title: ITI with high-dose FIX and combined immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with severe haemophilia B and inhibitor.
abstract: Inhibitor development is a rare but serious event in hemophilia B patients. Management is hampered by the frequent occurrence of allergic reactions to factor IX, low success rates of current inhibitor elimination protocols and the risk of development of nephrotic syndrome. Single cases of immune tolerance induction (ITI) including immunosuppressive agents like mycophenolat mofetil (MMF) or rituximab have been reported. We present a case of successful inhibitor elimination with a combined immune-modulating therapy and high-dose factor IX (FIX). This boy had developed a FIX inhibitor at the age of 5 years and had a history of allergic reactions to FIX and to FEIBAO. Under on-demand treatment with recombinant activated FVII the inhibitor became undetectable but the boy suffered from multiple joint and muscle bleeds. At the age of 11.5 years ITI was attempted with a combination of rituximab, MMF, dexamethasone, intravenous immunoglobulins and high-dose FIX. The inhibitor did not reappear and FIX half-life normalized. No allergic reaction, no signs of nephrotic syndrome and no serious infections were observed.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. beutel@uke.de
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beutel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hauch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rischewski
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kordes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneppenheim
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneppenheim
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D002648:Child; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005164:Factor IX / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005164:Factor IX; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid