title: An iron-based beverage, HydroFerrate fluid (MRN-100), alleviates oxidative stress in murine lymphocytes in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have examined the correlation between iron oxidation and H(2)O(2) degradation. The present study was carried out to examine the protective effects of MRN-100 against stress-induced apoptosis in murine splenic cells in vitro. MRN-100, or HydroFerrate fluid, is an iron-based beverage composed of bivalent and trivalent ferrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Splenic lymphocytes from mice were cultured in the presence or absence of MRN-100 for 2 hrs and were subsequently exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2) ) at a concentration of 25 microM for 14 hrs. Percent cell death was examined by flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion. The effect of MRN-100 on Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels was determined by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show, as expected, that culture of splenic cells with H(2)O(2) alone results in a significant increase in cell death (apoptosis) as compared to control (CM) cells. In contrast, pre-treatment of cells with MRN-100 followed by H(2)O(2) treatment results in significantly reduced levels of apoptosis.In addition, MRN-100 partially prevents H(2)O(2) -induced down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that MRN-100 may offer a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA. mghoneum@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Mamdooh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoneum
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Sastry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gollapudi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001628:Beverages; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058085:Iron Compounds; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014343:Trypan Blue; D002118:Calcium