title: The level of monocyte turnover predicts disease progression in the macaque model of AIDS.
abstract: It is widely accepted that destruction of CD4(+) T cells and viral load are the primary markers for immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected humans and in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. However, monocyte/macrophages are also important targets of HIV/SIV infection and a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity. We therefore examined whether changes in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage could be linked to the pathogenesis of AIDS in the rhesus macaque model. Here, we show that massive turnover of peripheral monocytes associated with death of tissue macrophages correlates with AIDS progression in macaques. More importantly, the level of monocyte turnover was not linked to the CD4(+) T-cell count and was a better predictive marker for AIDS progression than was viral load or lymphocyte activation. Our results show the importance of monocyte/macrophages in the pathogenesis of AIDS and suggest the dynamic changes of the monocyte/macrophages as a new marker for AIDS progression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA .
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Huining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Binhua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Juan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Borda
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vinet-Oliphant
authors.forename: Woong-Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ruy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Veazey
authors.forename: Marcelo J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral