title: Hemopexin down-regulates LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages.
abstract: Detection of LPS in tissues is an integral component of innate immunity that acts to protect against invasion by Gram-negative bacteria. Plasma down-regulates LPS-induced cytokine production from macrophages, thereby limiting systemic inflammation in blood and distant tissues. To identify the protein(s) involved in this process, we used classical biochemical chromatographic techniques to identify fractions of mouse sera that suppress LPS-induced TNF from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Fractionation yielded microgram quantities of a protein that was identified by MS to be hemopexin (Hx). Mouse Hx purified on hemin-agarose beads and rhHx decreased the production of cytokines from BMDMs and peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS. Preincubation of LPS with Hx did not affect the activity of LPS on LAL, whereas preincubation of Hx with macrophages followed by washing resulted in decreased activity of these cells in response to LPS, suggesting that Hx acts on macrophages rather than LPS. Heme-free Hx did not stimulate HO-1 in the macrophages. Purified Hx also decreased TNF and IL-6 from macrophages induced by the synthetic TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys. Our data suggest that Hx, which is an acute-phase protein that increases during inflammation, limits TLR4 and TLR2 agonist-induced macrophage cytokine production directly through a mechanism distinct from HO-1.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Xueya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Guangjie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beasley-Topliffe
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cavaillon
authors.forename: H Shaw
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006466:Hemopexin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004151:Dipeptides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006466:Hemopexin; C047210:2,3-bis-(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-N-palmitoyl-cysteinylserine