Reduction of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in pig manure through fly ash and lime addition during alkaline stabilization.
A pilot scale study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lime and alkaline coal fly ash (CFA) on the reduction of pathogens in pig manure during alkaline stabilization and suppression of re-growth during post-stabilization incubation. Pig manure was mixed with CFA at 25%, 33% and 50%, and a control without fly ash was maintained. To these manure-ash mixtures, lime was added at the rate of 2% or 4% and incubated for 8 days. During the incubation, the population of Salmonella, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal Streptococcus and total bacteria were enumerated. After the alkaline stabilization process, the mixtures were incubated under green house condition to evaluate the re-growth of pathogens. During the 8-day alkaline stabilization, Salmonella, fecal coliforms, E. coli and fecal Streptococcus were completely devitalized in manure-ash-lime mixtures, whereas in the control, incubation reduced the pathogen and total bacterial population by 2-3 logs. Fecal streptococcus was destructed within 4 days of alkaline stabilization, whereas other pathogens needed 8 days for their destruction. During the incubation in green house, an increase in the population of the pathogens and total bacteria was observed. Results indicate that alkaline stabilization of pig manure with lime at 4% and CFA at 50% is effective in devitalizing the pathogens and reducing the post-stabilization re-growth.
Wong
Jonathan W C
JW
Department of Biology, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR. jwcwong@hkbu.edu.hk
Selvam
Ammaiyappan
A
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D002244:Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D060729:Coal Ash; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
D060729:Coal Ash; D008372:Manure; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D002244:Carbon