title: Reversible post-traumatic bilateral extensive restricted diffusion of the brain. A case study and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To increase the knowledge about diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reporting the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings observed in a patient with reversible extensive restricted diffusion of the brain at diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-year-old patient was admitted after high-energy closed TBI. Glasgow Coma Scale score was 4. Head computed tomography showed small left frontal and temporal haemorrhagic contusions and a small haemorrhage in the left thalamus. Ten days later, brain MRI showed diffuse high-signal intensity on T2-weighted images and DWI and restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter of both centri semiovali, genu and splenium of corpus callosum and parietal cortex bilaterally (mean ADC value = 0.434-0.811 x 10(-3) mm(2) s(-1)). Eleven days later, follow-up brain MRI showed gliotic changes in the left splenium of corpus callosum, a clearcut decrease of T2-weighted high-signal intensity and resolution of abnormalities at DWI and ADC maps in all other involved sites. This was confirmed 36 days later. Three months later, the patient did not show neurological, cognitive or neuropsychiatric deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the patient reported herein, closed TBI most likely induced diffuse excitotoxic injury of the brain which resulted in mainly reversible cytotoxic or intramyelinic oedema.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Gaetano Rummo, Via dell'Angelo 1, Benevento, Italy. cfmuccio@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Carmine Franco
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Muccio
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Elvio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Blasio
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vittori
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerase
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology