An automated analyzer to measure surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes of water soluble inorganic aerosol compounds and reactive trace gases.
Here, we present a new automated instrument for semicontinuous gradient measurements of water-soluble reactive trace gas species (NH3, HNO3, HONO, HCl, and SO2) and their related aerosol compounds (NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, SO4(2-)). Gas and aerosol samples are collected simultaneously at two heights using rotating wet-annular denuders and steam-jet aerosol collectors, respectively. Online (real-time) analysis using ion chromatography (IC) for anions and flow injection analysis (FIA) for NH4+ and NH3 provide a half-hourly averaged gas and aerosol gradients within each hour. Through the use of syringe pumps, IC preconcentration columns, and high-quality purified water, the system achieves detection limits (3sigma-definition) under field conditions of typically: 136/207,135/114, 29/ 22,119/92, and 189/159 ng m(-3) for NH3/NH4+, HNO3/NO3-, HONO/ NO2-, HCl/Cl- and SO2/SO4(2-), respectively. The instrument demonstrates very good linearity and accuracy for liquid and selected gas phase calibrations over typical ambient concentration ranges. As shown by examples from field experiments, the instrument provides sufficient precision (3-9%), even at low ambient concentrations, to resolve vertical gradients and calculate surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes undertypical meteorological conditions of the atmospheric surface layer using the aerodynamic gradient technique.
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK. Thom@ceh.ac.uk
Rick M
RM
Thomas
Ivonne
I
Trebs
René
R
Otjes
Piet A C
PA
Jongejan
Harry
H
Ten Brink
Gavin
G
Phillips
Michael
M
Kortner
Franz X
FX
Meixner
Eiko
E
Nemitz
D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D001331:Automation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015392:Chemistry, Inorganic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D006112:Gravitation; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014919:Wind
D000336:Aerosols; D005740:Gases; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009566:Nitrates; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D000641:Ammonia