Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries.
OBJECTIVE
To document the use of active management of the third stage of labour for preventing postpartum haemorrhage and to explore factors associated with such use in seven developing countries.


METHODS
Nationally representative samples of facility-based deliveries were selected and observed to determine the use of active management of the third stage of labour and associated factors. Policies on active management were assessed through document review and interviews with relevant professionals.


RESULTS
Use of a uterotonic during the third or fourth stages of labour was nearly universal. Correct use of active management of the third stage of labour was found in only 0.5% to 32% of observed deliveries due to multiple deficiencies in practice. In every country except Indonesia, policies regarding active management were conflicting.


CONCLUSIONS
Developing countries have not targeted decreasing postpartum haemorrhage as an achievable goal; there is little use of active management of the third stage of labour, and policies regarding such management often conflict. Studies are needed to identify the most effective components of active management so that the most efficient package of practices can be promoted.
Stanton
Cynthia
C
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America. cstanton@jhsph.edu
Armbruster
Deborah
D
Knight
Rod
R
Ariawan
Iwan
I
Gbangbade
Sourou
S
Getachew
Ashebir
A
Portillo
Jose Angel
JA
Jarquin
Douglas
D
Marin
Flor
F
Mfinanga
Sayoka
S
Vallecillo
Jesus
J
Johnson
Hope
H
Sintasath
David
D
D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D019370:Observation; D016134:Organizational Policy; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult