title: Early treatment for Class II malocclusion and perceived improvements in facial profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to assess whether early Twin-block appliance treatment improves the attractiveness of Class II profiles and to determine the orofacial features of a profile that most influence the perception of attractiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silhouetted profiles of 20 treated patients and 20 untreated controls randomly selected from 174 subjects (ages, 8-10 years) of a randomized, controlled trial into the effectiveness of early Class II treatment were assessed by 30 children (ages, 10-11 years) and 24 teaching staff using a 5-point Likert scale. Independent samples t tests were used to compare attractiveness ratings between the treated and untreated groups. Linear regression was used to determine the features defining attractiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early orthodontic treatment resulted in improved perceptions of facial profile attractiveness. Profiles were likely to be rated as attractive if the overjet was smaller (P = 0.001) and no teeth showed (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Profile silhouettes of children who had received early orthodontic treatment for Class II malocclusion were perceived to be more attractive by peers than those of children who did not receive treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Kevin.O'Brien@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conboy
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Appelbe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birnie
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harradine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Littlewood
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDade
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turbill
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive / Q000295:instrumentation; D010379:Peer Group; D012649:Self Concept; D016896:Treatment Outcome