title: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta and interleukin-8 associated with idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytokines associated with idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (ISSNS) have not been identified definitively, because previous studies had variable sampling and population heterogeneity. To clarify the cytokines involved, serum cytokine levels were measured using uniform sampling in a homogeneous population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five children meeting the following criteria were included: (i) ISSNS; (ii) selectivity index <0.1; (iii) paired sera obtained in the nephrotic phase before steroid treatment (STx; group A) and in the remission phase under STx (group B); (iv) no infection; and (v) no immunosuppressant. Control groups were as follows: group C, four children with ISSNS in the remission phase without STx; group D, five with normal urinalysis; group E, five with symptomatic secondary nephrotic syndrome before STx. Cytokine levels were measured using bead-based assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) levels were higher in group B compared to group A, and group C was lower than groups A and B. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were higher in group A than in groups B and C, and groups B and C did not differ. With regard to both cytokine levels, there were no differences between groups C and D, and groups A and E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum MIP-1beta and IL-8 are associated with the clinical status of ISSNS in children. A relationship between MIP-1beta and ISSNS has not been previously reported. The mechanism by which MIP-1beta and IL-8 affect ISSNS is unclear. Nevertheless, the present findings are an interesting starting point for further investigations into the pathophysiology of ISSNS in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Mariko Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Momoi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016209:Interleukin-8