title: Cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium(II), lead(II), palladium(II) and silver(I) in environmental samples.
abstract: The phase-separation phenomenon of non-ionic surfactants occurring in aqueous solution was used for the extraction of cadmium(II), lead(II), palladium(II) and silver(I). The analytical procedure involved the formation of understudy metals complex with bis((1H-benzo [d] imidazol-2yl)ethyl) sulfane (BIES), and quantitatively extracted to the phase rich in octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) after centrifugation. Methanol acidified with 1molL(-1) HNO(3) was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to its analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The concentration of BIES, pH and amount of surfactant (Triton X-114) was optimized. At optimum conditions, the detection limits of (3 sdb/m) of 1.4, 2.8, 1.6 and 1.4 ng mL(-1) for Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Pd(2+) and Ag(+) along with preconcentration factors of 30 and enrichment factors of 48, 39, 32 and 42 for Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Pd(2+) and Ag(+), respectively, were obtained. The proposed cloud point extraction has been successfully applied for the determination of metal ions in real samples with complicated matrix such as radiology waste, vegetable, blood and urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. m_ghaedi@mail.yu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mehrorang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaedi
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shokrollahi
authors.forename: Khodabakhsh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niknam
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niknam
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najibi
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soylak
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017830:Octoxynol; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D012834:Silver; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010165:Palladium; D017830:Octoxynol; C010615:Nonidet P-40