title: Different subpopulations of endothelial progenitor cells and circulating apoptotic progenitor cells in patients with vascular disease and diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a repair mechanism involving reendothelialization and neoangiogenesis. Patients with both diabetes and known vascular disease have low numbers of circulating EPCs. To assess the role of diabetes in vascular disease we investigated the number and viability of circulating EPCs and related this to endothelial function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different EPC subpopulations were enumerated by flow cytometry using triple staining (CD34, CD133, KDR). Viability was assessed by 7AAD and Annexin-V-staining. Endothelial function was evaluated by Endo-PAT2000 in 19 patients with known vascular disease without diabetes and 20 patients with vascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD34+, CD133+, CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/KDR+, CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ cell counts did not differ between patients with and without diabetes. CD34-/CD133+/KDR+ cells were lower, whereas staining for apoptosis in progenitor cells was higher in patients with diabetes. Progenitor cell counts did not correlate to peripheral arterial function test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients having diabetes and vascular disease have lower CD34-/CD133+/KDR+ EPC counts, a recently discovered subpopulation of EPCs, and larger proportion of apoptotic EPCs. Higher apoptotic rates of progenitor cells in diabetes could represent an important mechanism explaining lower functional capability of these cells. These observations may be of importance for the complications associated with diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM, 08:03), Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. christian.jung@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Arnar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafnsson
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shemyakin
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pernow
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002452:Cell Count; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2