Depression after coronary artery disease is associated with heart failure.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of post-coronary artery disease (CAD) depression diagnosis on heart failure (HF) incidence.


BACKGROUND
Depression has been shown to be a risk factor for poor outcomes among CAD patients. However, little is known about the influence of depression on HF development in CAD patients.


METHODS
Patients (n = 13,708) without a diagnosis of HF and depression (International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision [ICD-9] codes: 296.2 to 296.36 and 311) and who were not prescribed antidepressant medication (ADM) at the time of CAD diagnosis (>or=70% stenosis) were studied. For those with available medication records (n = 7,719), patients subsequently diagnosed with depression were stratified by use of ADM. Patients were followed until HF diagnosis (physician-diagnosed or ICD-9 code: 428) or death. Results were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression models.


RESULTS
A total of 1,377 patients (10.0%) had a post-CAD clinical depression diagnosis. The incidence of HF among those without a post-CAD depression diagnosis was 3.6 per 100 compared with 16.4 per 100 for those with a post-CAD depression diagnosis. Depression was associated with an increased risk for HF incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.50, p < 0.0001). Results were similar among those with available follow-up medication information (vs. no depression: depression without ADM use [HR: 1.68, p < 0.0001]; depression with ADM use [HR: 2.00, p < 0.0001]). No difference was found between depressed patients with and without ADM treatment (HR: 0.84, p = 0.24).


CONCLUSIONS
Depression diagnosis was shown to be associated with an increased incidence of HF after CAD diagnosis, regardless of ADM treatment. This finding suggests the need to further study the effect of depression on HF risk among CAD patients.
Intermountain Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research, Murray, Utah 84157, USA. Heidi.May@imail.org
Heidi T
HT
May
Benjamin D
BD
Horne
John F
JF
Carlquist
Xiaoming
X
Sheng
Elizabeth
E
Joy
A Peter
AP
Catinella
D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000928:Antidepressive Agents