Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To examine if reductions in added sugar intake or increases in fiber intake in response to a 16-week intervention were related to improvements in metabolic outcomes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.


METHODS
Secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.


METHODS
Intervention classes at a lifestyle laboratory and metabolic measures at the General Clinical Research Center.


METHODS
Fifty-four overweight Latino adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.5 [1] years). Intervention Sixteen-week study with 3 groups: control, nutrition, or nutrition plus strength training.


METHODS
Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; visceral adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging; glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve by oral glucose tolerance test; insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, and disposition index by intravenous glucose tolerance test; and dietary intake by 3-day records.


RESULTS
Fifty-five percent of all participants decreased added sugar intake (mean decrease, 47 g/d) and 59% increased fiber intake (mean increase, 5 g/d), and percentages were similar in all intervention groups, including controls. Those who decreased added sugar intake had an improvement in glucose incremental area under the curve (-15% vs +3%; P = .049) and insulin incremental area under the curve (-33% vs -9%; P = .02). Those who increased fiber intake had an improvement in body mass index (-2% vs +2%; P = .01) and visceral adipose tissue (-10% vs no change; P = .03).


CONCLUSIONS
Individuals who reduced added sugar intake by the equivalent of 1 can of soda per day or increased fiber intake by the equivalent of a cup of beans showed improvements in key risk factors for type 2 diabetes, specifically in insulin secretion and visceral fat. Improvements occurred independent of group assignment and were equally likely to occur in control group participants.
Ventura
Emily
E
Department of PreventiveMedicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9008, USA.
Davis
Jaimie
J
Byrd-Williams
Courtney
C
Alexander
Katharine
K
McClain
Arianna
A
Lane
Christianne Joy
CJ
Spruijt-Metz
Donna
D
Weigensberg
Marc
M
Goran
Michael
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic / Q000379:methods*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber