Thioredoxin 1 delivery as new therapeutics.
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a redox-active small protein ubiquitously present in human body. It is one of the defensive proteins induced in response to various stress conditions. In addition to its anti-oxidative effect by dithiol-disulfide exchange in its active site, Trx 1 has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Trx 1 overexpression has been shown to be effective in a wide variety of animal models for oxidative and inflammatory disorders. An administration of recombinant Trx 1 protein is also effective in animal models especially for severe acute lung diseases where Trx 1 is likely to act with its anti-inflammatory properties. Trx 1 in circulation shows anti-chemotactic effects for neutrophils and inhibitory effects against macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Neovascularization is also suppressed by Trx 1 via inhibition of the complement activation. Here we discuss precise mechanisms of Trx 1 and potential therapeutic approach of this molecule.
Nakamura
Hajime
H
Department of Preventive Medicine, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan. hj-nakamura@kitano-hp.or.jp
Hoshino
Yuma
Y
Okuyama
Hiroaki
H
Matsuo
Yoshiyuki
Y
Yodoi
Junji
J
D000818:Animals; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D013879:Thioredoxins