Development of animal model for calcified chronic total occlusion.
Chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) remains a major problem for percutaneous revascularization, with relatively low primary success rates and a high incidence of restenosis and reocclusion compared with those of subtotal stenoses. No reproducible animal model simulating human CTOs has previously been developed. We hypothesized that an apatite-coated bioabsorbable polymer sponge could be implanted to produce calcified CTO lesions in animal coronary arteries/peripheral arteries. A total of 10 swine and six rabbits were used for this study. The apatite-coated bioabsorbable polymer sponges were implanted into a preselected segment of coronary and peripheral arteries. Four weeks after implantation, both angiography and histopathology were performed to document the presence or absence of CTO lesions. We could reproducibly develop CTO lesions in animal coronary/peripheral arteries that mimic human CTO lesions. These lesions were found to have microvascular channels and microcalcification similar to those of human older CTO lesions and demonstrate the development of adventitial arterioles, a consistent finding in human CTO. This CTO model might provide a platform for evaluating future CTO technologies as well as contributing to a better understanding of CTOs in both educational and practical terms.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2200, USA.
Yoriyasu
Y
Suzuki
Ayako
A
Oyane
Fumiaki
F
Ikeno
Jennifer K
JK
Lyons
Alan C
AC
Yeung
D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
D001031:Apatites; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011091:Polyesters; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)