title: Laparotomy attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced gastric bleeding in the rat.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases systemic inflammation and causes duodenogastric reflux of bile and gastric bleeding. Laparotomy prevents gastric injury from the luminal irritant bile, but its effects on LPS-induced gastric injury are unknown. We hypothesized that laparotomy would diminish inflammation and attenuate gastric bleeding caused by LPS. In the rat, laparotomy, done either before or after administration of LPS, attenuated LPS-induced bile reflux, gastric bleeding, and cyclooxygenase-2, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, expression when compared to controls given LPS. Laparotomy also blunted LPS-induced changes in serum cytokine production. These data suggest that laparotomy has gastroprotective effects by preventing LPS-induced bile reflux and gastric bleeding and by a mechanism mediated, at least in part by cyclooxygenase-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 4.264, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Jeremy.L.Ward@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Delano
authors.forename: Sasha D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mercer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001655:Bile Reflux / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004383:Duodenogastric Reflux / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2