title: In vivo evaluation of vaginal films for mucosal delivery of nitric oxide.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing vaginal films were developed and evaluated as a potential advanced treatment option for female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD). The polymeric films containing s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous NO donor, were prepared using the reduced-pressure drying method. The surface morphology, thermal/mechanical properties, stability, loading efficiency and physicodynamic properties were characterized and the pharmacological activities were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. The GSNO films were homogeneous and transparent, and showed suitable mucoadhesiveness and mechanical properties. The release profiles of NO from the GSNO films followed the first-order kinetic pattern and NO activated the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in vaginal cells. The GSNO films significantly enhanced the duration of action of GSNO and vagina blood perfusion in the rat model without causing any cytotoxic effects. The NO-releasing vaginal films might be used as a promising treatment device against FSAD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5005 Rockhill Rd, MO 64110, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Chi H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014621:Vagina / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors