title: Dopamine D2High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil.
abstract: Although it is commonly stated that phencyclidine is an antagonist at ionotropic glutamate receptors, there has been little measure of its potency on other receptors in brain tissue. Although we previously reported that phencyclidine stimulated cloned-dopamine D2Long and D2Short receptors, others reported that phencyclidine did not stimulate D2 receptors in homogenates of rat brain striatum. This study, therefore, examined whether phencyclidine and other hallucinogens and psychostimulants could stimulate the incorporation of [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S into D2 receptors in homogenates of rat brain striatum, using the same conditions as previously used to study the cloned D2 receptors. Using 10 microM dopamine to define 100% stimulation, phencyclidine elicited a maximum incorporation of 46% in rat striata, with a half-maximum concentration of 70 nM for phencyclidine, when compared with 80 nM for dopamine, 89 nM for salvinorin A (48 nM for D2Long), 105 nM for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 120 nM for R-modafinil, 710 nM for dizocilpine, 1030 nM for ketamine, and >10,000 nM for S-modafinil. These compounds also inhibited the binding of the D2-selective ligand [(3)H]domperidone. The incorporation was inhibited by the presence of 200 microM guanylylimidodiphosphate and also by D2 blockade, using 10 microM S-sulpiride, but not by D1 blockade with 10 microM SCH23390. Hypertonic buffer containing 150 mM NaCl inhibited the stimulation by phencyclidine, which may explain negative results by others. It is concluded that phencyclidine and other psychostimulants and hallucinogens can stimulate dopamine D2 receptors at concentrations related to their behavioral actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philip.seeman@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: Hong-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirbec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000494:pharmacology; D004294:Domperidone / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D000077408:Modafinil; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010622:Phencyclidine; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006213:Hallucinogens; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004294:Domperidone; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D010622:Phencyclidine; D000077408:Modafinil; C090499:salvinorin A; D004298:Dopamine