Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation from the gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection and are associated with an increase in immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role in HIV-1 disease in Africa is unknown. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between microbial translocation and circulating inflammatory cytokine responses in a cohort of people with varying rates of HIV-1 disease progression in Rakai, Uganda. Multiple markers for microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, and sCD14) did not change significantly during HIV-1 disease progression. Moreover, circulating immunoreactive cytokine levels either decreased or remained virtually unchanged throughout disease progression. These data suggest that microbial translocation and its subsequent inflammatory immune response do not have a causal relationship with HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
Redd
Andrew D
AD
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Dabitao
Djeneba
D
Bream
Jay H
JH
Charvat
Blake
B
Laeyendecker
Oliver
O
Kiwanuka
Noah
N
Lutalo
Tom
T
Kigozi
Godfrey
G
Tobian
Aaron A R
AA
Gamiel
Jordyn
J
Neal
Jessica D
JD
Oliver
Amy E
AE
Margolick
Joseph B
JB
Sewankambo
Nelson
N
Reynolds
Steven J
SJ
Wawer
Maria J
MJ
Serwadda
David
D
Gray
Ronald H
RH
Quinn
Thomas C
TC
D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012995:Solubility; D014481:United States
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides