Aging and selective engagement: the moderating impact of motivation on older adults' resource utilization.
Two studies were conducted to examine age differences in the impact of motivation in a social cognitive task. We tested the hypothesis that aging is associated with an increase in the selective engagement of cognitive resources in support of performance. Different-aged adults read descriptions of 2 people in order to determine which was better suited for a particular job. These descriptions contained behaviors that were either consistent or inconsistent with the job, and participants performed the task under conditions of high versus low accountability. Examination of memory for behavioral information revealed that accountability disproportionately affected older adults' performance, with the locus of this effect being in conscious recollection processes. This supports the aforementioned selective engagement hypothesis by demonstrating that the differential impact of the motivational manipulation was based in deliberative memory processes.
Department of Psychology, Box 7650, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7650, USA. thomas_hess@ncsu.edu
Thomas M
TM
Hess
Cassandra M
CM
Germain
Elizabeth L
EL
Swaim
Nicole L
NL
Osowski
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult