title: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in predicting locoregional invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to clarify the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma we investigated its value in predicting locoregional invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients receiving curative esophagectomy and lymph node dissection were included. The relationship between PET/CT findings and pathology results were studied. Correlation between nodal uptake and the modified lymph node staging, which is based on number of involved nodes (N0 = no nodes; N1 = 1 to 3 nodes; N2 = more than 3 nodes), was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximal standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) was 5.09 +/- 4.00 in T1, 14.17 +/- 2.46 in T2, 13.32 +/- 3.96 in T3, and 10.37 +/- 1.94 in T4 primary tumor. The SUV(max) was significantly lower in stage T1 tumors than in stage T2 and T3 tumors. For regional nodal involvement, PET/CT findings significantly correlated with pathology results. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET/CT were only 57.1%, 83.3%, and 71.1%, respectively, and even lower for detecting nonregional lymph node metastasis. When stratified by the modified staging system, the mean SUV(max) was 0.64 +/- 1.60 in N0, 1.43 +/- 2.08 in N1, and 4.67 +/- 4.32 in N2 regional lymph node metastases, and was significantly higher in patients with N2 metastasis than in patients with N0 and N1 metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locoregional invasion in esophageal cancer can be predicted by PET/CT. The SUV(max) of the primary tumor helped identify T1 tumor, and the SUV(max) of the regional lymph nodes correlated with the severity of nodal involvement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. whhsu@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Wen-Hu
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Po-Kuei
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shyh-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ko-Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chien-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011868:Radioisotopes; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18