title: Molecularly imprinted nanopatterns for the recognition of biological warfare agent ricin.
abstract: Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for biological warfare agent (BWA) ricin was synthesized using silanes in order to avoid harsh environments during the synthesis of MIP. The synthesized MIP was utilized for the recognition of ricin. The complete removal of ricin from polymer was confirmed by fluorescence spectrometer and SEM-EDAX. SEM and EDAX studies confirmed the attachment of silane polymer on the surface of silica gel matrix. SEM image of Ricin-MIP exhibited nanopatterns and it was found to be entirely different from the SEM image of non-imprinted polymer (NIP). BET surface area analysis revealed more surface area (227 m(2)/g) for Ricin-MIP than that of NIP (143 m(2)/g). In addition, surface area study also showed more pore volume (0.5010 cm(3)/g) for Ricin-MIP than that of NIP (0.2828 cm(3)/g) at 12 nm pore diameter confirming the presence of imprinted sites for ricin as the reported diameter of ricin is 12 nm. The recognition and rebinding ability of the Ricin-MIP was tested in aqueous solution. Ricin-MIP rebound more ricin when compared to the NIP. Chromatogram obtained with Ricin-MIP exhibited two peaks due to imprinting, however, chromatogram of NIP exhibited only one peak for free ricin. SDS-PAGE result confirmed the second peak observed in chromatogram of Ricin-MIP as ricin peak. Ricin-MIP exhibited an imprinting efficiency of 1.76 and it also showed 10% interference from the structurally similar protein abrin.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
authors.forename: Santwana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boopathi
authors.forename: Om
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baghel
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mahato
authors.forename: Beer
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002845:Chromatography; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012276:Ricin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D011108:Polymers; D012276:Ricin