title: Overgrowth conditions: a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum.
abstract: Over the past five decades, one of the major problems in the treatment of overgrowth syndromes of the hand has been classification. Currently, a number of specific conditions with known natural histories have been delineated and reviewed. Treatment is highly individualized. Amputation is still recommended for grotesque deformities of the upper limb. Early aggressive surgery, when indicated, will improve contour, function, and appearance. Specific therapeutic techniques include radical debulking, microvascular neurolysis, vascular reconstruction, epiphysiodesis, and, in some cases, thumb or digit replacement. Long-term outcomes remain in the good-to-fair range and are dependent upon the condition, reconstructive techniques employed, age of patient, and the severity of deformity.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taghinia
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upton
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004687:Enchondromatosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006225:Hand / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006226:Hand Deformities / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007715:Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008068:Lipomatosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D017253:Neurofibromatoses / Q000150:complications; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D016715:Proteus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013577:Syndrome; D014034:Toes / Q000637:transplantation; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery