title: Gender differences on bioavailabity of ofloxacin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fluoroquinolones are currently enjoying extensive worldwide clinical applications because of their good bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile. Investigation into several aspects of the pharmacokinetic of all clinically relevant fluoroquinolones, have been carried out notably in Europe, USA and Japan. In view of the 'geonetical' (geographical influences on genetics-pharmacogenetics) differences, it is important that for the optimal therapeutic outcome, biodisposition studies on drugs are better conducted in the population and environments where wide and extensive use of the drug is anticipated. The Objectives of study were to see the pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy young male and female volunteers. This comparative study was conducted King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, from July 2005 to December 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Pakistan where the use of antibiotics is more frequent by the general practitioners it is important to elucidate certain dose parameters it is also noticed that side effects are more in females than males so present study is conducted to calculate any differences in bioavailability on the basis of sex. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ofloxacin were determined in each of the clinically health eight young girls and boys (mean age 23.9 and 25.1 years, respectively) following a single oral dose of 400 mg tablet. The method adopted was microbiological assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood samples collected at predetermined time intervals after drug administration revealed almost twice as high concentration of the drug in plasma of the girls than that in the boys. The pharmacokinetic parameters revealed significantly (p < 0.01) higher values for area under curve (AUC) and C(max) and lower total body clearance (TBC) and volume of distribution in the girls than in the boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gender differences in pharmacokinetic parameters indicate that the dose adjustment should be considered in male and female.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan. zulfiqar164@yahoo.com
authors.lastname: Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan
authors.forename: Sualeha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riffat
authors.forename: Rahat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naseer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015242:Ofloxacin