Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior.
Many behavioral traits and most brain disorders are common to males and females but are more evident in one sex than the other. The control of these subtle sex-linked biases is largely unstudied and has been presumed to mirror that of the highly dimorphic reproductive nuclei. Sexual dimorphism in the reproductive tract is a product of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as the sex steroids. Males with a genetic deficiency in MIS signaling are sexually males, leading to the presumption that MIS is not a neural regulator. We challenge this presumption by reporting that most immature neurons in mice express the MIS-specific receptor (MISRII) and that male Mis(-/-) and Misrii(-/-) mice exhibit subtle feminization of their spinal motor neurons and of their exploratory behavior. Consequently, MIS may be a broad regulator of the subtle sex-linked biases in the nervous system.
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Pei-Yu
PY
Wang
Anna
A
Protheroe
Andrew N
AN
Clarkson
Floriane
F
Imhoff
Kyoko
K
Koishi
Ian S
IS
McLennan
D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013131:Spine / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
D000728:Androgens; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C084621:anti-Mullerian hormone receptor; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone