A binary method for simple and accurate two-dimensional cursor control from EEG with minimal subject training.
BACKGROUND
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) use electroencephalography (EEG) to interpret user intention and control an output device accordingly. We describe a novel BCI method to use a signal from five EEG channels (comprising one primary channel with four additional channels used to calculate its Laplacian derivation) to provide two-dimensional (2-D) control of a cursor on a computer screen, with simple threshold-based binary classification of band power readings taken over pre-defined time windows during subject hand movement.


METHODS
We tested the paradigm with four healthy subjects, none of whom had prior BCI experience. Each subject played a game wherein he or she attempted to move a cursor to a target within a grid while avoiding a trap. We also present supplementary results including one healthy subject using motor imagery, one primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patient, and one healthy subject using a single EEG channel without Laplacian derivation.


RESULTS
For the four healthy subjects using real hand movement, the system provided accurate cursor control with little or no required user training. The average accuracy of the cursor movement was 86.1% (SD 9.8%), which is significantly better than chance (p = 0.0015). The best subject achieved a control accuracy of 96%, with only one incorrect bit classification out of 47. The supplementary results showed that control can be achieved under the respective experimental conditions, but with reduced accuracy.


CONCLUSIONS
The binary method provides naïve subjects with real-time control of a cursor in 2-D using dichotomous classification of synchronous EEG band power readings from a small number of channels during hand movement. The primary strengths of our method are simplicity of hardware and software, and high accuracy when used by untrained subjects.
Kayagil
Turan A
TA
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tkayagil@gmail.com
Bai
Ou
O
Henriquez
Craig S
CS
Lin
Peter
P
Furlani
Stephen J
SJ
Vorbach
Sherry
S
Hallett
Mark
M
D000328:Adult; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D003199:Computer Systems; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009068:Movement; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult