title: [Occurrence of fungal infections in pregnant women and non-pregnant women with diabetes and without diabetes].
abstract: Diabetes and pregnancy are thought to be independent factors increasing the risk of fungal infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of fungal infection of the vagina, rectum and oral cavity in pregnant and non-pregnant women with and without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  627 women were included in the study, among them healthy non-pregnant women (HN), healthy pregnant women (HP), pregnant women with diabetes (PD) and non-pregnant women with diabetes (ND). In total, 1881 samples obtained from the vagina, rectum and oral cavity were tested. For species identification API 20 C i API C AUX tests were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fungi in at least one locus were detected in 62.4% of all women, among them in 69.8% of HN, 58.5% of HP, 62.5% of PD and 62.7% of ND. Strains were isolated from vaginal samples of HP (16%) less often than in HN (27%) (95% CI 0.29-0.85; OR = 0.5); in ND (31%) and PD (25%) there were no differences in the occurrence of fungi in the vagina (95% CI 0.37-1.38; OR = 0.71). Similar rates of prevalence of fungi in rectum were found in HN (30%) and HP (23%) (95% CI 0.43-1.16; OR = 0.7) as well as in ND (27%) and PD (24%) (95% CI 0.41-1.64; OR = 0.82). Strains have been isolated from oral cavity of 57% of HN and 54% of HP (95% CI 0.58-1.42; OR = 0.9) as well as from 55% ND and 59% of PD (95% CI 0.65-2.21; OR = 1.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower prevalence of fungi in the vagina of HP, in comparison to HN, suggests a protective effect of pregnancy on the risk of vaginal mycosis. Pregnancy and diabetes independently have no influence on the prevalence of fungi in oral cavity and rectum.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Medycyny Matczyno-Płodowej i Ginekologii (KMMPiG), Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki (ICZlMP) w Lodzi. dnowakowska@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gaj
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowakowska-Głab
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilczyński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology