Congenital aural atresia reconstruction: a surgical procedure with a long history.
BACKGROUND
Pinna deformities, combined with congenital aural atresia, have been a matter of serious debate in the literature as they are associated with major aesthetic and functional problems that are difficult to manage. These problems have been described as early as 2000 BC. The aim of the present article is to approach the whole problem as one (pinna malformation and aural atresia) and present the history as well as the current approaches in reconstruction.


METHODS
Extensive literature search and medical history books were used as scientific sources.


RESULTS
For many centuries, the prevalent view was that any surgical attempts to reconstruct the pinna and the ear canal were of little value. In addition, the aesthetic result of these early surgical procedures was mostly unacceptable. Over time, new surgical techniques and synthetic materials were used, leading to satisfactory and lasting aesthetic and functional results in selected patients, improving their quality of life, while reducing the complication rate. However, many cases are still challenging for plastic surgeons and ENT surgeons alike.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite significant progress in the field, surgery for pinna deformities combined with congenital aural atresia still remains one of the most challenging and risky procedures. Accurate audiological evaluation of newborns as well as assessment of their craniofacial development is necessary and can help the plastic surgeons and otologists choose proper candidates for surgical repair and a suitable and age-appropriate therapeutic plan. History and repeated failures have taught us that close multidisciplinary approach is of paramount importance.
Manolopoulos
Leonidas
L
1st ENT Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocrateion General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Papacharalampous
George X
GX
Yiotakis
Ioannis
I
Protopappas
Dimosthenis
D
Vlastarakos
Petros V
PV
Nikolopoulos
Thomas P
TP
D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000266:history*