title: Possible seasonality of Clostridium difficile in retail meat, Canada.
abstract: We previously reported Clostridium difficile in 20% of retail meat in Canada, which raised concerns about potential foodborne transmissibility. Here, we studied the genetic diversity of C. difficile in retail meats, using a broad Canadian sampling infrastructure and 3 culture methods. We found 6.1% prevalence and indications of possible seasonality (highest prevalence in winter).
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. rodriguez-palaci.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Palacios
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reid-Smith
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Staempfli
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daignault
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janecko
authors.forename: Brent P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thomspon
authors.forename: L Clifford
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Limbago
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003470:Culture Media; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D005506:Food Contamination; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D021521:Ribotyping; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003470:Culture Media