title: Urinary trypsin inhibitor protects against liver injury and coagulation pathway dysregulation induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine in mice.
abstract: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been widely used for patients with inflammatory disorders including disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and pancreatitis in Japan. Our recent studies using UTI-null (-/-) mice have shown that UTI protects against systemic inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. However, the role of UTI in liver injury has not been elucidated. This study determined the contribution of UTI to liver injury and coagulatory disturbance induced by lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) using UTI (-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. LPS/D-GalN treatment caused severe liver injury characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, hemorrhagic change, necrosis, and apoptosis, which was more prominent in UTI (-/-) than in WT mice. In both genotypes of mice, LPS/D-GalN challenge caused elevations of aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase, prolongation of the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and decreases in fibrinogen and platelet counts, as compared with vehicle challenge. These changes, however, were significantly greater in UTI (-/-) than in WT mice. Circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (P<0.05) and interferon (IFN)-gamma were also greater in UTI (-/-) than in WT mice after LPS/D-GalN challenge. These results suggest that UTI protects against severe liver injury and subsequent coagulatory disturbance induced by LPS/D-GalN, which was mediated, at least partly, through the suppression of TNF-alpha production along with its antiprotease activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005688:Galactosamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C028665:urinastatin