title: Ultrasonography as predictor of permanent renal damage in infants with urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of ultrasound (US) in infants (<1 year) with acute urinary tract infection (UTI), to identify those with permanent renal damage (PRD) at scintigraphy 1 year later.
  
  
  METHODS
  US, dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy and voiding cystourethrography were performed in 191 infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US was abnormal in 46 infants (24%). PRD was found in 46 infants (24%); 19 of these had abnormal US (sensitivity 41%). In 145 infants without PRD, 27 had abnormal US (specificity 81%). Dilating reflux or verified obstruction occurred in 21 (11%) infants, of whom 18 (86%) had PRD while 28 of 170 (16%) without such diagnoses had PRD. Of 16 infants with dilating reflux, 9 (sensitivity 56%) had abnormal US and 14 (88%) PRD. Dilatation at US was seen in 27 children; 7 of these had dilating reflux and 5 verified obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US performed in association with acute UTI had limited ability to identify children with PRD at (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) 1 year later, although abnormal renal size was a strong indicator of renal damage. The ability of US to identify children with dilating reflux was also limited. However, once detected at US, dilatation of the urinary tract was associated with dilating reflux or obstruction in half of the cases. Our study confirms that dilating reflux and obstruction are strong indicators of PRD but only half of those who developed PRD had such diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Iulian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Preda
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sixt
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jodal
authors.forename: Sverker
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellström
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid