title: Characteristics of muscle dysmorphia in male football, weight training, and competitive natural and non-natural bodybuilding samples.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in traits associated with muscle dysmorphia between collegiate football players (n=66), weight trainers for physique (n=115), competitive non-natural bodybuilders (n=47), and competitive natural bodybuilders (n=65). All participants completed demographic questionnaires in addition to the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (Rhea, Lantz, & Cornelius, 2004). Results revealed a significant main effect for group, and post hoc tests found that the non-natural bodybuilding group did not score significantly higher than the natural bodybuilding group on any subscale except for Pharmacological Use. Both the non-natural and natural bodybuilding groups scored significantly higher than those that weight trained for physique on the Dietary Behavior and Supplement Use subscales. The collegiate football players scored lowest on all subscales of the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory except for Physique Protection where they scored highest. Findings are discussed with future research expounded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Kinesiology, Recreation, and Dance, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. baghurst@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baghurst
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lirgg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D001828:Body Image; D049628:Body Size; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004300:Doping in Sports; D004328:Drive; D005538:Football / Q000523:psychology*; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D055070:Resistance Training; D012945:Social Values; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult