Activation of PPARgamma by metabolites from the flowers of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea).
Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizing drugs that target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. An n-hexane extract of the flowers of Echinacea purpurea was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. Bioassay-guided fractionations yielded five alkamides, of which one was new, and three fatty acids that all activated PPARgamma. The new alkamide hexadeca-2E,9Z,12Z,14E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (5) was identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and found to activate PPARgamma with no concurrent stimulation of adipocyte differentiation. Compound 5 was further shown to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The data suggest that flowers of E. purpurea contain compounds with potential to manage insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Christensen
Kathrine B
KB
Department of Food Science, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark. kbch@kbm.sdu.dk
Petersen
Rasmus K
RK
Petersen
Sidsel
S
Kristiansen
Karsten
K
Christensen
Lars P
LP
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000818:Animals; D003718:Denmark; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D047495:PPAR gamma; C550878:hexadeca-2E,9Z,12Z,14E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide; D005947:Glucose