Prenatal exposure to pesticides disrupts testicular histoarchitecture and alters testosterone levels in male Caiman latirostris.
The increased use of agrochemical pesticides, such as atrazine (ATZ) and endosulfan (END), may have a significant impact on ecosystem health and biodiversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of in ovum exposure to ATZ and END on Caiman latirostris gonadal histo-functional features. Caiman eggs were collected from environmentally pristine areas and incubated in controlled conditions at male producing temperature (33 degrees C). At stage 20 of embryonic development, the sensitive stage for gonadal sex determination, eggs were exposed to one dose of either END or ATZ. Gonadal histo-morphology was examined in caiman hatchlings and serum levels of testosterone were measured. Regardless of treatment condition, all eggs incubated at 33 degrees C resulted in male hatchlings. Tortuous seminiferous tubules with increased perimeter, disrupted distribution of peritubular myoid cells (desmin positive), and emptied tubular lumens characterized the testes of pesticide-exposed caiman. An imbalance between proliferative activity and cell death was observed in the testes of caiman exposed to the higher doses of END, mainly due to a high frequency of apoptosis in intratubular cells. This altered cell turnover was associated with decreased testosterone levels. Prenatal exposure to only one dose of END and ATZ disrupted neonatal male gonadal histo-functional features. Alterations described here could have detrimental effects on the sexual maturation of the caiman and, ultimately, on the success of male caiman reproduction.
Rey
Florencia
F
Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Tumores Hormonodependientes, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
González
Marianela
M
Zayas
Marcelo A
MA
Stoker
Cora
C
Durando
Milena
M
Luque
Enrique H
EH
Muñoz-de-Toro
Mónica
M
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D001280:Atrazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000494:pharmacology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
D000199:Actins; D003893:Desmin; D010575:Pesticides; D013739:Testosterone; D004726:Endosulfan; D001280:Atrazine