Input-output relationships of a somatosympathetic reflex in human spinal injury.
OBJECTIVE
Spinal cord injury results in loss of supraspinal control of sympathetic outflow, yet preservation of spinal reflexes. Given the importance of reflex activation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurones to the generation of autonomic dysreflexia, we assessed the input-output relationship of the spinal somatosympathetic reflex induced by electrical activation of cutaneous afferents over the lower abdominal wall.


METHODS
In 13 spinal cord-injured subjects (C4-T10) we tested the hypothesis that the magnitude and duration of the vasoconstriction is directly related to the magnitude and duration of the stimulus train. Cutaneous vasoconstriction was measured with photoelectric plethysmography over a finger and toe; continuous blood pressure was recorded by radial artery tonometry, heart rate by ECG chest electrodes and sweat release by skin conductance. Four sets of trains of cutaneous electrical stimuli (20 Hz 1 s, 20 Hz 20 s, 20 Hz 1 s alternating on-and-off for 20 s and 1 Hz 20 s) were applied to the abdominal wall (10 mA) at 2-min intervals.


RESULTS
Nine subjects showed vasoconstrictor responses to the stimulus trains. On average, both the magnitude and duration of the responses were similar irrespective of the type of stimulus train.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that there is a non-linear relationship between somatic inputs and sympathetic vasoconstrictor outputs, and argue that a sustained vasoconstriction need not imply continuous sensory input to the spinal cord.
Spinal Injuries Research Centre, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. rach.brown@unsw.edu.au
Rachael
R
Brown
Alexander
A
Burton
Vaughan G
VG
Macefield
D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D020211:Autonomic Dysreflexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*