title: Effectiveness of the psychological and pharmacological treatment of catastrophization in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibromyalgia is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by widespread pain and other symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue or depression. Catastrophization is considered a key clinical symptom in fibromyalgia; however, there are no studies on the pharmacological or psychological treatment of catastrophizing. The general aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy and recommended pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia (pregabalin, with duloxetine added where there is a comorbid depression), compared with usual treatment at primary care level.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-centre, randomized controlled trial involving three groups: the control group, consisting of usual treatment at primary care level, and two intervention groups, one consisting of cognitive-behaviour therapy, and the other consisting of the recommended pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 primary care health centres in the city of Zaragoza, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  180 patients, aged 18-65 years, able to understand and read Spanish, who fulfil criteria for primary fibromyalgia, with no previous psychological treatment, and no pharmacological treatment or their acceptance to discontinue it two weeks before the onset of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychological treatment is based on the manualized protocol developed by Prof. Escobar et al, from the University of New Jersey, for the treatment of somatoform disorders, which has been adapted by our group for the treatment of fibromyalgia. It includes 10 weekly sessions of cognitive-behaviour therapy. Pharmacological therapy consists of the recommended pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia: pregabalin (300-600 mg/day), with duloxetine (60-120 mg/day) added where there is a comorbid depression).
  
  
  METHODS
  The following socio-demographic data will be collected: sex, age, marital status, education, occupation and social class. The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders will be made with the Structured Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview. Other instruments to be administered are the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Hamilton tests for Anxiety and for Depression, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the EuroQuol-5 domains (EQ-5D), and the use of health and social services (CSRI). Assessments will be carried out at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. MAIN VARIABLE: Pain catastrophizing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis will be per intent to treat. We will use the general linear models of the SPSS version 15 statistical package, to analyse the effect of the treatment on the result variable (pain catastrophizing).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological treatments for pain catastrophizing in fibromyalgia. This randomized clinical trial will determine whether both treatments are effective for this important prognostic variable in patients with fibromyalgia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10804772.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Miguel Servet y Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. jgarcamp@arrakis.es
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Campayo
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano-Blanco
authors.forename: Baltasar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodero
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magallón
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.forename: Juan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.forename: Yolanda López
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: del Hoyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000069583:Pregabalin; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012107:Research Design; D013030:Spain; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D013876:Thiophenes; D000069583:Pregabalin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride