title: Water pipe smoking and health-related quality of life: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water pipe smoking is increasing in Eastern Mediterranean Region. The objective of this study was to investigate any relationship between water pipe smoking and health-related quality of life in the general population of Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a multistage sampling method, a random sample of 1675 individuals aged 15 years and over was studied from June through July 2007. All eligible participants were interviewed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and a short questionnaire containing items regarding socio-demographic characteristics and water pipe smoking status. To compare SF-36 scores between water pipe smokers and nonsmokers, t-test was performed. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of water pipe smoking on SF-36 scores after adjusting for other independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 1675 individuals were studied. The mean age of the respondents was 42.1 (SD=16.5) years. One hundred and seventy-two participants (10.4%) were water pipe smokers. There were statistically significant differences between water pipe smokers and nonsmokers on all scales except for role emotional (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that using water pipe was a risk factor for decreasing Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores [OR (95% CI): 2.15 (1.56-2.96), P<0.01; and OR (95% CI): 1.88 (1.36-2.60), P<0.01, respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings indicated that people who smoked water pipe carried a higher risk for poorer health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Moddarres University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh-Sadat
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tavafian
authors.forename: Teamur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghamolaei
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zare
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult