Neuroprotective effects of Triticum aestivum L. against beta-amyloid-induced cell death and memory impairments.
beta-Amyloid (A beta) is a key component of senile plaques, neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been reported to induce cell death via oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of Triticum aestivum L. (TAL) on A beta-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and cognitive dysfunctions in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Cells treated with A beta exhibited decreased viability and apoptotic features, such as DNA fragmentation, alterations in mitochondria and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which were attenuated by TAL extract (TALE) pretreatment. To elucidate the neuroprotective mechanisms of TALE, the study examined A beta-induced oxidative stress and cellular defense. TALE pretreatment suppressed A beta-increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via up-regulation of glutathione, an essential endogenous antioxidant. To further verify the effect of TALE on memory impairments, A beta or scopolamine was injected in SD rats and a water maze task conducted as a spatial memory test. A beta or scopolamine treatment increased the time taken to find the platform during training trials, which was decreased by TALE pretreatment. Furthermore, one of the active components of TALE, total dietary fiber also effectively inhibited A beta-induced cytotoxicity and scopolamine-caused memory deficits. These results suggest that TALE may have preventive and/or therapeutic potential in the management of AD.
Jang
Jung-Hee
JH
College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Sang-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu 706-060, Korea.
Kim
Chang-Yul
CY
Lim
Sun Ha
SH
Yang
Chae Ha
CH
Song
Kyung-Sik
KS
Han
Hyung Soo
HS
Lee
Hyeong-Kyu
HK
Lee
Jongwon
J
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005978:Glutathione