The human selenoproteome: recent insights into functions and regulation.
Selenium (Se) is a nutritional trace mineral essential for various aspects of human health that exerts its effects mainly through its incorporation into selenoproteins as the amino acid, selenocysteine. Twenty-five selenoprotein genes have been identified in humans and several selenoproteins are broadly classified as antioxidant enzymes. As progress is made on characterizing the individual members of this protein family, however, it is becoming clear that their properties and functions are quite diverse. This review summarizes recent insights into properties of individual selenoproteins such as tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and regulation of expression. Also discussed are potential roles the different selenoproteins play in human health and disease.
Reeves
M A
MA
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Hoffmann
P R
PR
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism; D051140:Selenoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D007527:Isoenzymes; D020543:Proteome; D051140:Selenoproteins; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; D012643:Selenium