title: Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated transcription factor x box-binding protein-1 occurs in a subset of normal germinal-center B cells and in aggressive B-cell lymphomas with prognostic implications.
abstract: X box-binding protein 1 (Xbp-1) is a transcription factor that is required for the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells. The Xbp-1 gene is activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress signals, which generate a 50-kDa nuclear protein that acts as a potent transactivator and regulates the expression of genes related to the unfolded protein response. Activated Xbp-1 is essential for cell survival in plasma-cell tumors but its role in B-cell lymphomas is unknown. We analyzed the expression of activated Xbp-1 in reactive lymphoid tissues, 411 lymphomas and plasma-cell neoplasms, and 24 B-cell lines. In reactive tissues, Xbp-1 was only found in nuclear extracts. Nuclear expression of Xbp-1 was observed in occasional reactive plasma cells and in a subpopulation of Irf-4(+)/Bcl-6(-)/Pax-5(-) B cells in the light zones of reactive germinal centers, probably representing cells committed to plasma-cell differentiation. None of the low-grade lymphomas showed evidence of Xbp-1 activation; however, Xbp-1 activation was found in 28% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, independent of germinal or postgerminal center phenotype, as well as in 48% of plasmablastic lymphomas and 69% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with nuclear Xbp-1 expression had a significantly worse response to therapy and shorter overall survival compared with negative tumors. These findings suggest that Xbp-1 activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
authors.affiliation: Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036-Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Balague
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mozos
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colomo
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mate
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teruya-Feldstein
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Guillermo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human