Aberrations in folate metabolic pathway and altered susceptibility to autism.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether genetic polymorphisms are the underlying causes for aberrations in folate pathway that was reported in autistic children.


METHODS
A total of 138 children diagnosed as autistic based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria and Autism Behavior Checklist scoring and 138 age and sex matched children who are nonautistic were tested for five genetic polymorphisms, that is, cytosolic serine hydroxyl methyl transferase (SHMT1 C1420T), methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G), methionine synthase (MS A2756G) using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.


RESULTS
MTHFR 677T-allele frequency was found to be higher in autistic children compared with nonautistic children (16.3 vs. 6.5%) with 2.79-fold increased risk for autism [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-4.93]. The frequencies of MTRR 66A allele (12.7 vs. 21.0%) and SHMT 1420T allele (27.9 vs. 45.3%) were lower in autistic group compared with nonautistic group with odds ratios 0.55 (95% CI: 0.35-0.86) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.31-0.62), respectively, indicating reduced risk. MTHFR 1298C-allele frequency was similar in both the groups (53.3 vs. 53.6%) and hence individually not associated with any risk. However, this allele was found to act additively in the presence of MTHFR 677T allele as evidenced by 8.11-fold (95% CI: 2.84-22.92) risk associated with MTHFR 677CT+TT/1298AC+CC genotypes cumulatively.


CONCLUSIONS
MTHFR C677T is a risk factor, whereas MTRR A66G and SHMT C1420T polymorphisms reduce risk for autism. MTHFR A1298C acts additively in increasing the risk for autism.
Mohammad
Naushad Shaik
NS
Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India. naushadsm@gmail.com
Jain
Jamal Md Nurul
JM
Chintakindi
Krishna Prasad
KP
Singh
Ram Prakash
RP
Naik
Usha
U
Akella
Radha Rama Devi
RR
D000483:Alleles; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
D005492:Folic Acid; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)