Cellular reprogramming and pluripotency induction.
BACKGROUND
Cellular reprogramming is the process of directing mature cells to a primitive state of gene expression.


METHODS
Medline searches using the keywords 'pluripotency', 'induce' (and derivatives), and/or 'stem' limited to the years 2006 to the present and other selected literature known to the author.


RESULTS
Since 2006, there has been a cavalcade of scientific works describing so-called 'direct reprogramming' wherein somatic cells are forced into a state of gene expression very similar to embryonic stem cells. These findings build upon prior research using nuclear transfer (cloning) and even older efforts to understand developmental processes.


RESULTS
While already of tremendous research value, it remains to be seen how (if) direct reprogramming methodologies will be refined for clinical use.


CONCLUSIONS
A greater understanding of epigenetics, the process by which different patterns of gene expression are established, maintained and redirected, will continue to be enlightened by advances in cellular reprogramming.
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Mathew.Lensch@childrens.harvard.edu
M William
MW
Lensch
D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*