title: Endoscopic sedation in Greece: results from a nationwide survey for the Hellenic Foundation of gastroenterology and nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent surveys regarding practices in sedation during endoscopic procedures are limited, particularly in Greece where they are nonexistent. This survey was designed to provide national data on sedation practices in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 27-item survey regarding practices of endoscopy and sedation was mailed nationwide to 502 members of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 201 questionnaires were returned (40%). Survey respondents performed an average of 48 oesophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) and 35 colonoscopies per month. 50 of the respondents, who perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), conducted an average of 10 ERCP per month. 15 of the respondents, who perform endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), conducted an average of 6 EUS per month. Respondents administered sedation intravenously in 64% of EGD, 78% of colonoscopies, 100% of ERCP and 100% of EUS. 125 of the respondents (62.1%) reported the use of synergistic sedation (benzodiazepines plus opioids), 71 of the respondents (35.3%) reported the use of benzodiazepines alone and 68 of the respondents (33.8%) reported the use of propofol based sedation in selected cases (more than one response was permitted). In most cases, propofol administration was directed by an anaesthesiologist. The majority of the respondents monitored vital signs and pulse oximetry (90% and 96%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of sedation and physiologic monitoring in Greece is now standard practice during endoscopy. Benzodiazepines, either alone or combined with an opioid, are used by the majority of endoscopists, while propofol is used in selected cases, mainly in the presence of an anaesthesiologist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Benizelion General Hospital, L. Knossou, Heraklion, Crete 71409, Greece. paspati@admin.teiher.gr
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Paspatis
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Manolaraki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tribonias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vardas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chlouverakis
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Karamanolis
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003625:Data Collection; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'