Out of hospital cardiac arrest outside home in Sweden, change in characteristics, outcome and availability for public access defibrillation.
BACKGROUND
A large proportion of patients who suffer from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outside home are theoretically candidates for public access defibrillation (PAD). We describe the change in characteristics and outcome among these candidates in a 14 years perspective in Sweden.


METHODS
All patients who suffered an OHCA in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted between 1992 and 2005 and who were included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register (SCAR). We included patients in the survey if OHCA took place outside home excluding crew witnessed cases and those taken place in a nursing home.


RESULTS
26% of all OHCAs (10133 patients out of 38710 patients) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Within this group, the number of patients each year varied between 530 and 896 and the median age decreased from 68 years in 1992 to 64 years in 2005 (p for trend = 0.003). The proportion of patients who received bystander CPR increased from 47% in 1992 to 58% in 2005 (p for trend < 0.0001). The proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) declined from 56% to 50% among witnessed cases (p for trend < 0.0001) and a significant (p < 0.0001) decline was also seen among non witnessed cases.The median time from cardiac arrest to defibrillation among witnessed cases was 12 min in 1992 and 10 min in 2005 (p for trend = 0.029). Survival to one month among all patients increased from 8.1% to 14.0% (p for trend = 0.01). Among patients found in a shockable rhythm survival increased from 15.3% in 1992 to 27.0% in 2005 (p for trend < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
In Sweden, there was a change in characteristics and outcome among patients who suffer OHCA outside home. Among these patients, bystander CPR increased, but the occurrence of VF decreased. One-month survival increased moderately overall and highly significantly among patients found in VF, even though the time to defibrillation changed only moderately.
Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. mattias.ringh@sodersjukhuset.se
Mattias
M
Ringh
Johan
J
Herlitz
Jacob
J
Hollenberg
Mårten
M
Rosenqvist
Leif
L
Svensson
D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D047548:Defibrillators / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology