title: [Management of cholecysto- and choledocholithiasis--survey and analysis of 16 615 cholecystectomies and common bile duct explorations in bavaria].
abstract: METHODS
  The aim of this study was the evaluation of the management of cholecysto- and choledocholithiasis and outcome of -laparoscopic as well as open cholecystectomy (CHE) and common bile duct (CBD) exploration in Bavaria, Germany. A written questionnaire -in-cluding 201 structured items was sent to all 180 hospitals and departments performing gen-eral or abdominal surgery in Bavaria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 60 %. A total of 16 615 operations for gallstone disease including 16 051 cholecystectomies and 453 CBD explo-ra-tions with or without cholecystectomy were -reported. 88 % of all cholcystectomies started -laparoscopically, the conversion rate was 5.6 %. The Veres needle (69 %), 4 trocar techniques and electrosurgical hook knife were reported as standard procedures. A retrieval bag was used by 53 % of all surgeons. The overall complication rate for cholecystectomy was 5.46 % including 0.15 % -major bile duct injuries. Relaparoscopy was performed in 0.35 %, relaparotomy in 0.44 % and postoperative treatment by ERC in 1.45 %. The overall hospital mortality rate was 0.13 %. When choledocholithiasis was suspected, a two-stage management ("therapeutic splitting") with preoperative ERC was preferred (99 %). The conversion rate of simultaneous laparoscopic CHE+CBD exploration was 43 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results allow an estimation of the frequency and overall risks in surgical therapy for gallstones. At present, new techniques like combined laparoscopic and endoscopic proce-dures, microinstruments or N.O.T.E.S do not play a significant role in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik Grosshadern, München, Germany.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Spelsberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nusser
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hüttl
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Obeidat
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hüttl
mesh_terms: D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000401:mortality; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000401:mortality; D042882:Gallstones / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005858:Germany; D006306:Health Surveys; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation