The role of T regulatory cells in human sepsis.
It is well-known that septic shock undermines immune homeostasis by inducing an initial intense systemic inflammatory response that is rapidly followed by a negative feedback of anti-inflammatory process. This secondary immunoparalysis state is characterized by decreased phagocytic cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells function and proinflammatory cytokine release. This persistence of immunoparalysis increased the risk for fatal outcome. In recent studies it was found that following the onset of septic shock, a relative increase in T regulatory cells number and suppressive function appears and makes them an important participant in the inhibition of immune responsiveness during sepsis. Consequently, a question emerging from these findings concerns the degree to which the manipulation of T regulatory cells might improve the outcome of patients with sepsis. Preliminary studies in animal models suggest that more work is needed to understand the conditions under which such a therapy may be effective.
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Aharon
A
Kessel
Ellen
E
Bamberger
Muhamad
M
Masalha
Elias
E
Toubi
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors