title: Effects of NO/L-arginine pathway on gallbladder contractility in bile duct ligated guinea pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) produces gallbladder distension and acute inflammation similar to that seen in human acute acalculous cholecystitis. CBDL in the guinea pig affects smooth muscle contractility. The aim of this study was to determine whether the nitric oxide-L-arginine pathway plays a role in the inflammatory process and abnormal gallbladder contractility that occur after CBDL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contractility of gallbladder muscle from CBDL and sham-operated guinea pigs was studied in vitro. Animals were treated with saline, aminoguanidine (AG), or an aminoguanidine + L-arginine combination (AG + L-Arg) in vivo. Potassium chloride, carbachol, and electric field stimulation (EFS) were used for contracting the gallbladder muscle strips or activating intrinsic nerves. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of muscle strips were scored for inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contraction responses to carbachol and EFS were decreased significantly in CBDL guinea pigs compared with those in the sham-operated group. AG partly reversed the smooth muscle contractile response to carbachol and EFS, but did not reduce the inflammation score. Treatment with AG + L-arg did not reverse either the contraction response or the inflammation score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that AG and AG + L-Arg treatments have no beneficial effect on inflammation in guinea pigs after CBDL, although AG significantly reversed the effect on muscle contractility (P < 0.05). This improvement was independent of inflammation and may be due to a decreased level of NO and its diminished relaxant effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bagcivan
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002217:Carbachol; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006146:Guanidines; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011189:Potassium Chloride
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol; D001120:Arginine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C004479:pimagedine