title: A methodology for improving throughput using portal monitors.
abstract: The National Internal Radiation Assessment Section (NIRAS), which operates the Canadian National Calibration Reference Centre for Bioassay and In Vivo Monitoring, has field deployable equipment for emergency response. A substantial part of this tool kit is a set of portal monitors that can be used to quickly screen people into the 'uncontaminated' and the 'contaminated'. The former term refers to a person who has <60 kBq (empirical practical detection limit) of activation/fission products and the latter group is contaminated by that amount or more. Recent field work has shown that one type of the NIRAS's portal monitors can be alarmed at significant distances if the level of contamination is high enough. The other types, which do not initiate a count until either an infra-red beam is broken or a proximity detector is activated, do not alarm but their background will be raised and this causes other problems. This paper proposes a method of group monitoring to help speed up the process of screening a large number of potentially contaminated persons using portal monitors. In short, the group of potentially contaminated persons will be kept isolated from the portal stations. Depending on a real-time estimate of the percentage of contaminated persons in the crowd, groups of persons will be selected for screening. The hypergeometric distribution has been used to decide on the sampling group size with an expectation that 90% of the time no contaminated person will be present in the group. Once removed from the main waiting area, the group will be pre-screened and then, depending on the result, sent to the appropriate portal. It is anticipated that this will greatly speed up processing as it substantially reduces the transit time. Transits times have also been estimated in addition to the number of personnel required to run all of NIRAS's field deployable equipment.
authors.affiliation: National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. gary_h_kramer@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Capello
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DiNardo
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Leonora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marro
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D011868:Radioisotopes