title: Angiogenesis in the progression of breast ductal proliferations.
abstract: Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is necessary for a tumor to grow, but when angiogenesis first appears in the progression of breast ductal carcinomas is unknown. To determine when this occurs, the authors examined microvessel density (MVD) by CD31 and CD105 immunostaining in normal ducts, 32 cases of usual hyperplasia, 19 cases of atypical hyperplasia, and 29 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Simple hyperplasia had a 22-fold greater MVD than normal ducts (P < .0001). An increase during the progression of ductal changes was highly significant (P < .0001). To determine a possible mechanism, immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated. VEGF staining intensity of ductal epithelium increased during the progression from normal to hyperplastic to DCIS. This study shows that the first significant increase in angiogenesis occurs very early in the evolution of ductal proliferations as ductal cells become hyperplastic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr., Orange, CA 92868, USA. pmcarpen@uci.edu
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Wen-Pin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Min-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A