Substitution of vegetable oil for a partially-hydrogenated fat favorably alters cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE
Compared to vegetable oils in their unmodified state, partially-hydrogenated fat is associated with less favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Acceptable alternatives must be adjudicated. Our objective was to assess the effect of a recent commercial fat substitution, corn oil for partially-hydrogenated soybean oil.


METHODS
Using a double-blind cross-over design, 30 postmenopausal women >or=50 years with LDL-cholesterol concentrations >or=120 mg/dL were randomly assigned to each of two 35-day phases; all food and beverage was provided to maintain body weight. Corn or partially-hydrogenated soybean oil was incorporated throughout the diet and contributed two-thirds of fat. Primary outcomes included fasting and non-fasting lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations; secondary outcomes included fasting small dense LDL (sdLDL)-cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC), glycated albumin, adiponectin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations, and endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities.


RESULTS
Relative to the partially-hydrogenated soybean oil enriched diet, the corn oil enriched diet resulted in lower fasting total cholesterol (7%; P<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (10%; P<0.0001), VLDL-cholesterol (7%; P=0.052), apo B (9%; P<0.0001), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (5%; P=0.024), sdLDL-cholesterol (17%; P=0.001), and RemLC (20%; P=0.007) concentrations, and no significant effect on the other outcomes. Changes in postprandial (4-h post-meal) lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were similar to the fasting state.


CONCLUSIONS
The replacement of partially-hydrogenated soybean oil with corn oil favorably affects a range of CVD risk factors and is an appropriate option to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals.
Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
Sonia
S
Vega-López
Nirupa R
NR
Matthan
Lynne M
LM
Ausman
Masumi
M
Ai
Seiko
S
Otokozawa
Ernst J
EJ
Schaefer
Alice H
AH
Lichtenstein
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007328:Insulin; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin