title: Oriental surgical protocol in orbital hypertelorism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize and analyze the diagnosis, treatment protocol, and therapeutic effect of orbital hypertelorism in the past 30 years in our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study reviews the records of 128 patients from 1978 to 2008. Both radiologic measurements, such as the interorbital distance and the outer orbital distance, and anthropometric measurements, such as the width of the inner canthi (W-IC), the width of the palpebral fissure, the width of the face, and the nasofrontal angle, were conducted before and after the operation to evaluate both osseous and soft tissue alteration. An analysis of the etiology, surgical method, and complication has been undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main cause of orbital hypertelorism in our center was craniofacial cleft. Significant improvement in cranio-orbital appearance was noted, and 91.4% of the patients were satisfied with the surgical correction. Follow-up examinations showed a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements: interorbital distance; outer orbital distance; facial ratios W-IC/width of the palpebral fissure and W-IC/width of the face (P < 0.01); and nasofrontal angle (P < 0.05). Temporary complications and side effects remained low, with cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred as the major complication (6.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are several important protocols regarding the management of orbital hypertelorism that will provide patients with great benefit in achieving more aesthetic facial appearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiongzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Zheyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Meixiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Zhilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tisheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shengzhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult