Increased expression of inflammatory pathway genes in skeletal muscle during surgery.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia, is strongly associated to morbidity and mortality in surgical patients but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As increasing data suggests a link between inflammation and insulin resistance, we aimed to evaluate if the expression of inflammatory and insulin signaling genes is regulated in skeletal muscle during surgery.


METHODS
Eight patients (4 females, 63 [46-69] years, body mass index 25.5 [16.5-29.8]kg/m(2)) undergoing major abdominal surgery were included. Biopsies from m. rectus abdominis were obtained at the beginning and at the end of the operation. mRNA levels of 45 genes were analyzed.


RESULTS
The time elapsed between the two biopsies was 224 (198-310) min. An increased (p<0.05) expression was noted for genes encoding both inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, and metabolic regulators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, while the analysis did not detect significant expression changes of the insulin signaling pathway genes.


CONCLUSIONS
The observed gene expression changes in skeletal muscle during surgery occurred mainly in inflammatory pathways, suggesting a possible role for inflammation in the development of postoperative insulin resistance.
Witasp
Anna
A
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. anna.witasp@ki.se
Nordfors
Louise
L
Schalling
Martin
M
Nygren
Jonas
J
Ljungqvist
Olle
O
Thorell
Anders
A
D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D015850:Interleukin-6; D047494:PPAR delta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha