Anemia in chronic heart failure.
Anemia is frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure and is increasingly recognized as an important and treatable condition. The present review will summarize the current knowledge of the prevalence, causative factors, and pathophysiologic correlates of anemia in chronic heart failure. Despite increasing knowledge of anemia there are very few evidence-based recommendations for treatment. Potential benefits of therapy with supplemental hematinics such as iron, subcutaneous erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, or both will also be discussed.
Drakos
Stavros G
SG
3rd Cardiology Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Anastasiou-Nana
Maria I
MI
Malliaras
Konstantinos G
KG
Nanas
John N
JN
D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015984:Causality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
D006397:Hematinics; D058085:Iron Compounds; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa