title: In vitro assessment of EmboGel and UltraGel radiopaque hydrogels for the endovascular treatment of aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe two hydrogel embolic materials, the alginate-based EmboGel and the polyethylene glycol diacrylate-based UltraGel and examine their use as embolic agents in in vitro models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) endoleak and saccular aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  EmboGel is a mixture of iohexol and alginate, with a calcium chloride solution used to induce polymerization. UltraGel is a mixture of igracure, iohexol, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate and polymerizes in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. Modified microcatheter delivery systems were used in both cases to demonstrate use of the hydrogels in fusiform and saccular aneurysm models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary in vitro results suggest that EmboGel and UltraGel provide effective embolization in fusiform and saccular aneurysm models, respectively. Due to the rapid polymerization of EmboGel, the agent was delivered in a strand-like form. When used in conjunction with a stent in an AAA endoleak model, this form was able to effectively fill the aneurysmal cavity and occlude it from the central blood flow. UltraGel, conversely, was delivered as a liquid and slowly polymerized in the presence of UV light. This system in a saccular aneurysm model was able to form a solid cast inside the aneurysm wall, again showing complete occlusion from the parent flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results indicate these two novel hydrogel applications may prove effective for the treatment of saccular and fusiform aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. brad@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Brad P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Sopo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Aravind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arepally
authors.forename: Philippe H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gailloud