Statistics of temperature fluctuations in an electron system out of equilibrium.
We study the statistics of the fluctuating electron temperature in a metallic island coupled to reservoirs via resistive contacts and driven out of equilibrium by either a temperature or voltage difference between the reservoirs. The fluctuations of temperature are well defined provided that the energy relaxation rate inside the island exceeds the rate of energy exchange with the reservoirs. We quantify these fluctuations in the regime beyond the Gaussian approximation and elucidate their dependence on the nature of the electronic contacts.
Heikkilä
T T
TT
Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Post Office Box 5100 FIN-02015 TKK, Finland. Tero.Heikkila@tkk.fi
Nazarov
Yuli V
YV