Exposure to ambient levels of particles emitted by traffic worsens emphysema in mice.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated effects of chronic exposure (2 months) to ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) on development of protease-induced emphysema and pulmonary remodeling in mice.


METHODS
Balb/c mice received nasal drop of either papain or normal saline and were kept in two exposure chambers situated in an area with high traffic density. One of them received ambient air and the other had filters for PM.


RESULTS
mean concentration of PM10 was 2.68 +/- 0.38 and 33.86 +/- 2.09 microg/m3, respectively, in the filtered and ambient air chambers (p < 0.001). After 2 months of exposure, lungs from papain-treated mice kept in the chamber with ambient air presented greater values of mean linear intercept, an increase in density of collagen fibers in alveolar septa and in expression of 8-isoprostane (p = 0.002, p < 0.05 and p = 0.002, respectively, compared to papain-treated mice kept in the chamber with filtered air). We did not observe significant differences between these two groups in density of macrophages and in amount of cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase-12. There were no significant differences in saline-treated mice kept in the two chambers.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that exposure to urban levels of PM worsens protease-induced emphysema and increases pulmonary remodeling. We suggest that an increase in oxidative stress induced by PM exposure influences this response. These pulmonary effects of PM were observed only in mice with emphysema.
Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fernanda D T Q S
FD
Lopes
Tatiana S
TS
Pinto
Fernanda M
FM
Arantes-Costa
Henrique T
HT
Moriya
Paolo J C
PJ
Biselli
Luis F S
LF
Ferraz
Ana J
AJ
Lichtenfels
Paulo H
PH
Saldiva
Thais
T
Mauad
Milton A
MA
Martins
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004646:Emphysema / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12