title: Congenital cardiac malformations in neonates with apparently isolated gastrointestinal malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of congenital cardiac malformations (CCM) with malformations of the gastrointestinal tract/abdominal wall is known. Nevertheless, the data presently available are derived from patient populations that include some special conditions known to be associated with a high rate of CCM. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine the incidence of cardiac malformations among neonates with apparently isolated malformations of the gastrointestinal tract/abdominal wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 201 neonates with apparently isolated gastrointestinal malformations were screened on echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six (17.9%) of the neonates were diagnosed as having a CCM. When the four most frequent gastrointestinal malformations were evaluated, a CCM was diagnosed in 11/69 (15.9%) with anal atresia, in 9/38 (23.7%) with tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, in 2/25 (8%) with diaphragmatic hernia and in 5/17 (29.4%) with intestinal atresia. In 11 of 36 patients (30.6%) with CCM, the cardiac problems were hemodynamically significant, requiring anti-congestive and/or surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant number of neonates with apparently isolated gastrointestinal malformations had CCM. Because almost all patients with malformations of the gastrointestinal tract/abdominal wall require early surgical intervention, they should be evaluated on echocardiography to investigate CCM at the earliest opportunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatörk University, Erzurum, Turkey. holgun@atauni.edu.tr
authors.forename: Hasim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olgun
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karacan
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caner
authors.forename: Akgun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Naci
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ceviz
mesh_terms: D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000453:epidemiology; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography