title: Pilot application of fractal characterisation and its response to change on physiological wave forms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the last two decades the advances in analysis techniques for physiological time series data have been moving from the classical statistics to a more nonlinear or chaos based approach to looking at patterns in the variability of the time series. From this work it can be shown that physiological time series exhibit complex multi-fractal properties. So by designing a classification based on this nonlinear and chaotic nature you can detect changes and alterations in the underlying physiological processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Applying a proven relationship between the wavelet modulus maxima representation and the Hölder exponent we could assess the multi fractal nature of the of the signal detection underlying changes in the physiology. Using two distinct techniques one global and the other localised in time, classification of two distinct the time series was carried out firstly via the analysis of the distribution of the Hölder exponents over all scales of the signal and secondly via a moving window application of the mean Hölder function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution methodology did not return significant results though this is probably more to do with the signal than the technique. The trending approach shows a predictive nature with slope being linked to increased instability in the signal content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall this study has shown the applicability of the techniques which definitely warrant further refinement and study.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physics, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G514TF, United Kingdom. martin.shaw@nhs.net
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Piper
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors