Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and a relative insulin secretion defect. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has risen worldwide in large part because of an increase in obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The underlying pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus are still being elucidated. Recent advances in diabetes research have helped us to gain a better understanding about insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. The evolving understanding about the influence of the incretin effect, insulin signal transduction, adipose tissue, intra-islet cell communication, and inflammation is changing the way in which we view type 2 diabetes mellitus. This new understanding will eventually provide us with new treatment approaches to help patients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article gives a review of the current and emerging concepts of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. psurampu@tulane.edu
Prasanth N
PN
Surampudi
Jennifer
J
John-Kalarickal
Vivian A
VA
Fonseca
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin