title: Effect of calcium pre-rinse and fluoride dentifrice on enamel and on dental plaque formed in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in situ double-blind randomised crossover study was to investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) pre-rinse on the composition of plaque and on enamel prior to the use of fluoride (F) dentifrice.
  
  
  METHODS
  During four phases (14 days each) of this study, 10 volunteers had agreed to wear dental appliances containing two healthy bovine enamel blocks. A fresh solution containing 20% weight/volume (w/v) sucrose was dripped on the enamel blocks ex vivo for 5 min three times a day. Subsequently, the appliances were replaced in the mouth, and the volunteers rinsed their mouth with 10 mL of a Ca (150 mmol/L) or a placebo rinse (1 min). In sequence, a slurry (1:3 w/v) of F (1030 ppm) or placebo dentifrice was dripped onto the blocks ex vivo for 1 min. During this time, the volunteers brushed their teeth with the respective dentifrice. The appliances were replaced in the mouth, and the volunteers rinsed their mouth with water. The plaque formed on the blocks was analysed for F and Ca. The enamel demineralisation as well as the incorporation of F on enamel was evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness and alkali-soluble F analysis, respectively. Data were tested using analysis of variance (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ca pre-rinse prior to the use of the F dentifrice led to a three- and sixfold increase in the plaque F and Ca concentrations, respectively. It also did not have any additive effect on the F content on the enamel and the demineralisation of the enamel, in comparison with the use of F dentifrice alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A Ca lactate rinse used prior to the F dentifrice was able to change the mineral content in the plaque, but it was unable to prevent enamel demineralisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Almeida
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furlani
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Flávia Godoy
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Iano
authors.forename: Vanessa Eid da Silva
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D012995:Solubility; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D007773:Lactates; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; C110051:calcium lactate; D013395:Sucrose; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium