title: In vitro and in vivo induction of cytochrome p450: a survey of the current practices and recommendations: a pharmaceutical research and manufacturers of america perspective.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 (P450) induction is one of the factors that can affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug molecule upon multiple dosing, and it can result in pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with coadministered drugs causing potential therapeutic failures. In recent years, various in vitro assays have been developed and used routinely to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions due to P450 induction. There is a desire from the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies to harmonize assay methodologies, data interpretation, and the design of clinical drug-drug interaction studies. In this article, a team of 10 scientists from nine Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) member companies conducted an anonymous survey among PhRMA companies to query current practices with regards to the conduct of in vitro induction assays, data interpretation, and clinical induction study practices. The results of the survey are presented in this article, along with reviews of current methodologies of in vitro assays and in vivo studies, including modeling efforts in this area. A consensus recommendation regarding common practices for the conduct of P450 induction studies is included.
authors.affiliation: Sanofi-aventis United States, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Einolf
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Gondi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ripp
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinz
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skerjanec
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D019295:Computational Biology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003625:Data Collection; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004345:Drug Industry; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000502:physiology; D005544:Forecasting; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012107:Research Design; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System