The costimulatory role of TIM molecules.
The T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (TIM) family, including TIM-1, TIM-2, TIM-3, and TIM-4, is a relatively newly described group of molecules with a conserved structure and important immunological functions, including T-cell activation, induction of T-cell apoptosis and T-cell tolerance, and the clearance of apoptotic cells. TIM-1 costimulates T-cell activation and enhances cytokine production. In humans, TIM-1 also serves as a susceptibility gene for allergy and asthma. TIM-3, expressed on T cells and dendritic cells, regulates T-cell apoptosis and immune tolerance. By contrast, TIM-4, which is expressed primarily on antigen-presenting cells and which is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, regulates T-cell activation and tolerance, in part by mediating the uptake and engulfment of apoptotic cells. The TIM molecules thus have surprisingly broad activities affecting multiple aspects of immunology.
Rodriguez-Manzanet
Roselynn
R
Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
DeKruyff
Rosemarie
R
Kuchroo
Vijay K
VK
Umetsu
Dale T
DT
D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D019884:Nitrogenous Group Transferases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019884:Nitrogenous Group Transferases