title: Determinants of plasma adiponectin levels in nondiabetic subjects with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine factors associated with adiponectin levels in subjects with stage III to IV chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All kidney-disease subjects and controls were recruited at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN) and Maine Medical Center (Portland, ME).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 95 stage III to IV CKD subjects. Kidney-disease subjects with history of diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were no interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with stage IV CKD had significantly higher adiponectin levels compared with those with stage III CKD (30.6 +/- 22.8 microg/mL vs. 21.1 +/- 14.6 microg/mL mean +/- SD, P = .05). Adiponectin was significantly correlated with gender (P = .01), high-density lipoproteins (P < .001), triglycerides (P = .004), and weight (P = .04) upon unadjusted analysis. Using multiple linear regression analysis, gender (P = .03), high-density lipoproteins (P = .001), triglycerides (P = .04), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = .004) were independently associated with adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are major determinants of adiponectin levels in nondiabetic stage III to IV CKD. Insulin resistance, body mass index, and body fat percentage were not associated with adiponectin levels. Plasma adiponectin levels are difficult to interpret in the setting of CKD because of multiple confounders that may influence the relationship between adiponectin, adiposity, and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372, USA.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Himmelfarb
authors.forename: T Alp
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein