title: Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism of dieckol isolated from marine brown alga on COX-2 and iNOS in microglial cells.
abstract: To identify the neuroprotective effect of dieckol, a hexameric compound of phloroglucinol isolated from marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava , this study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of dieckol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia and elucidated the molecular mechanism. The results showed that dieckol suppresses LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner, without causing cytotoxicity. It also significantly reduced the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Moreover, dieckol significantly reduced LPS-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Taken together, the inhibition of LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production might be due to the suppression of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathway and, at least in part, by inhibiting the generation of ROS. Hence, these effects of dieckol might assist therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Science and Marine Life Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Kyo
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: You-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeong-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee-Guk
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sae-Gwang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Il-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; C503840:dieckol; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone