title: A prospective pilot study of levetiracetam for body dysmorphic disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an often severe disorder, but few treatment studies have been conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study explored the efficacy and safety of the antiepileptic medication levetiracetam for BDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition BDD participated in a 12-week open-label levetiracetam trial. Subjects were assessed at regular intervals with standard measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intent-to-treat analyses, scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS), the primary outcome measure, decreased from 32.5+/-4.7 at baseline to 21.5+/-11.0 at endpoint (P<.001). Approximately 60% (n=9) of subjects were responders (>30% decrease on the BDD-YBOCS). The mean time to response was 4.6+/-2.8 (range: 2-10) weeks. Scores also significantly improved on the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Scores did not significantly improve on the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, or the Social Phobia Inventory. The mean endpoint dose of levetiracetam was 2,044.1+/-1,065.2 (range: 250-3,000) mg/day, and it was relatively well-tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies of levetiracetam for BDD are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
authors.affiliation: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. Katharine_Phillips@brown.edu
authors.forename: Katharine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Menard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam