title: Pneumocephalus: a rare presentation of Candida sphenoid sinusitis.
abstract: Pneumocephalus is uncommon and usually evident after head trauma or surgery. It is a rare complication of acute, isolated sphenoid sinusitis caused by fungus pathogens in an immunocompetent patient. We report on a 14-year-old healthy boy with acute, isolated sphenoid sinusitis caused by Candida albicans. Pneumocephalus was the initial overlooked presentation. Although uncommon, fungal disease should be considered in acute, isolated sphenoid sinusitis when pneumocephalus is discovered, even in immunocompetent patients. Failure to diagnose and treat this entity promptly usually results in rapid progression and death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jainn-Jim
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chang-Teng
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shao-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: Huei-Shyong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kuang-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011007:Pneumocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D015524:Sphenoid Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed