title: Assessment of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in elders from rural areas of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study was to examine the relationships among demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment in oldest-old elders from rural areas of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used to conduct the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  137 Brazilian elders age 80 years or over.
  
  
  METHODS
  A target population data form, a county data form, a demographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Depressive Cognition Scale were used to collect the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was found between males and females in regard to cognitive impairment. In addition, educational level and depressive symptoms were correlated with cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms were a weak but significant predictor of cognitive impairment after controlling for the effect of age, gender, and educational level of the oldest-old elders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings need to be interpreted cautiously since the sample scored above the cutoff points for cognitive impairment, and had low scores on depressive symptoms. Despite several limitations, findings from this study can be a foundation for further studies, and well-designed correlational or experimental approaches, are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Rosalina A P
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Valmi D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution