title: Robotic radical prostatectomy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer is feasible: results of a single-institution study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of robotic prostatectomy (RP) in patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2005 and February 2008, we performed RP in 357 patients by using the da Vinci robot system and a transperitoneal approach. We defined locally advanced PC as cases with a clinical T-stage >/=T3a with any serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or Gleason score. Among the 321 men not treated with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, 200 patients had clinically localized PC and 121 patients had locally advanced PC. We compared perioperative variables and early surgical outcomes between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although advanced PC patients had significantly higher mean preoperative PSA levels, prostatectomy Gleason scores, and extracapsular extension rates, there were no significant differences in mean operation time, estimated blood loss, duration of bladder catheterization, hospital stay, or initiation of a regular postoperative diet between the two groups. Except for some early cases, a bilateral extended lymphadenectomy was performed without difficulty in both groups. Although both the frequency of lymph node invasion and the positive surgical margin rates were higher in the advanced PC patients, the positive surgical margin rate (48.8%) in the present study was similar to those of open radical retropubic prostatectomy in other studies. The overall complication rate did not differ between the two groups. Two intraoperative rectal injuries occurred in patients with locally advanced PC and were closed primarily without specific problems, except for 1 case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that RP may be performed safely on patients with locally advanced PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Sung Yul
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Koon Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rha
authors.forename: Won Tae
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Deuk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen