Utilisation review of epoetin alfa in cancer patients at a cancer centre in Singapore.
BACKGROUND
Recombinant erythropoietin-stimulating agents have been used to ameliorate the symptoms of anaemia in cancer patients. However, there have been concerns about an increased risk of thromboembolic events and mortality. This study reviews the usage of epoetin alfa in treating chemotherapy-induced anaemia at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), as well as the prescribing and monitoring practices employed.


METHODS
Cancer patients who have received at least one dose of epoetin alfa at the NCCS between January 1, 2005 and October 15, 2007 were included in this study.


RESULTS
A total of 121 patients were identified and 91 patients were eligible for data collection. The majority of patients manifested breast cancer (30.8 percent) and ovarian cancer (15.4 percent). Over 90 percent of the patients were receiving either chemotherapy or radiotherapy when epoetin alfa was initiated. Epoetin alfa was initiated at a median haemoglobin level of 8.7 (range 7-14.3) g/dL. Approximately 41.8 percent of the patients had a positive response after the initiation of epoetin alfa. Baseline iron studies were performed in 12.1 percent of the patients. Blood pressure was uncontrolled, according to the Singapore Ministry of Health Hypertension guideline, in a substantial number of patients (32.6 percent) prior to the initiation epoetin alfa. There were no documented thromboembolic events.


CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a broad range of practices in the utilisation of epoetin alfa at NCCS, which may explain the variable patient response to epoetin alfa. The results of this study will be used to improve the management of chemotherapy-induced anaemia at the institution.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore. phaac@nus.edu.sg
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006397:Hematinics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa