title: Fatty fish intake decreases lipids related to inflammation and insulin signaling--a lipidomics approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evidence of the multiple beneficial health effects of fish consumption is strong, but physiological mechanisms behind these effects are not completely known. Little information is available on the effects of consumption of different type of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate how fatty fish or lean fish in a diet affect serum lipidomic profiles in subjects with coronary heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pilot study was designed which included altogether 33 subjects with myocardial infarction or unstable ischemic attack in an 8-week parallel controlled intervention. The subjects were randomized to either fatty fish (n = 11), lean fish (n = 12) or control (n = 10) groups. Subjects in the fish groups had 4 fish meals per week and subjects in the control group consumed lean beef, pork and chicken. A fish meal was allowed once a week maximum. Lipidomics analyses were performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Multiple bioactive lipid species, including ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerols, decreased significantly in the fatty fish group, whereas in the lean fish group cholesterol esters and specific long-chain triacylglycerols increased significantly (False Discovery Rate q-value <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 8-week consumption of fatty fish decreased lipids which are potential mediators of lipid-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, and may be related to the protective effects of fatty fish on the progression of atherosclerotic vascular diseases or insulin resistance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00720655.
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lankinen
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erkkilä
authors.forename: Tuulikki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppänen-Laakso
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hannila
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mussalo
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gylling
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oresic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids