Apogossypol derivatives as antagonists of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins.
Guided by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance binding assays and computational docking studies, we synthesized a library of 5,5' substituted Apogossypol derivatives as potent Bcl-XL antagonists. Each compound was subsequently tested for its ability to inhibit Bcl-XL in an in vitro fluorescence polarization competition assay and exert single-agent proapoptotic activity in human cancer cell lines. The most potent compound BI79D10 binds to Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 with IC50 values of 190, 360, and 520 nmol/L, respectively, and potently inhibits cell growth in the H460 human lung cancer cell line with an EC50 value of 680 nmol/L, expressing high levels of Bcl-2. BI79D10 also effectively induces apoptosis of the RS11846 human lymphoma cell line in a dose-dependent manner and shows little cytotoxicity against bax-/-bak-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, in which antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins lack a cytoprotective phenotype, implying that BI79D10 has little off-target effects. BI79D10 displays in vivo efficacy in transgenic mice, in which Bcl-2 is overexpressed in splenic B cells. Together with its improved plasma and microsomal stability relative to Apogossypol, BI79D10 represents a lead compound for the development of novel apoptosis-based therapies for cancer.
Wei
Jun
J
Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 90237, USA.
Kitada
Shinichi
S
Rega
Michele F
MF
Emdadi
Aras
A
Yuan
Hongbin
H
Cellitti
Jason
J
Stebbins
John L
JL
Zhai
Dayong
D
Sun
Jiazhi
J
Yang
Li
L
Dahl
Russell
R
Zhang
Ziming
Z
Wu
Bainan
B
Wang
Si
S
Reed
Tyler A
TA
Wang
Hong-Gang
HG
Lawrence
Nicholas
N
Sebti
Said
S
Reed
John C
JC
Pellecchia
Maurizio
M
D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D006072:Gossypol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008862:Microsomes, Liver; D008958:Models, Molecular; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000502:physiology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000502:physiology; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; C494773:Bak1 protein, mouse; C474007:Bax protein (53-86); C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; C000606778:Bcl2l11 protein, rat; C579094:Mcl1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C492806:apogossypol; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D006072:Gossypol