Anterior skull base surgery: open versus endoscopic.
OBJECTIVE
Anterior cranial base surgery is undergoing a revolution in minimally invasive techniques. Both open, microscopic and transnasal endoscopic approaches have gained considerable attention in the last few years. The purpose of the current article is to evaluate recent advances in open and endoscopic approaches to the anterior skull base.


RESULTS
Recent data have evaluated the endoscopic anatomy of the skull base, defined surgical corridors, addressed anatomical limitations to endoscopic skull base surgery, and discussed the limitations of skull base reconstruction. Over the same period of time, new surgical transcranial approaches have challenged the traditional operative corridors to the anterior skull base. In this study, the most recently published data pertaining to open and endoscopic approaches to the anterior cranial base are reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
The data provide support for both open and endoscopic approaches to the anterior cranial base. Limitations to the approaches are discussed.
Zimmer
Lee A
LA
University of Cincinnati Medical Center: Departmentof Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. lee.zimmer@uc.edu
Theodosopoulos
Philip V
PV
D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000601:surgery; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*