title: Body iron excretion by healthy men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron excretion measured by isotope dilution has been a primary basis for the factorial derivation of recommendations for iron intake, but the results have been available for men only.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to confirm iron excretion measurements in healthy men and extend them to women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The turnover rate of 55Fe that had been administered > or =1 y earlier was determined from blood sampled semiannually for up to 3 y from 53 subjects in the community. Body iron was determined from hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Complete menstrual collections were obtained from 13 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total median (range) iron excretion was 1.18 (0.11-2.07) mg/d for 29 men, 1.58 (0.65-4.88) mg/d for 19 menstruating women, and 0.99 (0.86-1.57) for 5 postmenopausal women. When hormonal contraceptive users were omitted, the median for 15 menstruating women increased to 1.66 mg/d. The distribution of iron excretion was normal for the men and postmenopausal women and was highly skewed for the menstruating women; menstrual iron accounted for 90% of the variation. Iron excretion was not strongly related to body weight. Body iron in menstruating women decreased somewhat (by 4.6%) in the men and tended to increase (by 1.5%) during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results extend direct iron excretion measurements in men to include similar measurements in women. The results emphasize the wide range of iron excretion in humans, which results in a 40-fold range of requirements for absorbed iron. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00755105.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. janetrhunt@gmail.com
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Carol Ann
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: LuAnn K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006207:Half-Life; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008598:Menstruation / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron