title: Outcome of third renal allograft retransplants versus primary transplants from paired donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Third kidney retransplants have technical and immunologic hurdles that may preclude success, which is of particular importance in the contemporary context of discrepancy between organ supply and demand.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of third renal transplant recipients (TRTR) were compared with those receiving a first transplant from paired donor kidneys to assess transplant success and complication rates. The Ontario-based Trillium Gift of Life Network database was used to identify deceased donors (n=28) who donated one kidney to a TRTR and the mate kidney to a primary renal transplant recipient (PRTR) from June 1977 to August 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As anticipated, TRTR were sensitized versus PRTR based on % panel reactive antibodies (24%+/-34% vs. 7%+/-14%, P=0.03). Delayed graft function (46% vs. 22%, P=0.05) and biopsy-proven rejection episodes (50% vs. 29%, P=0.01) occurred more frequently with TRTR despite greater frequency of induction therapy (74% vs. 35%, P=0.004). However, 1- and 5-year patient survival were similar at 93%, 83% and 96%, 87% for TRTR and PRTR, respectively. Accordingly, 1- and 5-year allograft survival censored for mortality, were comparable at 78%, 66% and 78%, 75%. Renal function was similar in both groups. Bacterial infections (43% vs. 18%, P=0.001) and wound problems (28% vs. 11%, P=0.09) were the only postoperative complications to occur more frequently in the TRTR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that third renal transplantation should not be discouraged based on functional outcomes alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horovitz
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Caumartin
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Adeel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jevnikar
authors.forename: Patrick P W
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Luke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007432:Intraoperative Period / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult