title: Distal revascularisation with interval ligation (DRIL): an experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global increase of chronic renal failure has resulted in a growing number of patients on haemodialysis using arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). By virtue of their very function, AVFs at times shunt blood away from regions distally, resulting in an ischaemic steal syndrome. Distal revascularisation with interval ligation (DRIL) has been described as a procedure to treat symptomatic ischaemic steal. We present our experience in the management of this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with severe ischaemic steal were treated using a DRIL procedure between May 2004 and June 2007. There were three males and three females, all with elbow brachiocephalic AVFs. Symptoms ranged from severe rest pain to digital gangrene. Published results from international studies of 135 DRIL procedures were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular access was maintained along with the elimination of ischaemic symptoms in the six patients using an ipsilateral reversed basilic vein graft. Interval ligation of the distal brachial artery was performed at the same time. All patients showed immediate and sustained clinical improvement of symptoms with a demonstrable increase in digital pulse oximetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRIL is a beneficial treatment option that has proven successful at alleviating ischemic steal symptoms and preserving vascular access. This avoids placement of central lines, its associated risks, and the need to create an alternative sited fistula.
authors.affiliation: The Vascular Unit, University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. melfield@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaipersad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pherwani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*