title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis in Japanese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. Both diseases were previously shown to be partly influenced by cytokine gene polymorphisms. Therefore, we evaluated whether the distributions of the cytokine genotypes were unique to subjects with both diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects consisted of Japanese adults with RA (RA group; n = 153), periodontitis only (P group; n = 117), and healthy individuals (H group; n = 108). Clinical periodontal condition was defined by measurements of probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and analyzed for the determination of 16 gene polymorphisms encoding interleukin (IL)-1, -2, -4, -6, and -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of patients with RA who exhibited periodontitis was 89.5% (RA + P group; n = 137). No significant differences were observed in any of the frequencies of cytokine genotypes and alleles among the subject groups. After adjustment for age, gender, and smoking status, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant difference in the distribution of IL-1B +3954 genotypes between RA + P and P groups (P = 0.006) and between RA + P and H groups (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese individuals with RA and periodontitis may exhibit different distributions of IL-1B +3954 genotypes than healthy controls and subjects with periodontitis only.
authors.affiliation: General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan. kotetsuo@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murasawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha