title: Prognostic factors for survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: update 2008.
abstract: A variety of prognostic factor models to predict survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have been developed. Diverse populations of patients with variable treatments have been used for these analyses. A variety of clinical, pathologic, and molecular factors have been studied, but current models use predominantly easily obtained clinical factors. These approaches are reviewed, and current approaches to further refine and develop these techniques are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. bukow464@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A