The immunopathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: two triggers for one disease?
Alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease represent a leading cause of liver disease and share similar pathogenic mechanisms among which activation of the immune system plays a key role. The main events consist in (a) activation of Kupffer cells via TLR-4 by LPS and fatty acids (b) complement activation (c) increased release of proinflammatory mediators (d) alteration in NK and NKT cell number/activity (e) activation of the adaptive immune system. At the same time, activation of intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways by cytokines and bacterial products, inhibit insulin signaling favoring lipogenesis, metabolic alterations, and cell damage.
Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Padiglione Granelli, Ospedale Policlinico IRCCS, via F Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
Luca
L
Valenti
Anna Ludovica
AL
Fracanzani
Silvia
S
Fargion
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4