title: Neoadjuvant vaccination provides superior protection against tumor relapse following surgery compared with adjuvant vaccination.
abstract: Tumors that recur following surgical resection of melanoma are typically metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Using the murine B16F10 melanoma and a robust antimelanoma vaccine, we evaluated immunization as a tool to improve tumor-free survival following surgery. We investigated the utility of vaccination in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Surprisingly, neoadjuvant vaccination was far superior and provided approximately 100% protection against tumor relapse. Neoadjuvant vaccination was associated with enhanced frequencies of tumor-specific T cells within the tumor and the tumor-draining lymph nodes following resection. We also observed increased infiltration of antigen-specific T cells into the area of surgery. This method should be amenable to any vaccine platform and can be readily extended to the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grinshtein
authors.forename: Byram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bridle
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bramson
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase