title: Specific glycosphingolipids mediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human and mouse epithelial cell lines.
abstract: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) is a basic process in embryonic development and cancer progression. The present study demonstrates involvement of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the EMT process by using normal murine mammary gland NMuMG, human normal bladder HCV29, and human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells. Treatment of these cells with D-threo-1-(3',4'-ethylenedioxy)phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (EtDO-P4), the glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibitor, which depletes all GSLs derived from GlcCer, (i) down-regulated expression of a major epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin; (ii) up-regulated expression of mesenchymal cell markers vimentin, fibronectin, and N-cadherin; (iii) enhanced haptotactic cell motility; and (iv) converted epithelial to fibroblastic morphology. These changes also were induced in these cell lines with TGF-beta, which is a well-documented EMT inducer. A close association between specific GSL changes and EMT processes induced by EtDO-P4 or TGF-beta is indicated by the following findings: (i) The enhanced cell motility of EtDO-P4-treated cells was abrogated by exogenous addition of GM2 or Gg4, but not GM1 or GM3, in all 3 cell lines. (ii) TGF-beta treatment caused changes in the GSL composition of cells. Notably, Gg4 or GM2 was depleted or reduced in NMuMG, and GM2 was reduced in HCV29. (iii) Exogenous addition of Gg4 inhibited TGF-beta-induced changes of morphology, motility, and levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. These observations indicate that specific GSLs play key roles in defining phenotypes associated with EMT and its reverse process (i.e., mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition).
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Sen-itiroh
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hakomori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C404730:3',4'-ethylenedioxyphenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C011258:G(A1) ganglioside; D005732:Gangliosides; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D011412:Propanolamines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C023246:ceramide glucosyltransferase