Split hand-foot malformation, tetralogy of Fallot, mental retardation and a 1 Mb 19p deletion-evidence for further heterogeneity?
Congenital limb malformations are the second most common birth defects observed in infants. Split hand foot malformation (SHFM), also known as central ray deficiency, ectrodactyly and cleft hand/foot, occurs isolated or in combination with other malformations. We report on a male patient with SHFM, tetralogy of Fallot and a clinical phenotype suggestive of Angelman syndrome. Using array based genome analysis (3K BACs and 500K SNPs), we identified a de novo deletion of chromosome 19p13.11, confirmed by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization analysis. The deletion is 0.99 Mb in size and contains 28 genes. The proximal breakpoint of the deletion is in EPS15L1, which may be involved in vertebrate limb development. Subsequent screening of 21 syndromic and nonsyndromic SHFM patients (TP73L mutation negative) for rearrangements using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification did not detect other deletions or duplications in chromosome 19. These findings suggest that our patient may have a new contiguous gene syndrome and indicates that SHFM is genetically more heterogeneous than currently known.
Aten
Emmelien
E
Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. e.aten@lumc.nl
den Hollander
Nicolette
N
Ruivenkamp
Claudia
C
Knijnenburg
Jeroen
J
van Bokhoven
Hans
H
den Dunnen
Johan
J
Breuning
Martijn
M
D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics*; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000235:genetics*