title: Association of self-reported alcohol use and hospitalization for an alcohol-related cause in Scotland: a record-linkage study of 23,183 individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent to which self-reported alcohol consumption level in the Scottish population is associated with first-time hospital admission for an alcohol-related cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational record-linkage study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scotland, 1995-2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23,183 respondents aged 16 and over who participated in the 1995, 1998 and 2003 Scottish Health Surveys, followed-up via record-linkage from interview date until 30 September 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of first-time hospital admission with at least one alcohol-related diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to estimate the relative risk of first-time hospitalization with an alcohol-related condition associated with usual alcohol consumption level (1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-35, 36-49, 50+ units/week and ex-drinker, compared with <1 unit per week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the SHS participants, 527 were hospitalized for an alcohol-related cause during 135,313 person-years of follow-up [39 first admissions per 10,000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 36-42]. Alcohol-related hospitalization rates were considerably higher for males (61/10,000 person-years, 95% CI 54-67) than for females (22/10,000 person-years, 95% CI 18-26). Compared with the lowest alcohol consumption category (<1 unit per week), the relative risk of first-time alcohol-related admission increased with reported consumption: age-adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 3 (1-5) for 1-7 units/week to 19 (10-37) for 50+ units/week (males); and from 2 (1-3) for 1-7 units/week to 28 (14-56) for 50+ units/week (females). After adjusting for age and usual alcohol consumption, the relative risk of first-time alcohol-related admission remained significantly higher for males reporting binge drinking and for both males and females residing in the most deprived localities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate and higher levels of usual alcohol consumption and binge drinking are serious risk factors for alcohol-related hospitalization in the Scottish population. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between alcohol intake and alcohol-related morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Clifton House, Clifton Place, Glasgow, UK. smcdonald4@nhs.net
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg