Temporal dynamics of mouse hippocampal clock gene expression support memory processing.
Hippocampal plasticity and mnemonic processing exhibit a striking time-of-day dependence and likely implicate a temporally structured replay of memory traces. Molecular mechanisms fulfilling the requirements of sensing time and capturing time-related information are coded in dynamics of so-called clock genes and their protein products, first discovered and described in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, we show that in wildtype mice core clock components (mPer1/PER1, mPer2/PER2, mCry1/CRY1, mCry2/CRY2, mClock/CLOCK, mBmal1/BMAL1) are expressed in neurons of all subregions of the hippocampus in a time-locked fashion over a 24-h (diurnal) day/night cycle. Temporal profiling of these transcriptional regulators reveals distinct and parallel peaks, at times when memory traces are usually formed and/or consolidated. The coordinated rhythmic expression of hippocampal clock gene expression is greatly disordered in mice deficient for the clock gene mPer1, a key player implicated in both, maintenance and adaptative plasticity of circadian clocks. Moreover, Per1-knockout animals are severely handicapped in a hippocampus-dependent long-term spatial learning paradigm. We propose that the dynamics of hippocampal clock gene expression imprint a temporal structure on memory processing and shape at the same time the efficacy of behavioral learning.
Jilg
Antje
A
Institute of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Lesny
Sandra
S
Peruzki
Natalie
N
Schwegler
Herbert
H
Selbach
Oliver
O
Dehghani
Faramarz
F
Stehle
Jörg H
JH
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056931:Cryptochromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C538964:Cry1 protein, mouse; D056931:Cryptochromes; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538944:Clock protein, mouse