title: Comparison of standard endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus an optimized ESD technique for the colon: an animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a promising therapeutic technique for en bloc resection of large gastrointestinal tumors. However, this technique has disadvantages such as a long intervention time, complexity of the procedure, and a higher rate of complications. The primary aims of the study were to show the feasibility of ESD in the pig colon and to evaluate a new ESD technique comprising the use of a newly developed hybrid knife for colon procedures combining RF (radiofrequency) application and a distance-dependent water-jet application.
  
  
  METHODS
  ESD was conducted at three different locations in the colon according to the computer-generated randomization list, using either the standard technique (injection needle, flex knife, and hook knife as therapeutic instruments and DRY CUT and SWIFT COAG as RF currents), or the new ESD technique (hybrid knife as the therapeutic instrument combined with the new cutting mode ENDO CUT D) in 12 healthy pigs. The perforation and bleeding rates were documented and statistically analyzed. Intervention time, resected specimen size, thermal and mechanical damage of the resection bed, and number of instrument changes required were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 and 18 ESD procedures were performed by the standard and new techniques, respectively. Complete en bloc resection was achieved in all cases. The standard ESD technique showed a perforation rate of 25 % (4/16) whereas the new ESD technique resulted in a 5.5 % perforation rate (1/18) ( P = 0.035); bleeding rates were similar. The new ESD technique was significantly safer compared with the standard ESD technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new ESD technique for the successful en bloc resection in thin-walled regions such as pig colon has been described. This procedure is as effective as the standard procedure but is easier to handle and significantly safer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Kaehler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Enderle