title: Comparison of electrically induced flare response patterns in human and pig skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the characteristics of neurogenic flare responses in human and pig skin to establish a translational research animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight domestic pigs and six male subjects were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrical pulses were delivered transcutaneously with increasing current intensities, pulse frequencies and pulse widths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammatory skin responses were recorded by laser Doppler imaging and analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher's (LSD) post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcutaneous stimuli of 5 mA onward induced a significant flare development in humans. In the pig, significantly lower currents of 2.5 mA already induced a flare response. Smaller flare sizes of about 3.5 cm(2) were analyzed. The flare continuously declined despite ongoing stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower excitation thresholds and smaller receptive fields of nociceptors can be suggested in pigs. Impaired neuropeptide release, altered vesicle replenishment, different neuropeptide sensitivity, or insufficient peripheral decoding of action potentials may contribute to steadily decreasing flare responses. These attributes may be objectives of pre-clinical anti-hyperalgesic studies and their accurate analysis in pigs reveals a particularly sensitive translational animal model for nociceptor researches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schley
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obreja
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmelz
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rukwied