title: The association between diabetes mellitus and urinary incontinence in adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of diabetes mellitus and urinary incontinence in adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study with a case-control design. One thousand three hundred eighty-one women (aged 20-87 years) attending six Primary Healthcare Centers in Turkey were enrolled in this study, after giving their informed consent. Subjects were dichotomized into cases and controls according to presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and were matched for the confounding factors age, body mass index (BMI), and reproductive history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred ten women were included: 273 diabetics and 637 non-diabetics. Diabetes was shown to be associated with a 2.5-fold risk increase for urinary incontinence (UI), and age and BMI were weakly associated with UI. UI was significantly more prevalent in diabetic women: 41% diabetic and 22.1% non-diabetic women reported UI (p < 0.001). Age, BMI, and DM were revealed as independent determinants of UI in adult women. Urge incontinence was more prevalent in non-diabetic women, whereas stress and mixed incontinence were more prevalent among diabetic women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DM is the most important independent determinant of UI.
authors.affiliation: Department Primary Care and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Women Studies Medicine, 117, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yenal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izci
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Topsever
authors.forename: T Müge
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Filiz
authors.forename: Nursan Dede
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Cefariye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uludağ
authors.forename: Toine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lagro-Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult