title: Direct on-line analysis of neutral analytes by dual sweeping via complexation and organic solvent field enhancement in nonionic MEKC.
abstract: Conventionally, neutral compounds cannot be separated by nonionic micelle capillary electrophoresis. In this report, the development of a novel on-line preconcentration technique combining dual sweeping based on complexation and organic solvent field enhancement is applied to the sensitive and selective analysis of three neutral glucosides: ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Re. Nonionic micelle detectability by CE is demonstrated through effective focusing of large sample volumes (up to 38% capillary length) using a dual sweeping mode. This results in a 50- to 130-fold improvement in the LODs relative to conventional injection method. Neutral compounds sweeping is examined in terms of analyte mobility dependence on borate complexation, solvent viscosity difference, and Brij-35 interaction. Enhanced focusing performance by this hyphenated method was demonstrated by a greater than fourfold reduction in glucoside bandwidth, as compared with common sweeping (devoid of organic solvent-mediated sweeping method in the sample matrices). Moreover, separation efficiencies greater than a million theoretical plates can be achieved by sweeping large sample volumes into narrow zones. The designated method was also tested for its ability to determine the presence of glucosides in the crude extracts obtained from plant sample.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-Xu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C515901:Brij 35