Vitamin D: physiology and pathophysiology.
Although vitamin D was initially considered a nutrient, it has been recognized that the molecules derived from vitamin D metabolism are best considered as a complex endocrine system. In this review article we summarize the basic concepts regarding vitamin D metabolism, transport, and genomic activity through the vitamin D receptor, facilitating activation or suppression of target genes. We also examine non-genomic actions, biological responses to vitamin D in classic target organs (intestine, bone, kidneys, and parathyroid glands), and in organs and tissues not related to mineral homeostasis.
Gallieni
Maurizio
M
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan - Italy. maurizio.gallieni@unimi.it
Cozzolino
Mario
M
Fallabrino
Giuditta
G
Pasho
Sabina
S
Olivi
Laura
L
Brancaccio
Diego
D
D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology
D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; D014807:Vitamin D