title: Assessing the performance of the Whisperflow continuous positive airway pressure generator: a bench study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few data describing the performance of the Whisperflow continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) generator.
  
  
  METHODS
  (i) (a) A static test of 11 Whisperflow devices examining maximum flow generation with no load and with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O valve loading, at varying Fi(O2). (b) CPAP valves (Accu-peep(R), Vital Signs, Totowa, NJ, USA) were tested by measuring mean upstream pressure at varying flows in five valves (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O). (ii) We measured the mean and minimum inspiratory mask pressure generated by a representative Whisperflow device in a model of spontaneous respiration. Measurements were made with combinations of Fi(O2), ventilatory frequency, tidal volume, and valve loading similar to those encountered in clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) (a) The flow generated by the Whisperflow valves decreases with increasing valve load and increasing Fi(O2) (from 140 to 20 litre min(-1)). (b) The CPAP valves maintain the required pressure within acceptable limits against varying flow. (ii) At all permutations, the mean inspiratory mask pressure was significantly lower than that required. At high inspiratory flow rates, the minimum inspiratory pressure approached atmospheric pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Whisperflow may not perform as expected. Clinicians should be cautious when using this device, particularly with high Fi(O2) and CPAP valve load. The flow setting should be set at maximum. Failure of CPAP therapy may be due to failure of the generator. Further in vivo data are required.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000399:Air Pressure; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D008397:Masks; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology