Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bipolar depression.
There has been great public and academic interest in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders (BD) in children and adolescents over the past decade, originally in the US, but now extending internationally. Much of the interest in pediatric BD has focused on the unique manifestation of mania in younger populations. Depression is often overlooked, both as a topic, and as a clinical reality, in these children. While it is becoming clear that adults with BD spend the majority of their symptomatic time in depressive rather than manic episodes, less is known about the pediatric experience of bipolar depression. However, children and adolescents with BD clearly do experience significant depressive symptoms as well as depressive episodes, and therefore early recognition and treatment is necessary. This review addresses what is known about the prevalence, presentation, and treatment of depressive symptoms and episodes in youth with BD, and includes a discussion about the recognition and treatment of bipolar depressive episodes that occur before the first manic episode.
Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5540, USA. kchang88@stanford.edu
Kiki
K
Chang
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents