title: Effect of different bonding agents on prevention of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Demineralization around the bracket is an undesired side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5 bonding agents to prevent enamel demineralization. Two quantification methods were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five extracted teeth were randomly allocated to 5 groups: (1) Transbond Plus SEP and Transbond XT (both, 3M Unitek, Seefeld, Germany), (2) 37% phosphoric acid, Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill) and Transbond XT, (3) Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan) and Transbond XT, (4) 37% phosphoric acid and Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products), and (5) Ortho Conditioner and Fuji Ortho LC (both, GC, Tokyo, Japan). In-vitro caries was created by pH cycling for 30 days. After demineralization, the teeth were scanned with a commercial cone-beam microtomographic system. Then the teeth were examined by polarized light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 methods of examination showed significant differences among the 5 groups according to lesion depth and mineral loss (P < 0.01). The resin-modified glass ionomer cement (group 5) had the lowest values for lesion depth and mineral loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fuji Ortho LC showed a significantly smaller lesion depth and less mineral loss compared with the other materials. The cone-beam microtomographic system is suitable for evaluation of subsurface lesions and has considerable advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. epaschos@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Ekaterini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paschos
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleinschrodt
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clementino-Luedemann
authors.forename: Karin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kunzelmann
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudzki-Janson
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D005459:Fluorides