title: [The absence of haptic perception in laparoscopic cholecystectomy--risk factor for biliary lesions].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile duct injuries are the main serious technical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Each lesion is peculiar in its features as well as the surgeon's reaction when face it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the place of the human error according to accepted principles of cognitive psychology, beside other risk-factors involved in biliary accidents during LC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study on 18 patients treated for severe biliary lesions during LC in 1st Surgical Clinic of "Sf. Spiridon" Hospital, Iaşi, Romania, between March 1993 and March 2008. According to Strasberg's classification the lesions were: type C (n=1; 3%), type D (n=13; 39.4%), type E1-2 (n=2; 6.1%) and type E5 (n=2; 6.1%). In the medical records we followed up the technical aspects of the procedure (section, dissection, clips) and the lesional and anatomic factors attended at the moment of LC. We also assessed the concerned surgeons experience based on the number of the LC at time of the biliary accident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our experience (10046 LC) the incidence of the biliary injuries was 0.1% only. We met four lesional and/or anatomic factors (mean) on each case with biliary lesion. Only five cases (27.7%) were detected intraoperatively, but Spearman's correlation between time of detection and surgeons experience is insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results, rounded with cognitive psychology data from literature, suggest the role of the absence of haptic perception during laparoscopic procedures, in the occurrence of some errors, even in circumstances with "perfect visibility".
authors.affiliation: Clinica I Chirurgie, Spitalul Sf. Spiridon, UMF Gr. T. Popa Iaşi. delvin0511@yahoo.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vintiă
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Neacşu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Târcoveanu
authors.forename: St O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Georgescu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013236:Stereognosis