title: Measurement of anal cushions in idiopathic faecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faecal incontinence affects a heterogeneous population and aetiology can be multifactorial. In a subset of patients the aetiology remains idiopathic despite standard investigations. Anal cushions are important in normal continence, but have rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to measure the size of the anal cushions and to evaluate their role in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in whom idiopathic faecal incontinence was diagnosed after standard anorectal investigations underwent transvaginal ultrasonography. The area of the anal cushions was measured and a cushion : canal (C : C) ratio derived, which was compared with that in a control group of women without faecal incontinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 21 patients with incontinence (median age 60 years) and 102 asymptomatic controls (median age 41 years) underwent scanning. The median (interquartile range) C : C ratio in the symptomatic group was significantly lower than that for controls (0.57 (0.54-0.66) versus 0.68 (0.61-0.73) respectively; P = 0.001). C : C ratio was not influenced by age (r = 0.023, P = 0.821).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The C : C ratio was reduced in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Leeds General Infirmary, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK. [corrected]
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Thekkinkattil
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Herlihy
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Finan
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography