title: Changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application.
abstract: The effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost. Two different soils were used and Cd accumulation measured in above-ground oat biomass (Avena sativa L.). Increasing pH appears to be an important cause of the observed decreases in available cadmium through the composting process. A pot experiment was performed with two different amounts of compost (9.6 and 28.8 g per kg of soil) added into Fluvisol with total Cd 0.255 mg kg(-1), and contaminated Cambisol with total Cd 6.16 mg kg(-1). Decrease of extractable Cd (0.01 mol l(-1) CaCl(2)) was found in both soils after compost application. The higher amount of compost immobilized an exchangeable portion of Cd (0.11 mol l(-1) CH(3)COOH extractable) in contaminated Cambisol unlike in light Fluvisol. The addition of a low amount of compost decreased the content of Cd in associated above-ground oat biomass grown in both soils, while a high amount of compost decreased the Cd content in oats only in the Cambisol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic. hanc@af.czu.cz
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanc
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tlustos
authors.forename: Jirina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szakova
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Habart
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006109:Poaceae; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D002104:Cadmium