Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in Chinese women.
OBJECTIVE
Gallstone disease is more common among overweight individuals, particularly in women. We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of Chinese women nested in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS) to evaluate the association of gallstone disease with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and physical activity (PA).


METHODS
The study included 8,485 women with self-reported, physician-diagnosed, prevalent gallstone disease and 16,970 frequency-matched controls by birth year and age at gallstone diagnosis (4-year intervals). Information on height, weight history, waist and hip circumferences, physical activities, and other exposures was obtained by in-person interview.


RESULTS
: Usual BMI (p trend < 0.001) and WHR (p trend < 0.001) were both related to a high prevalence of gallstone disease, and a significant interaction between BMI and WHR on gallstone risk was found (odds ratio [OR] = 3.82, 95%CI [95% confidence interval] 2.47-5.23 for those with both highest BMI and WHR relative to those with lowest BMI and WHR, p interaction = 0.03). Gallstone risk was positively associated with cumulative occupational sitting time (p trend = 0.01) and inversely associated with occupational cumulative energy expenditure (p trend = 0.03) as well as with household PA (p trend = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings further support that overall and central excessive adiposity is an independent risk factor for gallstones in women. In addition, regardless of adiposity level, being physically active may ameliorate the risk of this disease.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. l-hou@northwestern.edu
Lifang
L
Hou
Xiao-Ou
XO
Shu
Yu-Tang
YT
Gao
Bu-Tian
BT
Ji
Jocelyn M
JM
Weiss
Gong
G
Yang
Hong-Lan
HL
Li
Aaron
A
Blair
Wei
W
Zheng
Wong-Ho
WH
Chow
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio