The influence of surface functionalization on the enhanced internalization of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer cells.
The internalization and biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles surface functionalized with four differently charged carbohydrates have been tested in the human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa). Neutral, positive, and negative iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained by coating with dextran, aminodextran, heparin, and dimercaptosuccinic acid, resulting in colloidal suspensions stable at pH 7 with similar aggregate size. No intracellular uptake was detected in cells incubated with neutral charged nanoparticles, while negative particles showed different behaviour depending on the nature of the coating. Thus, dimercaptosuccinic-coated nanoparticles showed low cellular uptake with non-toxic effects, while heparin-coated particles showed cellular uptake only at high nanoparticle concentrations and induced abnormal mitotic spindle configurations. Finally, cationic magnetic nanoparticles show excellent properties for possible in vivo biomedical applications such as cell tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cancer treatment by hyperthermia: (i) they enter into cells with high effectiveness, and are localized in endosomes; (ii) they can be easily detected inside cells by optical microscopy, (iii) they are retained for relatively long periods of time, and (iv) they do not induce any cytotoxicity.
Villanueva
Angeles
A
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. angeles.villanueva@uam.es
Cañete
Magdalena
M
Roca
Alejandro G
AG
Calero
Macarena
M
Veintemillas-Verdaguer
Sabino
S
Serna
Carlos J
CJ
Morales
María del Puerto
Mdel P
Miranda
Rodolfo
R
D016923:Cell Death; D004705:Endocytosis; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008280:Magnetics; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide