title: Involvement of NADPH oxidase in oxidized LDL-induced upregulation of heat shock factor-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is implicated in thrombogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Previous studies indicated that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stimulated the generation of PAI-1 in vascular endothelial cells (EC). The present study demonstrated that LDL oxidized by copper, iron, or 3-morpholinosydnonimine increased the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, PAI-1, and heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) in human umbilical vein EC or coronary artery EC compared with LDL or vehicle. Diphenyleneiodonium, a NOX inhibitor, prevented the increases of the expression of HSF1 and PAI-1 in EC induced by oxidized LDLs. Small-interference RNA (siRNA) for p22(phox), an essential subunit of NOX, prevented oxidized LDL-induced expression of NOX2, HSF1, and PAI-1 in EC. HSF1 siRNA inhibited oxidized LDL-induced expression of PAI-1 and HSF1, but not NOX2, in EC. The binding of HSF1 to PAI-1 promoter and the activity of PAI-1 promoter in EC were enhanced by oxidized LDL. Butylated hydroxytulene, a potent antioxidant, inhibited oxidized LDL-induced release of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the expression of NOX2, HSF1, and PAI-1 in EC. Treatment with H(2)O(2) increased the abundance of NOX2, HSF1, and PAI-1 in EC. The results of the present study indicate that oxidized LDL-induced expression of NOX may lead to the elevated release of reactive oxygen species, the activation of HSF1, and the enhancement of the transcription of PAI-1 gene in cultured vascular EC.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, University of Manitoba, 835-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruozhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Garry X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C000619706:HSF1 protein, human; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C086986:CYBA protein, human