Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus: a pilot extension study with individuals high and low in fear of negative evaluation.
Previous research in depressed participants has supported the differentiation of self-focus into distinct modes of self-attention with distinct functional effects. In particular, Rimes and Watkins (2005) investigated the effects of self-focused rumination on overgeneral thinking and found that analytical, evaluative self-focus increased global negative self-judgments, whereas self-focus low in analytical thinking decreased such judgments in depressed participants. Given that self-focused attention and rumination have been implicated in the maintenance of social anxiety, the present study investigated the effects of these two distinct forms of self-focused attention on global negative self-judgments in an analogue sample for social anxiety (high and low fear of negative evaluation, FNE). Individuals high and low in FNE (n=41 per group) were randomly allocated to analytic (abstract, evaluative) or experiential (concrete, process-focused) self-focused manipulations. As predicted, in high FNE individuals, the experiential self-focus condition decreased ratings of the self as worthless and incompetent pre- to post-manipulation, whereas the analytical self-focus condition maintained such negative self-judgments. Analytical and experiential self-focus did not differ in their effects on mood. The results suggest that an experiential mode of self-focused rumination may be adaptive in social anxiety.
Department of Primary Education, University of Patras, Greece. stephanosv@upatras.gr
Stephanos P
SP
Vassilopoulos
Edward R
ER
Watkins
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012649:Self Concept; D019455:Self Psychology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult