title: Long-term effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on depression in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) on depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to discuss the mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A STN-DBS group (n = 27) and anti-Parkinson's medication control group with paired designing were set up. The evaluation of the depression and motor function was performed a total of six times. Depression was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Motor function was evaluated by the third part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the preoperative and the medication control group, the UPDRS-III scores of the STN-DBS group decreased remarkably within 18 months postoperatively (P < or = 0.001), and the SDS scores decreased notably within 6 months postoperatively (P < or = 0.05), and the HAMD scores decreased notably within 3 months postoperatively (P < or = 0.05). The UPDRS-III scores were strongly correlated with their SDS scores within 6 months postoperatively (P < or = 0.05), especially at 5 weeks postoperation (P < or = 0.001). UPDRS-III scores were also strongly correlated with HAMD scores at 5 weeks postoperation (P < or = 0.05). The mean value of the bilateral voltages was obviously correlated with SDS and HAMD scores (P < or = 0.05) within 18 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvement in motor symptoms resulting from STN-DBS can improve depression in PD patients, but its long-term effects were unremarkable. Within the treatment range, the higher the mean value of bilateral voltages then the more severe was the depression in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xuelian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chongwang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Julei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiuhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Weining
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Heming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome