Technique and early results of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy of the long saphenous vein for treatment of varicose veins.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to describe an original technique of using ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the long saphenous veins (LSV) for the treatment of varicose veins, and report the early results.


METHODS
Only patients with lower limb varicose veins and demonstrable incompetent saphenofemoral junction with reflux down the LSVs underwent ultrasound-guided injection of foam sclerosant into the LSV. Foam sclerosant was made by the Tessari's method using three percent sodium tetradecyl sulphate to air in a 1:3 ratio. The LSV was accessed below the knee with a micropuncture set. A Headhunter angiographic catheter was cut to length and advanced over a guide wire to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ). With the patient in the Trendelenburg position and the leg raised, the SFJ was manually compressed and foam was injected into the Headhunter catheter while the tip was withdrawn. Direct ultrasound visualisation ensured accurate catheter placement.


RESULTS
66 lower limbs in 62 patients were treated in the manner described above. The diameter of the treated LSV ranged from 4 to 13.4 mm. Ultrasound duplex assessment one day post-treatment showed complete occlusion in 62 veins (94 percent). Early complications included superficial thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, cellulitis and thrombosis of the superficial femoral vein.


CONCLUSIONS
Immediate results using our method of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy showed a high obliteration rate of the LSV.
Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608. vquetan@gmail.com
V K M
VK
Tan
S G
SG
Tan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*