Participation and risk-taking behaviour in sports in children with haemophilia.
The aim of this study was to investigate participation in sports activities and risk-taking behaviour in children with haemophilia and the relationship to personal and health related factors. Ninety-nine children (mean age 12.6 years) completed questionnaires regarding participation in sports and physical education, medication, health related quality of life, and perceived motor competence. Furthermore, weight, height, active range of motion, pain, and muscle strength were assessed. Based on a risk exposure factor (REF) we defined subgroups with low, medium, and high risk when participating in sport. Most children participate in sport five times a week (mean 140 min per week), and little absence during school sports was reported. In general, prophylaxis was not tailored to sport activities. Boys with haemophilia preferred other sports than their Dutch contemporaries. The top-5 being soccer, swimming, tennis, gymnastics, and cardio-fitness for the former; soccer, gymnastics, tennis, hockey, and swimming for the latter. Significant differences between the low risk group and both other groups were found for sport intensity, total energy expenditure (EE) and average risk factor (ARF), however the medium and high-risk groups did not differ in ARF. REF and sport participation increased associated with increasing interest in athletic and motor activities. No significant differences were found between REF groups regarding age, Z-BMI, Z-AROM, Z-Muscle force, and the presence of painful joints. As in normal peers motivation to participate in sport depends upon the enthusiasm and interest, in children with haemophilia choice of sports differs, probably related to sport advice.
Department of Paediatric Physiotherapy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, and Research Centre for Allied Health Care, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J
J
Köiter
F R
FR
van Genderen
P P T
PP
Brons
M W G
MW
Nijhuis-van der Sanden
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D015438:Health Behavior; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires