Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries.
OBJECTIVE
To document the use of active management of the third stage of labour for preventing postpartum haemorrhage and to explore factors associated with such use in seven developing countries.


METHODS
Nationally representative samples of facility-based deliveries were selected and observed to determine the use of active management of the third stage of labour and associated factors. Policies on active management were assessed through document review and interviews with relevant professionals.


RESULTS
Use of a uterotonic during the third or fourth stages of labour was nearly universal. Correct use of active management of the third stage of labour was found in only 0.5% to 32% of observed deliveries due to multiple deficiencies in practice. In every country except Indonesia, policies regarding active management were conflicting.


CONCLUSIONS
Developing countries have not targeted decreasing postpartum haemorrhage as an achievable goal; there is little use of active management of the third stage of labour, and policies regarding such management often conflict. Studies are needed to identify the most effective components of active management so that the most efficient package of practices can be promoted.
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America. cstanton@jhsph.edu
Cynthia
C
Stanton
Deborah
D
Armbruster
Rod
R
Knight
Iwan
I
Ariawan
Sourou
S
Gbangbade
Ashebir
A
Getachew
Jose Angel
JA
Portillo
Douglas
D
Jarquin
Flor
F
Marin
Sayoka
S
Mfinanga
Jesus
J
Vallecillo
Hope
H
Johnson
David
D
Sintasath
D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D019370:Observation; D016134:Organizational Policy; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult