Zelrix: a novel transdermal formulation of sumatriptan.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles of Zelrix (NuPathe Inc., Conshohocken, PA, USA), the novel formulation of sumatriptan (formerly known as NP101).


BACKGROUND
Migraine is an episodic headache disorder characterized by a combination of neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic symptoms. Gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, and gastric stasis are common and can result in significant impact on treatment. Triptans are 5-hydroxytriptanime(1B/1D) agonists that work on the trigeminal nerve that is activated during migraine. All triptans approved for use in the US are currently available as oral formulations; however, this may not be the ideal route of administration for many migraineurs. Sumatriptan is also available as a nasal spray and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Therefore, the need to develop improved methods for noninvasive parenteral delivery of triptans remains high.


METHODS
This was a Phase I, single-center, open-label, crossover study that assessed the pharmacokinetic properties of a single dose of sumatriptan delivered using an iontophoretic transdermal patch in comparison with oral, injection, and nasal delivery. Subjects were healthy male and female volunteers who received each of 5 treatments: sumatriptan 100 mg oral tablets, sumatriptan 6 mg s.c., sumatriptan 20 mg nasal spray, Zelrix I (transdermal patch with 3 g of gel solution delivering 6 mg of sumatriptan transdermally), or Zelrix II (transdermal patch containing 2.6 g of gel solution delivering 6 mg of sumatriptan).


RESULTS
The C(max) for Zelrix was reduced to 30% and 28% of the sumatriptan s.c. dose, thereby reducing the risk of triptan-like sensations associated with high peak plasma concentrations. Plasma concentrations for Zelrix I and Zelrix II were intermediate between those for oral and nasal sumatriptan doses tested. Transdermal patch delivery of sumatriptan to the systemic circulation reached plasma concentrations of 10 ng/mL within about 30 minutes. The mean drug delivery of Zelrix I and II was 6.11 mg (confidence intervals [CI] 5.33-6.88) and 6.09 mg (CI 5.52-6.66), respectively. The AUC(0-inf) was approximately 99% for the Zelrix I patch and 100% for the Zelrix II patch as compared with sumatriptan 6 mg s.c. dose. Both doses of sumatriptan transdermal patches were well tolerated. Skin reactions at the patch site were mild and erythema resolved in most subjects within 48-72 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
The results from this study show that sumatriptan administration using a novel iontophoretic transdermal technology delivers plasma levels within the range for nasal spray, tablet, and injectable sumatriptan. Zelrix I and II were well tolerated and adverse events were mild and transient. Transdermal delivery of sumatriptan using the SmartRelief iontophoretic technology may prove beneficial for a large segment of the migraine population based upon fast, consistent delivery of drug and avoidance of common gastrointestinal disturbances associated with migraine.
Pierce
Mark
M
NuPathe-Research and Development, Conshohocken, PA 19428, USA.
Marbury
Thomas
T
O'Neill
Carol
C
Siegel
Steven
S
Du
Wei
W
Sebree
Terri
T
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D018170:Sumatriptan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D018170:Sumatriptan