title: Learning curve for coronary CT angiography: what constitutes sufficient training?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the effect of experience with coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography on the capability to detect coronary stenoses of 50% or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional review board approved the study protocol. All patients gave consent to undergo CT angiography before conventional coronary angiography after being informed of the additional radiation dose. They also consented to the use of their data for future research. Three radiologists and one cardiologist inexperienced with coronary CT angiography attended this institution's cardiac CT unit for a 1-year fellowship. Fellows were involved in the acquisition and reading of 12-15 coronary CT angiograms per week (about 600 per year). To assess the progression in diagnostic performance, fellows (readers) independently read 50 CT angiographic test cases in patients who also underwent conventional coronary angiography. Cases were repeatedly assigned in random order at baseline and at 4, 8, 26, and 52 weeks. The same cases were examined by two experts in consensus. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated and compared with conventional coronary angiography as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respective reader ranges for sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 33%-72%, 70%-94%, and 3.8-8.1 at baseline; 43%-80%, 71%-88%, and 8.8-15.2 after 6 months; and 66%-75%, 87%-92%, and 14.7-25.8 after 1 year. For expert physicians, respective results were 95%, 93%, and 255.9. Between baseline and 6 months, readers 1-3 showed nonsignificantly improved sensitivities, while specificities remained similar. Reader 4 showed significantly improved specificity, while sensitivity remained similar; all readers nonsignificantly improved DORs. Between baseline and 1 year: readers 1 and 2 significantly improved sensitivity but not specificity; reader 4 significantly improved specificity but not sensitivity; readers 1, 2, and 4 improved DOR significantly; reader 3 nonsignificantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and DOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing experience with coronary CT angiography improved the diagnostic performance of inexperienced physicians. However, acquiring expertise in coronary CT angiography was slow and may take more than 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands. francesca.pugliese@libero.it
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: M G Myriam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hunink
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gruszczynska
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alberghina
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malagó
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Pelt
authors.forename: Nico R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mollet
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cademartiri
authors.forename: Annick C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Weustink
authors.forename: Willem B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Meijboom
authors.forename: Cilia L M
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Pim J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Feyter
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Krestin
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009426:Netherlands; D015588:Observer Variation; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*