Life-threatening cardiotoxicity due to chronic oral phenytoin overdose.
Severe cardiac adverse effects are often related to intravenous phenytoin overdose. However, there is no reported cardiotoxicity resulting from oral overdose of phenytoin. We report a patient with post-traumatic epilepsy who received oral phenytoin for five months and developed life-threatening junctional bradycardia, with his serum phenytoin level reaching up to 91 microg/mL. The patient was successfully treated with temporary transvenous pacemaker implantation for his severe bradycardia and hypotension. To our knowledge, our patient had the most serious cardiovascular toxicity ever reported with chronic oral phenytoin overdose. From emergency department (ED) physician's perspective, when a patient with dysrhythmias and cardiovascular collapse is presented to the ED, severe phenytoin overdose should be considered in patients on oral phenytoin with hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and severe electrolyte imbalance.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chih-Min
CM
Su
Chia-Te
CT
Kung
Yu-Chin
YC
Wang
Cheng-Hsien
CH
Lu
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin