Catalytic applications in the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils.
The predicted shortage of fossil fuels and related environmental concerns have recently attracted significant attention to scientific and technological issues concerning the conversion of biomass into fuels. First-generation biodiesel, obtained from vegetable oils and animal fats by transesterification, relies on commercial technology and rich scientific background, though continuous progress in this field offers opportunities for improvement. This review focuses on new catalytic systems for the transesterification of oils to the corresponding ethyl/methyl esters of fatty acids. It also addresses some innovative/emerging technologies for the production of biodiesel, such as the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils to hydrocarbons. The special role of the catalyst as a key to efficient technology is outlined, together with the other important factors that affect the yield and quality of the product, including feedstock-related properties and various system conditions.
Area of Pure and Applied Chemistry, International Centre for Science and High Technology-United Nations Industrial Development Organization (ICS-UNIDO), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy.
Arumugam
A
Sivasamy
Kien Yoo
KY
Cheah
Paolo
P
Fornasiero
Francis
F
Kemausuor
Sergey
S
Zinoviev
Stanislav
S
Miertus
D000818:Animals; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D002384:Catalysis; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*
D004952:Esters; D010938:Plant Oils