title: How firms set prices for medical materials: a multi-country study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study presents a comparison of medical material prices, discusses why differences exist, and examines methods for comparing prices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Market prices for drug-eluting stents (DES), non-drug-eluting stents (non-DES), and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) catheters were collected from five countries: the United States, Japan, Korea, Turkey, and Thailand. To compare prices, three adjustment methods were used: currency exchange rates, purchasing power parity (PPP), and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratios of medical material prices compared with those in the United States were higher in Japan (from 1.4 for DES to 5.0 for PTCA catheters) and Korea (from 1.2 for DES to 4.0 for PTCA catheters), and lower in Turkey (from 0.8 for non-DES to 1.4 for DES) and Thailand (from 0.5 for non-DES to 1.3 for PTCA catheters). The PPP-adjusted ratios changed slightly for Japan, Korea, and Turkey. When the prices were adjusted by GDP per capita, the ratios were much higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparing prices using currency exchange rates or PPP is applicable only between countries with stable economic relations; adjustment by GDP per capita reflects the actual burden. Further study is needed to fully elucidate the factors influencing the global medical material market.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. idea-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mollahaliloglu