title: Therapy for acute heart failure syndromes.
abstract: The pharmacologic management of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) has changed little over the past 15 years. Traditional therapies, such as nitrates and loop diuretics, remain the mainstay of therapy, with inotropes reserved for patients who present in shock or an advanced low-output state. We review the use of these therapies in AHFS with added insights from recent clinical trials and registry data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 259 East Erie Street, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donlan
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quattromani
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gheorghiade
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D009599:Nitroprusside; D004280:Dobutamine; D004077:Digoxin; D009020:Morphine; D020105:Milrinone