Parathyroid hormone enhances bone morphogenetic protein activity by increasing intracellular 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
Intermittent subcutaneous injections of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increase bone mass in a variety of animal models and humans. The anabolic actions of PTH on osteogenic cells are mainly mediated through the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway via PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1). We have already reported 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA-mediated enhancement of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Herein, we focused on the involvement of PTH in BMP signaling pathways in the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cell line, to elucidate a potential mechanism of the anabolic actions of PTH on bone formation. Elevation of intracellular cAMP level in MC3T3-E1 cells by addition of PTH (10(-7) M) to culture media was transient without significant effect on biological actions of BMP. Cyclic addition of PTH (10 cyclic additions of 10(-8) M PTH at 3-min intervals) maintained a high intracellular cAMP level for about 2 h and mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by BMP was enhanced by this addition. Relative luciferase expression assay in MC3T3-E1 cells using the Id1 promoter, an early response gene to BMPs, enhanced elevation of transcriptional activity in response to recombinant human BMP-2 by concomitant addition of PTH and BMP. Furthermore, cyclic PTH treatment significantly further suppressed BMP-induced inhibitory Smad6 expression. H89 (PKA inhibitor) almost completely abolished PTH actions on BMP signaling. IBMX (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) enhanced PTH actions. These results suggest that PTH enhances BMP signaling when PTH-induced intracellular cAMP level is maintained for a few hours, accelerating BMP actions to promote osteoblastic function and anabolic actions of new bone formation.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
Yoshihiro
Y
Nakao
Tatsuya
T
Koike
Yoichi
Y
Ohta
Tomoya
T
Manaka
Yuuki
Y
Imai
Kunio
K
Takaoka
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051905:Smad6 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051905:Smad6 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase