Buprenorphine/naloxone: a review of its use in the treatment of opioid dependence.
Buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) comprises the partial mu-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine in combination with the opioid antagonist naloxone in a 4 : 1 ratio. When buprenorphine/naloxone is taken sublingually as prescribed, the naloxone exerts no clinically significant effect, leaving the opioid agonist effects of buprenorphine to predominate. However, when buprenorphine/naloxone is parenterally administered in patients physically dependent on full agonist opioids, the opioid antagonism of naloxone causes withdrawal effects, thus reducing the abuse potential of the drug combination. Buprenorphine/naloxone is an effective maintenance therapy for opioid dependence and has generally similar efficacy to methadone, although more data are needed. Less frequent dispensing of buprenorphine/naloxone (e.g. thrice weekly) does not appear to compromise efficacy and can improve patient satisfaction. Buprenorphine/naloxone is more effective than clonidine as a medically-supervised withdrawal therapy. Moreover, buprenorphine/naloxone is a generally well tolerated medically-supervised withdrawal and maintenance treatment. Thus, sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone is a valuable pharmacotherapy for the treatment of opioid dependence.
Wolters Kluwer Health, Adis, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jennifer S
JS
Orman
Gillian M
GM
Keating
D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*
D004338:Drug Combinations; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone