title: Anterior cervical osteophytes resulting in severe dysphagia and aspiration: two case reports and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report two cases in which dysphagia and aspiration, caused by anterior cervical osteophytes, were so severe that surgical resection was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and a review of the world literature concerning dysphagia caused by anterior cervical osteophytes, in regard to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients, aged 71 and 70 years, had long-standing, slowly progressive dysphagia and aspiration; one patient had recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia as a result. Both patients were diagnosed on videofluoroscopy with large bony anterior cervical osteophytes. Immediate relief of symptoms was obtained after resection of the osteophytes via an anterolateral, extrapharyngeal approach. Anterior cervical osteophytes are relatively common in the elderly, although not frequently diagnosed, and are mostly seen in cases of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. If therapy is indicated it is mainly conservative; resection is rarely needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with anterior cervical osteophytes, surgical treatment is indicated only for selected cases with large, bony osteophytes and severe symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. martijn.kos@gmail.com
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van Royen
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mahieu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome