The total economic burden of overactive bladder in the United States: a disease-specific approach.
OBJECTIVE
To employ results from a recent US population-based survey to calculate disease-specific total costs of overactive bladder (OAB).


METHODS
Disease-specific total cost-of-illness method using population prevalence estimates.


METHODS
Cases were identified as community-dwelling adults reporting the presence of urinary urgency or urgency urinary incontinence. Two OAB classifications were used based on Likert scale responses of OAB symptoms: "often" (base case) or "sometimes" (alternative). The study estimates disease-specific total costs of OAB from the societal perspective and using an average costing method. A population-based survey, a claims data analysis, and the published literature provided the prevalence and resource utilization data.


RESULTS
The prevalence of OAB as defined in the base case (alternative) was 18.6% (28.7%) in the adult US population, accounting for 42.2 million (65.1 million) community-dwelling adults. The disease-specific total cost of OAB is estimated at $24.9 billion for the base case and $36.5 billion for the alternative case. Total direct costs were $22.3 billion in the base case and $33.5 billion in the alternative case. Costs were higher among adults younger than 65 years of age, compared with adults 65 years or older. This relative cost burden was lower for the base case compared with the alternative case in the full sample, with a larger gap among men.


CONCLUSIONS
The total cost of OAB among community-dwelling adults is significant and varies with demographic groups. Future research is needed to determine whether the differential cost burden is robust to alternate cost-of-illness estimation methods.
Onukwugha
Ebere
E
Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, 220 Arch St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. eonukwug@rx.umaryland.edu
Zuckerman
Ilene H
IH
McNally
Diane
D
Coyne
Karin S
KS
Vats
Vasudha
V
Mullins
C Daniel
CD
D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology