title: Age-associated leukoaraiosis and cortical cholinergic deafferentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between age-associated MRI leukoaraiosis or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  One possible mechanism of cognitive decline in elderly individuals with leukoaraiosis is disruption of cholinergic fibers by strategically located white matter lesions. Periventricular lesions may have a higher chance of disrupting cholinergic projections compared with more superficial nonperiventricular white matter lesions because of anatomic proximity to the major cholinergic axonal projection bundles that originate from the basal forebrain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling, middle-aged and elderly subjects without dementia (mean age 71.0 +/- 9.2 years; 55-84 years; n = 18) underwent brain MRI and AChE PET imaging. The severity of periventricular and nonperiventricular WMH on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI images was scored using the semiquantitative rating scale of Scheltens et al. [11C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate AChE PET imaging was used to assess cortical AChE activity. Age-corrected Spearman partial rank correlation coefficients were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of periventricular (R = -0.52, p = 0.04) but not nonperiventricular (R = -0.20, not significant) WMH was inversely related to global cortical AChE activity. Regional cortical cholinergic effects of periventricular WMH were most significant for the occipital lobe (R = -0.58, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of periventricular but not nonperiventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is significantly associated with lower cortical cholinergic activity. These findings support a regionally specific disruption of cholinergic projection fibers by WMH.
authors.affiliation: VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, GRECC, MI, USA. nbohnen@umich.edu
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Bohnen
authors.forename: M L T M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020532:Basal Nucleus of Meynert / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine