Slow and steady is the key to beta-cell replication.
The beta-cells of the pancreas are responsible for insulin production and their destruction results in type I diabetes. beta-cell maintenance, growth and regenerative repair is thought to occur predominately, if not exclusively, through the replication of existing beta-cells, not via an adult stem cell. It was recently found that all beta-cells contribute equally to islet growth and maintenance. The fact that all beta-cells replicate homogeneously makes it possible to set up straightforward screens for factors that increase beta-cell replication either In vitro or in vivo. It is possible that a circulating factor may be capable of increasing beta-cell replication or that intrinsic cell cycle regulators may affect beta-cell growth. An improved understanding of the in vivo maintenance and growth of beta-cells will facilitate efforts to expand beta-cells In vitro and may lead to new treatments for diabetes.
Brennand
Kristen
K
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, HHMI and Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Melton
Doug
D
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology