Placental malaria and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1.
There are few studies of the association between placental malaria (PM) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and the results of published studies are inconsistent. To determine the association between PM and MTCT of HIV-1, we performed a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis. Data regarding 1,662 HIV-1-infected women with live born singleton and first-born twin infants with information regarding PM and infant HIV-1 infection status at birth were analyzed. At the time of the study, women did not have access to antiretroviral drugs for treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but had received nevirapine prophylaxis to reduce the risk of MTCT of HIV-1. Placental malaria was not associated with the infant HIV-1 infection status at birth (P = 0.67). Adjustment for maternal plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count did not change these results (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.51-2.20, P = 0.87). Placental malaria was more likely to be related to HIV-1 infection at birth among women with low viral load at baseline (P for interaction = 0.08). In conclusion, PM was not associated with infant HIV-1 infection status at birth. The interaction of maternal plasma viral load, PM, and MTCT of HIV-1 warrants further studies.
Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. gmsamanga@muhas.ac.tz
Gernard I
GI
Msamanga
Taha E
TE
Taha
Alicia M
AM
Young
Elizabeth R
ER
Brown
Irving F
IF
Hoffman
Jennifer S
JS
Read
Victor
V
Mudenda
Robert L
RL
Goldenberg
Usha
U
Sharma
Moses
M
Sinkala
Wafaie W
WW
Fawzi
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000469:parasitology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents