title: Simvastatin treatment in surgically induced brain injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins) have been shown to reduce blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and improve neurologic outcome in cerebrovascular disorders. Brain injury due to neurosurgical procedures can lead to post-operative complications such as brain edema and altered neurologic function. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether simvastatin reduces brain edema by preventing BBB disruption and improves neurologic status after surgically-induced brain injury (SBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were pretreated for seven days with vehicle or simvastatin i.p. daily, after which they underwent SBI. Neurologic evaluation was assessed at 24 hours post-SBI and the animals were sacrificed for brain water content calculation and BBB evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain water content was significantly increased in the right frontal lobe in all SBI groups as compared to the left frontal lobe. There was no significant difference in brain water content in the right frontal lobe between simvastatin and vehicle treated groups. Evans blue testing did not show a significant difference in disruption of the BBB between groups. Neurologic scores were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simvastatin did not reduce brain water content, protect the BBB, or improve neurologic scores after SBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson Street, Room 2534, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lekic
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyong
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stier
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin