title: Hot topic: pathway confirmed for the transmission of melamine from feed to cow's milk.
abstract: Eight lactating Holstein cows were randomly allotted to 2 groups in a trial to establish whether a pathway exists for the transmission of melamine from feed to milk. All cows received oat hay ad libitum and 15 kg of concentrate pellets per cow daily. The concentrate pellets contained either melamine-contaminated corn gluten meal of Chinese origin (melamine treatment) or locally produced melamine-free corn gluten meal (control treatment). Cows in the melamine treatment ingested 17.1 g of melamine per day. Cows were milked twice daily, and milk samples were taken once daily during the afternoon milking for melamine and milk component analyses. Melamine appeared in the milk within 8 h after first ingestion of the melamine containing pellets. Melamine concentration reached a maximum of 15.7 mg/kg within 56 h after first ingestion, with an excretion efficiency of approximately 2%. Milk solids and milk urea nitrogen were not affected by treatment. The melamine concentration dropped rapidly after changing all cows back to the control pellets, but melamine only declined to undetectable levels in the milk more than 6 d (152 h) after last ingestion of melamine. Results from the current trial are important to the feed and dairy industries because, until now, any melamine found in milk and milk products was attributed only to the deliberate external addition of melamine to these products, not to adulterated ingredients in animal feeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. cwc@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cruywagen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adonis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calitz
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C011907:melamine