title: Biological effects of electrolyzed water in hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The application of electrolyzed water (EW) at the cathode side to manufacture reverse osmosis (RO) water and hemodialysis (HD) solution can actually lead to less oxidative capacity in chemical terms. The present study examined the biological actions of this water on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the clinical feasibility of applying this technology to HD treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  RO water using EW (e-RO) exhibited less chemiluminescence in luminol-hydrogen peroxide and higher dissolved hydrogen levels (-99.0 ppb) compared with control RO water. The effects of e-RO on PMN viability were tested. HD using e-RO was performed for 12 consecutive sessions in 8 patients for the feasibility test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal cellular viability and function to generate superoxide radicals of PMNs were better preserved by e-RO application. In the clinical trial, reductions of blood pressure were noted, but no adverse events were observed. There were no changes in the blood dialysis parameters, although methylguanidine levels were significantly decreased at the end of study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated the capacity of e-RO to preserve the viability of PMNs, and the clinical feasibility of applying this water for HD treatment. The clinical application of this technology may improve the bio-compatibility of HD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Dialysis and Chronic Kidney Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. mnakayama@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabayama
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Wan-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terawaki
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito