Distribution of glutamate transporter GLAST in membranes of cultured astrocytes in the presence of glutamate transport substrates and ATP.
Neurotransmitter L-glutamate released at central synapses is taken up and "recycled" by astrocytes using glutamate transporter molecules such as GLAST and GLT. Glutamate transport is essential for prevention of glutamate neurotoxicity, it is a key regulator of neurotransmitter metabolism and may contribute to mechanisms through which neurons and glia communicate with each other. Using immunocytochemistry and image analysis we have found that extracellular D-aspartate (a typical substrate for glutamate transport) can cause redistribution of GLAST from cytoplasm to the cell membrane. The process appears to involve phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and requires intact cytoskeleton. Glutamate transport ligands L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and DL-threo-3-benzyloxyaspartate but not anti,endo-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate have produced similar redistribution of GLAST. Several representative ligands for glutamate receptors whether of ionotropic or metabotropic type, were found to have no effect. In addition, extracellular ATP induced formation of GLAST clusters in the cell membranes by a process apparently mediated by P2 receptors. The present data suggest that GLAST can rapidly and specifically respond to changes in the cellular environment thus potentially helping to fine-tune the functions of astrocytes.
Shin
Jae-Won
JW
Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nguyen
Khoa T D
KT
Pow
David V
DV
Knight
Toby
T
Buljan
Vlado
V
Bennett
Maxwell R
MR
Balcar
Vladimir J
VJ
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000502:physiology
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; C493392:Slc1a3 protein, rat; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate