title: The active form of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor lacks exon 8, and its Pro 185 and Ala 185 variants repress both AHR and hypoxia-inducible factor.
abstract: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor (AHRR) inhibits AHR-mediated transcription and has been associated with reproductive dysfunction and tumorigenesis in humans. Previous studies have characterized the repressor function of AHRRs from mice and fish, but the human AHRR ortholog (AHRR(715)) appeared to be nonfunctional in vitro. Here, we report a novel human AHRR cDNA (AHRRDelta8) that lacks exon 8 of AHRR(715). AHRRDelta8 was the predominant AHRR form expressed in human tissues and cell lines. AHRRDelta8 effectively repressed AHR-dependent transactivation, whereas AHRR(715) was much less active. Similarly, AHRRDelta8, but not AHRR(715), formed a complex with AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). Repression of AHR by AHRRDelta8 was not relieved by overexpression of ARNT or AHR coactivators, suggesting that competition for these cofactors is not the mechanism of repression. AHRRDelta8 interacted weakly with AHR but did not inhibit its nuclear translocation. In a survey of transcription factor specificity, AHRRDelta8 did not repress the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor or estrogen receptor alpha but did repress hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signaling. AHRRDelta8-Pro(185) and -Ala(185) variants, which have been linked to human reproductive disorders, both were capable of repressing AHR or HIF. Together, these results identify AHRRDelta8 as the active form of human AHRR and reveal novel aspects of its function and specificity as a repressor.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, MS#32, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
authors.forename: Sibel I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Karchner
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jenny
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tarrant
authors.forename: Brad R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Insoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sherr
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D005091:Exons; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000409:Alanine; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011392:Proline; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C111235:AHR protein, human; C492162:AHRR protein, human