Increased interleukin-10 but unchanged insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of (1, 3)(1, 6)-beta-glycan consumption in overweight humans.
Obesity-induced insulin resistance has been suggested to be a systemic inflammatory condition with activation of the innate immune system. Animal studies indicate that certain dietary fibers such as (1,3)(1,6)-beta-D-glycans (BDG) have potent effects on immune activity such as increasing the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors. Therefore, we hypothesized that BDG consumption improves inflammatory markers and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with moderately increased levels of C-reactive protein, indicating subclinical inflammation. We screened 180 overweight and obese subjects for moderately increased C-reactive protein levels on 2 or more occasions, in the absence of any signs of acute infection. Twelve of the subjects met all inclusion criteria and were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design for 2 x 4 weeks (washout > or =4 weeks). Subjects ingested capsules containing 3 x 0.5 g of highly purified BDG or 3 x 0.5 g of placebo (waxy maize starch) daily. Maintenance of the normal diet of the participants and the correct intake of the capsules were monitored, using 6 x 3-day food recording and counting of the provided capsules. Predefined outcome measures were BDG-induced changes in pro and antiinflammatory markers in circulating blood and gene expression in adipose tissue and peripheral insulin sensitivity expressed as M value. The BDG consumption for 4 weeks significantly increased both circulating levels and adipose tissue messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in overweight and obese humans. Insulin sensitivity as well as circulating levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines were unaffected by BDG treatment. Increased IL-10 after BDG consumption might be a contributing factor to the known beneficial effects of dietary fiber intake.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Angela
A
Kohl
Ozlem
O
Gögebakan
Matthias
M
Möhlig
Martin
M
Osterhoff
Frank
F
Isken
Andreas F H
AF
Pfeiffer
Martin O
MO
Weickert
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013213:Starch / Q000494:pharmacology
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; C071736:betaglycan; D013213:Starch