title: Baseline factors associated with congestive heart failure in patients receiving etoricoxib or diclofenac: multivariate analysis of the MEDAL program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). We aimed to assess the impact of treatment with etoricoxib or diclofenac on risk of CHF relative to baseline risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a multivariate analysis of 34 701 patients with arthritis receiving etoricoxib 60 or 90 mg, or diclofenac 150 mg, daily for a mean of 18 months, to assess the incidence of confirmed, adjudicated CHF events resulting in emergency room visit or hospitalization. Analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) between the levels of each risk marker for the incidence of CHF. Significant risk markers included history of CHF (HR: 6.69, 95% CI 3.59-12.47; P <0.0001), age > or = 65 years (2.56, 1.65-3.98; P <0.0001), and history of hypertension (1.83, 1.16-2.89; P = 0.0094) or diabetes (1.83, 1.15-2.94; P = 0.0116). Etoricoxib vs. diclofenac was a significant risk factor only when pooling the etoricoxib 90 mg cohorts (1.88; 1.13-3.10; P = 0.0143). Etoricoxib 60 mg did not significantly increase risk vs. diclofenac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History of CHF was highly associated with risk for CHF hospitalization. Hypertension, diabetes, and older age also increased risk modestly. There appeared to be a dose-related increase in CHF with etoricoxib compared with diclofenac, which reached statistical significance when the etoricoxib 90 mg groups (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) were pooled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Therapeutics, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Vic 3004, Australia. henry.krum@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Amarjot
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smugar
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: D Craig
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Brater
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D013450:Sulfones; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077613:Etoricoxib