[Radiation exposure of children in pediatric radiology. Part 5: organ doses in chest radiography].
OBJECTIVE
Reconstruction of organ doses of selected organs and tissues from radiographic settings and exposure data collected during chest X-ray examinations of children of various age groups performed in Dr. von Hauner's Kinderspital (children's hospital of the University of Munich, DvHK) between 1976 and 2007.


METHODS
The dosimetric data of all X-ray examinations performed since 1976 at DvHK were stored electronically in a database. After 30 years of data collection, the database now includes 305 107 radiological examinations (radiographs and fluoroscopies), especially 119 150 chest radiographs of all age groups. Reconstruction of organ doses in 40 organs and tissues in X-ray examinations of the chest was performed based on the conversion factor concept.


RESULTS
The radiation exposure of organs in projection radiography is determined by the exact site of the organs relative to the edges of the X-ray field and the beam direction of X-rays. Optimal collimation in chest radiography can reduce the exposure of organs located at the periphery of the X-ray field, e. g. thyroid gland, stomach and partially the liver, by a factor of 2 to 3, while organs located in the center of the X-ray-field, e. g. thymus, breasts, lungs, esophagus and red bone marrow, are not affected by exact collimation.


CONCLUSIONS
The high frequency of the roentgen examination of the chest in early age groups increases the collective radiation burden to radiosensitive organs. Therefore, radiation protection of the patient during chest radiographies remains of great importance.
Seidenbusch
M C
MC
Abteilung Radiologie, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, München.
Schneider
K
K
D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D001822:Body Burden; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004947:Esophagus / Q000528:radiation effects; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000528:radiation effects; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012984:Software; D013270:Stomach / Q000528:radiation effects; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects