title: Phase 1 multicenter dose-escalation study of ezatiostat hydrochloride (TLK199 tablets), a novel glutathione analog prodrug, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
abstract: Phase 1 testing of ezatiostat, a glutathione S-transferase P1-1 inhibitor, for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome was conducted in a multidose-escalation study. Patients received 10 dose levels (200, 400, 1000, 1400, 2000, 2400, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 mg) of ezatiostat tablets in divided doses on days 1 to 7 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles. The safety and pharmacokinetics of ezatiostat were evaluated. Forty-five patients with low to intermediate-2 International Prognostic Scoring System risk myelodysplastic syndrome were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The most common grade 1 or 2, respectively, treatment-related adverse events were nonhematologic: nausea (56%, 9%), diarrhea (36%, 7%), vomiting (24%, 7%), abdominal pain (9%, 0%), constipation (4%, 9%), anorexia (3%, 7%), and dyspepsia (3%, 7%). Concentration of the primary active metabolite, TLK236, increased proportionate to ezatiostat dosage. Seventeen hematologic improvement (HI) responses by International Working Group criteria were observed at dose levels of 200 to 6000 mg/day with 11 HI responses at doses of 4000 to 6000 mg/day. HI responses occurred in all lineages including 3 bilineage and 1 complete cytogenetic response. Decreased number of red blood cell and platelet transfusions and in some cases transfusion independence were attained. Extended dose schedules of ezatiostat tablets are under investigation.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA. araza@aptiumoncology.com
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galili
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lancet
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melchert
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: List
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001711:Biotransformation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; C543099:TLK-236; D013607:Tablets; C096329:gamma-Glu-S-BzCys-PhGly diethyl ester; D005978:Glutathione