title: Expression of tight-junction-associated proteins in human gastric cancer: downregulation of claudin-4 correlates with tumor aggressiveness and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Claudin, occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 are known as tight-junction-associated proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of these proteins in gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric cancer tissues (n = 124) were obtained from 124 patients who underwent gastrectomy at our hospital between January 2000 and December 2004. The expression of the above tight-junction-associated proteins in carcinoma, normal mucosa, and metaplastic epithelium was examined using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of claudin-4 mRNA was examined in fresh frozen tissue obtained from 34 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations were seen between the expression of claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1. In regard to claudin-4, significant correlations were seen between the expression of claudin-4 evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the expression of claudin-4 mRNA. Claudin-4 expression was significantly decreased in tumors with undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma, advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis. Occludin and ZO-1 expression was significantly decreased in tumors with undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with low claudin-4 expression. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that low claudin-4 expression was independently associated with significantly decreased overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tight-junction-associated proteins, particularly claudin-4, may play important roles in determining invasiveness, metastatic potential, and survival in gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Nobutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soeta
authors.forename: Zenichiroh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saze
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashimura
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohsuka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Mitsukazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotoh
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D062506:Claudin-4; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C568157:CLDN4 protein, human; D062506:Claudin-4; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger