title: Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of retinopathy associated with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A unique transient retinopathy characterized by soft exudates around the optic disc after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported, so in the present study the risk factors for retinopathy associated with AMI (RAMI) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group comprised 62 patients with their first AMI who underwent successful PCI within 24 h of onset (48 men, 14 women; age 63 +/-10 years). The fundus of each eye was assessed on days 3-5, and again at 4 weeks after AMI onset. New soft exudates developed in 29 patients (47%) at 4 weeks. The frequency of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the hemoglobin A(1c) and peak creatine kinase concentrations were higher in patients with than in those without RAMI (55% vs 21%, P=0.008; 7.0 +/-2.0% vs 5.9 +/-1.4%, P=0.013; and 3,428 +/-2,210 IU/L vs 2,352 +/-1,652 IU/L, P=0.036, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified DM as an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of RAMI (odds ratio, 6.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-25.90; P=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DM might be a risk factor for RAMI.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasu
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakehashi
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Muneyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momomura
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors