[Problems and ethical challenges in public health communication].
Health communication, e.g., mass media campaigns, patient information leaflets or websites, plays an important role in public health. It contributes to citizen empowerment and helps them make informed decisions in health matters. However, public health communication can lead to adverse effects on both individual and societal level, e.g., by inaccurate or partial information, discriminatory messages, scandalizing coverage or inadequate tailoring to relevant target groups. It seems important to suggest ethical criteria for health information, e.g., (1) accuracy, completeness and balance, (2) transparency, (3) participation of the target group, (4) respect for human dignity, (5) social justice and equity, (6) appropriateness. Thoughtfulness is important in order not to stigmatize population subgroups. In addition, it is laborious to comprehensively and correctly present benefits and risks of a certain health behavior. Marketing principles guide how to 'sell' a certain health behavior, but health campaigns should not manipulate target persons for the sake of a population health aim. It remains unclear, however, how the different providers of health information can be held ethically responsible.
Institut für Medizinmanagement und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Deutschland. julika.loss@uni-bayreuth.de
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D003142:Communication; D005858:Germany; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008402:Mass Media / Q000941:ethics; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000941:ethics*; D011287:Prejudice; D011634:Public Health / Q000941:ethics*