title: [Spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the time course of spontaneous differentiation of in vitro cultured human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into hematopoietic cells to provide experimental evidence for induction of hematopoietic commitment of hESCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In human embryoid bodies (hEBs) derived from spontaneous differentiation of chESC3, a hESC cell line we established previously, the expressions of such genes as KDR, Bmi1, Scl and gata2 were detected by RT-PCR every other day during the 12-day differentiation to monitor the process of the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 was examined using flow cytometry to evaluate the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation of the cells on days 6, 8, 10 and 12. The spontaneously differentiated hESCs were seeded in the hematopoietic colony culture system to study the hematopoietic colony forming ability. Immunocytochemical staining for CD45 was performed on the hEBs to examine the emergence of mature hematopoietic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of the hematopoietic stem cell-related genes KDR and Bmi-1 were detected in the hESCs, and on days 4 to 6, the two genes were upregulated with prolonged cuture of the hEBs. Scl and gata2 gene expressions were detected since 6-8 days of culture and maintained high expressions till day 12. Flow cytometry revealed a gradual increase in CD34-positive cells in the culture, with positivity rates on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 of (1.4-/+0.4)%, (3.4-/+1.3)%, (5.5-/+2.2)%, and (5.1-/+1.7)%, respectively. The numbers of CD43-positive cell colonies on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 were 0, 7-/+2, 37-/+11, and 89-/+29 in each 10(5) cells, respectively. Immunocytochemical staining identified CD45-positive cells on days 10, 12, 15, and 18 in the cell colonies, with the positive cell numbers of 0, 40.5-/+15.09, 178.6-/+55.89, and 253.0-/+52.04, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hESCs undergo spontaneous hematopoietic differentiation in 3 stages, including the differentiation into germ layer-specific cells (days 6-8), expansion period of the hematopoitic progenitors (days 8-12), and maturation of the hematopoietic cells (after day 15).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering of Central South University, Human Stem Cell Engineering Research Center of China, Changsha 410078, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hui-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guang-xiu
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000073942:T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000073942:T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1; C069077:BMI1 protein, human; C494711:GATA2 protein, human; C067143:TAL1 protein, human