title: Collapse of germline piRNAs in the absence of Argonaute3 reveals somatic piRNAs in flies.
abstract: Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence transposons in animal germ cells. piRNAs are thought to derive from long transcripts spanning transposon-rich genomic loci and to direct an autoamplification loop in which an antisense piRNA, bound to Aubergine or Piwi protein, triggers production of a sense piRNA bound to the PIWI protein Argonaute3 (Ago3). In turn, the new piRNA is envisioned to produce a second antisense piRNA. Here, we describe strong loss-of-function mutations in ago3, allowing a direct genetic test of this model. We find that Ago3 acts to amplify piRNA pools and to enforce on them an antisense bias, increasing the number of piRNAs that can act to silence transposons. We also detect a second, Ago3-independent piRNA pathway centered on Piwi. Transposons targeted by this second pathway often reside in the flamenco locus, which is expressed in somatic ovarian follicle cells, suggesting a role for piRNAs beyond the germline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Chengjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Vasily V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Vagin
authors.forename: Soohyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shengmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hualin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Horwich
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Syrzycka
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Ellen L W
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zapp
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klattenhoff
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Theurkauf
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Zamore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D009154:Mutation; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D018626:Retroelements
chemical_list: C518392:AGO3 protein, Drosophila; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018626:Retroelements