title: Measurements of the wall shear stress distribution in the outflow tract of an embryonic chicken heart.
abstract: In order to study the role of blood-tissue interaction in the developing chicken embryo heart, detailed information about the haemodynamic forces is needed. In this study, we present the first in vivo measurements of the three-dimensional distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) in the outflow tract (OFT) of an embryonic chicken heart. The data are obtained in a two-step process: first, the three-dimensional flow fields are measured during the cardiac cycle using scanning microscopic particle image velocimetry; second, the location of the wall and the WSS are determined by post-processing flow velocity data (finding velocity gradients at locations where the flow approaches zero). The results are a three-dimensional reconstruction of the geometry, with a spatial resolution of 15-20 microm, and provides detailed information about the WSS in the OFT. The most significant error is the location of the wall, which results in an estimate of the uncertainty in the WSS values of 20 per cent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 21, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands. c.poelma@tudelft.nl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poelma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van der Heiden
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hierck
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Poelmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerweel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000502:physiology