title: Can infundibular height predict the clearance of lower pole calyceal stone after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on lower calyceal calculi in relation to the renal anatomical factors and determine which of these factors can be used to select patients who will benefit from SWL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively 78 patients with single radiopaque lower calyceal stones treated with SWL. The patients were evaluated 3 months after lithotripsy with a simple abdominal X-ray and a kidney ultrasound scan. The success of the treatment, removal of all fragments, was correlated with renal anatomical factors measured in the pre-treatment intravenous urography: infundibulopelvic angle, lower infundibulum width, lower infundibulum length, ratio length/width, infundibulum height, and number of minor calyces in the lower calyceal group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months after SWL treatment, 39 patients were stone-free (NR group) and 39 had residual fragments (R group). Both groups presented no differences in relation to infundibulopelvic angle, width and length of the lower calyceal infundibulum, length/width ratio of the lower infundibulum or number of lower calyces. Height of the infundibulum, described as the distance between the line passing through the lowest part of the calyx containing the calculus and the highest point of the lower lip of renal pelvis, was the only parameter in which significant differences (p = 0.002) were found between the NR and R groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower Infundibular height could be a good measurement tool for deciding which patients with lower calyceal lithiasis would benefit from SWL treatment. Height of less than 22 mm suggests a good outcome from lithotripsy.
authors.affiliation: USP, Instituto Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain. 37031maf@comb.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arzoz-Fabregas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibarz-Servio
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Blasco-Casares
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramon-Dalmau
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Marcellan
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000592:standards; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome