title: Surgery does not adversely affect survival in primary gastrointestinal lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of surgery on gastrointestinal lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 1973 to 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17,222 cases of PGIL were identified. The overall incidence of PGIL was approximately 1.505 cases per 100,000. A significantly increasing incidence for PGIL was observed (APC = +4.67, P < 0.05). In the cases for which treatment data was available, resection occurred in roughly half of the patients. In univariate analysis, surgical extirpation did not improve survival (47 months vs. 76 months, P < 0.001), while radiation treatment improved median survival (77 months vs. 59 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed increasing age and male gender as independent predictors of decreased overall survival. Tumor location also was a significant predictor of outcome. Large B-cell lymphoma type PGIL had a poorer prognosis than marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. By multivariate analysis, surgery was not found to increase the risk of death (HR = 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No associated survival benefit for surgery in the treatment in gastrointestinal lymphoma was observed. Determination of lymphoma should preclude surgical resection. Nonetheless, inadvertent extirpative surgery or in association with perforation does not appear to increase mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Housri
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: Leonidas G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koniaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program