title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels after surgical anti-infective mechanical therapy for peri-implantitis: a 12-month follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present case series was to evaluate the effects of a surgical anti-infective mechanical therapy for peri-implantitis on clinical parameters and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels at 12 months post-therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with peri-implantitis were treated with open surgical debridement, abrasive sodium carbonate air-powder, and resin curets. Clinical parameters were recorded before and 3 and 12 months after therapy. At these time points, the total amounts of TNF-alpha in the peri-implant crevicular fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 and 12 months, the anti-infective therapy resulted in significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P <0.05). Moreover, the total amount of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced at 3 and 12 months after therapy compared to baseline (P <0.05), paralleling the changes in mean probing depth and bleeding on probing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-infective mechanical therapy reduced the crevicular levels of TNF-alpha in sites affected by peri-implantitis over a period of 12 months, and this phenomenon was associated with improvements in clinical parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Cutrim
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Mendonça
authors.forename: Vanessa Renata
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: João Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: César-Neto
authors.forename: Poliana Mendes
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte