title: Salicylic acid alleviates NaCl-induced changes in the metabolism of Matricaria chamomilla plants.
abstract: Influence of 100 mM NaCl and 50 microM salicylic acid (SA) and their combination on the metabolism of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) during 7 days was studied. NaCl reduced growth and selected physiological parameters and SA in combined treatment (NaCl + SA) reversed majority of these symptoms. Application of SA reduced NaCl-induced increase of Na+ in the rosettes, but not in the roots. Accumulation of total amino acids was stimulated in NaCl-treated roots, especially due to exceptional increase of proline (4.4-fold). Among phenolic acids, accumulation of protocatechuic acid was the most enhanced in NaCl-exposed leaf rosettes (ca. 3-fold) while chlorogenic and caffeic acids in the roots (2.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively). Total soluble phenols increased after NaCl and SA treatments, but root lignin content was not affected. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and shikimate dehydrogenase increased in response to NaCl, but cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was not affected and polyphenol oxidase decreased. Stress parameters were elevated by NaCl treatment (superoxide radical and malondialdehyde content, activities of catalase, ascorbate- and guaiacol-peroxidase) and substantially prevented by SA, while accumulation of hydrogen peroxide decreased. Overall, SA showed strong beneficial properties against NaCl-induced negative symptoms. Protective effect of SA was the most visible at the level of guaiacol-peroxidase and through amelioration of stress parameters and mineral nutrient contents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Kosice, Slovak Republic. jozkovacik@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovácik
authors.forename: Borivoj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klejdus
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedbavny
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backor
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D031168:Matricaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008031:Lignin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C018656:cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; C022641:Shikimate dehydrogenase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; D020156:Salicylic Acid