title: Assessment of mitochondrial impairment and cerebral blood flow in severe brain injured patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We believe that in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the reduction of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) occurs in the presence of adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) which would lend support to the concept of mitochondrial impairment. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in severely injured patients (GCS 8 or less) by obtaining simultaneous measures of CBF and NAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients were studied of which six patients presented as diffuse injury at admission CT, while focal lesions were present in eight patients. CBF using stable xenon method was measured at the same time that NAA was measured by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy (1HMRS) in the MR suite. Additionally, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In diffuse injury, NAA/Cr reduction occurred uniformly throughout the brain where the values of CBF in all patients were well above ischemic threshold. In focal injury, we observed ischemic CBF values in the core of the lesions. However, in areas other than the core, CBF was above ischemic levels and NAA/Cr levels were decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the direct link between energy metabolism and NAA synthesis in the mitochondria, this study showed that in the absence of an ischemic insult, reductions in NAA concentration reflects mitochondrial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1001 East Broad Street, Suite 235, P.O. Box 980508, Richmond, VA 23298-0508, USA. gaaygok@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Gunes A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Aygok
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmarou
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fatouros
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kettenmann
authors.forename: Ross M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011522:Protons; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate