title: Past environmental sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: a role for the Cdx-2 Vitamin D receptor variant in this interaction.
abstract: Multiple studies have provided evidence for an association between reduced sun exposure and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), an association likely to be mediated, at least in part, by the vitamin D hormonal pathway. Herein, we examine whether the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an integral component of this pathway, influences MS risk in a population-based sample where winter sun exposure in early childhood has been found to be an important determinant of MS risk. Three polymorphisms within the VDR gene were genotyped in 136 MS cases and 235 controls, and associations with MS and past sun exposure were examined by logistic regression. No significant univariate associations between the polymorphisms, rs11574010 (Cdx-2A > G), rs10735810 (Fok1T > C), or rs731236 (Taq1C > T) and MS risk were observed. However, a significant interaction was observed between winter sun exposure during childhood, genotype at rs11574010, and MS risk (P = 0.012), with the 'G' allele conferring an increased risk of MS in the low sun exposure group (</=2 h/day). No significant interactions were observed for either rs10735810 or rs731236, after stratification by sun exposure. These data provide support for the involvement of the VDR gene in determining MS risk, an interaction likely to be dependent on past sun exposure.
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Jo.Dickinson@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Mei
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ponsonby
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Polanowski
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stankovich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dwyer
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012621:Seasons; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol