title: Mesenchymal stem cells facilitate the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from cryopreserved poor-quality embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have opened up a new area of research in biomedicine. The efficiency of hESC derivation from frozen poor-quality embryos is low and normally achieved by plating embryos on mouse or human foreskin feeders (HFFs). We attempted to optimize embryo survival and hESC derivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three conditions were tested on frozen poor-quality embryos: (i) embryo treatment with the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632; (ii) use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as feeders; and (iii) laser drilling (LD) for inner cell mass (ICM) isolation. Two hundred and nineteen thawed embryos were randomly treated with (n = 110) or without (n = 109) 10 microM Y-27632. Surviving embryos that developed to blastocyst stage (n = 50) were randomly co-cultured on HFFs (n = 21) or hMSCs (n = 29). ICM isolation was either by whole-blastocyst culture (WBC) or WBC plus LD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embryo survival was 52% higher with Y-27632. hMSCs appeared to facilitate ICM outgrowth and hESC derivation: three hESC lines were derived on hMSCs (10.3% efficiency) whereas no hESC line was derived on HFFs. ROCK inhibition and ICM isolation method did not affect hESC efficiency. The lines derived on hMSCs (AND-1, -2, -3) were characterized and showed typical hESC morphology, euploidy, surface marker and transcription factor expression and multilineage developmental potential. The hESC lines have been stable for over 38 passages on hMSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that Y-27632 increases post-thaw embryo survival and that hMSCs may facilitate the efficiency of hESC derivation from frozen poor-quality embryos.
authors.affiliation: Andalusian Stem Cell Bank, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, CSJA-UGR, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ligero
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Aranda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elosua
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramos-Mejía
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maleno
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menendez
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases