title: Impact of biocide treatments on the bacterial communities of the Lascaux Cave.
abstract: The Lascaux Cave contains a remarkable set of paintings from the Upper Palaeolithic. Shortly after discovery in 1940, the cave was modified for public viewing and, in 2001, was invaded by a Fusarium solani species complex. Benzalkonium chloride was used from 2001 to 2004 to eliminate the fungal outbreak. In this study, we carried out a sampling in most of the cave halls and galleries. Sequence analysis and isolation methods detected that the most abundant genera of bacteria were Ralstonia and Pseudomonas. We suggest that, as a result of years of benzalkonium chloride treatments, the indigenous microbial community has been replaced by microbial populations selected by biocide application.
authors.affiliation: UMR Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement, INRA-Université de Bourgogne, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alabouvette
authors.forename: Valme
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jurado
authors.forename: Cesareo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saiz-Jimenez
mesh_terms: D000421:Alcaligenes / Q000187:drug effects; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005602:France; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology; D007875:Legionella / Q000187:drug effects; D010151:Paintings; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D043367:Ralstonia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004202:Disinfectants