Measurements of vertical displacement in running, a methodological comparison.
The aim was (1) to evaluate measurements of vertical displacements (V(disp)) of a single point on sacrum as an estimate of the whole body centre of mass (CoM) V(disp) during treadmill running and (2) to compare three methods for measuring this single point. These methods were based on a position transducer (PT), accelerometers (AMs) and an optoelectronic motion capture system. Criterion method was V(disp) of the whole body CoM measured with the motion capture system. Thirteen subjects ran at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 kmh(-1) with synchronous recordings with the three methods. Four measurements of the (V(disp)) were derived: (1) V(disp) of CoM calculated from a segment model consisting of 13 segments tracked with 36 reflective markers, (2) V(disp) of the sacrum recorded with the PT, (3) V(disp) of the sacrum calculated from the AM, and (4) V(disp) of the sacrum calculated as the mid point of two reflective markers (sacrum marker, SM) attached at the level of the sacral bone. The systematic discrepancy between the measurements of sacrum V(disp) and CoM V(disp) varied between 0 and 1.5mm and decreased with increasing running velocity and decreasing step duration. PT and SM measurements showed strong correlation, whereas the AM showed a variability increasing with velocity. The random discrepancy within each subject was 7 mm for all three methods. In conclusion single-point recordings of the sacrum V(disp) may be used to monitor changes in V(disp) of CoM during treadmill running.
Gullstrand
Lennart
L
Elite Sports Centre, Bosön Swedish Sports Confederation, Lidingö, Sweden. lennart.gullstrand@rf.se
Halvorsen
Kjartan
K
Tinmark
Fredrik
F
Eriksson
Martin
M
Nilsson
Johnny
J
D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012447:Sacrum; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014741:Video Recording; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult