title: Glucose exerts a negative effect over a peroxidase from Trichosporon asahii, with carotenoid cleaving activity.
abstract: Tobacco aroma compounds were generated via lutein cleavage by the combined action of a yeast and a bacterium identified as Trichosporon asahii and Paenibacillus amylolyticus, respectively. In this study, an inverse relationship between glucose concentration and the generation of three compounds, present in the tobacco aroma profile, was observed in mixed cultures. In order to identify the organism sensitive to the sugar effect, both were grown separately. The presence of glucose suppressed beta-ionone production by T. asahii grown with lutein. However, the biotransformation of the ionone into its reduced derivatives (7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone and 7,8-dihydro-beta-ionol) by P. amylolyticus was not affected by the sugar. This pointed to the cleavage of lutein, a step within the process necessary for the synthesis of beta-ionone, as the target of the glucose effect. In vitro studies with crude extracts and concentrated cell-free medium derived from T. asahii cultures showed that the carotenoid breakdown activity was located extracellularly and only detected in supernatants from yeast cells grown in the absence of the sugar. Rather than an inhibition or a mechanism affecting the enzyme secretion, the glucose effect on lutein degradation comprised another regulatory level. Further experiments showed that the enzyme responsible for lutein breakdown and susceptible to the sugar effect exhibited a high degree of identity to fungal peroxidases, studied as well, for their involvement in carotenoid cleavage.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico. erodriguezb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Bustamante
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Robledo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arreguín-Espinosa
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Hernández
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sanoja
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014975:Lutein / Q000378:metabolism*; D045792:Norisoprenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D009812:Odorants; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana; D014250:Trichosporon / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D045792:Norisoprenoids; D002338:Carotenoids; D009195:Peroxidase; D005947:Glucose; D014975:Lutein