Tardive dyskinesia and DRD3, HTR2A and HTR2C gene polymorphisms in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia.
BACKGROUND
Pharmacogenetics of tardive dyskinesia and dopamine D3 (DRD3), serotonin 2A (HTR2A), and 2C (HTR2C) receptors has been examined in various populations, but not in Russians.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between orofaciolingual (TDof) and limb-truncal dyskinesias (TDlt) and Ser9Gly (DRD3), -1438G>A (HTR2A), and Cys23Ser (HTR2C) polymorphisms in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Tomsk, Siberia.


METHODS
In total, 146 subjects were included. Standard protocols were applied for genotyping. TDof and TDlt were assessed with AIMS items 1-4 and 5-7, respectively. Two-part model, logistic and log-normal regression analyses were applied to assess different variables (e.g., allele-carriership status, age, gender, and medication use).


RESULTS
TDlt, but not TDof, exhibited an association with Ser9Gly and Cys23Ser (with 9Gly and 23Ser alleles exhibiting opposite effects). However, -1438G>A was not associated with TDof and Dlt.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first pharmacogenetic report on tardive dyskinesia in Russians. Subject to further replication, our findings extend and support the available data.
Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.f.y.al.hadithy@rug.nl
A F Y
AF
Al Hadithy
S A
SA
Ivanova
P
P
Pechlivanoglou
A
A
Semke
O
O
Fedorenko
E
E
Kornetova
L
L
Ryadovaya
J R B J
JR
Brouwers
B
B
Wilffert
R
R
Bruggeman
A J M
AJ
Loonen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003553:Cystine / Q000235:genetics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005121:Extremities / Q000503:physiopathology; D005145:Face / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000235:genetics*; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012800:Siberia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology
C493593:DRD3 protein, human; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D012694:Serine; D003553:Cystine; D005998:Glycine; D002746:Chlorpromazine