title: [The two faces of autophagy in the nervous system].
abstract: Autophagy is a cellular mechanism for degrading proteins and organelles. It was first described as a physiological process essential for maintaining homeostasis and cell survival, but understanding its role in conditions of stress has been complicated by the recognition of a new type of cell death ("type 2") characterized by deleterious autophagic activity. This paradox is important in the central nervous system where the activation of autophagy seems to be protective in certain neurodegenerative diseases but deleterious in cerebral ischemia. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of autophagy will need to take into account these opposing roles of autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie (DBCM), Université de Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Suisse. JulienPierre.Puyal@unil.ch
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puyal
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ginet
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaslin
authors.forename: Anita C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Truttmann
authors.forename: Peter G H
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D047108:Embryonic Development; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000502:physiology; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011898:Ranidae / Q000254:growth & development; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human