title: Temporal lobe cortical electrical stimulation during the encoding and retrieval phase reduces false memories.
abstract: A recent study found that false memories were reduced by 36% when low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the left anterior temporal lobe after the encoding (study) phase. Here we were interested in the consequences on a false memory task of brain stimulation throughout the encoding and retrieval task phases. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) because it has been shown to be a useful tool to enhance cognition. Specifically, we examined whether tDCS can induce changes in a task assessing false memories. Based on our preliminary results, three conditions of stimulation were chosen: anodal left/cathodal right anterior temporal lobe (ATL) stimulation ("bilateral stimulation"); anodal left ATL stimulation (with a large contralateral cathodal electrode--referred as "unilateral stimulation") and sham stimulation. Our results showed that false memories were reduced significantly after the two active conditions (unilateral and bilateral stimulation) as compared with sham stimulation. There were no significant changes in veridical memories. Our findings show that false memories are reduced by 73% when anodal tDCS is applied to the anterior temporal lobes throughout the encoding and retrieval stages, suggesting a possible strategy for improving certain aspects of learning.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. boggio@mackenzie.br
authors.forename: Paulo S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Boggio
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valasek
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellwood
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallate
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Snyder