title: Induction of ILT expression on nonprofessional antigen presenting cells: Clinical applications.
abstract: Achieving tolerance toward solid organ allografts remains challenging. Nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells, mainly endothelial cells, representing the first barrier between the donor organ and the recipient immune system represent a promising platform to induce tolerance towards allografts without compromising the recipient's immune system. Expression of ILT3 and ILT4, two members of the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family, has been demonstrated in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo resulting in modulated endothelium-dependent T-cell activation. We here review mechanisms and effects of ILT3/ILT4 upregulation on endothelial cells and their potential significance in solid organ transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Medizinische Universitaetsklinik III, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gleissner
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dengler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C491341:LILRB2 protein, human; C107907:LILRB4 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic