Consequences of cytoplasmic irradiation: studies from microbeam.
The prevailing dogma for radiation biology is that genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation such as mutations and carcinogenesis are attributed mainly to direct damage to the nucleus. However, with the development of microbeam that can target precise positions inside the cells, accumulating evidences have shown that energy deposit by radiation in nuclear DNA is not required to trigger the damage, extra-nuclear or extra-cellular radiation could induce the similar biological effects as well. This review will summarize the biological responses after cytoplasm irradiated by microbeam, and the possible mechanisms involved in cytoplasmic irradiation.
Zhou
Hongning
H
Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. hz63@columbia.edu
Hong
Mei
M
Chai
Yunfei
Y
Hei
Tom K
TK
D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage