title: Confocal laser endomicroscopy and ultrasound endoscopy during the same endoscopic session for diagnosis and staging of gastric neoplastic lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Confocal LASER endomicroscopy (CLE) is a newly developed endoscopic technique which allows subsurface in vivo histological assessment during ongoing endoscopy and targeted biopsies. Ultrasound endoscopy (EUS) is a useful tool in staging upper GI malignant lesions. We describe for the first time the use of both techniques during the same endoscopic session, in a pilot study, in order to increase the diagnostic yield of histological assessment and provide the staging of the gastric neoplastic lesions thus decreasing the time to therapeutic decision.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  CLE has been performed with the Pentax EG-3870CIK confocal endomicroscope after a 5 ml intravenous 10% fluorescein injection; EUS has been performed subsequently, during the same endoscopic Propofol sedation session, using a standard radial EUS-scope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients have been investigated, 4 females, 7 males, mean age 59.7 +/- 12.3 years. The indication of CLE/EUS exploration was the presence of a gastric polypoid lesion in 37% of cases, atypical gastric ulcer in 27% of patients, gastric lymphoma 18%, suspicion of gastric cancer recurrence after resection 9% and infiltrating type gastric cancer 9%. Histological assessment after targeted biopsy has established the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma in 55% of cases, gastric lymphoma in 18% of cases, gastric adenoma, gastric GIST and gastric foveolar hyperplasia in 9% of cases respectively. CLE has allowed targeted biopsies in 81.8% of cases. In 2 patients - one case with suspected recurrent gastric cancer after surgery and one case of gastric lymphoma, CLE has indicated normal gastric mucosa. The EUS evaluation has shown TO lesion in two cases, T1 in 3 cases, T2 in 3 cases, T3 in one case. The EUS evaluation showed in one gastric lymphoma patient a lesion interesting the mucosa and submucosa with regional adenopathy and a submucosal lesion with regional adenopathy in the other gastric lymphoma case. The therapeutic decision was surgery in 73% of cases, chemotherapy and follow-up in 18% of cases and follow-up in 9% of cases. No complications were registered during the CLE/EUS explorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CLE and EUS can be successfully associated during the same endoscopic session, for upper GI neoplastic lesions allowing targeted biopsies for histological assessment and disease staging for optimal therapeutic decision.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest. drgheorghe@xnet.ro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gheorghe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iacob
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumbrava
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becheanu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ionescu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*