title: Atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction: association with all-cause mortality and sudden death after 7-year of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/FL) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Indeed, the determinants of AF/FL in AMI-patients and the association of AF/FL with mortality are not well-known. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between presence of AF/FL and mortality in patients with AMI and to report on predictors of AF/FL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 505 patients enrolled in three intensive care units with definite AMI and followed up for 7 years. No patient was lost to follow-up. Patients with AF/FL during the 1st week of hospitalisation were compared with those with steady sinus rhythm. End-points were all-cause mortality and modes of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At multivariable logistic regression analysis, elderly, body mass index, congestive heart failure (CHF), history of hypertension and plasma cholesterol (in a negative fashion) were independently associated with the presence of AF/FL. At survival analysis, after full adjustment, AF/FL was not associated with in-hospital mortality. After 7 years of follow-up, AF/FL was found to be associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.3], together with age, diabetes mellitus, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) peak, CHF, estimated glomerular filtration rate and thrombolysis. At adjusted logistic polynomial regression analysis, AF/FL was found to be associated with an excess of mortality for reasons of sudden death (SD) (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2-6.4). No interaction was observed between AF/FL and medications on in-hospital mortality. For 7-year mortality, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and digitalis showed an independent negative (protective) interaction chiefly on SD (adjusted OR = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01-0.74, and RR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02-0.58, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with AMI and AF/FL portend a poor prognosis in the long-term chiefly because of an excess of SD. Treatment with ACE-inhibitors and digitalis may have long-term beneficial effects on SD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Conegliano General Hospital, Conegliano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordiano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cucchini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavuto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrinet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palatini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides