title: Epidemiology and risk factors for early onset sepsis among very-low-birthweight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, causative pathogens, and risk factors for early onset sepsis (EOS) among very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a population based observational study. Data were prospectively collected by the Israel Neonatal Network between 1995 and 2005. Multivariable analyses identified independent risk factors for EOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EOS developed in 383 of 15,839 infants (2.42%). Fifty-five percent of pathogens isolated were gram-negative bacteria. Lack of prenatal care (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-2.86), delivery room resuscitation (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.91-3.24), membrane rupture > 24 hours without amnionitis (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.53-2.88), amnionitis with membrane rupture < 24 hours (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.97-6.16), and amnionitis with membrane rupture >or= 24 hours (OR, 8.15; 95% CI, 5.98-11.10) were associated with EOS, but not antenatal steroids or gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EOS was caused mainly by gram-negative bacteria. Prolonged rupture of membranes and amnionitis have an additive effect on EOS with an above 8-fold excess risk when both were present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel. gilkl@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sirota
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichman
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lerner-Geva
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology