title: Consumption of grape seed extract prevents amyloid-beta deposition and attenuates inflammation in brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse.
abstract: Polyphenols extracted from grape seeds are able to inhibit amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregation, reduce Abeta production and protect against Abeta neurotoxicity in vitro. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of a polyphenol-rich grape seed extract (GSE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. APP(Swe)/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were fed with normal AIN-93G diet (control diet), AIN-93G diet with 0.07% curcumin or diet with 2% GSE beginning at 3 months of age for 9 months. Total phenolic content of GSE was 592.5 mg/g dry weight, including gallic acid (49 mg/g), catechin (41 mg/g), epicatechin (66 mg/g) and proanthocyanidins (436.6 mg catechin equivalents/g). Long-term feeding of GSE diet was well tolerated without fatality, behavioural abnormality, changes in food consumption, body weight or liver function. The Abeta levels in the brain and serum of the mice fed with GSE were reduced by 33% and 44%, respectively, compared with the Alzheimer's mice fed with the control diet. Amyloid plaques and microgliosis in the brain of Alzheimer's mice fed with GSE were also reduced by 49% and 70%, respectively. Curcumin also significantly reduced brain Abeta burden and microglia activation. Conclusively, polyphenol-rich GSE prevents the Abeta deposition and attenuates the inflammation in the brain of a transgenic mouse model, and this thus is promising in delaying development of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Yan-Jiang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Shantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosaraju
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenech
authors.forename: Xin-Fu
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D053764:Presenilin-1; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)