Reactive oxygen species: a double-edged sword in oncogenesis.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. Of interest, it seems that ROS manifest dual roles, cancer promoting or cancer suppressing, in tumorigenesis. ROS participate simultaneously in two signaling pathways that have inverse functions in tumorigenesis, Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. It is well known that Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling is related to oncogenesis, while the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to cancer suppression, which involves oncogene-induced senescence, inflammation-induced cellular senescence, replicative senescence, contact inhibition and DNA-damage responses. Thus, ROS may not be an absolute carcinogenic factor or cancer suppressor. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the dual roles of ROS in the pathogenesis of cancer, and the signaling pathway mediating their role in tumorigenesis.
Pan
Jin-Shui
JS
Division of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Fujian Province, China.
Hong
Mei-Zhu
MZ
Ren
Jian-Lin
JL
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins