title: Heavy metal fractionation during the co-composting of biosolids, deinking paper fibre and green waste.
abstract: Due to the introduction of the European Union Landfill Directive, composting has become a potentially viable disposal route for some organic wastes. As waste-derived compost is frequently added to soil to improve soil quality, it is important to quantify the environmental risk posed by potentially toxic elements contained within it. Here we used a sequential chemical extraction procedure to investigate the temporal dynamics of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni) during the co-composting of biosolids, deinking paper fibre and green waste. Overall, composting over 26 weeks reduced the availability of Ni, had no effect on Pb and slightly increased the availability of Cu and Zn. We conclude that although the total Cu and Ni concentrations in the compost exceed legislative guidelines for land application, due to their recalcitrant nature within the compost, this compost posed very little threat to soil or plant quality if used in agriculture or land restoration.
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. sust@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tandy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nason
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010209:Paper; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil