title: DTI abnormalities in anterior corpus callosum of rats with spike-wave epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Absence epilepsy is a common seizure disorder in children which can produce chronic psychosocial sequelae. Human patients and rat absence models show bilateral spike-wave discharges (SWD) in cortical regions. We employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in rat absence models to detect abnormalities in white matter pathways connecting regions of seizure activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied Wistar albino Glaxo rats of Rijswijk (WAG/Rij), genetic absence epilepsy rats of Strasbourg (GAERS), and corresponding nonepileptic control strains. Ex vivo DTI was performed at 9.4 T with diffusion gradients applied in 16 orientations. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA), perpendicular (lambda(perpendicular)) and parallel (lambda(||)) diffusivity between groups using t-maps and region of interest (ROI) measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult epileptic WAG/Rij rats exhibited a localized decrease in FA in the anterior corpus callosum. This area was confirmed by tractography to interconnect somatosensory cortex regions most intensely involved in seizures. This FA decrease was not present in young WAG/Rij rats before onset of SWD. GAERS, which have more severe SWD than WAG/Rij, exhibited even more pronounced callosal FA decreases. Reduced FA in the epileptic animals originated from an increased lambda(perpendicular) with no significant changes in lambda(||).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced FA with increased lambda(perpendicular) suggests that chronic seizures cause reduction in myelin or decreased axon fiber density in white matter pathways connecting regions of seizure activity. These DTI abnormalities may improve the understanding of chronic neurological difficulties in children suffering with absence epilepsy, and may also serve as a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring beneficial effects of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chahboune
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: DeSalvo
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Staib
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Purcaro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinost
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Papademetris
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fyson
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lorincz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crunelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar