title: Referral and resource use patterns for psychiatric-related visits to pediatric emergency departments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the patterns of referral and use of resources for patients with psychiatric-related visits presenting to pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in a pediatric research network.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart review of a random sample of patients (approximately 10 charts per month per site) who presented with psychiatric-related visits in 2002 to 4 pediatric EDs in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Emergency department resource use variables evaluated included the use of consultation services, restraints, and laboratory tests as well as ED length of stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 462 patient visits with a psychiatric-related ED diagnosis. Mean (SD) age was 12.8 (3.7) years, 52% were male, and 49% were African American. The most common chief complaints were suicidality (47%), aggression/agitation (42%), and anxiety/depression (27%), alone or in combination. Ninety percent of patients (range across sites, 83%-94%) had a mental health consult in the ED, 5% were restrained (range, 3%-9%), and 35% had a laboratory test performed (range, 15%-63%). Mean (SD) ED length of stay was 5.1 (5.4) hours, and 52% were admitted (93% to a psychiatric bed, including transfers to separate psychiatric facilities).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with psychiatric-related visits seem to require substantial ED resources. Interventions are needed to reduce the burden on the ED by increasing the linkage to mental health services, particularly for suicidal youths.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. grupj0@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grupp-Phelan
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Foltin
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tunik
authors.forename: Meridith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonnett
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dayan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000453:epidemiology; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000092864:Suicide Prevention