Phase III postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate-specific antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95.
OBJECTIVE
Local failure after radical prostatectomy (RP) is common in patients with cancer extending beyond the capsule. Two randomized trials demonstrated an advantage for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) compared with a wait-and-see policy. We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare RP followed by immediate RT with RP alone for patients with pT3 prostate cancer and an undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after RP.


METHODS
After RP, 192 men were randomly assigned to a wait-and-see policy, and 193 men were assigned to immediate postoperative RT. Eligible patients had pT3 pN0 tumors. Patients who did not achieve an undetectable PSA after RP were excluded from treatment according to random assignment (n = 78; 20%). Of the remaining 307 patients, 34 patients on the RT arm did not receive RT and five patients on the wait-and-see arm received RT. Therefore, 114 patients underwent RT and 154 patients were treated with a wait-and-see policy. The primary end point was biochemical progression-free survival.


RESULTS
Biochemical progression-free survival after 5 years in patients with undetectable PSA after RP was significantly improved in the RT group (72%; 95% CI, 65% to 81%; v 54%, 95% CI, 45% to 63%; hazard ratio = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.79; P = .0015). On univariate analysis, Gleason score more than 6 and less than 7, PSA before RP, tumor stage, and positive surgical margins were predictors of outcome. The rate of grade 3 to 4 late adverse effects was 0.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjuvant RT for pT3 prostate cancer with postoperatively undetectable PSA significantly reduces the risk of biochemical progression. Further follow-up is needed to assess the effect on metastases-free and overall survival.
Wiegel
Thomas
T
Department of Radio Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. thomas.wiegel@uniklinik-ulm.de
Bottke
Dirk
D
Steiner
Ursula
U
Siegmann
Alessandra
A
Golz
Reinhard
R
Störkel
Stephan
S
Willich
Norman
N
Semjonow
Axel
A
Souchon
Rainer
R
Stöckle
Michael
M
Rübe
Christian
C
Weissbach
Lothar
L
Althaus
Peter
P
Rebmann
Udo
U
Kälble
Tilman
T
Feldmann
Horst Jürgen
HJ
Wirth
Manfred
M
Hinke
Axel
A
Hinkelbein
Wolfgang
W
Miller
Kurt
K
D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen