title: Symptom-specific outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although multiple studies have demonstrated that symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) improve after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), a systematic large-scale evaluation of specific symptom response has not been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the relative effectiveness of surgery in the improvement of individual CRS symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and other Web-based sources from January 1, 1980 through June 1, 2008 was performed. Studies of 20 or more adult patients with CRS that used symptom severity scores to analyze at least 3 major CRS criteria (facial pressure, nasal obstruction, postnasal discharge, and hyposmia) or 2 major CRS criteria plus headache were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inclusion criteria were met by 21 of 289 ESS studies reviewed. Meta-analysis was conducted for each symptom separately with the standardized difference between the preoperative and postoperative severity scores as the effect size (ES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2070 patients with CRS were studied a mean of 13.9 months after ESS. All symptoms demonstrated improvement compared with their respective preoperative severity scores by an overall ES of 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.41; I(2) = 81.7%) using the random-effects model. Nasal obstruction (ES, 1.73) improved the most, with facial pain (ES, 1.13) and postnasal discharge (ES, 1.19) demonstrating moderate improvements. Hyposmia (ES, 0.97) and headache (ES, 0.98) improved the least.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative improvements in major CRS symptoms and headache after surgery are similar, with the exception of nasal obstruction, which improves most.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. achester@foxhallinternists.com
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chester
authors.forename: Jastin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Antisdel
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindwani
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000601:surgery*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*