title: Transcatheter closure of large sized patent ductus arteriosus using the amplatzer duct occluder device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the results of anterograde transcatheter closure of a large sized patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from January 2005 to December 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent transcatheter closure of large sized PDA (> or = 4.0 mm), using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) device, from January 2005 to December 2007, were included by convenient sampling technique. After the procedure, repeat aortogram was performed to confirm the appropriate position of the ADO and to evaluate for residual shunts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 100 patients had PDA diameter of > or = 4.00 mm. Mean age was 11.73 + 10.31 years and there were 37 males and 63 females. Mean PDA diameter was 6.011 + 2.078 mm. Forty-nine patients had type 'A', 19 had type 'B', 19 patients had type 'C', 5 had type 'D' and 8 patients had type 'E' PDA. Complete closure was achieved in 70 patients, 26 had trace shunt and 4 patients had small residual shunt immediately after the procedure. However, no patient had residual shunt 24 hours after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADO is a highly efficient prosthesis that can be safely applied in most patients with PDA particularly in patients with large sized PDA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/NIHD, Rawalpindi. shabbir_1441@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shabbir
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.lastname: Maadullah
authors.forename: Waqar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult