title: Deposition and solubility of airborne metals to four plant species grown at varying distances from two heavily trafficked roads in London.
abstract: In urban areas, a highly variable mixture of pollutants is deposited as particulate matter. The concentration and bioavailability of individual pollutants within particles need to be characterised to ascertain the risks to ecological receptors. This study, carried out at two urban parks, measured the deposition and water-solubility of metals to four species common to UK urban areas. Foliar Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were elevated in at least one species compared with those from a rural control site. Concentrations were, however, only affected by distance to road in nettle and, to a lesser extent, birch leaves. Greater concentrations of metal were observed in these species compared to cypress and maple possibly due to differences in plant morphology and leaf surfaces. Solubility appeared to be linked to the size fraction and, therefore, origin of the metal with those present predominantly in the coarse fraction exhibiting low solubility.
authors.affiliation: Forest Research, Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peachey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinnett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Freer-Smith
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hutchings
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D029780:Chamaecyparis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008131:London; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D026982:Urtica dioica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil