Use of sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a nationwide survey in Spain.
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal endoscopy causes discomfort and pain in patients. Sedation reduces anxiety and pain. Its use, however, continues to be a controversial issue and it varies greatly from one country to another. The use of sedation in Spanish gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) units is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the use of sedation in Spanish GIE units.


METHODS
A 24-question survey on the use of sedation was distributed among 300 Spanish GIE units.


RESULTS
Surveys were answered by 197 GIE units (65%), which had performed 588,326 endoscopies over the past 12 months. Sedation was used in more than 20% of gastroscopies performed at 55% of the GIE units, and more than 20% of colonoscopies were sedated at 71% of the units; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is almost always performed under sedation. The most common drugs were midazolam for gastroscopy and midazolam and pethidine for colonoscopy and ERCP; propofol is used by anesthetists; pulse oximetry is used at 77% of GIE units; 42% of the GIE units fill in a nursing record; 52% of GIE units have recovery rooms and 91% have a cardiac arrest trolley.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of sedation in endoscopy varies greatly in Spain. It is seldom used in gastroscopy; it is more frequent in colonoscopy, and in ERCP it is the norm. In most GIE units sedation is controlled by the endoscopist with pulse oximetry. The most commonly used drugs are benzodiazepines, on their own for gastroscopy and combined with opioids for colonoscopy and ERCP.
Baudet
Juan-Salvador
JS
Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Ntra. Sra, de Candelaria, S/C de Tenerife, Spain. baudetjs@yahoo.es
Borque
Pilar
P
Borja
Elisa
E
Alarcón-Fernández
Onofre
O
Sánchez-del-Río
Antonio
A
Campo
Rafael
R
Avilés
Juan
J
D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015742:Propofol; D013030:Spain
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol