Biology of bovine herpesvirus 5.
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and is closely antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Both viruses have common aspects in their pathogenesis: (1) they infect epithelial cells at the portal of entry and (2) they establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia, i.e., the trigeminal ganglia. However, they have different neuroinvasion and neurovirulence capacities. Only in rare cases can BoHV-1 reach the brain of infected cattle. BoHV-5 infection induces different degrees of severity of neurological disease depending on both viral and host factors. Although a case of BoHV-5 associated disease in Europe and some outbreaks in USA and Australia have been reported, the current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. This review focuses on the genomic characteristics, pathobiology and epidemiology of BoHV-5, in order to provide information on the possible basis of alphaherpesvirus neuropathogenesis.
Del Médico Zajac
María P
MP
Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ladelfa
María F
MF
Kotsias
Fiorella
F
Muylkens
Benoît
B
Thiry
Julien
J
Thiry
Etienne
E
Romera
Sonia A
SA
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D025881:Herpesvirus 5, Bovine / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D014765:Viral Vaccines