Plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia in children.
CD4/CD56 malignancies are rare hematologic neoplasms, which have recently been shown to represent the malignant counterpart of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). A 5-year-old boy initially presented with multiple subcutaneous lesions on his upper and lower extremities. Skin biopsy results showed large atypical lymphoid cells in the dermis. The blast cells were stained with CD4 and CD56. In the bone marrow aspirate, 20% of the blast cells were found. The patient was diagnosed as acute unclassified leukemia and received chemotherapy designed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. He achieved a complete remission that lasted for 8 months. However, multiple subcutaneous lesions recurred 1 month after the end of the therapy, with increasing blast cells in his blood. Immunophenotypically, the blast cells were positive for CD2, CD4, CD7, and CD56, and negative for CD3, CD13, CD19, CD33, and CD34 antigens. The blast cells were positive for CD123 (interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain) and blood dendritic cell antigen-2, which are expressed on pDC. The patient was diagnosed as acute leukemia derived from pDC. The CD4, CD56, CD3, CD13, CD19, CD33 profile is highly suggestive of this disease, and the CD123 and blood dendritic cell antigen-2 markers are useful in helping to diagnose pDC leukemia.
Hama
Asahito
A
Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Kudo
Kazuko
K
Itzel
Bustos Villalobos
BV
Muramatsu
Hideki
H
Nishio
Nobuhiro
N
Yoshida
Nao
N
Takahashi
Yoshiyuki
Y
Yagasaki
Hiroshi
H
Ito
Masafumi
M
Kojima
Seiji
S
D000208:Acute Disease; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000473:pathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017252:CD3 Complex; C571163:CD33 protein, human; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3; D018826:CD13 Antigens