Electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles with different facial types.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles in different vertical facial types.


METHODS
Clinical examination, cephalometric analysis, and electromyographic examination were performed in 44 volunteers ranging from 18 to 35 years old. The volunteers were classified on the basis of their vertical facial characteristics into three groups-brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolicofacial-by the grouping analysis. The EMG records were obtained with three repetitions during mandibular rest, maximum voluntary contraction in intercuspidation, and simultaneous bilateral isotonic contraction. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were applied to verify the normality and homogeneity of variance. Analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test identified statistical differences among groups that did not present normality and homogeneity of distribution, respectively. Significance for all statistical tests was set at P < .05.


RESULTS
At rest, only the right temporal and masseter muscles presented statistically significant differences among the groups. The differences were observed between groups 1 and 2 (P = .02) and 1 and 3 (P = .038) for the right temporal muscle, and between groups 1 and 2 (P = .029) for the right masseter muscle. Generally, group 1 presented the lowest EMG values for the four muscles evaluated during rest. For isotonic evaluation, none of the groups of muscles presented statistically significant differences.


CONCLUSIONS
Different vertical facial types do not determine distinct patterns of EMG activity for the masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles during rest and bilateral mastication.
Vianna-Lara
Michelle Santos
MS
Department of Anatomy, Pontifical University of Parana, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. m.vianna@pucpr.br
Caria
Paulo Henrique Ferreira
PH
Tosello
Darcy de Oliveira
Dde O
Lara
Flávio
F
Amorim
Maise Mendonça
MM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004576:Electromyography; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D055815:Young Adult