Absence of genotoxic potential of 902 MHz (GSM) and 1747 MHz (DCS) wireless communication signals: In vivo two-year bioassay in B6C3F1 mice.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the incidence of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes of B6C3F1 mice that had been chronically exposed to radiofrequencies (RF) used for mobile communication.


METHODS
'Ferris wheels' were used to expose tube-restrained male and female mice to simulated environmental RF signals of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, 902 MHz) or Digital Cellular System (DCS, 1747 MHz). RF signals were applied to the mice for 2 hours/day on 5 days/week for two years, at maximal whole-body-averaged specific absorption rates of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 W/kg body weight. Concurrent sham-exposed mice, cage controls, and positive controls injected with mitomycin C were included in this investigation. At necropsy, peripheral blood smears were prepared, and coded slides were stained using May-Grunwald-Giemsa or acridine orange. The incidence of micronuclei was recorded for each mouse in 2000 polychromatic and 2000 normochromatic erythrocytes.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei between RF-exposed, sham-exposed, and cage control mice, irrespective of the staining/counting method used. Micronuclei were, however, significantly increased in polychromatic erythrocytes of the positive control mice.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the data did not indicate RF-induced genotoxicity in mice after two years of exposure.
Ziemann
Christina
C
Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany. christina.ziemann@item.fraunhofer.de
Brockmeyer
Heidrun
H
Reddy
Siddharth B
SB
Vijayalaxmi
Prihoda
Thomas J
TJ
Kuster
Niels
N
Tillmann
Thomas
T
Dasenbrock
Clemens
C
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D040421:Cell Phone; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors