Associations of major bleeding and myocardial infarction with the incidence and timing of mortality in patients presenting with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a risk model from the ACUITY trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the associations of myocardial infarction (MI) and major bleeding with 1-year mortality. Both MI and major bleeding predict 1-year mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the risk of each of these events on the magnitude and timing of mortality has not been well studied.


RESULTS
A multivariable Cox regression model was developed relating 13 independent baseline predictors to 1-year mortality for 13 819 patients with moderate and high-risk ACS enrolled in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategy trial. After adjustment for baseline predictors, Cox models with major bleeding and recurrent MI as time-updated covariates estimated the effect of these events on mortality hazard over time. Within 30 days of randomization, 705 patients (5.1%) had an MI, 645 (4.7%) had a major bleed; 524 (3.8%) died within a year. The occurrence of an MI was associated with a hazard ratio of 3.1 compared with patients not yet having an MI, after adjustment for baseline predictors. However, MI within 30 days markedly increased the mortality risk for the first 2 days after the event (adjusted hazard ratio of 17.6), but this risk declined rapidly post-infarct (hazard ratio of 1.4 beyond 1 month after the MI event). In contrast, major bleeding had a prolonged association with mortality risk (hazard ratio of 3.5) which remained fairly steady over time throughout 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
After accounting for baseline predictors of mortality, major bleeds and MI have similar overall strength of association with mortality in the first year after ACS. MI is correlated with a dramatic increase in short-term risk, whereas major bleeding correlates with a more prolonged mortality risk.
Mehran
Roxana
R
Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. rmehran@crf.org
Pocock
Stuart J
SJ
Stone
Gregg W
GW
Clayton
Tim C
TC
Dangas
George D
GD
Feit
Frederick
F
Manoukian
Steven V
SV
Nikolsky
Eugenia
E
Lansky
Alexandra J
AJ
Kirtane
Ajay
A
White
Harvey D
HD
Colombo
Antonio
A
Ware
James H
JH
Moses
Jeffrey W
JW
Ohman
E Magnus
EM
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood
D014336:Troponin; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form