title: Association of early-life exposure to household gas appliances and indoor nitrogen dioxide with cognition and attention behavior in preschoolers.
abstract: The authors investigated the association of early-life exposure to indoor air pollution with neuropsychological development in preschoolers and assessed whether this association differs by glutathione-S-transferase gene (GSTP1) polymorphisms. A prospective, population-based birth cohort was set up in Menorca, Spain, in 1997-1999 (n = 482). Children were assessed for cognitive functioning (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities) and attention-hyperactivity behaviors (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) at age 4 years. During the first 3 months of life, information about gas appliances at home and indoor nitrogen dioxide concentration was collected at each participant's home (n = 398, 83%). Genotyping was conducted for the GSTP1 coding variant Ile105Val. Use of gas appliances was inversely associated with cognitive outcomes (beta coefficient for general cognition = -5.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.92, -0.28; odds ratio for inattention symptoms = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.14, 11.33), independent of social class and other confounders. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were associated with cognitive function (a decrease of 0.27 point per 1 ppb, 95% CI: -0.48, -0.07) and inattention symptoms (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). The deleterious effect of indoor pollution from gas appliances on neuropsychological outcomes was stronger in children with the GSTP1 Val-105 allele. Early-life exposure to air pollution from indoor gas appliances may be negatively associated with neuropsychological development through the first 4 years of life, particularly among genetically susceptible children.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Julvez
authors.forename: Maties
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torrent
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cid
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guxens
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Künzli
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000483:Alleles; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D005740:Gases / Q000633:toxicity*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006794:Household Articles; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide