title: Treatment strategies for acute pulmonary embolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition that has been treated with anticoagulation for almost 50 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the current treatment options for PE and discuss recently published new features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed literature involving the treatment strategies for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and in particular pulmonary embolism. Specific attention was drawn towards the evidence of the present treatment and of drugs being studied in Phase III trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of acute PE consists of parenteral administration of heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin or fondaparinux overlapped and followed by oral vitamin K antagonists for a minimum of 3 months. Contemporary features include the emergence of new anticoagulant drugs such as oral synthetic inhibitors of thrombin or factor Xa. The duration of anticoagulation for unprovoked VTE remains highly debated.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. marc.blondon@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blondon
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bounameaux
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Righini
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017128:Embolectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016306:Vena Cava Filters