title: In vitro analysis of cell metabolism using a long-decay pH-sensitive lanthanide probe and extracellular acidification assay.
abstract: Metabolic perturbations play a critical role in a variety of disease states and toxicities. Therefore, knowledge of the interplay between the two main cellular ATP generating pathways, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, is particularly informative when examining such perturbations. Here we describe a new fluorescence-based screening assay for the assessment of glycolytic flux and demonstrate the value of such analysis in assessing the cellular "energy budget." The assay employs a long-decay pH-sensitive lanthanide probe to monitor extracellular acidification (ECA) in standard 96- or 384-well plates on a time-resolved fluorescence plate reader. The simple mix-and-measure procedure and fluorescence lifetime-based pH sensing allow the use of standard adherent cell culture techniques, providing high sample throughput and excellent assay performance. The assay also facilitates multiplexed or parallel analysis with existing oxygen consumption and ATP assays, thereby providing a detailed multiparametric assessment of cell metabolism. Data on cellular CO(2) production can also be obtained by comparing sealed and unsealed samples. The utility of the approach in assessing perturbed cell metabolism is demonstrated using a panel of metabolic effectors with known mechanisms of action. More complex metabolic stimuli, such as G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and perturbed ion homeostasis, are also examined.
authors.affiliation: Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Center, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.forename: Tomás C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Zhdanov
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uray
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Dmitri B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Papkovsky
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate