title: Use of Doppler ultrasound to assess femoral artery adaptations in the hemiparetic limb in people with stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reduction in physical activity combined with decreased demand for leg oxygen consumption may affect blood flow to the hemiparetic lower extremity after stroke. The purpose of this study was to characterize femoral artery adaptations that occur in the hemiparetic leg in chronic stroke. A secondary goal was to examine intrarater reliability using Doppler ultrasound in people with hemiparesis after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study used a sample of convenience at 2 locations (urban medical center and rural university). Eighteen individuals (68.4 +/- 3.7 years of age; 15 males) with chronic stroke (time since stroke: 5.7 +/- 1.1 years; 12 with right-side hemiparesis) participated in the study. Femoral artery blood flow, diameter, velocity and vessel wall thickness in the bilateral lower extremities were assessed using Doppler ultrasound. Intrarater reliability was determined for femoral artery diameter and blood flow velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Femoral artery blood flow, arterial diameter and blood flow velocity were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in the hemiparetic limb when compared to the less affected limb. Femoral artery vessel wall thickness was significantly greater (p = 0.002) in the hemiparetic limb. Doppler ultrasound intrarater reliability was strong and significant (intraclass correlation coefficient(3,1) >0.94, p < 0.0001) for femoral artery diameter and blood flow velocity measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that individuals with chronic stroke demonstrate vascular changes in the femoral artery of the hemiparetic limb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kans. 66160, USA. sbillinger@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Billinger
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kluding
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler