title: Long-term prognosis of medically treated patients with functional mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess long-term prognosis in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, receiving current standard pharmacological therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively enrolled 404 consecutive patients (mean age 70.2 +/- 10 years) with ischaemic (76.5%) and non-ischaemic (23.5%) LV dysfunction (ejection fraction 34.4 +/- 10.8%) and at least mild MR. Results are reported at 4 years' follow-up. Survival free of all-cause mortality was 53% and cardiac death was 74%. Survival free of all-cause mortality was 50% (95% CI 35-72) for patients with moderate MR, 49% (95% CI 27-65) for severe MR, and 64% (95% CI 47-78) for mild MR (P = 0.03). Survival free of cardiac death was 57% (95% CI 38-74) for patients with moderate MR, 55% (95% CI 30-77) for severe MR, and 94% (95% CI 59-98) for mild MR (P = 0.003). Moderate-to-severe MR [relative risk (RR) 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.1, P = 0.003] was an independent predictor of cardiac death but not of all-cause mortality. Survival free of heart failure (HF) was 32%. Survival free of HF was 20% (95% CI 17-35) for patients with moderate MR, 18% (95% CI 15-32) for severe MR, and 62% (95% CI 45-72) for mild MR (P = 0.0001). Moderate-to-severe MR (RR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9-5.2, P = 0.0001) was an independent predictor of HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality and morbidity of patients with LV dysfunction and FMR remain high despite current standard pharmacological therapy. Moderate-to-severe MR is an independent predictor of cardiac death and HF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Non-Invasive Cardiology, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy. agricola.eustachio@hsr.it
authors.forename: Eustachio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agricola
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ielasi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oppizzi
authors.forename: Pompilio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faggiano
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vizzardi
authors.forename: Ottavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margonato
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors