Short-, intermediate-, and long-term outcomes of Pennsylvania's continuum of tobacco education pilot project.
BACKGROUND
The most effective time to introduce formal tobacco use treatment training for physicians is during the medical school experience. However, few medical schools have adopted standardized curricula, missing an important opportunity to influence future physician behavior. The Pennsylvania Continuum of Tobacco Education pilot project was undertaken from spring 2003 through summer 2005 to evaluate a generalizable method of improving students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to tobacco use treatment.


METHODS
Intervention methods included a 1-day intensive multiformat seminar, followed by a reinforcement session 4 weeks later, within an internal medicine clerkship. Outcome measures included changes in students' attitudes, rates of "ask" and "advise" behaviors during clinical encounters, and performance on end-of-year clinical skills examinations.


RESULTS
Short, intermediate, and long-term outcomes related to both smoking assessment and counseling improved as a result of the intervention. The percentage of students who obtained tobacco histories and counseled patients in clerkships increased following the seminar compared with the baseline. Nearly, all students demonstrated relevant skills during a clinical skills assessment at the end of the third year.


CONCLUSIONS
The introduction of a standardized tobacco curriculum into medical school training is both feasible and effective. Results were sustained following the intervention, and the effects were reflected across several valid outcomes.
Leone
Frank T
FT
Center for Tobacco Research and Treatment, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Walnut Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. frank.leone@jefferson.edu
Evers-Casey
Sarah
S
Veloski
Jon
J
Patkar
Ashwin A
AA
Kanzleiter
Linda
L
D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D003479:Curriculum; D003625:Data Collection; D004501:Education, Medical; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016540:Smoking Cessation