Palliative care of First Nations people: a qualitative study of bereaved family members.
OBJECTIVE
To understand cross-cultural hospital-based end-of-life care from the perspective of bereaved First Nations family members.


METHODS
Phenomenologic approach using qualitative in-depth interviews.


METHODS
A rural town in northern Ontario with a catchment of 23 000 Ojibway and Cree aboriginal patients.


METHODS
Ten recently bereaved aboriginal family members.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed. Data were analyzed using crystallization and immersion techniques. Triangulation and member-checking methods were used to ensure trustworthiness.


RESULTS
First Nations family members described palliative care as a community and extended family experience. They expressed the need for rooms and services that reflect this, including space to accommodate a larger number of visitors than is usual in Western society. Informants described the importance of communication strategies that involve respectful directness. They acknowledged that all hospital employees had roles in the care of their loved ones. Participants generally described their relatives' relationships with nurses and the care the nurses provided as positive experiences.


CONCLUSIONS
Cross-cultural care at the time of death is always challenging. Service delivery and communication strategies must meet cultural and family needs. Respect, communication, appropriate environments, and caregiving were important to participants for culturally appropriate palliative care.
Kelly
Len
L
Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. lkelly@mcmaster.ca
Linkewich
Barb
B
Cromarty
Helen
H
St Pierre-Hansen
Natalie
N
Antone
Irwin
I
Giles
Chris
C
Gilles
Chris
C
D001293:Attitude to Death / Q000208:ethnology*; D001601:Bereavement; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004645:Empathy; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires