title: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli prevents indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats: role of non-protein sulfhydryl groups and leukocyte adherence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) and leukocyte adhesion in the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli against indomethacin-induced gastropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: saline, LPS, saline + indomethacin and LPS + indomethacin, with six rats in each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pretreated with LPS (300 microg/kg, by intravenous) or saline. After 6 h, indomethacin was administered (20 mg/kg, by gavage).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hours after treatments, rats were killed. Macroscopic gastric damage, gastric NP-SH concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and mesenteric leukocyte adhesion (intravital microscopy) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Newman-Keuls test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS reduced the gastric damage, gastric MPO activity and increased gastric NP-SH concentration in indomethacin-induced gastropathy. LPS alone increased gastric NP-SH when compared to saline. Indomethacin increased leukocyte adhesion when compared to the saline, and LPS reduced indomethacin-induced leukocyte adhesion. In addition, LPS alone did not change leukocyte adhesion, when compared to the saline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPS protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastropathy is mediated by an increase in the NP-SH and a decrease in leukocyte-endothelial adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antoniella Souza
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Henrique Paula
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Jand Venes Rolim
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Fernando Queiroz
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D007213:Indomethacin