Knowledge transfer principles as applied to sport concussion education.
OBJECTIVE
To (a) examine knowledge transfer literature and optimal learning needs as applied to healthcare professionals, coaches and student athletes; (b) apply the practice of knowledge transfer to sport concussion education resources; and (c) identify needs and make recommendations for optimising concussion education.


METHODS
Qualitative literature review of knowledge transfer and concussion education literature.


METHODS
Pubmed, Medline, Psych Info and Sport Discus databases were reviewed. 52 journal articles, 20 websites and 2 books were reviewed.


RESULTS
The methods in which individuals experience optimal learning varies and should be considered when developing effective concussion education strategies. Physician knowledge and performance are impacted by education outreach, interaction and reminder messages. Educational strategies associated with optimal learning for physio and athletic therapists include problem and evidence-based practice, socialisation and peer-assisted learning. From a coaching perspective, research supports the reflective process as a learning modality. Student athletes have strengths and weaknesses in different areas and so perform differently on activities requiring distinct strategies. Knowing the impact of sport concussion resources on knowledge enhancement and modifying attitudes and behaviours toward concussion requires evaluation strategies. Review of concussion resources using the perspective of knowledge transfer and methods for improvement is discussed.


CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge transfer is a relatively new concept in sports medicine and its influence on enhancing concussion education is not well known. The needs and optimal learning styles of target audiences coupled with evaluation need to be a piece of the overall concussion education puzzle to effectively impact knowledge of and attitudes and behaviours towards sport concussion.
Cancer Care Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
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Johnston
D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D001265:Athletic Injuries; D001924:Brain Concussion; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003142:Communication; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000193:education*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013664:Teaching Materials