Dephosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosyl residue of the DNA damage-related histone H2A.X is mediated by the protein phosphatase eyes absent.
In mammalian cells, the DNA damage-related histone H2A variant H2A.X is characterized by a C-terminal tyrosyl residue, Tyr-142, which is phosphorylated by an atypical kinase, WSTF. The phosphorylation status of Tyr-142 in H2A.X has been shown to be an important regulator of the DNA damage response by controlling the formation of gammaH2A.X foci, which are platforms for recruiting molecules involved in DNA damage repair and signaling. In this work, we present evidence to support the identification of the Eyes Absent (EYA) phosphatases, protein-tyrosine phosphatases of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily, as being responsible for dephosphorylating the C-terminal tyrosyl residue of histone H2A.X. We demonstrate that EYA2 and EYA3 displayed specificity for Tyr-142 of H2A.X in assays in vitro. Suppression of eya3 by RNA interference resulted in elevated basal phosphorylation and inhibited DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of Tyr-142 of H2A.X in vivo. This study provides the first indication of a physiological substrate for the EYA phosphatases and suggests a novel role for these enzymes in regulation of the DNA damage response.
Krishnan
Navasona
N
From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724.
Jeong
Dae Gwin
DG
Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
Jung
Suk-Kyeong
SK
Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
Ryu
Seong Eon
SE
Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
Xiao
Andrew
A
Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065.
Allis
C David
CD
Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065.
Kim
Seung Jun
SJ
Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea. Electronic address: ksj@kribb.re.kr.
Tonks
Nicholas K
NK
From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724. Electronic address: tonks@cshl.edu.
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008670:Metals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C106938:EYA2 protein, human; C540714:EYA3 protein, human; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases