Cellular phone enabled non-invasive tissue classifier.
Cellular phone technology is emerging as an important tool in the effort to provide advanced medical care to the majority of the world population currently without access to such care. In this study, we show that non-invasive electrical measurements and the use of classifier software can be combined with cellular phone technology to produce inexpensive tissue characterization. This concept was demonstrated by the use of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to distinguish through the cellular phone between heart and kidney tissue via the non-invasive multi-frequency electrical measurements acquired around the tissues. After the measurements were performed at a remote site, the raw data were transmitted through the cellular phone to a central computational site and the classifier was applied to the raw data. The results of the tissue analysis were returned to the remote data measurement site. The classifiers correctly determined the tissue type with a specificity of over 90%. When used for the detection of malignant tumors, classifiers can be designed to produce false positives in order to ensure that no tumors will be missed. This mode of operation has applications in remote non-invasive tissue diagnostics in situ in the body, in combination with medical imaging, as well as in remote diagnostics of biopsy samples in vitro.
Center for Bioengineering in the Service of Humanity and Society, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Shlomi.laufer@mail.huji.ac.il
Shlomi
S
Laufer
Boris
B
Rubinsky
D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D040421:Cell Phone; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software