title: How often does spirometry testing induce cardiac arrhythmias?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the frequency and type of arrhythmia induced by forced expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume loop manoeuvres.
  
  
  METHODS
  735 subjects (548 men) aged from 10 to 98 years old (mean 54 years, SD +/- 15) were submitted to a conventional medical examination and spirometry testing prior to a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). A continuous digital electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded during spirometry and CPET, and later reviewed and interpreted by the same physician (who supervised all the procedures).
  
  
  RESULTS
  470 subjects (64%) had cardiac arrhythmias during one or both procedures. About 60% of the arrhythmias were supraventricular, but 35 subjects (5%) presented more complex arrhythmias including frequent premature ventricular beats (n=31) or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (n=4). While arrhythmias were more often exposed by the CPET (p<0.01), in 68 cases (10% of the total sample) arrhythmias were only induced by spirometry; these included four cases of non-sustained supraventricular tachycardia (n=4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spirometry is a safe procedure with regard to induction of cardiac arrhythmias. Spirometry-induced arrhythmias tend to be simple and were always short-lasting. In some cases, ECG recording during spirometry showed arrhythmias that would not be induced by a progressive maximal exercise test.
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Medicina do Exercício - CLINIMEX, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. cgaraujo@iis.com.br
authors.forename: Claudio Gil
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Lauro C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vianna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D013147:Spirometry / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult