title: In vitro and in vivo suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma growth by midkine-antisense oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To synthesize antisense oligonucleotides (ASODNs) of midkine (MK), package the ASODNs with nanoparticles, and to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth using these nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  HepG2 cell proliferation was analyzed in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium, inner salt assay. The in vivo activity of nanoparticles delivering the MK-ASODNs was analyzed by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by the nanoparticles packaged with MK-ASODNs (NANO-ASODNs). Furthermore, the NANO-ASODNs significantly inhibited the growth of HCC in the mouse model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NANO-ASODNs can significantly suppress the growth of HCC in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. dlc@hzhospital.com
authors.forename: Li-Cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Qiong
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Lin-Fu
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Shui-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ping
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D000078792:Midkine; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D000078792:Midkine