Validity of self-reported stroke in elderly African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites.
BACKGROUND
The validity of a self-reported stroke remains inconclusive.


OBJECTIVE
To validate the diagnosis of self-reported stroke using stroke identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the standard.


METHODS
Community-based cohort study of nondemented, ethnically diverse elderly persons in northern Manhattan.


METHODS
High-resolution quantitative MRIs were acquired for 717 participants without dementia. Sensitivity and specificity of stroke by self-report were examined using cross-sectional analyses and the chi(2) test. Putative relationships between factors potentially influencing the reporting of stroke, including memory performance, cognitive function, and vascular risk factors, were assessed using logistic regression models. Subsequently, all analyses were repeated, stratified by age, sex, ethnic group, and level of education.


RESULTS
In analyses of the whole sample, sensitivity of stroke self-report for a diagnosis of stroke on MRI was 32.4%, and specificity was 78.9%. In analyses stratified by median age (80.1 years), the validity between reported stroke and detection of stroke on MRI was significantly better in the younger than the older age group (for all vascular territories: sensitivity and specificity, 36.7% and 81.3% vs 27.6% and 26.2%; P = .02). Impaired memory, cognitive skills, or language ability and the presence of hypertension or myocardial infarction were associated with higher rates of false-negative results.


CONCLUSIONS
Using brain MRI as the standard, specificity and sensitivity of stroke self-report are low. Accuracy of self-report is influenced by age, presence of vascular disease, and cognitive function. In stroke research, sensitive neuroimaging techniques rather than stroke self-report should be used to determine stroke history.
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. cr2101@columbia.edu
Christiane
C
Reitz
Nicole
N
Schupf
José A
JA
Luchsinger
Adam M
AM
Brickman
Jennifer J
JJ
Manly
Howard
H
Andrews
Ming X
MX
Tang
Charles
C
DeCarli
Truman R
TR
Brown
Richard
R
Mayeux
D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012649:Self Concept; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology