title: Long-term neurodevelopment of children exposed to maternal nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and diclectin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and its treatment with diclectin on child neurodevelopment.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cohort study of mother-child pairs ascertained via a pregnancy call-in center was conducted. Three groups of children were studied: 45 with NVP and diclectin, 47 with NVP no diclectin, and 29 with no NVP. Phone calls to mothers during pregnancy and 6 to 9 months after childbirth yielded information on pregnancy, birth, and early child development. Children aged 3 to 7 years received a comprehensive set of psychological tests. Mothers were assessed for IQ and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children scored in the normal range for IQ, with the NVP-exposed group scoring higher than the non-exposed group on Performance IQ (P < .02), NEPSY Verbal Fluency (P < .003) and Phonological Processing (P < .004), and McCarthy Numerical Memory (P < .004). Predictors of enhanced results were NVP severity and maternal IQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NVP has an enhancing effect on later child outcome. Diclectin does not appear to adversely affect fetal brain development and can be used to control NVP when clinically indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. inulman@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nulman
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rovet
authors.forename: Maru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Dafna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knittel-Keren
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004025:Dicyclomine; D004319:Doxylamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; C004454:dicyclomine, doxylamine, pyridoxine drug combination; D004025:Dicyclomine; D004319:Doxylamine; D011736:Pyridoxine