International collaborative study to evaluate candidate reference reagents to standardize haemagglutination testing for anti-A and anti-B in normal intravenous immunoglobulin products.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate, in an international collaboration, three lyophilized intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations for their suitability to standardize and control haemagglutination testing for anti-A and anti-B in IVIG products.


METHODS
Twenty-three laboratories tested candidate IVIG reference reagents consisting of a Positive control (07/306), a Negative control (07/308), and a specifically formulated Limit preparation (07/310) to define the maximum (e.g. pharmacopoeial) limits of anti-A and anti-B in IVIG products, where limits are applicable. Laboratories performed direct haemagglutination using papain-treated erythrocytes and/or indirect antiglobulin tests.


RESULTS
For both methods, there was up to 16-fold variation in anti-A and anti-B titres, although there was good agreement over a two-fold titre range for anti-A and anti-B between laboratories for both 07/306 and 07/310 using the direct method. Comparative titration data for 07/306 and 07/310 indicated that the use of a 'Limit' reference reagent would facilitate identification of higher titre batches when the direct haemagglutination method is used.


CONCLUSIONS
The establishment of preparations 07/306, 07/308 and 07/310 as reference reagents by the World Health Organization will facilitate global standardization of haemagglutination tests for anti-A and anti-B, ensure that such tests are sufficiently sensitive and specific, and facilitate identification of batches that exceed maximum recommended levels of anti-A and anti-B. The Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia and the United States Food and Drug Administration have adopted the same reference reagents including the maximal specifications defined by preparation 07/310.
Thorpe
S J
SJ
Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK. susan.thorpe@nibsc.hpa.org.uk
Fox
B
B
Sharp
G
G
Heath
A B
AB
Behr-Gross
M-E
ME
Terao
E
E
Virata-Theimer
M L
ML
Yu
M W
MW
D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology*; D005060:Europe; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000276:immunology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000592:standards; D007391:International Cooperation; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D017186:Titrimetry; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D014944:World Health Organization
D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007518:Isoantibodies