title: Men develop more intraabdominal obesity and signs of the metabolic syndrome after hyperalimentation than women.
abstract: We prospectively studied the effects of fast food-based hyperalimentation on insulin sensitivity and components of the metabolic syndrome and analyzed this with respect to sex. Twelve nonobese men and 6 nonobese women (26 +/- 6.6 years old), and an age-matched control group were recruited. Subjects in the intervention group aimed for 5% to 15% weight increase by doubling their regular caloric intake based on at least 2 fast food meals a day while also adopting a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks (<5000 steps a day). Weight of subjects in the intervention group increased from 67.6 +/- 9.1 to 74.0 +/- 11 kg (P < .001), with no sex difference with regard to this or with respect to changes of total abdominal fat volumes or waist circumferences. Fasting insulin (men: before, 3.8 +/- 1.7 microU/mL; after, 7.4 +/- 3.1 microU/mL; P = .004; women: before, 4.9 +/- 2.3 microU/mL; after, 5.9 +/- 2.8 microU/mL; P = .17), systolic blood pressure (men: before, 117 +/- 13 mm Hg; after, 127 +/- 9.1 mm Hg; P = .002; women: before, 102 +/- 5.1 mm Hg; after, 98 +/- 5.4 mm Hg; P = .39), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B increased only in the men of the intervention group. The sex differences in the metabolic responses to the intervention were linked to a considerable difference in the fat accumulation pattern; 41.4% +/- 9.2% of the increase of the fat volume in the abdominal region was accumulated intraabdominally in men and 22.7 +/- 6.5% in women (P < .0001). This study thus showed that women are protected, compared with men, against developing intraabdominal obesity when adopting a standardized obesity-provoking lifestyle. Our findings suggest that it is not different lifestyles and/or behaviors that underlie the fact that men have a higher cardiovascular risk at the same level of percentage of body fat than women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Styrbjörn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erlingsson
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herard
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dahlqvist Leinhard
authors.forename: Torbjörb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Toste
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Länne
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borga
authors.forename: Fredrik H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nystrom
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol