title: Progesterone receptor A-regulated gene expression in mammary organoid cultures.
abstract: Progesterone, through the progesterone receptor (PR), promotes development of the normal mammary gland and is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer. We identified PRA-regulated genes by microarray analysis of cultured epithelial organoids derived from pubertal and adult mouse mammary glands, developmental stages with differing progesterone responsiveness. Microarray analysis showed significant progestin (R5020)-regulation of 162 genes in pubertal organoids and 104 genes in adult organoids, with 68 genes regulated at both developmental stages. Greater induction of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand and calcitonin expression was observed in adult organoids, suggesting possible roles in the differential progesterone responsiveness of the adult and pubertal mammary glands. Analysis of the R5020-responsive transcriptome revealed several enriched biological processes including cell adhesion, immune response, and survival. R5020 both induced Agtr1 and potentiated angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation, highlighting the functional significance of the latter process. Striking up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity processes included the leukocyte chemoattractants serum amyloid A1, 2 and 3 (Saa1, 2, 3). In vivo analysis revealed that progesterone treatment increased SAA1 protein expression and leukocyte density in mammary gland regions undergoing epithelial expansion. These studies reveal novel targets of PRA in mammary epithelial cells and novel linkages of progesterone action during mammary gland development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Aupperlee
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durairaj
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miksicek
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leipprandt
authors.forename: Ying S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Sandra Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Haslam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011372:Progestins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011397:Promegestone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C101118:progesterone receptor A; D011397:Promegestone