Isolation of sulfated galactan from Codium fragile and its antiviral effect.
A sulfated galactan (FG) was isolated from the green alga, Codium fragile. Chemical analysis revealed that FG mainly consisted of D-galactose with pyruvic acid (12.3%) and sulfate (11.0%). Methylation and NMR analyses showed that FG was composed of -->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->, beta-D-Galp-(1--> and -->3,6)-beta-D-Galp-(1--> residue. In addition, pyruvic acid was suggested to be present as (1'-carboxy)-ethylidene cyclic ketal at O-3 and O-4 of non-reducing terminal galactose residues, whereas sulfate was substituted at O-4 of other galactose residues. When the antiviral potency of FG was evaluated, it inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and the mechanism of action was suggested to be interference in the early steps such as virus adsorption to and penetration into host cells. Furthermore, it was shown that FG directly reduced virus infection rates. In a genital infection model using HSV-2-infected mice, FG improved mortality and lesion scores and reduced virus yields by intravaginal administration. These results suggest that FG might be a potent candidate as a prophylactic agent for HSV-2 infection.
Ohta
Yuko
Y
Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Lee
Jung-Bum
JB
Hayashi
Kyoko
K
Hayashi
Toshimitsu
T
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013431:Sulfates; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005685:Galactans; D013431:Sulfates