title: A new cavity based absorption instrument for detection of water isotopologues in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
abstract: We describe here the Harvard integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) isotope instrument, a mid-IR infrared spectrometer using ICOS to make in situ measurements of the primary isotopologues of water vapor (H(2)O, HDO, and H(2) (18)O) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The long path length provided by ICOS provides the sensitivity and accuracy necessary to measure these or other trace atmospheric species at concentrations in the ppbv range. The Harvard ICOS isotope instrument has been integrated onto NASA's WB-57 high-altitude research aircraft and to date has flown successfully in four field campaigns from winter 2004-2005 to the present. Off-axis alignment and a fully passive cavity ensure maximum robustness against the vibrationally hostile aircraft environment. The very simple instrument design permitted by off-axis ICOS is also helpful in minimizing contamination necessary for accurate measurements in the dry UTLS region. The instrument is calibrated in the laboratory via two separate water addition systems and crosscalibrated against other instruments. Calibrations have established an accuracy of 5% for all species. The instrument has demonstrated measurement precision of 0.14 ppmv, 0.10 ppbv, and 0.16 ppbv in 4 s averages for H(2)O, HDO, and H(2) (18)O, respectively. At a water vapor mixing ratio of 5 ppmv the isotopologue ratio precision is 50[per thousand] and 30[per thousand] for deltaD and delta(18)O, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. sayres@huarp.harvard.edu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sayres
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hanisco
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: F N
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authors.lastname: Keutsch
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lapson
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Demusz
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: T
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authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuozzolo
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Anderson