Xanthomonas T3S Effector XopN Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase and TFT1.
XopN is a virulence factor from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv) that is translocated into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf cells by the pathogen's type III secretion system. Xcv DeltaxopN mutants are impaired in growth and have reduced ability to elicit disease symptoms in susceptible tomato leaves. We show that XopN action in planta reduced pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced gene expression and callose deposition in host tissue, indicating that XopN suppresses PAMP-triggered immune responses during Xcv infection. XopN is predicted to have irregular, alpha-helical repeats, suggesting multiple protein-protein interactions in planta. Consistent with this prediction, XopN interacted with the cytosolic domain of a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase1 (TARK1) and four Tomato Fourteen-Three-Three isoforms (TFT1, TFT3, TFT5, and TFT6) in yeast. XopN/TARK1 and XopN/TFT1 interactions were confirmed in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down analysis. Xcv DeltaxopN virulence defects were partially suppressed in transgenic tomato leaves with reduced TARK1 mRNA levels, indicating that TARK1 plays an important role in the outcome of Xcv-tomato interactions. These data provide the basis for a model in which XopN binds to TARK1 to interfere with TARK1-dependent signaling events triggered in response to Xcv infection.
Kim
Jung-Gun
JG
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA.
Li
Xinyan
X
Roden
Julie Anne
JA
Taylor
Kyle W
KW
Aakre
Chris D
CD
Su
Bessie
B
Lalonde
Sylvie
S
Kirik
Angela
A
Chen
Yanhui
Y
Baranage
Gayathri
G
McLane
Heather
H
Martin
Gregory B
GB
Mudgett
Mary Beth
MB
D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D037521:Virulence Factors; C048306:callose