title: Chronic wasting disease prions in elk antler velvet.
abstract: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, fatal prion disease of deer and elk that continues to emerge in new locations. To explore the means by which prions are transmitted with high efficiency among cervids, we examined prion infectivity in the apical skin layer covering the growing antler (antler velvet) by using CWD-susceptible transgenic mice and protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Our finding of prions in antler velvet of CWD-affected elk suggests that this tissue may play a role in disease transmission among cervids. Humans who consume antler velvet as a nutritional supplement are at risk for exposure to prions. The fact that CWD prion incubation times in transgenic mice expressing elk prion protein are consistently more rapid raises the possibility that residue 226, the sole primary structural difference between deer and elk prion protein, may be a major determinant of CWD pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Angers
authors.forename: Tanya S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Napier
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spraker
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: Aru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balachandran
authors.forename: Glenn C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Telling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000999:Antlers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003670:Deer; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017510:Protein Folding; D013045:Species Specificity; D034081:Wasting Disease, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D018621:PrPC Proteins; D018620:PrPSc Proteins