title: Inhibition of MDR1 does not sensitize primitive chronic myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells to imatinib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction of imatinib mesylate (IM) with the clinically relevant adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporter MDR1 (ABCB1) in cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and to explore whether inhibition of this transporter would improve IM's efficacy in the elimination of CML CD34(+) cells by increasing cell-associated drug accumulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells from newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML patients were harvested by leukapheresis and enriched to >95% CD34(+). Expression of the transporter gene MDR1 was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interaction of IM with MDR1 was analyzed by substrate (rhodamine 123) displacement assay. Cell-associated levels of IM in CML CD34(+) cells were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Intracellular phospho-CrkL levels, apoptosis in total CML CD34(+) cells and high-resolution tracking of cell division were assayed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements of cell-associated IM uptake showed significantly lower drug levels in CD34(+) cells, particularly the CD38(-) subpopulation, as compared to IM-sensitive K562 cells. MDR1 was expressed at low level and dye efflux studies demonstrated very little MDR1 activity in CML CD34(+) cells. Furthermore, combination treatment of primitive CML cells with IM and the MDR1 inhibitor PSC833 did not result in elevated cell-associated IM levels. Although we observed slightly enhanced cytostasis with IM when combined with PSC833, this was independent of BCR-ABL inhibition because no associated decrease in phospho-CrkL was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of MDR1 neither enhances the effect of IM against BCR-ABL activity, nor significantly potentiates IM's efficiency in eliminating primitive CML cells.
authors.affiliation: Section of Experimental Haematology, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatziieremia
authors.forename: Niove E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Jordanides
authors.forename: Tessa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Holyoake
authors.forename: Joanne C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mountford
authors.forename: Heather G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D017209:Apoptosis; D001549:Benzamides; D001692:Biological Transport; D002455:Cell Division; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020014:K562 Cells; D007937:Leukapheresis; D015466:Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D001549:Benzamides; D003524:Cyclosporins; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; C070272:valspodar