Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.
In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) intensive efforts are directed at identifying biomarkers in bodily fluids related to underlying disease mechanisms, disease activity and progression, and therapeutic response. Besides MR imaging parameters cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provide important and specific information since changes in the CSF composition may reflect disease mechanisms inherent to MS. The different cellular and protein-analytical methods of the CSF and the recommended standard of the diagnostic CSF profile in MS are described. A brief update on possible CSF biomarkers that might reflect key pathological processes of MS such as inflammation, demyelination, neuroaxonal loss, gliosis and regeneration is provided.
Tumani
Hayrettin
H
Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm D-89081, Germany. hayrettin.tumani@uni-ulm.de
Hartung
Hans-Peter
HP
Hemmer
Bernhard
B
Teunissen
Charlotte
C
Deisenhammer
Florian
F
Giovannoni
Gavin
G
Zettl
Uwe K
UK
D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011379:Prognosis
D015415:Biomarkers