Education of children and adolescents for the prevention of dog bite injuries.
BACKGROUND
Dog bites can have dramatic consequences for children and adolescents. Educating young people on how to interact with dogs could contribute to reducing dog bite injuries.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of educational interventions that target children and adolescents in reducing dog bite injuries and their consequences.


METHODS
We searched the following databases: The Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2008), CAB Abstracts, Zetoc, SIGLE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycInfo, SPECTR, CINAHL, National Research Register, LILACs, African Healthline, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, CurrentClinicalTrials.Gov, Centrewatch, Controlledtrials.com, Vetgate and the WHO database. We checked the bibliographies of relevant reviews and trials and also contacted experts in the field. The searches were carried out to 18 July 2008.


METHODS
We included randomised controlled trials and controlled before-after studies that evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions, in populations under 20 years old, for preventing dog bites.


METHODS
Two review authors selected eligible studies based on information from the title and abstract. Two review authors decided on the inclusion of eligible trials and extracted data from the trial reports. We contacted authors of eligible studies to obtain more information.


RESULTS
Two studies met the inclusion criteria. No study looked at our main outcome: dog bite rates. The included studies were randomised controlled trials conducted in kindergarten and primary schools. Their methodology was of moderate quality. One study showed that the intervention group showed less 'inappropriate behaviour' when observed in the presence of a dog after a 30-minute educational intervention. Another study showed an increase in knowledge and in caution after an information programme.


CONCLUSIONS
There is no direct evidence that educational programmes can reduce dog bite rates in children and adolescents. Educating children who are less than 10 years old in school settings could improve their knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards dogs. Educating children and adolescents in settings other than schools should also be evaluated. There is a need for high quality studies that measure dog bite rates as an outcome. To date, evidence does not suggest that educating children and adolescents is effective as a unique public health strategy to reduce dog bite injuries and their consequences.
Duperrex
Olivier
O
Institut de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Genève, 1, rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Geneva, Switzerland. Olivier.Duperrex@unige.ch
Blackhall
Karen
K
Burri
Mafalda
M
Jeannot
Emilien
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic