title: Psychopathological changes and quality of life in hepatitis C virus-infected, opioid-dependent patients during maintenance therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine among maintenance patients (methadone or buprenorphine) with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (i) the frequency of psychopathological symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up; (ii) the association between antiviral interferon (IFN) treatment and psychopathological symptoms; and (iii) to explore whether IFN therapy has an effect on 1-year outcome of maintenance treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naturalistic prospective longitudinal cohort design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 223 substitution centres in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative sample of 2414 maintenance patients, namely 800 without and 1614 with HCV infection, of whom 122 received IFN therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCV infection (HCV+/HCV-), IFN (IFN+/IFN-) treatment status and clinical measures. Diagnostic status and severity (rated by clinician), psychopathology (BSI--Brief Symptom Inventory) and quality of life (EQ-5D--EuroQol Group questionnaire).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCV+ patients revealed indications for a moderately increased psychopathological burden and poorer quality of life at baseline and follow-up compared to HCV- patients. HCV+ patients showed a marked deterioration over time only in the BSI subscale somatization (P = 0.002), and the frequency of sleep disorders almost doubled over time (12.8% at baseline; 24.1% at follow-up; P < 0.01). IFN treatment, received by 10% of HCV+ patients, did not impair efficacy or tolerability of maintenance therapy and was associated overall with neither increased psychopathological burden nor reduced quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest no increased risk among HCV+ patients on maintenance therapy for depressive or other psychopathological syndromes. In our patient sample, IFN treatment was not associated with increased psychopathological burden, reduced quality of life or poorer tolerability and efficacy of maintenance treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. arne.schaefer@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backmund
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyka
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gölz
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tretter
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kraus