Antenatal environmental stress and maturation of the breathing control, experimental data.
The nervous respiratory system undergoes postnatal maturation and yet still must be functional at birth. Any antenatal suboptimal environment could upset either its building prenatally and/or its maturation after birth. Here, we would like to briefly summarize some of the major stresses leading to clinical postnatal respiratory dysfunction that can occur during pregnancy, we then relate them to experimental models that have been developed in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms implicated in the respiratory dysfunctions observed in neonatal care units. Four sections are aimed to review our current knowledge based on experimental data. The first will deal with the metabolic factors such as oxygen and glucose, the second with consumption of psychotropic substances (nicotine, cocaine, alcohol, morphine, cannabis and caffeine), the third with psychoactive molecules commonly consumed by pregnant women within a therapeutic context and/or delivered to premature neonates in critical care units (benzodiazepine, caffeine). In the fourth section, we take into account care protocols involving extended maternal-infant separation due to isolation in incubators. The effects of this stress potentially adds to those previously described.
Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille CRN2M, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Université Paul Cézanne Aix Marseille III, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques St. Jérôme, UMR 6231 CNRS, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
F
F
Cayetanot
N
N
Larnicol
J
J
Peyronnet
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D012119:Respiration; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000209:etiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs