Cardiorespiratory risk factors as predictors of 40-year mortality in women and men.
OBJECTIVE
Most historical studies of cardiorespiratory risk factors as predictors of mortality have been based on men. This study examines whether they predict mortality over long periods in women and men.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study.


METHODS
Participants were employees of the General Post Office.


METHODS
Risk factor data were collected via clinical examination and questionnaire, 1966-7. Associations between cardiorespiratory risk factors and 40-year mortality were determined for 644 women and 1272 men aged 35-70 at examination.


METHODS
All-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and respiratory mortality.


RESULTS
Associations between systolic blood pressure and all-cause and stroke mortality were equally strong for women and men, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.25 (1.1 to 1.4) and 1.18 (1.1 to 1.3); and 2.17 (1.7 to 2.8) and 1.69 (1.4 to 2.1), respectively. Cholesterol was higher in women and was associated with all-cause 1.22 (1.1 to 1.4) and CVD 1.39 (1.2 to 1.7) mortality, while associations between 2-hour glucose and all-cause 1.15 (1.1 to 1.2), coronary heart disease (CHD) 1.25 (1.1 to 1.4) and respiratory mortality 1.21 (1.0 to 1.5) were observed in men. Obesity was associated with stroke in women (2.42 (1.12 to 5.24)) and CHD in men (1.59 (1.02 to 2.49)), while ECG ischaemia was associated with CVD in both sexes. The strongest, most consistent predictor of mortality was smoking in women and poor lung function in men. However, evidence of sex differences in associations between the cardiorespiratory risk factors measured and mortality was sparse.


CONCLUSIONS
Data from a 40-year follow-up period show remarkably persistent associations between risk factors and cardiorespiratory and all-cause mortality in women and men.
Ferrie
J E
JE
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK; j.ferrie@ucl.ac.uk.
Singh-Manoux
A
A
Kivimäki
M
M
Mindell
J
J
Breeze
E
E
Smith
G Davey
GD
Shipley
M J
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology