title: Association of injury severity, MRI-results and ApoE genotype with 1-year outcome in mainly mild TBI: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the ability of MRI findings, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) to predict the 1-year outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study in unselected emergency room patients with an acute TBI, followed for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three consecutive patients were studied. The TBI severity was assessed with GCS and duration of PTA. Brain MRI scans were obtained within approximately 1 week post-injury. The ApoE genotypes were determined by standard methods. The outcome was evaluated with the Head Injury Symptom Checklist and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (extended) 1 year after the injury. The prognostic value of the explanatory variables was evaluated with multiple linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of traumatic axonal injury lesions or contusions in MRI and duration of PTA were independent predictors of poor outcome. The ApoE genotype and GCS were not associated with outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In multivariate models, the duration of PTA and acute MRI are the best predictors of 1-year outcome in TBI, whereas the prognostic values of GCS and ApoE are modest. The dominating role of GCS in assessing TBI severity should be questioned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiekkanen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurki
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brandstack
authors.forename: Veli
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kairisto
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000150:complications*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005838:Genotype; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E