Association of iodine fortification with incident use of antithyroid medication--a Danish Nationwide Study.
BACKGROUND
Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism has been reported in the early phases of almost all iodine fortification programs, depending on prior iodine intake in the population, the amount of fortification, and the rate of change.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to monitor the effect of the Danish iodine fortification program on incidence of hyperthyroidism as measured by the incident use of antithyroid medication.


METHODS
We conducted a register study. Using the unique identification number of all Danes, we linked data from the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics and the Civil Registration register on an individual level. All dispensing of antithyroid medication from 1995 to 2007 was studied. The place of residency was used to divide patients into mildly and moderately iodine-deficient groups.


METHODS
We measured the incident use of antithyroid medication.


RESULTS
In the region with moderate iodine deficiency, the number of incident users of antithyroid medication increased 46% in the first 4 yr of iodine fortification. The use increased the most among the youngest age group (younger than 40 yr) and the oldest age group (older than 75 yr). In the mildly iodine-deficient region, the number of incident users increased only 18%, and only in the youngest age groups (below 40 and 40-59 yr). After 4 yr of fortification, the incidence rates started to fall and reached baseline, for most groups, 6 yr after onset of fortification.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that iodine fortification induced a temporary, modest increase in the incidence of hyperthyroidism as measured by use of antithyroid medication. A new steady state has not yet evolved.
Cerqueira
Charlotte
C
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. Chacer01@glo.regionh.dk
Knudsen
Nils
N
Ovesen
Lars
L
Perrild
Hans
H
Rasmussen
Lone B
LB
Laurberg
Peter
P
Jørgensen
Torben
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000600:supply & distribution; D055815:Young Adult
D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine