title: Reduction of conscious sedation requirements by olfactory stimulation: a prospective randomized single-blinded trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the possibility that olfactory stimulation would decrease sedation needed for colonoscopy and therefore decrease the recovery time needed after conscious sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive a cherry-flavoredscent in oxygen flowing at a 4 L per minute rate via nasal cannula or oxygen alone. The scent was provided in a cherry-flavored oil. A Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA) was placed and scores were recorded every 5 minutes during the procedure to control for different sedation patterns between different endoscopists. The recovery area nurse was unaware of whether a given patient was in the aroma or plain oxygen group, and based each patient's discharge on preexisting standardized criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighty-four (284) patients completed the study. Both the procedure times and the recovery times were not statistically significant between the two groups. The doses of sedatives used, BIS scores at 5 minute intervals, and rate of change in BIS scores were also not statistically significant between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, there is no difference between olfactory stimulation and inhaled oxygen with regard to amount of sedation used and recovery times for colonoscopy. An inhaled cherry- scent may not have as great a calming effect as other scents that have been studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puttler
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaklic
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rieg
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lucha
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027861:Prunus; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012903:Smell
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen