title: Choanal atresia and choanal stenosis.
abstract: Congenital narrowing of the nasal airway at the posterior choanae, which can be uni- or bilateral, is an uncommon condition in pediatric patients. The surgical management of choanal atresia varies widely in different centers. This article discusses the different surgical strategies including: dilation and stenting; trans-palatal repair; and transnasal resection utilizing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) techniques. The merits of stents, lasers, CT-guided surgery, and the use of additional agents including mitomycin C are reviewed, as well as the particular problems associated with managing bilateral choanal atresia in neonates.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. james.ramsden@orh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Forte