title: Gonadal and adrenal androgen deficiencies as independent predictors of increased cardiovascular mortality in men with type II diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related decline in circulating androgens in men is associated with poor cardiovascular (CV) outcome. Men with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) are prone to develop androgen deficiency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the prevalence and prognostic consequences of deficiencies in circulating total and free testosterone (TT, FT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) in type II DM men with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 153 diabetic men with stable CAD (age: 65±9 years). Serum levels of FT were estimated (eFT) from TT and sex hormone binding globulin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TT, eFT and DHEAS deficiencies (serum levels≤the 10th percentile of healthy peers) were found in 22%, 33% and 77% of DM men with CAD, being more frequent than in healthy peers (all p<0.001). During follow-up (median: 19 months), there were 43 (28%) CV deaths. We identified 4 independent predictors of CV mortality: testosterone (TT, eFT) and DHEAS deficiencies, high plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (≥2661 pg/mL, upper quartile), high serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (≥6.58 mg/L, upper quartile) (all p<0.01). There was a graded relation between the number of risk factors and increased CV mortality: hazard risk (95% confidence interval) for 1, 2, 3-4 vs. no risk factors, respectively: 5.9 (0.8-45.6), p=0.09, 9.2 (1.2-69.2), 63.0 (8.0-498.7), p<0.0001 (χ(2)=42.23, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In diabetic men with stable CAD, testosterone and DHEAS deficiencies are common and related to high CV mortality. Whether an androgen substitution would improve prognosis in androgen deficient men with type II diabetes and stable CAD, requires further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, and Centre for Heart Disease, Cardiology Department, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ponikowska
authors.forename: Ewa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maj
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biel
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reczuch
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borodulin-Nadzieja
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Banasiak
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponikowski
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate