title: Effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with disodium hydrogen phosphate on inflammatory cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was subjective evaluation of inflammatory cells subsequent to subcutaneous implantation of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) mixed with disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na(2)HPO(4)) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar rats were used in this study. Polyethylene tubes filled with WMTA mixed with Na(2)HPO(4) and WMTA alone and also empty tubes serving as control were implanted into subcutaneous tissue and harvested after 7, 15, 30, and 90 days. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and observed under a light microscope. Inflammatory reactions were categorized as 0 or none (without inflammatory cells), 1 or mild (inflammatory cells < 25), 2 or moderate (25-125 inflammatory cells), and 3 or severe (more than 125 inflammatory cells). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WMTA alone provoked a moderate inflammatory reaction after 7 and 15 days, which significantly differed from WMTA mixed with Na(2)HPO(4) and the control group, which provoked a mild inflammatory reaction (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences at any period beyond 30 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that adding Na(2)HPO(4) to WMTA creates a more biocompatible material than WMTA alone.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vosoughhosseini
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saghiri
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesgariabbasi
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranjkesh
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C018279:sodium phosphate