title: Interval to testosterone recovery after hormonal therapy for prostate cancer and risk of death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the risk of death is associated with the time to testosterone recovery (TTR) after radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2001, 206 men with localized, unfavorable-risk PCa were randomized to receive RT or RT plus 6 months of HT. A multivariate postrandomization Cox regression analysis was used to assess whether the TTR in years was associated with the risk of death after adjusting for the known prognostic factors, age, Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 score, and the use of HT for recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 102 men randomized to receive RT and HT, 57 (56%) had a TTR of >2 years, and none of these men had died of PCa after a median follow-up of 7.6 years. As the TTR increased, the risk of death decreased significantly (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.84; p = .003). A significant interaction was noted between the TTR and the comorbidity score (p = .002). The survival estimates were similar (p = 0.17) across the TTR values in men with moderate to severe comorbidity; however, these estimates increased significantly (p < .001) with decreasing PCa-specific mortality (p = .006) as the TTR increased in men with no or minimal comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study have shown that a longer TTR after RT plus 6 months of HT for unfavorable-risk PCa is associated with a lower risk of death in men with no or minimal comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. adamico@partners.org
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005485:Flutamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D005485:Flutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen