Neck-shoulder pain and depressive symptoms: a cohort study with a 7-year follow-up.
BACKGROUND
The presence of neck-shoulder pain as a predictor of depression is not widely studied.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse the association of neck-shoulder pain at baseline with depressive symptomatology after a 7-year follow-up.


METHODS
A total of 604 subjects who had not had depressive symptomatology at baseline participated in 7-year follow-up survey. The number of subjects with depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Score10) after 7-year follow-up were measured in three groups - subjects without neck-shoulder pain, with infrequent neck-shoulder pain and with daily neck-shoulder pain at baseline.


RESULTS
A total of 77 (13%) participants had developed depressive symptomatology by the follow-up. Prevalence of depressive symptomatology in follow-up in subjects without neck-shoulder pain, with infrequent neck-shoulder pain and with daily neck-shoulder pain at baseline pain was 9.5%, 11.2% and 28.4%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis odds for having depressive symptomatology in daily neck-shoulder pain subjects was almost three fold higher (OR, 2.64, 95% CI, 1.27-5.48) compared to those without neck-shoulder pain.


CONCLUSIONS
Frequent neck-shoulder pain is a preceding symptom for the depressive symptomatology in adults.
Mäntyselkä
Pekka
P
School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Family Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Lupsakko
Taina
T
Kautiainen
Hannu
H
Vanhala
Mauno
M
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors