Short-term magnesium deficiency results in decreased levels of serum sphingomyelin, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues.
The present study tested the hypothesis that short-term dietary deficiency of magnesium (Mg) (21 days) in rats would 1) result in decreased serum(s) [the present study tested the levels of Mg, sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylcholine (PC)]; 2) promote DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation (LP), and activation of caspase-3 in cardiac (ventricular and atrial) and vascular(aortic) muscle; and 3) low levels of Mg(2+) added to drinking water would either prevent or greatly ameliorate these manifestations. The data indicate that short-term Mg deficiency (10% normal dietary intake) resulted in profound reductions in serum-ionized Mg and total Mg with an elevation in serum-ionized calcium (Ca(2+)), significant lowering of serum SM and serum PC, with concomitant LP, DNA fragmentation, and activation of caspase-3 in ventricular (right and left chambers), atrial (right and left chambers) and abdominal aortic smooth muscle. The greater the reduction in serum-ionized Mg, the greater the effects on DNA fragmentation, LP, and caspase-3 activity. The intake of water-borne Mg(2+) at all levels greatly attenuated or inhibited the reductions in serum SM and serum PC, activation of LP, DNA fragmentation, and the activation of caspase-3; even very low levels of Mg(2+) in drinking water (i.e., 15 parts.million(-1).day(-1)) were cardio- and vascular protective. In addition, we demonstrate that short-term dietary deficiency of Mg probably results in a downregulation of SM synthase and a decreased synthesis of PC.
Altura
Burton M
BM
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA. baltura@downstate.edu
Shah
Nilank C
NC
Jiang
Xian-Cheng
XC
Li
Zhiqiang
Z
Perez-Albela
José Luis
JL
Sica
Anthony C
AC
Altura
Bella T
BT
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000097:blood*
D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D053148:Caspase 3; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium