title: Sodium butyrate inhibits Staphylococcus aureus internalization in bovine mammary epithelial cells and induces the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes.
abstract: A distinctive feature of bovine milk fat is the presence of butyrate, molecule with recognized antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. Bovine mastitis is a pathology characterized by inflammatory and infectious processes; however, the role of sodium butyrate on Staphylococcus aureus infection in mammary epithelium has not been studied. In this work we assess the role of sodium butyrate on the invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) by S. aureus responsible of mastitis and on the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Our data show that sodium butyrate (0.25-0.5mM) reduces approximately 50% the internalization of S. aureus (ATCC 27543) into bMEC. By RT-PCR analysis, we showed that sodium butyrate is able to up-regulate the expression of tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP), beta-defensin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs, as well as nitric oxide production. Also, sodium butyrate and infection increased acetylation of histone H3 in bMEC. These results indicate that sodium butyrate could be effective to modulate innate immune gene expression in mammary gland that leads to a better defense against bacterial infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a role of sodium butyrate during the internalization of S. aureus into bMEC.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Administración Chapultepec, Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochoa-Zarzosa
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villarreal-Fernández
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cano-Camacho
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: López-Meza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D002087:Butyrates; D023083:beta-Defensins; C068629:tracheal antimicrobial peptide, bovine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II