title: The effect of remifentanil on the emergence characteristics of children undergoing FBO for bronchoalveolar lavage with sevoflurane anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sevoflurane vs. sevoflurane and remifentanil on cough and agitation during emergence and recovery after fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children between 2 and 6 years of age undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were enrolled. All patients were premedicated with oral midazolam. Patients were randomly assigned to either group S (sevoflurane alone, n = 25) or group SR (sevoflurane with remifetanil, n = 25). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in all patients. Group SR received remifentanil at a bolus dose of 1 microg/kg over 2 min followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.15 microg/kg/min. In addition to routine anaesthesia documentation, agitation scores and cough scores were recorded every 5 min during emergence and recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of the procedure, anaesthesia and emergence phases was similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Time until recovery was significantly shorter in group SR than in group S (7.0 +/- 5.5 min and 13.0 +/- 3.5 min, respectively; P = 0.001). Cough scores were not significantly different between the two groups during emergence and recovery (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, P > 0.05). However, the mean agitation score at 5 min in group SR was significantly higher than that in group S (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, P < 0.01). One case of hypoxaemia from thoracic rigidity occurred in a patient in group SR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of remifentanil significantly shortened recovery time in children undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy under sevoflurane anaesthesia. In the recovery period, remifentanil did not decrease cough, and increased agitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey. ozturktulun@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tulun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erbuyun
authors.forename: Gonul Tezcan
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tok
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil