title: Trans rectal ultra sound guided prostate biopsies: a single centre experience in Sri Lanka.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trans rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS) was introduced to Sri Lanka in 2002.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1. To study clinicopathological features of males subjected to TRUS biopsy 2. To compare estimation of tumour burden by two methods in carcinoma prostate (CaP).
  
  
  METHODS
  749 symptomatic males subjected to TRUS biopsy over 64 months at a single centre. Information was retrieved from case records. Tumour burden in CaP was calculated as: 1. Calculated tumour burden (CTB)--total percentage tumour in each core/total number of cores 2. Percentage positive biopsy cores (PPBC)--number of positive cores/total number of cores X 100. SPSS 15.0, student's t test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35.2% had CaP, microacinar in type. 34.88% were poorly differentiated. CaP was frequent among older patients (P<0.00001). The prostate volume in CaP was significantly lower than in the benign group (P<0.05). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was significantly higher in CaP (P<0.00001). A 99.6% sensitivity and 4.7% specificity was observed at PSA of 4 ng/ml for detecting CaP. Specificity was 98% at 25.5 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 44.4%. CTB and PPBC had similar correlations with biochemical/histological parameters of CaP and were strongly correlated (0.786).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males with CaP were older, had higher PSA levels and smaller prostates. A cut off level of PSA >4 ng/ml could be used for directing symptomatic patients for TRUS biopsy to detect CaP, keeping in mind that specificity is 98% only at 25.5 ng/ml. Both CTB and PPBC could be used to calculate tumour burden in TRUS with CaP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: M D S
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lokuhetty
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Wijesinghe
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Abeysuriya
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Samarasinghe
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Perera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen