Cancer stem cells: a new paradigm for understanding tumor growth and progression and drug resistance.
Normal somatic stem cells (SC) are naturally resistant to chemotherapeutic agents due to their expression of various membrane transporter molecules (such as MDR-1), detoxifying enzymes and DNA repair proteins. In addition, they also have a slow rate of cell turnover and therefore escape from chemotherapeutic agents that target rapidly replicating cells. Cancer stem cells (CSC), being the mutated counterparts of normal SC, also have similar properties, which allow them to survive therapy. These surviving CSC then repopulate the tumor, causing relapse. The purpose of this review is to understand the most current research into the cellular and molecular biology of CSC. Topics that will be explored are the origin of CSC, the CSC niche, the regulation of self-renewal in normal and cancer SC, and CSC as therapeutic targets.
Gangemi
Rosaria
R
Immunological Therapy Laboratory, Lung Cancer Unit, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132 Genova Italy.
Paleari
Laura
L
Orengo
Anna Maria
AM
Cesario
Alfredo
A
Chessa
Leonardo
L
Ferrini
Silvano
S
Russo
Patrizia
P
D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*