title: Preconditioning with diazoxide prevents reoxygenation-induced rigor-type hypercontracture.
abstract: Ischemic preconditioning has a powerful protective potential against a reperfusion-induced injury of the post-ischemic myocardium. Cardiomyocyte hypercontracture, i.e. excessive cell shortening, is an essential mechanism of the reperfusion-induced injury. Rigor contracture, i.e. Ca(2+)-independent contracture, has been shown to be an import component of the reperfusion-induced hypercontracture. Since rigor contracture is dependent on the rapidity of the metabolic recovery during reoxygenation, we hypothesized that preconditioning of the cardiomyocyte mitochondria may improve mitochondrial function to restore the energy balance during the initial phase of reoxygenation and may thus prevent rigor contracture. For this purpose adult rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to anoxia with subsequent reoxygenation. For preconditioning, cells were pre-treated with the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel opener diazoxide. Pre-treatment with 100 micromol/l diazoxide significantly reduced the reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture of cardiomyocytes due to an attenuation of the Ca(2+)-independent rigor-type contracture, which was accompanied by an acceleration of the phosphocreatine resynthesis during the initial phase of reoxygenation. Treatment with the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 micromol/l) during preconditioning phase abolished these protective effects. Similarly, partial suppression of the mitochondrial function with 100 micromol/l NaCN during the reoxygenation phase abolished the diazoxide effects. Finally, in isolated rat hearts, preconditioning with diazoxide prior to global ischemia significantly improved left ventricular function and attenuated hypercontracture during reperfusion. This effect could be abolished by the treatment with 100 micromol/l NaCN during reperfusion. Taken together, pharmacological preconditioning of cardiomyocytes with diazoxide protects against the reoxygenation-induced rigor hypercontracture due to an improvement of the energy recovery at the onset of reoxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meuter
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Reusch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ladilov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003652:Decanoic Acids; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D054086:KATP Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010725:Phosphocreatine; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; D003981:Diazoxide; D012966:Sodium Cyanide