title: [Effects of surfactant and solvent on the encapsulation efficiency and size in using double emulsion method for preparing bovine hemoglobin loaded nanoparticles as blood substitutes].
abstract: On the basis of previous researches, we have prepared Bovine hemoglobin-loaded nanoparticles (HbP), using the double emulsion method. More mild dispersing treatment was employed during the primary and secondary emulsion; over 97% encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and an average size about 286 nm were achieved by using surfactants, screening solvents, as well as avoiding the traditional strong dispersing process. The value of Hydrophile-lipophile balance in oil phase exerted a significant effect on EE% and led to higher EE% when matched with the surfactants in outer aqueous phase. When compared with the sole solvent Span80, the mixed surfactants such as Poloxemer188/Span80 stabilized the emulsion more efficiently and increased the EE%. The higher concentration of surfactants resulted in higher EE% and narrower size distribution. But over some amount, the surfactants had no significant effect on EE%, resulting in larger size and polydispersity index (PDI). The appropriate removal rate of solvents contributes to higher EE%, smaller size and PDI.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology ,Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu