title: Treponema pedis sp. nov., a spirochaete isolated from bovine digital dermatitis lesions.
abstract: Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a debilitating infection that is being increasingly recognized in livestock worldwide. Several treponeme phylotypes have been identified in BDD lesions, although only a single BDD-associated treponeme taxon (Treponema brennaborense) has been proposed thus far. In a previous study, we observed that four BDD-associated spirochaete isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and shared less than 97 % sequence similarity with recognized treponeme species. Further characterization of these isolates on the basis of growth characteristics, flaB2 gene sequences, enzyme profiles and cell morphology confirmed that they formed a coherent taxonomic group displaying marked genotypic and phenotypic differences with respect to recognized treponeme species. The four novel isolates displayed a novel 3 : 6 : 3 flagellar pattern rather than the 2 : 4 : 2 pattern shown by their closest relatives and exhibited esterase C4, esterase lipase C8, trypsin and chymotrypsin enzyme activities. Therefore these four new isolates represent a novel species of the genus Treponema, for which the name Treponema pedis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T3552B(T) (=DSM 18691(T)=NCTC 13403(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. evansnj@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demirkan
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Birtles
authors.forename: C Anthony
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology; D005408:Flagellin / Q000235:genetics; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020459:Genes, rRNA / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014208:Treponema / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D014211:Treponemal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D005408:Flagellin