Fluxionality of [(Ph3P)3Rh(X)]: the extreme case of X = CF3.
[(Ph(3)P)(3)Rh(F)] reacts with CF(3)SiMe(3) to produce trans-[(Ph(3)P)(2)Rh(CF(2))(F)] (1; X-ray), which is equilibrated with a number of species in solution. Addition of excess Ph(3)P shifts all of the equilibria to [(Ph(3)P)(3)Rh(CF(3))] (2; X-ray) as the only NMR-observable and isolable (84%) species. Complex 2 is uniquely highly fluxional in solution, maintaining ligand exchange even at -100 degrees C (12.1 s(-1)). Activation parameters have been determined (variable-temperature (31)P NMR) for the similar but slower exchange in the Me analogue of 2, [(Ph(3)P)(3)Rh(CH(3))]: E(a) = 16.5 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1), DeltaG(double dagger) = 12.9 kcal mol(-1) (calculated at -30 degrees C), DeltaH(double dagger) = 16.0 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1), and DeltaS(double dagger) = 12.8 +/- 2.3 e.u. Intramolecular exchange in [(R(3)P)(3)Rh(X)] occurs (DFT, MP2//BP86) via a distorted trigonal transition state (TS) with X in an axial position trans to a vacant site. The rearrangement is governed by a combination of steric and electronic factors and is facilitated by bulkier ligands on Rh as well as by strongly donating X that stabilize the TS. The Rh atom in [(H(3)P)(3)Rh(X)] has been shown to be more negatively charged (NPA) for X = CF(3) than for X = CH(3), despite the strongly oppositely charged carbon atoms of the CF(3) (+0.79e) and CH(3) (-0.96e) ligands. Clarification of stereochemical rigidity (X = halide, CN, OR, NR(2)) versus fluxionality (X = H, Alk, Ar, CF(3)) is provided, along with a resolution of the long-standing contradiction between the electron-withdrawing effect of CF(3) in organic compounds and its strong trans influence (electron donation) in metal complexes.
Goodman
Jenni
J
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William H. Perkin Building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
Grushin
Vladimir V
VV
Larichev
Roman B
RB
Macgregor
Stuart A
SA
Marshall
William J
WJ
Roe
D Christopher
DC