Intracranial and blood pressure variability and long-term outcome after aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND
Care of brain-injured patients in intensive care units has focused on maintaining arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure within prescribed ranges. Research suggests, however, that the dynamic variability of these pressure signals provides additional information about physiological functioning and may reflect adaptive capacity.


OBJECTIVE
To see if long-term outcomes can be predicted from variability of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.


METHODS
Arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure were monitored continuously for 4 days in 90 patients (74% women; mean age, 53 years) in an intensive care unit after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Variability of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure signals was calculated on 4 timescales: 24 hours, 1 hour, 5 minutes, and the difference of sequential 5-second means. The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale was used to assess functional outcome 6 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage.


RESULTS
Pressure variability was better than mean pressure levels for predicting 6-month functional outcome. When initial neurological condition was controlled for, greater faster variability (particularly 5-second) was associated with better outcomes (typical P<.001), whereas greater 24-hour variability was associated with poorer outcomes (typical P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between long-term functional outcome and variability of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure levels depends on the timescale at which the variability is measured. Because it is associated with better outcome, greater faster variability may reflect better physiological adaptive capacity.
Kirkness
Catherine J
CJ
University of Washington, Seattle, USA. kirkness@u.washington.edu
Burr
Robert L
RL
Mitchell
Pamela H
PH
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014861:Washington