Respiratory function and other biological risk factors for completed suicide: 40 years of follow-up of European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study.
BACKGROUND
Prospective cohort studies on biological risk factors of completed suicide are scarce. We aimed to test which biological risk factors independently identify subjects at increased risk of suicidal death.


METHODS
In the prospective cohort of the Seven Countries Study, 5,321 middle-aged men from Finland, Serbia, Italy, and Greece were included. Completed suicide (ICD-8 codes E950-959) was assessed during 40 years of follow-up. Biological cardiovascular risk factors (including forced vital capacity [FVC] and height) were tested for their role as predictors in multivariable Cox models stratified by country.


RESULTS
There were 4518 deaths during follow-up, with 64 from suicide (1.4%). In univariable models, only FVC and height were strongly inversely related with suicide. Socio-economic status and being unmarried were potential confounders. In multivariable models taking these confounders into account, both a low FVC (0.30 for top vs. lowest quartile; 95% CI: 0.12-0.76; P=0.006 for trend) and a low FVC/height ratio (0.37 for top vs. lowest quartile; 95% CI: 0.17-0.82; P=0.004 for trend) were strongly inversely related with completed suicide.


CONCLUSIONS
Information on proximal causes, such as prior suicidal ideation, emotional distress and depression, was lacking at baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
Poor respiratory function in middle-aged men was an independent risk factor for completed suicide.
Giltay
Erik J
EJ
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, The Netherlands. giltay@dds.nl
Zitman
Frans G
FG
Menotti
Alessandro
A
Nissinen
Aulikki
A
Jacobs
David R
DR
Adachi
Hisashi
H
Kafatos
Antony
A
Kromhout
Daan
D
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*
D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol