title: Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusions: the role of side-branch obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to review all percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed in our department for chronic total occlusions (CTO) over the last three years, and analyse the success rate and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrospectively studied all PCls for total occlusions of more than four weeks duration, performed between 2004 and 2006, after excluding multivessel PCI, venous grafts and in-stent restenosis (n=106 cases). The in-hospital complications were recorded; periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) was defined as elevation of troponin I more than 3 times the upper reference limit. Procedural success was defined as angiographic success and absence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, large MI, emergency bypass). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of success and complications. The procedural success was 77%, and was mainly associated with duration of occlusion less than three months (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.23-14.28, p = 0.02), preprocedural TIMI 1 coronary flow (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.00-10.82, p = 0.05) and absence of ipsilateral collaterals (OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.35-16.67, p = 0.01). Periprocedural MI occurred in 12 cases (12%), while MACE occurred in 3 (3%). The only parameter significantly associated with periprocedural MI was the obstruction of side-branches (with diameter >1 mm) within 5 mm of the CTO (OR 10.00, 95% CI 1.76-56.67, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our CTO cohort the success rate was 77%, with a low complication rate. Periprocedural MI was mainly due to obstruction of side-branches.
authors.affiliation: Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 1st Cardiology Department, Athens, Greece. ipaizis@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paizis
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manginas
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voudris
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavlides
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spargias
authors.forename: Dennis V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I