title: Examining the conspicuousness and prominence of two required warnings on OTC pain relievers.
abstract: The labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is critical to their safe and effective use, and certain warnings are meant to be read at the point of purchase (POP). Examples include (i) warnings that alert consumers to the fact that the package is not child-resistant and (ii) warnings that alert consumers to potential product tampering. U.S. law mandates these warnings be "conspicuous" and "prominent" so that it is likely that consumers will read them before leaving the store. Our objective was to quantify the relative prominence and conspicuousness of these warnings. Sixty-one participants reviewed the packages of 5 commercially available analgesics to evaluate the prominence and conspicuousness of these warnings. Evaluated data included (i) the time spent examining the warnings compared with other areas of the label (using a bright pupil eye tracker), (ii) the ability to recall information from the OTCs viewed, and (iii) the legibility of the warnings relative to other elements of the labels (as measured by ASTM D7298-06). Eye-tracking data indicated that warnings were viewed by fewer participants and for less time than other elements of the packages. Recall and legibility data also indicated that the warning statements compared unfavorably with other elements of the labels tested. Evidence presented in this study suggests that 2 required warnings on 5 different OTCs are not prominent or conspicuous when compared with other elements of tested labels.
authors.affiliation: School of Packaging, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. bixlaura@msu.edu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bix
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auras
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranger
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lapinski