title: Alcohol pretreatment increases hepatic and pulmonary injury in experimental pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic complications including pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) are critical factors that determine the outcome of severe necrotizing pancreatitis (SNP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of chronic alcohol exposure on the development of PALI.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 rats were fed either a Lieber deCarli control or alcohol diet for 6 weeks. After completion, SNP was induced by intraductal infusion of bile salt followed by intravenous infusion of cerulein over 6 h. Control animals received i.v. Ringer's solution. Intravital microscopy of the liver was performed 6 h after induction of SNP to evaluate hepatic perfusion and leukocyte adhesion. Serum parameters, edema, inflammation, and histological changes were evaluated at 12 h. IL-6 levels were evaluated in portal venous and systemic blood as well as in pancreatic tissue homogenates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol pretreatment did not affect pancreatic injury in SNP. PALI was aggravated after alcohol ingestion. These animals showed increased hepatic microcirculatory disturbances, compared to SNP alone. IL-6 showed peak levels in SNP with alcohol pretreatment, although they were also elevated in SNP alone. Systemic levels of IL-6 were higher than in the portal vein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In SNP, alcoholic pretreatment increases pulmonary damage, while pancreatic injury is identical. The liver seems to participate in this effect by increased hepatic cytokine release.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietschmann
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hackert
authors.forename: Sara S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Longerich
authors.forename: Martha-Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases