title: Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of post-operative mitral annuloplasty ring and prosthetic valve dehiscence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the use of real-time (RT) 3-dimensional (3D) transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the evaluation of post-operative mitral valve dehiscence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mitral valve replacement or repair may be complicated by post-operative dehiscence of the valve or annuloplasty ring resulting in clinically significant mitral regurgitation or hemolysis. Diagnosis is generally performed using 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and TEE. Recently, an RT 3D TEE probe has been developed to produce high-quality real-time images.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used RT 3D TEE to evaluate mitral regurgitation after mitral valve repair or replacement as a result of mitral ring dehiscence. We studied the additional information and diagnostic utility provided by RT 3D TEE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients were studied (8 patients after repair and 10 after replacement). Real-time 3D TEE allowed accurate evaluation of the pathology, including definition of the type of ring or prosthesis used; description of the site, size, shape, and area of the dehisced segment; and clear definition of the origin of the mitral regurgitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mitral valve dehiscence, RT 3D TEE provides additional information about the exact anatomic characteristics of the dehiscence that can be used to help in planning the most appropriate corrective intervention.
authors.affiliation: NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kronzon
authors.forename: Lissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sugeng
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Garcia Fernandez
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure