title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory kaempferol glycosides from Sedum dendroideum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the compounds responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects previously described for Sedum dendroideum, through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through mouse acetic acid-induced writhing model. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema and carrageenan-induced peritonitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Sedum dendroideum juice afforded seven known flavonoids identified with basis on NMR data. The oral administration of the major kaempferol glycosides kaempferitrin [1] (17.29 micromol/kg), kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside [2] (16.82 micromol/kg), kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside [3] (13.50 micromol/kg) or alpha-rhamnoisorobin [5] (23.13 micromol/kg) inhibited by 47.3%, 25.7%, 60.2% and 58.0%, respectively, the acetic acid-induced nociception (indomethacin: 27.95 micromol/kg, p.o.; 68.9%). Flavonoids 1, 2, 3 or 5, at the same doses, reduced by 39.5%, 46.5%, 35.6% and 33.3%, respectively, the croton oil-induced oedema (dexamethasone: 5.09 micromol/kg, s.c.; 83.7%) and impaired leukocyte migration by 42.9%, 46.3%, 50.4% and 49.6%, respectively (dexamethasone: 5.09 micromol/kg, s.c.; 66.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that the major kaempferol glycosides may account for the renowned medicinal use of Sedum dendroideum against pain and inflammatory troubles.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giany O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: De Melo
authors.forename: David do C
authors.initials: Ddo C
authors.lastname: Malvar
authors.forename: Frederico A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Vanderlinde
authors.forename: Fabio F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Priscila Andrade
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Elson A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Lécia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: de Matos
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Sônia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D003436:Croton Oil; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031963:Sedum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D044949:Kaempferols; D028321:Plant Preparations; C006552:kaempferol; D003436:Croton Oil; D002351:Carrageenan; D019342:Acetic Acid