title: Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study.
abstract: Studies of the impact of mental disorders on educational attainment are rare in both high-income and low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.
  
  
  
  To examine the association between early-onset mental disorder and subsequent termination of education.
  
  
  
  Sixteen countries taking part in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative were surveyed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (n=41 688). Survival models were used to estimate associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent non-attainment of educational milestones.
  
  
  
  In high-income countries, prior substance use disorders were associated with non-completion at all stages of education (OR 1.4-15.2). Anxiety disorders (OR=1.3), mood disorders (OR=1.4) and impulse control disorders (OR=2.2) were associated with early termination of secondary education. In LAMI countries, impulse control disorders (OR=1.3) and substance use disorders (OR=1.5) were associated with early termination of secondary education.
  
  
  
  Onset of mental disorder and subsequent non-completion of education are consistently associated in both high-income and LAMI countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Centre, 7A, Block E, Staff Quarters, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breslau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Gaxiola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fayyad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oakley Browne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D017281:Cost of Illness; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004522:Educational Status; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013332:Student Dropouts / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data