title: Heat resistance of dermatophyte's conidiospores from athletes kits stored in Nigerian University Sport's Center.
abstract: The incidence and heat resistance of conidiospores produced by dermatophytes isolated from athlete's kits (canvasses, stockings and spike shoes) stored in Nigerian University Sport's Centre were investigated. Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum oudouinii, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton concentricum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum were isolated and their incidence on the athlete's kits varied with the species and type of kits. Among the isolates T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and E. floccosum with 25%, 23% and 20% prevalence rates respectively, were the most common isolates, and are often associated with tinea pedis (athletes foot). Canvasses with the highest incidence of dermatophytes (25 out of 34 fungal isolates) were the most contaminated kits and could serve as effective articles for the transmission of tinea pedis among athletes in Nigeria. The common etiological agents screened, produced asexual spores (conidiospores) that exhibited high resistance to heat treatment at 80 degrees C. Of the three isolates, E. floccosum, with a decimal reduction time (D-value) of D80 = 4.4 min was the most resistant followed by T. mentagrophytes with D80 = 4.0 min and then T. rubrum with D80 = 3.2 min. The spores elimination pattern indicates that increasing the heating duration would decrease the decimal reduction time and possibly denature the fungal propagules but may damage the skin during treatment with hot water compresses. The findings have shown that the use of hot water compresses is palliative but heat treatment especially vapour-heat treatment offers adequate preventive measures if applied for periodic treatment of contaminated kits. However, determining the correct condition for effective decontamination will require detailed understanding of the heat resistance of fungal spores. Otherwise treatment of kits with detergent and chaotropic agent such as urea and guanidinium salt is preferred to heat treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria. jomato652003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Essien
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jonah
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Umoh
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Eduok
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Akpan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umoiyoho
mesh_terms: D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D003020:Clothing / Q000009:adverse effects; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D009549:Nigeria; D012775:Shoes / Q000009:adverse effects; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D019876:Sports Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014008:Tinea Pedis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control