title: Birth weight and characteristics of endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human umbilical cord vessels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing high blood pressure in adult life. The molecular and cellular analysis of umbilical cord artery and vein may provide information about the early vascular characteristics of an individual. We have assessed several phenotype characteristics of the four vascular cell types derived from human umbilical cords of newborns with different birth weight. Further follow-up studies could show the association of those vascular properties with infancy and adulthood blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures were obtained from umbilical cords from two groups of newborns of birth weight less than 2.8 kg or higher than 3.5 kg. The expression of specific endothelial cell markers (von Willebrand factor, CD31, and the binding and internalization of acetylated low-density lipoprotein) and the smooth muscle cell specific alpha-actin have been evaluated. Cell culture viability, proliferation kinetic, growth fraction (expression of Ki67) and percentage of senescent cells (detection of beta-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0) have been determined. Endothelial cell projection area was determined by morphometric analysis of cell cultures after CD31 immunodetection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest variation was found in cell density at the confluence of endothelial cell cultures derived from umbilical cord arteries (66,789 +/- 5,093 cells/cm(2) vs. 45,630 +/- 11,927 cells/cm(2), p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis indicated that the projection area of the artery endothelial cells (1,161 +/- 198 and 1,544 +/- 472 microm(2), p < 0.05), but not those derived from the vein from individuals with a birth weight lower than 2.8 kg was lower than that of cells from individuals with a birth weight higher than 3.5 kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of umbilical cord artery endothelial cells, which demonstrated differences in cell size related to birth weight, can provide hints about the cellular and molecular links between lower birth weight and increased adult high blood pressure risk.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. martin_joslla@gva.es
authors.forename: José Javier
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martín de Llano
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuertes
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torró
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García Vicent
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fayos
authors.forename: Empar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lurbe
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology