title: Operational tolerance after liver transplantation.
abstract: The achievement of an immunosuppression (IS)-free state after transplantation represents the ultimate goal of any immunosuppressive regimen. While clinical operational tolerance (COT) remains the exception after other types of solid organ transplantation, several cases of COT have been described after liver transplantation (LT). Overall, the experience gained so far worldwide demonstrates that COT can be achieved safely in one quarter of selected individuals, irrespective of the immunological background of donor and recipient, patient age, indication for LT, study endpoint, length of the weaning period and of pre/post-weaning follow-up, presence or not of chimerism. However, most transplant physicians still believe that the achievement of COT is still out of reach for the majority of LT recipients because of the potential risk for transplant survival, the non-randomized nature of most of the studies reported so far, and the selective nature of the patients enrolled in such studies, making them non-representative of the whole population of LT recipients. Despite these concerns, the present article demonstrates that this attitude is potentially no longer justified, given the growing evidence that a permanent and stable IS-free state can be achieved in a proportion of individuals who have received a LT for non-immune mediated liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. gorlando@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soker
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents