Renal phosphate control as a reliable predictive factor of stone recurrence.
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have suggested a defect in phosphate balance as a significant underlying cause of calcium urolithiasis. In this study we assessed the influence of decreased renal phosphate reabsorption capacity on urinary metabolic abnormalities as well as on stone recurrence.


METHODS
A database of patient history, and serum and urine chemistry studies was analyzed for 950 consecutive stone formers and 91 normal controls. The maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate was calculated, and the effect of maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate on stone metabolites and stone recurrence was determined. A value of maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate lower than 1.83 mg/dl was defined as a low rate. Of the stone formers 266 (28.0%) who had been followed for more than 36 months (median 49, range 2 to 152) were included in the recurrence analysis.


RESULTS
Maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate was significantly less in stone formers compared to normal controls, and was negatively correlated with the urinary excretion of uric acid, calcium and phosphate. Of the stone formers 13.1% (124 of 950) had a low maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate as well as a higher prevalence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria than individuals with normal maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the low maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate (hazards ratio 1.685, 95% CI 1.040-2.730, p = 0.034) was a strong predictor of stone recurrence in stone formers.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the renal phosphate reabsorption capacity was significantly decreased in stone formers compared to normal controls, and that a low maximal reabsorption of phosphate by the glomerular filtration rate was associated with hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria. Furthermore, renal phosphate handling was an independent predictive determinant for recurrence in stone formers.
Kim
Yong-June
YJ
Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
Kim
Tae-Hwan
TH
Yun
Seok-Joong
SJ
Kim
Min Eui
ME
Kim
Wun-Jae
WJ
Lee
Sang-Cheol
SC
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
D010710:Phosphates