title: Blood folate levels: the latest NHANES results.
abstract: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Very large increases in blood folate levels of the U.S. population occurred between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000. Small fluctuations in blood folate levels occurred over the time period 1999-2006. The median red blood cell (RBC) folate level of the U.S. population 4 years of age and older was 266 ng/mL in 2005-2006. The median serum folate level of the U.S. population 4 years of age and older was 12.2 ng/mL in 2005-2006. In 2005-2006, the prevalence of low RBC folate (less than 140 ng/mL) among U.S. women of childbearing age (15-45 years) was 4.5%. In 2005-2006, the prevalence of low serum folate (less than 3 ng/mL) among U.S. women of childbearing age was 0.5%. Folate is an essential vitamin for good health. Women of childbearing age are among the population subgroups that have been shown previously to have low blood folate levels. Low blood folate levels are associated with an increased risk of neural tube birth defects. Beginning in 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the addition of folic acid (a form of folate) to all enriched breads, cereals, flours, corn meal, pasta products, rice, and other cereal grain products sold in the United States. Blood folate data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) have documented improvements in the folate status of the U.S. population after folate fortification was implemented. Red blood cell (RBC) folate measures long-term folate intake and low levels are associated with adverse health effects. Serum folate reflects recent folate intake and low levels are an early indicator of inadequate folate status. Pre- and postfortification blood folate levels of the U.S. population 4 years of age and older and prevalence of low blood folate among women of childbearing age (15-45 years) are reported.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lacher
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulinare
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Picciano
authors.forename: Jeanne I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rader
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Yetley
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy-Stephenson
authors.forename: Clifford L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid