Bisorbicillinoids produced by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride affect feeding preference of the aphid Schizaphis graminum.
We report the effects of some bisorbicillinoids isolated from biomass of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride on settling and feeding preference of the aphid Schizaphis graminum. Purification of the fungal metabolites was carried out by a combination of column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography using direct and reverse phases. Chemical identification was performed by spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The identified bisorbicillinoids appeared to be bislongiquinolide, its 16,17-dihydro derivative, trichodimerol, and dihydrotrichodimerol. A feeding preference test with alate morphs of S. graminum was used to identify the active fractions. Among the four bisorbicillinoids, dihydrotrichodimerol and bislongiquinolide influenced aphid feeding preference, restraining specimens from settling on leaves treated with metabolites. Taste neurons sensitive to these compounds, particularly to bislongiquinolide, were located on tarsi of the S. graminum alate morphs.
Evidente
Antonio
A
Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy. evidente@unina.it
Andolfi
Anna
A
Cimmino
Alessio
A
Ganassi
Sonia
S
Altomare
Claudio
C
Favilla
Mara
M
De Cristofaro
Antonio
A
Vitagliano
Silvia
S
Agnese Sabatini
Maria
M
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000502:physiology*; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; C473618:bisorbibutenolide; C508028:tetrahydrotrichodimerol; C099299:trichodimerol; D015107:4-Butyrolactone