title: Emodin augments calcium activated chloride channel in colonic smooth muscle cells by Gi/Go protein.
abstract: Emodin is a natural anthraquinone in rhubarb. It has been identified as a prokinetic drug for gastrointestinal motility in Chinese traditional medicine. Emodin contracts smooth muscle by increasing the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+). In many smooth muscles, increasing intracellular Ca(2+) activates Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (ClCA). The study was aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on ClCA channels in colonic smooth muscle. 4 channel physiology signal acquire system was used to measure isometric contraction of smooth muscle strips. ClCA currents were recorded by EPC10 with perforated whole cell model. Emodin contracted strips and cells in colonic smooth muscle and augmented ClCA currents. Niflumic acid (NFA) and 4', 4'-diisothiostilbene-2, 2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) blocked the effects. Gi/Go protein inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), and PKA and PKC reduced ClCA currents. Pertussis toxin (PTX, a special inhibitor of Gi/Go protein), 8-bromoadenosine 38, 58-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP, a membrane-permeant protein kinase A activator) and Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a membrane-permeant protein kinase C activator) inhibited the effects on ClCA currents significantly. Our findings suggest that emodin augments ClCA channels to contract smooth muscle in colon, and the effect is induced mostly by enhancement of membrane Gi/Go protein signal transducer pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.lastname: Ting-Lou
authors.forename: Nonghua
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Youxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C036038:8-bromoadenosine; D009544:Niflumic Acid; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D000241:Adenosine; D004642:Emodin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D002118:Calcium