title: Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are limited data on the causes and severity of subsequent stroke in patients presenting initially with TIA or stroke attributed to intracranial arterial stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the location, type (lacunar vs nonlacunar), cause, and severity of stroke in patients who had an ischemic stroke endpoint in the Warfarin Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 569 patients enrolled in the WASID trial, 106 patients (18.6%) had an ischemic stroke during a mean follow-up of 1.8 years. Stroke occurred in the territory of the symptomatic artery in 77 (73%) of 106 patients. Among the 77 strokes in the territory, 70 (91%) were nonlacunar and 34 (44%) were disabling. Stroke out of the territory of the symptomatic artery occurred in 29 (27%) of 106 patients. Among these 29 strokes, 24 (83%) were nonlacunar, 14 (48%) were attributed to previously asymptomatic intracranial stenosis, and 9 (31%) were disabling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most subsequent strokes in patients with symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis are in the same territory and nonlacunar, and nearly half of the strokes in the territory are disabling. The most commonly identified cause of stroke out of the territory was a previously asymptomatic intracranial stenosis. Penetrating artery disease was responsible for a low number of strokes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. famakinb@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Bolanle M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Famakin
authors.forename: Marc I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chimowitz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Barney J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin