Dynamics of bacterial community in solid-state fermented feed revealed by 16S rRNA.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to monitor the changes in the composition of microbiota in solid-state fermented feed and to evaluate their biosafety.


RESULTS
In the solid-state fermentation, six probiotic bacteria strains were used as inoculum and soybean meal were used as carbohydrate source. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days, samples were collected for further analysis. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bacillus licheniformis were always present throughout the fermentation. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus acidophilum were dominant throughout the entire fermentation as monitored by Lactobacillus-specific PCR-DGGE. Probiotics supplementation could reduce the levels of the pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by species-specific real-time PCR. And Salmonella spp. was not detected throughout the entire fermentation.


CONCLUSIONS
Probiotics supplemented are always dominant throughout the whole period of solid-state fermentation and effective in preventing the growth of pathogens.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results, the high quality, stable solid-state fermented feed could be produced and applied in the pigs to improve the animal performances.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Z
Z
Yu
B
B
Dong
W
W
Lu
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D010802:Phylogeny; D019936:Probiotics / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S