title: Structure-guided design, synthesis, and evaluation of salicylic acid-based inhibitors targeting a selectivity pocket in the active site of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1).
abstract: The first design, synthesis, and evaluation of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1) inhibitors based on the recently published crystal structure of its ternary complex with inhibitor are reported. While the enzyme-inhibitor interactions observed in the crystal structure remain conserved with the newly designed inhibitors, the additional phenyl group of the most potent compound, 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, targets a nonconserved hydrophobic pocket in the active site of AKR1C1 resulting in 21-fold improved potency (K(i) = 4 nM) over the structurally similar 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform (AKR1C2). The compound is hydrogen bonded to Tyr55, His117, and His222, and the phenyl ring forms additional van der Waals interactions with residues Leu308, Phe311, and the nonconserved Leu54 (Val in AKR1C2). Additionally, the metabolism of progesterone in AKR1C1-overexpressed cells was potently inhibited by 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, which was effective from 10 nM with an IC(50) value equal to 460 nM.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. ossama.el-kabbani@pharm.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Kabbani
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Scammells
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gosling
authors.forename: Urmi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dhagat
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D015089:20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002460:Cell Line; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012459:Salicylates; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012459:Salicylates; C104231:3-phenylsalicylic acid; D011374:Progesterone; D015089:20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C115140:3 alpha-beta, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; D020156:Salicylic Acid