title: Computer assisted surgery of the distal humerus can employ contralateral images for pre-operative planning, registration, and surgical intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone loss at the distal humerus can lead to errors in the identification of the elbow's flexion-extension axis. Referencing the anatomy of the contralateral (uninjured) elbow may prove beneficial in accurately defining this axis. The objective of this study was to compare distal humeral morphology between paired specimens and determine whether geometric differences exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical CT images of 25 paired, dry cadaveric, distal humeri were acquired and a range of anatomic characteristics were measured, following registration of each pair to a common coordinate system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anthropometric features of the distal humerus were similar from side-to-side, with differences on the order of 1.0 degrees and 0.5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative imaging of the contralateral normal elbow may be employed in patients with peri-articular bone loss, where referencing anatomic landmarks of the injured side is not possible.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Research Laboratory, The Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Graham J W
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010934:Planning Techniques; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed