title: Inhibitory effects of clotrimazole on TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression and angiogenesis.
abstract: Cell adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in chronic inflammation and pathological angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of clotrimazole (CLT) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced changes in adhesion molecule expression. CLT dose-dependently inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions in TNF-alpha-stimulated HT29 colonic epithelial cells. This inhibitory action of CLT correlated with a significant reduction in TNF-alpha-induced adhesion of monocytes to HT29 cells, which was comparable to the inhibitory effects of anti-ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 monoclonal antibodies on monocyte-epithelial adhesion. These inhibitory actions of CLT were, at least in part, attributable to the inhibition of redox sensitive NF-kappaB activation, as CLT inhibited TNF-alpha-induced ROS generation as well as NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and activation in HT29 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion was also mimicked by the specific NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Inflammatory mediators including TNF-alpha have known to promote angiogenesis, which in turn further contributes to inflammatory pathology. Therefore, we additionally evaluated whether CLT modulates TNF-alpha-induced angiogenesis using in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The CAM assay showed that CLT dose-dependently attenuated TNF-alpha-induced angiogenesis, and the effect was correlated with decreased inflammation of the CAM tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest that CLT can inhibit TNF-alpha-triggered expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and angiogenesis during inflammation.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.forename: Jong Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-Yeon
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Han Gon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Tae Cheon
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D020298:U937 Cells; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D003022:Clotrimazole