title: Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the conflicting evidence on substance use and misuse following mass traumas such as terrorist incidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed and synthesized evidence from 31 population-based studies using Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the studied were conducted in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Controlling for exposure, type of incident and time since the event occurred, 7.3% [95% credible interval (CrI) 1.1-32.5%] of a population can be expected to report increased alcohol consumption in the first 2 years following a terrorist event. There is, however, a 20% probability that the prevalence will be as high as 14%. The unadjusted prevalence of increased cigarette smoking following a terrorist event is 6.8% (95% Cr I 2.6-16.5%). Unadjusted reports of mixed drug use (including narcotics and prescription medications) was 16.3% (95% Cr I 1.3-72.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underscore the potentially pervasive behavioral health effects of mass terrorism, and suggest that public health interventions may usefully consider substance use as an area of focus after such events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA. cjd11@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiMaggio
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*