Characterisation of a novel NR4A2 mutation in Parkinson's disease brain.
OBJECTIVE
We performed a mutation screen of NR4A2 (also known as NURR1) in 409 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We identified a novel single base substitution in the 5'UTR of the NR4A2 (also known as NURR1) gene (c.-309C>T).


RESULTS
We have performed expression studies in neuronal cell lines showing that the c.-309C>T mutation reduces NR4A2 mRNA expression in vitro. We have confirmed this finding in vivo by performing allele specific real-time PCR from brain tissue harbouring the 309C>T mutation and show a 3.48+/-1.62 fold reduction in mRNA expression of the mutant allele compared to wild-type. In addition we have undertaken genome wide expression analysis of the mutant NR4A2 brain and shown underexpressed genes were significantly enriched for gene ontology categories in nervous system development and synaptic transmission and overexpressed genes were enriched for unfolded protein response and morphogenesis. Lastly we have shown that the c.-309C>T mutation abrogates the protective effect of wild-type NR4A2 against apoptopic stress.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate the c.-309C>T mutation reduces NR4A2 expression resulting in the downregulation of genes involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system and synaptic transmission. These downregulated pathways contained genes known to be transactivated by NR4A2 and were not disrupted in idiopathic PD brain suggesting causality of the mutation.
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
P M A
PM
Sleiman
D G
DG
Healy
M M K
MM
Muqit
Y X
YX
Yang
M
M
Van Der Brug
J L
JL
Holton
T
T
Revesz
N P
NP
Quinn
K
K
Bhatia
J K J
JK
Diss
A J
AJ
Lees
M R
MR
Cookson
D S
DS
Latchman
N W
NW
Wood
D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D014157:Transcription Factors