title: Effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease: subanalysis of the CASE-J Study.
abstract: We examined the effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using the data from the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial. CKD was defined as proteinuria and/or decreased GFR (<60 ml per min per 1.73 m(2)) at enrollment. Among 2720 subjects with CKD, there were 1376 and 1344 patients in the candesartan and the amlodipine group, respectively. During a 3.2-year follow-up, cardiovascular event rate did not differ in the two groups (7.2% for candesartan and 7.6% for amlodipine). In the subgroup analysis based on the CKD stage, there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of cardiovascular events between the two groups in stages 1+2 and 3 CKD. In stage 4 CKD, however, candesartan reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events (55% risk reduction), particularly of renal events (81% risk reduction), compared with amlodipine. Furthermore, composite cardiovascular events were increased as the CKD stage progressed, and this effect was exaggerated in the presence of proteinuria. Finally, the new onset of diabetes was less in the candesartan-based regimen in stage 3 CKD. In conclusion, candesartan protected hypertensive patients with CKD more potently against renal events, particularly in moderately-to-severely impaired CKD. Furthermore, candesartan prevented a new onset of diabetes in CKD, which would be favorable for the long-term management of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saruta
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Kazuwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kohshiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukiyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D013777:Tetrazoles; D017311:Amlodipine; C081643:candesartan