Modulation of P2X(7) purinergic receptor in macrophages by Leishmania amazonensis and its role in parasite elimination.
The purinergic P2X(7) receptor is a membrane protein of leucocytes involved in the clearance of intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia and Mycobacterium. In this work, we investigated the role and modulation of macrophage P2X(7)R in intracellular infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis. Upon infection, isolated murine macrophages displayed enhanced expression of P2X(7)R and were significantly more responsive to extracellular ATP (ATPe)-induced pore opening, as demonstrated by the increased uptake of Lucifer Yellow. This was extended to the in vivo situation, where cells from established cutaneous lesions were more sensitive to ATPe than cells from uninfected mice. ATP treatment of infected macrophages inhibited parasite growth, and this was prevented by pre-treatment with oxidized ATP, a selective antagonist of P2X(7)R. Parasite killing was unlikely due to induction of nitric oxide production or cytolysis of infected macrophage, as those functions were unaltered with parasite-effective ATPe concentrations. A direct drug effect is also unlike, as ATPe enhanced axenic parasite growth. We found that leishmanial infection rendered wild-type but not P2X(7)R-deficient macrophages more prone to ATP-induced apoptosis. These results show that macrophage infection with L. amazonensis leads to enhanced expression of functional P2X(7)R, that upon ligation with ATPe helps in the elimination of the parasites by an as yet unclear mechanism possibly involving host cell apoptosis.
Chaves
Suzana Passos
SP
Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;.
Torres-Santos
Eduardo Caio
EC
Marques
Camila
C
Figliuolo
Vanessa Ribeiro
VR
Persechini
Pedro Muanis
PM
Coutinho-Silva
Robson
R
Rossi-Bergmann
Bartira
B
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010873:Pinocytosis; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
C546469:P2rx7 protein, mouse; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate