Neuroleptic-induced tardive cervical dystonia: clinical series of 20 patients.
BACKGROUND
Cervical dystonia (CD) may be classified according to the underlying cause into primary or secondary CD. Previous exposure to neuroleptics is one of the main causes of adult-onset secondary dystonia. There are few reports that characterize the clinical features of primary CD and secondary neuroleptic-induced CD. Herein our aim was to investigate a series of patients with neuroleptic induced tardive CD and to describe their clinical and demographic features.


METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated 20 patients with neuroleptic-induced tardive CD and compared clinical, demographic and therapeutic characteristics to another 77 patients with primary CD. All patients underwent Botulinum toxin type-A therapy.


RESULTS
We did not identify any relevant clinical and demographic characteristics in our group of patients that could be used to distinguish tardive and primary CD.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with tardive CD presented demographic characteristics and disease course similar to those with primary CD.
Godeiro-Júnior
Clecio
C
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Movement Disorders Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Felício
Andre C
AC
Aguiar
Patrícia Carvalho
PC
Borges
Vanderci
V
Silva
Sonia M A
SM
Ferraz
Henrique B
HB
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003710:Demography; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014103:Torticollis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A