title: Total anomalous systemic venous drainage to the left atrium.
abstract: We present an unusual case of total anomalous systemic venous drainage in which the right superior vena cava, persistent left superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus were present and unusually connected to the left atrium. Successful surgical correction was achieved, and the patient's recovery was uneventful. Various types of total anomalous systemic venous drainage are discussed, and classification of total anomalous systemic venous drainage is made under the consideration of creation of cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. zeweiz@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Ze-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qun-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Li-Yang
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D003490:Cyanosis / Q000209:etiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery