title: High production of 2,3-butanediol from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae G31.
abstract: The microbial production of high amounts of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from glycerol as a sole carbon source by the Bulgarian isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae G31 was studied in a series of fed-batch processes. The following conditions were evaluated as optimal: micro-aerobic cultivation in modified media, without pH control. Beginning at pH 8, 49.2 g/l of 2,3-BD was produced as negligible concentrations of by-products were received. The pH is the most important factor ruling the 2,3-BD production. Spontaneous pH changes and products formation in time were investigated, performing fermentations with non-controlled pH starting at different initial pH. In lack of external maintenance, the microorganism attempted to control the pH using acetate/2,3-BD alternations of the oxidative pathway of glycerol catabolism, which resulted in pH fluctuations. Thus, the culture secreted 2,3-BD at unequal portions, either allowing or detaining the acetate synthesis. More alkaline initial pH led to enhanced 2,3-BD accumulation as a response to the increased amplitudes of the pH variations. When the pH was maintained constant, the yield of 2,3-BD was very poor. These cultures remained viable only 72 h; whereas, the pH self-controlling cells lived and produced 2,3-BD up to 280 h. In conclusion, the formation of 2,3-BD is a result of an adaptive mechanism of pH self-control, responding to spontaneous pH drops during glycerol fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 103, Acad. G. Bonchev str, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria. kaloian04@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kaloyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.forename: Penka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrova
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000332:Aerobiosis; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002072:Butylene Glycols; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C026978:2,3-butylene glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D019342:Acetic Acid