title: Carcinoma of prostate in clinically benign enlarged gland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoma of the prostate is one of the common tumours of old age in men. This cross sectional study was conducted to detect carcinoma of prostate in clinically benign enlarged gland and to evaluate the efficacy of Digital rectal Examination in detection of prostatic cancer in patients presented at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from July 1998 to July 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms over the age of 50 years were evaluated on English version of International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), clinically examined and post-voiding residual urine determined on abdominal sonography. The selection criteria were; Severe IPSS, absence of signs of malignancy on Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and post-voiding residual urine more than 100 ml. Thus a total 100 patients were selected for further study. Four ml blood was taken to assess Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level pre-operatively. All these patients underwent either transvesical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and enucleated prostatic tissues were sent to histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five percent patients had PSA level up to 10 etag/ml. PSA level of 15 (15%) patients were above 10n gm/ml out of which 13 (13%) patients were having PSA in range of 11-12 etag/ml and two (2%) had PSA level between 20-25 etag/ml. Histopathology report of 2% patients turned out as adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Out of 100 patients who were having clinically benign DRE findings, 2 turned out as Carcinoma of the prostate histologically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan. drishtiaq_71@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ishtiaq Ali
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.forename: Irfan-ud-Din
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Khattak
authors.forename: Asif Nawaz
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Attaullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.lastname: Zia-ur-Rehman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen