Cardiovascular cavitation.
This article reviews the role of cavitation in the therapeutic applications of ultrasound and laser surgery, and the cavitation effects in mechanical heart valves. Whenever laser pulses are used to ablate or disrupt tissue in a liquid environment, cavitation bubbles are produced which interact with the tissue. The interaction between cavitation bubbles and tissue during pulsed laser surgery may cause collateral damage to sensitive tissue structures in the vicinity of the laser focus, and it may also contribute in several ways to ablation and cutting. Cavitation is also one of the most exploited bioeffects of ultrasound for therapeutic advantage. In both cases, the violent implosion of cavitation bubbles can lead to the generation of shock waves, high-velocity liquid jets, free radical species, and strong shear forces that can damage the nearby tissue. Knowledge of these physical mechanisms is therefore of vital importance and would provide a framework wherein novel and improved surgical techniques can be developed.
Brujan
Emil-Alexandru
EA
Department of Hydraulics, University Politehnica, 060042 Bucharest, Romania. eabrujan@yahoo.com
D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014835:Volatilization