Cinnamon extract inhibits tau aggregation associated with Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
An aqueous extract of Ceylon cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) is found to inhibit tau aggregation and filament formation, hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extract can also promote complete disassembly of recombinant tau filaments and cause substantial alteration of the morphology of paired-helical filaments isolated from AD brain. Cinnamon extract (CE) was not deleterious to the normal cellular function of tau, namely the assembly of free tubulin into microtubules. An A-linked proanthocyanidin trimer molecule was purified from the extract and shown to contain a significant proportion of the inhibitory activity. Treatment with polyvinylpyrolidone effectively depleted all proanthocyanidins from the extract solution and removed the majority, but not all, of the inhibitory activity. The remainder inhibitory activity could be attributed to cinnamaldehyde. This work shows that compounds endogenous to cinnamon may be beneficial to AD themselves or may guide the discovery of other potential therapeutics if their mechanisms of action can be discerned.
Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Dylan W
DW
Peterson
Roshni C
RC
George
Francesca
F
Scaramozzino
Nichole E
NE
LaPointe
Richard A
RA
Anderson
Donald J
DJ
Graves
John
J
Lew
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014404:Tubulin; D016875:tau Proteins; C013221:proanthocyanidin