title: A review of 100 consecutive secondary augmentation/mastopexies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy has historically been a controversial topic, and it has been considered by some to be a difficult and unpredictable procedure. Secondary breast augmentation and mastopexy after previous breast surgery is rarely discussed in the literature, and little is known about the outcomes of these secondary procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors present the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes in a series of 100 consecutive secondary simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients who underwent secondary combined augmentation mammaplasty and mastopexy from 1992 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The complications and revision rates in this group of patients were analyzed and compared with primary mastopexy alone, as well as with primary combined augmentation and mastopexy. Independent variables such as patient age, history of smoking, body mass index, type and size of implant, and type of mastopexy incision were analyzed for correlation with complication and revision rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major complications were noted in an average of 3.5 years follow-up (range 13 months to 13 years). Minor complications occurred in 13 patients, of whom 8 required revision surgery. The most common tissue-related complications were poor scarring (3%) and recurrent ptosis (3%). The most common implant-related complications were infection (3%) and capsular contracture (2%). In addition, 6 patients underwent reoperation for implant size exchange, and 1 patient underwent revision surgery to receive silicone implants. Patient age, history of smoking, body mass index, type and size of implant, type of mastopexy incision, type and number of previous breast surgeries, surgical time, concurrent non-breast operations, and preoperative ptosis grade were not statistically significant risks when correlated to the complication and revision rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy after previous breast surgery is a commonly performed procedure that is not adequately reported in the literature. Our study indicates that the procedure is safe and has complication and revision rates comparable to primary augmentation/mastopexy.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice in Marina Del Rey, CA, USA. Drstevens@hotmail.com
authors.forename: W Grant
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spring
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Quardt
authors.forename: Elliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hirsch