title: Improved in vivo two-photon imaging after blood replacement by perfluorocarbon.
abstract: Two-photon microscopy is a powerful method in biomedical research that allows functional and anatomical imaging at a subcellular resolution in vivo. The technique is seriously hampered by absorption and scattering of light by blood, which prevents imaging through large vessels. Here, we demonstrate in the rat cerebral cortex that blood replacement by perfluorocarbon emulsion, a compound also used in human critical care medicine, yields superior image quality, while preserving neuronal integrity. Shadows of large superficial vessels disappear completely and cells can be imaged underneath them. For the first time, it is possible to image complete populations of neurons and astrocytes in the upper layers of neocortex in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haiss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jolivet
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wyss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichold
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Braham
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scheffold
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D005466:Fluorocarbons