Phonon softening and crystallographic orientation of strained graphene studied by Raman spectroscopy.
We present a systematic study of the Raman spectra of optical phonons in graphene monolayers under tunable uniaxial tensile stress. Both the G and 2D bands exhibit significant red shifts. The G band splits into 2 distinct subbands (G(+), G(-)) because of the strain-induced symmetry breaking. Raman scattering from the G(+) and G(-) bands shows a distinctive polarization dependence that reflects the angle between the axis of the stress and the underlying graphene crystal axes. Polarized Raman spectroscopy therefore constitutes a purely optical method for the determination of the crystallographic orientation of graphene.
Huang
Mingyuan
M
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Yan
Hugen
H
Chen
Changyao
C
Song
Daohua
D
Heinz
Tony F
TF
Hone
James
J