title: Verapamil enhances acute stress or glucocorticoid-induced deficits in retrieval of long-term memory in rats.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate an interaction between acute restraint stress and corticosterone with verapamil, a blocker of L-type voltage-dependent calcium (VDC) channels on retrieval of long-term memory. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task (0.5 mA, 3 s footshock). On retention test given 48 h after training, the latency to re-enter dark compartment of the apparatus was recorded. In Experiment 1, verapamil pretreatment (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) enhanced the impairing effects of acute stress (which was applied for 10 min in a Plexiglass tube 30 min before the retention test) on memory retrieval. The applied stress increased circulating corticosterone levels as assessed immediately after the retention test, indicating that stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval is mediated, in part, by increased plasma levels of glucocorticoids. Verapamil did not change this response. In Experiment 2, pretreatment of an intermediate dose of verapamil also enhanced corticosterone-induced impairment of memory retrieval. In Experiments 3 and 4, acute stress or corticosterone did not change motor activity with or without prior treatment of verapamil, suggesting that stress or glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval is not due to any gross disturbances in motor performance of animals. These findings indicate that blockade of L-type VDC channels enhances stress or glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval, and provide evidence for the existence of an interaction between glucocorticoids and L-type VDC channels on memory retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Department and Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 35195-163, Semnan, Iran. rashidy-pour@sem-ums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidy-Pour
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vafaei
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Taherian
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miladi-Gorji
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: Yaghoub
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fathollahi
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bandegi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004597:Electroshock; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014700:Verapamil; D003345:Corticosterone