Mass spectrometry characterization of the glycation sites of bovine insulin by tandem mass spectrometry.
Bovine insulin was glycated under hyperglycemic reducing conditions and in nonreducing conditions. Purification through HPLC allowed isolating glycated forms of insulin and a novel triglycated form (6224.5 Da) was purified. Endoproteinase Glu-C digestion combined with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) allowed determining the exact location of the glycation sites in each of the isolated glycated insulins. For the first time, a triglycated form of insulin was isolated and characterized accordingly to its glycation sites. These glucose binding sites were identified as the N-terminals of both chains (Gly1 and Phe1) and residue Lys29 of B-chain. Moreover, in diglycated insulin we found the coexistence of one specie glycated at the N-terminals of both chains (Gly1 and Phe1) and another specie containing the two glucitol adducts in B-chain (Phe1 and Lys29). Also, in monoglycated insulin generated in reducing and nonreducing conditions, one specie glycated at Phe1 and another specie glycated at Lys29, both B-chain residues coexist.
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Sofia
S
Guedes
Rui
R
Vitorino
M Rosário M
MR
Domingues
Francisco
F
Amado
Pedro
P
Domingues
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C028344:glutamyl endopeptidase; D005947:Glucose