title: Health-related quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of left-sided native valve endocarditis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term prognosis of endocarditis is described primarily in relation to clinical outcome measures-for example, such complications as cerebrovascular accident, cardiac failure, need for cardiac surgery, relapse rate, and mortality. To our knowledge, to date, no studies have examined the health-related quality of life and the prevalence of long-term persistence of physical symptoms for survivors of left-sided native valve endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective follow-up study of patients treated for left-sided native valve endocarditis from 1 November 2000 through 31 October 2003 in 23 hospitals in the Netherlands. Of 86 patients eligible to participate, 55 completed questionnaires administered 3 m and 12 m after discharge; an additional 12 patients completed questionnaires 12 m after discharge only, making a total of 67 patients in our study. Persistence of symptoms and employment status were recorded. The health-related quality of life was measured by using the Dutch version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item health survey and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months after the end of antimicrobial treatment, 41 (75%) of 55 patients still had physical symptoms. Twelve months after the end of antimicrobial treatment, 36 (54%) of 67 patients still had physical symptoms. Before the episode of endocarditis, 30 (81%) of 37 patients aged < or =60 years were employed and working. At 3 m follow-up, 16 (52%) of 31 patients returned to work, and at 12 m follow-up, 24 (65%) of 37 patients were working. One year after discharge, the health-related quality of life was impaired in 5 of 8 dimensions, compared with age-adjusted standard values, and 7 (11%) of 64 patients suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A year after discharge, most survivors of left-sided native valve endocarditis still had persisting symptoms and a seriously diminished quality of life, and 11% of patients suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine, and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dominique W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hermanides
authors.forename: Joke C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Korevaar
authors.forename: Patrick M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: Renee B A
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Speelman
authors.forename: Jan T M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome