title: Differentiating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive and combined types: a (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of fronto-striato-thalamic regions.
abstract: Despite the implication of fronto-striatal circuits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a lack of information on the role of these regions, especially the thalamus, in the heterogeneity of ADHD. We assessed the (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy profile in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)-thalamic-striatal regions bilaterally in three groups of subjects (age range 18-24 years old): ADHD inattentive type (ADHD-I; n = 9), ADHD combined type (ADHD-C; n = 10) and non-ADHD controls (n = 12). The peaks of N-acetylaspartate, Choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), creatine (Cr) and glutamate-glutamine-GABA (Glx) to Cr were calculated. Subjects with ADHD-C showed lower mI/Cr ratio in the right VMPFC than controls, higher Cho/Cr ratio in the left thalamus-pulvinar than the ADHD-I group and higher Glx/Cr ratio in left putamen than individuals with ADHD-I and controls. This metabolic profile suggests a disruption of fronto-striato-thalamic structures in the ADHD-C as a result of lower neuronal energetic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neurosciences, and Neurology and Psychiatry Services, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. pedro.e.ferreira@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Pedro E M S
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmini
authors.forename: Claiton H D
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bau
authors.forename: Eugenio Horacio
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Grevet
authors.forename: João Rubião
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoefel
authors.forename: Luis Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anés
authors.forename: Eloisa Elena
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belmonte-de-Abreu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020649:Pulvinar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline