In vitro and in vivo characterization on amorphous solid dispersion of cyclosporine A for inhalation therapy.
Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been clinically used as immunosuppressant, and new application for airway inflammation was also proposed. However, the clinical use of CsA was limited due to severe adverse effects after systemic exposure and the poor solubility. In the present investigation, novel respirable powder (RP) of CsA was developed for pulmonary administration with use of solid dispersion of wet-milled CsA (WM/CsA), and the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the WM/CsA and its RP formulation were characterized. CsA in the solid dispersion was found to be amorphous by X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. It exhibited the improved dissolution behavior as compared to active pharmaceutical ingredients. Laser diffraction and cascade impactor analysis of newly developed WM/CsA-RP, consisting of jet-milled WM/CsA and lactose carriers, suggested high dispersion and deposition in the respiratory organs with the emitted dose and the fine particle fraction of 96 and 54%, respectively. Intratracheal administration of WM/CsA-RP (100 microg CsA) in experimental inflammatory rats led to 71 and 85% reduction of granulocyte recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung tissues, respectively, with showing ca 10(2)-fold reduced AUC and C(max) values of plasma CsA as compared to the oral dosage form of CsA at toxic concentration (10 mg/kg). Upon these findings, WM/CsA-RP would be efficacious dosage form for clinical treatment of airway inflammations with minimal systemic side effects.
Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. onoue@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
Satomi
S
Onoue
Hideyuki
H
Sato
Yohei
Y
Kawabata
Takahiro
T
Mizumoto
Naofumi
N
Hashimoto
Shizuo
S
Yamada
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005079:Excipients; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D005079:Excipients; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine