title: Testing the effects of educational strategies on comprehension of a genomic concept using virtual reality technology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Applying genetic susceptibility information to improve health will likely require educating patients about abstract concepts, for which there is little existing research. This experimental study examined the effect of learning mode on comprehension of a genomic concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  156 individuals aged 18-40 without specialized knowledge were randomly assigned to either a virtual reality active learning or didactic learning condition. The outcome was comprehension (recall, transfer, mental models).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change in recall was greater for didactic learning than for active learning (p<0.001). Mean transfer and change in mental models were also higher for didactic learning (p<0.0001 and p<0.05, respectively). Believability was higher for didactic learning (p<0.05), while ratings for motivation (p<0.05), interest (p<0.0001), and enjoyment (p<0.0001) were higher for active learning, but these variables did not mediate the association between learning mode and comprehension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that learning mode affects comprehension, but additional research is needed regarding how and in what contexts different approaches are best for educating patients about abstract concepts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Didactic, interpersonal health education approaches may be more effective than interactive games in educating patients about abstract, unfamiliar concepts. These findings indicate the importance of traditional health education approaches in emerging areas like genomics.
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kkaphing@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kaphingst
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.forename: Cade
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lachance
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loewenstein
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blascovich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D032882:Comprehension; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D017145:Models, Educational; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface