The development and evaluation of a large-scale self-referral CBT-I intervention for men who have insomnia: an exploratory study.
BACKGROUND
Whilst effective psychological treatments such as CBT-I have been developed for insomnia, few services provide CBT-I and awareness of CBT-I is low among referrers. In addition, men tend to seek help less frequently for their insomnia than women. This paper describes the development and evaluation of psycho-educational CBT-I workshops, each for up to 25 people, and designed to be acceptable to men.


METHODS
The CBT-I programme was based on Morin and Espie (2003), and adapted into a self-referral one-day workshop format designed specifically to improve access. Workshops were held on Saturdays in leisure centres. A one group pretest-posttest design was used and assessments were collected before and 6 weeks after each workshop. Over a 6-month period, 74 men self-referred, and attended the Introductory Talks preceding the workshops. Of these, 49.3% had never sought help from their GP, 66.2% suffered from clinical insomnia (ISI) and 61.6% were experiencing elevated depression symptoms (BDI over 10).


RESULTS
At follow-up, the workshops were found to be effective in reducing insomnia and depression. Satisfaction ratings with the workshops were very high.


CONCLUSIONS
Given these promising results, further work is now proposed for a larger controlled study with a longer-term follow-up.
Kings College London, UK.
Marc
M
Archer
June S L
JS
Brown
Helen
H
Idusohan
Shirley
S
Coventry
Andiappan
A
Manoharan
Colin A
CA
Espie
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004493:Education; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult