Executive dysfunction and periventricular diffusion tensor changes in amnesic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease.
Our aim in this study was to explore the neural substrates of executive function in frontal and nonfrontal white matter using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We studied the relationship between executive dysfunction and DTI measurements on 13 subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 11 subjects with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 16 control subjects. All participants underwent an examination of their intelligence, memory, and executive function and were subjected to DTI. Both aMCI and early AD subjects showed executive function impairment with differential performance in frontal-related behaviors. Both aMCI and early AD subjects showed increased mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum and left frontal periventricular white matter (PVWM), whereas subjects with early AD showed an additional decrease in the fractional anisotropy of bilateral frontal PVWM and in the genu of the corpus callosum. The frontal PVWM was associated with performance on the Verbal Fluency Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Part B of the Trail Making Test. The parietal PVWM was associated with perseverative errors on the WCST and Part A of the Trail Making Test. In summary, executive function was impaired in subjects with aMCI and early AD and was associated with frontal and parietal PVWM changes. These changes may be due to early AD degeneration of the lateral cholinergic projections or to early change of the superior longitudinal fasciculus.
Chen
Ta-Fu
TF
Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen
Ya-Fang
YF
Cheng
Ting-Wen
TW
Hua
Mau-Sun
MS
Liu
Hon-Man
HM
Chiu
Ming-Jang
MJ
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013223:Statistics as Topic