Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation from the gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection and are associated with an increase in immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role in HIV-1 disease in Africa is unknown. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between microbial translocation and circulating inflammatory cytokine responses in a cohort of people with varying rates of HIV-1 disease progression in Rakai, Uganda. Multiple markers for microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, and sCD14) did not change significantly during HIV-1 disease progression. Moreover, circulating immunoreactive cytokine levels either decreased or remained virtually unchanged throughout disease progression. These data suggest that microbial translocation and its subsequent inflammatory immune response do not have a causal relationship with HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Andrew D
AD
Redd
Djeneba
D
Dabitao
Jay H
JH
Bream
Blake
B
Charvat
Oliver
O
Laeyendecker
Noah
N
Kiwanuka
Tom
T
Lutalo
Godfrey
G
Kigozi
Aaron A R
AA
Tobian
Jordyn
J
Gamiel
Jessica D
JD
Neal
Amy E
AE
Oliver
Joseph B
JB
Margolick
Nelson
N
Sewankambo
Steven J
SJ
Reynolds
Maria J
MJ
Wawer
David
D
Serwadda
Ronald H
RH
Gray
Thomas C
TC
Quinn
D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012995:Solubility; D014481:United States
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides