title: Oxygen for treatment of severe pneumonia in The Gambia, West Africa: a situational analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Health facilities in The Gambia, West Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Oxygen treatment is vital in pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children globally. There are shortages of oxygen in developing countries, but little information is available on the extent of the problem. We assessed national oxygen availability and use in The Gambia, a sub-Saharan African country.
  
  
  METHODS
  A government-led team visited 12 health facilities in The Gambia. A modified World Health Organization assessment tool was used to determine oxygen requirements, current provision and capacity to support effective oxygen use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of the 12 facilities managed severe pneumonia. Oxygen was reliable in three facilities. Requirement and supply were often mismatched. Both oxygen concentrators and oxygen cylinders were used. Suboptimal electricity and maintenance made using concentrators difficult, while logistical problems and cost hampered cylinder use. Children were usually triaged by trained nurses who reported lack of training in oxygen use. Oxygen was given typically by nasal prongs; pulse oximetry was available in two facilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  National data showed that oxygen availability did not meet needs in most Gambian health facilities. Remedial options must be carefully assessed for real costs, reliability and site-by-site usability. Training is needed to support oxygen use and equipment maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Njie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanneh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jallow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Njie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adegbola
authors.forename: S R C
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Howie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005714:Gambia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen