title: Shakuyaku-kanzo-to induces pseudoaldosteronism characterized by hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation, and increased urinary cortisol levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Licorice, the primary ingredient of the Japanese herbal medicine shakuyaku-kanzo-to, can cause pseudoaldosteronism. Thus, shakuyaku-kanzo-to can cause this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 79-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room. She had been experiencing general fatigue, numbness in the hands, and weakness in the lower limbs and could not stand up without assistance. She presented with hypokalemia (potassium level, 1.7 mEq/L), increased urinary excretion of potassium (fractional excretion of K, 21.2%), abnormalities on an electrocardiogram (flat T waves in II, III, AVF, and V1-6), rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase level, 28,376 U/L), myopathy, metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation (O(2) flow rate, 2 L/min; pH, 7.473; pco(2), 61.0 mm Hg; po(2), 78.0 mm Hg; HCO(3), 44.1 mmol/L), hypertension (174/93 mm Hg), hyperglycemia (blood glucose level, 200-300 mg/dL), frequent urination, suppressed plasma renin activity (0.1 ng/mL/hour), decreased aldosterone levels (2.6 ng/dL), and increased urinary cortisol levels (600.6 microg/day; reference range, 26.0-187.0 microg/day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case, the observed reduction in the urinary cortisol levels, from 600.6 to 37.8 microg/day, led to a definitive diagnosis of pseudoaldosteronism instead of the apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome. Discontinuing shakuyaku-kanzo-to treatment and administering spironolactone and potassium proved effective in improving the patient's condition. Medical practitioners prescribing shakuyaku-kanzo-to should take into account the association between licorice, which is its main ingredient, and pseudoaldosteronism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hkinoshita-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okabayashi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Mutsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Fumiatsu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yakushiji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000471:Alkalosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine*; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D029596:Paeonia; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D011546:Pseudohypoaldosteronism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; C038462:shakuyaku-kanzoh-toh; D013148:Spironolactone; D011188:Potassium; D006854:Hydrocortisone