Sustainable chemical manufacturing: a matter of resources, wastes, hazards, and costs.
Sustainable development is gaining importance in the chemical industry. It encompasses social, environmental, and economical aspects. Herein, sustainable development is translated into four basic dimensions, called "sustainability stresses": resources, wastes, hazards, and costs. These sustainability stresses are discussed in some detail and their usefulness is illustrated by applying them to three manufacturing processes applied commercially by Shell, namely Shell's OMEGA, SMPO, and "low monol" technologies for producing ethene diol, styrene/propene oxide, and polyether polyols, respectively. These examples show that large reductions in sustainable stresses have been achieved in a few decades. They also show that the economical, environmental, and social issues are not in conflict when tackled at their roots: they can be all addressed simultaneously.
Lange
Jean-Paul
JP
Shell Technology Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jean-paul.lange@shell.com
D055884:Chemical Hazard Release; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis
D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011108:Polymers; C024617:polyol; D000431:Ethanol; C009068:propylene oxide