title: Treatment of acute grade III acromioclavicular dislocation: a lack of evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although nonoperative treatment is considered the standard of care for the treatment of grade I and II acromioclavicular joint injuries, the treatment of grade III injuries is controversial. There are as many methods of nonoperative treatment as there are for operative stabilization. That is why we conducted a literature research to find out the best evidence regarding the treatment of acute grade III acromioclavicular dislocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was limited to RCTs, systematic review and meta-analysis in the most representative databases. Even if research identifies more than 600 articles, only five were included in the study because there were RCTs, and systematic reviews, but no meta-analysis articles were found. Moreover, no meta-analysis was performed because of differences of data published in the three RCTs (different type of surgical treatments and different outcome measures).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the literature evaluation, clinical results seem to be comparable between the operative and the conservative treatments, but complications are more evident in the surgery group. Since there is not a preponderance of positive papers showing the benefits of a surgical technique over conservative therapy, the nonoperative treatment is still considered a valid procedure in the grade III acromioclavicular separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More prospective randomized studies using validated outcome measures are needed to identify the suitable operation techniques for the acute injuries.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedics Department, S. Giacomo Hospital, Via E. Gianturco 4, 00196 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ceccarelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bondì
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alviti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miulli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padua