title: Using paid mass media to teach the warning signs of stroke: the long and the short of it.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and rapid treatment is critical to patient outcomes. This paper looks at the effect of paid television advertising campaigns upon the general public's knowledge of the warning signs of stroke and emergency department (ED) stroke presentations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for the study includes results of nine random-digit dialing telephone surveys conducted among Ontario adults aged 45 and over. The mean number of ED presentations for all strokes and for transient ischemic attacks (TIA) were obtained from the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network (RCSN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polls indicated that long advertising campaigns were associated with significant increases in the public's knowledge of stroke warning signs, while shorter campaigns were associated with much smaller increases. Time (as represented by month) was the single most important factor determining the mean number of ED presentations for total stroke but was not for TIAs. Campaign status (on or off the air) had a strong and significant effect on ED presentations when the advertising campaigns were long; when the advertising campaigns were shortened, there was no campaign effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long, intermittent campaigns are effective in increasing the public's awareness of the warning signs of stroke and may have a significant effect on ED presentations for stroke and TIA. Public awareness of stroke warning signs declines during advertising black-outs, so short campaigns are less effective.
authors.affiliation: CSH Associates, Burlington, ON, Canada. corinne@cshodgson.com
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rubini
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008402:Mass Media; D009864:Ontario; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*