title: A gel-forming poly-L: -guluronic acid produced from no guluronate-rich marine algae using new hydrolysis method: test for endovascular embolization.
abstract: To prepare a gel-forming poly-L-guluronic acid (Poly-G) from no guluronate-rich Laminaria japonica, a new hydrolysis method was employed with a lower HCl concentration (0.025-0.15 M) and a shorter treatment time (5 min). The Poly-Gs were set to measure purity, presence of poly-L-guluronic block, molecular weight distribution, polymer yield, viscosity, and compressive gel strength. Finally, the Poly-G was tested to embolize the renal vascular system by using a rabbit model and angiography. Optimized Poly-G could be selected with respect to wt% concentration, polymer yield, gel-forming stability, viscosity, and gel strength as an endovascular embolizing agent. Overall, 0.4-0.6% of 0.03 M-Poly-G obtained from acid treatment with 0.03 M of HCl had molecular weights greater than 80 kDa, and the best gelling capacity with an injectable viscosity (30-120 cP). It was successfully delivered into the vascular bed of a rabbit kidney and was shown angiographically to embolize the renal vascular system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Mee
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeon-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Woo-Back
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056890:Eukaryota; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011108:Polymers; C007896:guluronic acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid