title: Expression patterns of Trk-A, Trk-B, GRP78, and p75NRT in olfactory neuroblastoma.
abstract: Olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon neuroectodermal tumor of the sinonasal tract. It represents 2% to 3% of sinonasal neoplasms. Most olfactory neuroblastoma behave locally aggressive with 30% recurrence rates. A subset metastasizes to lymph nodes and/or distant sites. Grading of olfactory neuroblastoma involves a combination of factors with low-grade tumors having better survival than high-grade tumors. The grade does not always predict prognosis, however, as metastases can be seen in all grades of olfactory neuroblastoma. Trk-A, Trk-B, and p75NRT are neurotrophin receptors associated with numerous solid malignancies, particularly pediatric neuroblastoma. GRP78 is an endoplasmic reticulum protein, associated with differentiation of neuroblastic cells. Trk-A, p75NRT, and GRP78 overexpression are favorable prognostic factors in pediatric neuroblastoma, whereas Trk-B is associated with a poorer prognosis in these tumors. Olfactory neuroblastoma is clinically distinct from pediatric neuroblastoma but shares some histological features. Trk-A and p75NRT have been demonstrated in olfactory neuroblastoma previously. Trk-B and GRP78 have not been investigated in olfactory neuroblastoma. None of these markers have been correlated with grade or outcome in olfactory neuroblastoma. To investigate the role of Trk-A, Trk-B, p75NRT, and GRP78, a series of 20 olfactory neuroblastomas was stained with these antibodies. Trk-A and Trk-B stained most cases of olfactory neuroblastoma (90% and 85%). GRP78 stained most cases (90%), although weakly. P75NRT demonstrated focal membranous staining in a sustentacular pattern (60%). None of these markers correlated with Hyams grade. None of these markers definitively correlated with patient outcome. Neurotrophin receptors do not appear to have a prognostic role; however, Trk's may play an oncogenic role in olfactory neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. weinrebi@yahoo.ca
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Bayardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perez-Ordonez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000235:genetics*; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D020813:Receptor, trkB