Fumonisins B1 and B2 in agricultural products consumed in South Korea: an exposure assessment.
To survey fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in agricultural products consumed in South Korea and provide an exposure assessment, ground samples were extracted (80% MeOH), filtered (0.2 microm), and cleaned up. After evaporation, dry residues were reconstituted in 50% MeOH, and a 50-micro1 aliquot of this sample was mixed with 200 micro1 of o-phthaldialdehyde for derivatization. The derivatives were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a fluorescence detector. For validation of the detection procedure, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantification limit were determined. The validated detection method was then used to survey fumonisins in white rice, brown rice, barley, barley tea, beer, wheat flour, millet, dried corn, corn flour, corn tea, canned corn, popcorn, and breakfast cereal. Retention times for FB1 and FB2 standards were 7 and 18 min, respectively. Linearity (R2 = 0.99995 to 0.99998), accuracy (81.47 to 108.83%), precision (2.35 to 5.77), detection limit (25 ng/g or ng/ml), and quantification limit (37 ng/g or ng/ml) indicated that this procedure is capable of quantifying fumonisins in agricultural products. Only FB1-positive samples (5.12%, three dried corn samples and five corn flour samples) were found at 90.89 to 439.67 ng/g. According the survey results, an estimated daily intake of FB1 and FB2 in Korea was 0.087 ng/kg of body weight per day. These results indicate that continuous monitoring of these mycotoxins is necessary to establish appropriate risk assessment, and the maximum tolerable daily intake of fumonisins in Korea is lower than the 2 microg/kg set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization-World Health Organization Expert Committee.
Seo
Eunkyoung
E
Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Korea.
Yoon
Yohan
Y
Kim
Kyeongyeol
K
Shim
Won-Bo
WB
Kuzmina
Nina
N
Oh
Keum-Soon
KS
Lee
Jong-Ok
JO
Kim
Dong-Sul
DS
Suh
Junghyuck
J
Lee
Soo-Hyung
SH
Chung
Kee-Hey
KH
Chung
Duck-Hwa
DH
D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D037341:Fumonisins; C056934:fumonisin B2; C056933:fumonisin B1