Evaluation of aloin and aloe-emodin as anti-inflammatory agents in aloe by using murine macrophages.
The aloe ingredients responsible for physiological effects and the concentrations required to exert their biological activities are not fully understood. This study compares the anti-inflammatory effects of aloin and aloe-emodin with other polyphenols. Our results demonstrated that aloe-emodin dose-dependently inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitric oxide (NO) production at 5-40 microM. In addition, the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were suppressed by 40 microM aloe-emodin. Aloin also suppressed the production of NO at 5-40 microM, although it did not suppress PGE2 production. The present results indicate that aloin and aloe-emodin possibly suppress the inflammatory responses by blocking iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. The anti-inflammatory effect of aloe-emodin was comparable to that of kaempferol and quercetin, indicating aloe-emodin as a possible key constituent responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of aloe.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
Mi-Young
MY
Park
Hoon-Jeong
HJ
Kwon
Mi-Kyung
MK
Sung
D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004642:Emodin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044948:Flavonols / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000880:Anthraquinones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044948:Flavonols; D007529:Isoflavones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C518327:aloe emodin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004642:Emodin; C006457:alloin