Inattentive symptoms of ADHD are related to evening orientation.
OBJECTIVE
Morningness is a stable characteristic of individuals, related to impulsivity and novelty seeking. The evening orientation is a risk factor for psychiatric conditions such as depression and personality disorders. The authors hypothesized that adults suspected of having ADHD are more evening oriented than adults without ADHD.


METHODS
Exploratory factor analyses were performed on the polychoric correlation matrices of the full Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD (ASRS) and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM).


RESULTS
As expected, two factors for the ASRS--Inattention and Impulsivity- Hyperactivity--and three factors for the CSM were retrieved. All three CSM factors correlated negatively with ASRS Inattention, none with ASRS Impulsivity-Hyperactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
Inattention is more strongly related to eveningness than is Impulsivity-Hyperactivity, and therefore eveningness may constitute an endophenotype of the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD. These findings need to be replicated in a patient population with a standardized assessment of sleep quality.
Caci
Hervé
H
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice--Cedex 3, France. caci.h@chu-nice.fr
Bouchez
Jacques
J
Baylé
Franck J
FJ
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D021081:Chronobiology Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000235:genetics