Effects of diet and exercise on metabolic disturbances in high-fat diet-fed mice.
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, which contributes to key components of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis (HS). To determine the differential effects of exercise training (EX), low-fat diet (LFD), and their combination on WAT inflammation, Balb/cByJ male mice (n=34) were fed an HFD for 12 wks before they were randomized into one of four intervention groups: HFD-EX, LFD-EX, HFD-sedentary (SED), or LFD-SED. EX mice performed 12 wks of exercise training on a motorized treadmill (1h/d, 5d/wk, 12 m/min, 5% grade, approximately 65% VO(2) max), while SED mice remained sedentary in their home cages. WAT gene expression of adipokines was assessed using rt-PCR. IR was measured using HOMA-IR, and HS via hepatic triglyceride content. EX significantly reduced (53%) WAT gene expression of MCP-1, and LFD significantly reduced (50%) WAT gene expression of the macrophage specific marker, F4/80 as well as the adipocytokine IL-1 ra (25%). EX independently improved IR, while both EX and LFD improved HS. These findings suggest that both diet and exercise have unique beneficial effects on WAT inflammatory markers and the mechanism by which each treatment improves metabolic complications associated with chronic consumption of an HFD may be different.
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Victoria J
VJ
Vieira
Rudy J
RJ
Valentine
Kenneth R
KR
Wilund
Jeffrey A
JA
Woods
D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides