title: Ballistic abdominal exercises: muscle activation patterns during three activities along the stability/mobility continuum.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to document the muscle activity and spine motion during several tasks requiring rapid abdominal contraction. Eight healthy men from a university population were instrumented to obtain surface electromyography of selected trunk and hip muscles, together with video analysis to calculate joint moments and electromagnetic lumbar spine position sensor to track spine posture. Exercises included a punch, throw, and a ballistic torso-stiffening maneuver. This study found that no muscle turned on significantly before any other muscle during both the 1-in. punch and ballistic torso-stiffening maneuver. Conversely, there was a significant order or muscle onset during the baseball throw. Muscles reached peak activation significantly before any other muscle during the baseball throw and 1-in. punch, but there were no significant differences for the torso-stiffening maneuver. The exercises quantified in this study demonstrated how muscle contraction dynamics change to meet differing demands for stiffening, for force/moment production, and for rapid movements. Specifically, it seems that there is an order of contraction when movement is the goal but not when just spine stability is required. Thus, a different intensity of abdominal bracing is required to achieve the different objectives of sports tasks and exercises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Spine Biomechanics Laboratories, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. mcgill@healthy.uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karpowicz
authors.forename: Chad M J
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fenwick
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult