title: The impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical cancer prevention efforts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review concepts, information, obstacles, and approaches to cervical cancer screening and prevention as vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 is adopted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expert forum, conducted September 12-13, 2008, hosted by the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists, including 56 experts in cervical cancer and titled Future Strategies of Cervical Cancer Prevention: What Do We Need to Do Now to Prepare?
  
  
  RESULTS
  The current approach to cervical cancer screening in the U.S. is limited by its opportunistic nature. If given to women before exposure, a vaccine against HPV 16,18 can decrease cervical cancer risk by up to 70%. The impact on abnormal cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) will be less but still substantial. As the prevalence of high-grade CIN falls, fewer women with positive screening tests will have truly preinvasive disease. To minimize harm from false positive tests in women who are at low risk for cancer because of early vaccination, later initiation of and longer intervals between screenings are ideal. However, the vaccine is less effective when administered after first intercourse, and delivering and documenting HPV vaccination to girls at optimal ages may prove difficult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Until population-based data on the performance of cytology, HPV testing, and alternate screening or triage interventions become available, modifying current screening guidelines is premature. Current recommendations to initiate screening as late as age 21 and to screen less often than annually are appropriate for young women known to have been vaccinated before first intercourse.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. massadl@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: L Stewart
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Massad
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Einstein
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Cosette M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000276:immunology; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines