Multiplexed force measurements on live cells with holographic optical tweezers.
We describe open-loop and closed-loop multiplexed force measurements using holographic optical tweezers. We quantify the performance of our novel video-based control system in a driven suspension of colloidal particles. We demonstrate our system's abilities with the measurement of the mechanical coupling between Aplysia bag cell growth cones and beads functionalized with the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, apCAM. We show that cells form linkages which couple beads to the underlying cytoskeleton. These linkages are intermittent, stochastic and heterogeneous across beads distributed near the leading edge of a single growth cone.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Cecile O
CO
Mejean
Andrew W
AW
Schaefer
Eleanor A
EA
Millman
Paul
P
Forscher
Eric R
ER
Dufresne
D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006696:Holography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical