title: Assessment of very long-chain fatty acids as complementary or alternative natural fecal markers to n-alkanes for estimating diet composition of goats feeding on mixed diets.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the use of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as an alternative or a complement to n-alkane markers for estimation of diet composition of goats fed 7 different diets, composed of different proportions of herbaceous (Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) and heathland woody species (Erica umbellata, Erica cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica arborea, and Ulex gallii), in a metabolism study. Diet composition was estimated from VLCFA (i.e., C(22) to C(34)) and alkane (i.e., C(25) to C(33)) concentrations in diet and feces, by least squares procedures. For all plant species VLCFA concentrations were greater than their alkane concentrations, especially for the herbaceous species and U. gallii. In general, fecal recovery of both markers was incomplete and increased in a curvilinear (P < 0.001) fashion with carbon-chain length. The plants comprising the diets had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on fecal recovery of VLCFA and alkanes. Diet composition estimates based on VLCFA alone were less accurate (P = 0.013) than those obtained using alkanes alone. Combination of VLCFA and alkane data resulted in the most accurate (P < 0.05) estimates, indicating an increase on the discriminatory power among plant species. Use of uncorrected fecal marker concentrations provided the poorest estimates of diet composition, and use of individual recovery data and mean fecal recovery data of the dietary treatment yielded the most accurate ones. Results obtained in this study show that VLCFA have potential to be used as diet composition markers along with alkanes.
authors.affiliation: CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. lmf@utad.pt
authors.forename: L M M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Celaya
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osoro
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids