title: Injury reduction effectiveness of selecting running shoes based on plantar shape.
abstract: Popular running magazines and running shoe companies suggest that imprints of the bottom of the feet (plantar shape) can be used as an indication of the height of the medial longitudinal foot arch and that this can be used to select individually appropriate types of running shoes. This study examined whether or not this selection technique influenced injury risk during United States Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). After foot examinations, BCT recruits in an experimental group (E: n = 1,079 men and 451 women) selected motion control, stability, or cushioned shoes for plantar shapes judged to represent low, medium, or high foot arches, respectively. A control group (C: n = 1,068 men and 464 women) received a stability shoe regardless of plantar shape. Injuries during BCT were determined from outpatient medical records. Other previously known injury risk factors (e.g., age, fitness, and smoking) were obtained from a questionnaire and existing databases. Multivariate Cox regression controlling for other injury risk factors showed little difference in injury risk between the E and C groups among men (risk ratio (E/C) = 1.01; 95% confidence interval = 0.88-1.16; p = 0.87) or women (risk ratio (E/C) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval = 0.91-1.25; p = 0.44). In practical application, this prospective study demonstrated that selecting shoes based on plantar shape had little influence on injury risk in BCT. Thus, if the goal is injury prevention, this selection technique is not necessary in BCT.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA. joseph.knapik@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knapik
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Swedler
authors.forename: Tyson L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Grier
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hauret
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Kelly W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Salima S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Darakjy
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D012775:Shoes; D014481:United States