IL-22-producing "T22" T cells account for upregulated IL-22 in atopic dermatitis despite reduced IL-17-producing TH17 T cells.
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common inflammatory skin diseases. An upregulated TH17/IL-23 pathway was demonstrated in psoriasis. Although potential involvement of TH17 T cells in AD was suggested during acute disease, the role of these cells in chronic AD remains unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To examine differences in IL-23/TH17 signal between these diseases and establish relative frequencies of T-cell subsets in AD.


METHODS
Skin biopsies and peripheral blood were collected from patients with chronic AD (n = 12) and psoriasis (n = 13). Relative frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets within these 2 compartments were examined by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry.


RESULTS
In peripheral blood, no significant difference was found in percentages of different T-cell subsets between these diseases. In contrast, psoriatic skin had significantly increased frequencies of TH1 and TH17 T cells compared with AD, whereas TH2 T cells were significantly elevated in AD. Distinct IL-22-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations were significantly increased in AD skin compared with psoriasis. IL-22+CD8+ T-cell frequency correlated with AD disease severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data established that T cells could independently express IL-22 even with low expression levels of IL-17. This argues for a functional specialization of T cells such that "T17" and "T22" T-cells may drive different features of epidermal pathology in inflammatory skin diseases, including induction of antimicrobial peptides for "T17" T cells and epidermal hyperplasia for "T22" T-cells. Given the clinical correlation with disease severity, further characterization of "T22" T cells is warranted, and may have future therapeutic implications.
Nograles
Kristine E
KE
Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Zaba
Lisa C
LC
Shemer
Avner
A
Fuentes-Duculan
Judilyn
J
Cardinale
Irma
I
Kikuchi
Toyoko
T
Ramon
Michal
M
Bergman
Reuven
R
Krueger
James G
JG
Guttman-Yassky
Emma
E
D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097043:Interleukin-22
D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D007378:Interleukins; D000097043:Interleukin-22