Yolk sac tumours of the ovary: evaluation of clinicopathological features and prognostic factors.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinicopathological prognostic features, factors and outcomes of chemotherapy in ovarian yolk sac tumours (YST).


METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 32 women with ovarian YST treated from 1990 to 2006 at two centres.


RESULTS
The median follow-up was 36 months. The median age was 22 (range, 9-68). Two patients were postmenopausal. The most common symptoms at diagnosis included abdominal swelling or mass (72%) and abdominopelvic pain (62%). The location of the tumour was bilateral in 2 cases. Eight patients were in stage I, 4 patients in stage II, 17 patients in stage III, and 3 patients in stage IV. Eighteen patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, two bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and two cystectomy, while 10 patients had total abdominal hysterectomy and two bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Of 32 patients who received postoperative chemotherapy, 27 were treated with a bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin (BEP) regimen. Seventy-two percent of patients were alive at the last follow-up visit. Ten (31%) patients suffered from a recurrence of the disease with a median time to recurrence of 8 months (range, 6-28 months). The most common site of recurrence was the intra-abdominal space, with 8 patients. Only one patient who had recurrence could be salvaged. Fertility-sparing surgery was found at least as effective as radical surgery. While age, histology (mixed vs. pure), stage, tumour size, ascites, and marker levels were not found as prognostic factors, the presence of residual tumour (P=0.014) and BEP chemotherapy (P=0.016) were significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ovarian YST, fertility-sparing surgery is as effective as radical surgery. Optimal cytoreductive surgery and standard BEP regimen are the most decisive prognostic factors. In these tumours, adjunctive therapeutic modalities to eradicate intra-abdominal disease and effective salvage therapy strategies are needed.
Cicin
Irfan
I
Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Turkey. irfancicin@hotmail.com
Saip
Pinar
P
Guney
Nese
N
Eralp
Yesim
Y
Ayan
Inci
I
Kebudi
Rejin
R
Topuz
Erkan
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin