Electronic monitoring of occlusion treatment for amblyopia in patients aged 7 to 16 years.
BACKGROUND
Age limits for the prescription of amblyopia treatment have been debated and challenged recently, due to results of studies from ophthalmology and the neurosciences. Lack of knowledge about compliance with prescribed treatment is still a major factor for the uncertainty about the amount of plasticity in the visual system of older children and adolescents. The development of devices for the electronic recording of patching (Occlusion Dose Monitor, ODM) has allowed the collection of objective data about daily occlusion.


METHODS
In a prospective study, occlusion dose rates were recorded continuously during 4 months by means of the ODM developed in the Netherlands [1] in nine amblyopic patients between 7 and 16 years of age who were prescribed between 5 and 7 hours of daily patching. Visual acuity was assessed every 3 to 6 weeks.


RESULTS
The electronic monitoring showed objective occlusion between 2 and 6.25 hours/day (mean 4.61 h/d) during the first month and 0 to 6.5 hours/day (mean 3.47 h/d) during the following 3 months of treatment. The total acuity gain in the amblyopic eye amounted to between -0.1 and 0.4 log units (mean 0.19) for crowded optotypes. Differences to initial acuities were statistically significant. The calculated average dose-response relationship (cumulated hours occlusion*0.1/acuity gain) for 4 months of occlusion was 234 hours of occlusion per 0.1 log unit of acuity gain.


CONCLUSIONS
This study presents for the first time objective treatment and dose response data in amblyopic patients beyond the "classical" treatment age. Electronic monitoring of occlusion and considerable amounts of patching were shown to be feasible. The acuity results indicate that there is a potential for improvement, yet treatment seemed to be less efficient than shown by previous studies in younger patients. Continuation of this research may advance the discussion about age-dependent evidence-based amblyopia treatment, about preschool screening for amblyopia and about plasticity of the visual system.
Fronius
Maria
M
Ophthalmology, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. fronius@em.uni-frankfurt.de
Bachert
Iris
I
Lüchtenberg
Marc
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004581:Electronics; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity