title: Investigation of immunmodulatory effects of levamisole and vitamin E on Immunity and some blood parameters in newborn Jersey calves.
abstract: The immunmodulatory effects of dl-alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) and levamisole on the immune system and some blood parameters of newborn Jersey calves were investigated with the present study. Treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were injected 13,3 ml isotonic saline solution (0,9% NaCl), 3 mg/kg levamisole HCl and 2000 IU vitamin E weekly, starting at birth until the age of two weeks. Average serum IgM levels of the control, levamisole and vitamin E calves were 111,7 +/- 9,3 mg/100 ml, 251,9 +/- 27,6 mg/100 ml, 202,2 +/- 43,3 mg/100 ml respectively on day 22. Average serum IgG levels of the levamisole and vitamin E groups elevated, compared to the control group on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. However, there were stastistically differences in treatment and control groups for serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and cortisol values and whole blood counts. All differences were in the reference ranges. Levamisole and vitamin E could be used as an alternative way for their beneficial effects such as improving the humoral immune responses of calves and their safety and practical use against the neonatal period infections in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55139, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey. dkazanci@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pekmezci
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cakiroglu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007978:Levamisole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014810:Vitamin E; D007978:Levamisole; D002784:Cholesterol; D006854:Hydrocortisone