title: Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphisms with acute viral hepatitis in the Indian population.
abstract: The key elements that determine the host response to either the self-limited or a severe fulminant form of liver disease are unclear. We have investigated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in their susceptibility to acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) patients exhibiting specific viral etiology. A total of 124 individuals including 64 cases comprising 27 FHF, 37 AVH, and 60 healthy controls were recruited. SNPs at -238 (G/A), -308 (G/A), -857 (C/T), and -863 (C/A) of TNFalpha were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and confirmed by direct sequencing. Serum levels of TNFalpha were determined at admission and death or recovery. Association between the TNFalpha genotype and susceptibility to FHF was not evident; however, carrier genotypes in relation to the -308 (GA/AA) and -857 (CT/TT) loci were found to be significantly (P < or = 0.05) associated with susceptibility to AVH in relation to controls. The mean TNFalpha serum levels at admission were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in FHF than AVH patients, but no marked difference was observed between FHF-E (expired; n = 17) and FHF-S (survivors; n = 10), though the former were comparatively higher. This study suggests that SNPs at -308 and -857 of the TNFalpha promoter may represent an increased risk for the development of AVH but not for FHF in the Indian population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, BL Taneja Block, BSZ Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India. sdsinghal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Shashideep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kohaar
authors.forename: Mausumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Bhudev C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Premashis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha