Air pollution and health in Scotland: a multicity study.
This paper presents an epidemiological study investigating the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on public health in Scotland, focusing on the 4 major urban areas, Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. In particular, the associations between respiratory hospital admissions in 2005 and exposure to both PM(10) and NO(2) between 2002 and 2004 are estimated using a small-area ecological design. The implementation of such studies requires careful consideration of a number of statistical issues, including how to model spatial correlation, identifiability of the model parameters, and the possible effects of ecological bias. The results show that long-term exposures (over 3 years) to PM(10) and NO(2) are significantly associated with respiratory hospital admissions in Edinburgh and Glasgow, whereas the risks for Aberdeen and Dundee are generally positive but nonsignificant.
Lee
Duncan
D
Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK. duncan@stats.gla.ac.uk
Ferguson
Claire
C
Mitchell
Richard
R
D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D015982:Bias; D001699:Biometry; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011634:Public Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health