title: A comparison of echocardiographic findings in young adults with cardiomyopathy: with and without a history of methamphetamine abuse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methamphetamine is currently the most widespread illegal stimulant abused in the United States. No previous reports comparing echocardiographic findings of cardiomyopathy with and without a history of methamphetamine abuse are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a single institution retrospective review of medical records and analyses of echocardiographic findings in patients < or = 45 years of age hospitalized between 2001 and 2004 who were discharged with a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy or heart failure. After exclusion of patients with coronary artery disease or severe cardiac valvular disease, the remaining patients were divided into 2 groups based on their abuse or non abuse of methamphetamine, as determined by the documented history in the medical records or urine toxicology testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a total of 59 patients, 28 (47%) had a history of methamphetamine abuse or positive urine toxicology. Both methamphetamine abusers and non-abusers were predominately male (64.3% vs 64.5%, P = .99), and had a high prevalence of obesity (55.6% vs 73.3%, P = .16). Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the methamphetamine abusers and non-abusers in left atrium volume (119.7 +/- 55.4 ml vs 85.8 +/- 33.5 ml, P = .008), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (201.9 +/- 71.4 ml vs 156.6 +/- 63.1 ml, P = .01), left ventricular end-systolic volume (136.0 +/- 53.7 ml vs 92.3 +/- 55.8 ml, P = .004), right ventricular dimension (26.3 +/- 6.0 mm vs 21.3 +/- 6.0 mm, P = .007), and quantified left ventricular ejection fraction (32.9% +/- 11.3% vs 44.6% +/- 17.8%, P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high prevalence of methamphetamine abuse in our study population. Methamphetamine abusers had echocardiographic findings of more severe dilated cardiomyopathy compared with non-abusers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. hiroki ito@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Khung-Keong
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Mevan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wijetunga
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Irwin J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Schatz