title: Flotillins interact with PSGL-1 in neutrophils and, upon stimulation, rapidly organize into membrane domains subsequently accumulating in the uropod.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophils polarize and migrate in response to chemokines. Different types of membrane microdomains (rafts) have been postulated to be present in rear and front of polarized leukocytes and disruption of rafts by cholesterol sequestration prevents leukocyte polarization. Reggie/flotillin-1 and -2 are two highly homologous proteins that are ubiquitously enriched in detergent resistant membranes and are thought to shape membrane microdomains by forming homo- and hetero-oligomers. It was the goal of this study to investigate dynamic membrane microdomain reorganization during neutrophil activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show now, using immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation, that endogenous flotillin-1 and -2 colocalize and associate in resting spherical and polarized primary neutrophils. Flotillins redistribute very early after chemoattractant stimulation, and form distinct caps in more than 90% of the neutrophils. At later time points flotillins accumulate in the uropod of polarized cells. Chemotactic peptide-induced redistribution and capping of flotillins requires integrity and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, but does not involve Rho-kinase dependent signaling related to formation of the uropod. Both flotillin isoforms are involved in the formation of this membrane domain, as uropod location of exogenously expressed flotillins is dramatically enhanced by co-overexpression of tagged flotillin-1 and -2 in differentiated HL-60 cells as compared to cells expressing only one tagged isoform. Flotillin-1 and -2 associate with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) in resting and in stimulated neutrophils as shown by colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation. Neutrophils isolated from PSGL-1-deficient mice exhibit flotillin caps to the same extent as cells isolated from wild type animals, implying that PSGL-1 is not required for the formation of the flotillin caps. Finally we show that stimulus-dependent redistribution of other uropod-located proteins, CD43 and ezrin/radixin/moesin, occurs much slower than that of flotillins and PSGL-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that flotillin-rich actin-dependent membrane microdomains are importantly involved in neutrophil uropod formation and/or stabilization and organize uropod localization of PSGL-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossy
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlicht
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Niggli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein; C106354:flotillins