Effects of detergents on the West Nile virus protease activity.
Detergents such as Triton X-100 are often used in drug discovery research to weed out small molecule promiscuous and non-specific inhibitors which act by aggregation in solution and undesirable precipitation in aqueous assay buffers. We evaluated the effects of commonly used detergents, Triton X-100, Tween-20, Nonidet-40 (NP-40), Brij-35, and CHAPS, on the enzymatic activity of West Nile virus (WNV) protease. Unexpectedly, Triton X-100, Tween-20, and NP-40 showed an enhancement of in vitro WNV protease activity from 2 to 2.5-fold depending on the detergent and its concentration. On the other hand, Brij-35, at 0.001% enhanced the protease activity by 1.5-fold and CHAPS had the least enhancing effect. The kinetic analysis showed that the increase in protease activity by Triton X-100 was dose-dependent. Furthermore, at Triton X-100 and Tween-20 concentrations higher than 0.001%, the inhibition of compound B, one of the lead compounds against WNV protease identified in a high throughput screen (IC(50) value of 5.7+/-2.5 microM), was reversed. However, in the presence of CHAPS, compound B still showed good inhibition of WNV protease. Our results, taken together, indicate that nonionic detergents, Triton X-100, Tween, and NP-40 are unsuitable for the purpose of discrimination of true versus promiscuous inhibitors of WNV protease in high throughput assays.
Ezgimen
Manolya D
MD
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, United States.
Mueller
Niklaus H
NH
Teramoto
Tadahisa
T
Padmanabhan
R
R
D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*
D003902:Detergents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases