title: Fatal pulmonary fibrosis after rituximab administration.
abstract: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most frequent glomerular disease during childhood. Although immunosuppressive agents are usually effective, some severe cases remain difficult to treat. We describe a female patient with secondary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome who no longer responded to conventional treatment. Owing to cyclosporine toxicity, rituximab was administered. Three days after treatment the patient's clinical condition dramatically worsened and she developed acute respiratory distress. Despite all means used to treat her, she died 5 weeks after rituximab infusion. A pulmonary biopsy showed extensive fibrosis, while the alveolar epithelium was no longer visible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Camille
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chaumais
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chalard
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peuchmaur
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dauger
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacqz-Agrain
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deschênes
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab