Growth differentiation factor 9 enhances activin a-induced inhibin B production in human granulosa cells.
Activin A or growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) alone can increase beta(B)-mRNA level in human granulosa-lutein cells from women undergoing in vitro fertilization, but their potential interactions and related cell signaling pathways involved are unknown. We therefore compared inhibin subunit and inhibin levels and activation of activin receptors (ACVRs) and Smad signaling pathway in these human granulosa-lutein cells with and without GDF9 and/or activin A treatment. Inhibin subunit (alpha, beta(A), beta(B)), ACVR, and Smad2/3/4/7 mRNA levels, inhibin A and B production, and Smad phosphorylation were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunoblotting, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Activin A (1-50 ng/ml) or GDF9 (1-200 ng/ml) alone had only little stimulatory effects on alpha- and beta(A)-mRNA levels. In contrast, GDF9 could stimulate beta(B)-subunit levels but to a lesser degree than the dose- and time-dependent effects of activin A. Compared with untreated cells, GDF9 pretreatment for 24 h significantly enhanced activin A-induced beta(B)-mRNA levels, inhibin B secretion, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (effects attenuated by bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 extracellular domain, a GDF9 antagonist); and induced ACVR2B/1B and Smad2/3 but reduced Smad7 (an inhibitory Smad) mRNA levels. We report here for the first time that GDF9 enhances cell response to activin A by modulating key components of the activin signaling pathway in regulating inhibin subunits and hence inhibin B production in human granulosa-lutein cells.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Feng-Tao
FT
Shi
Anthony P
AP
Cheung
Peter C K
PC
Leung
D029404:Activin Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D028341:Activins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051906:Smad7 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497806:SMAD7 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; C422405:activin A; C422362:inhibin A; C422364:inhibin B; D028341:Activins; D007265:Inhibins; D029404:Activin Receptors