microg/ml; P < 0.001). There was no change in Hb concentration among non-pregnant mothers at 1 year. Subjects in the intervention camp had lower Fe status than those in the control camp (sTfR concentration: 5.8 v. 4.7 microg/ml; P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution of stainless steel pots did not increase Hb concentration or improve Fe status in children or their mothers. The use of stainless steel prevents rusting but may not provide sufficient amounts of Fe and strong educational campaigns may be required to maximize use. The distribution of stainless steel pots in refugee contexts is not recommended as a strategy to control Fe deficiency.
authors.affiliation: International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Ltalley@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Leisel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Woodruff
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: Laurent Sadikiel
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mselle
authors.forename: Fathia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Zhara
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mirghani