title: Generation of Phaseolus vulgaris ESTs and investigation of their regulation upon Uromyces appendiculatus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is the second most important legume crop in the world after soybean. Consequently, yield losses due to fungal infection, like Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust), have strong consequences. Several resistant genes were identified that confer resistance to bean rust infection. However, the downstream genes and mechanisms involved in bean resistance to infection are poorly characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subtractive bean cDNA library composed of 10,581 unisequences was constructed and enriched in sequences regulated by either bean rust race 41, a virulent strain, or race 49, an avirulent strain on cultivar Early Gallatin carrying the resistance gene Ur-4. The construction of this library allowed the identification of 6,202 new bean ESTs, significantly adding to the available sequences for this plant. Regulation of selected bean genes in response to bean rust infection was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Plant gene expression was similar for both race 41 and 49 during the first 48 hours of the infection process but varied significantly at the later time points (72-96 hours after inoculation) mainly due to the presence of the Avr4 gene in the race 49 leading to a hypersensitive response in the bean plants. A biphasic pattern of gene expression was observed for several genes regulated in response to fungal infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enrichment of the public database with over 6,000 bean ESTs significantly adds to the genomic resources available for this important crop plant. The analysis of these genes in response to bean rust infection provides a foundation for further studies of the mechanism of fungal disease resistance. The expression pattern of 90 bean genes upon rust infection shares several features with other legumes infected by biotrophic fungi. This finding suggests that the P. vulgaris-U. appendiculatus pathosystem could serve as a model to explore legume-rust interaction.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Center for Sustainable Energy, Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. st5y7@mizzou.edu
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thibivilliers
authors.forename: Trupti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Kimberly B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Henry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stacey
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D017343:Genes, Plant; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant