Attributional biases in paranoia: the development and validation of the Achievement and Relationships Attributions Task (ARAT).
BACKGROUND
Attributional biases, in particular a tendency to blame other people for negative events, have been reported among people with persecutory delusions and in people in the general population with subclinical paranoia. However, existing attribution measures have some shortcomings. The present study therefore describes the development and validation of a new attribution measure: the Achievement and Relationships Attributions Task (ARAT). The ARAT assesses attributional style in a range of everyday life situations related to achievement and interpersonal events, and provides a context for attributions. Each scenario has three possible causes embedded within it: internal, personal-external, and situational-external.


METHODS
Three hundred and fifteen healthy volunteers completed the ARAT and measures of paranoia and depression.


RESULTS
A tendency to blame other people rather than themselves was associated with high trait paranoia and multidimensional aspects of paranoid beliefs. Depression was associated with a decreased tendency to internalise success.


CONCLUSIONS
The ARAT is a valid measure of attributional style in relation to paranoid ideation in a nonclinical population and has good interrater reliability.
Fornells-Ambrojo
Miriam
M
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, University College London, UK. m.fornells-ambrojo@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Garety
Philippa A
PA
D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015588:Observer Variation; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires