title: Ultraviolet light output of compact fluorescent lamps: comparison to conventional incandescent and halogen residential lighting sources.
abstract: Patients with photosensitive dermatologic and systemic diseases often question the ultraviolet light (UVL) output of household lighting sources. Such individuals have increasing concern about potential UVL exposure from energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), as little data have been presented concerning their UVL output. The objective was to compare, via pilot study, the levels of ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) leak between residential lighting sources. Equivalent wattage CFL, incandescent and halogen bulbs were purchased from local retailers in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. The UVA and UVB outputs of these sources were measured under controlled conditions at 10, 25, 50, 100 and 150 cm away from the light source using an IL-1700 research radiometer equipped with UVA and UVB detectors. Negligible UVB and UVA was detected at 100 and 150 cm. Therefore, data were analysed from measurements at 10, 25 and 50 cm only. The results demonstrated UVA leak highest from incandescent and halogen bulbs, and UVB leak highest from CFL. The overall UVA/UVB leak was lowest from CFL shielded during the manufacturing process. In conclusion, patients with photosensitivity have choices depending on their relative risk from different UVL wavelength spectra. UVB exposure risk may be reduced the greatest by utilising CFL with manufacturer-provided shields.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nuzum-Keim
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sontheimer
mesh_terms: D005453:Fluorescence; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006219:Halogens; D006801:Humans; D049450:Incandescence / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012112:Residential Facilities; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006219:Halogens