Training surface and intensity: inflammation, hemolysis, and hepcidin expression.
OBJECTIVE
This investigation assessed the effects of training intensity and ground surface type on hemolysis, inflammation, and hepcidin activity during running.


METHODS
Ten highly trained male endurance athletes completed a graded exercise test, two continuous 10-km runs on a grass (GRASS) and a bitumen road surface (ROAD) at 75%-80% peak VO2 running velocity, and a 10 x 1-km interval running session (INT) at 90%-95% of the peak VO2 running velocity. Venous blood and urine samples were collected before, immediately after, and at 3 and 24 h after exercise. Serum samples were analyzed for circulating levels of IL-6, free hemoglobin (Hb), haptoglobin (Hp), iron, and ferritin. Urine samples were analyzed for changes in hepcidin expression.


RESULTS
After running, the IL-6 and free Hb were significantly greater, and serum Hp was significantly lower than preexercise values in all three conditions (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-6 levels and the change in free Hb from baseline were significantly greater in the INT compared with those in the GRASS (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the GRASS and ROAD training surfaces (P > 0.05). Serum iron and ferritin were significantly increased after exercise in all three conditions (P < 0.05) but were not different between trials.


CONCLUSIONS
Greater running intensities incur more inflammation and hemolysis, but these variables were not affected by the surface type trained upon.
Peeling
Peter
P
School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia. peelip01@student.uwa.edu.au
Dawson
Brian
B
Goodman
Carmel
C
Landers
Grant
G
Wiegerinck
Erwin T
ET
Swinkels
Dorine W
DW
Trinder
Debbie
D
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016207:Cytokines; D005080:Exercise Test; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000276:immunology*; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins