title: Quantitation and mapping of tissue optical properties using modulated imaging.
abstract: We describe the development of a rapid, noncontact imaging method, modulated imaging (MI), for quantitative, wide-field characterization of optical absorption and scattering properties of turbid media. MI utilizes principles of frequency-domain sampling and model-based analysis of the spatial modulation transfer function (s-MTF). We present and compare analytic diffusion and probabilistic Monte Carlo models of diffuse reflectance in the spatial frequency domain. Next, we perform MI measurements on tissue-simulating phantoms exhibiting a wide range of l values (0.5 mm to 3 mm) and (micro(s) (')micro(a)) ratios (8 to 500), reporting an overall accuracy of approximately 6% and 3% in absorption and reduced scattering parameters, respectively. Sampling of only two spatial frequencies, achieved with only three camera images, is found to be sufficient for accurate determination of the optical properties. We then perform MI measurements in an in vivo tissue system, demonstrating spatial mapping of the absorption and scattering optical contrast in a human forearm and dynamic measurements of a forearm during venous occlusion. Last, metrics of spatial resolution are assessed through both simulations and measurements of spatially heterogeneous phantoms.
authors.affiliation: Modulated Imaging, Inc., 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, USA. david.cuccia@modulatedimaging.com
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cuccia
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*