title: Hyperfractionated Accelerated Radiotherapy (HART) for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: toxicity and survival analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, and the current protocol of hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy was initiated to improve survival while limiting toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with ATC from 1991 to 2002 were accrued and received megavoltage radiotherapy from the mastoid processes to the carina up to 60 Gy in twice-daily fractions of 1.8 and 2 Gy, 6 hours apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients were accrued with a median age of 69 years, and 55% were women. Debulking was performed in 26%, and total thyroidectomy, in 6%, whereas 68% received radical radiotherapy alone. Local control data were available for 27 patients: 22% had a complete response, 26% had a partial response, 15% showed progressive disease, and 37% showed static disease. Median overall survival for all 31 patients was 70 days (95% confidence interval, 40-99). There was no significant difference in median survival between patients younger (70 days) and older than 70 years (42 days), between men (70 days) and women (49 days), and between patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy (77 days) and radical radiotherapy alone (35 days). Grade III or higher skin erythema was seen in 56% patients; desquamation in 21%; dysphagia in 74%; and esophagitis in 79%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current protocol failed to offer a significant survival benefit, was associated with severe toxicities, and thus was discontinued. There is a suggestion that younger patients with operable disease have longer survival, but this would require a larger study to confirm it.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck/Thyroid Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom. drprasadraj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandekar
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barbachano
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhys-Evans
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nutting
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newbold
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods