title: A differential release of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 during coronary artery bypass grafting and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracorporeal circulation is associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The objective of this study was to measure plasma and myocardial matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass and coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients subjected to coronary artery bypass grafting and 20 subjected to off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were included in this study. In both procedures blood was collected in 7 equivalent time points up to 12 hours after grafting. The myocardial biopsy specimens were collected before and after extracorporeal circulation in the coronary artery bypass grafting group and after harvesting and completion of proximal anastomoses in the off-pump coronary artery bypass group. Matrix metalloproteinase levels were measured by means of zymography. Myeloperoxidase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary artery bypass grafting but not off-pump coronary artery bypass led to a 700- to 900-fold increase of plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels. A small but significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels was detected in both procedures. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels significantly increased at the end of coronary artery bypass grafting and off-pump coronary artery bypass. Increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity at the end of extracorporeal circulation was accompanied by augmentation of the endogenous matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 in plasma, but its magnitude was unable to balance the plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 increase. The matrix metalloproteinase 9 content in plasma at the end of extracorporeal circulation correlated with the myeloperoxidase plasma concentration (r(2) = 0.8212, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 might contribute to the extracorporeal circulation-induced inflammatory reactions.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland. asokal20@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokal
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radomski
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pacholewicz
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Los
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jedrzejczyk
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radomski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9