title: Influence of antibiotic exposure in the early postnatal period on the development of intestinal microbiota.
abstract: The influence of antibiotic exposure in the early postnatal period on the development of intestinal microbiota was monitored in 26 infants including five antibiotic-treated (AT) subjects orally administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the first 4 days of life and three caesarean-delivered (CD) subjects whose mothers were intravenously injected by the similar type of antibiotics in the same period. The faecal bacterial composition was analysed daily for the first 5 days and monthly for the first 2 months. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the AT subjects showed less diversity with the attenuation of the colonization of some bacterial groups, especially in Bifidobacterium and unusual colonization of Enterococcus in the first week than the control antibiotic-free infants (AF, n=18). Quantitative real-time PCR showed overgrowth of enterococci (day 3, P=0.01; day 5, P=0.003; month 1, P=0.01) and arrested growth of Bifidobacterium (day 3, P=0.03) in the AT group. Furthermore, after 1 month, the Enterobacteriaceae population was markedly higher in the AT group than in the AF group (month 1, P=0.02; month 2, P=0.02). CD infants sustained similar, although relatively weaker, alteration in the developing microbiota. These results indicate that antibiotic exposure at the beginning of life greatly influences the development of neonatal intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Microbial Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigemitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Prapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Songjinda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubouchi
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonomoto
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011247:Pregnancy; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial