Heart rate recovery after exercise and incidence of type 2 diabetes in men.
OBJECTIVE
We tested that slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise testing, indicative of decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity, is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in 1,813 healthy men.


METHODS
Heart rate recovery was calculated as the difference between maximum heart rate during the exercise test and heart rate 1 min after cessation of the exercise test.


RESULTS
During an average of 6.4 years of follow-up, 64 (3.5%) subjects developed type 2 diabetes. The unadjusted relative risk (RR) of developing incident diabetes in the slowest versus the fastest HRR quartile was 3.13 (95% CI, 1.28-7.65). However, the association was no longer significant after adjustment for diabetes risk factors and baseline glucose (RR = 2.28, 95% CI, 0.87-5.95).


CONCLUSIONS
Slow HRR is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, but these relationships were largely explained by baseline fasting glucose in healthy men.
Jae
Sae Young
SY
Department of Sports Informatics, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea. syjae@uos.ac.kr
Carnethon
Mercedes R
MR
Heffernan
Kevin S
KS
Fernhall
Bo
B
Lee
Moon-Kyu
MK
Park
Won Hah
WH
D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose