title: Low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from Western Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been recognized as a potential problem in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to investigate BMD in Swedish children and adolescents with IBD and to evaluate possible factors affecting BMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate BMD, all patients (n = 144) underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the whole body and the spine. BMD values were expressed as Z-scores using normative pediatric data from Lunar (GE Medical Systems).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this population-based study, the lowest BMD values were found in the lumbar spine. The entire IBD group showed significantly lower BMD Z-scores of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) in comparison to healthy references (-0.8 standard deviation [SD], range -5.9 to 3.7 SD, P < 0.001). Decreased BMD with a Z-score < -1 SD occurred in 46.7% of the individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 47.0% of those with ulcerative colitis (UC). Low BMD with a Z-score ≤ -2 SD was present in 26.7% of the patients with CD and in 24.1% of the UC patients. In a multiple regression model with BMD lumbar spine as the depending variable, possible factors associated with lower BMD were male gender, low body mass index (BMI), and treatment with azathioprine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low BMD is prevalent in Swedish pediatric patients with IBD. Possible risk factors for lower BMD are male gender, low BMI, and treatment with azathioprine, as a probable marker of disease course severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Borås Central Hospital, Borås, Sweden. schm-sus@online.no
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mellström
authors.forename: Ensio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norjavaara
authors.forename: S Valter
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sundh
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saalman
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine