title: Dynamic infrared thermography of the nasal vestibules: a new method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The surface temperature distribution within the nasal vestibule and the nasal cavity strongly depends on the exact intranasal detection site and point of time during the respiratory cycle. Therefore, conventional temperature measurements e.g. with thermocouples only provide selective measurements. The use of infrared thermography cameras could present a new contactless method with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of infrared thermography camera systems for measurements of the nasal surface temperature during respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface temperature profiles within the nasal vestibules of healthy volunteers were recorded with infrared thermography cameras during several breathing cycles. Two different types of infrared thermography standard systems were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recordings allowed a display of temperature alterations within the nasal vestibules in a high spatiotemporal resolution synchronous to the breathing cycle. During inspiration, the vestibular surface cooled down presenting a non-homogenous distribution (range, 24.7 to 30.2 degrees C). During expiration, the vestibular surface was warmed again with a non-homogenous distribution (range, 33.1 to 36.2 degrees C). The results of both camera systems were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrared thermography cameras allow the exact mapping of nasal surface temperature within the nasal vestibules with a high spatiotemporal resolution without surface contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. konrad.kastl@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Konrad G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kastl
authors.forename: Kerstin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wiesmiller
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*