title: Left ventricular mass increase is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly independently of blood pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left ventricular (LV) mass increase is considered part of composite target organ damage in hypertension and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events. This study was designed to explore whether left ventricular mass index (LVMI) is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in elderly subjects, independently of blood pressure (BP) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred subjects (mean age 79 +/- 6 years) were studied. Left ventricular mass was measured echocardiographically in accordance with American Society of Echocardiography and normalized for body height to the 2.7 (LVMI). Global cognitive function was evaluated with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (maximum score 30). Dementia was defined as an MMSE score <21. Arterial stiffness was evaluated as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by Complior. Prevalence of hypertension was 70% and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 25%. No significant differences in traditional CV risk factors were observed across LVMI quartiles. Mini-mental state examination showed an inverse trend across LVMI quartiles (the higher the LVMI, the lower the MMSE, P for trend <0.05); systolic and diastolic BP levels were not different across LVMI quartiles. In multivariable logistic regression models, including age, sex, BP levels, and use of antihypertensive drugs as covariates, the highest LVMI was found to be independently associated with a two-fold higher likelihood of having dementia. The association persisted significant even after adjustment for arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In elderly subjects, LVMI is associated with a progressive cognitive decline. This association is independent of BP levels and/or large artery stiffness.
authors.affiliation: UO Geriatria, INRCA/IRCCS, Via Cassia 1167, Rome, Italy. angeloelefante@interfree.it
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuteri
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coluccia
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castello
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevola
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011674:Pulse; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents