Prevalence, intensity and identity of bacteraemia following conservative dental procedures in children.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, intensity and microbial identity of bacteraemia following conservative dental procedures. The procedures were placement of rubber dam, use of the fast drill, use of the slow drill and placement of a matrix band and wedge.


METHODS
Two hundred and five children and adolescents undergoing general anaesthesia for dental treatment at the Eastman Dental Hospital were recruited. Each subject was randomly allocated to one of the procedure groups. A baseline blood sample was taken before any dental treatment was carried out. A second blood sample was taken 30 s after a single conservative procedure. The blood samples were processed using lysis filtration. All bacterial isolates were identified using comparative 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Oral Streptococcus spp. and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were further identified by comparative sodA gene sequencing.


RESULTS
The prevalence of bacteraemia was significantly greater following placement of rubber dam (P = 0.01) and placement of matrix band and wedge, compared with baseline. The intensity of bacteraemia was significantly greater following placement of rubber dam (P = 0.001) and placement of matrix band and wedge (P = 0.0001). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus spp. (56%), Actinomyces spp. (15%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (15%).


CONCLUSIONS
Conservative dental procedures are a significant cause of bacteraemia.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
H
H
Sonbol
D
D
Spratt
G J
GJ
Roberts
V S
VS
Lucas
D000190:Actinomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000293:Adolescent; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003729:Dental Care; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008434:Matrix Bands; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D016733:Rubber Dams; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041181:Staphylococcus hominis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D034361:Streptococcus mitis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C095500:SodA protein, Bacteria; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase