title: Use of the lambda Red-recombineering method for genetic engineering of Pantoea ananatis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pantoea ananatis, a member of the Enterobacteriacea family, is a new and promising subject for biotechnological research. Over recent years, impressive progress in its application to L-glutamate production has been achieved. Nevertheless, genetic and biotechnological studies of Pantoea ananatis have been impeded because of the absence of genetic tools for rapid construction of direct mutations in this bacterium. The lambda Red-recombineering technique previously developed in E. coli and used for gene inactivation in several other bacteria is a high-performance tool for rapid construction of precise genome modifications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the expression of lambda Red genes in P. ananatis was found to be highly toxic. A screening was performed to select mutants of P. ananatis that were resistant to the toxic affects of lambda Red. A mutant strain, SC17(0) was identified that grew well under conditions of simultaneous expression of lambda gam, bet, and exo genes. Using this strain, procedures for fast introduction of multiple rearrangements to the Pantoea ananatis genome based on the lambda Red-dependent integration of the PCR-generated DNA fragments with as short as 40 bp flanking homologies have been demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lambda Red-recombineering technology was successfully used for rapid generation of chromosomal modifications in the specially selected P. ananatis recipient strain. The procedure of electro-transformation with chromosomal DNA has been developed for transfer of the marked mutation between different P. ananatis strains. Combination of these techniques with lambda Int/Xis-dependent excision of selective markers significantly accelerates basic research and construction of producing strains.
authors.affiliation: Closed Joint-Stock Company Ajinomoto-Genetika Research Institute, Moscow, Russia. joanna_katashkina@agri.ru
authors.forename: Joanna I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Katashkina
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Lyubov I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Golubeva
authors.forename: Irina G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kuvaeva
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mashko
mesh_terms: D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation; D020636:Pantoea / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012641:Selection, Genetic