Coronary artery disease in association with depression or anxiety among patients undergoing angiography to investigate chest pain.
In search of associations between coronary artery disease and symptoms of depression and anxiety, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of 314 patients (age range, 19-79 yr) who had presented with chest pain. Coronary angiographic findings were classified into 5 categories (0-4), in which higher numbers indicated more severe disease. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated by the Beck depression and anxiety inventories, in which higher scores indicated more severe symptoms.Older age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and high income were found in association with coronary artery disease. Woman patients exhibited significantly higher depression and anxiety scores (P < 0.001), even though they had coronary artery disease infrequently (P = 0.003). At first, no significant correlation was found between coronary artery disease levels 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 and scores of depression or anxiety. After controlling for sex differences and other confounding variables, however, we found that every 1-point increase in the depression score was associated with an average 5% to 6% increase in abnormal coronary angiographic findings or definitive coronary artery disease, respectively (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002). Although there was no such association between anxiety score and coronary artery disease, the highest anxiety scores were encountered in patients with slow coronary flow.
Cardiology Clinics, Avrupa Safak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. heppikalp@yahoo.com
Mutlu
M
Vural
Omer
O
Satiroglu
Berfu
B
Akbas
Isin
I
Goksel
Ocal
O
Karabay
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult