Pregnancies of unknown location.
A 'pregnancy of unknown location' is a descriptive term used to classify a pregnancy when a woman has a positive pregnancy test, but no pregnancy can be visualised on transvaginal ultrasound (TVS). Women should be followed up until the final pregnancy outcome is known which includes: failing PUL, intra-uterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and persisting PUL. Expectant management has been shown to be safe and surgical intervention in the form of uterine curettage and diagnostic laparoscopy should not be undertaken routinely. Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin levels, progesterone levels and mathematical models all have a role in the prediction of PUL outcome. This review discusses the various aspects of management of women with a PUL.
Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK. ejkirk@hotmail.co.uk
Emma
E
Kirk
George
G
Condous
Tom
T
Bourne
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods
D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone