title: Melamine detection in infant formula powder using near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy methods (NIR, FTIR-ATR, FTIR-DRIFT) were evaluated for the detection and quantification of melamine in infant formula powder. Partial least-squares (PLS) models were established for correlating spectral data to melamine concentration: R(2) > 0.99, RMSECV ≤ 0.9, and RPD ≥ 12. Factorization analysis of spectra was able to differentiate unadulterated infant formula powder from samples containing 1 ppm melamine with no misclassifications, a confidence level of 99.99%, and selectivity > 2. These nondestructive methods require little or no sample preparation. The NIR method has an assay time of 1 min, and a 2 min total time to detection. The FTIR methods require up to 5 min for melamine detection. Therefore, NIR and FTIR methods enable rapid detection of 1 ppm melamine in infant formula powder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. mauerl@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mauer
authors.forename: Alona A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chernyshova
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deering
authors.forename: Reeta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C011907:melamine