title: Radioprotective effect of moderate wine consumption in patients with breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the high cost and side effects of radioprotective agents such as amifostine, attention has been focused on potentially equally effective but less expensive and toxic natural substances. We evaluated the potential radioprotective effects of wine in preventing skin toxicity in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before treatment, the medical history and habits of patients were assessed and the information recorded in their clinical folders. Patients were divided into three groups based on the dose/fractionation scheme used: control group, 60.4 Gy (standard technique); Modulated Accelerated Radiotherapy in Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer (MARA)-1 protocol group, 44 Gy (concomitant boost to tumoral bed); and MARA-2 protocol group, 60 Gy (concomitant boost to tumoral bed). The impact of the following variables on acute skin toxicity was evaluated by chart review: radiotherapy protocol, planning target volume (PTV), comorbidity (e.g., hypertension and diabetes), hemoglobin level before therapy, adjuvant hormone therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, cigarette smoking, and drinking habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 348 patients. More severe skin toxicity was significantly associated with the radiotherapy protocol (p < 0.001) and median PTV (p = 0.005). In addition, the incidence of acute toxicity of Grade 2 or greater was higher in patients without alcohol intake (38.4% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.021). The daily amount of alcohol intake also influenced the incidence of skin toxicity, with an incidence of 38.4% in patients with no wine intake, 31.8% in patients drinking half a glass per day, 13.6% in patients drinking one glass per day, and 35.0% in patients drinking two glasses per day. Multivariate analysis showed that wine intake, PTV, and radiotherapy protocol were all significantly correlated with acute toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that wine may have a radioprotective effect; however, prospective studies are needed to confirm this beneficial effect of wine and its components.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, John Paul II Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Digesù
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panunzi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Gaetano
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deodato
authors.forename: M Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cece
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirocco
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Castelnuovo
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Numa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014920:Wine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D006441:Hemoglobin A