title: Bladder neck contracture after radical retropubic prostatectomy using an intussuscepted vesico-urethral anastomosis: incidence with long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of bladder neck contracture (BNC), a known complication of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), after a 9-year experience by one surgeon using a novel approach to lower urinary tract reconstruction, the intussuscepted vesico-urethral anastomosis (IVUA).
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, the charts of 406 patients who had RRP for clinically localized prostate cancer from March 1998 to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had lower urinary tract reconstruction using the IVUA technique, which involves a looped urethral suture using six double-armed sutures that are drawn 'inside-to-out' from staggered points on the urethral stump through the bladder neck opening. When the sutures are tied down, the urethra is intussuscepted into the bladder neck opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 48 months, three patients developed BNC: one was at increased risk secondary to a previous TURP; one had his catheter removed on the second day after RRP in the presence of a suprapubic tube and developed a BNC at his 'dry' anastomosis; and one with no risk factors developed a BNC. Balloon dilatation, laser incision and self obturation were successful in stabilizing the strictures while preserving continence. Overall, the incidence of BNC in this series was three of 406 (0.74%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVUA gives a lower incidence of BNC over a long-term follow-up than rates cited in previous reports. IVUA is a valuable technique for lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients undergoing RRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Tullika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control