Development of extraction and analytical methods of nitrite ion from food samples: microchip electrophoresis with a modified electrode.
Two simple and fast methods for the extraction of the nitrite ion (NO(2)(-)) from food samples have been developed. The methods were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, and their performance for NO(2)(-) extraction was compared with a standard method. The extraction methods yielded relative recoveries between 100 and 120% with good reproducibility of 3.9% (RSD, n = 4) in UV-visible experiments. Microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (MCE-ED) coupled with a copper (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane [Cu(II)-MPS] complex-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) has been employed to detect NO(2)(-) in extracted samples. The Cu(II)-MPS complex was synthesized and characterized by voltammetry, XPS, and FT-IR analyses. Experimental parameters affecting the separation and detection performances of the MCE-ED method were assessed and optimized. The potential for the electrocatalytic reduction of NO(2)(-) for MCE-ED was found to be -190 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). When extracted food samples were analyzed by the MCE-ED method, a reproducible response for the NO(2)(-) reduction (RSD of 4.3%) at the modified-CPE reflected the negligible electrode fouling. A wide dynamic range of 1.0-160 ppm was observed for analyzing standard NO(2)(-) with a sensitivity of 0.05106 ± 0.00141, and the detection limit, based on S/N = 3, was found to be 0.35 ± 0.05 ppm. No apparent interference from NO(3)(-), other inorganic ions, and biological compounds was observed under the optimal experimental conditions. A standard addition method for real samples showed wide concentration ranges of 1.10-155 and 1.2-150 ppm for analyzing NO(2)(-) in ham and sausage samples, respectively.
Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Biophysio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
Muhammad J A
MJ
Shiddiky
Kyung-Sun
KS
Lee
Jungik
J
Son
Deog-Su
DS
Park
Yoon-Bo
YB
Shim
D003300:Copper; D004566:Electrodes; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D012821:Silanes; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
D009573:Nitrites; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D012821:Silanes; D003300:Copper; C102833:(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane