Impaired implicit learning and reduced pre-supplementary motor cortex size in early-onset major depression with melancholic features.
BACKGROUND
Major depression is a heterogeneous disorder. Biological markers and cognitive tasks have been employed to distinguish clinical subtypes but results have been inconclusive.


METHODS
The current study assessed implicit learning with the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) known to be sensitive to frontostriatal dysfunctions and regional brain volumes of the anterior supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in participants with early-onset major depression (MD) of either melancholic (n=26) or non-melancholic (n=9) subtype, and 26 matched controls.


RESULTS
Depressive subjects with melancholic features but not those with non-melancholic depression showed implicit learning deficits. This deficit could not be explained in terms of more severe depression or psychomotor retardation. Regional volumes of the right pre-SMA were reduced in depressive subjects with melancholic features.


CONCLUSIONS
Medication effects in depressive subjects and the small size of the non-melancholic sample should be taken into consideration when reviewing the implications of these results.


CONCLUSIONS
Deficits in implicit motor sequence learning seem to be an additional characteristic of the melancholic subtype of depression. It might be linked to dysfunction within structural or functionally altered frontostriatal circuits. Use of implicit sequence learning tasks could offer useful diagnostic and aetiological cues for future research.
Exner
Cornelia
C
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Germany. exnerc@staff.uni-marburg.de
Lange
Claudia
C
Irle
Eva
E
D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D011930:Reaction Time; D012691:Serial Learning