title: Pathologic correlates of diffusion MRI changes in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cause of hyperintense magnetic resonance changes and reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in specific brain regions of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is unknown. Our aim was to determine the neuropathologic correlates of antemortem water ADC and normalized T2-weighted changes in patients with CJD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with CJD and 10 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were studied by DWI and T2-weighted echoplanar MRI. At postmortem, patients with CJD were evaluated for semiquantitative assessment of gliosis and neuronal loss, spongiform changes, and abnormal PrP protein deposition in four cortical regions (occipital, parietal, and temporal cortex, and cingulate gyrus), thalamus, and striatum for a total of 60 regions of interest (ROI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gliosis and neuronal loss correlated very highly with each other in the 60 ROIs. Where status spongiosus was absent, spongiform change correlated very highly with gliosis and neuronal loss in the cortex, but not in deep gray matter. Spongiform change was also significantly correlated with PrPSc load in both cortical and deep gray ROIs. In deep gray matter, ADC decreased with increasing spongiform change (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.001) and PrPSc load (R2 = 0.51; p = 0.003). In the cortex, ADC decreased with increases in all three, highly correlated, pathologic scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antemortem reductions in ADC values, typically found in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), are correlated with spongiform changes seen at autopsy. This could be clearly established in the striatum and thalamus of our patients with CJD where the extent of spongiform change was not significantly correlated with gliosis or neuronal loss.
authors.affiliation: MR Spectroscopy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Nephrological Diseases, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Manners
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tonon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capellari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strammiello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malucelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barbiroli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology