A twist of insight - the role of Twist-family bHLH factors in development.
Members of the Twist-family of bHLH proteins play a pivotal role in a number of essential developmental programs. Twist-family bHLH proteins function by dimerizing with other bHLH members and binding to cis- regulatory elements, called E-boxes. While Twist-family members may simply exhibit a preference in terms of high-affinity binding partners, a complex, multilevel cascade of regulation creates a dynamic role for these bHLH proteins. We summarize in this review information on each Twist-family member concerning expression pattern, function, regulation, downstream targets, and interactions with other bHLH proteins. Additionally, we focus on the phospho-regulatory mechanisms that tightly control posttranslational modification of Twist-family member bHLH proteins.
Riley Heart Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, USA.
Ralston M
RM
Barnes
Anthony B
AB
Firulli
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019281:Dimerization; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014714:Vertebrates
D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1