Non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents with and without impaired fasting glucose.
To evaluate how non-high-density-lipoprotein (non-HDL) is associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and clustered metabolic risk (MR) factors among adolescents, we pooled 2764 adolescents, aged 12-19 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 3 time periods (1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004) who were free of diabetes and had fasted overnight for this analysis. IFG was defined as 100 <or= glucose <or= 125 mg.dL-1. Age- and sex-specific cut-offs were used for 4 MR factors: higher levels of triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure, and lower levels of HDL. Clustered MR was defined as having any 2 of the 4 factors. Overall, approximately 11% of adolescents had IFG. The mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was much higher in those with IFG than in those without IFG, with adjustment for certain confounding variables (121.4 vs. 110.1 mg.dL-1; p < 0.05). This difference could still be observed in adolescents with one or more clustered MR factors. However, there were no statistical differences in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) level. Compared with those who were without IFG and not at high levels of non-HDL - after adjustment for age, sex, race, current smoking, and body mass index - the odds of having clustered MR factors were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.65-1.82) for those with IFG and low non-HDL cholesterol, 3.55 (2.29-5.48) for those without IFG but with high non-HDL cholesterol, and 10.10 (3.67-27.80) for those with both IFG and high non-HDL cholesterol. Moreover, those with IFG and at increased risk of obesity were more likely to have higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol (odds ratio (95% CI): 4.41 (2.28-8.50)), compared with those without IFG and not at increased risk of obesity. In summary, prediabetic adolescents with IFG and high levels of non-HDL cholesterol are more likely to have clustered MR factors. Thus, the levels of non-HDL cholesterol may be an important indicator in monitoring cardiovascular disease risk among adolescents with IFG.
Liu
Jian
J
Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada. jliu@brocku.ca
Joshi
Divya
D
Sempos
Christopher T
CT
D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol