Substitution of vegetable oil for a partially-hydrogenated fat favorably alters cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE
Compared to vegetable oils in their unmodified state, partially-hydrogenated fat is associated with less favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Acceptable alternatives must be adjudicated. Our objective was to assess the effect of a recent commercial fat substitution, corn oil for partially-hydrogenated soybean oil.


METHODS
Using a double-blind cross-over design, 30 postmenopausal women >or=50 years with LDL-cholesterol concentrations >or=120 mg/dL were randomly assigned to each of two 35-day phases; all food and beverage was provided to maintain body weight. Corn or partially-hydrogenated soybean oil was incorporated throughout the diet and contributed two-thirds of fat. Primary outcomes included fasting and non-fasting lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations; secondary outcomes included fasting small dense LDL (sdLDL)-cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC), glycated albumin, adiponectin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations, and endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities.


RESULTS
Relative to the partially-hydrogenated soybean oil enriched diet, the corn oil enriched diet resulted in lower fasting total cholesterol (7%; P<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (10%; P<0.0001), VLDL-cholesterol (7%; P=0.052), apo B (9%; P<0.0001), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (5%; P=0.024), sdLDL-cholesterol (17%; P=0.001), and RemLC (20%; P=0.007) concentrations, and no significant effect on the other outcomes. Changes in postprandial (4-h post-meal) lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were similar to the fasting state.


CONCLUSIONS
The replacement of partially-hydrogenated soybean oil with corn oil favorably affects a range of CVD risk factors and is an appropriate option to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals.
Vega-López
Sonia
S
Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
Matthan
Nirupa R
NR
Ausman
Lynne M
LM
Ai
Masumi
M
Otokozawa
Seiko
S
Schaefer
Ernst J
EJ
Lichtenstein
Alice H
AH
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007328:Insulin; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin