title: Development of osteoarthritic features in estrogen receptor knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogens are suggested to play a role in the development of osteoarthritis as indicated by the increased prevalence in women after menopause. We studied whether deletion of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, beta, or both in female mice results in cartilage damage, osteophytosis, and changes in subchondral bone of skeletally mature animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied knee joints of 6-month-old female ERalpha-/-, ERbeta-/-, and (double) ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice and their wild type (wt) littermates. The presence and size of osteophytes and osteoarthritic changes in cartilage were analyzed using histology. Changes in subchondral plate and trabecular bone were studied using micro-CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice, we observed an increase in number and/or size of osteophytes and thinning of the lateral subchondral plate. However, cartilage damage was not different from wt. In ERalpha-/- or ERbeta-/- mice, no significant differences in cartilage damage score, osteophyte formation, or subchondral plate thickness were found. The bone volume fraction of the epiphyseal trabecular bone was unchanged in ERalpha-/- mice, increased in ERbeta-/- mice, and decreased in ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that deletion of both ERs leads to increased osteophytosis, but deletion of one or both ERs does not lead to overt cartilage damage in 6-month-old mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sniekers
authors.forename: G J V M
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.forename: A G H
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ederveen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inzunza
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: J P T M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weinans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen