Implicit measures: A normative analysis and review.
Implicit measures can be defined as outcomes of measurement procedures that are caused in an automatic manner by psychological attributes. To establish that a measurement outcome is an implicit measure, one should examine (a) whether the outcome is causally produced by the psychological attribute it was designed to measure, (b) the nature of the processes by which the attribute causes the outcome, and (c) whether these processes operate automatically. This normative analysis provides a heuristic framework for organizing past and future research on implicit measures. The authors illustrate the heuristic function of their framework by using it to review past research on the 2 implicit measures that are currently most popular: effects in implicit association tests and affective priming tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
De Houwer
Jan
J
Department of Psychology, Ghent University.
Teige-Mocigemba
Sarah
S
Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg.
Spruyt
Adriaan
A
Department of Psychology, Ghent University.
Moors
Agnes
A
0000-0002-5137-557X
Department of Psychology, Ghent University.
D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001244:Association; D001290:Attitude; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D010556:Personality Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D013240:Stereotyping; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis