title: Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of Rasmussen encephalitis.
abstract: A 5-year-old girl presented with intractable seizures and nonfocal hemispheric slowing on EEG. Blood, urine, and CSF laboratory values were all normal. MR imaging of the brain demonstrated diffuse volume loss of the entire left hemisphere. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Rasmussen encephalitis. Diffusion tensor imaging demonstrated increased ADC values and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the affected (left) hemisphere. Tractography data showed decreased numbers of lines drawn in the affected hemisphere, with fewer lines drawn at higher FA thresholds, relative to the contralateral hemisphere, or to normal age-matched controls. Diffusion tensor imaging offers an adjunct MR imaging modality in diagnosis and monitoring of this rare condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fletcher Allen Hospital, The University of Vermont, 111 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05401, USA. keithcauley@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: Heather N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Burbank
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*