Biogenesis of beta-barrel membrane proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes: evolutionary conservation and divergence.
Membrane-embedded beta-barrel proteins span the membrane via multiple amphipathic beta-strands arranged in a cylindrical shape. These proteins are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This situation is thought to reflect the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts. beta-barrel proteins fulfil a variety of functions; among them are pore-forming proteins that allow the flux of metabolites across the membrane by passive diffusion, active transporters of siderophores, enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins that mediate protein translocation across or insertion into membranes. The biogenesis process of these proteins combines evolutionary conservation of the central elements with some noticeable differences in signals and machineries. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the functions and biogenesis of this special family of proteins.
Walther
Dirk M
DM
Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Rapaport
Doron
D
Tommassen
Jan
J
D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes