title: Surface microgrooves and acid etching on titanium substrata alter various cell behaviors of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the influence of surface microgrooves and acid etching on titanium substrata on cell proliferation and gene expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ti substrata with various dimensions of microgrooves and further acid etching comprised four experimental groups (E15/3.5, E30/5, E60/10, and E90/15), whereas smooth and acid etched Ti discs were both used as control (NE0 and E0). The chemical composition of the control and experimental cp Ti substrata was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell proliferation, gene expression, and protein expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts were analyzed between all groups using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The XPS results showed that the Ti substrata used in this study showed no significant differences in the expression of surface chemical composition. BrdU assay showed that cell proliferation was significantly increased in E60/10 compared with that in any other group. In RT-PCR, E60/10 was noted to increase the expression of various genes involved in cell-matrix adhesion and adhesion-dependent cell cycle progression. In Western blotting, increased expression of fibronectin and Rho A was noted in E60/10 compared with that in NE0 or E15/3.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that surface microgrooves 60 mum in width and 10 mum in depth, and further acid etching on Ti substrata trigger the proliferation and alter the expression of both genes and proteins in cultured human gingival fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Namsik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Myung-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leesungbok
authors.forename: Suk-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D014025:Titanium