Parameters of protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cell damage.
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has supported the notion that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the leading cause of skin cell damage and skin cancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer, one of the malignancies with the most rapidly increasing incidence, is suggested to be directly related to the total exposure to solar UV light. Over the past few years, the mechanisms of cellular responses to UV radiation have received unprecedented attention. Understanding how skin cells respond to UV radiation will undoubtedly help decipher what goes wrong in a variety of clinical skin disorders including skin cancer and will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the past decade, studies have established that UV radiation induces multifarious signal transduction pathways, some of which lead to apoptotic cell death, while others protect against this process. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent progresses regarding the involvement of multiple signal pathways in UV radiation-induced apoptosis in skin cells, especially in keratinocytes. These pathways include pro-apoptosis components such as MAPK, AMPK, and p53 as well as pro-survival components, namely, AKT and mTORC complexes.
Cao
Cong
C
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. cong_cao@brown.edu
Wan
Yinsheng
Y
D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000263:Adenylate Kinase