Diagnosis and management of sacral tumors.
Sacral tumors pose significant challenges to the managing physician from diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Although these tumors are often diagnosed at an advanced stage, patients may benefit from good clinical outcomes if an aggressive multidisciplinary approach is used. In this review, the epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment options, and published outcomes are discussed. Special attention is given to the specific anatomical constraints that make tumors in this region of the spine more difficult to effectively manage than those in the mobile portions of the spine.
Sciubba
Daniel M
DM
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. dsciubb1@jhmi.edu
Petteys
Rory J
RJ
Garces-Ambrossi
Giannina L
GL
Noggle
Joseph C
JC
McGirt
Matthew J
MJ
Wolinsky
Jean-Paul
JP
Witham
Timothy F
TF
Gokaslan
Ziya L
ZL