title: Aesthetic and predictable correction of the inverted nipple.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple surgical techniques have been developed to correct the inverted nipple. No single technique is universally applicable for correction of all types of inverted nipple because different types have differing levels of fibrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe a simple technique for providing long-term correction for the grade III severely inverted nipple without the use of dermal flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inferior periareolar incision extending from 5 o'clock to 7 o' clock was made, and a periareolar flap was raised to the nipple. A 3-0 nylon suture was placed through the nipple, after which the nipple was everted through complete release of all fibrous bands and tethering attachments. We accomplished long-term eversion of the nipple by suturing the internal sidewalls of the nipple together.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This technique has been performed in 17 patients with no recurrence 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our technique for treatment of the inverted nipple is simple to perform and provides reliable, long-term correction. Patients must be advised before surgery that the procedure permanently disrupts the lacteriferous ducts and is likely to prevent breast-feeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Depoli
authors.forename: Laurie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Casas