title: Alterations in growth and branching of Neurospora crassa caused by sub-inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents.
abstract: Six antifungal agents at subinhibitory concentrations were used for investigating their ability to affect the growth and branching in Neurospora crassa. Among the antifungals herein used, the azole agent ketoconazole at 0.5 microg/ml inhibited radial growth more than fluconazole at 5.0 microg/ml while amphotericin B at 0.05 microg/ml was more effective than nystatin at 0.05 microg/ml. Morphological alterations in hyphae were observed in the presence of griseofulvin, ketoconazole and terbinafine at the established concentrations. The antifungal agents were more effective on vegetative growth than on conidial germination. Terbinafine markedly reduced growth unit length (GU) by 54.89%, and caused mycelia to become hyperbranched. In all cases, there was a high correlation between hyphal length and number of tips (r > 0.9). All our results showed highly significant differences by ANOVA, (p < 0.001, alpha = 0.05). Considering that the hyphal tip is the main interface between the fungus and its environment/through which enzymes and toxins are secreted and nutrients absorbed, it would not be desirable to obtain a hyperbranched mycelia with inefficient doses of antifungal drugs.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Said
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000494:pharmacology; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009761:Nystatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077291:Terbinafine
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009761:Nystatin; D006118:Griseofulvin; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine; D007654:Ketoconazole