title: Proopiomelanocortin peptides are not essential for development of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behavioral sensitization is a result of neuroadaptation to repeated drug administration and is hypothesized to reflect an increased susceptibility to drug abuse. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides including beta-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone have been implicated in development of behavioral sensitization and the reinforcing effects of alcohol and other drugs of abuse. This study used a genetically engineered mouse strain that is deficient for neural POMC to directly determine if any POMC peptides are necessary for the development of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female mice deficient for POMC in neurons only (Pomc(-/-)Tg/Tg, KO) and wildtype (Pomc(+/+)Tg/Tg, WT) littermates were injected once daily with either saline or ethanol (i.p.) for 12 to 13 days. On ethanol test day (day 13 or 14) all mice from both treatment groups received an i.p. injection of ethanol immediately before a 15-minute analysis of locomotor activity. Blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was measured on ethanol test day immediately following the test session. Baseline locomotor activity was measured for 15 minutes after a saline injection 2 days later in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in BEC between genotypes (WT = 2.11 +/- 0.06; KO = 2.03 +/- 0.08 mg/ml). Both WT and nPOMC-deficient mice treated repeatedly with ethanol demonstrated a significant increase in locomotor activity on test day when compared to repeated saline-treated counterparts. In addition, mice of both genotypes in the repeated saline groups showed a significant locomotor stimulant response to acute ethanol injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Central POMC peptides are not required for either the acute locomotor stimulatory effect of ethanol or the development of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. While these peptides may modulate other ethanol-associated behaviors, they are not essential for development of behavioral sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Weight Regulation and Associated Disorders, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Science University, Portland, OR, USA. sharpea@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin