title: Murine norovirus infection has no significant effect on adaptive immunity to vaccinia virus or influenza A virus.
abstract: Murine norovirus (MNV) is endemic in many research mouse colonies. Although MNV infections are typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent mice, the effects of MNV infection on subsequent experimental viral infections are poorly documented. Here, we infected C57BL/6 mice with MNV and then with either vaccinia virus or influenza A virus. MNV infection had no effect on CD8(+) T-cell or antibody responses to secondary viruses or to secondary virus-induced morbidity or mortality. While our findings suggest that MNV has little influence on host immunity in immunocompetent mice, we would urge caution regarding the potential effects of MNV on immune responses to viruses and other pathogens, which must be determined on a system-by-system basis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208921, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: Amelia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Heather D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kastenmayer
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bennink
authors.forename: Herbert W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Virgin
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yewdell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral