Time-dependent effects of ethanol on blood oxidative stress parameters and cytokines.
Alcohol consumption is implicated in the genesis of a spectrum of liver abnormalities, which are associated with a number of factors. In the present study, time-dependent effects of ethanol on cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, VEGF-A and TGF-beta1) in serum, and blood oxidative stress parameters such as reduced glutathione content, TBARS level and activities of GPx, GR, GST, catalase and SOD in 8-10 weeks-old male BALB/c mice have been investigated. Ethanol administered @ 1.6 g/kg body wt/day significantly increased the activities of liver marker enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. Serum nitrite levels and haemolysate TBARS level also increased, while total antioxidant status in serum and GSH content in whole blood hemolysate decreased from 4th week onwards of exposure. In spite of the increased serum nitrite level and GST activity in the haemolysate, albumin level in serum, GPx and GR activities in haemolysate decreased after 12 weeks of exposure. Chronic ethanol treatment did not show any effect on IL-2, but IL-4 level was reduced and other cytokines such as IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1 and VEGF-A levels were increased significantly after 12 weeks. The study indicates a relationship between free radical generation and immune response, and suggests that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress and immunological alterations in a time-dependent manner.
Das
Subir Kumar
SK
Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Elamakkara P.O. Cochin 682 026, Kerala. drsubirkdas@yahoo.co.in
Varadhan
Sowmya
S
Gupta
Geetanjali
G
Mukherjee
Sukhes
S
Dhanya
L
L
Rao
D N
DN
Vasudevan
D M
DM
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D009573:Nitrites; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000431:Ethanol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione