title: Biomolecular characterization and protein sequences of the Campanian hadrosaur B. canadensis.
abstract: Molecular preservation in non-avian dinosaurs is controversial. We present multiple lines of evidence that endogenous proteinaceous material is preserved in bone fragments and soft tissues from an 80-million-year-old Campanian hadrosaur, Brachylophosaurus canadensis [Museum of the Rockies (MOR) 2598]. Microstructural and immunological data are consistent with preservation of multiple bone matrix and vessel proteins, and phylogenetic analyses of Brachylophosaurus collagen sequenced by mass spectrometry robustly support the bird-dinosaur clade, consistent with an endogenous source for these collagen peptides. These data complement earlier results from Tyrannosaurus rex (MOR 1125) and confirm that molecular preservation in Cretaceous dinosaurs is not a unique event.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Organ
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Freimark
authors.forename: Valerie S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Lebleu
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vander Heiden
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: Lewis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: Raghu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalluri
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Asara
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025061:Dinosaurs / Q000145:classification; D004549:Elastin / Q000032:analysis; D005269:Femur / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005580:Fossils; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D007797:Laminin / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007797:Laminin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin