title: The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemo-radiation therapy on MRI staging in invasive bladder cancer: comparative study based on the pathological examination of whole layer bladder wall.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the correlation of radiological findings obtained by MRI study with pathological diagnosis in invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients, who underwent total or partial cystectomy for invasive bladder tumors, were enrolled into the present study. Eight cases had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy following the staging biopsy (group A), ten cases had received chemo-radiation therapy following the staging biopsy (group B), and nine cases had received preoperative staging biopsy alone (group C). As a final treatment, 12 of the 27 patients underwent total cystectomy and the other 15 patients underwent partial cystectomy. MRI was conducted prior to total or partial cystectomy in each case. The pathological stage was assessed by histological examination of the entire layer of the bladder wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor stage assessed by MRI was consistent with pathological findings in 16 of the 27 cases (59.3%), while MRI produced over-staging in 7 cases and under-staging in 4 cases. The accuracy of staging was 75.0, 30.0, and 77.8% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The accuracy of MRI staging in group B was lower than that in group C (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the accuracy of MRI staging between groups A and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is useful for the staging of bladder cancer. However, care needs to be taken when staging invasive bladder tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy, because inflammatory infiltrations and/or fibrous changes caused by the chemotherapy or chemo-radiation therapy make precise staging with MRI difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan. nishimk@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uozumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*