title: The polyadenylation site of Mimivirus transcripts obeys a stringent 'hairpin rule'.
abstract: Mimivirus, a giant DNA virus infecting Acanthamoeba, is revealing an increasing list of unique features such as a 1.2-Mb genome with numerous genes not found in other viruses, a uniquely conserved promoter signal, and a particle of unmatched complexity using two distinct portals for genome delivery and packaging. Herein, we contribute a further Mimivirus distinctive feature discovered by sequencing a panel of viral cDNAs produced for probing the structure of Mimivirus transcripts. All Mimivirus mRNAs are polyadenylated at a site coinciding exactly with unrelated, but strongly palindromic, genomic sequences. The analysis of 454 Life Sciences (Roche) FLX cDNA tags (150,651) confirmed this finding for all Mimivirus genes independent of their transcription timings and expression levels. The absence of a suitable palindromic signal between adjacent genes results in transcripts encompassing multiple ORFs in the same or even in opposite orientations. Surprisingly, Mimivirus tRNAs are expressed as polyadenylated messengers, including an ORF/tRNA composite mRNA. To our knowledge, both the nature and the stringency of the "hairpin rule" defining the location of polyadenylation sites are unique, raising once more the question of Mimivirus's evolutionary origin. The precise molecular mechanisms implementing the hairpin rule into the 3'-end processing of Mimivirus pre-mRNAs remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, CNRS-UPR 2589, IFR-88, Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 934, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grzela
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lartigue
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audic
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chenivesse
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Claverie
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abergel
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D026723:Polyadenylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012343:RNA, Transfer