An adjusted EuroSCORE model for high-risk cardiac patients.
OBJECTIVE
To verify the accuracy and precision of the logistic European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) in high-risk cardiac surgery patients and to develop and externally validate a new system of recalibration.


METHODS
The development series included 4279 high-risk patients who had undergone cardiac operations at the IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato. Performance, accuracy, and precision of the logistic EuroSCORE were assessed in this series, using a deciles-based comparison between expected and observed mortality rates, a receiver operating characteristic analysis, and a Hosmer-Lemeshow test for calibration. Differences between predicted and observed mortality rates were mathematically evaluated to develop an adjusted logistic EuroSCORE. This adjusted risk score was subsequently validated with the same approach on an external series of 1459 high-risk patients who had undergone cardiac operations at the Siena hospital.


RESULTS
The adjusted logistic EuroSCORE was based on five different correction factors applied to the crude logistic EuroSCORE depending on its value. At the external validation, this model provided a good performance, with observed mortality rates not significantly different from the expected in 8 out of 10 deciles of risk distribution. The adjusted EuroSCORE had the same moderate balanced accuracy of the crude logistic EuroSCORE (area under the curve: 0.695), with a better precision (Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration test: chi(2): 3.6, p=0.891).


CONCLUSIONS
Recalibration of the logistic EuroSCORE in high-risk patients is needed due to its tendency to overestimate the mortality risk. The application of a variable correction factor results in a better performance, increased precision, with unaltered balanced accuracy.
Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy. cardioanestesia@virgilio.it
Marco
M
Ranucci
Serenella
S
Castelvecchio
Lorenzo A
LA
Menicanti
Sabino
S
Scolletta
Bonizella
B
Biagioli
Pierpaolo
P
Giomarelli
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index