Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species.
Mitochondria are a quantitatively relevant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the majority of cell types. Here we review the sources and metabolism of ROS in this organelle, including the conditions that regulate the production of these species, such as mild uncoupling, oxygen tension, respiratory inhibition, Ca2+ and K+ transport, and mitochondrial content and morphology. We discuss substrate-, tissue-, and organism-specific characteristics of mitochondrial oxidant generation. Several aspects of the physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial ROS production are also addressed.
Kowaltowski
Alicia J
AJ
Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
de Souza-Pinto
Nadja C
NC
Castilho
Roger F
RF
Vercesi
Anibal E
AE
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012119:Respiration; D015398:Signal Transduction
D017494:Proton Pumps; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium