Drosophila liquid facets-Related encodes Golgi epsin and is an essential gene required for cell proliferation, growth, and patterning.
Epsin and epsin-Related (epsinR) are multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation. Epsin promotes endocytosis at the plasma membrane, and epsinR functions at the Golgi and early endosomes for trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking. In Drosophila, endocytic epsin is known as Liquid facets, and it is essential specifically for Notch signaling. Here, by generating and analyzing loss-of-function mutants in the liquid facets-Related (lqfR) gene of Drosophila, we investigated the function of Golgi epsin in a multicellular context. We found that LqfR is indeed a Golgi protein, and that like liquid facets, lqfR is essential for Drosophila viability. In addition, primarily by analyzing mutant eye discs, we found that lqfR is required for cell proliferation, insulin-independent cell growth, and cell patterning, consistent with a role in one or several signaling pathways. Epsins in all organisms share an ENTH (epsin N-terminal homology) domain, which binds phosphoinositides enriched at the plasma membrane or the Golgi membrane. The epsinR ENTH domain is also the recognition element for particular cargos. By generating wild-type and mutant lqfR transgenes, we found that all apparent LqfR functions are independent of its ENTH domain. These results suggest that LqfR transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways, and lays the foundation for identifying those proteins.
Lee
Ji-Hoon
JH
Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Overstreet
Erin
E
Fitch
Erin
E
Fleenor
Stephen
S
Fischer
Janice A
JA
D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology; D020043:Genes, Essential; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C114154:epsin; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1