title: A subtest of the MMSE as a valid test of episodic memory? Comparison with the Free and Cued Reminding Test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Episodic memory impairment is known to be the core of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia syndrome and one of the earliest domains to decline. However, episodic memory tests are long and expensive.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of the French Three-City Study (n = 1,516), we aimed at validating a subtest of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) specifically measuring episodic memory. We focused on the correlation between 7 MMSE subscores and 4 scores of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) evaluating episodic memory. We performed linear regressions and principal component analyses to identify which MMSE subscores were better correlated with the FCSRT scores. Thereafter, we conducted validation analyses on the whole sample (n = 9,077).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that subscores for orientation to time and the 3-word recall task were well correlated with FCSRT scores. The summation of these 2 subscores was more strongly associated with dementia and AD than the FCSRT scores and the total MMSE score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orientation to time and the 3-word recall task might provide a good measure of episodic memory. Making the evaluation of episodic memory faster and cheaper, this finding can be of direct interest for practitioners and epidemiologists.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Unit 897, Bordeaux, France. laure.carcaillon@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carcaillon
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amieva
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auriacombe
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helmer
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003463:Cues; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors