title: The effect of nebivolol treatment on oxidative stress  and antioxidant status in patients with cardiac  syndrome-X.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free radical-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several disorders. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of treatment with nebivolol on the metabolic state of oxidative stress, and antioxidant status markers in patients with cardiac syndrome-X (CSX), additionally, to compare with the effect of metoprolol treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, 17 female and 13 male, with CSX were enrolled in the study. Nebivolol (5 mg/day) or metoprolol (50 mg/day) was administrated for 12 weeks. Twelve hour fasting blood samples, taken at the initiation and on the third month of therapy, were analyzed for the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite+nitrate (NOx), and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD). No patient presented additional risk factors for increased reactive oxygen species levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with sixteen control participants, patients with CSX had significantly higher activity of MPO and levels of MDA, but significantly lower SOD activity and levels of NOx before treatment. After treatment, MPO activity and MDA levels were significantly reduced; SOD activity and NOx levels were significantly increased with nebivolol but remained unchanged with metoprolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that patients with CSX who taken nebivolol have lower serum MPO activity, levels of MDA and higher serum SOD activity, NOx levels when compared with metoprolol treatment. Exercise stress test parameters were also ameliorated in patients who had taken nebivolol in contrast to metoprolol. Nebivolol treatment may be a novel treatment strategy in cases with CSX in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tunceli Government Hospital, Tunceli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Husamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdamar
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tavil
authors.forename: Huseyin Ugur
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turfan
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poyraz
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.forename: Hizir
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuyan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemri
authors.forename: Atiye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cengel
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000068577:Nebivolol; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D015415:Biomarkers; D004983:Ethanolamines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D000068577:Nebivolol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D008790:Metoprolol