title: NORdic trial of oral Methylprednisolone as add-on therapy to Interferon beta-1a for treatment of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (NORMIMS study): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with interferon beta is only partly effective, and new more effective and safe strategies are needed. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of oral methylprednisolone as an add-on therapy to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a to reduce the yearly relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  NORMIMS (NORdic trial of oral Methylprednisolone as add-on therapy to Interferon beta-1a for treatment of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis) was a randomised, placebo-controlled trial done in 29 neurology departments in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We enrolled outpatients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had had at least one relapse within the previous 12 months despite subcutaneous interferon beta-1a treatment (44 microg three times per week). We randomly allocated patients by computer to add-on therapy of either 200 mg methylprednisolone or matching placebo, both given orally on 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks for at least 96 weeks. The primary outcome measure was mean yearly relapse rate. Primary analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN16202527.
  
  
  RESULTS
  66 patients were assigned to interferon beta and oral methylprednisolone and 64 were assigned to interferon beta and placebo. A high proportion of patients withdrew from the study before week 96 (26% [17 of 66] on methylprednisolone vs 17% [11 of 64] on placebo). The mean yearly relapse rate was 0.22 for methylprednisolone compared with 0.59 for placebo (62% reduction, 95% CI 39-77%; p<0.0001). Sleep disturbance and neurological and psychiatric symptoms were the most frequent adverse events recorded in the methylprednisolone group. Bone mineral density had not changed after 96 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral methylprednisolone given in pulses every 4 weeks as an add-on therapy to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis leads to a significant reduction in relapse rate. However, because of the small number of patients and the high dropout rate, these findings need to be corroborated in larger cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. pss@rh.dk
authors.forename: Per Soelberg
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Svein Ivar
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Mellgren
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svenningsson
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elovaara
authors.forename: Jette Lautrup
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.forename: Antonie Giaever
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Beiske
authors.forename: Kjell-Morten
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Myhr
authors.forename: Lise Vejby
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Søgaard
authors.forename: Inge Christoffer
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Magnhild
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandberg-Wollheim
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a