title: Non-drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Several drugs and other compounds can induce acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity. The goal of this study was to review clinical features of nephrotoxicity induced by 'atypical' or 'unconventional' agents, such as environmental agents (metals, minerals, animals), food agents (mushrooms, aristolochic acid, medicinal traditional herbals, dietary supplements, melamine), drugs, and other products (ethylene glycol). Nephrotoxicity varies according to local background, dependent on different food and cultural customs, as well as to differences in local fauna and flora. The incidence of such a phenomenon is not well known. Many different pathophysiological pathways are involved, and the spectrum of renal lesions is rather wide. 'Epidemic nephrotoxicity' may occur, as recently illustrated by the melamine epidemics in Chinese infants receiving powdered milk formulas; a rapid reaction to unusual increased frequency of acute kidney injury and nephrolithiasis in young children has led to a rapid analysis from international experts, with subsequent recommendations for diagnosis and care. Nephrotoxicity should be considered when there is any unexplained renal impairment, especially in children.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Service de Néphrologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacchetta
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubourg
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juillard
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cochat
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000009:adverse effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological; D014227:Triazines; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; C011907:melamine