title: Neck-shoulder pain and depressive symptoms: a cohort study with a 7-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of neck-shoulder pain as a predictor of depression is not widely studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association of neck-shoulder pain at baseline with depressive symptomatology after a 7-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 604 subjects who had not had depressive symptomatology at baseline participated in 7-year follow-up survey. The number of subjects with depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Score10) after 7-year follow-up were measured in three groups - subjects without neck-shoulder pain, with infrequent neck-shoulder pain and with daily neck-shoulder pain at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 (13%) participants had developed depressive symptomatology by the follow-up. Prevalence of depressive symptomatology in follow-up in subjects without neck-shoulder pain, with infrequent neck-shoulder pain and with daily neck-shoulder pain at baseline pain was 9.5%, 11.2% and 28.4%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis odds for having depressive symptomatology in daily neck-shoulder pain subjects was almost three fold higher (OR, 2.64, 95% CI, 1.27-5.48) compared to those without neck-shoulder pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent neck-shoulder pain is a preceding symptom for the depressive symptomatology in adults.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Family Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäntyselkä
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lupsakko
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: Mauno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors