title: The effect of implementing high-intensity intensive care unit staffing model on outcome of critically ill oncology patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Implementing high-intensity staffing model improves outcome in general intensive care units (ICUs). We studied the effect of implementing such a model on the outcome of critically ill medical patients in an oncology ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared admission rates, ICU mortality rates (MRs), 28-day MRs, length of stay (LOS) for patients discharged alive, and bed turnover rates of medical patients admitted to the ICU in the year 2004 (before an intensivist model was established) with those in the years 2006 and 2007 (after the model was established). We allowed for 1 year of transition to implement the changes required including the transformation of the ICU to a closed ICU with daily multidisciplinary rounds led by an intensivist as described in the Leapfrog model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICU admissions increased from 236 patients (2004) to 388 (2006) and 446 (2007). There was no significant difference in the disease severity of illness when compared by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, 20.6 (before) vs. 20.9 (after) (p = 0.386). ICU MR for the consecutive years decreased from 35.17% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.08-41.26) to 23.97% (95% CI: 19.72-28.22) and 22.87% (95% CI: 18.97-26.77), and 28-day MRs decreased from 47.69% (95% CI: 40.68-54.7) to 38.24% (95% CI: 32.91-43.58) and 29.84% (95% CI: 24.79-34.89). LOS (for patients who survived) decreased from a mean of 4.26 days (95% CI: 3.19-5.33) to 2.63 (95% CI: 2.4-2.86) and 2.63 (95% CI: 2.4-2.86). Bed turnover rates increased from 5.0 patient/bed (95% CI: 4.22-5.78) to 6.9 patient/bed (95% CI: 6.04-7.77) and 7.56 patient/bed (95% CI: 6.67-8.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementing a high-intensity staffing model is associated with significant improvements in MRs, LOS, and bed utilization of critically ill oncology patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan. fhawari@khcc.jo
authors.forename: Feras I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Hawari
authors.forename: Taghreed I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Al Najjar
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaru
authors.forename: Wa'ed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al Fayoumee
authors.forename: Samer H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: Mohammad Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mukhaimar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult