The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study: a resource for the study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of myocardial infarction in South Asia.
The burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing at a greater rate in South Asia than in any other region globally, but there is little direct evidence about its determinants. The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS) is an epidemiological resource to enable reliable study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of CHD in South Asia. By March 2009, PROMIS had recruited over 5,000 cases of first-ever confirmed acute myocardial infarction (MI) and over 5,000 matched controls aged 30-80 years. For each participant, information has been recorded on demographic factors, lifestyle, medical and family history, anthropometry, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. A range of biological samples has been collected and stored, including DNA, plasma, serum and whole blood. During its next stage, the study aims to expand recruitment to achieve a total of about 20,000 cases and about 20,000 controls, and, in subsets of participants, to enrich the resource by collection of monocytes, establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines, and by resurveying participants. Measurements in progress include profiling of candidate biochemical factors, assay of 45,000 variants in 2,100 candidate genes, and a genomewide association scan of over 650,000 genetic markers. We have established a large epidemiological resource for CHD in South Asia. In parallel with its further expansion and enrichment, the PROMIS resource will be systematically harvested to help identify and evaluate genetic and other determinants of MI in South Asia. Findings from this study should advance scientific understanding and inform regionally appropriate disease prevention and control strategies.
Saleheen
Danish
D
Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. ds436@medschl.cam.ac.uk
Zaidi
Moazzam
M
Rasheed
Asif
A
Ahmad
Usman
U
Hakeem
Abdul
A
Murtaza
Muhammed
M
Kayani
Waleed
W
Faruqui
Azhar
A
Kundi
Assadullah
A
Zaman
Khan Shah
KS
Yaqoob
Zia
Z
Cheema
Liaquat Ali
LA
Samad
Abdus
A
Rasheed
Syed Zahed
SZ
Mallick
Nadeem Hayat
NH
Azhar
Muhammad
M
Jooma
Rashid
R
Gardezi
Ali Raza
AR
Memon
Nazir
N
Ghaffar
Abdul
A
Fazal-ur-Rehman
Khan
Nadir
N
Shah
Nabi
N
Ali Shah
Asad
A
Samuel
Maria
M
Hanif
Farina
F
Yameen
Madiha
M
Naz
Sobia
S
Sultana
Aisha
A
Nazir
Aisha
A
Raza
Shehzad
S
Shazad
Muhammad
M
Nasim
Sana
S
Javed
Muhammad Ahsan
MA
Ali
Syed Saadat
SS
Jafree
Mehmood
M
Nisar
Muhammad Imran
MI
Daood
Muhammad Salman
MS
Hussain
Altaf
A
Sarwar
Nadeem
N
Kamal
Ayeesha
A
Deloukas
Panos
P
Ishaq
Muhammad
M
Frossard
Philippe
P
Danesh
John
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001208:Asia; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires