Big heads in Port Moresby General Hospital: an audit of hydrocephalus cases seen from 2003 to 2004.
BACKGROUND
Hydrocephalus is a common neurosurgical problem in Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) contributing to 27 (24%) of the 114 neurosurgical operations done in 2003 and 2004. During the same period it was responsible for 25% of the cases seen in the neurosurgery clinic.


OBJECTIVE
To prospectively audit and follow up hydrocephalus cases in PMGH over 2 years from January 2003 to December 2004 and ascertain the causes and the outcome of treatment.


METHODS
All cases of hydrocephalus seen in 2003 and 2004 were categorized according to cause. The associated findings on ultrasound scan or CT (computed tomography) scan when available were noted. The subsequent progress was documented with and without treatment for at least 6 months.


RESULTS
61 cases of hydrocephalus were seen for surgical opinion. The age ranged from 4 weeks to 56 years. The commonest age group affected was in the first year of life (61% of cases). There were 34 cases (56%) of congenital hydrocephalus followed by 19 (31%) post meningitis and 8 (13%) due to tumour. There was only one case of myelomeningocele with concomitant hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts were inserted in 24 cases. 3 shunts were bypasses from the posterior horn to the cisterna magna, making a total of 27 shunt operations. 9 shunts were performed for post-meningitic hydrocephalus, 15 for congenital stenosis and 3 for a posterior fossa tumour. 24 out of the 27 shunt operations were in children aged <9 months. Post-VP-shunt infection of 2 cases reported within 6 weeks of operation gave an infection rate of 7%. There was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in 2 cases with Pundez-type shunts. There were 2 shunt blocks needing revision.


CONCLUSIONS
Shunt operations can be done in PMGH with good outcomes. The decision-making about surgery can be made on the basis of the enlarging head and the ultrasound findings.
Kaptigau
W Matui
WM
Department of Surgery, Port Moresby General Hospital, Free Mail Bag, Boroko, NCD 111, Papua New Guinea.
Ke
Liu
L
Rosenfeld
J V
JV
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010219:Papua New Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; D055815:Young Adult