Human oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells: conserved SHH signaling networks and divergent FGF effects.
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer a platform to bridge what we have learned from animal studies to human biology. Using oligodendrocyte differentiation as a model system, we show that sonic hedgehog (SHH)-dependent sequential activation of the transcription factors OLIG2, NKX2.2 and SOX10 is required for sequential specification of ventral spinal OLIG2-expressing progenitors, pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (pre-OPCs) and OPCs from hESC-derived neuroepithelia, indicating that a conserved transcriptional network underlies OPC specification in human as in other vertebrates. However, the transition from pre-OPCs to OPCs is protracted. FGF2, which promotes mouse OPC generation, inhibits the transition of pre-OPCs to OPCs by repressing SHH-dependent co-expression of OLIG2 and NKX2.2. Thus, despite the conservation of a similar transcriptional network across vertebrates, human stem/progenitor cells may respond differently to those of other vertebrates to certain extrinsic factors.
Hu
Bao-Yang
BY
Department of Anatomy and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Du
Zhong-Wei
ZW
Li
Xue-Jun
XJ
Ayala
Melvin
M
Zhang
Su-Chun
SC
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C000715631:NKX2-2 protein, human; C000715627:Nkx2-2 protein, mouse; C405708:OLIG2 protein, human; C509239:SHH protein, human; C000715630:nkx2.2b protein, zebrafish