[Symptoms of depression in strict Calvinist patients and in patients without religious affiliations: a comparison].
BACKGROUND
Culture can have a considerable influence on the way in which a depression is experienced, expressed or presented. Strict Calvinists or reformed pietists form an orthodox protestant cultural minority in the Netherlands. This orthodox wing of the Dutch Reformed Churches places a strong emphasis on personal religious experience of God's work of conversion. It is possible that symptoms of depression in this group differ somewhat from such symptoms in nonaffiliated depressed patients.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether depressive symptoms in strict Calvinistic patients differ from those in non-affiliated patients.


METHODS
Seventy depressed adult Dutch nationals receiving treatment as outpatients under the mental health service were asked to fill in a depression self-scoring list (Beck Depression Inventory II (bdi-ii)). A comparison was made between the total scores and scores of symptom clusters of strict Calvinists and the corresponding scores of non-affiliated patients. results The strict Calvinists had a lower total score than the non-affiliated patients on the bdi-ii and their scores were particularly lower for the symptom clusters suicidality and restrictions in functioning.


CONCLUSIONS
Strict Calvinists differed from the non-affiliated patients in the way in which they presented on a depression self scoring list during depression. Perhaps strict Calvinists have less chance of being diagnosed and treated at an early stage because they conceal their depression and struggle on for a longer time. The study shows that insight into the religious background of Dutch national patients can be important for accurate psychiatric diagnostics.
de Lely
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van den Broek
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Mulder
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Birkenhäger
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult