title: Effects of testosterone and metformin on glucose metabolism in endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of testosterone and metformin on glucose metabolism in endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive and Genetic Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine myoma or adenomyosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial glandular epithelial cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) expression in endometrial glandular epithelial cell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the action of testosterone solution, the protein expressions of IRS-1mRNA, IRS-1, and GLUT-4 in endometrial glandular epithelial cells all decreased significantly. Metformin may reverse this effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome could induce insulin resistance in endometrial glandular epithelial cell, whereas metformin has an antagonizing effect.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive and Genetic Center, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. dr_zl@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qinping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao