title: Magnetofluidization of fine magnetite powder.
abstract: The behavior of a fluidized bed of fine magnetite particles as affected by a cross-flow magnetic field is investigated. A distinct feature of this naturally cohesive powder, as compared to noncohesive magnetic grains usually employed in magnetofluidized beds, is that the fluidized bed displays a range of stable fluidization even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Upon application of the magnetic field, the interval of stable fluidization is extended to higher gas velocities and bed expansion is enhanced. We have measured the tensile strength as affected by application of the external magnetic field according to two different operation modes. In the H off-on operation mode, the bed is driven to bubbling in the absence of external magnetic field. Once the gas velocity is decreased below the bubbling onset and the bed has returned to stable fluidization due to natural cohesive forces, the field is applied. In the H on-on mode, the field is maintained during the whole process of bubbling and return to stable fluidization. It is found that the tensile strength of the naturally stabilized bed is not essentially changed by application of the field ( H off-on) since the magnetic field cannot alter the bed structure once the particles are jammed in the stable fluidization state. Magnetic forces within the bulk of the jammed bed are partially canceled as a result of the anisotropic nature of the dipole-dipole interaction between the particles, which gives rise to just a small increment of the tensile strength. On the other hand, when the field is held on during bubbling and transition to stable fluidization ( H on-on mode), the tensile strength is appreciably increased. This suggests the formation of particle chains when the particles are not constrained due to the dipole-dipole attractive interaction which affects the mechanical strength of the stably fluidized bed. Experimental data are analyzed in the light of theoretical models on magnetic surface stresses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism, University of Seville, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Espin
authors.forename: M A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quintanilla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellanos