title: Computer-assisted antetorsion control prevents malrotation in femoral nailing: an experimental study and preliminary clinical case series.
abstract: METHODS
  The effect of fluoroscopy-based navigation for femoral fracture reduction on the prevention of malrotation was examined in an experimental setting followed by a first case series. Eleven cadaver femurs were used. All femurs were reduced by closed methods. An optoelectronic navigation system was utilized to check for fragment reduction and alignment. Fluoroscopic control without navigation was used as the control group. The Six Sigma Analysis [offset capability index (C (pk)) = 1.3] was used to compare the probability of outliers of more than 15 degrees . In the clinical case series the same navigation tool was used in ten non-consecutive patients with femoral fractures. Torsional differences between both legs were measured postoperatively by CT scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest malrotation in the navigated group was 7.0 degrees for the cadaver testings, while two femurs in the control group showed a difference of more than 10 degrees (10.3 degrees , 17.4 degrees). Only the navigated group showed a sufficient offset capability index (C (pk-navigated) = 1.83; C (pk-conventional) = 0.59). In the clinical series nine femurs were successfully reduced by navigation control. The average malrotation was 6.6 degrees . No patient had a torsional difference of more than 10 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Navigated femoral nailing reduces the risk for outliers of postoperative torsional differences and might avoid revision surgery for malrotation.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. goesling.thomas@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gösling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oszwald
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kendoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Citak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hufner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012399:Rotation; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface