title: Family relationships in childhood and common psychiatric disorders in later life: systematic review of prospective studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most evidence for associations between childhood adversity and adult mental illness is retrospective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospective evidence of associations between poor parent-child relationships and common psychiatric disorders in later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of studies published between 1970 and 2008 including: (a) more than 100 participants; (b) measures of relationships in the home during childhood; (c) at least 10 years between assessment of exposures; and (d) measures of anxiety, depression, suicide, suicidal ideation or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Analysis was by narrative synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three papers were identified reporting data from 16 cohorts. Abusive relationships predicted depression, anxiety and PTSD. Maternal emotional unavailability in early life predicted suicide attempts in adolescence. Results of studies investigating less severe relationship problems were suggestive but not conclusive of causal association, due partly to methodological heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the prevalence and disabling nature of common psychiatric problems, these studies highlight the need to minimise harm associated with dysfunctional parent-child relationships.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Medical School Building, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. s.weich@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weich
authors.forename: Jacoby
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart-Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult