Epigenetic control of mammalian LINE-1 retrotransposon by retinoblastoma proteins.
Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs or L1 elements) are targeted for epigenetic silencing during early embryonic development and remain inactive in most cells and tissues. Here we show that E2F-Rb family complexes participate in L1 elements epigenetic regulation via nucleosomal histone modifications and recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2. Our experiments demonstrated that (i) Rb and E2F interact with human and mouse L1 elements, (ii) L1 elements are deficient in both heterochromatin-associated histone marks H3 tri methyl K9 and H4 tri methyl K20 in Rb family triple knock out (Rb, p107, and p130) fibroblasts (TKO), (iii) L1 promoter exhibits increased histone H3 acetylation in the absence of HDAC1 and HDAC2 recruitment, (iv) L1 expression in TKO fibroblasts is upregulated compared to wild type counterparts, (v) L1 expression increases in the presence of the HDAC inhibitor TSA. On the basis of these findings we propose a model in which L1 sequences throughout the genome serve as centers for heterochromatin formation in an Rb family-dependent manner. As such, Rb proteins and L1 elements may play key roles in heterochromatin formation beyond pericentromeric chromosomal regions. These findings describe a novel mechanism of L1 reactivation in mammalian cells mediated by failure of corepressor protein recruitment by Rb, loss of histone epigenetic marks, heterochromatin formation, and increased histone H3 acetylation.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Diego E
DE
Montoya-Durango
Yongqing
Y
Liu
Ivo
I
Teneng
Ted
T
Kalbfleisch
Mary E
ME
Lacy
Marlene C
MC
Steffen
Kenneth S
KS
Ramos
D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C489485:Rbl1 protein, mouse; C493838:Rbl2 protein, mouse; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; D004247:DNA; D006655:Histone Deacetylases