title: The influence of dipper and nondipper blood pressure patterns on left ventricular functions in hypertensive patients: a tissue Doppler study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of dipper and non-dipper blood pressure patterns on left ventricular diastolic filling parameters in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five hypertensive patients (37 women, 18 men; mean age 55+/-10 years) were evaluated with echocardiography and ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. All the patients received antihypertensive drug therapy for at least three months prior to the evaluations. Tissue Doppler-derived systolic and diastolic parameters were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dipper and nondipper blood pressure patterns were found in 22 patients (40%) and 33 patients (60%), respectively. Both groups had similar left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters. Dipper patients had significantly lower values for left atrial diameter (p<0.0001), interventricular septum (p=0.001) and posterior wall (p=0.012) thickness, left ventricular mass (p=0.017) and mass index (p=0.021). Both groups had similar mitral E and A waves, E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and tissue Doppler-derived A' wave. Dipper patients had a significantly lower E/E' ratio (10.8+/-3.4 vs. 14.1+/-3.6; p=0.002) and significantly higher systolic (S') (p=0.05) and early diastolic (E') (p=0.027) tissue velocities. Based on the E/E' ratios being <15 or = or >15, the frequency of dipper hypertension was significantly higher in patients with E/E' <15 (48.8% vs. 9.1%; p=0.019). The frequency of dippers was also higher among patients having an E/E' ratio of <8, compared to those having an E/E' ratio of = or >8 to <15 (90% vs. 35.3%; p=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nondipper blood pressure pattern may be associated with increased left ventricular mass, impaired left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and higher left ventricular filling pressures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tigen
authors.forename: Tansu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaahmet
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fotbolcu
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gürel
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.forename: Cetin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geçmen
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bitigen
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Yelda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Başaran
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents