title: Actual therapeutic efficacy of pre-transplant treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on survival after salvage living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exact efficacy of pre-liver transplant (LT) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the impact on survival after LT remain controversial in regard to salvage LT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 79 patients transplanted in Nagasaki University Hospital between August 1997 and December 2007, 29 patients (36.7%) were indicated for HCC based on the Milan criteria using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Pre-LT therapy other than liver resection had been performed in 18 cases (62.1%) for 24 lesions. Treated lesions were analyzed histologically using thin slices of the whole explanted liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-LT therapy included transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for 10 lesions, percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) + TACE for 1 lesion, PEI in 6 lesions and ablation therapy in 7 lesions. Under preoperative imaging study, 19 lesions (79.1%) were "thought-to-be" necrotic by pre-LT therapy. However, histologically, viable HCCs were still observed in 9 lesions (9/19 47%). A median interval between the first pre-therapy and LT was 22 months, while last pre-LT therapy and LT was 11 months. No sarcomatous HCC or forced portal venous tumor thrombus was found in all cases with residual lesions. One peritoneal recurrence has occurred after LT, in whom PEI and RFA had been performed before LDLT. The disease free survival after LDLT was comparable to that of cases without pre-LT therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Half of the preoperatively "thought-to-be" necrotic lesions still contained viable HCC cells after the pre-LT treatment. Overall, the history of pre-LT therapy does not preclude or interfere with subsequent LT, although percutaneous treatment may spread disseminated tumor cell growth under immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. sueguchi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inokuma
authors.forename: Mitsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takatsuki
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okudaira
authors.forename: Kosho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Hisamitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaaki
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D016879:Salvage Therapy
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol