FANCJ helicase uniquely senses oxidative base damage in either strand of duplex DNA and is stimulated by replication protein A to unwind the damaged DNA substrate in a strand-specific manner.
FANCJ mutations are genetically linked to the Fanconi anemia complementation group J and predispose individuals to breast cancer. Understanding the role of FANCJ in DNA metabolism and how FANCJ dysfunction leads to tumorigenesis requires mechanistic studies of FANCJ helicase and its protein partners. In this work, we have examined the ability of FANCJ to unwind DNA molecules with specific base damage that can be mutagenic or lethal. FANCJ was inhibited by a single thymine glycol, but not 8-oxoguanine, in either the translocating or nontranslocating strands of the helicase substrate. In contrast, the human RecQ helicases (BLM, RECQ1, and WRN) display strand-specific inhibition of unwinding by the thymine glycol damage, whereas other DNA helicases (DinG, DnaB, and UvrD) are not significantly inhibited by thymine glycol in either strand. In the presence of replication protein A (RPA), but not Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, FANCJ efficiently unwound the DNA substrate harboring the thymine glycol damage in the nontranslocating strand; however, inhibition of FANCJ helicase activity by the translocating strand thymine glycol was not relieved. Strand-specific stimulation of human RECQ1 helicase activity was also observed, and RPA bound with high affinity to single-stranded DNA containing a single thymine glycol. Based on the biochemical studies, we propose a model for the specific functional interaction between RPA and FANCJ on the thymine glycol substrates. These studies are relevant to the roles of RPA, FANCJ, and other DNA helicases in the metabolism of damaged DNA that can interfere with basic cellular processes of DNA metabolism.
Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Avvaru N
AN
Suhasini
Joshua A
JA
Sommers
Aaron C
AC
Mason
Oleg N
ON
Voloshin
R Daniel
RD
Camerini-Otero
Marc S
MS
Wold
Robert M
RM
Brosh
D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D051716:Replication Protein A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013941:Thymine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
C102108:BACH1 protein, human; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D018736:DNA Adducts; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; C497167:RPA1 protein, human; D051716:Replication Protein A; C029389:thymine glycol; C024829:8-hydroxyguanine; D006147:Guanine; D004247:DNA; D004265:DNA Helicases; D013941:Thymine