title: Assessment of optical coherence tomography imaging in the diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and benign lesions versus normal skin: observer-blinded evaluation by dermatologists and pathologists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technique that may be useful in diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe OCT features in NMSC such as actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and in benign lesions and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of OCT in differentiating NMSC from benign lesions and normal skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  OCT and polarization-sensitive (PS) OCT from 104 patients were studied. Observer-blinded evaluation of OCT images from 64 BCCs, 1 baso-squamous carcinoma, 39 AKs, two malignant melanomas, nine benign lesions, and 105 OCT images from perilesional skin was performed; 50 OCT images of NMSC and 50 PS-OCT images of normal skin were evaluated twice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity was 79% to 94% and specificity 85% to 96% in differentiating normal skin from lesions. Important features were absence of well-defined layering in OCT and PS-OCT images and dark lobules in BCC. Discrimination of AK from BCC had an error rate of 50% to 52%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCT features in NMSC are identified, but AK and BCC cannot be differentiated. OCT diagnosis is less accurate than clinical diagnosis, but high accuracy in distinguishing lesions from normal skin, crucial for delineating tumor borders, was obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark. mmg@regionsjaelland.dk
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Thomas Martini
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Joergensen
authors.forename: Birgit Meincke
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nürnberg
authors.forename: Hanan Ahmad
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Morsy
authors.forename: Jakob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thrane
authors.forename: Gregor B E
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jemec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*