Signaling pathways regulating vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation is an essential component of vascular development. These cells perform biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. VSMCs are not terminally differentiated and are able to modulate their phenotype in response to changing local environmental cues. There is clear evidence that alterations in the differentiated state of the VSMC play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia, as well as in a variety of other major human diseases, including hypertension, asthma, atherosclerosis and vascular aneurysms. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in controlling phenotypic switching of VSMCs, with particular focus on examination of the signaling pathways that regulate this process.
Rzucidlo
Eva M
EM
Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. Eva.M.Rzucidlo@Hitchcock.org
D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases