Systematic review and meta-analysis of robotic-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty for patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction: effect on operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and success rate.
BACKGROUND
Although robotic-assisted procedures may theoretically be more advantageous than conventional laparoscopic ones, few studies have shown clear superiority of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RAP) over conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty (CLP) for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).


OBJECTIVE
To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of RAP versus CLP for patients with UPJO, focusing on operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and success rate.


METHODS
We searched four electronic bibliographic databases, including the related articles PubMed feature, reference lists from articles, and program abstracts from scientific meetings. Consequently, 58 citations were identified. Two individuals independently screened the titles and abstracts of each citation to select the articles (90% agreement).


METHODS
Studies that compared RAP with CLP for treatment of UPJO were included. Case series on RAP or CLP were excluded because of large heterogeneity.


METHODS
We utilized weighted mean difference (WMD) to measure operative time and length of hospital stay and odds ratio (OR) and risk difference (RD) to measure complication and success rates. These ORs were pooled using a random effects model and were tested for heterogeneity.


RESULTS
We identified eight publications that strictly met our eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis of extractable data showed that RAP was associated with a 10-min operative time reduction (WMD: -10.4 min; 95% CI: -24.6-3; p=0.15) and significantly shorter hospital stay compared with CLP (WMD: -0.5 d; 95% CI: -0.6-0.4; p<0.01). There were no differences between the approaches with regard to rates of complication (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.3-1.6; p=0.40) and success (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 0.5-3.5; p=0.62).


CONCLUSIONS
RAP and CLP appear to be equivalent with regard to postoperative urinary leaks, hospital readmissions, success rates, and operative time.
Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. braga@mcmaster.ca
Luis H P
LH
Braga
Kenneth
K
Pace
Jorge
J
DeMaria
Armando J
AJ
Lorenzo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult