title: Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both nutritional and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the effects of fructose, a potent stimulator of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, on intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCLs) and insulin sensitivity in healthy offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes (OffT2D)--a subgroup of individuals prone to metabolic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male OffT2D and 8 control subjects were studied in a crossover design after either a 7-d isocaloric diet or a hypercaloric high-fructose diet (3.5 g x kg FFM(-1) x d(-1), +35% energy intake). Hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity were assessed with a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (0.3 and 1.0 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)), together with 6,6-[2H2]glucose. IHCLs and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) were measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OffT2D group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher IHCLs (+94%), total triacylglycerols (+35%), and lower whole-body insulin sensitivity (-27%) than did the control group. The high-fructose diet significantly increased IHCLs (control: +76%; OffT2D: +79%), IMCLs (control: +47%; OffT2D: +24%), VLDL-triacylglycerols (control: +51%; OffT2D: +110%), and fasting hepatic glucose output (control: +4%; OffT2D: +5%). Furthermore, the effects of fructose on VLDL-triacylglycerols were higher in the OffT2D group (group x diet interaction: P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 7-d high-fructose diet increased ectopic lipid deposition in liver and muscle and fasting VLDL-triacylglycerols and decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. Fructose-induced alterations in VLDL-triacylglycerols appeared to be of greater magnitude in the OffT2D group, which suggests that these individuals may be more prone to developing dyslipidemia when challenged by high fructose intakes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00523562.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kim-Anne
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lê
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ith
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faeh
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tappy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C030106:very low density lipoprotein triglyceride; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose