HIV and the risk of tuberculosis due to recent transmission over 12 years in Karonga District, Malawi.
Tuberculosis (TB) patients with strains common to other recent cases ('clustering') suggest recent transmission. HIV status and age may affect proportions clustered. We investigated TB clustering by HIV and age in a population-based study in Malawi. Among 746 patients, HIV infection increased the proportion clustered. Sex-period-adjusted odds ratios for the association of HIV and clustering were 1.26 (95% CI 0.4-4.1) for ages 15-25 years, 1.40 (0.9-2.3) for 25-50 years and 10.44 (2.3-47.9) for >50 years and remained stable over two periods examined. These results suggest that HIV increases the proportion of TB due to recent transmission in the elderly.
Karonga Prevention Study, Malawi. rein.houben@lshtm.ac.uk
Rein M G J
RM
Houben
Amelia C
AC
Crampin
Kim
K
Mallard
J Nimrod
JN
Mwaungulu
Malcolm D
MD
Yates
Frank D
FD
Mwaungulu
Bagrey M M
BM
Ngwira
Neil
N
French
Paul E M
PE
Fine
Judith R
JR
Glynn
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013029:Space-Time Clustering; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D055815:Young Adult