title: Short-term blackcurrant extract consumption modulates exercise-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses.
abstract: Exercise-induced oxidative stress is instrumental in achieving the health benefits from regular exercise. Therefore, inappropriate use of fruit-derived products (commonly applied as prophalytic antioxidants) may counteract the positive effects of exercise. Using human exercise and cellular models we found that 1) blackcurrant supplementation suppressed exercise-induced oxidative stress, e.g., plasma carbonyls (0.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein, placebo vs. blackcurrant), and 2) preincubation of THP-1 cells with an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract inhibited LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion [TNF-alpha (16,453 +/- 322 vs. 10,941 +/- 82 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P < 0.05) and IL-6 (476 +/- 14 vs. 326 +/- 32 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P < 0.05)] and NF-kappaB activation. In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we found that postexercise plasma collected after blackcurrant supplementation enhanced the differential temporal LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, resulting in an early suppression of TNF-alpha (1,741 +/- 32 vs. 1,312 +/- 42 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P < 0.05) and IL-6 (44 +/- 5 vs. 36 +/- 3 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P < 0.05) secretion after 24 h. Furthermore, by using an oxidative stress cell model, we found that preincubation of THP-1 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) prior to extract exposure caused a greater suppression of LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion after 24 h, which was not evident when cells were simultaneously incubated with H(2)O(2) and the extract. In summary, our findings support the concept that consumption of blackcurrant anthocyanins alleviate oxidative stress, and may, if given at the appropriate amount and time, complement the ability of exercise to enhance immune responsiveness to potential pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Health & Food Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., Hamilton. New Zealand.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; C498143:RELA protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C440499:lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli O111 B4; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha