Evaluation of renal function and proteinuria based on mass health examinations in young Japanese obese adults.
BACKGROUND
Although obesity is recognized to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), few studies have reported the association between obesity and CKD in the young population. We investigated the relationship between obesity and renal function including proteinuria in young Japanese.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study consisted of 16,031 men and 5,746 women aged from 20 to 39 years who received health examinations. The subjects were stratified into four age groups (20-24, 25-29, 30-34, and 35-39 years) or into four groups based on the number of risk factors (hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia). The relationship between obesity and risk factors and the relationship between obesity and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in eGFR between obese and nonobese groups, except in the male 35-39 years age group. Body mass index (BMI) in both men and women increased with increase in number of risk factors (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were independently associated with obesity. Obesity and the risk factors were independently associated with proteinuria.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study indicated that obesity was an independent risk factor for proteinuria in healthy subjects younger than 40 years of age. The other risk factors were independently associated with obesity. These findings suggest that obesity causes proteinuria concomitantly with other risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in young adults.
Seamen's Insurance Health Care and Research Center, 43-2 Kamadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-0066, Japan. kei_matsushita@sempos.or.jp.
Kei
K
Matsushita
Division of Nephrology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Gen
G
Yasuda
Seamen's Insurance Health Care and Research Center, 43-2 Kamadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-0066, Japan.
Masataka
M
Shouda
Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Umemura
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult