title: How smoke-free laws improve air quality: a global study of Irish pubs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study examined indoor air quality in a global sample of smoke-free and smoking-permitted Irish pubs. We hypothesized that levels of respirable suspended particles, an important marker of secondhand smoke, would be significantly lower in smoke-free Irish pubs than in pubs that allowed smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indoor air quality was assessed in 128 Irish pubs in 15 countries between 21 January 2004 and 10 March 2006. Air quality was evaluated using an aerosol monitor, which measures the level of fine particle (PM(2.5)) pollution in the air. A standard measurement protocol was used by data collectors across study sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the level of air pollution inside smoke-free Irish pubs was 93% lower than the level found in pubs where smoking was permitted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of indoor air pollution can be massively reduced by enacting and enforcing smoke-free policies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Practice, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Landmark Center, 3rd Floor East, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gconnoll@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Carrie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clancy
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D011640:Public Policy; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014691:Ventilation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution