title: Increased CA 19-9 level in patients without malignant disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The measurement of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is recommended for the diagnosis and follow-up of pancreatic cancer. However, increased CA 19-9 has also been reported in patients with various benign diseases of the lung. We aimed to elucidate the pulmonary radiographic abnormalities and laboratory results associated with increased concentrations of CA 19-9.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed using a case-controlled design. Cases included all participants in a cancer screening program who had an increased CA 19-9 concentration (>37 U/mL), but without a diagnosis of malignancy. Age- and sex-matched participants with normal CA 19-9 levels were enrolled as controls. Laboratory results and radiographic features were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 119 participants with increased CA 19-9 concentrations and 476 controls were included. A higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [adjusted odd ratio (aOR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05], higher hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) (aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.56), bronchiectasis (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.22-5.02), bronchiolitis (aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.88-8.22), emphysema (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.32-5.40), and interstitial fibrosis (aOR, 10.62; 95% CI, 2.03-55.44) were independent factors for increased CA 19-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA 19-9 concentrations, as well as increased ESR and HbA(1c), can be increased in patients with various lung abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ryoun
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jae-Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen