Clustering of unhealthy outdoor advertisements around child-serving institutions: a comparison of three cities.
Using GPS devices and digital cameras, we surveyed outdoor advertisements in Austin, Los Angeles and Philadelphia. GIS and hot spot analysis revealed that unhealthy ads were clustered around child-serving institutions in Los Angeles and Philadelphia but not in Austin. Multivariate generalized least square (GLS) regression models showed that percent black (p<0.04) was a significant positive predictor of clustering in Philadelphia and percent white (p<0.06) was a marginally significant negative predictor of clustering in Los Angeles after controlling for several land use variables. The results emphasize the importance of zoning and land use regulations to protect children from exposure to unhealthy commercial messages, particularly in neighborhoods with significant racial/ethnic minority populations.
Hillier
Amy
A
Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania School of Design, 210 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ahillier@design.upenn.edu
Cole
Brian L
BL
Smith
Tony E
TE
Yancey
Antronette K
AK
Williams
Jerome D
JD
Grier
Sonya A
SA
McCarthy
William J
WJ
D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D019649:Food Industry; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007990:Libraries; D015141:Los Angeles; D015143:Philadelphia; D011998:Recreation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D013781:Texas; D019460:Tobacco Industry