Psychiatric patients: how can we decide if you are in pain?
How do psychiatric nurses make decisions about pain management for hospitalized psychiatric patients? This is the question addressed by this research. Using an exploratory, naturalistic interview approach, 20 nurses and managers in varied settings described their decision making when providing pain relief. Analysis of these narratives indicates that decision making about pain, in this unique context, is influenced by a number of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors such as the patients' needs, history, and diagnosis; nurses' beliefs about pain tolerance and drug addiction; collegial pressure; and unit safety. For example, diagnosis and patient history impact pain relief negatively, while the responsibility to maintain a safe environment imposes pressure to administer medication. Although, in a psychiatric unit, the nurse-patient relationship is essential to the healing process, nurses often face a dilemma as to whether the pain medication will contribute to healing or exacerbate the patient's issues. In psychiatric wards, the means of recovery are far less clear, tangible, and immediate than in other clinical settings. Recommendations are made for better preparing and supporting nurses to work effectively in these practice settings where pain relief is confounded by addiction and psychiatric diagnoses.
Dewar
Anne
A
School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. Anne.Dewar@nursing.ubc.ca
Osborne
Marg
M
Mullett
Jennifer
J
Langdeau
Susan
S
Plummer
Marilyn
M
D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D012017:Referral and Consultation
D000700:Analgesics