title: A highly porous silica and chitosan-based hemostatic dressing is superior in controlling hemorrhage in a severe groin injury model in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the efficacy of 3 hemostatic dressings in a severe groin injury model in swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three swine received TraumaStat (OreMedix, Lebanon, OR), Chitoflex (HemCon, Inc., Portland, OR), or standard gauze for hemostasis. Complete femoral vessel transections were followed by 30 seconds of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The groin was packed with the randomized dressing followed by 30 seconds of compression. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution commenced immediately postcompression to the preinjury mean arterial blood pressure. Hemostasis failure was defined as blood pooling outside the wound. Animals were monitored and maintained at the preinjury mean arterial pressure for 120 minutes, culminating with euthanization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in baseline values between groups. TraumaStat resulted in less hemostasis failure (P < .05), decreased postcompression blood loss (P < .05), and decreased fluid requirement (P < .05). No significant difference in mortality was seen between groups. There were no differences between standard gauze and Chitoflex with respect to dressing failure, posttreatment blood loss, or fluid resuscitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TraumaStat performed significantly better than Chitoflex and standard gauze in controlling hemorrhage from a severe groin injury in swine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma/Critical Care Section, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Chitra N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sambasivan
authors.forename: S David
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zink
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Differding
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006119:Groin / Q000293:injuries*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D048271:Chitosan