Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is involved in phenylephrine-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
OBJECTIVE
Catecholamine-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is one of the major events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. The calcineurin-NFAT pathway plays a role in regulating growth and differentiation in various cell types. We investigated whether the calcineurin-NFAT pathway was involved in the regulation of phenylephrine-induced VSMC proliferation.


METHODS
Proliferation of VSMC was measured using an MTT assay and cell counts. Localization of NFATc1 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. NFATc1-DNA binding was determined by EMSA and luciferase activity analyses. NFATc1 and calcineurin levels were assayed by immunoprecipitation.


RESULTS
Phenylephrine (PE, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist) increased VSMC proliferation and cell number. Prazosin (an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), cyclosporin A (CsA, an inhibitor of calcineurin) and chelerythrine (an inhibitor of PKC) decreased PE-induced proliferation and cell number. Additional treatment of VSMC with CsA or chelerythrine further inhibited proliferation and cell number in the chelerythrine-pretreatment group and the CsA-pretreatment group. CsA and chelerythrine alone had no effect on either absorbance or cell number. CsA decreased PE-induced calcineurin levels and activity. NFATc1 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon treatment with PE. This translocation was reversed by CsA. CsA decreased the PE-induced NFATc1 level in the nucleus. PE increased NFAT's DNA binding activity and NFAT-dependent reporter gene expression. CsA blocked these effects.


CONCLUSIONS
CsA partially suppresses PE-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin activity and NFATc1 nuclear translocation. The calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway is involved in the hyperplastic growth of VSMC induced by phenylephrine.
Pang
Xiao
X
Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. px0993@163.com
Sun
Ning-ling
NL
D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D010656:Phenylephrine; D019703:Calcineurin