Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among HIV patients in Bangalore, India.
BACKGROUND
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has an estimated prevalence of 0.9% in India (5.2 million). Anti-retroviral drugs (ARV) are the treatments of choice and non-adherence is an important factor in treatment failure and development of resistance, as well as being a powerful predictor of survival. This study assesses adherence to ARV in HIV positive patients in Bangalore, India, a country where only 10% of those who need therapy are receiving it.


METHODS
A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire survey of 60 HIV antibody positive patients was carried out with patients attending HIV outpatient services at two centres: The Chest and Maternity Centre, Rajajinagar, and Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute, Bangalore. Consent was obtained. Translation was done by a translator and doctors where required. Data was analysed using SPSS statistical analysis.


RESULTS
A response rate of 88% (53/60) was achieved. The mean patient age was 39.98 years, with 50% aged 30-40, and 73.6% of participants being male. Mean family size was 4.8 (1-13). 21% lived less than 50 kms and 21% greater than 400 kms from clinic.60% reported they were fully adherent. Adherence was statistically significantly linked to regular follow-up attendance (70.5%, p = 0.002). No other results were statistically significant but trends were found. "100% adherence" trends were seen in older patients, male gender, those from larger families, those who had a previous AIDS defining illness, those taking fewer tablets, and without food restrictions. Commonest side-effects causing non-adherence were metabolic reasons (66%) and GI symptoms (50%). No trends were seen for education level, family income, distance travelled to clinic, time since diagnosis, or time on ART.


CONCLUSIONS
Regular attendance for follow up was statistically significant for 100% lifetime adherence. Positive trends were seen in those in larger families, older, those who had AIDS defining illness, simple regimes, and without side-effects. Education, income, distance travelled and length of time diagnosed or treated had no effect on adherence.
Cauldbeck
Mary B
MB
The School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. m.cauldbeck@nhs.net
O'Connor
Catherine
C
O'Connor
Mortimer B
MB
Saunders
Jean A
JA
Rao
Bhimasena
B
Mallesh
V G
VG
Praveen Kumar
Nagendrappa Kotehalappa
NK
Mamtha
Gurushanthappa
G
McGoldrick
Claire
C
Laing
Robert Bs
RB
Satish
Kadappa Shivappa
KS