title: Blockade of angiotensin II type-1 receptor increases salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: This study determined the role of angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor in the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of Sprague-Dawley rats was monitored by radio telemetry and, after baseline measurements, rats were treated either with (1) vehicle, (2) AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) olmesartan (OLM, 100 nmol kg(-1) h(-1), subcutaneously), (3) OLM with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, 40 mg kg(-1) day(-1), orally), (4) angiotensin II (AngII, 100 ng kg(-1) min(-1), subcutaneously) or with (5) AngII with OLM. Rats were fed a 0.5% salt diet during the baseline and first 7 days of treatment period, and the diet was then switched to one containing 8% salt for another 7 days. Urinary samples were collected in a metabolic cage at the end of each period. MAP of the vehicle group did not change throughout the study. In AngII-infused rats, BP increased only when rats were fed an 8% salt diet. OLM and OLM with AngII significantly reduced MAP when rats were on a 0.5% salt diet, but not on an 8% salt diet, indicating an enhanced salt sensitivity by OLM. Co-treatment with HCTZ reduced the salt sensitivity of OLM. The urinary level of the oxidative stress marker was increased by an 8% salt diet and was not altered by either OLM alone or in combination with HCTZ. However, OLM attenuated the salt-induced renal NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity. These results indicate that AT1 receptor blockade increases salt sensitivity, which is reversed by diuretics. We conclude that OLM and HCTZ could be a useful combination for reduction of blood pressure even under high salt intake without changes in urinary oxidative stress levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tokudome
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013686:Telemetry; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D015415:Biomarkers; D004232:Diuretics; D007093:Imidazoles; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C437965:olmesartan; D012964:Sodium; D019255:NADPH Oxidases