title: Ultra-long-term follow-up of pediatric spinal deformity problems: 23 patients with a mean follow-up of 51 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyze the true outcomes of a unique cohort of patients with spinal deformities who were treated as children and followed for 40 or more years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 23 patients were reviewed who had been originally treated in our community, whose original charts and radiographs were still available, and who had undergone recent evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnoses were congenital deformity in eight, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in four, poliomyelitis in three, infantile idiopathic scoliosis in two, spondylolisthesis in two, and one each of tuberculosis and dwarfism. Sixteen had undergone fusion surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early spine fusion for deformity produced far better results than delayed fusion. A solid fusion at the end of growth remained unchanged. Degenerative changes outside the fusion area were rare and seldom required further surgery. In summary, 23 patients with a mean follow-up of 51 years after treatment are presented. Early fusion was far superior to delayed or nonsurgical treatment.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lonstein