title: Race and sex differences in bone mineral density and geometry at the femur.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences in osteoporotic hip fracture incidence between American whites and blacks and between women and men are considered to result, in part, from differences in bone mineral density and geometry at the femur. The aim of this study was to quantify differences in femoral bone density and geometry between a large sample of healthy American white and black women and men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy American white (n=612) and black (n=164) premenopausal women, aged 23 to 57 years, and healthy American white (n=492) and black (n=169) men, aged 20 to 63 years, had volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry variables measured at the femur by computerized tomography (CT), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at femoral neck measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  American blacks had higher vBMD at the femoral neck and femoral shaft cortex than American whites whereas femoral axis length and femoral neck area were not different. Men had lower vBMD at the femoral neck and femoral cortex than women but had greater femoral axis length and femoral neck area than women. The higher aBMD in American blacks than whites persisted after correction for measured area whereas the higher aBMD in men than women disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the femoral neck, American whites have lower bone density than American blacks but similar geometry. Women have higher bone density than men in both races but have smaller geometry variables. The differences in bone density may account in part for the differences in hip fracture incidence between American blacks and whites, whereas the differences in femur size may account for the differences in hip fracture rates between men and women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA. mpeacock@iupui.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Buckwalter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persohn
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hangartner
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Econs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013851:Thinness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed