Neoadjuvant vaccination provides superior protection against tumor relapse following surgery compared with adjuvant vaccination.
Tumors that recur following surgical resection of melanoma are typically metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Using the murine B16F10 melanoma and a robust antimelanoma vaccine, we evaluated immunization as a tool to improve tumor-free survival following surgery. We investigated the utility of vaccination in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Surprisingly, neoadjuvant vaccination was far superior and provided approximately 100% protection against tumor relapse. Neoadjuvant vaccination was associated with enhanced frequencies of tumor-specific T cells within the tumor and the tumor-draining lymph nodes following resection. We also observed increased infiltration of antigen-specific T cells into the area of surgery. This method should be amenable to any vaccine platform and can be readily extended to the clinic.
Grinshtein
Natalie
N
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Bridle
Byram
B
Wan
Yonghong
Y
Bramson
Jonathan L
JL
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase