Current applications and future trends of molecular diagnostics in clinical bacteriology.
Molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases, in particular, nucleic-acid-based methods, are the fastest growing field in clinical laboratory diagnostics. These applications are stepwise replacing or complementing culture-based, biochemical, and immunological assays in microbiology laboratories. The first-generation nucleic acid assays were monoparametric such as conventional tests, determining only a single parameter. Improvements and new approaches in technology now open the possibility for the development of multiparameter assays using microarrays, multiplex nucleic acid amplification techniques, or mass spectrometry, while the introduction of closed-tube systems has resulted in rapid microbial diagnostics with a subsequently reduced contamination risk. Whereas the first assays were focused on the detection and identification of microbial pathogens, these new technologies paved the way for the parallel determination of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants or to perform microbial epidemiology and surveillance on a genetic level.
Weile
Jan
J
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany. jan.weile@ikp-stuttgart.de
Knabbe
Cornelius
C
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D044085:Microfluidics; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA