title: Comparison of buprenorphine and butorphanol analgesia in the eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens).
abstract: The experimental use of amphibian models in biomedical research increases yearly, but there is a paucity of reports concerning analgesic use in many of these species. In this study, buprenorphine given by intracoelomic injection and butorphanol added to the tank water were compared for analgesic effect in the eastern red-spotted newt after bilateral forelimb amputations. Newts undergoing anesthesia but not surgery and newts having surgery but not given analgesia postoperatively were used as control groups. Animals were tested for food consumption, spontaneous movement, response to tapping on the tank, response to being touched, and body posture. Both buprenorphine by intracoelomic injection and butorphanol in tank water significantly promoted resumption of normal behavior after bilateral surgical amputation of the forelimbs. The difference between analgesic treatment and no analgesic treatment was maintained until 72 h after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA. craig.koeller@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Koeller
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science / Q000379:methods*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D019185:Notophthalmus; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D014110:Touch / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D002077:Butorphanol