School gardens: an experiential learning approach for a nutrition education program to increase fruit and vegetable knowledge, preference, and consumption among second-grade students.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of a school garden on children's fruit and vegetable knowledge, preference, and consumption.


METHODS
Self-report questionnaires, interview-style taste and rate items, lunchroom observations.


METHODS
An elementary school.


METHODS
Second-grade students (n = 115).


METHODS
Participants were assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) nutrition education and gardening (NE+G) treatment group, (2) nutrition education only (NE) treatment group, or (3) control group (CG). Both treatment groups received classroom instruction, and the NE+G group also received a school gardening experience.


METHODS
Fruit and vegetable knowledge, preference, and consumption.


METHODS
Analyses of variance (alpha = .05).


RESULTS
Participants in the NE+G and NE treatment groups exhibited significantly greater improvements in nutrition knowledge and taste ratings than did participants in the CG. Moreover, the NE+G group was more likely to choose and consume vegetables in a lunchroom setting at post-assessment than either the NE or CG groups.


CONCLUSIONS
School gardens as a component of nutrition education can increase fruit and vegetable knowledge and cause behavior change among children. These findings suggest that school administrators, classroom teachers, and nutrition educators should implement school gardens as a way to positively influence dietary habits at an early age.
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. parmesm@auburn.edu
Sondra M
SM
Parmer
Jill
J
Salisbury-Glennon
David
D
Shannon
Barbara
B
Struempler
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000600:supply & distribution; D051639:Gardening / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D020377:Self Efficacy; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables / Q000254:growth & development / Q000600:supply & distribution