title: Efficacy of Aquatain, a monomolecular surface film, against the malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae s.s. in the laboratory.
abstract: Monomolecular films are used for mosquito control because of their asphyxiating effect on larvae and pupae. Compared with other films, Aquatain mosquito formulation (AMF) has an improved spreading ability and flexibility on a water surface. In the laboratory, AMF showed larvicidal, pupicidal, and oviposition deterrent effects against the malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae. At a dose of 1 mL/m(2), the median lethal time to death for late larval instars was 3.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.76-3.25) and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.75-1.20) days for An. stephensi and An. gambiae, respectively. None of the treated larvae pupated. Pupal mortality reached 100% within two hours for both species. AMF repelled gravid females from ovipositing in treated oviposition cups. Without the choice of an untreated cup, the lowered water surface tension caused most females to drown while attempting to oviposit. This physical control method has the potential to become a safe, cost-effective, and resistance-proof malaria vector control tool.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. tullu.bukhari@wur.nl
authors.forename: Tullu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.forename: Bart G J
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Knols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005052:Eucalyptus; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010938:Plant Oils; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D007306:Insecticides; D010938:Plant Oils; C013830:baysilon