title: Immunoregulatory functions of mTOR inhibition.
abstract: The potent immunosuppressive action of rapamycin is commonly ascribed to inhibition of growth factor-induced T cell proliferation. However, it is now evident that the serine/threonine protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has an important role in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. mTOR regulates diverse functions of professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), and has important roles in the activation of effector T cells and the function and proliferation of regulatory T cells. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the mTOR pathway and the consequences of mTOR inhibition, both in DCs and T cells, including new data on the regulation of forkhead box P3 expression.
authors.affiliation: Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. thomsonaw@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Angus W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Hēth R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Turnquist
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raimondi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D055633:Immune System Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases