title: Daunorubicin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles of Fe(3)O(4) greatly enhance the responses of multidrug-resistant K562 leukemic cells in a nude mouse xenograft model to chemotherapy.
abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) plays a major role in the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Since Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with daunorubicin (DNR) can overcome multidrug-resistance of K562 cells in vitro, the effect of Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with DNR on multidrug-resistant K562 cells was studied in vivo, the K562-n and its MDR counterpart K562-n/VCR cells were inoculated subcutaneously into both sides of the back of nude mice to establish a human leukemia xenograft model. The mice were randomly divided into group A receiving normal saline, group B receiving DNR, group C receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle, group D receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with DNR and group E receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle containing DNR with a magnetic field built on the surface of the tumor tissue. The tumor volume was measured on the day 1, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21 after the first treatment. Tumor tissues were isolated for examination of the expression of mdr-1 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results showed that for K562-n/VCR tumor, the tumor volume was markedly lower in groups D and E than that in groups A, B and C. Pathological observation revealed that the tumor cells of group A and B grew well, some disseminated necrosis and some cells with karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis existed in group C. However, significant fracture, necrosis of cell and subsequently fibrosis were seen in group D and E. The transcription of mdr-1 gene in groups D and E was significantly lower than that in groups A, B and C (group D and E vs group A, B or C, p < 0.05). However, there were no differences about the protein expression of P-gp between these groups. The tumor volume of K562-n in groups C, D and E was markedly lower than that in groups A and B (group C, D and E vs group A or B, p < 0.05). Pathological observation showed that the tumor cell of group A and B grew well, and no obvious necrosis was observed. Significant fracture, necrosis of cell and subsequently fibrosis were seen in group C, D and E. It is concluded that DNR-loaded Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles can suppress the growth of the MDR K562-n/VCR tumor in vivo, but can not further enhance its efficacy on the sensitive K562-n tumor as compared to DNR alone. The additional external magnetic field failed to further improve the antitumor effect in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Bin-Bin
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Bao-An
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jia-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xin-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Guo-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Ji
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Mao
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D003630:Daunorubicin