title: Patterns in prostate-specific antigen test use and digital rectal examinations in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002-2006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have examined prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) use among men; however, few have examined use of these procedures together over time. This study examined use of the PSA test and DRE among men over time and identified correlates associated with test use for the PSA test only, the DRE only, and both procedures combined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collected information on prostate cancer test use among 229,574 men aged 40 or older over 3 years (2002, 2004, and 2006). Patterns of PSA test and DRE use were examined overall and by selected demographic and health-related characteristics. Correlates of recent PSA test and DRE use were determined using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall trends for years 2002-2006 were a significant increase for PSA use only and a significant decrease of PSA and DRE use combined. Having had a recent PSA test (within 2 years) only; a recent DRE only; or both tests varied by sociodemographic and health-related variables, including age, race/ethnicity, marital status, levels of education and income, body mass index, health insurance status, and having a personal doctor or health care provider.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although major organizations are not in agreement about the efficacy of prostate cancer screening, the PSA test and DRE continue to be utilized regularly by a majority of American men over age 40. PSA test and DRE use in this population provide a basis for addressing issues related to screening.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health, Social and Community Research, Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USA. lross@shawu.edu
authors.forename: Louie E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Yhenneko J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen