title: Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review.
abstract: Knowledge of the incubation period is essential in the investigation and control of infectious disease, but statements of incubation period are often poorly referenced, inconsistent, or based on limited data. In a systematic review of the literature on nine respiratory viral infections of public-health importance, we identified 436 articles with statements of incubation period and 38 with data for pooled analysis. We fitted a log-normal distribution to pooled data and found the median incubation period to be 5.6 days (95% CI 4.8-6.3) for adenovirus, 3.2 days (95% CI 2.8-3.7) for human coronavirus, 4.0 days (95% CI 3.6-4.4) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 1.4 days (95% CI 1.3-1.5) for influenza A, 0.6 days (95% CI 0.5-0.6) for influenza B, 12.5 days (95% CI 11.8-13.3) for measles, 2.6 days (95% CI 2.1-3.1) for parainfluenza, 4.4 days (95% CI 3.9-4.9) for respiratory syncytial virus, and 1.9 days (95% CI 1.4-2.4) for rhinovirus. When using the incubation period, it is important to consider its full distribution: the right tail for quarantine policy, the central regions for likely times and sources of infection, and the full distribution for models used in pandemic planning. Our estimates combine published data to give the detail necessary for these and other applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lessler
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brookmeyer
authors.forename: Trish M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: Kenrad E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Derek A T
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cummings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D055256:Infectious Disease Incubation Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult