Platycodin D and 2''-O-acetyl-polygalacin D2 isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum protect ischemia/reperfusion injury in the gerbil hippocampus.
Platycodi radix is used as a folk remedy for several conditions. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of five major extracts; deapioplatycoside E (DPE), platycoside E (PE), platyconic acid A (PA), platycodin D (PD) and 2''-o-acetyl-polygalacin D2 (PD2) isolated from the P.radix in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) 4 or 10 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Each extract was administered into gerbils with intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg/day) 10 days before ischemic surgery and the gerbils were sacrificed 4 or 10 days after I/R. Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neurodegeneration) positive ((+)) neurons increased significantly in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region in the vehicle-treated group after I/R. A similar pattern was observed in the DPE-, PE- and PA-treated groups; however, in the PD- and PD2-treated groups, F-J B(+) neurons were small in number. We also observed that activations of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 region after I/R were blocked by the PD- and PD2 treatments. In addition, we found that Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactivity in the pyramidal layer of the PD- and PD2-treated groups was similar to that of the sham group and COX-2(+) and NF-kappaB(+) cells were significantly lower in the PD- and PD2-treated group than those in the vehicle-treated group after I/R. These results suggest that PD and PD2 rescue neurons in the CA1 region from an ischemic damage.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Jung Hoon
JH
Choi
Ki-Yeon
KY
Yoo
Ok Kyu
OK
Park
Choong Hyun
CH
Lee
Moo-Ho
MH
Won
In Koo
IK
Hwang
Shi Yong
SY
Ryu
Young Sup
YS
Kim
Jae-Seon
JS
Yi
Young-Soo
YS
Bae
Il-Jun
IJ
Kang
D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031238:Platycodon; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use
C543853:2''-O-acetyl-polygalacin D2; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C121315:platycoside E; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C108953:platycodin D; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1