Factors other than sex steroids modulate GHRH and GHRP-2 efficacies in men: evaluation using a GnRH agonist/testosterone clamp.
BACKGROUND
Sex steroids are prominent regulators of pulsatile GH secretion.


OBJECTIVE
An experimentally controlled sex-steroid milieu will permit detection of nonsteroidal factors that determine GH secretion.


METHODS
Eleven young (age, 24 +/- 0.99 yr) and 11 older (64 +/- 2.4 yr) men participated in the study.


METHODS
The study was conducted at a tertiary medical center.


METHODS
The study consisted of GnRH-agonist down-regulation of the gonadal axis followed by fixed-dose testosterone (T) replacement (leuprolide/T clamp) and consecutive infusion of l-arginine and GHRH or GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) to quantify peptide-secretagogue efficacies.


RESULTS
The experimental leuprolide/T clamp yielded statistically age-comparable total, bioavailable, and free T and estradiol (E(2)) concentrations. In this controlled milieu, sequential l-arginine/GHRH infusion stimulated 1.4-fold more (P = 0.021) and l-arginine/GHRP-2 1.3-fold more (P = 0.045) GH release in young than older men. Abdominal visceral fat (AVF) correlated negatively with both GHRH (P = 0.0006; R(2) = 0.39) and GHRP-2 (R(2) = 0.29) efficacy, whereas IGF-I positively predicted the same endpoints (R(2) = 0.25 to 0.30). In multivariate analysis, AVF emerged as a dominant negative determinant of GHRH efficacy (P = 0.002; R(2) = 0.41) and IGF-I as a primary positive determinant of GHRP-2 efficacy (P = 0.007; R(2) = 0.31).


CONCLUSIONS
During fixed T/E(2) availability, AVF contributes 41% of the GH-response variability to maximal GHRH drive, whereas IGF-I accounts for 31% of that for GHRP-2. Accordingly, a statistically equalized sex-steroid milieu permits dissection of age-independent and T/E(2)-independent modulators of GHRH and GHRP efficacy in men.
Veldhuis
Johannes D
JD
Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu
Bowers
Cyril Y
CY
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003940:Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000819:agonists; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D009842:Oligopeptides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; C091874:growth hormone-releasing peptide-2; D016729:Leuprolide