Application of miniaturised ultrasonic extraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil.
A miniaturised ultrasonic extraction procedure was developed for the determination of different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil by gas chromatography (GC/mu-ECD). For an acetone-petroleum ether (1/1, v/v) as the extractor and a 5-min sonication, parameters such as sample amount, solvent volume and number of extraction steps were optimized by using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. Limits of detection ranged from 0.02 to 1.34 microg kg(-1). The developed procedure was applied to three different real soil samples with different fortification levels (25, 50 and 100 microg kg(-1)) and recoveries were estimated in the 82-106% range with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. Performance of the procedure was compared with those involving traditional shaking flask, Soxhlet extraction and large-scale ultrasonic extraction. The proposed procedure requires small volumes of solvent and sample. It is viable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in soils.
Ozcan
Senar
S
Selcuk University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey. sozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
Tor
Ali
A
Aydin
Mehmet Emin
ME