The reproductive toxicity of organic compounds extracted from drinking water sources on Sprague Dawley rats: an in vitro study.
The safety of drinking water always causes worldwide concern. Water pollution increases with urban development and industrialization in developing countries. During recent decades, increasing numbers of environmental organic compounds have been found in aquatic environments. These organic compounds are capable of bioaccumulating to much higher concentrations in food webs and cause health effects on human beings. Reproductive impairment is one of the commonest consequences of environmental pollution. Our goal was to investigate the reproductive toxicity of organic compounds extracted from surface water samples collected in drinking water sources. This study focused on the surface water in lower Yangtze River and Taihu Lake, which act as drinking water sources of Jiangsu province, one of the most rapidly developing regions in China. We used solid-phase extraction (SPE) to condense organic compounds by 286 times from natural surface water samples and established in vitro system to evaluate their effects on reproductive system. We found that organic compounds destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of Sertoli cells and Spermatogenic cells to a certain degree and significantly depressed viability of Sertoli cells and Spermatogenic cells as well. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic Sertoli cells and dead Spermatogenic cells enhanced markedly. Although viability of organic-compound-treated Leydig cells did not come down remarkably, testosterone production of Leydig cells decreased evidently. These results suggest that accumulated comprehensive effects of organic compounds in surface water of drinking water sources may induce spermatogenesis malfunction and reduction of testosterone production in the long term.
Wu
Jiang
J
Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Hu
Guanjiu
G
Wang
Xiaoyi
X
Li
Dongmei
D
Yu
Hongxia
H
Han
Xiaodong
X
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002681:China; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013739:Testosterone