title: Simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in animal feeds by SPE and LC-MS.
abstract: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in commercial feeds was developed. Samples were extracted with phosphoric acid-methanol solution, and further clean-up was achieved with a C18 cation exchange mixed mode cartridge. Separation of analytes was developed on a C18 column with 0.01 M aqueous ammonium formate solution (pH 3.8)-acetonitrile by gradient program, and characterized by LC-MS on a quadrupole detector, in electrospray positive ion mode. This method provides average recoveries for salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol of 83-110% and coefficients of variation of 1.5-11% in feeds spiked in the range of 0.5-500 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification in feeds were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Such limits are well below the dose of 2-25 mg/kg feed proposed as effective.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China, 100094. zhangly@mafic.ac.cn
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis; D000420:Albuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D005561:Formates; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D000432:Methanol; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000032:analysis*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011786:Quality Control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D005561:Formates; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010627:Phenethylamines; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; C030544:formic acid; C060897:ractopamine; C030242:phosphoric acid; D000420:Albuterol; D002976:Clenbuterol; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile