Structure and catalytic mechanism of the thioesterase CalE7 in enediyne biosynthesis.
The biosynthesis of the enediyne moiety of the antitumor natural product calicheamicin involves an iterative polyketide synthase (CalE8) and other ancillary enzymes. In the proposed mechanism for the early stage of 10-membered enediyne biosynthesis, CalE8 produces a carbonyl-conjugated polyene with the assistance of a putative thioesterase (CalE7). We have determined the x-ray crystal structure of CalE7 and found that the subunit adopts a hotdog fold with an elongated and kinked substrate-binding channel embedded between two subunits. The 1.75-A crystal structure revealed that CalE7 does not contain a critical catalytic residue (Glu or Asp) conserved in other hotdog fold thioesterases. Based on biochemical and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we proposed a catalytic mechanism in which the conserved Arg(37) plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of the thioester bond, and that Tyr(29) and a hydrogen-bonded water network assist the decarboxylation of the beta-ketocarboxylic acid intermediate. Moreover, computational docking suggested that the substrate-binding channel binds a polyene substrate that contains a single cis double bond at the C4/C5 position, raising the possibility that the C4=C5 double bond in the enediyne moiety could be generated by the iterative polyketide synthase. Together, the results revealed a hotdog fold thioesterase distinct from the common type I and type II thioesterases associated with polyketide biosynthesis and provided interesting insight into the enediyne biosynthetic mechanism.
Kotaka
Masayo
M
School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
Kong
Rong
R
Qureshi
Insaf
I
Ho
Qin Shi
QS
Sun
Huihua
H
Liew
Chong Wai
CW
Goh
Lan Pei
LP
Cheung
Peter
P
Mu
Yuguang
Y
Lescar
Julien
J
Liang
Zhao-Xun
ZX
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D053281:Enediynes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D053281:Enediynes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C113504:calicheamicin theta(1)I; D048630:Polyketide Synthases; D001120:Arginine; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; C022738:thioesterase II