Facial soft tissue values in Persian adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the mean soft tissue facial profile for Persian adults as determined by the Holdaway analysis.


METHODS
Lateral cephalometric radiographs for 62 Persian adults with normal occlusion were used.


RESULTS
Persian adults have the same values of Holdaway soft tissue norms except for the skeletal profile convexity, H angle, basic upper lip thickness, and soft tissue chin thickness, which were increased in Persians in relation to Holdaway norms. When comparing men with women, the nose prominence (P < .001), basic upper lip thickness (P < .001), upper lip thickness (P < .001), inferior sulcus to H line (P < .001), and soft tissue chin thickness (P < .01) were significantly increased in Persian men compared with Persian women.


CONCLUSIONS
Persian adults differ from Holdaway's soft tissue norms in an increased skeletal profile convexity, H angle, basic upper lip thickness, and soft tissue chin thickness. These are recommended for use when formulating a treatment plan for this ethnic group.
Taki
Amjad Al
AA
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Oguz
Fatma
F
Abuhijleh
Eyas
E
D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005006:Ethnicity; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019071:Persia / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014479:United Arab Emirates; D055815:Young Adult