Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is a common tumor among men, with increasing diagnosis at an earlier stage and a lower volume of disease because of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The need for imaging of the prostate stems from a desire to optimize treatment strategy on a patient and tumor-specific level. The major goals of prostate imaging are (1) staging of known cancer, (2) determination of tumor aggressiveness, (3) diagnosis of cancer in patients who have elevated PSA but a negative biopsy, (4) treatment planning, and (5) the evaluation of therapy response. This article concentrates on the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of patients who have prostate cancer and how it might be used to help achieve the above goals. Various dynamic contrast enhancement approaches (quantitative/semiquantitative/qualitative, high temporal versus high spatial resolution) are summarized with reference to the relevant strengths and compromises of each approach.
McMahon
Colm J
CJ
Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. cmcmahon@bidmc.harvard.edu
Bloch
B Nicolas
BN
Lenkinski
Robert E
RE
Rofsky
Neil M
NM
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media