title: Diagnostic potential of urinary tumor necrosis factor-alpha in children with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important mediator of the inflammatory response in serious bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of urinary TNF-alpha for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted from March 2006 to December 2007 on children with confirmed diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. They all had positive renal scintigraphy scans for pyelonephritis and leukocyturia. The ratios of urinary TNF-alpha to urine creatinine level were determined and compared in patients before and after antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two children (13 boys and 69 girls) with acute pyelonephritis were evaluated. The mean pretreatment ratio of urinary TNF-alpha to urinary creatinine level was higher than that 3 days after starting on empirical treatment (P = .03). The sensitivity of this parameter was 91% for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis when compared with demercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy as gold standard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings in children, the level of urinary TNF-alpha-creatinine ratio is acute increased in pyelonephritis and it decreases after appropriate therapy with a high sensitivity for early diagnosis of the disease. Further research is warranted for shedding light on the potential diagnostic role of urinary TNF-alpha in pyelonephritis in children.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University (MC), Tehran, Iran. mohkamm@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohkam
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asgarian
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahimzad
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifian
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dalirani
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdollah Gorgi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D003404:Creatinine