Expression of tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG) and the effect of tTG inhibitor on the hippocampal CA1 region after transient ischemia in gerbils.
Chronological changes of tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG) were observed in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. In the sham-operated group, tTG immunoreactivity was weakly detected in blood vessels which were immunostained with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and tTG immunoreactivity in blood vessels was highest 5 days after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, tTG immunoreaction was expressed in microglia which were immunostained with Iba-1 at 4 days post-ischemia, and tTG immunoreactivity in the microglia was also highest at 5 days post-ischemia. In Western blot analysis, tTG protein levels in the CA1 region after ischemia/reperfusion began to increase 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion and peaked 5 days after ischemia/reperfusion. The expression of tTG in PECAM-1-immunoreactive blood vessels may be associated with integrin regulation or transendothelial migration of leukocytes in the ischemic CA1 region. In this study, we also observed the effect of cystamine, a tTG inhibitor, against ischemic damage. Administration of cystamine protected in certain degree neuronal damage from ischemic damage in the CA1 region. These results suggest that tTG may be associated with neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
Hwang
In Koo
IK
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Yoo
Ki-Yeon
KY
Yi
Sun Shin
SS
Kim
Il Yong
IY
Hwang
Hye Sook
HS
Lee
Kyung-Yul
KY
Choi
Sun Mi
SM
Lee
In Se
IS
Yoon
Yeo Sung
YS
Kim
Soo Youl
SY
Won
Moo Ho
MH
Seong
Je Kyung
JK
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D048588:Benzoxazines; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000201:enzymology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D003538:Cystamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010078:Oxazines; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
D048588:Benzoxazines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C028911:cresyl violet; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D003538:Cystamine