[Molecular mechanisms and correlations of insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Adipose tissue cells express and secrete numerous proteins influencing the signal transduction pathways of insulin receptor by auto-, para- and endocrine manner. Several cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its soluble receptor forms, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor, lipocain 1 inhibit the signalization of insulin receptor causing insulin resistance in target tissues, mainly in adipose, liver and muscle, brain, endothelial as well as in pancreatic beta-cells. However, many other proteins produced by the fat tissue, such as adiponectin, visfatin, vaspin, apelin, omentin and chemerin enhance the signal transmission of the receptor. Recently discovered common mechanisms leading to insulin and cytokine resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, e.g. protein family of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are also discussed.
Winkler
Gábor
G
Fovárosi Onkormányzat Szent János Kórház és Eszak-budai Egyesített Intézményei II. Belgyógyászati Osztály Budapest. gabor.winkler@mail.janoskorhaz.hu
Cseh
Károly
K
D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D054835:Lipocalin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D054392:Adipokines; D020738:Leptin; D054835:Lipocalin 1; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D052243:Resistin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011972:Receptor, Insulin