An iron-based beverage, HydroFerrate fluid (MRN-100), alleviates oxidative stress in murine lymphocytes in vitro.
BACKGROUND
Several studies have examined the correlation between iron oxidation and H(2)O(2) degradation. The present study was carried out to examine the protective effects of MRN-100 against stress-induced apoptosis in murine splenic cells in vitro. MRN-100, or HydroFerrate fluid, is an iron-based beverage composed of bivalent and trivalent ferrates.


METHODS
Splenic lymphocytes from mice were cultured in the presence or absence of MRN-100 for 2 hrs and were subsequently exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2) ) at a concentration of 25 microM for 14 hrs. Percent cell death was examined by flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion. The effect of MRN-100 on Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels was determined by Western blot.


RESULTS
Results show, as expected, that culture of splenic cells with H(2)O(2) alone results in a significant increase in cell death (apoptosis) as compared to control (CM) cells. In contrast, pre-treatment of cells with MRN-100 followed by H(2)O(2) treatment results in significantly reduced levels of apoptosis.In addition, MRN-100 partially prevents H(2)O(2) -induced down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that MRN-100 may offer a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes.
Ghoneum
Mamdooh
M
Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA. mghoneum@ucla.edu
Matsuura
Motohiro
M
Gollapudi
Sastry
S
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001628:Beverages; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D058085:Iron Compounds; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014343:Trypan Blue; D002118:Calcium