Stress cardiomyopathy after intravenous administration of catecholamines and beta-receptor agonists.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to report a series of patients with stress cardiomyopathy precipitated by the intravenous administration of catecholamines and beta-receptor agonists.


BACKGROUND
Stress cardiomyopathy is a syndrome of transient cardiac dysfunction precipitated by intense emotional or physical stress. Excessive sympathetic stimulation is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of this disorder, but a causal link has not been convincingly demonstrated.


METHODS
We observed 9 cases of stress cardiomyopathy precipitated immediately by the intravenous administration of epinephrine (n = 6) or dobutamine (n = 3). Patients were evaluated with coronary angiography and with serial echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac enzymes.


RESULTS
The median age was 44 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 30 to 48 years), and 7 (78%) were woman. Troponin-I was mildly elevated (median 4.07 ng/ml, IQR: 0.47 to 5.63 ng/ml), but none of the patients undergoing angiography had obstructive coronary disease. All patients developed corrected QT interval (QTc interval) prolongation (median QTc interval 504 ms, IQR: 477 to 568 ms) within 24 h of receiving drug. All 3 previously described variants of left ventricular "ballooning" (apical, midventricular, and basal) were observed. The median ejection fraction on admission was 35% (IQR: 35% to 40%). During follow-up (median 7 days, IQR: 4 to 13 days) there was recovery of left ventricular systolic function in all patients (median ejection fraction 55%, IQR: 40% to 60%, p < 0.001 vs. admission).


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to catecholamines and beta-receptor agonists used routinely during procedures and diagnostic tests can precipitate all the features of stress cardiomyopathy, including cardiac isoenzyme elevation, QTc interval prolongation, and rapidly reversible cardiac dysfunction. These observations strongly implicate excessive sympathetic stimulation as central to the pathogenesis of this unique syndrome.
Abraham
Jacob
J
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mudd
James O
JO
Kapur
Navin K
NK
Kapur
Navin
N
Klein
Kelly
K
Champion
Hunter C
HC
Wittstein
Ilan S
IS
D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000139:chemically induced
D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D004280:Dobutamine; D004837:Epinephrine