Differential memory test sensitivity for diagnosing amnestic mild cognitive impairment and predicting conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
Episodic memory is the first and most severely affected cognitive domain in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also the key early marker in prodromal stages including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The relative ability of memory tests to discriminate between MCI and normal aging has not been well characterized. We compared the classification value of widely used verbal memory tests in distinguishing healthy older adults (n = 51) from those with MCI (n = 38). Univariate logistic regression indicated that the total learning score from the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) ranked highest in terms of distinguishing MCI from normal aging (sensitivity = 90.2; specificity = 84.2). Inclusion of the delayed recall condition of a story memory task (i.e., WMS-III Logical Memory, Story A) enhanced the overall accuracy of classification (sensitivity = 92.2; specificity = 94.7). Combining Logical Memory recognition and CVLT-II long delay best predicted progression from MCI to AD over a 4-year period (accurate classification = 87.5%). Learning across multiple trials may provide the most sensitive index for initial diagnosis of MCI, but inclusion of additional variables may enhance overall accuracy and may represent the optimal strategy for identifying individuals most likely to progress to dementia.
Rabin
Laura A
LA
Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA. lrabin@brooklyn.cuny.edu
Paré
Nadia
N
Saykin
Andrew J
AJ
Brown
Michael J
MJ
Wishart
Heather A
HA
Flashman
Laura A
LA
Santulli
Robert B
RB
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D000647:Amnesia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity