title: Clinical impact of altered immunoglobulin levels in Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was the identification of immunological features, present at the time of diagnosis, that would predict the severity of Henoch-Schönlein purpura and its outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was carried out in a tertiary pediatric hospital of 69 children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, in whom serum complement components C3, C4 and IgA, IgM, IgG were repeatedly determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the acute phase of the disease in 54/69 patients (78.3%) immunological imbalances were observed. In 24/54 cases (44.4%) certain complications involving the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract were noted as opposed to in 3/15 children (20%) without immunologic abnormalities. In 50/69 children (72.5%), elevated serum IgA was detected and 16 of them (32%) developed renal involvement while only 1/19 children (5.3%) with normal IgA concentration had renal involvement. Considering separately the group of 9/69 children (13%) with increased IgM and those with normal IgM levels (53/69; 76.8%), irrespective of IgA and IgG concentration, we found a comparable percentage of children who had both renal and intestinal involvement without, however, developing severe complications, which were exclusively seen in patients with increased IgA (5/7 children) and reduced IgM levels. Serum C3 fraction was elevated in 26 children (37.7%) and in 73% of cases it was associated with increased serum IgA values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal involvement was seen in 32% of children with increased IgA values. Most importantly, elevated IgA concentration along with reduced IgM levels was associated with higher prevalence of severe complications.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece. maria- m@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fretzayas
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sionti
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moustaki
authors.forename: Polyxeni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolaidou
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007162:Immunoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007162:Immunoproteins