title: [Postpartum hemorrhage: an observational study of 21,726 deliveries in 28 months].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study from July 2005 to November 2007 in women who were admitted to the recovery unit of a tertiary referral hospital due to postpartum hemorrhage. We analyzed incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and associated risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 21,726 deliveries (124 with severe bleeding). Postpartum hemorrhage was more common after an instrumental delivery (odds ratio [OR], 4.54) and after a cesarean delivery (OR, 2.86). The risk factors identified in the study population were multiple gestation pregnancy and fetal death. One patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The main causes of bleeding were uterine atony (45.2%) followed by vaginal tearing (26.6%). Treatment was provided using packed red blood cells in 96.8% of the patients, fibrinogen in 49.2%, prothrombin complex in 7.25% and activated factor VII in 3.2%. Selective arterial embolization was performed in 10.5% of the cases (success rate, 84.6%) and hysterectomy was required in 13.7%. The main complications were need for postoperative mechanical ventilation (11.3%), myocardial ischemia (4%), pulmonary edema (4.8%), acute renal failure (8.9%), ventricular fibrillation (0.8%), and death (0.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage in patients treated at our hospital is low, as is the mortality rate. Use of fibrinogen is common and provides good results. Angiographic embolization is very effective, though the percentage of hysterectomies is still high. Multiple gestation pregnancy and fetal death are associated risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid. emiguash@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guasch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alsina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilsanz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D015994:Incidence; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D006490:Hemostatics; D010120:Oxytocics