title: Association and pattern of diastolic dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diastolic dysfunction is important predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome. This prospective study is to evaluate an association and pattern of diastolic dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome in our population. This cross-sectional study was performed at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi for a period of 6 months from 20th November 2007 to 20th April 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eligible and consenting patients having metabolic syndrome reporting in the OPD were registered. Inclusion criteria included patients of metabolic syndrome with negative ETT and normal systolic function. Exclusion criteria were patients with age above 60 years and valvular heart disease. Data was collected by a structured clinical interview with a physician, ECG and a transthoracic M-mode, 2D and TDI echocardiogram. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a positive association between the degree of the metabolic syndrome-assessed as number of concurrently present components-and parameters of cardiac structure and function, with a consistent and statistically significant trend for all cardiac variables considered (p = 0.000). There was also a positive association between each parameter and the cardiac diastolic dysfunction grading, e.g., systolic blood pressure (p = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), waist circumference (p = 0.004), fasting blood sugar (p = 0.008), triglycerides (p = 0.006), HDL cholesterol (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several cardiac functional abnormalities regardless of symptoms increased progressively with increasing degree of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. dr_abdulrashid@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Abdul Rashid
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad Qaisar
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*