title: Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the selective alpha estrogen receptor agonist propyl pyrazole triol in rat aortic smooth muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the signalling mechanism of the relaxant responses to the estrogen receptor (ERalpha) agonist PPT (propyl pyrazole triol) in endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several compounds, including protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitors and potassium channel inhibitors, were tested against PPT-dependent rat aortic relaxation. Cyclic GMP and cytosolic calcium responses to PPT in isolated aortic smooth muscle were investigated in parallel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPT vasorelaxation was largely reduced by the selective ERalpha antagonist methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP; -91.6+/-2.5%), by the selective PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cGMP (-78.6+/-4.9%), by the specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one; -85.3+/-5.2%) and to a lesser extent by the selective BKCa (large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel) inhibitor iberiotoxin (-59.3%), the selective IKCa (intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel) inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole; -50.7%) and the voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (-40.8%). In isolated aortic smooth muscle, PPT strongly enhanced the cyclic GMP content (+144%) and Rp-8-Br-cGMP largely reduced the PPT-dependent calcium signal (-80.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERalpha receptor stimulation in rat aortic smooth muscle evokes a PKG-signalling pathway, likely triggering relaxation by BKCa and IKCa channel opening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: José O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.forename: Marta S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pereboom
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gros
authors.forename: Ricardo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Garay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D010636:Phenols; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011720:Pyrazoles; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C486184:4,4',4''-(4-propyl-((1)H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris-phenol; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP