(+/-)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) dose-dependently impairs spatial learning in the morris water maze after exposure of rats to different five-day intervals from birth to postnatal day twenty.
During postnatal days (PD) 11-20, (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment impairs egocentric and allocentric learning, and reduces spontaneous locomotor activity; however, it does not have these effects during PD 1-10. How the learning impairments relate to the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) is unknown. To test this association, the preweaning period was subdivided into 5-day periods from PD 1-20. Separate pups within each litter were injected subcutaneously with 0, 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg MDMA x4/day on PD 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, or 16-20, and tested as adults. The 3 highest MDMA dose groups showed reduced locomotor activity during the first 10 min (of 60 min), especially in the PD 1-5 and 6-10 dosing regimens. MDMA groups in all dosing regimens showed impaired allocentric learning in the Morris water maze (on acquisition and reversal, all MDMA groups were affected; on the small platform phase, the 2 high-dose groups were affected). No effects of MDMA were found on anxiety (elevated zero maze), novel object recognition, or egocentric learning (although a nonsignificant trend was observed). The Morris maze results did not support the idea that the SHRP is critical to the effects of MDMA on allocentric learning. However, since no effects on egocentric learning were found, but were apparent after PD 11-20 treatment, the results show that these 2 forms of learning have different exposure-duration sensitivities.
Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. charles.vorhees@cchmc.org
Charles V
CV
Vorhees
Tori L
TL
Schaefer
Matthew R
MR
Skelton
Curtis E
CE
Grace
Nicole R
NR
Herring
Michael T
MT
Williams
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D006213:Hallucinogens; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine