title: Early-phase adaptations to a split-body, linear periodization resistance training program in college-aged and middle-aged men.
abstract: An 8-week, split-body, linear periodized resistance training program was completed by college-aged (CA: 18-22 years; n = 24) and middle-aged (MA: 35-50 years; n = 25) men to determine early-phase adaptations in body composition and upper- and lower-body strength. Participants completed 2 upper-body and 2 lower-body resistance training workouts each week. During weeks 1-4, subjects completed 3-6 sets at a 10-repetition maximum (RM) intensity and increased to 8RM for weeks 5-8. The 1RM strength levels were determined on the bench press and leg press, and 30-second Wingate tests were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For selected data, delta values (post - pre values) were calculated and reported as mean +/- SEM. No changes (p > 0.05) were reported for peak and average Wingate power. Bench press (CA, 3.2 +/- 1.9 kg; MA, 6.2 +/- 3.3 kg; p < 0.001) and leg press (CA, 25.0 +/- 4.4 kg; MA, 18.2 +/- 13.3 kg; p < 0.001) 1RM significantly increased in both groups over time. Lean mass significantly increased over time in both groups (CA, 0.9 +/- 2.4 kg; MA, 1.1 +/- 1.9 kg; p < 0.001). Significant group x time effects were seen for fat mass changes (CA, 0.5 +/- 1.3 kg; MA, -0.5 +/- 1.1 kg; p = 0.01) and % body fat changes (CA, 0.4 +/- 1.4%; MA, -0.7 +/- 1.1%; p = 0.01). These results indicate that performing a split-body, linearly periodized resistance training program for 8 weeks significantly increases bench press 1RM, leg press 1RM, and DXA lean mass in CA and MA men. Furthermore, MA men lost significantly more fat mass and significantly decreased % body fat compared with CA men. A split-body, linearly periodized resistance training program may be used as an effective program to increase strength and lean mass in both young and MA populations.
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Science Department, Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. Chad_Kerksick@ou.edu
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kerksick
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wilborn
authors.forename: Bill I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kreider
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*