[Mustard gas bombs found astray in the Faxaflói bay. Mustard gas: usage and poisonings].
The finding in 1972 of two World War II mustard gas artillery shells in crushed shell sediment dredged in the Faxaflói Bay and transported as raw material for cement production at Akranes (Western Iceland) is reported. One of the shells was wedged in a stone crusher in the raw material processing line and was ruptured. As a result dark fluid with a garlic like smell seeped out from the metal canister. The attending employees believed the metal object to be inert and tried to cut it out with a blow torch. This resulted in the explosion of the shell charge and in the exposure of four employees to mustard gas. All suffered burns on their hands and two of them in the eyes also. The second shell was detonated in the open at a distance from the factory. Emphasis is given to the fact that instant, or at least as soon as possible, cleansing and washing is the most efficient measure to be taken against the debilitating effects of mustard gas. It is also pointed out that the active principle in mustard gas (dichlorodiethyl sulphide) can easily be synthesized and none of the precursor substances are subjected to any restrictions of use. The authors conclude that mustard gas bombs may still be found in the arsenals of some military powers in spite of an international convention that prohibits the production, stockpiling and the use of chemical weapons. Terrorist groups have also seemingly tried to aquire mustard gas bombs and other chemical weapons. Therefore cases of mustard gas poisoning might still occur.
Kristinsson
Jakop
J
Rannsóknastofu í lyfja-og eiturefnafraedi, Reykjavik. jakobk@hi.is
Jóhannesson
Thorkell
T
D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054042:Bombs / Q000266:history; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000266:history / Q000506:poisoning*; D003666:Decontamination; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000266:history / Q000506:poisoning*; D005107:Explosions / Q000266:history; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000266:history / Q000506:poisoning*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000266:history; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries; D047789:World War II
D000931:Antidotes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009151:Mustard Gas