Development and plasticity of intra- and intersensory information processing.
The functional architecture of sensory brain regions reflects an ingenious biological solution to the competing demands of a continually changing sensory environment. While they are malleable, they have the constancy necessary to support a stable sensory percept. How does the functional organization of sensory brain regions contend with these antithetical demands? Here we describe the functional organization of auditory and multisensory (i.e., auditory-visual) information processing in three sensory brain structures: (1) a low-level unisensory cortical region, the primary auditory cortex (A1); (2) a higher-order multisensory cortical region, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES); and (3) a multisensory subcortical structure, the superior colliculus (SC). We then present a body of work that characterizes the ontogenic expression of experience-dependent influences on the operations performed by the functional circuits contained within these regions. We will present data to support the hypothesis that the competing demands for plasticity and stability are addressed through a developmental transition in operational properties of functional circuits from an initially labile mode in the early stages of postnatal development to a more stable mode in the mature brain that retains the capacity for plasticity under specific experiential conditions. Finally, we discuss parallels between the central tenets of functional organization and plasticity of sensory brain structures drawn from animal studies and a growing literature on human brain plasticity and the potential applicability of these principles to the audiology clinic.
Polley
Daniel B
DB
Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical School, USA. daniel.polley@vanderbilt.edu
Hillock
Andrea R
AR
Spankovich
Christopher
C
Popescu
Maria V
MV
Royal
David W
DW
Wallace
Mark T
MT
D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000254:growth & development*; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000254:growth & development*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D012107:Research Design; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000254:growth & development; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000254:growth & development; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*