Association of type 2 diabetes candidate polymorphisms in KCNQ1 with incretin and insulin secretion.
OBJECTIVE
KCNQ1 gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes. This linkage appears to be mediated by altered beta-cell function. In an attempt to study underlying mechanisms, we examined the effect of four KCNQ1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on insulin secretion upon different stimuli.


METHODS
We genotyped 1,578 nondiabetic subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes for rs151290, rs2237892, rs2237895, and rs2237897. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide secretion was measured in 170 participants. In 519 participants, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed, in 314 participants an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and in 102 subjects a hyperglycemic clamp combined with GLP-1 and arginine stimuli.


RESULTS
rs151290 was nominally associated with 30-min C-peptide levels during OGTT, first-phase insulin secretion, and insulinogenic index after adjustment in the dominant model (all P < or = 0.01). rs2237892, rs2237895, and rs2237897 were nominally associated with OGTT-derived insulin secretion indexes (all P < 0.05). No SNPs were associated with beta-cell function during intravenous glucose or GLP-1 administration. However, rs151290 was associated with glucose-stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide and GLP-1 increase after adjustment in the dominant model (P = 0.0042 and P = 0.0198, respectively). No associations were detected between the other SNPs and basal or stimulated incretin levels (all P > or = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Common genetic variation in KCNQ1 is associated with insulin secretion upon oral glucose load in a German population at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The discrepancy between orally and intravenously administered glucose seems to be explained not by altered incretin signaling but most likely by changes in incretin secretion.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Karsten
K
Müssig
Harald
H
Staiger
Fausto
F
Machicao
Kerstin
K
Kirchhoff
Martina
M
Guthoff
Silke A
SA
Schäfer
Konstantinos
K
Kantartzis
Günther
G
Silbernagel
Norbert
N
Stefan
Jens J
JJ
Holst
Baptist
B
Gallwitz
Hans-Ulrich
HU
Häring
Andreas
A
Fritsche
D000328:Adult; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005858:Germany; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; C496909:KCNQ1 protein, human; D021122:Protein Subunits