Topoisomerase II{alpha}-dependent and -independent apoptotic effects of dexrazoxane and doxorubicin.
Coadministration of the iron chelator dexrazoxane reduces by 80% the incidence of heart failure in cancer patients treated with anthracyclines. The clinical application of dexrazoxane is limited, however, because its ability to inhibit topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) is feared to adversely affect anthracycline chemotherapy, which involves TOP2A-mediated generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Here, we investigated the apoptotic effects of dexrazoxane and the anthracycline doxorubicin, alone and in combination, in a tumor cell line with conditionally regulated expression of TOP2A. Each drug caused apoptosis that was only partly dependent on TOP2A. Unexpectedly, dexrazoxane was found to cause TOP2A depletion, thereby reducing the doxorubicin-induced accumulation of DSB. Despite this latter effect, dexrazoxane showed no adverse effect on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. This could be explained by the TOP2A-independent apoptotic effects of each drug: those of doxorubicin included TOP2A-independent DSB formation and depletion of intracellular glutathione, whereas those of dexrazoxane were caspase independent. In conclusion, both doxorubicin and dexrazoxane induce apoptosis via TOP2A-dependent and TOP2A-independent mechanisms, the latter compensating for the reduction in cell killing due to dexrazoxane-induced TOP2A depletion. These observations suggest an explanation for the absence of adverse dexrazoxane effects on clinical responses to doxorubicin.
Yan
Tiandong
T
Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Deng
Shiwei
S
Metzger
Annegret
A
Gödtel-Armbrust
Ute
U
Porter
Andrew C G
AC
Wojnowski
Leszek
L
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011929:Razoxane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011929:Razoxane; D004317:Doxorubicin; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; C000618811:TOP2A protein, human; D005978:Glutathione