Beyond Type D personality: reduced positive affect (anhedonia) predicts impaired health status in chronic heart failure.
OBJECTIVE
Type D personality has been associated with impaired health status in chronic heart failure (CHF), but other psychological factors may also be important.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether non-Type D patients with low positive affect and Type D patients report lower health status, compared with non-Type D patients with high positive affect at 12-month follow-up in chronic heart failure.


METHODS
Consecutive CHF outpatients (n = 276) filled out the Short Form-12 (health status) and Health Complaints Scale (disease-specific complaints) at inclusion and 12-month follow-up, and the DS14 (Type D personality) and positive affect (Global Mood Scale) at inclusion. Three groups were composed: non-Type D patients without anhedonia, non-Type D patients with anhedonia, and Type D patients.


RESULTS
After controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, and scores at inclusion, anhedonic non-Type D patients reported lower mental health status (beta = -.19, P < .004), and more feelings of disability (beta = .10, P = .04), marginally lower physical health status (beta = -.11, P = .07), and equal levels of cardiac symptoms (beta = .04, P = .43), when compared with non-Type D's without anhedonia. Type D patients reported lower levels of impaired mental health status, more cardiac symptoms and feelings of disability (-.31 < beta < .17, all Ps < .05). A trend was shown for physical health status (beta = -.11, P = .09).


CONCLUSIONS
Non-Type D patients low on positive affect and Type D patients report lower levels of health status in CHF, compared with non-Type D patients with high positive affect. Future studies need to determine whether lack of positive affect is associated with impaired clinical outcome.
Pelle
Aline J
AJ
Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Pedersen
Susanne S
SS
Szabó
Balázs M
BM
Denollet
Johan
J
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires