Video analysis of trunk and knee motion during non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes: lateral trunk and knee abduction motion are combined components of the injury mechanism.
BACKGROUND
The combined positioning of the trunk and knee in the coronal and sagittal planes during non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has not been previously reported.


OBJECTIVE
During ACL injury female athletes demonstrate greater lateral trunk and knee abduction angles than ACL-injured male athletes and uninjured female athletes.


METHODS
Cross-section control-cohort design.


METHODS
Analyses of still captures from 23 coronal (10 female and 7 male ACL-injured players and 6 female controls) or 28 sagittal plane videos performing similar landing and cutting tasks. Significance was set at p < or = 0.05.


RESULTS
Lateral trunk and knee abduction angles were higher in female compared to male athletes during ACL injury (p < or = 0.05) and trended toward being greater than female controls (p = 0.16, 0.13, respectively). Female ACL-injured athletes showed less forward trunk lean than female controls (mean (SD) initial contact (IC): 1.6 (9.3) degrees vs 14.0 (7.3) degrees, p < or = 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Female athletes landed with greater lateral trunk motion and knee abduction during ACL injury than did male athletes or control females during similar landing and cutting tasks.


CONCLUSIONS
Lateral trunk and knee abduction motion are important components of the ACL injury mechanism in female athletes as observed from video evidence of ACL injury.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH, USA. tim.hewett@cchmc.org
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult