Optimization of HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis and its use in the profiling of illicit ecstasy tablets (Part 1).
A headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure (HS-SPME) was developed for the profiling of traces present in 3,4-methylenedioxymethylampethamine (MDMA). Traces were first extracted using HS-SPME and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The HS-SPME conditions were optimized using varying conditions. Optimal results were obtained when 40 mg of crushed MDMA sample was heated at 80 degrees C for 15 min, followed by extraction at 80 degrees C for 15 min with a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coated fibre. A total of 31 compounds were identified as traces related to MDMA synthesis, namely precursors, intermediates or by-products. In addition some fatty acids used as tabletting materials and caffeine used as adulterant, were also detected. The use of a restricted set of 10 target compounds was also proposed for developing a screening tool for clustering samples having close profile. 114 seizures were analyzed using an SPME auto-sampler (MultiPurpose Samples MPS2), purchased from Gerstel GMBH & Co. (Germany), and coupled to GC-MS. The data was handled using various pre-treatment methods, followed by the study of similarities between sample pairs based on the Pearson correlation. The results show that HS-SPME, coupled with the suitable statistical method is a powerful tool for distinguishing specimens coming from the same seizure and specimens coming from different seizures. This information can be used by law enforcement personnel to visualize the ecstasy distribution network as well as the clandestine tablet manufacturing.
Bonadio
Federica
F
Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Institut de Police Scientifique, University of Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland.
Margot
Pierre
P
Delémont
Olivier
O
Esseiva
Pierre
P
D019540:Area Under Curve; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013607:Tablets / Q000032:analysis*
D013607:Tablets; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine