title: Radiosurgical treatment planning for intracranial AVM based on images generated by principal component analysis--a simulation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most important factors in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is to determine accurate target delineation of the nidus. However, since intracranial AVMs are complicated in structure, it is often difficult to clearly determine the target delineation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the usefulness of principal component analysis (PCA) on intra-arterial contrast enhanced dynamic CT (IADCT) images as a tool for delineating accurate target volumes for stereotactic radiosurgery of AVMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  IADCT and intravenous contrast-enhanced CT (IVCT) were used to examine 4 randomly selected cases of AVM. PCA images were generated from the IADCT data. The first component images were considered feeding artery predominant, the second component images were considered draining vein predominant, and the third component images were considered background. Target delineations were first carried out from IVCT, and then again while referring to the first and second components of the PCA images. Dose calculation simulations for radiosurgical treatment plans with IVCT and PCA images were performed. Dose volume histograms of the vein areas as well as the target volumes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, the calculated target volumes based on IVCT images were larger than those based on PCA images, and the irradiation doses for the vein areas were reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we simulated radiosurgical treatment planning for intracranial AVM based on PCA images. By using PCA images, the irradiation doses for the vein areas were substantially reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. kawaguti@rad.med.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nyui
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kunieda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onozuka
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Subaru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed