Reliability of needs assessments in the community care of older people: impact of the single assessment process in England.
BACKGROUND
The single assessment process (SAP) for older people, introduced in England across health and social care agencies from April 2004, aimed at improving assessment processes. We examined the impact of this policy in terms of the reliability of needs identification within statutory social services assessments.


METHODS
An observational study compared the accuracy of needs identification in samples of older people before and after SAP introduction. Participants, at risk of entering care homes, were interviewed using standardized measures. Needs elicited from interviews were compared with those from statutory social services assessments to ascertain the reliability of needs identification at both times. Inter-rater reliabilities were calculated using the kappa (k) statistic. A Chi-squared statistic tested the equality of kappa values pre- and post-SAP.


RESULTS
Most needs were identified more reliably after SAP introduction (range adjusted k = 0.05-0.58) than before (range adjusted k = -0.09 to 0.28), this being statistically significant for 9 out of 15 needs. Depression, and associated apathy, was an exception.


CONCLUSIONS
Statutory social services assessments better captured need following the introduction of the SAP. However, the extent to which these findings can be attributed to SAP introduction is limited by the introduction of multiple policy initiatives throughout the study period.
Clarkson
P
P
Personal Social Services Research Unit, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, First Floor, Dover Street Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. paul.clarkson@manchester.ac.uk
Abendstern
M
M
Sutcliffe
C
C
Hughes
J
J
Challis
D
D
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000592:standards*; D019370:Observation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results