title: IL-4 receptor as a bridge between the immune system and muscle in experimental myasthenia gravis I: up-regulation of muscle IL-15 by IL-4.
abstract: The study reported below describes increased expression of IL-4 receptor in cultured rat myocytes following exposure to an antibody reactive with the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). In addition, upon up-regulation of IL-4R, myocytes demonstrated an increased responsiveness to IL-4 by producing increased levels of IL-15. Moreover, following passive transfer of AChR antibody into Lewis rats, both the increased IL-4R expression and IL-15 production were also observed in intact skeletal muscle, co-localizing in particular individual muscle fibers; the same muscle fibers also produced the chemokine MCP-1 to which IL-4-producing T cells were attracted. A model is proposed in which these muscle activities participate in disease progression in experimental myasthenia gravis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shandley
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krolick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020720:Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000276:immunology; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019409:Interleukin-15; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4