title: Shaping the breast in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery: an easy three-step principle. Part II--Breast reconstruction after total mastectomy.
abstract: This is Part II of four parts describing the three-step principle being applied in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. Part I explains how to analyze a problematic breast by understanding the main anatomical features of a breast and how they interact: the footprint, the conus of the breast, and the skin envelope. This part describes how one can optimize results with breast reconstructions after complete mastectomy. For both primary and secondary reconstructions, the authors explain how to analyze the mastectomized breast and the deformed chest wall, before giving step-by-step guidelines for rebuilding the entire breast with either autologous tissue or implants. The differences in shaping unilateral or bilateral breast reconstructions with autologous tissue are clarified. Regardless of timing or method of reconstruction, it is shown that by breaking down the surgical strategy into three easy (anatomical) steps, the reconstructive surgeon will be able to provide more aesthetically pleasing and reproducible results. Throughout these four parts, the three-step principle will be the red line on which to fall back to define the problem and to propose a solution.
authors.affiliation: Ghent, Belgium From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Division of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospital Ghent.
authors.forename: Phillip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Blondeel
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hijjawi
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Depypere
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Koenraad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt