title: Reduction of double Rayleigh scattering noise in distributed Raman amplifiers employing higher-order pumping.
abstract: We present a theoretical study of the performance of distributed Raman amplifiers with higher order pumping schemes, focusing in particular on double Rayleigh scattering (DRS) noise. Results show an unexpected significant DRS noise reduction for pumping order higher than third, allowing for an overall performance improvement of carefully designed distributed amplifiers, ensuring a large optical signal-to-noise ratio improvement together with reduced DRS-induced penalties.
authors.affiliation: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. gabriele.bolognini@sssup.it
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolognini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bononi
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008027:Light; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*