title: Differential impact of apathy and depression in the development of dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuropsychiatric symptoms may accompany mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and assist in identifying incipient dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of apathy and depression in the conversion to dementia among MCI subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  124 MCI outpatients were investigated. Diagnosis of apathy and depression was based on clinical criteria. The main endpoint was the development of dementia within 2 years from the enrolment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50 (40.3%) subjects were classified as MCI normal, 38 (30.7%) as MCI depressed, 21 (16.9%) as MCI depressed-apathetic and 15 (12.1%) as apathetic. The rates of conversion were 24% for MCI normal, 7.9% for MCI depressed, 19% for MCI depressed-apathetic and 60% for MCI apathetic. Diagnosis of apathy was a risk factor for conversion apart from age, functional and cognitive status at baseline (OR = 7.07; 95% CI 1.9-25.1; p = 0.003). In contrast, MCI depressed subjects had a reduced risk of conversion (OR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.4; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings argue for a differential role of apathy and depression in the development of dementia, and suggest the need of dissecting in MCI patients apathy and depression symptoms in the reading of mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. barbaravicini@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicini Chilovi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Ilenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mazzù
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rozzini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padovani