title: The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study: a resource for the study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of myocardial infarction in South Asia.
abstract: The burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing at a greater rate in South Asia than in any other region globally, but there is little direct evidence about its determinants. The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS) is an epidemiological resource to enable reliable study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of CHD in South Asia. By March 2009, PROMIS had recruited over 5,000 cases of first-ever confirmed acute myocardial infarction (MI) and over 5,000 matched controls aged 30-80 years. For each participant, information has been recorded on demographic factors, lifestyle, medical and family history, anthropometry, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. A range of biological samples has been collected and stored, including DNA, plasma, serum and whole blood. During its next stage, the study aims to expand recruitment to achieve a total of about 20,000 cases and about 20,000 controls, and, in subsets of participants, to enrich the resource by collection of monocytes, establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines, and by resurveying participants. Measurements in progress include profiling of candidate biochemical factors, assay of 45,000 variants in 2,100 candidate genes, and a genomewide association scan of over 650,000 genetic markers. We have established a large epidemiological resource for CHD in South Asia. In parallel with its further expansion and enrichment, the PROMIS resource will be systematically harvested to help identify and evaluate genetic and other determinants of MI in South Asia. Findings from this study should advance scientific understanding and inform regionally appropriate disease prevention and control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. ds436@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Danish
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authors.lastname: Saleheen
authors.forename: Moazzam
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authors.lastname: Zaidi
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authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: Usman
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authors.lastname: Ahmad
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authors.lastname: Hakeem
authors.forename: Muhammed
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authors.forename: Waleed
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authors.forename: Azhar
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authors.forename: Assadullah
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authors.lastname: Kundi
authors.forename: Khan Shah
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authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: Liaquat Ali
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: Abdus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samad
authors.forename: Syed Zahed
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authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: Nadeem Hayat
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authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Muhammad
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authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jooma
authors.forename: Ali Raza
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authors.lastname: Gardezi
authors.forename: Nazir
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authors.lastname: Memon
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.lastname: Fazal-ur-Rehman
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nabi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali Shah
authors.forename: Maria
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authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Farina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Madiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yameen
authors.forename: Sobia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: Shehzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shazad
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.forename: Muhammad Ahsan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Syed Saadat
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Mehmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jafree
authors.forename: Muhammad Imran
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nisar
authors.forename: Muhammad Salman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Daood
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Ayeesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deloukas
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishaq
authors.forename: Philippe
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authors.lastname: Frossard
authors.forename: John
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mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001208:Asia; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires