A practical procedure for real-time functional mapping of eloquent cortex using electrocorticographic signals in humans.
Functional mapping of eloquent cortex is often necessary prior to invasive brain surgery, but current techniques that derive this mapping have important limitations. In this article, we demonstrate the first comprehensive evaluation of a rapid, robust, and practical mapping system that uses passive recordings of electrocorticographic signals. This mapping procedure is based on the BCI2000 and SIGFRIED technologies that we have been developing over the past several years. In our study, we evaluated 10 patients with epilepsy from four different institutions and compared the results of our procedure with the results derived using electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping. The results show that our procedure derives a functional motor cortical map in only a few minutes. They also show a substantial concurrence with the results derived using ECS mapping. Specifically, compared with ECS maps, a next-neighbor evaluation showed no false negatives, and only 0.46 and 1.10% false positives for hand and tongue maps, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate the first comprehensive evaluation of a practical and robust mapping procedure that could become a new tool for planning of invasive brain surgeries.
Brain-Computer Interface R&D Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
Peter
P
Brunner
Anthony L
AL
Ritaccio
Timothy M
TM
Lynch
Joseph F
JF
Emrich
J Adam
JA
Wilson
Justin C
JC
Williams
Erik J
EJ
Aarnoutse
Nick F
NF
Ramsey
Eric C
EC
Leuthardt
Horst
H
Bischof
Gerwin
G
Schalk
D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult