Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To examine if reductions in added sugar intake or increases in fiber intake in response to a 16-week intervention were related to improvements in metabolic outcomes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.


METHODS
Secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.


METHODS
Intervention classes at a lifestyle laboratory and metabolic measures at the General Clinical Research Center.


METHODS
Fifty-four overweight Latino adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.5 [1] years). Intervention Sixteen-week study with 3 groups: control, nutrition, or nutrition plus strength training.


METHODS
Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; visceral adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging; glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve by oral glucose tolerance test; insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, and disposition index by intravenous glucose tolerance test; and dietary intake by 3-day records.


RESULTS
Fifty-five percent of all participants decreased added sugar intake (mean decrease, 47 g/d) and 59% increased fiber intake (mean increase, 5 g/d), and percentages were similar in all intervention groups, including controls. Those who decreased added sugar intake had an improvement in glucose incremental area under the curve (-15% vs +3%; P = .049) and insulin incremental area under the curve (-33% vs -9%; P = .02). Those who increased fiber intake had an improvement in body mass index (-2% vs +2%; P = .01) and visceral adipose tissue (-10% vs no change; P = .03).


CONCLUSIONS
Individuals who reduced added sugar intake by the equivalent of 1 can of soda per day or increased fiber intake by the equivalent of a cup of beans showed improvements in key risk factors for type 2 diabetes, specifically in insulin secretion and visceral fat. Improvements occurred independent of group assignment and were equally likely to occur in control group participants.
Department of PreventiveMedicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9008, USA.
Emily
E
Ventura
Jaimie
J
Davis
Courtney
C
Byrd-Williams
Katharine
K
Alexander
Arianna
A
McClain
Christianne Joy
CJ
Lane
Donna
D
Spruijt-Metz
Marc
M
Weigensberg
Michael
M
Goran
D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic / Q000379:methods*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber