[Repair and reconstruction of traumatic defect of medial malleolus in children].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the operative method and clinical effect of repairing and reconstructing the traumatic defect of medial malleolus in children with complex tissue flap of vascularized fibular head epiphysis.


METHODS
From July 2003 to December 2007, 8 children with defect of medial malleolus due to wheel injury were treated, including 5 boys and 3 girls aged 2-10 years old. The medial malleolus were completely defected (5 cases at left foot and 3 cases at right foot) and combined with the skin defect around the medial malleolus (4.0 cm x 2.0 cm - 9.5 cm x 5.5 cm). The time from injury to hospital admission was 6-8 hours in 2 cases, and 24-168 hours in 6 cases. The complex of vascularized fibular head epiphysis and tissue flap was adopted to repair the defect. The flap 4.5 cm x 2.5 cm - 10.0 cm x 6.0 cm in size and the fibular head epiphysis 2.5-3.0 cm in length were harvested. The donor site was sutured directly.


RESULTS
All wounds healed by first intention, all the composite tissue flap survived with good blood circulation, all the epiphysis of medial malleolus healed within 6-9 weeks, and all the donor sites healed well. All the child patients were followed up for 1-5 year. The color and elasticity of the flaps were good, without cicatricial contracture. The patients had no inversion of ankle joint, with satisfying loading and walking function. Six cases had normal flexion and extension of the ankle and 2 cases were limited slightly (dorsiflexion 10-20 degrees, plantarflexion 35 degrees). Talus has no inner move and ankle joint had no eversion. Seven cases were graded as excellent and 1 as good according to the standard of American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society. For the medial malleolus, no premature closure of epiphysis occurred, and the center of ossification grew gradually and well developed like the contralateral side. The donor knee joint had normal flexion and extension function, without inversion and instability.


CONCLUSIONS
The complex of vascularized fibular head epiphysis and tissue flap can repair the epiphysis and soft tissue defect of medial malleolus in children at one stage, and the reconstructed medial malleolus can develop with the growth of children. It is a satisfactory method of reconstructing the traumatic defect of medial malleolus in children.
Department of Orthopaedics, the 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang Shandong, PR China. xt6366@yahoo.com.cn
Xuetao
X
Liu
Chengjin
C
Zhang
Chengqi
C
Wang
Guangjun
G
Liu
Yong
Y
Liu
D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps