title: Bladder conservation treatment in the elderly population: results and prognostic factors of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the long-term results of bladder conservation strategies in elderly patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and evaluate the different factors affecting locoregional control and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 39 elderly patients aged 70 or older, treated with curative intent with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder for T2-T4aN0 carcinoma of the bladder. Twenty-seven men and 12 women were identified with a median age of 78 (range 70-87). Sixteen of the patients had a previous history of superficial bladder cancer. Twenty-five patients had T2 lesions, 13 patients had T3 lesions, and 1 patient had T4a lesion. The majority of patients were unsuitable for surgery because of medical reasons (67%), whereas the others refused radical cystectomy (33%). Patients were treated with radical radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up time of 35.5 months for patients at risk, the 5-year overall survival is 28.9% for all stages, 31.9% for T2 lesions, and 26.8% for T3-T4a lesions. Significant prognostic factors for overall survival on univariate analysis were performance status and age. Five-year cause-specific survival is 37.5% for all stages, 41.5% for T2 lesions, and 34.7% for T3-T4a lesions. No significant prognostic factors for cause-specific survival were indentified on univariate analysis. Toxicity was acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Younger age and good performance status were favorable prognostic factors for overall survival. Bladder conservation strategies achieved satisfactory results and were well-tolerated in this elderly population with invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanguay
authors.forename: Raghu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009926:Organ Preservation; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*