Application of miniaturised ultrasonic extraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil.
A miniaturised ultrasonic extraction procedure was developed for the determination of different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil by gas chromatography (GC/mu-ECD). For an acetone-petroleum ether (1/1, v/v) as the extractor and a 5-min sonication, parameters such as sample amount, solvent volume and number of extraction steps were optimized by using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. Limits of detection ranged from 0.02 to 1.34 microg kg(-1). The developed procedure was applied to three different real soil samples with different fortification levels (25, 50 and 100 microg kg(-1)) and recoveries were estimated in the 82-106% range with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. Performance of the procedure was compared with those involving traditional shaking flask, Soxhlet extraction and large-scale ultrasonic extraction. The proposed procedure requires small volumes of solvent and sample. It is viable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in soils.
Selcuk University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey. sozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
Senar
S
Ozcan
Ali
A
Tor
Mehmet Emin
ME
Aydin