title: Development of RTOG consensus guidelines for the definition of the clinical target volume for postoperative conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define a prostate fossa clinical target volume (PF-CTV) for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials using postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  An RTOG-sponsored meeting was held to define an appropriate PF-CTV after radical prostatectomy. Data were presented describing radiographic failure patterns after surgery. Target volumes used in previous trials were reviewed. Using contours independently submitted by 13 radiation oncologists, a statistical imputation method derived a preliminary "consensus" PF-CTV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Starting from the model-derived CTV, consensus was reached for a CT image-based PF-CTV. The PF-CTV should extend superiorly from the level of the caudal vas deferens remnant to >8-12 mm inferior to vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA). Below the superior border of the pubic symphysis, the anterior border extends to the posterior aspect of the pubis and posteriorly to the rectum, where it may be concave at the level of the VUA. At this level, the lateral border extends to the levator ani. Above the pubic symphysis, the anterior border should encompass the posterior 1-2 cm of the bladder wall; posteriorly, it is bounded by the mesorectal fascia. At this level, the lateral border is the sacrorectogenitopubic fascia. Seminal vesicle remnants, if present, should be included in the CTV if there is pathologic evidence of their involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consensus on postoperative PF-CTV for RT after prostatectomy was reached and is available as a CT image atlas on the RTOG website. This will allow uniformity in defining PF-CTV for clinical trials that include postprostatectomy RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. michalski@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Jeff M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El Naqa
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seider
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pisansky
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catton
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Valicenti
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zietman
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Buyyounouski
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ménard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011631:Pubic Symphysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000592:standards*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000592:standards*; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging