title: Oral carcinogenicity and toxicity of 2-amino-4-chlorophenol in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to clarify the subchronic and chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity of 2-amino-4-chlorophenol(ACP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Carcinogenicity, and chronic and subchronic toxicity of ACP were examined by feeding 10 rats of both sexes ACP-containing diet at a dose level of 0 (control), 512, 1,280, 3,200, 8,000 or 20,000 ppm (w/w) for 13 wk and 50 rats of both sexes at a dose level of 0, 1,280, 3,200 or 8,000 ppm for 2 yr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 13-wk oral subchronic toxicity of ACP was characterized by proliferative lesions leading to development of tumors in the forestomach and urinary bladder and by erythrocyte toxicity as evidenced by decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit and concurrent increases in methemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts. Both simple and papillary and/or nodular types of transitional cell hyperplasias were observed in the urinary bladder of ACP-fed male rats. The proliferative lesions appeared at higher doses of ACP after the 13-wk administration than clear erythrocyte toxicity did. The 2-yr oral administration of ACP significantly increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach of male and female rats and transitional cell carcinomas in the urinary bladder of male rats. These tumor incidences increased dose-dependently. Notably, clear signs of erythrocyte toxicity were not evident after the 2-yr administration of ACP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of ACP was shown in male and female rats. These data might be useful for the health risk assessment of workers exposed to ACP.
authors.affiliation: Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan. k-yamazaki@jisha.or.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Michiharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Kasuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Heihachiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arito
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; C027296:2-amino-4-chlorophenol