Multisite protein phosphorylation--from molecular mechanisms to kinetic models.
Multisite phosphorylation is an important mechanism for fine-tuned regulation of protein function. Mathematical models developed over recent years have contributed to elucidation of the functional consequences of a variety of molecular mechanisms involved in processing of the phosphorylation sites. Here we review the results of such models, together with salient experimental findings on multisite protein phosphorylation. We discuss how molecular mechanisms that can be distinguished with respect to the order and processivity of phosphorylation, as well as other factors, regulate changes in the sensitivity and kinetics of the response, the synchronization of molecular events, signalling specificity, and other functional implications.
Salazar
Carlos
C
Research Group Modeling of Biological Systems (B086), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany. c.salazar@dkfz-heidelberg.de
Höfer
Thomas
T
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D011506:Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases