title: Nonylphenol and octylphenol in adipose tissue of women in Southern Spain.
abstract: Alkylphenols (APs) and AP ethoxylates are environmental contaminants with endocrine disrupting activities in wildlife and humans. They have been largely used in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. Despite strong concerns about the consequences of human exposure to endocrine disrupters, little information is available on the presence in humans of compounds such as APs. The aim of the present study was to determine 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP) residues in adipose tissue of non-occupationally exposed women living in Southern Spain. NP was detected in 100% (n=20/20) and OP in 23.5% (n=4/20) of samples, with median levels of 57 and 4.5 ng g(-1) adipose tissue, respectively. Body mass index emerged as a determinant of exposure since it was associated with NP levels (p=0.041). Adipose tissue NP and OP levels are similar to the few data previously published in other countries. This is the first report on NP and OP levels in a population in Southern Spain. Further research is needed to determine trends in human exposure to these compounds and to investigate their consequences.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez-Espinosa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Arrebola
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taoufiki
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C080417:4-octylphenol; C041594:4-nonylphenol