title: The effect of forced-air warming during arthroscopic shoulder surgery with general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the change in body temperature between the cotton blanket group and forced-air warming blanket group during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. In both groups irrigation fluid at room temperature (22 degrees C) was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 44 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients scheduled for elective shoulder arthroscopic surgery to receive 1 cotton blanket (group I, n = 22) or a forced-air warming blanket (group II, n = 22). Body temperatures were measured with an esophageal stethoscope, which was inserted immediately after intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in body temperatures was observed at 60 minutes after induction (P = .0192), 90 minutes after induction (P = .0004), 120 minutes after induction (P = .0003), and 150 minutes after induction (P = .0228). Shivering on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit was found in 15 patients in group I (68.1%) and only 1 patient in group II (4.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that forced-air warming is significantly more efficient than a cotton blanket alone at maintaining perioperative normothermia during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level I, randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Moo Il
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yong Girl
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery