title: Identification of the Candida albicans Cap1p regulon.
abstract: Cap1p, a transcription factor of the basic region leucine zipper family, regulates the oxidative stress response (OSR) in Candida albicans. Alteration of its C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) results in Cap1p nuclear retention and transcriptional activation. To better understand the function of Cap1p in C. albicans, we used genome-wide location profiling (chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip) to identify its transcriptional targets in vivo. A triple-hemagglutinin (HA(3)) epitope was introduced at the C terminus of wild-type Cap1p (Cap1p-HA(3)) or hyperactive Cap1p with an altered CRD (Cap1p-CSE-HA(3)). Location profiling using whole-genome oligonucleotide tiling microarrays identified 89 targets bound by Cap1p-HA(3) or Cap1p-CSE-HA(3) (the binding ratio was at least twofold; P < or = 0.01). Strikingly, Cap1p binding was detected not only at the promoter region of its target genes but also at their 3' ends and within their open reading frames, suggesting that Cap1p may associate with the transcriptional or chromatin remodeling machinery to exert its activity. Overrepresented functional groups of the Cap1p targets (P < or = 0.02) included 11 genes involved in the OSR (CAP1, GLR1, TRX1, SOD1, CAT1, and others), 13 genes involved in response to drugs (PDR16, MDR1, FLU1, YCF1, FCR1, and others), 4 genes involved in phospholipid transport (PDR16, GIT1, RTA2, and orf19.932), and 3 genes involved in the regulation of nitrogen utilization (GST3, orf19.2693, and orf19.3121), suggesting that Cap1p has other cellular functions in addition to the OSR. Bioinformatic analyses of the bound sequences suggest that Cap1p recognizes the DNA motif 5'-MTKASTMA. Finally, transcriptome analyses showed that increased expression generally accompanies Cap1p binding at its targets, indicating that Cap1p functions as a transcriptional activator.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Sadri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Znaidi
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alarco
authors.forename: Teresa T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D011485:Protein Binding; D018085:Regulon; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C426523:CAP1 protein, Candida albicans; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators