title: Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: effects on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in gastrostomy-fed infant rats.
abstract: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a probiotics, ameliorates intestinal and other organ inflammation in infant rats. The hypothesis is that live and heat-killed LGG have similar effects on decreasing the inflammatory response induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the infant rat. Using a gastrostomy-fed rat model, 7-d-old rat pups were gastrostomy fed with or without live LGG (10(8) or 10(12) cfu x L(-1) x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 d. In a separate experiment, LPS was administered to rat pups with or without live or heat-killed LGG (10(8) cfu x L(-1) x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Cytokine/chemokine proteins were determined by ELISA or multiplex assay. Both live and heat-killed LGG decreased LPS-induced cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) production in liver and plasma (p < 0.05) and also showed a trend (p = 0.09) in lungs. Live and heat-killed LGG ameliorated LPS-suppressed IL-10 level in lungs (p < 0.05). Both forms of LGG decreased IL-1b production in liver. There was no difference between low and high doses of live LGG in the production of CINC-1, TNF-alpha, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). There was a trend of increase of claudin-1 in both live and heat-killed groups (p = 0.08). In conclusion, both live and heat-killed LGG provided by the enteral route decrease LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators and increase anti-inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W Michael
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douglas-escobar
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D062445:Claudin-1; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D062793:Occludin; D019936:Probiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: C568108:CLDN1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines; D062445:Claudin-1; C568114:Cldn1 protein, rat; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D016207:Cytokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; C568987:Ocln protein, rat