title: Hemodialysis facility-based quality-of-care indicators and facility-specific patient outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated whether incremental achievement of up to 8 facility quality goals was associated with improvement in facility-specific mortality and hospitalization rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,085 Fresenius Medical Care, North America facilities providing hemodialysis (HD) for 25 or more patients during January 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The facility average for the period up to December 31, 2006, was used to determine achievement of each goal for equilibrated Kt/V, missed HD treatments, hemoglobin level, bicarbonate level, albumin level, phosphorus level, fistulae, and HD catheters. Linear regression models were used to relate facility-wide achievement of goals with facility-specific hospital days and standardized mortality ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most facilities (64%) achieved 2 to 4 of 8 goals, with only 8% meeting more than 5 quality goals. Achieving more than 5 goals averaged 3.5 fewer hospital days/patient-year and 20% lower standardized mortality ratios (all P < 0.001). The incremental number of goals met also was associated with improvement in facility mortality (P < 0.001) and hospital days (P < 0.001). Catheter and albumin level goals were achieved least (6% and 9% of facilities, respectively), but they had the best outcomes. Facilities achieving more than 5 goals had older patients (64.0 versus 61.5 years; P < 0.001), fewer African American patients (16% versus 38%; P < 0.001), and fewer women (44% versus 46%; P = 0.003) compared with the average.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observational design with residual confounding from unmeasured patient-, facility-, and treatment-related factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achieving more facility quality goals was significantly associated with better facility-based measurements of patient outcomes. Although these results do not establish a causal relationship, findings agree with the present practice of monitoring facility performance for continuous quality improvement.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science, Epidemiology, and Research, Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, MA 02451-1457, USA. elacsonj@fmc-na.com
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lacson
authors.forename: Weiling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends