Bone marrow: orchestrated cells, cytokines, and growth factors for bone regeneration.
Bone regeneration requires an orchestrated interaction between various cells and other biological components. The synthesis of bone matrix with the release of cellular cytokines and growth factors facilitates and regulates cell growth. This leads to the maturation of bone that can support functional implants. Bone-marrow aspirate is a rich source of cells, cytokines, and growth factors needed for bone formation. Harvesting the marrow from the anterior iliac crest is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure. Mixing it with a resorbable scaffold and transplanting it to a site can predictably enhance bone regeneration. This article explores the anatomy of the bone marrow and describes the necessary elements for successful bone grafts, such as cells, bone matrix, and cellular regulators (both soluble and insoluble).
Soltan
Muna
M
Private Practice, 9402 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92503, USA. soltandds@aol.com
Smiler
Dennis
D
Choi
Jennifer H
JH
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000502:physiology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances