title: [Necrotic cells induce and promote inflammatory responses in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of necrotic cells on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW264.7 macrophages and necrotic mouse thymocytes induced by heating were incubated for 18 h at a ratio of 5:1 in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml). The supernatant of the cell culture was collected and the expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using Bio-Plex suspension system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The secretions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukine-6 (IL-6) by macrophages co-cultured with the necrotic cells were significantly enhanced as compared with the control cells. The necrotic cells also significantly augmented the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Necrotic cells not only induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by themselves but also work synergistically with LPS to enhance the cytokine production, suggesting the important roles of necrotic cells to initiate and maintain the inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Transplant Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China. xuan2225@fimmu.com
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Er-wei
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha