title: Martial arts fall training to prevent hip fractures in the elderly.
abstract: Hip fractures are a common and serious consequence of falls. Training of proper fall techniques may be useful to prevent hip fractures in the elderly. The results suggested that martial arts fall techniques may be trainable in older individuals. Better performance resulted in a reduced impact force.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hip fractures are a common and serious consequence of falls. Fall training may be useful to prevent hip fractures in the elderly. This pilot study determined whether older individuals could learn martial arts (MA) fall techniques and whether this resulted in a reduced hip impact force during a sideways fall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male and nineteen female healthy older individuals completed a five-session MA fall training. Before and after training, force and kinematic data were collected during volitional sideways falls from kneeling position. Two MA experts evaluated the fall performance. Fear of falling was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After fall training, fall performance from a kneeling position was improved by a mean increase of 1.6 on a ten-point scale (P < 0.001). Hip impact force was reduced by a mean of 8% (0.20 N/N, P = 0.016). Fear of falling was reduced by 0.88 on a VAS scale (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MA techniques may be trainable in older individuals, and a better performance may reduce the hip impact force in a volitional sideways fall from a kneeling position. The additional reduction of fear of falling might result in the prevention of falls and related injuries.
authors.affiliation: Sint Maartenskliniek, Department of Research, Development, and Education, P.O. Box 9011, Nijmegen, 6500 GM, The Netherlands. b.groen@maartenskliniek.nl
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smulders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Kam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duysens
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weerdesteyn
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000193:education* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013314:Stress, Mechanical