title: Peer responses to stuttering in the preschool setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated peer responses to preschoolers' stuttering in preschool and sought to determine whether specific characteristics of participants' stuttering patterns elicited negative peer responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four outdoor free-play sessions of 4 preschoolers age 3-4 years who stutter were videotaped. Stutters were identified on transcripts of the play sessions. Peer responses to stuttered utterances were judged to be negative or neutral/positive. Thereafter, participants' stuttering behaviors, durations of stutters, and judgments of the meaningfulness of peer-directed stuttered utterances were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 71.4% and 100% of peer responses were judged to be neutral/positive. In the negative responses across 3 participants, peers were observed to react with confusion or to interrupt, mock, walk away from, or ignore the stuttered utterances. Utterances that elicited negative responses were typically meaningless and contained stutters that were behaviorally complex and/or of longer duration. Other social interaction difficulties also were observed-for example, difficulty leading peers in play, participating in pretend play, and resolving conflicts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the majority of peer responses to stuttered utterances were neutral/positive; however, results also indicate that stuttering has the potential to elicit negative peer responses and affect other social interactions in preschool.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stuttering Treatment & Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 1500, 8215-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2C8, Canada. marilyn.langevin@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Packman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onslow