title: Anemia in chronic heart failure.
abstract: Anemia is frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure and is increasingly recognized as an important and treatable condition. The present review will summarize the current knowledge of the prevalence, causative factors, and pathophysiologic correlates of anemia in chronic heart failure. Despite increasing knowledge of anemia there are very few evidence-based recommendations for treatment. Potential benefits of therapy with supplemental hematinics such as iron, subcutaneous erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, or both will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Cardiology Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Drakos
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Anastasiou-Nana
authors.forename: Konstantinos G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Malliaras
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nanas
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015984:Causality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D058085:Iron Compounds; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa