Prevalence and etiology of intracranial hemorrhage in term children under the age of two years: a retrospective study of computerized tomographic imaging and clinical outcome in 798 children.
OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to retrospectively identify various etiologies underlying intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) in term infants aged <2 years and their respective prevalence in this population and to describe the long-term clinical outcomes in these patients.


METHODS
A retrospective review of the medical records and computed tomographic studies of the head in 798 term infants aged 0 to 24 months with suspected or known ICHs was conducted.


RESULTS
ICHs were present in 195 of the 798 infants (24%). More than one type of ICH was present in 32%. Subdural hemorrhage was the most frequent type of ICH, occurring in 63% of the infants. Good clinical outcomes were present in 49% of the infants but varied depending on the location, etiology, and timing of the ICH.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of various etiologies of ICH depended on the ages of the infants. The overall clinical outcomes were good, with no long-term sequelae in half of the infants presenting with ICHs. In infants aged >4 weeks presenting with ICHs, special attention should be given to the possibility of nonaccidental trauma etiology, because this is common and has worse long-term outcomes.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, University Hospital, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Mina M
MM
Zakhary
Jeffrey R
JR
Wesolowski
Amy E
AE
Sewick
Martha
M
Carlson
Neha
N
Mehrotha
Pavel
P
Maly
Pia C
PC
Sundgren
D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*