title: Quality of 2- and 3-dimensional fast acquisition fetal cardiac imaging at 18 to 22 weeks: ramifications for screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency with which 6 different fetal cardiac views taken during a fetal ultrasound examination at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation can be obtained satisfactorily for cardiac anomaly screening using either a 2-dimensional (2D) static or 3-dimensional (3D) fast acquisition technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 100 low-risk women undergoing an anatomic survey was performed. Standard static 2D and 3D fast acquisition volumes were obtained on all patients. The 2D and 3D images were assigned, in a random order, to be independently graded by 3 reviewers. The degree of inter-reviewer agreement was assessed through the use of the Cohen kappa statistic. The factors contributing to satisfactory imaging were evaluated by random effects logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant proportion of both 2D and 3D images were judged unsatisfactory for screening purposes. However, 2D images were significantly more likely, for all cardiac views, to be judged satisfactory (P < .05). The odds ratios for the 2D technique's being more likely than the 3D technique to provide images satisfactory for screening were 2.6 for the 4-chamber view, 2.4 for the right ventricular outflow tract, 4 for the left ventricular outflow tract, 3.2 for the 3-vessel view, 8.6 for the aortic arch, and 2.2 for the ductal arch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective study, static 2D imaging was significantly more likely than fast acquisition 2D imaging to yield cardiac views of high enough quality to satisfactorily screen for anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. lcohen@nmff.org
authors.forename: Leeber
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kristie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mangers
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Svena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gotteiner
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dungan
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grobman
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*