title: Oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS in China: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to review the Chinese-language medical and dental literature from 1982 to 2008 on oral manifestations (OMs) of patients with HIV/AIDS for introducing the spectrum of OMs of the patients in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were extracted from 18 references which had used diagnostic criteria for HIV/AIDS. Four of the references had used the EC-Clearinghouse classification for oral lesions in HIV infection. The feasible overall rate and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the data on OMs were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk group analysis revealed that, of 203 patients, 64.3% were men and 35.7% were women (age range, 5 months to 64 years; mean age in three studies, 34.0, 34.3, and 36.1 years). Of these patients, 22.2% were infected by sexual contacts, 11.8% by intravenous drug use (IDU), 59.6% by blood or its products, 2.9% by mother to child transmission, and 3.4% were unclear. In 203 patients, oral candidiasis (OC) was the most common lesion (66%, 95%CI = 59.48-72.52%), followed by herpes simplex (HS) (22.2%, 95%CI = 16.48-27.92%), ulcerative stomatitis (14.8%, 95%CI = 9.92-19.68%), salivary gland disease (11.3%, 95%CI = 6.94-15.66%), oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) (9.8%, 95%CI = 5.71-13.89%), necrotizing gingivitis (5.9%, 95%CI = 2.66-9.14%), Kaposi's sarcoma (2.9%, 95%CI = 0.59-5.21%), other malignant tumors (2.9%, 95%CI = 0.59-5.21%), and linear gingival erythema (2.0%, 95%CI = 0.07-3.93%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spectrum of OMs reported from China is similar to that described in the international literature. Present data are useful to supplement international resources of HIV/AIDS research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Zhongguancun Nandajie 22, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. xlz45@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005892:Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000453:epidemiology; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology; D013283:Stomatitis, Herpetic / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult