Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation on denture material.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to determine the ability of several thin-film polymer formulations, with and without incorporated antifungals, to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm growth on denture material. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilms on maxillary dentures could play a significant role in preventing the development of denture stomatitis.


METHODS
Low-porosity and high-porosity thin-film polymer formulations were used and one of the following fungicides was added: 1) chlorhexidine diacetate at 1.0%; 2) nystatin at 1.0%; or 3) amphotericin B at 0.1%. These coatings were placed on rectangular (12 x 10 mm) dental resin material samples. A subset of the coated dental materials were brushed to simulate denture cleaning for 1 minute per day for 1 year. Candida albicans biofilms were formed on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) specimens placed in 24-well polystyrene plates, and the extent of biofilm formation on coated and noncoated specimens was assessed using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay.


RESULTS
Thin-film polymer PMMA coatings alone, without an antifungal agent, produced a small significant reduction in C. albicans biofilm formation compared with control PMMA. However, incorporation of antifungal medications into the thin-film polymer reduced biofilm formation between 70% and 80% with nystatin, and between 50% and 60% with amphotericin B. Biofilm reduction with chlorhexidine (up to 98%) was significantly greater than all other formulations tested (P < .025).


CONCLUSIONS
This novel thin-film coating with various antifungals effectively inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and should be evaluated as a potential preventive therapy for denture stomatitis.
Department of Dental Diagnostic Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. redding@uthscsa.edu
Spencer
S
Redding
Bakul
B
Bhatt
H Ralph
HR
Rawls
Gregg
G
Siegel
Kevin
K
Scott
Jose
J
Lopez-Ribot
D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003819:Denture Bases / Q000382:microbiology; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000494:pharmacology; D003827:Denture, Complete, Upper / Q000382:microbiology*; D009761:Nystatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011897:Random Allocation; D014099:Toothbrushing
D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003820:Denture Cleansers; C073910:Repair Material; D009761:Nystatin; C040291:Lucitone; D000666:Amphotericin B; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D002710:Chlorhexidine