Treatment of radiation retinopathy following plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma.
OBJECTIVE
Radiation retinopathy and maculopathy are predictable complications resulting from exposure to any source of radiation, including external beam and plaque brachytherapy. Most choroidal melanomas are currently treated with plaque brachytherapy. However, the ensuing complications frequently compromise posttreatment vision. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies on the management of radiation retinopathy and maculopathy.


RESULTS
Intravitreal bevacizumab, intravitreal triamcinolone and laser photocoagulation appear to transiently decrease macular edema, although improvements in visual acuity are limited. In successful studies, recurrent treatments were needed to sustain the effects. Case studies of photodynamic therapy, oral pentoxyphylline and hyperbaric oxygen treatment describe positive results, but further studies are required. One study suggests that laser photocoagulation may be useful in prophylactically treating radiation retinopathy.


CONCLUSIONS
Currently, there are no proven treatments for radiation retinopathy or maculopathy. The current treatment methods require frequent administration with variable improvement in visual acuity.
Wen
Joanne C
JC
Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7000, USA.
McCannel
Tara A
TA
D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*