title: Nutrient profiling reveals potent inducers of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide due to crop losses and the contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins. The biosynthesis of trichothecenes by Fusarium spp. is highest during infection, but relatively low levels are produced from saprophytic growth in axenic culture. A strain of Fusarium graminearum was constructed where the promoter from the TRI5 trichothecene biosynthesis gene was fused to GFP. Using this strain in large-scale nutrient profiling, a variety of amines were identified that significantly induce TRI5 expression. Analysis of trichothecene levels in the culture filtrates revealed accumulation of the toxin to over 1000ppm in response to these inducers, levels either greater than or equivalent to those observed during infection. From this work, we propose that products of the arginine-polyamine biosynthetic pathway in plants may play a role in the induction of trichothecene biosynthesis during infection.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Queensland, Australia. donald.gardiner@csiro.au
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazan
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Manners
mesh_terms: D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014255:Trichothecenes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins