Atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of concentration of calcium ions and smear layer removal with root canal chelators.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of calcium ions and smear layer removal by using root canal chelators according to flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. Forty-two human maxillary central incisors were irrigated with 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% citric acid, 10% sodium citrate, apple vinegar, 5% acetic acid, 5% malic acid, and sodium hypochlorite. The concentration of calcium ions was measured by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and smear layer removal was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Mean +/- standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey-Kramer, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and kappa tests were used for statistical analysis. The use of 15% EDTA resulted in the greatest concentration of calcium ions followed by 10% citric acid; 15% EDTA and 10% citric acid were the most efficient solutions for removal of smear layer.
Spanó
Júlio César Emboava
JC
Department of Endodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Silva
Ricardo Gariba
RG
Guedes
Débora Fernandes Costa
DF
Sousa-Neto
Manoel Damião
MD
Estrela
Carlos
C
Pécora
Jesus Djalma
JD
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014025:Titanium
D002614:Chelating Agents; D002951:Citrates; D003722:Dental Alloys; D008293:Malates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C040654:titanium nickelide; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D019343:Citric Acid; D009532:Nickel; C030298:malic acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D019342:Acetic Acid; D002118:Calcium