title: Infected necrosis in severe pancreatitis--combined nonsurgical multi-drainage with directed transabdominal high-volume lavage in critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection of pancreatic necrosis is a life-threatening complication during the course of acute pancreatitis. In critically ill patients, surgical or extended endoscopic interventions are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive procedures on the other hand are often insufficient in patients suffering from large necrotic areas containing solid or purulent material. We present a strategy combining percutaneous and transgastric drainage with continuous high-volume lavage for treatment of extended necroses and liquid collections in a series of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis and large confluent infected pancreatic necrosis were enrolled. In all cases, the first therapeutic procedure was placement of a CT-guided drainage catheter into the fluid collection surrounding peripancreatic necrosis. Thereafter, a second endosonographically guided drainage was inserted via the gastric or the duodenal wall. After communication between the separate drains had been proven, an external to internal directed high-volume lavage with a daily volume of 500 ml up to 2,000 ml was started.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, pancreatic necrosis/liquid collections could be resolved completely by the presented regime. No patient died in the course of our study. After initiation of the directed high-volume lavage, there was a significant clinical improvement in all patients. Double drainage was performed for a median of 101 days, high-volume lavage for a median of 41 days. Several endoscopic interventions for stent replacement were required (median 8). Complications such as bleeding or perforation could be managed endoscopically, and no subsequent surgical therapy was necessary. All patients could be dismissed from the hospital after a median duration of 78 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach of combined percutaneous/endoscopic drainage with high-volume lavage shows promising results in critically ill patients with extended infected pancreatic necrosis and high risk of surgical intervention. Neither surgical nor endoscopic necrosectomy was necessary in any of our patients.
authors.affiliation: Second Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. valentin.becker@gmx.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meining
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umgelter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajbouj
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaa
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016638:Critical Illness; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012151:Resuscitation; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride