title: Survivin multifaceted activity in head and neck carcinoma: current evidence and future therapeutic challenges.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Survivin expression should be studied as a potential hallmark of higher risk oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) to develop loco-regional recurrences. These outcomes could have a significant impact on both the treatment modalities and the intensity of post-treatment follow-up. Further investigation is necessary before considering elective neck dissection in patients with laryngeal SCC with high survivin expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Functioning simultaneously at cell division and apoptosis inhibition, survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family, plays a pivotal role in determining cell survival. Significant over-expression of survivin has been demonstrated in most human malignancies and correlated with more aggressive forms. This review focuses on the attempts to translate survivin biologic properties toward both a diagnostic/prognostic tool and a novel therapeutic target in head and neck SCC (HNSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  An exhaustive review of literature was performed to investigate available evidence about survivin expression, biological role and therapeutic potential in HNSCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple evidence indicates that, in HNSCC cell lines, survivin inhibition by gene therapy and by small molecule inhibitors significantly increases the anti-tumour activity of several cytotoxic and other targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. gino.marioni@unipd.it
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marioni
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertolin
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staffieri