title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), with significant advantages in morbidity-mortality and quality of life when compared to lesion techniques such as thalamotomy and/or pallidotomy. The procedure is indicated in patients with severe resting tremor, unresponsive to conventional medical treatment or with motor complications. The most commonly reported complications in the intra- and post-surgical period are aborted procedure, misplaced leads, intracranial haemorrhage, seizures and hardware complications, whereas in the long-term period, cognitive and psychiatric complications can be observed. The most important eligibility criteria for DBS are: a correct diagnosis of idiopathic PD, severity of illness, a consistent levodopa response and absence of cognitive impairment. Chronological age and mood disorders may be relative contraindications to be individually evaluated. Tremor, rigidity dystonias and dyskinesias improve dramatically after DBS; freezing, postural instability and falls remain unchanged, whereas verbal fluency and dysarthria are known to worsen.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Misericordia Ospedale, Azienda USL 9 Grosseto, Via Senese 171, 58100, Grosseto, Italy. r.marconi@usl9.toscana.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valzania
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*