Mammary tumor heterogeneity in the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
The tumor microenvironment is heterogeneous for the expansion and infiltration by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which has been hypothesized to be dependent on tumor burden. We report a relationships between tumor size, MDSCs and T-cells; using four murine mammary tumors to assess tumor growth, infiltration and gene expression. Our analysis of cellular infiltration into tumors and gene expression used collagenase dissociated tumors and density gradient isolation of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs). The frequency of splenic and peripheral blood (PB) MDSCs was tumor dependent resulting in a significantly increased number of MDSCs. The MDSC frequency inversely correlated with the frequency of CD3+ lymphocytes in the spleen, independent of the tumor studied and directly correlated with tumor burden. Tumor growth up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), granulocyte (G-) and granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), arginase-1 (ARG-1), and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) transcription in the tumor and spleens (not VEGF-A). The frequency of splenic MDSCs directly correlated with splenic COX-2, NOS-2, and ARG-1 message levels, while COX-2 and NOS-2 transcript levels inversely correlated with splenic CD3+ cell frequency. COX-2 mRNA levels also directly correlated with the ARG-1 and NOS-2 transcript levels from tumor-infiltrating leukocytic cells, supporting prostaglandin E2 as a regulator of ARG-1 and NOS-2 transcription. In summary, MDSC numbers in the spleen and tumor microenvironment are tumor dependent, directly correlating with tumor size and inversely correlating with T-cell number. MDSCs are also directly associated with VEGF-A and G-CSF transcript levels suggesting multiple mechanisms for MDSC regulation and COX-2, NOS-2 and ARG-1 supporting multiple mechanisms of T-cell suppression.
Donkor
Moses K
MK
Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 987660 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7660, USA.
Lahue
Elaine
E
Hoke
Traci A
TA
Shafer
Laura R
LR
Coskun
Ugur
U
Solheim
Joyce C
JC
Gulen
Dumrul
D
Bishay
John
J
Talmadge
James E
JE
D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex; D002452:Cell Count; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D017252:CD3 Complex; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001119:Arginase; D015232:Dinoprostone