title: Extraction, identification, and quantification of flavonoids and phenolic acids in electron beam-irradiated almond skin powder.
abstract: The effect of electron beam irradiation doses from 0 to 30 kGy on extraction yield and phenolic compounds was evaluated in almond skin phenolic extracts (ASPE). Total soluble phenols and distribution of phenolic compounds from acidified methanol ASPE and 52% methanol ASPE were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteau method, liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection, and negative ion electrospray-mass spectrometry. Electron beam irradiation increased extraction yield by as much as 23%, with the greatest increase observed in the acidified methanol ASPE. Irradiated samples extracted with acidified methanol also exhibited an increase in extractable phenols (Folin-Ciocalteau) and total HPLC-resolved phenolics at all irradiation doses. Samples extracted with 52% methanol exhibited an increase at 10 and 20 kGy, but a 31% decrease at 30 kGy. An increase in aglycones respective to their glycosides was not observed with irradiation. Therefore, the increase in phenolics was attributed to release of phenolics from their cellular matrix.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Program, Chapman Univ., One Univ. Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Teets
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Minardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundararaman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hughey
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Were
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000432:Methanol; D008982:Molybdenum; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017973:Tungsten Compounds
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; C029556:Folin's phenol reagent; D010636:Phenols; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D008982:Molybdenum; D000432:Methanol