title: A cytidine deaminase edits C to U in transfer RNAs in Archaea.
abstract: All canonical transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have a uridine at position 8, involved in maintaining tRNA tertiary structure. However, the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanopyrus kandleri harbors 30 (out of 34) tRNA genes with cytidine at position 8. Here, we demonstrate C-to-U editing at this location in the tRNA's tertiary core, and present the crystal structure of a tRNA-specific cytidine deaminase, CDAT8, which has the cytidine deaminase domain linked to a tRNA-binding THUMP domain. CDAT8 is specific for C deamination at position 8, requires only the acceptor stem hairpin for activity, and belongs to a unique family within the "cytidine deaminase-like" superfamily. The presence of this C-to-U editing enzyme guarantees the proper folding and functionality of all M. kandleri tRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. lennart.randau@yale.edu
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Randau
authors.forename: Bradford J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohlway
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mechta
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Söll
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003641:Deamination; D019605:Euryarchaeota / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017393:RNA Editing; D019642:RNA, Archaeal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019642:RNA, Archaeal; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase