Persistent challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research findings on the persistence of challenging behaviours in adults and children with an intellectual disability.


RESULTS
Studies varied in their definition and measurement of persistence or change in challenging behaviours. Persistence levels tended to be high in adults and challenging behaviours were stable over time, especially in individuals with autism. Moderate to high stability levels were evident in children, although there was a tendency for decreases in mean scores for behaviour problems over time.


CONCLUSIONS
A substantial proportion of people with an intellectual disability experience persistent and stable challenging behaviours across their lives. Our knowledge of the factors that drive these high levels of persistence remains limited.
School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK. v.totsika@bangor.ac.uk
Vasiliki
V
Totsika
Richard P
RP
Hastings
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology