Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food.
In this study, the role that some food processing and packaging might play as a source of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through the diet was assessed. The levels of PFCs were determined in composite samples of veal steak (raw, grilled, and fried), pork loin (raw, grilled, and fried), chicken breast (raw, grilled, and fried), black pudding (uncooked), liver lamb (raw), marinated salmon (home-made and packaged), lettuce (fresh and packaged), pate of pork liver, foie gras of duck, frankfurt, sausages, chicken nuggets (fried), and common salt. Among the 11 PFCs analyzed, only PFHxS, PFOS, PFHxA, and PFOA were detected in at least one composite sample, while the levels of the remaining PFCs (PFBuS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFDoDA) were under their respective detection limits. PFOS was the compound most frequently detected, being found in 8 of the 20 food items analyzed, while PFHxA was detected in samples of raw veal, chicken nuggets, frankfurt, sausages, and packaged lettuce. According to the results of the present study, it is not sufficiently clear if cooking with non-stick cookware, or packaging some foods, could contribute to a higher human exposure to PFCs.
Jogsten
Ingrid Ericson
IE
Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), School of Science and Technology, 70182 Orebro, Sweden.
Perelló
Gemma
G
Llebaria
Xavier
X
Bigas
Esther
E
Martí-Cid
Roser
R
Kärrman
Anna
A
Domingo
José L
JL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011786:Quality Control; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007202:Indicators and Reagents