Effect of cytokines on hyaluronan synthase activity and response to oxidative stress by fibroblasts.
Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF1beta) modulate hyaluronan synthase (HAS) gene expression and protein activity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the response of HAS gene expression and the related protein synthesis in fibroblasts after treatment with TNFalpha, IFNgamma and TGF1beta and to assess the potential protective effect of increased hyaluronan (HA) synthesis during oxidative stress. In this study, gene expression, protein synthesis, hyaluronan content, cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, membrane lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant depletion are determined for HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein formation of the three HAS genes is modulated using different cytokines and various doses and correlated with increased HA synthesis. Protection of fibroblasts from injury induced by exposure to reactive oxygen species was significantly increased by TGF1beta and was associated with increased gene expression and protein formation of HAS1 and HAS2 enzymes synthesising high-molecular-weight HA. It is proposed that specific HAS enzyme activity and HA molecular weight specificity is involved in the protective mechanism.
Campo
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GM
Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125-Messina, Italy. gcampo@unime.it
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Calatroni
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D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; C523794:HAS1 protein, human; C101754:HAS2 protein, human; C105458:HAS3 protein, human; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D005978:Glutathione