title: The influence of differently polarised microwave radiation on chromatin in human cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the possible biological effects of differently polarised microwave radiation on the chromatin state in human cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated human buccal epithelium cells were irradiated by microwaves of frequency f = 35 GHz and surface power density E = 30 microW/cm(2). The state of chromatin in human cells was determined by methods of light and electron microscopy. The state of cell membranes was evaluated by the method of vital indigo carmine staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microwave-induced condensation of chromatin in human cells is revealed. Degree of microwave-induced condensation depends on the state of polarisation of electromagnetic wave: In some cases left circularly polarised waves induce less effect than linearly polarised radiation. The linearly polarised electromagnetic waves induce cell membrane damage revealed by increase of cell staining. The data obtained are discussed in connection with mechanisms of biological effects of electromagnetic fields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained in this work demonstrate important biological effects of monochromatic microwave irradiation at 35 GHz. Low-level microwave irradiation induces chromatin condensation in human cells and damages of cell membranes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine. yury.g.shckorbatov@univer.kharkov.ua
authors.forename: Yuriy G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shckorbatov
authors.forename: Vladimir N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pasiuga
authors.forename: Nicolay N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Kolchigin
authors.forename: Valentin A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Grabina
authors.forename: Dmitry O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Batrakov
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kalashnikov
authors.forename: Dmitry D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ivanchenko
authors.forename: Viktor N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Bykov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000528:radiation effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000528:radiation effects; D002843:Chromatin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin