title: Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in South Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonatal sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by systemic signs of infection, shock and system organ failure; diagnosis is confirmed on positive culture from a normally sterile site(s). There are few reports comparing incidence, mortality, and risk factors between clinically diagnosed sepsis and that confirmed by culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  All infants diagnosed with early- (within first 72 h after birth) or late-onset (72 h-4 weeks after birth) neonatal sepsis between 1997 and 1999 from four neonatal centers in South Korea, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated incidence rate of neonatal sepsis during the 3 years was 30.5 per 1000 live births for clinical sepsis and 6.1 per 1000 live births for sepsis with positive culture, with case-fatality rates of 4.7% and 2.2%, respectively. When only early-onset sepsis was considered, the incidence and fatality rates were 25.1 per 1000 live births and 6.1% for clinical sepsis, and 4.3 per 1000 live births and 2.5% for culture-confirmed sepsis, respectively. For the 179 patients (185 causative organisms) of proven sepsis, Staphylococcus spp. including S. aureus were the most frequent isolates. In early-onset clinical sepsis, having very low birthweight (<or=1500 g), a low Apgar score at 5 min (<or=7), and being male were related to higher rates of case-fatality (relative risk: 11.3, 6.8 and 2.5, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical sepsis was more common than culture-confirmed sepsis and had a higher case-fatality rate. It seems prudent to take rapid and decisive steps toward better management of the high-risk group whether the sepsis is clinically diagnosed or culture confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Moran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foxman
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology