title: Osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and risk for coronary events: a nested case-control approach in the prospective EPIC-Norfolk population study 1993-2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and future coronary artery disease (CAD) in apparently healthy individuals. The identification of OPG as a novel cardiovascular risk marker suggests an association between mediators of bone homeostasis and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of OPG and RANKL were analyzed in a prospective case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk) study, a cohort study of 25 663 men and women, where 951 apparently healthy individuals who developed a coronary event during 6 years' follow-up were matched by sex and age with 1705 healthy controls. Baseline OPG, but not RANKL, was higher in cases than in controls, and OPG was higher in women than in men. Both men and women in the highest OPG quartile had a higher risk for future CAD. These associations were independent of established cardiovascular risk factors, and when using OPG as a continuous variable, also after adjustment for CRP. In contrast, RANKL showed no association with coronary events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OPG is associated with the risk of future CAD in apparently healthy men and women, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0319 Oslo, Norway. a-semb@diakonsyk.no
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Semb
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueland
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aukrust
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gullestad
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S Matthijs
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Boekholdt