title: Emerging treatments for multiple myeloma: beyond immunomodulatory drugs and bortezomib.
abstract: The successful clinical development of thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide not only transformed the therapeutic management of multiple myeloma (MM) but also catalyzed a renewed interest in the development of additional classes of novel agents for this disease. This review focuses on a series of new therapeutics that have shown promising preclinical results, as well as encouraging safety profiles and early evidence of anti-MM activity in clinical studies, either alone or in combination with other, conventional or novel, anti-MM treatments. These agents include second-generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, as well as members of other therapeutic classes, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors, and the alkylphospholipid Akt inhibitor perifosine.
authors.affiliation: Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Constantine_Mitsiades@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Constantine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McMillin
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klippel
authors.forename: Jacob P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Laubach
authors.forename: Nikhil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011719:Pyrazines; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C105905:perifosine; D000069286:Bortezomib; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D006655:Histone Deacetylases