title: Comparison of in vitro activities of tigecycline with other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in two university hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared the in vitro activities of tigecycline with those of other agents against 97 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 140 Haemophilus influenzae and 54 Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in two large university hospitals in Istanbul.
  
  
  METHODS
  For analysis, the agar dilution method was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For S. pneumoniae isolates, 32% were not susceptible to penicillin (28.9% intermediate and 3.1% resistant). Cefotaxime, telithromycin, moxifloxacin and linezolid were fully active. Tigecycline had a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(90)) of 0.12 microg/ml. For H. influenzae, 8.57% were not susceptible to ampicillin, among which 8 possessed beta-lactamase (5.7%). Four (2.87%) H. influenzae isolates with beta-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant phenotype were found. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. MIC(90) for tigecycline was 0.5 microg/ml. Of 54 M. catarrhalis isolates, 88.9% possessed beta-lactamase. Tigecycline and fluoroquinolones were highly active (MIC(90) < or =0.12 microg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linezolid, telithromycin, newer fluoroquinolones and tigecycline all have excellent in vitro activities against the 3 respiratory pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. nevriegonullu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nevriye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonullu
authors.forename: Fadimana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catal
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kucukbasmaci
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Muzeyyen Mamal
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.forename: Rahmiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berkiten
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000078304:Tigecycline; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000078304:Tigecycline; D008911:Minocycline