The effect of massage on immune function and stress in women with breast cancer--a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the short-term effects of light pressure effleurage on circulating lymphocytes by studying the number and activity of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in patients with breast cancer compared to a control group. Furthermore, the effect of light pressure effleurage on salivary cortisol levels, heart rate and blood pressure was studied.


METHODS
Single centre, prospective, randomized and controlled study.


METHODS
Thirty women, aged 50 to 75 years (mean 61 sd=7.2) with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy in a hospital in southwestern Sweden were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to either receive massage in the form of a full-body light pressure effleurage treatment, or a control visit where they were given an equal amount of attention. Blood samples, saliva, notation of heart rate and blood pressure were collected before and after massage/control visit. Differences in change over time between groups were analyzed by Student's t-test.


RESULTS
Light pressure effleurage massage decreased the deterioration of NK cell activity occurring during radiation therapy. Furthermore it lowered heart rate and systolic blood pressure. No effects were demonstrated on cortisol and diastolic pressure.


CONCLUSIONS
A single full-body light pressure effleurage massage has a short-term effect on NK cell activity, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with breast cancer. However, the long-term clinical importance of these findings needs to be further investigated.
Billhult
A
A
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Physiotherapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. annika.billhult@vgregion.se
Lindholm
C
C
Gunnarsson
Ronny
R
Stener-Victorin
E
E
D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome