Modification of alternative splicing of Mcl-1 pre-mRNA using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides induces apoptosis in basal cell carcinoma cells.
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1, Mcl-1L) is an anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family that acts as a critical molecule in apoptosis control. Mcl-1 pre-mRNA can undergo alternative splicing to yield the short isoform, Mcl-1S, which resembles BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins and induces apoptosis. Overexpression of Mcl-1 may play a role in various human tumors, and Mcl-1 may serve as a target in cancer therapy. In this study, we found an imbalance between the expression levels of Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S in the skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cell line when compared with primary keratinocytes. We showed that overexpression of Mcl-1S induces apoptosis in BCC cells. Finally, we showed that Mcl-1 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (AMOs) can specifically target Mcl-1 pre-mRNA and shift the splicing pattern from Mcl-1L to Mcl-1S mRNA and protein. This shift increases the level of pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S and reduces the level of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1L, which induces apoptosis in BCC cells and AGS cells, a human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line. Thus, this report provides a strategy for cancer therapy in which AMOs change the alternative splicing pattern of Mcl-1 pre-mRNA and thereby induce apoptosis.
Shieh
Jeng-Jer
JJ
Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. shiehjj@dragon.nchu.edu.tw
Liu
Kuang-Ting
KT
Huang
Shi-Wei
SW
Chen
Yi-Ju
YJ
Hsieh
Tsu-Yi
TY
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000187:drug effects*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger