Effect of enamel etching time on roughness and bond strength.
The current study examined the effect of different enamel conditioning times on surface roughness and bond strength using an etch-and-rinse system and four self-etch adhesives. Surface roughness (Ra) and composite to enamel shear bond strengths (SBS) were determined following the treatment of flat ground human enamel (4000 grit) with five adhesive systems: (1) Adper Single Bond Plus (SBP), (2) Adper Prompt L-Pop (PLP), (3) Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), (4) Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3) and (5) Xeno IV (X4), using recommended treatment times and an extended treatment time of 60 seconds (n = 10/group). Control groups were also included for Ra (4000 grit surface) and SBS (no enamel treatment and Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive). For surface roughness measurements, the phosphoric acid conditioner of the SBP etch-and-rinse system was rinsed from the surface with an air-water spray, and the other four self-etch adhesive agents were removed with alternating rinses of water and acetone. A Proscan 2000 non-contact profilometer was used to determine Ra values. Composite (Z100) to enamel bond strengths (24 hours) were determined using Ultradent fixtures and they were debonded with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Fisher's LSD post-hoc test. The etch-and- rinse system (SBP) produced the highest Ra (microm) and SBS (MPa) using both the recommended treatment time (0.352 +/- 0.028 microm and 40.5 +/- 6.1 MPa) and the extended treatment time (0.733 +/- 0.122 microm and 44.2 +/- 8.2 MPa). The Ra and SBS of the etch-and-rinse system were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than all the self-etch systems and controls. Increasing the treatment time with phosphoric acid (SBP) and PLP produced greater surface roughness (p < 0.05) but did not result in significantly higher bond strengths (p > 0.05).
Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University Medical Center School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA. wbark@creighton.edu
Wayne W
WW
Barkmeier
Robert L
RL
Erickson
Nicole S
NS
Kimmes
Mark A
MA
Latta
Terry M
TM
Wilwerding
D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000388:Air; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C454540:Scotchbond etchant; C511238:Single Bond Plus; D012997:Solvents; C417842:Xeno compomer; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D014867:Water; D000096:Acetone; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C030242:phosphoric acid