title: Circulating biomarkers for vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: In recent years, there has been significant progress in the clinical development and application of antiangiogenic therapies in renal cell carcinomas, particularly inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Despite this progress, no validated methods are currently available for identifying which patients are most likely to respond to treatment or experience toxic effects, selecting the optimal dose, or determining whether the intended molecular target has been effectively inhibited. However, recent studies have suggested that some of the biomarkers currently under investigation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma for VEGF pathway inhibitors are promising. These biomarkers include circulating proangiogenic factors and receptors; markers of hypoxia and endothelial damage; and cellular populations in peripheral blood, such as circulating endothelial cells. Further preclinical and translational validation studies are still needed to determine their practical utility in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1374, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. azurita@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Amado J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zurita
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jonasch
authors.forename: Hua-Kang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hai T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Heymach
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A