title: Differences in the workforce experiences of women and men with arthritis disability: a population health perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the employment status characteristics of people with arthritis disability, with a focus on gender differences and who remains in the workforce.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on cross-sectional, self-reported data of the Canadian Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, administered in 2001-2002 (n = 28,908). Labor force status was categorized into employed, unemployed, and not in the labor force. Prevalence estimates were derived from descriptive analyses, and logistic regression determined the factors associated with being out of the labor force. Chi-square and sex-stratified analyses examined gender differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated 2.3% of the working-age population (ages 25-64 years) reported arthritis disability, and >50% were out of the labor force. Being female, single, older, and having less education and more severe pain and disability were associated with being out of the labor force. Employed women with arthritis disability required more accommodations in the workplace and reported more activity limitations than men. Perceived discrimination was more likely to be reported by employed men, and men reported more changes to their work than women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study underscores the importance of looking more closely at differences in the employment experiences of women and men. Specifically, the results suggest that arthritis may marginalize women and men in different ways. Women may be more likely to leave employment, whereas men may be more likely to remain working and report negative workplace experiences.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. skaptein@uhnres.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Simone A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.forename: Monique A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gignac
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Badley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001168:Arthritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011287:Prejudice; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*