title: Metabolic dyslipidemia and risk of future coronary heart disease in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of metabolic syndrome and risk of CHD is now well established. The association between 'metabolic dyslipidemia' as defined by high triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic dyslipidemia, and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in apparently healthy men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic dyslipidemia was defined by combination of increased triglyceride (TG) levels (≥150 mg/dl) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (≤50 mg/dl for women and ≤40 mg/dl for men). In the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study, 21,340 participants without diabetes (9326 men and 12,014 women) were followed for a mean of 11.4 years during which 2075 CHD events occurred. Three multivariate models were used adjusting for other metabolic risk factors including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to men with normal HDL and normal TG, men with metabolic dyslipidemia had an increased risk for CHD (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.40-1.86). The increased risk remained significant after adjustment for LDL-C and other metabolic risk factors. Among women, metabolic dyslipidemia was associated with increased CHD risk (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.47-2.15). This association was lost when the model was additionally adjusted for other metabolic syndrome risk factors. In men and women Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to HDL and TG levels revealed that participants with metabolic dyslipidemia had poorer survival compared to people without metabolic dyslipidemia (logrank p<0.001 for each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of CHD. This relationship was independent from LDL-C and other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in men, but not in women. A better management of this phenotype via lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jamal S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Maartje E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Benoit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Erik S G
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stroes
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: S Matthijs
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Boekholdt
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides