title: Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined the combined effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), creatine (C), and whey protein (P) supplementation during strength training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine participants (52 men, 17 women; M +/- SD age 22.5 +/-2.5 yr) were randomly assigned (double-blind) to 1 of 3 groups: CCP (6 g/d CLA + 9 g/d C + 36 g/d P; n = 22), CP (C + P + placebo oil; n = 25), or P (P + placebo oil; n = 22) during 5 wk of strength training (4-5 sets, 6-12 repetitions, 6 d/wk). Measurements were taken for body composition (air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (ultrasound) of the flexors and extensors of the elbow and knee, 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) strength (leg press and bench press), urinary markers of bone resorption (N-telopeptides, NTx), myofibrillar protein catabolism (3-methylhistidine; 3-MH), oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes), and kidney function (microalbumin) before and after training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast analyses indicated that the CCP group had a greater increase in bench-press (16.2% +/- 11.3% vs. 9.7% +/- 17.0%; p < .05) and leg-press (13.1% +/- 9.9% vs. 7.7% +/-14.2%; p < .05) strength and lean-tissue mass (2.4% +/- 2.8% vs. 1.3% +/-4.1%; p < .05) than the other groups combined. All groups increased muscle thickness over time (p < .05). The relative change in 3-MH (CCP -4.7% +/- 70.2%, CP -0.4% +/- 81.4%, P 20.3% +/- 75.2%) was less in the groups receiving creatine (p < .05), with the difference for NTx also close to significance (p = .055; CCP -3.4% +/- 66.6%, CP -3.9% +/- 64.9%, P 26.0% +/- 63.8%). There were no changes in oxidative stress or kidney function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining C, CLA, and P was beneficial for increasing strength and lean-tissue mass during heavy resistance training.
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cornish
authors.forename: Darren G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Candow
authors.forename: Nathan T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jantz
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Chilibeck
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abeysekara
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zello
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D003401:Creatine