Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: what is the difference?
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogeneous group of chronic sinus diseases that may consist of clearly different disease entities. Further investigation of the pathomechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and the introduction of appropriate disease markers have recently facilitated disease classification. Evaluation of inflammatory cell profiles, the differentiation of T-effector cells, characterization of remodeling processes such as fibrosis or edema formation, and innate or adaptive immunity products such as Toll-like receptors and immunoglobulins all provide tools to identify distinct disease entities within the group of chronic sinus diseases. This disease differentiation will not only increase our knowledge of the pathophysiology of sinusitis but may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies specifically targeted and adapted to the diagnosed disease entity.
Huvenne
Wouter
W
Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Wouter.Huvenne@UGent.be
van Bruaene
Nicholas
N
Zhang
Nan
N
van Zele
Thibaut
T
Patou
Joke
J
Gevaert
Philippe
P
Claeys
Sofie
S
Van Cauwenberge
Paul
P
Bachert
Claus
C
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007073:Immunoglobulin E