title: Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of orbifloxacin in beagle dogs after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orbifloxacin were studied in beagle dogs after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. An absolute bioavailability of 100.1% +/- 4.76%, a terminal half-life of 4.23 +/- 0.2 h and 3.95 +/- 0.15 h after i.v. and i.m. administration, a steady-state volume of distribution of 1.61 +/- 0.13 liters/kg, and clearance of 0.31 +/- 0.03 liters/h/kg were observed. Orbifloxacin showed rapid, concentration-dependent killing against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. Computations based on PK-PD analysis indicated that the recommended dose is unlikely to be clinically effective against some strains like S. intermedius. Therefore, a higher dose of orbifloxacin would be worthy of consideration for treatment of certain bacterial infections in dogs.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gebru
authors.forename: Joong-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Seung-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C095163:orbifloxacin