title: Evaluation of aFGF/bFGF and FGF signaling pathway in the wall of varicose veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extensive extracellular matrix remodeling of the vein wall is involved in varicose veins pathogenesis. The process is controlled by numerous factors, including peptide growth factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate acidic (aFGF) and basic (bFGF) fibroblast growth factors, their receptor (FGFR) and the MAP kinase pathway (ERK 1/2) in the wall of varicose and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis, when compared to normal ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segments of normal, varicose, and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis were collected during varicose veins surgery in 17 patients. Expression and content of aFGF and bFGF were evaluated with Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively, whereas RT-PCR was employed to assess mRNA level of growth factors. Expression of FGFR and ERK 1/2 was examined with Western blot method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased aFGF expression and content were accompanied by increased aFGF mRNA level in the wall of varicose veins. Furthermore, alternatively spliced aFGF mRNA was shown in varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis. Expression, content, and mRNA level of bFGF were comparable in the investigated material. FGFR and ERK 1/2 expression was demonstrated in the wall of diseased veins, however, without any significant differences in comparison with the wall of normal veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpressed aFGF in the wall of varicose veins via FGFR and the MAP kinase pathway may influence expression of enzymes involved in extracellular matrix metabolism and play a role in vein wall remodeling, as well as in the disease pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. korado@2com.pl
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kowalewski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malkowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobolewski
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gacko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000150:complications; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases