Human papillomavirus and genital cancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections world-wide. Low-risk HPV-types are associated with genital warts. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV-types is associated with genital cancers. Smoking and HIV infection have consistently been associated with longer duration of HPV infection and risk for genital cancer. There is an increasing incidence of anal cancers, and a close association with HPV infection has been demonstrated. Receptive anal sex and HIV-positive status are associated with a high risk for anal cancer. Two HPV vaccines are now available and offer protection from infection by the HPV-types included in the vaccine. This benefit is maximally seen in young women who were uninfected prior to vaccination.
Rapose
Alwyn
A
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0435, USA. alwyn.rapose@gmail.com
D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology
D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines